var bibbase_data = {"data":"<img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/ajax-loader.gif\" id=\"spinner\"\n  style=\"display: none;\" alt=\"Loading..\" />\n\n<div id=\"bibbase\">\n\n  <script type=\"text/javascript\">\n    var bibbase = {\n      params: {\"bib\":\"https://bibbase.org/zotero-group/wcgberg/5623432\",\"jsonp\":\"1\",\"host\":\"bibbase.org\",\"ssl\":false},\n      data: [{\"bibtype\":\"book\",\"type\":\"book\",\"title\":\"Beyond the Lines by Sarah E. Parkinson \\\\textbar Paperback\",\"isbn\":\"978-1-5017-6714-2\",\"url\":\"https://www.cornellpress.cornell.edu/book/9781501767142/beyond-the-lines/\",\"abstract\":\"Beyond the Lines explores the social underpinnings of rebel adaptation and resilience. How do rebel groups cope with crises such as repression, displacement, and fragmentation? What explains changes...\",\"language\":\"en-US\",\"urldate\":\"2024-08-14\",\"publisher\":\"Cornell University Press\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Parkinson\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Sarah\",\"E.\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"month\":\"January\",\"year\":\"2023\",\"bibtex\":\"@book{parkinson_beyond_2023,\\n\\ttitle = {Beyond the {Lines} by {Sarah} {E}. {Parkinson} {\\\\textbar} {Paperback}},\\n\\tisbn = {978-1-5017-6714-2},\\n\\turl = {https://www.cornellpress.cornell.edu/book/9781501767142/beyond-the-lines/},\\n\\tabstract = {Beyond the Lines explores the social underpinnings of rebel adaptation and resilience. How do rebel groups cope with crises such as repression, displacement, and fragmentation? What explains changes...},\\n\\tlanguage = {en-US},\\n\\turldate = {2024-08-14},\\n\\tpublisher = {Cornell University Press},\\n\\tauthor = {Parkinson, Sarah E.},\\n\\tmonth = jan,\\n\\tyear = {2023},\\n}\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Parkinson, S. E.\"],\"key\":\"parkinson_beyond_2023\",\"id\":\"parkinson_beyond_2023\",\"bibbaseid\":\"parkinson-beyondthelinesbysaraheparkinsontextbarpaperback-2023\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{\"Paper\":\"https://www.cornellpress.cornell.edu/book/9781501767142/beyond-the-lines/\"},\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"book\",\"type\":\"book\",\"address\":\"Chicago, IL\",\"title\":\"Human Rights In Camera\",\"isbn\":\"978-0-226-76276-0\",\"url\":\"https://press.uchicago.edu/ucp/books/book/chicago/H/bo12079675.html\",\"abstract\":\"From the fundamental rights proclaimed in the American and French declarations of independence to the 1948 Universal Declaration of Human Rights and Hannah Arendt’s furious critiques, the definition of what it means to be human has been hotly debated. But the history of human rights—and their abuses—is also a richly illustrated one. Following this picture trail, Human Rights In Camera takes an innovative approach by examining the visual images that have accompanied human rights struggles and the passionate responses people have had to them.Sharon Sliwinski considers a series of historical events, including the 1755 Lisbon earthquake and the Holocaust, to illustrate that universal human rights have come to be imagined through aesthetic experience. The circulation of images of distant events, she argues, forms a virtual community between spectators and generates a sense of shared humanity. Joining a growing body of scholarship about the cultural forces at work in the construction of human rights, Human Rights In Camera is a novel take on this potent political ideal.\",\"language\":\"en\",\"urldate\":\"2024-08-14\",\"publisher\":\"University of Chicago Press\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Sliwinski\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Sharon\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"month\":\"October\",\"year\":\"2011\",\"bibtex\":\"@book{sliwinski_human_2011,\\n\\taddress = {Chicago, IL},\\n\\ttitle = {Human {Rights} {In} {Camera}},\\n\\tisbn = {978-0-226-76276-0},\\n\\turl = {https://press.uchicago.edu/ucp/books/book/chicago/H/bo12079675.html},\\n\\tabstract = {From the fundamental rights proclaimed in the American and French declarations of independence to the 1948 Universal Declaration of Human Rights and Hannah Arendt’s furious critiques, the definition of what it means to be human has been hotly debated. But the history of human rights—and their abuses—is also a richly illustrated one. Following this picture trail, Human Rights In Camera takes an innovative approach by examining the visual images that have accompanied human rights struggles and the passionate responses people have had to them.Sharon Sliwinski considers a series of historical events, including the 1755 Lisbon earthquake and the Holocaust, to illustrate that universal human rights have come to be imagined through aesthetic experience. The circulation of images of distant events, she argues, forms a virtual community between spectators and generates a sense of shared humanity. Joining a growing body of scholarship about the cultural forces at work in the construction of human rights, Human Rights In Camera is a novel take on this potent political ideal.},\\n\\tlanguage = {en},\\n\\turldate = {2024-08-14},\\n\\tpublisher = {University of Chicago Press},\\n\\tauthor = {Sliwinski, Sharon},\\n\\tmonth = oct,\\n\\tyear = {2011},\\n}\\n\\n\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Sliwinski, S.\"],\"key\":\"sliwinski_human_2011\",\"id\":\"sliwinski_human_2011\",\"bibbaseid\":\"sliwinski-humanrightsincamera-2011\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{\"Paper\":\"https://press.uchicago.edu/ucp/books/book/chicago/H/bo12079675.html\"},\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"book\",\"type\":\"book\",\"title\":\"Theft Is Property! Dispossession and Critical Theory\",\"isbn\":\"978-1-4780-0608-4\",\"url\":\"http://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctv11smqjz\",\"abstract\":\"Drawing on Indigenous peoples' struggles against settler colonialism, \\\\textlessem\\\\textgreaterTheft Is Property!\\\\textless/em\\\\textgreater reconstructs the concept of dispossession as a means of explaining how shifting configurations of law, property, race, and rights have functioned as modes of governance, both historically and in the present. Through close analysis of arguments by Indigenous scholars and activists from the nineteenth century to the present, Robert Nichols argues that dispossession has come to name a unique recursive process whereby systematic theft is the mechanism by which property relations are generated. In so doing, Nichols also brings long-standing debates in anarchist, Black radical, feminist, Marxist, and postcolonial thought into direct conversation with the frequently overlooked intellectual contributions of Indigenous peoples.\",\"urldate\":\"2024-08-14\",\"publisher\":\"Duke University Press\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Nichols\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Robert\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"year\":\"2020\",\"doi\":\"10.2307/j.ctv11smqjz\",\"bibtex\":\"@book{nichols_theft_2020,\\n\\ttitle = {Theft {Is} {Property}! {Dispossession} and {Critical} {Theory}},\\n\\tisbn = {978-1-4780-0608-4},\\n\\turl = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctv11smqjz},\\n\\tabstract = {Drawing on Indigenous peoples' struggles against settler\\ncolonialism, {\\\\textless}em{\\\\textgreater}Theft Is Property!{\\\\textless}/em{\\\\textgreater} reconstructs the concept of dispossession as a means of explaining how shifting\\nconfigurations of law, property, race, and rights have functioned as modes of governance, both historically and in the present.\\nThrough close analysis of arguments by Indigenous scholars and\\nactivists from the nineteenth century to the present, Robert\\nNichols argues that dispossession has come to name a unique\\nrecursive process whereby systematic theft is the mechanism by\\nwhich property relations are generated. In so doing, Nichols also brings long-standing debates in anarchist, Black radical, feminist, Marxist, and postcolonial thought into direct conversation with the frequently overlooked intellectual contributions of Indigenous\\npeoples.},\\n\\turldate = {2024-08-14},\\n\\tpublisher = {Duke University Press},\\n\\tauthor = {Nichols, Robert},\\n\\tyear = {2020},\\n\\tdoi = {10.2307/j.ctv11smqjz},\\n}\\n\\n\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Nichols, R.\"],\"key\":\"nichols_theft_2020\",\"id\":\"nichols_theft_2020\",\"bibbaseid\":\"nichols-theftispropertydispossessionandcriticaltheory-2020\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{\"Paper\":\"http://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctv11smqjz\"},\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"book\",\"type\":\"book\",\"title\":\"Freedom Inside? Yoga and Meditation in the Carceral State\",\"isbn\":\"978-0-19-007009-0\",\"url\":\"https://global.oup.com/academic/product/freedom-inside-9780190070090\",\"abstract\":\"An estimated forty million people in the United States regularly practice yoga, and as an industry it generates over nine billion dollars annually. A major reason for its popularity is its promise of mental and physical well-being: yoga and meditation are thought to be spiritual paths to self-improvement. Yoga is also widely practiced in prisons, another large business in the United States. Prisons in all fifty states offer yoga and meditation as a form of rehabilitation.\",\"language\":\"en_GB\",\"urldate\":\"2024-08-14\",\"publisher\":\"Oxford University Press\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Godrej\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Farah\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"month\":\"July\",\"year\":\"2022\",\"note\":\"Cc: us Lang: en Tab: overview\",\"bibtex\":\"@book{godrej_freedom_2022,\\n\\ttitle = {Freedom {Inside}? {Yoga} and {Meditation} in the {Carceral} {State}},\\n\\tisbn = {978-0-19-007009-0},\\n\\turl = {https://global.oup.com/academic/product/freedom-inside-9780190070090},\\n\\tabstract = {An estimated forty million people in the United States regularly practice yoga, and as an industry it generates over nine billion dollars annually. A major reason for its popularity is its promise of mental and physical well-being: yoga and meditation are thought to be spiritual paths to self-improvement. Yoga is also widely practiced in prisons, another large business in the United States. Prisons in all fifty states offer yoga and meditation as a form of rehabilitation.},\\n\\tlanguage = {en\\\\_GB},\\n\\turldate = {2024-08-14},\\n\\tpublisher = {Oxford University Press},\\n\\tauthor = {Godrej, Farah},\\n\\tmonth = jul,\\n\\tyear = {2022},\\n\\tnote = {Cc: us\\nLang: en\\nTab: overview},\\n}\\n\\n\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Godrej, F.\"],\"key\":\"godrej_freedom_2022\",\"id\":\"godrej_freedom_2022\",\"bibbaseid\":\"godrej-freedominsideyogaandmeditationinthecarceralstate-2022\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{\"Paper\":\"https://global.oup.com/academic/product/freedom-inside-9780190070090\"},\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"book\",\"type\":\"book\",\"title\":\"Everyday Utopias: The Conceptual Life of Promising Spaces\",\"isbn\":\"978-0-8223-5555-7\",\"url\":\"http://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctv1220qrp\",\"abstract\":\"Everyday utopias enact conventional activities in unusual ways. Instead of dreaming about a better world, participants seek to create it. As such, their activities provide vibrant and stimulating contexts for considering the terms of social life, of how we live together and are governed. Weaving conceptual theorizing together with social analysis, Davina Cooper examines utopian projects as seemingly diverse as a feminist bathhouse, state equality initiatives, community trading networks, and a democratic school where students and staff collaborate in governing. She draws from firsthand observations and interviews with participants to argue that utopian projects have the potential to revitalize progressive politics through the ways their innovative practices incite us to rethink mainstream concepts including property, markets, care, touch, and equality. This is no straightforward story of success, however, but instead a tale of the challenges concepts face as they move between being imagined, actualized, hoped for, and struggled over. As dreaming drives new practices and practices drive new dreams, everyday utopias reveal how hard work, feeling, ethical dilemmas, and sometimes, failure, bring concepts to life.\",\"urldate\":\"2024-08-14\",\"publisher\":\"Duke University Press\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Cooper\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Davina\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"year\":\"2014\",\"doi\":\"10.2307/j.ctv1220qrp\",\"bibtex\":\"@book{cooper_everyday_2014,\\n\\ttitle = {Everyday {Utopias}: {The} {Conceptual} {Life} of {Promising} {Spaces}},\\n\\tisbn = {978-0-8223-5555-7},\\n\\turl = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctv1220qrp},\\n\\tabstract = {Everyday utopias enact conventional activities in unusual ways. Instead of dreaming about a better world, participants seek to create it. As such, their activities provide vibrant and stimulating contexts for considering the terms of social life, of how we live together and are governed. Weaving conceptual theorizing together with social analysis, Davina Cooper examines utopian projects as seemingly diverse as a feminist bathhouse, state equality initiatives, community trading networks, and a democratic school where students and staff collaborate in governing. She draws from firsthand observations and interviews with participants to argue that utopian projects have the potential to revitalize progressive politics through the ways their innovative practices incite us to rethink mainstream concepts including property, markets, care, touch, and equality. This is no straightforward story of success, however, but instead a tale of the challenges concepts face as they move between being imagined, actualized, hoped for, and struggled over. As dreaming drives new practices and practices drive new dreams, everyday utopias reveal how hard work, feeling, ethical dilemmas, and sometimes, failure, bring concepts to life.},\\n\\turldate = {2024-08-14},\\n\\tpublisher = {Duke University Press},\\n\\tauthor = {Cooper, Davina},\\n\\tyear = {2014},\\n\\tdoi = {10.2307/j.ctv1220qrp},\\n}\\n\\n\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Cooper, D.\"],\"key\":\"cooper_everyday_2014\",\"id\":\"cooper_everyday_2014\",\"bibbaseid\":\"cooper-everydayutopiastheconceptuallifeofpromisingspaces-2014\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{\"Paper\":\"http://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctv1220qrp\"},\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"book\",\"type\":\"book\",\"title\":\"The Security Archipelago: Human-Security States, Sexuality Politics, and the End of Neoliberalism\",\"isbn\":\"978-0-8223-5384-3\",\"url\":\"http://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctv125jkg1\",\"abstract\":\"In The Security Archipelago, Paul Amar provides an alternative historical and theoretical framing of the refashioning of free-market states and the rise of humanitarian security regimes in the Global South by examining the pivotal, trendsetting cases of Brazil and Egypt. Addressing gaps in the study of neoliberalism and biopolitics, Amar describes how coercive security operations and cultural rescue campaigns confronting waves of resistance have appropriated progressive, antimarket discourses around morality, sexuality, and labor. The products of these struggles-including powerful new police practices, religious politics, sexuality identifications, and gender normativities-have traveled across an archipelago, a metaphorical island chain of what the global security industry calls \\\"hot spots.\\\" Homing in on Cairo and Rio de Janeiro, Amar reveals the innovative resistances and unexpected alliances that have coalesced in new polities emerging from the Arab Spring and South America's Pink Tide. These have generated a shared modern governance model that he terms the \\\"human-security state.\\\"\",\"urldate\":\"2024-08-14\",\"publisher\":\"Duke University Press\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Amar\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Paul\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"year\":\"2013\",\"doi\":\"10.2307/j.ctv125jkg1\",\"bibtex\":\"@book{amar_security_2013,\\n\\ttitle = {The {Security} {Archipelago}: {Human}-{Security} {States}, {Sexuality} {Politics}, and the {End} of {Neoliberalism}},\\n\\tisbn = {978-0-8223-5384-3},\\n\\turl = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctv125jkg1},\\n\\tabstract = {In The Security Archipelago, Paul Amar provides an alternative historical and theoretical framing of the refashioning of free-market states and the rise of humanitarian security regimes in the Global South by examining the pivotal, trendsetting cases of Brazil and Egypt. Addressing gaps in the study of neoliberalism and biopolitics, Amar describes how coercive security operations and cultural rescue campaigns confronting waves of resistance have appropriated progressive, antimarket discourses around morality, sexuality, and labor. The products of these struggles-including powerful new police practices, religious politics, sexuality identifications, and gender normativities-have traveled across an archipelago, a metaphorical island chain of what the global security industry calls \\\"hot spots.\\\" Homing in on Cairo and Rio de Janeiro, Amar reveals the innovative resistances and unexpected alliances that have coalesced in new polities emerging from the Arab Spring and South America's Pink Tide. These have generated a shared modern governance model that he terms the \\\"human-security state.\\\"},\\n\\turldate = {2024-08-14},\\n\\tpublisher = {Duke University Press},\\n\\tauthor = {Amar, Paul},\\n\\tyear = {2013},\\n\\tdoi = {10.2307/j.ctv125jkg1},\\n}\\n\\n\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Amar, P.\"],\"key\":\"amar_security_2013\",\"id\":\"amar_security_2013\",\"bibbaseid\":\"amar-thesecurityarchipelagohumansecuritystatessexualitypoliticsandtheendofneoliberalism-2013\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{\"Paper\":\"http://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctv125jkg1\"},\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"book\",\"type\":\"book\",\"title\":\"Liberalizing Lynching: Building a New Racialized State\",\"isbn\":\"978-0-19-023257-3\",\"shorttitle\":\"Liberalizing Lynching\",\"abstract\":\"In spite of America's identity as a liberal democracy, the vile act of lynching happened frequently in the Southern United States over the course of the nation's history. Indeed, lynchings were very public events, and were even advertised in newspapers, begging the question of how such a brazen disregard for the law could have occurred so freely and openly. Liberalizing Lynching: Building a New Racialized State seeks to explain the seemingly paradoxical relationship between the American liberal regime and the illiberal act of lynching. Drawing on legal cases, congressional documents, presidential correspondence, and newspaper reports, Daniel Kato explores the federal government's pattern of non-intervention regarding lynchings of African Americans from the late nineteenth century through the 1960s. Although popular belief holds that the federal government was unable to address racial violence in the South, this book argues that the actions and decisions of the federal government from the 1870s through the 1960s reveal that federal inaction was not primarily a consequence of institutional or legal incapacities, but rather a decision that was supported and maintained by all three branches of the federal government. Inaction stemmed from the decision not to intervene, not the powerlessness of the federal government. To cement his argument, Kato develops the theory of constitutional anarchy, which crystallizes the ways in which federal government had the capacity to intervene, yet relinquished its responsibility while nonetheless maintaining authority. A bold challenge to conventional knowledge about lynching, Liberalizing Lynching will serve as a useful tool for students and scholars of political science, legal history, and African American studies.\",\"language\":\"en\",\"publisher\":\"Oxford University Press\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Kato\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Daniel\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"year\":\"2016\",\"note\":\"Google-Books-ID: 0M9xCgAAQBAJ\",\"keywords\":\"Law / Legal History, Political Science / History & Theory, Political Science / Political Ideologies / Democracy, Social Science / Discrimination, Social Science / Ethnic Studies / American / African American & Black Studies, Social Science / Race & Ethnic Relations, Social Science / Social Classes & Economic Disparity, True Crime / General\",\"bibtex\":\"@book{kato_liberalizing_2016,\\n\\ttitle = {Liberalizing {Lynching}: {Building} a {New} {Racialized} {State}},\\n\\tisbn = {978-0-19-023257-3},\\n\\tshorttitle = {Liberalizing {Lynching}},\\n\\tabstract = {In spite of America's identity as a liberal democracy, the vile act of lynching happened frequently in the Southern United States over the course of the nation's history. Indeed, lynchings were very public events, and were even advertised in newspapers, begging the question of how such a brazen disregard for the law could have occurred so freely and openly.  Liberalizing Lynching: Building a New Racialized State seeks to explain the seemingly paradoxical relationship between the American liberal regime and the illiberal act of lynching. Drawing on legal cases, congressional documents, presidential correspondence, and newspaper reports, Daniel Kato explores the federal government's pattern of non-intervention regarding lynchings of African Americans from the late nineteenth century through the 1960s. Although popular belief holds that the federal government was unable to address racial violence in the South, this book argues that the actions and decisions of the federal government from the 1870s through the 1960s reveal that federal inaction was not primarily a consequence of institutional or legal incapacities, but rather a decision that was supported and maintained by all three branches of the federal government. Inaction stemmed from the decision not to intervene, not the powerlessness of the federal government.  To cement his argument, Kato develops the theory of constitutional anarchy, which crystallizes the ways in which federal government had the capacity to intervene, yet relinquished its responsibility while nonetheless maintaining authority. A bold challenge to conventional knowledge about lynching, Liberalizing Lynching will serve as a useful tool for students and scholars of political science, legal history, and African American studies.},\\n\\tlanguage = {en},\\n\\tpublisher = {Oxford University Press},\\n\\tauthor = {Kato, Daniel},\\n\\tyear = {2016},\\n\\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: 0M9xCgAAQBAJ},\\n\\tkeywords = {Law / Legal History, Political Science / History \\\\& Theory, Political Science / Political Ideologies / Democracy, Social Science / Discrimination, Social Science / Ethnic Studies / American / African American \\\\& Black Studies, Social Science / Race \\\\& Ethnic Relations, Social Science / Social Classes \\\\& Economic Disparity, True Crime / General},\\n}\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Kato, D.\"],\"key\":\"kato_liberalizing_2016\",\"id\":\"kato_liberalizing_2016\",\"bibbaseid\":\"kato-liberalizinglynchingbuildinganewracializedstate-2016\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{},\"keyword\":[\"Law / Legal History\",\"Political Science / History & Theory\",\"Political Science / Political Ideologies / Democracy\",\"Social Science / Discrimination\",\"Social Science / Ethnic Studies / American / African American & Black Studies\",\"Social Science / Race & Ethnic Relations\",\"Social Science / Social Classes & Economic Disparity\",\"True Crime / General\"],\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"book\",\"type\":\"book\",\"title\":\"The Microbial State: Global Thriving and the Body Politic\",\"isbn\":\"978-1-5179-0013-7\",\"url\":\"http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.5749/j.ctt1pwt5z8\",\"abstract\":\"pFor three centuries, concepts of the state have been animated by one of the most powerful metaphors in politics: the body politic, a claustrophobic and bounded image of sovereignty. Climate change, neoliberalism, mass migration, and other aspects of the late Anthropocene have increasingly revealed the limitations of this metaphor. Just as the human body is not whole and separate from other bodies-comprising microbes, bacteria, water, and radioactive isotopes-Stefanie R. Fishel argues that the body politic of the state exists in dense entanglement with other communities and forms of life. /p pDrawing on insights from continental philosophy, science and technology studies, and international relations theory, this path-breaking book critiques the concept of the body politic on the grounds of its very materiality. Fishel both redefines and extends the metaphor of the body politic and its role in understanding an increasingly posthuman, globalized world politics. By conceiving of bodies and states as lively vessels, living harmoniously with multiplicity and the biosphere, she argues that a radical shift in metaphors can challenge a politics based on fear to open new forms of global political practice and community. /p pReframing the concept of the body politic to accommodate greater levels of complexity, Fishel suggests, will result in new configurations for the political and social organization necessary to build a world in which the planet's inhabitants do not merely live but actively thrive./p\",\"urldate\":\"2024-08-14\",\"publisher\":\"University of Minnesota Press\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Fishel\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Stefanie\",\"R.\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"year\":\"2017\",\"doi\":\"10.5749/j.ctt1pwt5z8\",\"bibtex\":\"@book{fishel_microbial_2017,\\n\\ttitle = {The {Microbial} {State}: {Global} {Thriving} and the {Body} {Politic}},\\n\\tisbn = {978-1-5179-0013-7},\\n\\turl = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.5749/j.ctt1pwt5z8},\\n\\tabstract = {pFor three centuries, concepts of the state have been animated by one of the most powerful metaphors in politics: the body politic, a claustrophobic and bounded image of sovereignty. Climate change, neoliberalism, mass migration, and other aspects of the late Anthropocene have increasingly revealed the limitations of this metaphor. Just as the human body is not whole and separate from other bodies-comprising microbes, bacteria, water, and radioactive isotopes-Stefanie R. Fishel argues that the body politic of the state exists in dense entanglement with other communities and forms of life. /p pDrawing on insights from continental philosophy, science and technology studies, and international relations theory, this path-breaking book critiques the concept of the body politic on the grounds of its very materiality. Fishel both redefines and extends the metaphor of the body politic and its role in understanding an increasingly posthuman, globalized world politics. By conceiving of bodies and states as lively vessels, living harmoniously with multiplicity and the biosphere, she argues that a radical shift in metaphors can challenge a politics based on fear to open new forms of global political practice and community. /p pReframing the concept of the body politic to accommodate greater levels of complexity, Fishel suggests, will result in new configurations for the political and social organization necessary to build a world in which the planet's inhabitants do not merely live but actively thrive./p},\\n\\turldate = {2024-08-14},\\n\\tpublisher = {University of Minnesota Press},\\n\\tauthor = {Fishel, Stefanie R.},\\n\\tyear = {2017},\\n\\tdoi = {10.5749/j.ctt1pwt5z8},\\n}\\n\\n\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Fishel, S. R.\"],\"key\":\"fishel_microbial_2017\",\"id\":\"fishel_microbial_2017\",\"bibbaseid\":\"fishel-themicrobialstateglobalthrivingandthebodypolitic-2017\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{\"Paper\":\"http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.5749/j.ctt1pwt5z8\"},\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"book\",\"type\":\"book\",\"title\":\"Grounded Authority: The Algonquins of Barriere Lake against the State\",\"isbn\":\"978-0-8166-9834-9\",\"url\":\"http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.5749/j.ctt1pv88w3\",\"abstract\":\"Since Justin Trudeau's election in 2015, Canada has been hailed internationally as embarking on a truly progressive, post-postcolonial era-including an improved relationship between the state and its Indigenous peoples. Shiri Pasternak corrects this misconception, showing that colonialism is very much alive in Canada. From the perspective of Indigenous law and jurisdiction, she tells the story of the Algonquins of Barriere Lake, in western Quebec, and their tireless resistance to federal land claims policy. \\\\textlessem\\\\textgreaterGrounded Authority\\\\textless/em\\\\textgreaterchronicles the band's ongoing attempts to restore full governance over its lands and natural resources through an agreement signed by settler governments almost three decades ago-an agreement the state refuses to fully implement. Pasternak argues that the state's aversion to recognizing Algonquin jurisdiction stems from its goal of perfecting its sovereignty by replacing the inherent jurisdiction of Indigenous peoples with its own, delegated authority. From police brutality and fabricated sexual abuse cases to an intervention into and overthrow of a customary government, Pasternak provides a compelling, richly detailed account of rarely documented coercive mechanisms employed to force Indigenous communities into compliance with federal policy. A rigorous account of the incredible struggle fought by the Algonquins to maintain responsibility over their territory,\\\\textlessem\\\\textgreaterGrounded Authority\\\\textless/em\\\\textgreaterprovides a powerful alternative model to one nation's land claims policy and a vital contribution to current debates in the study of colonialism and Indigenous peoples in North America and globally.\",\"urldate\":\"2024-08-14\",\"publisher\":\"University of Minnesota Press\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Pasternak\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Shiri\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"year\":\"2017\",\"bibtex\":\"@book{pasternak_grounded_2017,\\n\\ttitle = {Grounded {Authority}: {The} {Algonquins} of {Barriere} {Lake} against the {State}},\\n\\tisbn = {978-0-8166-9834-9},\\n\\turl = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.5749/j.ctt1pv88w3},\\n\\tabstract = {Since Justin Trudeau's election in 2015, Canada has been hailed internationally as embarking on a truly progressive, post-postcolonial era-including an improved relationship between the state and its Indigenous peoples. Shiri Pasternak corrects this misconception, showing that colonialism is very much alive in Canada. From the perspective of Indigenous law and jurisdiction, she tells the story of the Algonquins of Barriere Lake, in western Quebec, and their tireless resistance to federal land claims policy.  {\\\\textless}em{\\\\textgreater}Grounded Authority{\\\\textless}/em{\\\\textgreater}chronicles the band's ongoing attempts to restore full governance over its lands and natural resources through an agreement signed by settler governments almost three decades ago-an agreement the state refuses to fully implement. Pasternak argues that the state's aversion to recognizing Algonquin jurisdiction stems from its goal of perfecting its sovereignty by replacing the inherent jurisdiction of Indigenous peoples with its own, delegated authority. From police brutality and fabricated sexual abuse cases to an intervention into and overthrow of a customary government, Pasternak provides a compelling, richly detailed account of rarely documented coercive mechanisms employed to force Indigenous communities into compliance with federal policy.  A rigorous account of the incredible struggle fought by the Algonquins to maintain responsibility over their territory,{\\\\textless}em{\\\\textgreater}Grounded Authority{\\\\textless}/em{\\\\textgreater}provides a powerful alternative model to one nation's land claims policy and a vital contribution to current debates in the study of colonialism and Indigenous peoples in North America and globally.},\\n\\turldate = {2024-08-14},\\n\\tpublisher = {University of Minnesota Press},\\n\\tauthor = {Pasternak, Shiri},\\n\\tyear = {2017},\\n}\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Pasternak, S.\"],\"key\":\"pasternak_grounded_2017\",\"id\":\"pasternak_grounded_2017\",\"bibbaseid\":\"pasternak-groundedauthoritythealgonquinsofbarrierelakeagainstthestate-2017\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{\"Paper\":\"http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.5749/j.ctt1pv88w3\"},\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"book\",\"type\":\"book\",\"title\":\"When the State Meets the Street: Public Service and Moral Agency\",\"isbn\":\"978-0-674-54554-0\",\"shorttitle\":\"When the State Meets the Street\",\"abstract\":\"Bernardo Zacka probes the complex moral lives of street-level bureaucratsÑthe frontline social and welfare workers, police officers, and educators who represent governmentÕs human face to ordinary citizens. Too often dismissed as soulless operators, these workers wield significant discretion and make decisions that profoundly affect peopleÕs lives.\",\"language\":\"en\",\"publisher\":\"Harvard University Press\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Zacka\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Bernardo\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"month\":\"September\",\"year\":\"2017\",\"note\":\"Google-Books-ID: 3KdFDwAAQBAJ\",\"keywords\":\"Philosophy / Ethics & Moral Philosophy, Philosophy / Political, Political Science / American Government / Local, Political Science / History & Theory, Political Science / Public Affairs & Administration, Political Science / Public Policy / Social Services & Welfare\",\"bibtex\":\"@book{zacka_when_2017,\\n\\ttitle = {When the {State} {Meets} the {Street}: {Public} {Service} and {Moral} {Agency}},\\n\\tisbn = {978-0-674-54554-0},\\n\\tshorttitle = {When the {State} {Meets} the {Street}},\\n\\tabstract = {Bernardo Zacka probes the complex moral lives of street-level bureaucratsÑthe frontline social and welfare workers, police officers, and educators who represent governmentÕs human face to ordinary citizens. Too often dismissed as soulless operators, these workers wield significant discretion and make decisions that profoundly affect peopleÕs lives.},\\n\\tlanguage = {en},\\n\\tpublisher = {Harvard University Press},\\n\\tauthor = {Zacka, Bernardo},\\n\\tmonth = sep,\\n\\tyear = {2017},\\n\\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: 3KdFDwAAQBAJ},\\n\\tkeywords = {Philosophy / Ethics \\\\& Moral Philosophy, Philosophy / Political, Political Science / American Government / Local, Political Science / History \\\\& Theory, Political Science / Public Affairs \\\\& Administration, Political Science / Public Policy / Social Services \\\\& Welfare},\\n}\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Zacka, B.\"],\"key\":\"zacka_when_2017\",\"id\":\"zacka_when_2017\",\"bibbaseid\":\"zacka-whenthestatemeetsthestreetpublicserviceandmoralagency-2017\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{},\"keyword\":[\"Philosophy / Ethics & Moral Philosophy\",\"Philosophy / Political\",\"Political Science / American Government / Local\",\"Political Science / History & Theory\",\"Political Science / Public Affairs & Administration\",\"Political Science / Public Policy / Social Services & Welfare\"],\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"book\",\"type\":\"book\",\"title\":\"Resource Radicals: From Petro-Nationalism to Post-Extractivism in Ecuador\",\"isbn\":\"978-1-4780-1212-2\",\"shorttitle\":\"Resource Radicals\",\"url\":\"https://www.dukeupress.edu/resource-radicals\",\"abstract\":\"In 2007, the left came to power in Ecuador. In the years that followed, the “twenty-first-century socialist” government and a coalition of grassroots activists came to blows over the extraction of natural resources. Each side declared the other a perversion of leftism and the principles of socioeconomic equality, popular empowerment, and anti-imperialism. In Resource Radicals, Thea Riofrancos unpacks the conflict between these two leftisms: on the one hand, the administration's resource nationalism and focus on economic development; and on the other, the anti-extractivism of grassroots activists who condemned the government's disregard for nature and indigenous communities. In this archival and ethnographic study, Riofrancos expands the study of resource politics by decentering state resource policy and locating it in a field of political struggle populated by actors with conflicting visions of resource extraction. She demonstrates how Ecuador's commodity-dependent economy and history of indigenous uprisings offer a unique opportunity to understand development, democracy, and the ecological foundations of global capitalism.\",\"language\":\"en\",\"publisher\":\"Duke University Press\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Riofrancos\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Thea\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"month\":\"July\",\"year\":\"2020\",\"note\":\"Google-Books-ID: nATzDwAAQBAJ\",\"keywords\":\"History / Latin America / South America, Political Science / Public Policy / Energy Policy, Social Science / Anthropology / Cultural & Social\",\"bibtex\":\"@book{riofrancos_resource_2020,\\n\\ttitle = {Resource {Radicals}: {From} {Petro}-{Nationalism} to {Post}-{Extractivism} in {Ecuador}},\\n\\tisbn = {978-1-4780-1212-2},\\n\\tshorttitle = {Resource {Radicals}},\\n\\turl = {https://www.dukeupress.edu/resource-radicals},\\n\\tabstract = {In 2007, the left came to power in Ecuador. In the years that followed, the “twenty-first-century socialist” government and a coalition of grassroots activists came to blows over the extraction of natural resources. Each side declared the other a perversion of leftism and the principles of socioeconomic equality, popular empowerment, and anti-imperialism. In Resource Radicals, Thea Riofrancos unpacks the conflict between these two leftisms: on the one hand, the administration's resource nationalism and focus on economic development; and on the other, the anti-extractivism of grassroots activists who condemned the government's disregard for nature and indigenous communities. In this archival and ethnographic study, Riofrancos expands the study of resource politics by decentering state resource policy and locating it in a field of political struggle populated by actors with conflicting visions of resource extraction. She demonstrates how Ecuador's commodity-dependent economy and history of indigenous uprisings offer a unique opportunity to understand development, democracy, and the ecological foundations of global capitalism.},\\n\\tlanguage = {en},\\n\\tpublisher = {Duke University Press},\\n\\tauthor = {Riofrancos, Thea},\\n\\tmonth = jul,\\n\\tyear = {2020},\\n\\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: nATzDwAAQBAJ},\\n\\tkeywords = {History / Latin America / South America, Political Science / Public Policy / Energy Policy, Social Science / Anthropology / Cultural \\\\& Social},\\n}\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Riofrancos, T.\"],\"key\":\"riofrancos_resource_2020\",\"id\":\"riofrancos_resource_2020\",\"bibbaseid\":\"riofrancos-resourceradicalsfrompetronationalismtopostextractivisminecuador-2020\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{\"Paper\":\"https://www.dukeupress.edu/resource-radicals\"},\"keyword\":[\"History / Latin America / South America\",\"Political Science / Public Policy / Energy Policy\",\"Social Science / Anthropology / Cultural & Social\"],\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"book\",\"type\":\"book\",\"address\":\"Stanford\",\"title\":\"Slow Anti-Americanism: Social Movements and Symbolic Politics in Central Asia\",\"isbn\":\"978-1-5036-1369-0\",\"shorttitle\":\"Slow Anti-Americanism\",\"abstract\":\"Negative views of the United States abound, but we know too little about how such views affect politics. Drawing on careful research on post-Soviet Central Asia, Edward Schatz argues that anti-Americanism is best seen not as a rising tide that swamps or as a conflagration that overwhelms. Rather, \\\"America\\\" is a symbolic resource that resides quietly in the mundane but always has potential value for social and political mobilizers. Using a wide range of evidence and a novel analytic framework, Schatz considers how Islamist movements, human rights activists, and labor mobilizers across Central Asia avail themselves of this fact, thus changing their ability to pursue their respective agendas. By refocusing our analytic gaze away from high politics, he affords us a clearer view of the slower-moving, partially occluded, and socially embedded processes that ground how \\\"America\\\" becomes political. In turn, we gain a nuanced appreciation of the downstream effects of US foreign policy choices and a sober sense of the challenges posed by the politics of traveling images.Most treatments of anti-Americanism focus on politics in the realm of presidential elections and foreign policies. By focusing instead on symbols, Schatz lays bare how changing public attitudes shift social relations in politically significant ways, and considers how changing symbolic depictions of the United States recombine the raw material available for social mobilizers. Just like sediment traveling along waterways before reaching its final destination, the raw material that constitutes symbolic America can travel among various social groups, and can settle into place to form the basis of new social meanings. Symbolic America, Schatz shows us, matters for politics in Central Asia and beyond.\",\"publisher\":\"Stanford University Press\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Schatz\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Edward\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"year\":\"2021\",\"keywords\":\"Asian Studies, Politics – International Affairs\",\"bibtex\":\"@book{schatz_slow_2021,\\n\\taddress = {Stanford},\\n\\ttitle = {Slow {Anti}-{Americanism}: {Social} {Movements} and {Symbolic} {Politics} in {Central} {Asia}},\\n\\tisbn = {978-1-5036-1369-0},\\n\\tshorttitle = {Slow {Anti}-{Americanism}},\\n\\tabstract = {Negative views of the United States abound, but we know too little about how such views affect politics. Drawing on careful research on post-Soviet Central Asia, Edward Schatz argues that anti-Americanism is best seen not as a rising tide that swamps or as a conflagration that overwhelms. Rather, \\\"America\\\" is a symbolic resource that resides quietly in the mundane but always has potential value for social and political mobilizers. Using a wide range of evidence and a novel analytic framework, Schatz considers how Islamist movements, human rights activists, and labor mobilizers across Central Asia avail themselves of this fact, thus changing their ability to pursue their respective agendas. By refocusing our analytic gaze away from high politics, he affords us a clearer view of the slower-moving, partially occluded, and socially embedded processes that ground how \\\"America\\\" becomes political. In turn, we gain a nuanced appreciation of the downstream effects of US foreign policy choices and a sober sense of the challenges posed by the politics of traveling images.Most treatments of anti-Americanism focus on politics in the realm of presidential elections and foreign policies. By focusing instead on symbols, Schatz lays bare how changing public attitudes shift social relations in politically significant ways, and considers how changing symbolic depictions of the United States recombine the raw material available for social mobilizers. Just like sediment traveling along waterways before reaching its final destination, the raw material that constitutes symbolic America can travel among various social groups, and can settle into place to form the basis of new social meanings. Symbolic America, Schatz shows us, matters for politics in Central Asia and beyond.},\\n\\tpublisher = {Stanford University Press},\\n\\tauthor = {Schatz, Edward},\\n\\tyear = {2021},\\n\\tkeywords = {Asian Studies, Politics -- International Affairs},\\n}\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Schatz, E.\"],\"key\":\"schatz_slow_2021\",\"id\":\"schatz_slow_2021\",\"bibbaseid\":\"schatz-slowantiamericanismsocialmovementsandsymbolicpoliticsincentralasia-2021\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{},\"keyword\":[\"Asian Studies\",\"Politics – International Affairs\"],\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"book\",\"type\":\"book\",\"title\":\"Empires of Vice: The Rise of Opium Prohibition across Southeast Asia\",\"volume\":\"11\",\"isbn\":\"978-0-691-17240-8\",\"url\":\"http://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctvp7d4p6\",\"abstract\":\"\\\\textlessstrong\\\\textgreaterA history of opium's dramatic fall from favor in colonial Southeast Asia\\\\textless/strong\\\\textgreater During the late nineteenth century, opium was integral to European colonial rule in Southeast Asia. The taxation of opium was a major source of revenue for British and French colonizers, who also derived moral authority from imposing a tax on a peculiar vice of their non-European subjects. Yet between the 1890s and the 1940s, colonial states began to ban opium, upsetting the very foundations of overseas rule-how did this happen? \\\\textlessem\\\\textgreaterEmpires of Vice\\\\textless/em\\\\textgreater traces the history of this dramatic reversal, revealing the colonial legacies that set the stage for the region's drug problems today. Diana Kim challenges the conventional wisdom about opium prohibition-that it came about because doctors awoke to the dangers of drug addiction or that it was a response to moral crusaders-uncovering a more complex story deep within the colonial bureaucracy. Drawing on a wealth of archival evidence across Southeast Asia and Europe, she shows how prohibition was made possible by the pivotal contributions of seemingly weak bureaucratic officials. Comparing British and French experiences across today's Burma, Cambodia, Laos, Malaysia, Singapore, and Vietnam, Kim examines how the everyday work of local administrators delegitimized the taxing of opium, which in turn made major anti-opium reforms possible. \\\\textlessem\\\\textgreaterEmpires of Vice\\\\textless/em\\\\textgreater reveals the inner life of colonial bureaucracy, illuminating how European rulers reconfigured their opium-entangled foundations of governance and shaped Southeast Asia's political economy of illicit drugs and the punitive state.\",\"urldate\":\"2024-08-14\",\"publisher\":\"Princeton University Press\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Kim\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Diana\",\"S.\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"year\":\"2020\",\"doi\":\"10.2307/j.ctvp7d4p6\",\"bibtex\":\"@book{kim_empires_2020,\\n\\ttitle = {Empires of {Vice}: {The} {Rise} of {Opium} {Prohibition} across {Southeast} {Asia}},\\n\\tvolume = {11},\\n\\tisbn = {978-0-691-17240-8},\\n\\turl = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctvp7d4p6},\\n\\tabstract = {{\\\\textless}strong{\\\\textgreater}A history of opium's dramatic fall from favor in\\ncolonial Southeast Asia{\\\\textless}/strong{\\\\textgreater} During the late nineteenth\\ncentury, opium was integral to European colonial rule in Southeast Asia. The taxation of opium was a major source of revenue for\\nBritish and French colonizers, who also derived moral authority\\nfrom imposing a tax on a peculiar vice of their non-European\\nsubjects. Yet between the 1890s and the 1940s, colonial states\\nbegan to ban opium, upsetting the very foundations of overseas\\nrule-how did this happen? {\\\\textless}em{\\\\textgreater}Empires of Vice{\\\\textless}/em{\\\\textgreater} traces the\\nhistory of this dramatic reversal, revealing the colonial legacies that set the stage for the region's drug problems today. Diana Kim challenges the conventional wisdom about opium prohibition-that it came about because doctors awoke to the dangers of drug addiction or that it was a response to moral crusaders-uncovering a more\\ncomplex story deep within the colonial bureaucracy. Drawing on a\\nwealth of archival evidence across Southeast Asia and Europe, she shows how prohibition was made possible by the pivotal\\ncontributions of seemingly weak bureaucratic officials. Comparing British and French experiences across today's Burma, Cambodia,\\nLaos, Malaysia, Singapore, and Vietnam, Kim examines how the\\neveryday work of local administrators delegitimized the taxing of opium, which in turn made major anti-opium reforms possible.\\n{\\\\textless}em{\\\\textgreater}Empires of Vice{\\\\textless}/em{\\\\textgreater} reveals the inner life of colonial\\nbureaucracy, illuminating how European rulers reconfigured their\\nopium-entangled foundations of governance and shaped Southeast\\nAsia's political economy of illicit drugs and the punitive\\nstate.},\\n\\turldate = {2024-08-14},\\n\\tpublisher = {Princeton University Press},\\n\\tauthor = {Kim, Diana S.},\\n\\tyear = {2020},\\n\\tdoi = {10.2307/j.ctvp7d4p6},\\n}\\n\\n\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Kim, D. S.\"],\"key\":\"kim_empires_2020\",\"id\":\"kim_empires_2020\",\"bibbaseid\":\"kim-empiresofvicetheriseofopiumprohibitionacrosssoutheastasia-2020\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{\"Paper\":\"http://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctvp7d4p6\"},\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"book\",\"type\":\"book\",\"address\":\"Stanford\",\"title\":\"Marriage Unbound: State Law, Power, and Inequality in Contemporary China\",\"isbn\":\"978-1-5036-1314-0\",\"shorttitle\":\"Marriage Unbound\",\"abstract\":\"China after Mao has undergone vast transformations, including massive rural-to-urban migration, rising divorce rates, and the steady expansion of the country's legal system. Today, divorce may appear a private concern, when in fact it is a profoundly political matter—especially in a national context where marriage was and has continued to be a key vehicle for nation-state building. Marriage Unbound focuses on the politics of divorce cases in contemporary China, following a group of women seeking judicial remedies for conjugal grievances and disputes.Drawing on extensive archival and ethnographic data, paired with unprecedented access to rural Chinese courtrooms, Ke Li presents not only a stirring portrayal of how these women navigate divorce litigation, but also a uniquely in-depth account of the modern Chinese legal system. With sensitive and fluid prose, Li reveals the struggles between the powerful and the powerless at the front lines of dispute management; the complex interplay between culture and the state; and insidious statecraft that far too often sacrifices women's rights and interests. Ultimately, this book shows how women's legal mobilization and rights contention can forge new ground for our understanding of law, politics, and inequality in an authoritarian regime.\",\"publisher\":\"Stanford University Press\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Li\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Ke\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"year\":\"2022\",\"keywords\":\"Asian Studies, Law – Race and Gender, Politics – Comparative Politics, Sociology – Gender and Sexuality\",\"bibtex\":\"@book{li_marriage_2022,\\n\\taddress = {Stanford},\\n\\ttitle = {Marriage {Unbound}: {State} {Law}, {Power}, and {Inequality} in {Contemporary} {China}},\\n\\tisbn = {978-1-5036-1314-0},\\n\\tshorttitle = {Marriage {Unbound}},\\n\\tabstract = {China after Mao has undergone vast transformations, including massive rural-to-urban migration, rising divorce rates, and the steady expansion of the country's legal system. Today, divorce may appear a private concern, when in fact it is a profoundly political matter—especially in a national context where marriage was and has continued to be a key vehicle for nation-state building. Marriage Unbound focuses on the politics of divorce cases in contemporary China, following a group of women seeking judicial remedies for conjugal grievances and disputes.Drawing on extensive archival and ethnographic data, paired with unprecedented access to rural Chinese courtrooms, Ke Li presents not only a stirring portrayal of how these women navigate divorce litigation, but also a uniquely in-depth account of the modern Chinese legal system. With sensitive and fluid prose, Li reveals the struggles between the powerful and the powerless at the front lines of dispute management; the complex interplay between culture and the state; and insidious statecraft that far too often sacrifices women's rights and interests. Ultimately, this book shows how women's legal mobilization and rights contention can forge new ground for our understanding of law, politics, and inequality in an authoritarian regime.},\\n\\tpublisher = {Stanford University Press},\\n\\tauthor = {Li, Ke},\\n\\tyear = {2022},\\n\\tkeywords = {Asian Studies, Law -- Race and Gender, Politics -- Comparative Politics, Sociology -- Gender and Sexuality},\\n}\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Li, K.\"],\"key\":\"li_marriage_2022\",\"id\":\"li_marriage_2022\",\"bibbaseid\":\"li-marriageunboundstatelawpowerandinequalityincontemporarychina-2022\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{},\"keyword\":[\"Asian Studies\",\"Law – Race and Gender\",\"Politics – Comparative Politics\",\"Sociology – Gender and Sexuality\"],\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"misc\",\"type\":\"misc\",\"title\":\"A meta-categorical framework for relational policy theory: re-imagining the Multiple Streams Framework (Nick Turnbull)\",\"copyright\":\"http://www.anu.edu.au/copyright/\",\"shorttitle\":\"A meta-categorical framework for relational policy theory\",\"url\":\"https://politicsir.cass.anu.edu.au/events/meta-categorical-framework-relational-policy-theory-re-imagining-multiple-streams\",\"abstract\":\"Tripartite theoretical frameworks and metaphors are common in policy theory. We argue that these frameworks have been misapplied, being construed ontologically when they are, in fact, categories of questions. The ontological reading generates a theoretical obstacle in presupposing an assumption of independence of the three categories. We illustrate this in the case of the Multiple Streams Framework. A philosophical analysis rejects the ontological reading to ground the tripartite framework in a generalized meta-categorical framework, grounded in questioning and argumentation.\",\"language\":\"en-AU\",\"urldate\":\"2024-08-14\",\"journal\":\"School of Politics & International Relations\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"School\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Head\",\"of\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"firstnames\":[],\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"admin.rsss@anu.edu.au\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"month\":\"February\",\"year\":\"2022\",\"note\":\"Last Modified: 2022-08-29T14:20:13+10:00 Publisher: The Australian National University\",\"bibtex\":\"@misc{school_meta-categorical_2022,\\n\\ttitle = {A meta-categorical framework for relational policy theory: re-imagining the {Multiple} {Streams} {Framework} ({Nick} {Turnbull})},\\n\\tcopyright = {http://www.anu.edu.au/copyright/},\\n\\tshorttitle = {A meta-categorical framework for relational policy theory},\\n\\turl = {https://politicsir.cass.anu.edu.au/events/meta-categorical-framework-relational-policy-theory-re-imagining-multiple-streams},\\n\\tabstract = {Tripartite theoretical frameworks and metaphors are common in policy theory. We argue that these frameworks have been misapplied, being construed ontologically when they are, in fact, categories of questions. The ontological reading generates a theoretical obstacle in presupposing an assumption of independence of the three categories. We illustrate this in the case of the Multiple Streams Framework. A philosophical analysis rejects the ontological reading to ground the tripartite framework in a generalized meta-categorical framework, grounded in questioning and argumentation.},\\n\\tlanguage = {en-AU},\\n\\turldate = {2024-08-14},\\n\\tjournal = {School of Politics \\\\& International Relations},\\n\\tauthor = {School, Head of and admin.rsss@anu.edu.au},\\n\\tmonth = feb,\\n\\tyear = {2022},\\n\\tnote = {Last Modified: 2022-08-29T14:20:13+10:00\\nPublisher: The Australian National University},\\n}\\n\\n\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"School, H. o.\",\"admin.rsss@anu.edu.au\"],\"key\":\"school_meta-categorical_2022\",\"id\":\"school_meta-categorical_2022\",\"bibbaseid\":\"school-adminrsssanueduau-ametacategoricalframeworkforrelationalpolicytheoryreimaginingthemultiplestreamsframeworknickturnbull-2022\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{\"Paper\":\"https://politicsir.cass.anu.edu.au/events/meta-categorical-framework-relational-policy-theory-re-imagining-multiple-streams\"},\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"misc\",\"type\":\"misc\",\"title\":\"Vision and method in global historical sociology (George Lawson)\",\"copyright\":\"http://www.anu.edu.au/copyright/\",\"url\":\"https://politicsir.cass.anu.edu.au/events/vision-and-method-global-historical-sociology-george-lawson\",\"abstract\":\"Historical sociology is a long-established interdisciplinary field concerned with incorporating temporality in the analysis of social processes. Global historical sociology examines the transnational and global features of these processes. It is premised on two interrelated dynamics: first, the global dynamics that enable the emergence, reproduction and breakdown of social forms; and second, the historical emergence, reproduction, and breakdown of transnational and global social forms.\",\"language\":\"en-AU\",\"urldate\":\"2024-08-14\",\"journal\":\"School of Politics & International Relations\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"School\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Head\",\"of\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"firstnames\":[],\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"admin.rsss@anu.edu.au\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"month\":\"September\",\"year\":\"2021\",\"note\":\"Last Modified: 2022-08-29T14:21:48+10:00 Publisher: The Australian National University\",\"bibtex\":\"@misc{school_vision_2021,\\n\\ttitle = {Vision and method in global historical sociology ({George} {Lawson})},\\n\\tcopyright = {http://www.anu.edu.au/copyright/},\\n\\turl = {https://politicsir.cass.anu.edu.au/events/vision-and-method-global-historical-sociology-george-lawson},\\n\\tabstract = {Historical sociology is a long-established interdisciplinary field concerned with incorporating temporality in the analysis of social processes. Global historical sociology examines the transnational and global features of these processes. It is premised on two interrelated dynamics: first, the global dynamics that enable the emergence, reproduction and breakdown of social forms; and second, the historical emergence, reproduction, and breakdown of transnational and global social forms.},\\n\\tlanguage = {en-AU},\\n\\turldate = {2024-08-14},\\n\\tjournal = {School of Politics \\\\& International Relations},\\n\\tauthor = {School, Head of and admin.rsss@anu.edu.au},\\n\\tmonth = sep,\\n\\tyear = {2021},\\n\\tnote = {Last Modified: 2022-08-29T14:21:48+10:00\\nPublisher: The Australian National University},\\n}\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"School, H. o.\",\"admin.rsss@anu.edu.au\"],\"key\":\"school_vision_2021\",\"id\":\"school_vision_2021\",\"bibbaseid\":\"school-adminrsssanueduau-visionandmethodinglobalhistoricalsociologygeorgelawson-2021\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{\"Paper\":\"https://politicsir.cass.anu.edu.au/events/vision-and-method-global-historical-sociology-george-lawson\"},\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"misc\",\"type\":\"misc\",\"title\":\"Three Faces of Revolution: Egypt and Other Places (Mona El-Ghobashy)\",\"copyright\":\"http://www.anu.edu.au/copyright/\",\"shorttitle\":\"Three Faces of Revolution\",\"url\":\"https://politicsir.cass.anu.edu.au/events/three-faces-revolution-egypt-and-other-places-mona-el-ghobashy\",\"abstract\":\"The Arab uprisings of 2010-11 renewed scholarly interest in revolutions as a conceptual category. At the same time, ‘democratic transition’ was also widely used to analyze post-authoritarian polities. However, faced with the daunting complexity and breakneck speed of regional events, analysts began framing them in terms of absences, failures, and dysfunctions. It was common to write of the uprisings as inauthentic revolutions or failed democratic transitions.\",\"language\":\"en-AU\",\"urldate\":\"2024-08-14\",\"journal\":\"School of Politics & International Relations\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"School\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Head\",\"of\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"firstnames\":[],\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"admin.rsss@anu.edu.au\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"month\":\"February\",\"year\":\"2022\",\"note\":\"Last Modified: 2022-08-29T14:08:44+10:00 Publisher: The Australian National University\",\"bibtex\":\"@misc{school_three_2022,\\n\\ttitle = {Three {Faces} of {Revolution}: {Egypt} and {Other} {Places} ({Mona} {El}-{Ghobashy})},\\n\\tcopyright = {http://www.anu.edu.au/copyright/},\\n\\tshorttitle = {Three {Faces} of {Revolution}},\\n\\turl = {https://politicsir.cass.anu.edu.au/events/three-faces-revolution-egypt-and-other-places-mona-el-ghobashy},\\n\\tabstract = {The Arab uprisings of 2010-11 renewed scholarly interest in revolutions as a conceptual category. At the same time, ‘democratic transition’ was also widely used to analyze post-authoritarian polities. However, faced with the daunting complexity and breakneck speed of regional events, analysts began framing them in terms of absences, failures, and dysfunctions. It was common to write of the uprisings as inauthentic revolutions or failed democratic transitions.},\\n\\tlanguage = {en-AU},\\n\\turldate = {2024-08-14},\\n\\tjournal = {School of Politics \\\\& International Relations},\\n\\tauthor = {School, Head of and admin.rsss@anu.edu.au},\\n\\tmonth = feb,\\n\\tyear = {2022},\\n\\tnote = {Last Modified: 2022-08-29T14:08:44+10:00\\nPublisher: The Australian National University},\\n}\\n\\n\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"School, H. o.\",\"admin.rsss@anu.edu.au\"],\"key\":\"school_three_2022\",\"id\":\"school_three_2022\",\"bibbaseid\":\"school-adminrsssanueduau-threefacesofrevolutionegyptandotherplacesmonaelghobashy-2022\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{\"Paper\":\"https://politicsir.cass.anu.edu.au/events/three-faces-revolution-egypt-and-other-places-mona-el-ghobashy\"},\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"misc\",\"type\":\"misc\",\"title\":\"How I Studied Anti-Americanism: Reflections on Interpretivism, Eclecticism, and Coherence (Edward Schatz)\",\"copyright\":\"http://www.anu.edu.au/copyright/\",\"shorttitle\":\"How I Studied Anti-Americanism\",\"url\":\"https://politicsir.cass.anu.edu.au/events/how-i-studied-anti-americanism-reflections-interpretivism-eclecticism-and-coherence\",\"abstract\":\"How can social science research do justice to polysemy, ambiguity, dynamism, recursivity, indeterminacy, and contingency while making substantive, coherent truth-claims? In this talk, Edward Schatz reflects on the entirely messy processes that helped to produce his recent book Slow Anti-Americanism: Symbolic Politics and Social Movements in Central Asia (Stanford, 2021).\",\"language\":\"en-AU\",\"urldate\":\"2024-08-14\",\"journal\":\"School of Politics & International Relations\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"School\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Head\",\"of\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"firstnames\":[],\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"admin.rsss@anu.edu.au\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"month\":\"February\",\"year\":\"2022\",\"note\":\"Last Modified: 2022-08-24T12:43:43+10:00 Publisher: The Australian National University\",\"bibtex\":\"@misc{school_how_2022,\\n\\ttitle = {How {I} {Studied} {Anti}-{Americanism}: {Reflections} on {Interpretivism}, {Eclecticism}, and {Coherence} ({Edward} {Schatz})},\\n\\tcopyright = {http://www.anu.edu.au/copyright/},\\n\\tshorttitle = {How {I} {Studied} {Anti}-{Americanism}},\\n\\turl = {https://politicsir.cass.anu.edu.au/events/how-i-studied-anti-americanism-reflections-interpretivism-eclecticism-and-coherence},\\n\\tabstract = {How can social science research do justice to polysemy, ambiguity, dynamism, recursivity, indeterminacy, and contingency while making substantive, coherent truth-claims? In this talk, Edward Schatz reflects on the entirely messy processes that helped to produce his recent book Slow Anti-Americanism: Symbolic Politics and Social Movements in Central Asia (Stanford, 2021).},\\n\\tlanguage = {en-AU},\\n\\turldate = {2024-08-14},\\n\\tjournal = {School of Politics \\\\& International Relations},\\n\\tauthor = {School, Head of and admin.rsss@anu.edu.au},\\n\\tmonth = feb,\\n\\tyear = {2022},\\n\\tnote = {Last Modified: 2022-08-24T12:43:43+10:00\\nPublisher: The Australian National University},\\n}\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"School, H. o.\",\"admin.rsss@anu.edu.au\"],\"key\":\"school_how_2022\",\"id\":\"school_how_2022\",\"bibbaseid\":\"school-adminrsssanueduau-howistudiedantiamericanismreflectionsoninterpretivismeclecticismandcoherenceedwardschatz-2022\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{\"Paper\":\"https://politicsir.cass.anu.edu.au/events/how-i-studied-anti-americanism-reflections-interpretivism-eclecticism-and-coherence\"},\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"misc\",\"type\":\"misc\",\"title\":\"Access and Ethics in Prison Research (Farah Godrej)\",\"copyright\":\"http://www.anu.edu.au/copyright/\",\"url\":\"https://politicsir.cass.anu.edu.au/events/access-and-ethics-prison-research-farah-godrej\",\"abstract\":\"How do the requirements of “scholarly” research—including and especially ethics reviews  by institutional bodies—serve to shape and constrain the access that researchers can gain to prisons?  How does it shape the researcher’s engagement with their incarcerated research participants?\",\"language\":\"en-AU\",\"urldate\":\"2024-08-14\",\"journal\":\"School of Politics & International Relations\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"School\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Head\",\"of\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"firstnames\":[],\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"admin.rsss@anu.edu.au\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"month\":\"February\",\"year\":\"2022\",\"note\":\"Last Modified: 2022-08-29T14:09:33+10:00 Publisher: The Australian National University\",\"bibtex\":\"@misc{school_access_2022,\\n\\ttitle = {Access and {Ethics} in {Prison} {Research} ({Farah} {Godrej})},\\n\\tcopyright = {http://www.anu.edu.au/copyright/},\\n\\turl = {https://politicsir.cass.anu.edu.au/events/access-and-ethics-prison-research-farah-godrej},\\n\\tabstract = {How do the requirements of “scholarly” research—including and especially ethics reviews  by institutional bodies—serve to shape and constrain the access that researchers can gain to prisons?  How does it shape the researcher’s engagement with their incarcerated research participants?},\\n\\tlanguage = {en-AU},\\n\\turldate = {2024-08-14},\\n\\tjournal = {School of Politics \\\\& International Relations},\\n\\tauthor = {School, Head of and admin.rsss@anu.edu.au},\\n\\tmonth = feb,\\n\\tyear = {2022},\\n\\tnote = {Last Modified: 2022-08-29T14:09:33+10:00\\nPublisher: The Australian National University},\\n}\\n\\n\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"School, H. o.\",\"admin.rsss@anu.edu.au\"],\"key\":\"school_access_2022\",\"id\":\"school_access_2022\",\"bibbaseid\":\"school-adminrsssanueduau-accessandethicsinprisonresearchfarahgodrej-2022\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{\"Paper\":\"https://politicsir.cass.anu.edu.au/events/access-and-ethics-prison-research-farah-godrej\"},\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"book\",\"type\":\"book\",\"address\":\"Stanford\",\"title\":\"Bread and Freedom: Egypt's Revolutionary Situation\",\"isbn\":\"978-1-5036-0176-5\",\"shorttitle\":\"Bread and Freedom\",\"abstract\":\"A multivocal account of why Egypt's defeated revolution remains a watershed in the country's political history.Bread and Freedom offers a new account of Egypt's 2011 revolutionary mobilization, based on a documentary record hidden in plain sight—party manifestos, military communiqués, open letters, constitutional contentions, protest slogans, parliamentary debates, and court decisions. A rich trove of political arguments, the sources reveal a range of actors vying over the fundamental question in politics: who holds ultimate political authority. The revolution's tangled events engaged competing claims to sovereignty made by insurgent forces and entrenched interests alike, a vital contest that was terminated by the 2013 military coup and its aftermath.Now a decade after the 2011 Arab uprisings, Mona El-Ghobashy rethinks how we study revolutions, looking past causes and consequences to train our sights on the collisions of revolutionary politics. She moves beyond the simple judgments that once celebrated Egypt's revolution as an awe-inspiring irruption of people power or now label it a tragic failure. Revisiting the revolutionary interregnum of 2011–2013, Bread and Freedom takes seriously the political conflicts that developed after the ouster of President Hosni Mubarak, an eventful thirty months when it was impossible to rule Egypt without the Egyptians.\",\"publisher\":\"Stanford University Press\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"El-Ghobashy\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Mona\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"year\":\"2021\",\"keywords\":\"Middle East Studies, Politics – Comparative Politics\",\"bibtex\":\"@book{el-ghobashy_bread_2021,\\n\\taddress = {Stanford},\\n\\ttitle = {Bread and {Freedom}: {Egypt}'s {Revolutionary} {Situation}},\\n\\tisbn = {978-1-5036-0176-5},\\n\\tshorttitle = {Bread and {Freedom}},\\n\\tabstract = {A multivocal account of why Egypt's defeated revolution remains a watershed in the country's political history.Bread and Freedom offers a new account of Egypt's 2011 revolutionary mobilization, based on a documentary record hidden in plain sight—party manifestos, military communiqués, open letters, constitutional contentions, protest slogans, parliamentary debates, and court decisions. A rich trove of political arguments, the sources reveal a range of actors vying over the fundamental question in politics: who holds ultimate political authority. The revolution's tangled events engaged competing claims to sovereignty made by insurgent forces and entrenched interests alike, a vital contest that was terminated by the 2013 military coup and its aftermath.Now a decade after the 2011 Arab uprisings, Mona El-Ghobashy rethinks how we study revolutions, looking past causes and consequences to train our sights on the collisions of revolutionary politics. She moves beyond the simple judgments that once celebrated Egypt's revolution as an awe-inspiring irruption of people power or now label it a tragic failure. Revisiting the revolutionary interregnum of 2011–2013, Bread and Freedom takes seriously the political conflicts that developed after the ouster of President Hosni Mubarak, an eventful thirty months when it was impossible to rule Egypt without the Egyptians.},\\n\\tpublisher = {Stanford University Press},\\n\\tauthor = {El-Ghobashy, Mona},\\n\\tyear = {2021},\\n\\tkeywords = {Middle East Studies, Politics -- Comparative Politics},\\n}\\n\\n\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"El-Ghobashy, M.\"],\"key\":\"el-ghobashy_bread_2021\",\"id\":\"el-ghobashy_bread_2021\",\"bibbaseid\":\"elghobashy-breadandfreedomegyptsrevolutionarysituation-2021\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{},\"keyword\":[\"Middle East Studies\",\"Politics – Comparative Politics\"],\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"book\",\"type\":\"book\",\"address\":\"Stanford\",\"title\":\"States of Subsistence: The Politics of Bread in Contemporary Jordan\",\"isbn\":\"978-1-5036-3036-9\",\"shorttitle\":\"States of Subsistence\",\"abstract\":\"On any given day in Jordan, more than nine million residents eat approximately ten million loaves of khubz 'arabi—the slightly leavened flatbread known to many as pita. Some rely on this bread to avoid starvation; for others it is a customary pleasure. Yet despite its ubiquity in accounts of Middle East politics and society, rarely do we consider how bread is prepared, consumed, discussed, and circulated—and what this all represents. With this book, José Ciro Martínez examines khubz 'arabi to unpack the effects of the welfare program that ensures its widespread availability.Drawing on more than a year working as a baker in Amman, Martínez probes the practices that underpin subsidized bread. Following bakers and bureaucrats, he offers an immersive examination of social welfare provision. Martínez argues that the state is best understood as the product of routine practices and actions, through which it becomes a stable truth in the lives of citizens. States of Subsistence not only describes logics of rule in contemporary Jordan—and the place of bread within them—but also unpacks how the state endures through forms, sensations, and practices amid the seemingly unglamorous and unspectacular day-to-day.\",\"publisher\":\"Stanford University Press\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Martínez\"],\"firstnames\":[\"José\",\"Ciro\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"year\":\"2022\",\"keywords\":\"Middle East Studies, Politics – Comparative Politics, Sociology – Economy and Work\",\"bibtex\":\"@book{martinez_states_2022,\\n\\taddress = {Stanford},\\n\\ttitle = {States of {Subsistence}: {The} {Politics} of {Bread} in {Contemporary} {Jordan}},\\n\\tisbn = {978-1-5036-3036-9},\\n\\tshorttitle = {States of {Subsistence}},\\n\\tabstract = {On any given day in Jordan, more than nine million residents eat approximately ten million loaves of khubz 'arabi—the slightly leavened flatbread known to many as pita. Some rely on this bread to avoid starvation; for others it is a customary pleasure. Yet despite its ubiquity in accounts of Middle East politics and society, rarely do we consider how bread is prepared, consumed, discussed, and circulated—and what this all represents. With this book, José Ciro Martínez examines khubz 'arabi to unpack the effects of the welfare program that ensures its widespread availability.Drawing on more than a year working as a baker in Amman, Martínez probes the practices that underpin subsidized bread. Following bakers and bureaucrats, he offers an immersive examination of social welfare provision. Martínez argues that the state is best understood as the product of routine practices and actions, through which it becomes a stable truth in the lives of citizens. States of Subsistence not only describes logics of rule in contemporary Jordan—and the place of bread within them—but also unpacks how the state endures through forms, sensations, and practices amid the seemingly unglamorous and unspectacular day-to-day.},\\n\\tpublisher = {Stanford University Press},\\n\\tauthor = {Martínez, José Ciro},\\n\\tyear = {2022},\\n\\tkeywords = {Middle East Studies, Politics -- Comparative Politics, Sociology -- Economy and Work},\\n}\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Martínez, J. C.\"],\"key\":\"martinez_states_2022\",\"id\":\"martinez_states_2022\",\"bibbaseid\":\"martnez-statesofsubsistencethepoliticsofbreadincontemporaryjordan-2022\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{},\"keyword\":[\"Middle East Studies\",\"Politics – Comparative Politics\",\"Sociology – Economy and Work\"],\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"book\",\"type\":\"book\",\"title\":\"Interpreting Racial Politics in the United States\",\"isbn\":\"978-1-138-20432-4\",\"url\":\"https://www.routledge.com/Interpreting-Racial-Politics-in-the-United-States/SchmidtSr/p/book/9781138204324\",\"abstract\":\"Few subjects of social scientific inquiry need interpretive analysis more than the topic of racial politics, yet most US political science employs a narrowly behavioralist orientation. This book argues that it is time for political scientists studying race to more fully engage the issues that generate its political significance. Drawing on the work of interpretive political scholars and methods, Ron Schmidt, Sr. addresses core questions regarding racial politics in the US to demonstrate the valu\",\"language\":\"en\",\"urldate\":\"2024-08-14\",\"publisher\":\"Routledge\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Schmidt\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Ronald\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"month\":\"December\",\"year\":\"2020\",\"bibtex\":\"@book{schmidt_interpreting_2020,\\n\\ttitle = {Interpreting {Racial} {Politics} in the {United} {States}},\\n\\tisbn = {978-1-138-20432-4},\\n\\turl = {https://www.routledge.com/Interpreting-Racial-Politics-in-the-United-States/SchmidtSr/p/book/9781138204324},\\n\\tabstract = {Few subjects of social scientific inquiry need interpretive analysis more than the topic of racial politics, yet most US political science employs a narrowly behavioralist orientation. This book argues that it is time for political scientists studying race to more fully engage the issues that generate its political significance.\\nDrawing on the work of interpretive political scholars and methods, Ron Schmidt, Sr. addresses core questions regarding racial politics in the US to demonstrate the valu},\\n\\tlanguage = {en},\\n\\turldate = {2024-08-14},\\n\\tpublisher = {Routledge},\\n\\tauthor = {Schmidt, Ronald},\\n\\tmonth = dec,\\n\\tyear = {2020},\\n}\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Schmidt, R.\"],\"key\":\"schmidt_interpreting_2020\",\"id\":\"schmidt_interpreting_2020\",\"bibbaseid\":\"schmidt-interpretingracialpoliticsintheunitedstates-2020\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{\"Paper\":\"https://www.routledge.com/Interpreting-Racial-Politics-in-the-United-States/SchmidtSr/p/book/9781138204324\"},\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"book\",\"type\":\"book\",\"title\":\"Reproductive Politics in the United States\",\"isbn\":\"978-1-351-68956-4\",\"url\":\"https://www.routledge.com/Reproductive-Politics-in-the-United-States/Price/p/book/9781138049307?utm_source=individuals&utm_medium=shared_link&utm_campaign=B021702_hg2_1au_7pp_d876\",\"abstract\":\"Reproductive Politics in the United States is a concise, accessible, and engaging introduction to what continues to be a contentious and polarizing topic in the United States. Focusing on the current debates, controversies, and realities of reproductive justice, this text seeks to examine the historical, social and cultural forces that shape those politics. Making use of an explicitly feminist framework, the book analyzes how the intersections of gender, race, ethnicity, class, sexuality, and other markers of difference are implicated in protest and policy.This is a primer for Women’s and Gender Studies students, and for those coming to the topic for the first time.\",\"language\":\"en\",\"publisher\":\"Routledge\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Price\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Kimala\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"month\":\"December\",\"year\":\"2021\",\"note\":\"Google-Books-ID: X01SEAAAQBAJ\",\"keywords\":\"History / General, Social Science / Anthropology / Cultural & Social, Social Science / Feminism & Feminist Theory, Social Science / Gender Studies, Social Science / Men's Studies, Social Science / Sociology / General, Social Science / Women's Studies\",\"bibtex\":\"@book{price_reproductive_2021,\\n\\ttitle = {Reproductive {Politics} in the {United} {States}},\\n\\tisbn = {978-1-351-68956-4},\\n\\turl = {https://www.routledge.com/Reproductive-Politics-in-the-United-States/Price/p/book/9781138049307?utm_source=individuals&utm_medium=shared_link&utm_campaign=B021702_hg2_1au_7pp_d876},\\n\\tabstract = {Reproductive Politics in the United States is a concise, accessible, and engaging introduction to what continues to be a contentious and polarizing topic in the United States. Focusing on the current debates, controversies, and realities of reproductive justice, this text seeks to examine the historical, social and cultural forces that shape those politics. Making use of an explicitly feminist framework, the book analyzes how the intersections of gender, race, ethnicity, class, sexuality, and other markers of difference are implicated in protest and policy.This is a primer for Women’s and Gender Studies students, and for those coming to the topic for the first time.},\\n\\tlanguage = {en},\\n\\tpublisher = {Routledge},\\n\\tauthor = {Price, Kimala},\\n\\tmonth = dec,\\n\\tyear = {2021},\\n\\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: X01SEAAAQBAJ},\\n\\tkeywords = {History / General, Social Science / Anthropology / Cultural \\\\& Social, Social Science / Feminism \\\\& Feminist Theory, Social Science / Gender Studies, Social Science / Men's Studies, Social Science / Sociology / General, Social Science / Women's Studies},\\n}\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Price, K.\"],\"key\":\"price_reproductive_2021\",\"id\":\"price_reproductive_2021\",\"bibbaseid\":\"price-reproductivepoliticsintheunitedstates-2021\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{\"Paper\":\"https://www.routledge.com/Reproductive-Politics-in-the-United-States/Price/p/book/9781138049307?utm_source=individuals&utm_medium=shared_link&utm_campaign=B021702_hg2_1au_7pp_d876\"},\"keyword\":[\"History / General\",\"Social Science / Anthropology / Cultural & Social\",\"Social Science / Feminism & Feminist Theory\",\"Social Science / Gender Studies\",\"Social Science / Men's Studies\",\"Social Science / Sociology / General\",\"Social Science / Women's Studies\"],\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"book\",\"type\":\"book\",\"title\":\"Sovereignty and the Denial of International Equality: Writing Civilisational Difference in Early Modern International Relations\",\"isbn\":\"978-1-03-202044-0\",\"shorttitle\":\"Sovereignty and the Denial of International Equality\",\"url\":\"https://www.routledge.com/Sovereignty-and-the-Denial-of-International-Equality-Writing-Civilisational-Difference-in-Early-Modern-International-Relations/Mathieu/p/book/9781032020440\",\"abstract\":\"This book asks whether sovereignty can guarantee international equality by exploring the discourses of sovereignty and their reliance on the notions of civilisation and savagery in two historical colonial encounters: the French explorations of Canada in the 16th century and the domestic troubles linked to the Wars of Religion. Presenting the concept of ‘civilised sovereignty’, Mathieu reveals the interplay between the domestic and external claims to sovereignty, and offers a dynamic analysis\",\"language\":\"en\",\"urldate\":\"2024-08-14\",\"publisher\":\"Routledge\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Mathieu\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Xavier\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"month\":\"May\",\"year\":\"2023\",\"bibtex\":\"@book{mathieu_sovereignty_2023,\\n\\ttitle = {Sovereignty and the {Denial} of {International} {Equality}: {Writing} {Civilisational} {Difference} in {Early} {Modern} {International} {Relations}},\\n\\tisbn = {978-1-03-202044-0},\\n\\tshorttitle = {Sovereignty and the {Denial} of {International} {Equality}},\\n\\turl = {https://www.routledge.com/Sovereignty-and-the-Denial-of-International-Equality-Writing-Civilisational-Difference-in-Early-Modern-International-Relations/Mathieu/p/book/9781032020440},\\n\\tabstract = {This book asks whether sovereignty can guarantee international equality by exploring the discourses of sovereignty and their reliance on the notions of civilisation and savagery in two historical colonial encounters: the French explorations of Canada in the 16th century and the domestic troubles linked to the Wars of Religion.\\nPresenting the concept of ‘civilised sovereignty’, Mathieu reveals the interplay between the domestic and external claims to sovereignty, and offers a dynamic analysis},\\n\\tlanguage = {en},\\n\\turldate = {2024-08-14},\\n\\tpublisher = {Routledge},\\n\\tauthor = {Mathieu, Xavier},\\n\\tmonth = may,\\n\\tyear = {2023},\\n}\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Mathieu, X.\"],\"key\":\"mathieu_sovereignty_2023\",\"id\":\"mathieu_sovereignty_2023\",\"bibbaseid\":\"mathieu-sovereigntyandthedenialofinternationalequalitywritingcivilisationaldifferenceinearlymoderninternationalrelations-2023\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{\"Paper\":\"https://www.routledge.com/Sovereignty-and-the-Denial-of-International-Equality-Writing-Civilisational-Difference-in-Early-Modern-International-Relations/Mathieu/p/book/9781032020440\"},\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"book\",\"type\":\"book\",\"title\":\"Law and the Kinetic Environment: Regulating Dynamic Landscapes\",\"isbn\":\"978-1-315-30935-4\",\"shorttitle\":\"Law and the Kinetic Environment\",\"abstract\":\"This book addresses the legal-geographical implications of the fact that landscapes are not static, but dynamic. Within the field of legal geography, the spatial relationship of law to landscape is usually considered to be static. Environments are often considered fixed, and consequently inert, as places that literally don’t go anywhere. Typically, then, it is what happens in these places, rather than the place itself, that commands academic attention. In contrast to this static viewpoint, Law and the Kinetic Environment considers how many landscapes are in flux and, as a result, may be seen as dynamic. Natural phenomena, such as oozing lava, moving glaciers, or bubbling geothermal pools, challenge and test the normative conceptualizations of stability of place, property ownership, and legal regulation. Consequently, such dynamic landscapes enliven and transform law, offering new jurisprudential insights into what law is and how it operates in response to the kineticism that, this book argues is, to some degree, inherent in all landscapes. This original engagement with legal geography will appeal to those with general interests in this area, as well as specific concerns with questions of law and place, property and the environment.\",\"language\":\"en\",\"publisher\":\"Routledge\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Marusek\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Sarah\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"month\":\"February\",\"year\":\"2021\",\"note\":\"Google-Books-ID: auMUEAAAQBAJ\",\"keywords\":\"Architecture / Landscape, Law / Environmental, Law / General, Law / Jurisprudence, Law / Land Use, Law / Property, Nature / Earthquakes & Volcanoes, Nature / Natural Disasters, Social Science / Human Geography, Technology & Engineering / Environmental / General\",\"bibtex\":\"@book{marusek_law_2021,\\n\\ttitle = {Law and the {Kinetic} {Environment}: {Regulating} {Dynamic} {Landscapes}},\\n\\tisbn = {978-1-315-30935-4},\\n\\tshorttitle = {Law and the {Kinetic} {Environment}},\\n\\tabstract = {This book addresses the legal-geographical implications of the fact that landscapes are not static, but dynamic. Within the field of legal geography, the spatial relationship of law to landscape is usually considered to be static. Environments are often considered fixed, and consequently inert, as places that literally don’t go anywhere. Typically, then, it is what happens in these places, rather than the place itself, that commands academic attention. In contrast to this static viewpoint, Law and the Kinetic Environment considers how many landscapes are in flux and, as a result, may be seen as dynamic. Natural phenomena, such as oozing lava, moving glaciers, or bubbling geothermal pools, challenge and test the normative conceptualizations of stability of place, property ownership, and legal regulation. Consequently, such dynamic landscapes enliven and transform law, offering new jurisprudential insights into what law is and how it operates in response to the kineticism that, this book argues is, to some degree, inherent in all landscapes. This original engagement with legal geography will appeal to those with general interests in this area, as well as specific concerns with questions of law and place, property and the environment.},\\n\\tlanguage = {en},\\n\\tpublisher = {Routledge},\\n\\tauthor = {Marusek, Sarah},\\n\\tmonth = feb,\\n\\tyear = {2021},\\n\\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: auMUEAAAQBAJ},\\n\\tkeywords = {Architecture / Landscape, Law / Environmental, Law / General, Law / Jurisprudence, Law / Land Use, Law / Property, Nature / Earthquakes \\\\& Volcanoes, Nature / Natural Disasters, Social Science / Human Geography, Technology \\\\& Engineering / Environmental / General},\\n}\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Marusek, S.\"],\"key\":\"marusek_law_2021\",\"id\":\"marusek_law_2021\",\"bibbaseid\":\"marusek-lawandthekineticenvironmentregulatingdynamiclandscapes-2021\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{},\"keyword\":[\"Architecture / Landscape\",\"Law / Environmental\",\"Law / General\",\"Law / Jurisprudence\",\"Law / Land Use\",\"Law / Property\",\"Nature / Earthquakes & Volcanoes\",\"Nature / Natural Disasters\",\"Social Science / Human Geography\",\"Technology & Engineering / Environmental / General\"],\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"book\",\"type\":\"book\",\"title\":\"Regular Soldiers, Irregular War: Violence and Restraint in the Second Intifada\",\"copyright\":\"De Gruyter expressly reserves the right to use all content for commercial text and data mining within the meaning of Section 44b of the German Copyright Act.\",\"isbn\":\"978-1-5017-5045-8\",\"shorttitle\":\"Regular Soldiers, Irregular War\",\"url\":\"https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/9781501750458/html\",\"abstract\":\"What explains differences in soldier participation in violence during irregular war? How do ordinary men become professional wielders of force, and when does this transformation falter or fail? Regular Soldiers, Irregular War presents a theoretical framework for understanding the various forms of behavior in which soldiers engage during counterinsurgency campaigns—compliance and shirking, abuse and restraint, as well as the creation of new violent practices. Through an in-depth study of the Israeli Defense Forces' repression of the Second Palestinian Intifada of 2000–2005, including in-depth interviews with and a survey of former combatants, Devorah Manekin examines how soldiers come both to unleash and to curb violence against civilians in a counterinsurgency campaign. Manekin argues that variation in soldiers' behavior is best explained by the effectiveness of the control mechanisms put in place to ensure combatant violence reflects the strategies and preferences of military elites, primarily at the small-unit level. Furthermore, she develops and analyzes soldier participation in three categories of violence: strategic violence authorized by military elites; opportunistic or unauthorized violence; and \\\"entrepreneurial violence\\\"—violence initiated from below to advance organizational aims when leaders are ambiguous about what will best serve those aims. By going inside military field units and exploring their patterns of command and control, Regular Soldiers, Irregular War , sheds new light on the dynamics of violence and restraint in counterinsurgency.\",\"language\":\"en\",\"urldate\":\"2024-08-14\",\"publisher\":\"Cornell University Press\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Manekin\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Devorah\",\"S.\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"month\":\"August\",\"year\":\"2020\",\"doi\":\"10.1515/9781501750458\",\"keywords\":\"Civil war, Israeli-Palestinian Conflict, Political violence, counterinsurgency, military\",\"bibtex\":\"@book{manekin_regular_2020,\\n\\ttitle = {Regular {Soldiers}, {Irregular} {War}: {Violence} and {Restraint} in the {Second} {Intifada}},\\n\\tcopyright = {De Gruyter expressly reserves the right to use all content for commercial text and data mining within the meaning of Section 44b of the German Copyright Act.},\\n\\tisbn = {978-1-5017-5045-8},\\n\\tshorttitle = {Regular {Soldiers}, {Irregular} {War}},\\n\\turl = {https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/9781501750458/html},\\n\\tabstract = {What explains differences in soldier participation in violence during irregular war? How do ordinary men become professional wielders of force, and when does this transformation falter or fail? Regular Soldiers, Irregular War presents a theoretical framework for understanding the various forms of behavior in which soldiers engage during counterinsurgency campaigns—compliance and shirking, abuse and restraint, as well as the creation of new violent practices. Through an in-depth study of the Israeli Defense Forces' repression of the Second Palestinian Intifada of 2000–2005, including in-depth interviews with and a survey of former combatants, Devorah Manekin examines how soldiers come both to unleash and to curb violence against civilians in a counterinsurgency campaign. Manekin argues that variation in soldiers' behavior is best explained by the effectiveness of the control mechanisms put in place to ensure combatant violence reflects the strategies and preferences of military elites, primarily at the small-unit level. Furthermore, she develops and analyzes soldier participation in three categories of violence: strategic violence authorized by military elites; opportunistic or unauthorized violence; and \\\"entrepreneurial violence\\\"—violence initiated from below to advance organizational aims when leaders are ambiguous about what will best serve those aims. By going inside military field units and exploring their patterns of command and control, Regular Soldiers, Irregular War , sheds new light on the dynamics of violence and restraint in counterinsurgency.},\\n\\tlanguage = {en},\\n\\turldate = {2024-08-14},\\n\\tpublisher = {Cornell University Press},\\n\\tauthor = {Manekin, Devorah S.},\\n\\tmonth = aug,\\n\\tyear = {2020},\\n\\tdoi = {10.1515/9781501750458},\\n\\tkeywords = {Civil war, Israeli-Palestinian Conflict, Political violence, counterinsurgency, military},\\n}\\n\\n\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Manekin, D. S.\"],\"key\":\"manekin_regular_2020\",\"id\":\"manekin_regular_2020\",\"bibbaseid\":\"manekin-regularsoldiersirregularwarviolenceandrestraintinthesecondintifada-2020\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{\"Paper\":\"https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/9781501750458/html\"},\"keyword\":[\"Civil war\",\"Israeli-Palestinian Conflict\",\"Political violence\",\"counterinsurgency\",\"military\"],\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"book\",\"type\":\"book\",\"title\":\"Sold My Soul for a Student Loan: Higher Education and the Political Economy of the Future\",\"isbn\":\"978-1-4408-5072-1\",\"shorttitle\":\"Sold My Soul for a Student Loan\",\"url\":\"https://www.bloomsbury.com/us/sold-my-soul-for-a-student-loan-9781440850714/\",\"abstract\":\"With unprecedented student debt keeping an entire generation from realizing the \\\"American Dream,\\\" this book sounds a warning about how that debt may undermine both higher education—and our democracy.American higher education boasts one of the most impressive legacies in the world, but the price of admission for many is now endless debt. As this book shows, increasing educational indebtedness undermines the real value of higher education in our democracy. To help readers understand this dilemma, the book examines how student debt became commonplace and what the long-term effects of such an ongoing reality might be. Sold My Soul for a Student Loan examines this vitally important issue from an unprecedented diversity of perspectives, focusing on the fact that student debt is hindering the ability of millions of people to enter the job market, the housing market, the consumer economy, and the political process.Among other topics, the book covers the history of consumer debt in the United States, the history of federal policy toward higher education, and political action in response to the issue of student debt. Perhaps most importantly, it explores the new relationship debtor-citizens have to the government as a result of debt, and how that impacts democracy for a new generation.\",\"language\":\"en\",\"publisher\":\"Bloomsbury Publishing USA\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Kirsch\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Daniel\",\"T.\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"month\":\"April\",\"year\":\"2019\",\"note\":\"Google-Books-ID: 4IzDEAAAQBAJ\",\"keywords\":\"Education / Educational Policy & Reform / General, Political Science / Public Policy / Economic Policy, Political Science / Public Policy / General\",\"bibtex\":\"@book{kirsch_sold_2019,\\n\\ttitle = {Sold {My} {Soul} for a {Student} {Loan}: {Higher} {Education} and the {Political} {Economy} of the {Future}},\\n\\tisbn = {978-1-4408-5072-1},\\n\\tshorttitle = {Sold {My} {Soul} for a {Student} {Loan}},\\n\\turl = {https://www.bloomsbury.com/us/sold-my-soul-for-a-student-loan-9781440850714/},\\n\\tabstract = {With unprecedented student debt keeping an entire generation from realizing the \\\"American Dream,\\\" this book sounds a warning about how that debt may undermine both higher education—and our democracy.American higher education boasts one of the most impressive legacies in the world, but the price of admission for many is now endless debt. As this book shows, increasing educational indebtedness undermines the real value of higher education in our democracy. To help readers understand this dilemma, the book examines how student debt became commonplace and what the long-term effects of such an ongoing reality might be. Sold My Soul for a Student Loan examines this vitally important issue from an unprecedented diversity of perspectives, focusing on the fact that student debt is hindering the ability of millions of people to enter the job market, the housing market, the consumer economy, and the political process.Among other topics, the book covers the history of consumer debt in the United States, the history of federal policy toward higher education, and political action in response to the issue of student debt. Perhaps most importantly, it explores the new relationship debtor-citizens have to the government as a result of debt, and how that impacts democracy for a new generation.},\\n\\tlanguage = {en},\\n\\tpublisher = {Bloomsbury Publishing USA},\\n\\tauthor = {Kirsch, Daniel T.},\\n\\tmonth = apr,\\n\\tyear = {2019},\\n\\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: 4IzDEAAAQBAJ},\\n\\tkeywords = {Education / Educational Policy \\\\& Reform / General, Political Science / Public Policy / Economic Policy, Political Science / Public Policy / General},\\n}\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Kirsch, D. T.\"],\"key\":\"kirsch_sold_2019\",\"id\":\"kirsch_sold_2019\",\"bibbaseid\":\"kirsch-soldmysoulforastudentloanhighereducationandthepoliticaleconomyofthefuture-2019\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{\"Paper\":\"https://www.bloomsbury.com/us/sold-my-soul-for-a-student-loan-9781440850714/\"},\"keyword\":[\"Education / Educational Policy & Reform / General\",\"Political Science / Public Policy / Economic Policy\",\"Political Science / Public Policy / General\"],\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"book\",\"type\":\"book\",\"address\":\"Ann Arbor, MI\",\"title\":\"The Black and White Rainbow\",\"isbn\":\"978-0-472-05463-3\",\"url\":\"https://press.umich.edu/Books/T/The-Black-and-White-Rainbow\",\"abstract\":\"Nation-building imperatives compel citizens to focus on what makes them similar and what binds them together, forgetting what makes them different. Democratic institution building, on the other hand, ...\",\"language\":\"en-US\",\"urldate\":\"2024-08-14\",\"publisher\":\"University of Michigan Press\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Holmes\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Carolyn\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"year\":\"2020\",\"bibtex\":\"@book{holmes_black_2020,\\n\\taddress = {Ann Arbor, MI},\\n\\ttitle = {The {Black} and {White} {Rainbow}},\\n\\tisbn = {978-0-472-05463-3},\\n\\turl = {https://press.umich.edu/Books/T/The-Black-and-White-Rainbow},\\n\\tabstract = {Nation-building imperatives compel citizens to focus on what makes them similar and what binds them together, forgetting what makes them different. Democratic institution building, on the other hand, ...},\\n\\tlanguage = {en-US},\\n\\turldate = {2024-08-14},\\n\\tpublisher = {University of Michigan Press},\\n\\tauthor = {Holmes, Carolyn},\\n\\tyear = {2020},\\n}\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Holmes, C.\"],\"key\":\"holmes_black_2020\",\"id\":\"holmes_black_2020\",\"bibbaseid\":\"holmes-theblackandwhiterainbow-2020\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{\"Paper\":\"https://press.umich.edu/Books/T/The-Black-and-White-Rainbow\"},\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"book\",\"type\":\"book\",\"title\":\"Show Time: The Logic and Power of Violent Display\",\"isbn\":\"978-1-5017-5854-6\",\"url\":\"http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.7591/j.ctv1ffpcwm\",\"abstract\":\"\\\\textlessstrong\\\\textgreaterIn\\\\textless/strong\\\\textgreater \\\\textlessstrong\\\\textgreater\\\\textlessem\\\\textgreaterShow Time\\\\textless/em\\\\textgreater\\\\textless/strong\\\\textgreater \\\\textlessstrong\\\\textgreater, Lee Ann Fujii asks why some perpetrators of political violence, from lynch mobs to genocidal killers, display their acts of violence so publicly and extravagantly.\\\\textless/strong\\\\textgreater Closely examining three horrific and extreme episodes-the murder of a prominent Tutsi family amidst the genocide in Rwanda, the execution of Muslim men in a Serb-controlled village in Bosnia during the Balkan Wars, and the lynching of a twenty-two-year old Black farmhand on Maryland's Eastern Shore in 1933-Fujii shows how \\\"violent displays\\\" are staged to not merely to kill those perceived to be enemies or threats, but also to affect and influence observers, neighbors, and the larger society. Watching and participating in these violent displays profoundly transforms those involved, reinforcing political identities, social hierarchies, and power structures. Such public spectacles of violence also force members of the community to choose sides-openly show support for the goals of the violence, or risk becoming victims, themselves. Tracing the ways in which public displays of violence unfold, \\\\textlessem\\\\textgreaterShow Time\\\\textless/em\\\\textgreater reveals how the perpetrators exploit the fluidity of social ties for their own ends.\",\"urldate\":\"2024-08-14\",\"publisher\":\"Cornell University Press\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Fujii\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Lee\",\"Ann\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Wood\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Elisabeth\",\"Jean\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"editor\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Finnemore\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Martha\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"year\":\"2021\",\"bibtex\":\"@book{fujii_show_2021,\\n\\ttitle = {Show {Time}: {The} {Logic} and {Power} of {Violent} {Display}},\\n\\tisbn = {978-1-5017-5854-6},\\n\\turl = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.7591/j.ctv1ffpcwm},\\n\\tabstract = {{\\\\textless}strong{\\\\textgreater}In{\\\\textless}/strong{\\\\textgreater} {\\\\textless}strong{\\\\textgreater}{\\\\textless}em{\\\\textgreater}Show Time{\\\\textless}/em{\\\\textgreater}{\\\\textless}/strong{\\\\textgreater}\\n{\\\\textless}strong{\\\\textgreater}, Lee Ann Fujii asks why some perpetrators of political\\nviolence, from lynch mobs to genocidal killers, display their acts of violence so publicly and extravagantly.{\\\\textless}/strong{\\\\textgreater} Closely\\nexamining three horrific and extreme episodes-the murder of a\\nprominent Tutsi family amidst the genocide in Rwanda, the execution of Muslim men in a Serb-controlled village in Bosnia during the\\nBalkan Wars, and the lynching of a twenty-two-year old Black\\nfarmhand on Maryland's Eastern Shore in 1933-Fujii shows how\\n\\\"violent displays\\\" are staged to not merely to kill those perceived to be enemies or threats, but also to affect and influence\\nobservers, neighbors, and the larger society.\\n\\nWatching and participating in these violent displays profoundly\\ntransforms those involved, reinforcing political identities, social hierarchies, and power structures. Such public spectacles of\\nviolence also force members of the community to choose sides-openly show support for the goals of the violence, or risk becoming\\nvictims, themselves. Tracing the ways in which public displays of violence unfold, {\\\\textless}em{\\\\textgreater}Show Time{\\\\textless}/em{\\\\textgreater} reveals how the perpetrators\\nexploit the fluidity of social ties for their own ends.},\\n\\turldate = {2024-08-14},\\n\\tpublisher = {Cornell University Press},\\n\\tauthor = {Fujii, Lee Ann and Wood, Elisabeth Jean},\\n\\teditor = {Finnemore, Martha},\\n\\tyear = {2021},\\n}\\n\\n\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Fujii, L. A.\",\"Wood, E. J.\"],\"editor_short\":[\"Finnemore, M.\"],\"key\":\"fujii_show_2021\",\"id\":\"fujii_show_2021\",\"bibbaseid\":\"fujii-wood-showtimethelogicandpowerofviolentdisplay-2021\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{\"Paper\":\"http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.7591/j.ctv1ffpcwm\"},\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"book\",\"type\":\"book\",\"title\":\"Power without Knowledge: A Critique of Technocracy\",\"isbn\":\"978-0-19-087717-0\",\"url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190877170.001.0001\",\"abstract\":\"Technocrats claim to know how to solve the social and economic problems of complex modern societies. But this would require predicting how people will act once technocrats impose their policy solutions. Power Without Knowledge argues that people’s ideas, w hich govern their deliberate actions, are too heterogeneous for their behavior to be reliably predicted. Thus, a technocracy of social-scientific experts cannot be expected to accomplish its objectives. The author also shows that a large part of contemporary mass politics, even populist mass politics, is technocratic, as members of the general public often assume that they are competent to decide which policies or politicians will be able to solve social and economic problems. How, then, do “citizen-technocrats” make these decisions? Drawing on political psychology and survey research, the author contends that people often assume that the solutions to social problems are self-evident, such that politics becomes a matter of vetting public officials for their good intentions and strong wills, not their knowledge. Turning to the more conventional meaning of technocracy, the author argues that social scientists, too, drastically oversimplify technocratic realities, but in an entirely different manner. Neoclassical economists, for example, theorize that people respond rationally to the incentives they face. This theory is simplistic, but it creates the appearance that people’s behavior is predictable. Without such oversimplifications, the author argues, technocracy would be seen by technocrats themselves to be chimerical.\",\"urldate\":\"2024-08-14\",\"publisher\":\"Oxford University Press\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Friedman\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Jeffrey\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"month\":\"December\",\"year\":\"2019\",\"doi\":\"10.1093/oso/9780190877170.001.0001\",\"bibtex\":\"@book{friedman_power_2019,\\n\\ttitle = {Power without {Knowledge}: {A} {Critique} of {Technocracy}},\\n\\tisbn = {978-0-19-087717-0},\\n\\turl = {https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190877170.001.0001},\\n\\tabstract = {Technocrats claim to know how to solve the social and economic problems of complex modern societies. But this would require predicting how people will act once technocrats impose their policy solutions. Power Without Knowledge argues that people’s ideas, w hich govern their deliberate actions, are too heterogeneous for their behavior to be reliably predicted. Thus, a technocracy of social-scientific experts cannot be expected to accomplish its objectives. The author also shows that a large part of contemporary mass politics, even populist mass politics, is technocratic, as members of the general public often assume that they are competent to decide which policies or politicians will be able to solve social and economic problems. How, then, do “citizen-technocrats” make these decisions? Drawing on political psychology and survey research, the author contends that people often assume that the solutions to social problems are self-evident, such that politics becomes a matter of vetting public officials for their good intentions and strong wills, not their knowledge. Turning to the more conventional meaning of technocracy, the author argues that social scientists, too, drastically oversimplify technocratic realities, but in an entirely different manner. Neoclassical economists, for example, theorize that people respond rationally to the incentives they face. This theory is simplistic, but it creates the appearance that people’s behavior is predictable. Without such oversimplifications, the author argues, technocracy would be seen by technocrats themselves to be chimerical.},\\n\\turldate = {2024-08-14},\\n\\tpublisher = {Oxford University Press},\\n\\tauthor = {Friedman, Jeffrey},\\n\\tmonth = dec,\\n\\tyear = {2019},\\n\\tdoi = {10.1093/oso/9780190877170.001.0001},\\n}\\n\\n\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Friedman, J.\"],\"key\":\"friedman_power_2019\",\"id\":\"friedman_power_2019\",\"bibbaseid\":\"friedman-powerwithoutknowledgeacritiqueoftechnocracy-2019\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{\"Paper\":\"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190877170.001.0001\"},\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"book\",\"type\":\"book\",\"address\":\"Stanford\",\"title\":\"Birthing a Movement: Midwives, Law, and the Politics of Reproductive Care\",\"isbn\":\"978-1-5036-0983-9\",\"shorttitle\":\"Birthing a Movement\",\"abstract\":\"Rich, personal stories shed light on midwives at the frontier of women's reproductive rights.Midwives in the United States live and work in a complex regulatory environment that is a direct result of state and medical intervention into women's reproductive capacity. In Birthing a Movement, Renée Ann Cramer draws on over a decade of ethnographic and archival research to examine the interactions of law, politics, and activism surrounding midwifery care. Framed by gripping narratives from midwives across the country, she parses out the often-paradoxical priorities with which they must engage—seeking formal professionalization, advocating for reproductive justice, and resisting state-centered approaches. Currently, professional midwives are legal and regulated in their practice in 32 states and illegal in eight, where their practice could bring felony convictions and penalties that include imprisonment. In the remaining ten states, Certified Professional Midwives (CPMs) are unregulated, but nominally legal. By studying states where CPMs have differing legal statuses, Cramer makes the case that midwives and their clients engage in various forms of mobilization—at times simultaneous, and at times inconsistent—to facilitate access to care, autonomy in childbirth, and the articulation of women's authority in reproduction. This book brings together literatures not frequently in conversation with one another, on regulation, mobilization, health policy, and gender, offering a multifaceted view of the experiences and politics of American midwifery, and promising rich insights to a wide array of scholars, activists, healthcare professionals alike.\",\"publisher\":\"Stanford University Press\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Cramer\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Renée\",\"Ann\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"year\":\"2021\",\"keywords\":\"Law – Race and Gender, Politics – United States, Sociology – Gender and Sexuality\",\"bibtex\":\"@book{cramer_birthing_2021,\\n\\taddress = {Stanford},\\n\\ttitle = {Birthing a {Movement}: {Midwives}, {Law}, and the {Politics} of {Reproductive} {Care}},\\n\\tisbn = {978-1-5036-0983-9},\\n\\tshorttitle = {Birthing a {Movement}},\\n\\tabstract = {Rich, personal stories shed light on midwives at the frontier of women's reproductive rights.Midwives in the United States live and work in a complex regulatory environment that is a direct result of state and medical intervention into women's reproductive capacity. In Birthing a Movement, Renée Ann Cramer draws on over a decade of ethnographic and archival research to examine the interactions of law, politics, and activism surrounding midwifery care. Framed by gripping narratives from midwives across the country, she parses out the often-paradoxical priorities with which they must engage—seeking formal professionalization, advocating for reproductive justice, and resisting state-centered approaches. Currently, professional midwives are legal and regulated in their practice in 32 states and illegal in eight, where their practice could bring felony convictions and penalties that include imprisonment. In the remaining ten states, Certified Professional Midwives (CPMs) are unregulated, but nominally legal. By studying states where CPMs have differing legal statuses, Cramer makes the case that midwives and their clients engage in various forms of mobilization—at times simultaneous, and at times inconsistent—to facilitate access to care, autonomy in childbirth, and the articulation of women's authority in reproduction. This book brings together literatures not frequently in conversation with one another, on regulation, mobilization, health policy, and gender, offering a multifaceted view of the experiences and politics of American midwifery, and promising rich insights to a wide array of scholars, activists, healthcare professionals alike.},\\n\\tpublisher = {Stanford University Press},\\n\\tauthor = {Cramer, Renée Ann},\\n\\tyear = {2021},\\n\\tkeywords = {Law -- Race and Gender, Politics -- United States, Sociology -- Gender and Sexuality},\\n}\\n\\n\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Cramer, R. A.\"],\"key\":\"cramer_birthing_2021\",\"id\":\"cramer_birthing_2021\",\"bibbaseid\":\"cramer-birthingamovementmidwiveslawandthepoliticsofreproductivecare-2021\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{},\"keyword\":[\"Law – Race and Gender\",\"Politics – United States\",\"Sociology – Gender and Sexuality\"],\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"book\",\"type\":\"book\",\"title\":\"Settler Memory: The Disavowal of Indigeneity and the Politics of Race in the United States\",\"isbn\":\"978-1-4696-6523-8\",\"url\":\"http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.5149/9781469665252_bruyneel\",\"abstract\":\"Faint traces of Indigenous people and their histories abound in American media, memory, and myths. Indigeneity often remains absent or invisible, however, especially in contemporary political and intellectual discourse about white supremacy, anti-Blackness, and racism in general. In this ambitious new book, Kevin Bruyneel confronts the chronic displacement of Indigeneity in the politics and discourse around race in American political theory and culture, arguing that the ongoing influence of settler-colonialism has undermined efforts to understand Indigenous politics while also hindering conversation around race itself. By reexamining major episodes, texts, writers, and memories of the political past from the seventeenth century to the present, Bruyneel reveals the power of settler memory at work in the persistent disavowal of Indigeneity. He also shows how Indigenous and Black intellectuals have understood ties between racism and white settler memory, even as the settler dimensions of whiteness are frequently erased in our discourse about race, whether in conflicts over Indian mascotry or the white nationalist underpinnings of Trumpism. Envisioning a new political future, Bruyneel challenges readers to refuse settler memory and consider a third reconstruction that can meaningfully link antiracism and anticolonialism.\",\"urldate\":\"2024-08-14\",\"publisher\":\"University of North Carolina Press\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Bruyneel\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Kevin\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"year\":\"2021\",\"bibtex\":\"@book{bruyneel_settler_2021,\\n\\ttitle = {Settler {Memory}: {The} {Disavowal} of {Indigeneity} and the {Politics} of {Race} in the {United} {States}},\\n\\tisbn = {978-1-4696-6523-8},\\n\\turl = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.5149/9781469665252_bruyneel},\\n\\tabstract = {Faint traces of Indigenous people and their histories abound in American media, memory, and myths. Indigeneity often remains absent or invisible, however, especially in contemporary political and intellectual discourse about white supremacy, anti-Blackness, and racism in general. In this ambitious new book, Kevin Bruyneel confronts the chronic displacement of Indigeneity in the politics and discourse around race in American political theory and culture, arguing that the ongoing influence of settler-colonialism has undermined efforts to understand Indigenous politics while also hindering conversation around race itself. By reexamining major episodes, texts, writers, and memories of the political past from the seventeenth century to the present, Bruyneel reveals the power of settler memory at work in the persistent disavowal of Indigeneity. He also shows how Indigenous and Black intellectuals have understood ties between racism and white settler memory, even as the settler dimensions of whiteness are frequently erased in our discourse about race, whether in conflicts over Indian mascotry or the white nationalist underpinnings of Trumpism. Envisioning a new political future, Bruyneel challenges readers to refuse settler memory and consider a third reconstruction that can meaningfully link antiracism and anticolonialism.},\\n\\turldate = {2024-08-14},\\n\\tpublisher = {University of North Carolina Press},\\n\\tauthor = {Bruyneel, Kevin},\\n\\tyear = {2021},\\n}\\n\\n\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Bruyneel, K.\"],\"key\":\"bruyneel_settler_2021\",\"id\":\"bruyneel_settler_2021\",\"bibbaseid\":\"bruyneel-settlermemorythedisavowalofindigeneityandthepoliticsofraceintheunitedstates-2021\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{\"Paper\":\"http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.5149/9781469665252_bruyneel\"},\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"book\",\"type\":\"book\",\"title\":\"Contentious Rituals\",\"isbn\":\"978-0-19-091558-2\",\"url\":\"https://global.oup.com/academic/product/contentious-rituals-9780190915582\",\"abstract\":\"Throughout the world, divisive monuments, ceremonies, and processions assert and reinforce claims to territory, legitimacy, and dominance. These contested symbols and rituals strengthen and lend meaning to communal boundaries; confer and renew identities; and inflame tensions between groups, polarizing communities and, at times, triggering violence.In Contentious Rituals, Jonathan S.\",\"language\":\"en_GB\",\"urldate\":\"2024-08-14\",\"publisher\":\"Oxford University Press\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Blake\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Jonathan\",\"S.\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"month\":\"March\",\"year\":\"2019\",\"note\":\"Cc: us Lang: en Tab: overview\",\"bibtex\":\"@book{blake_contentious_2019,\\n\\ttitle = {Contentious {Rituals}},\\n\\tisbn = {978-0-19-091558-2},\\n\\turl = {https://global.oup.com/academic/product/contentious-rituals-9780190915582},\\n\\tabstract = {Throughout the world, divisive monuments, ceremonies, and processions assert and reinforce claims to territory, legitimacy, and dominance. These contested symbols and rituals strengthen and lend meaning to communal boundaries; confer and renew identities; and inflame tensions between groups, polarizing communities and, at times, triggering violence.In Contentious Rituals, Jonathan S.},\\n\\tlanguage = {en\\\\_GB},\\n\\turldate = {2024-08-14},\\n\\tpublisher = {Oxford University Press},\\n\\tauthor = {Blake, Jonathan S.},\\n\\tmonth = mar,\\n\\tyear = {2019},\\n\\tnote = {Cc: us\\nLang: en\\nTab: overview},\\n}\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Blake, J. S.\"],\"key\":\"blake_contentious_2019\",\"id\":\"blake_contentious_2019\",\"bibbaseid\":\"blake-contentiousrituals-2019\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{\"Paper\":\"https://global.oup.com/academic/product/contentious-rituals-9780190915582\"},\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"misc\",\"type\":\"misc\",\"title\":\"Mobilizing in Uncertainty (Cornell University Press) Book Launch\",\"url\":\"https://digitalmedia.sheffield.ac.uk/media/Mobilizing+in+Uncertainty+%28Cornell+University+Press%29+Book+Launch/1_1d99wao6\",\"abstract\":\"Mobilizing in Uncertainty: Collective Identities and War in Abkhazia Author:Anastasia Shesterinina, Department of Politics and International Relations, the University of Sheffield In conversation with:Laurence Broers, South Caucasus Programme Director, Conciliation Resources and Associate Fellow, Russia and Eurasia Programme, Chatham House Chair: Simon Rushton, Department of Politics and International Relations, the University of Sheffield The book launch is part of the Processes of Conflict and Peace Seminar Series hosted at the Centre for the Comparative Study of Civil War at the Department of Politics and International Relations, the University of Sheffield. Wednesday, 24 March 202115:30-17:00 GMT\",\"language\":\"en\",\"urldate\":\"2024-08-14\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Shesterinina\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Anastasia\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"year\":\"2021\",\"bibtex\":\"@misc{shesterinina_mobilizing_2021,\\n\\ttitle = {Mobilizing in {Uncertainty} ({Cornell} {University} {Press}) {Book} {Launch}},\\n\\turl = {https://digitalmedia.sheffield.ac.uk/media/Mobilizing+in+Uncertainty+%28Cornell+University+Press%29+Book+Launch/1_1d99wao6},\\n\\tabstract = {Mobilizing in Uncertainty: Collective Identities and War in Abkhazia Author:Anastasia Shesterinina, Department of Politics and International Relations, the University of Sheffield In conversation with:Laurence Broers, South Caucasus Programme Director, Conciliation Resources and Associate Fellow, Russia and Eurasia Programme, Chatham House Chair: Simon Rushton, Department of Politics and International Relations, the University of Sheffield\\nThe book launch is part of the Processes of Conflict and Peace Seminar Series hosted at the Centre for the Comparative Study of Civil War at the Department of Politics and International Relations, the University of Sheffield.\\nWednesday, 24 March 202115:30-17:00 GMT},\\n\\tlanguage = {en},\\n\\turldate = {2024-08-14},\\n\\tauthor = {Shesterinina, Anastasia},\\n\\tyear = {2021},\\n}\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Shesterinina, A.\"],\"key\":\"shesterinina_mobilizing_2021\",\"id\":\"shesterinina_mobilizing_2021\",\"bibbaseid\":\"shesterinina-mobilizinginuncertaintycornelluniversitypressbooklaunch-2021\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{\"Paper\":\"https://digitalmedia.sheffield.ac.uk/media/Mobilizing+in+Uncertainty+%28Cornell+University+Press%29+Book+Launch/1_1d99wao6\"},\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"book\",\"type\":\"book\",\"title\":\"Mobilizing in Uncertainty by Anastasia Shesterinina \\\\textbar Hardcover\",\"isbn\":\"978-1-5017-5376-3\",\"url\":\"https://www.cornellpress.cornell.edu/book/9781501753763/mobilizing-in-uncertainty/\",\"abstract\":\"Winner of the Davis Center Book Prize in Political and Social StudiesCo-winner of the Charles Taylor Book AwardHow do ordinary people navigate the intense uncertainty of the onset of war? Individuals...\",\"language\":\"en-US\",\"urldate\":\"2024-08-14\",\"publisher\":\"Cornell University Press\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Shesterinina\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Anastasia\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"month\":\"March\",\"year\":\"2021\",\"note\":\"https://digitalmedia.sheffield.ac.uk/id/1_1d99wao6?fbclid=IwAR1Tq6aRfscQXC-mdeGgWZ_Ses4TE3nu5EkZhE7-d2_BgDZ6CiwBo7kK0yo\",\"bibtex\":\"@book{shesterinina_mobilizing_2021,\\n\\ttitle = {Mobilizing in {Uncertainty} by {Anastasia} {Shesterinina} {\\\\textbar} {Hardcover}},\\n\\tisbn = {978-1-5017-5376-3},\\n\\turl = {https://www.cornellpress.cornell.edu/book/9781501753763/mobilizing-in-uncertainty/},\\n\\tabstract = {Winner of the Davis Center Book Prize in Political and Social StudiesCo-winner of the Charles Taylor Book AwardHow do ordinary people navigate the intense uncertainty of the onset of war? Individuals...},\\n\\tlanguage = {en-US},\\n\\turldate = {2024-08-14},\\n\\tpublisher = {Cornell University Press},\\n\\tauthor = {Shesterinina, Anastasia},\\n\\tmonth = mar,\\n\\tyear = {2021},\\n\\tnote = {https://digitalmedia.sheffield.ac.uk/id/1\\\\_1d99wao6?fbclid=IwAR1Tq6aRfscQXC-mdeGgWZ\\\\_Ses4TE3nu5EkZhE7-d2\\\\_BgDZ6CiwBo7kK0yo},\\n}\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Shesterinina, A.\"],\"key\":\"shesterinina_mobilizing_2021-1\",\"id\":\"shesterinina_mobilizing_2021-1\",\"bibbaseid\":\"shesterinina-mobilizinginuncertaintybyanastasiashesterininatextbarhardcover-2021\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{\"Paper\":\"https://www.cornellpress.cornell.edu/book/9781501753763/mobilizing-in-uncertainty/\"},\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"article\",\"type\":\"article\",\"title\":\"Publicizing the (In)visible? Celebrities, Anti-Human Trafficking Activism, and Feminist Ideologies\",\"volume\":\"28\",\"issn\":\"1072-4745\",\"url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1093/sp/jxz040\",\"doi\":\"10.1093/sp/jxz040\",\"abstract\":\"This article examines celebrities’ anti-human trafficking activism from 2000 to 2016 to interpret how they use their fame and personal experiences to publicize feminist issues. Drawing from an original dataset, I argue first that celebrities represent human trafficking in ways that circulate various feminist ideologies. Next, I juxtapose Ashley Judd and Jada Pinkett Smith to examine how individual celebrities adopt, reflect, and complicate these representations and ideologies, arguing here that celebrities variously deploy their personal stories to challenge and reinforce race and gender hierarchies. The conclusion considers this research’s broader implications for understanding celebrities, feminism, and policy debates.\",\"number\":\"1\",\"urldate\":\"2024-08-14\",\"journal\":\"Social Politics: International Studies in Gender, State & Society\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Majic\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Samantha\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"month\":\"March\",\"year\":\"2021\",\"pages\":\"94–118\",\"bibtex\":\"@article{majic_publicizing_2021,\\n\\ttitle = {Publicizing the ({In})visible? {Celebrities}, {Anti}-{Human} {Trafficking} {Activism}, and {Feminist} {Ideologies}},\\n\\tvolume = {28},\\n\\tissn = {1072-4745},\\n\\turl = {https://doi.org/10.1093/sp/jxz040},\\n\\tdoi = {10.1093/sp/jxz040},\\n\\tabstract = {This article examines celebrities’ anti-human trafficking activism from 2000 to 2016 to interpret how they use their fame and personal experiences to publicize feminist issues. Drawing from an original dataset, I argue first that celebrities represent human trafficking in ways that circulate various feminist ideologies. Next, I juxtapose Ashley Judd and Jada Pinkett Smith to examine how individual celebrities adopt, reflect, and complicate these representations and ideologies, arguing here that celebrities variously deploy their personal stories to challenge and reinforce race and gender hierarchies. The conclusion considers this research’s broader implications for understanding celebrities, feminism, and policy debates.},\\n\\tnumber = {1},\\n\\turldate = {2024-08-14},\\n\\tjournal = {Social Politics: International Studies in Gender, State \\\\& Society},\\n\\tauthor = {Majic, Samantha},\\n\\tmonth = mar,\\n\\tyear = {2021},\\n\\tpages = {94--118},\\n}\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Majic, S.\"],\"key\":\"majic_publicizing_2021\",\"id\":\"majic_publicizing_2021\",\"bibbaseid\":\"majic-publicizingtheinvisiblecelebritiesantihumantraffickingactivismandfeministideologies-2021\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{\"Paper\":\"https://doi.org/10.1093/sp/jxz040\"},\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"article\",\"type\":\"article\",\"title\":\"Rule-of-Law Ethnography\",\"volume\":\"14\",\"issn\":\"1550-3585, 1550-3631\",\"url\":\"https://www.annualreviews.org/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-lawsocsci-101317-030900\",\"doi\":\"10.1146/annurev-lawsocsci-101317-030900\",\"abstract\":\"This review outlines an emerging agenda for ethnographic interpretation of the rule of law. From a survey of studies done on the rule of law in Africa, Asia, Europe, and the Americas, the review identifies four general characteristics of this mode of inquiry, namely, that it is located, relational, and comparative and has extrinsic value. It offers three nonexhaustive reasons for interpreting the rule of law ethnographically, which are as a counterhegemonic practice, in response to counterintuitive observations, and as a means to do constitutive theorizing. Contending that ethnographic work on the rule of law involves some kind of stance toward both research subjects and object of inquiry, the review advocates for the exercise of passionate humility: a conviction about the rule of law tempered by willingness to be proven wrong through inquiries in critical proximity with socially and politically mediated facts. Rule-of-law ethnography&apos;s possibility lies in its attending to the relationship between what is claimed in the rule of law&apos;s name and what is realized, not to make the idea look foolish, but to show how it emerges and why it persists through struggle.\",\"language\":\"en\",\"number\":\"Volume 14, 2018\",\"urldate\":\"2024-08-14\",\"journal\":\"Annual Review of Law and Social Science\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Cheesman\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Nick\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"month\":\"October\",\"year\":\"2018\",\"note\":\"Publisher: Annual Reviews\",\"pages\":\"167–184\",\"bibtex\":\"@article{cheesman_rule--law_2018,\\n\\ttitle = {Rule-of-{Law} {Ethnography}},\\n\\tvolume = {14},\\n\\tissn = {1550-3585, 1550-3631},\\n\\turl = {https://www.annualreviews.org/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-lawsocsci-101317-030900},\\n\\tdoi = {10.1146/annurev-lawsocsci-101317-030900},\\n\\tabstract = {This review outlines an emerging agenda for ethnographic interpretation of the rule of law. From a survey of studies done on the rule of law in Africa, Asia, Europe, and the Americas, the review identifies four general characteristics of this mode of inquiry, namely, that it is located, relational, and comparative and has extrinsic value. It offers three nonexhaustive reasons for interpreting the rule of law ethnographically, which are as a counterhegemonic practice, in response to counterintuitive observations, and as a means to do constitutive theorizing. Contending that ethnographic work on the rule of law involves some kind of stance toward both research subjects and object of inquiry, the review advocates for the exercise of passionate humility: a conviction about the rule of law tempered by willingness to be proven wrong through inquiries in critical proximity with socially and politically mediated facts. Rule-of-law ethnography\\\\&apos;s possibility lies in its attending to the relationship between what is claimed in the rule of law\\\\&apos;s name and what is realized, not to make the idea look foolish, but to show how it emerges and why it persists through struggle.},\\n\\tlanguage = {en},\\n\\tnumber = {Volume 14, 2018},\\n\\turldate = {2024-08-14},\\n\\tjournal = {Annual Review of Law and Social Science},\\n\\tauthor = {Cheesman, Nick},\\n\\tmonth = oct,\\n\\tyear = {2018},\\n\\tnote = {Publisher: Annual Reviews},\\n\\tpages = {167--184},\\n}\\n\\n\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Cheesman, N.\"],\"key\":\"cheesman_rule--law_2018\",\"id\":\"cheesman_rule--law_2018\",\"bibbaseid\":\"cheesman-ruleoflawethnography-2018\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{\"Paper\":\"https://www.annualreviews.org/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-lawsocsci-101317-030900\"},\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"misc\",\"type\":\"misc\",\"title\":\"The Real Problem with Diversity in Political Science\",\"url\":\"https://www.duckofminerva.com/2017/04/the-real-problem-with-diversity-in-political-science.html\",\"abstract\":\"This is a guest post by Lee Ann Fujii, Associate Professor at the University of Toronto, and currently a Member Scholar of the Institute for Advanced Study. This post is based on the keynote addres…\",\"language\":\"en-US\",\"urldate\":\"2024-08-14\",\"journal\":\"The Duck of Minerva\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Fujii\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Lee\",\"Ann\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"month\":\"April\",\"year\":\"2017\",\"bibtex\":\"@misc{fujii_real_2017,\\n\\ttitle = {The {Real} {Problem} with {Diversity} in {Political} {Science}},\\n\\turl = {https://www.duckofminerva.com/2017/04/the-real-problem-with-diversity-in-political-science.html},\\n\\tabstract = {This is a guest post by Lee Ann Fujii, Associate Professor at the University of Toronto, and currently a Member Scholar of the Institute for Advanced Study. This post is based on the keynote addres…},\\n\\tlanguage = {en-US},\\n\\turldate = {2024-08-14},\\n\\tjournal = {The Duck of Minerva},\\n\\tauthor = {Fujii, Lee Ann},\\n\\tmonth = apr,\\n\\tyear = {2017},\\n}\\n\\n\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Fujii, L. A.\"],\"key\":\"fujii_real_2017\",\"id\":\"fujii_real_2017\",\"bibbaseid\":\"fujii-therealproblemwithdiversityinpoliticalscience-2017\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{\"Paper\":\"https://www.duckofminerva.com/2017/04/the-real-problem-with-diversity-in-political-science.html\"},\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"misc\",\"type\":\"misc\",\"title\":\"The Prehistory of the Muslim Ban\",\"url\":\"https://www.publicbooks.org/the-prehistory-of-the-muslim-ban/\",\"abstract\":\"Banning all Muslims was a popular campaign slogan for then-candidate Donald Trump. People cheered at the simple logic: all Muslims pose a ...\",\"language\":\"en-US\",\"urldate\":\"2024-08-14\",\"journal\":\"Public Books\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Fujii\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Lee\",\"Ann\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"month\":\"March\",\"year\":\"2017\",\"bibtex\":\"@misc{fujii_prehistory_2017,\\n\\ttitle = {The {Prehistory} of the {Muslim} {Ban}},\\n\\turl = {https://www.publicbooks.org/the-prehistory-of-the-muslim-ban/},\\n\\tabstract = {Banning all Muslims was a popular campaign slogan for then-candidate Donald Trump. People cheered at the simple logic: all Muslims pose a ...},\\n\\tlanguage = {en-US},\\n\\turldate = {2024-08-14},\\n\\tjournal = {Public Books},\\n\\tauthor = {Fujii, Lee Ann},\\n\\tmonth = mar,\\n\\tyear = {2017},\\n}\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Fujii, L. A.\"],\"key\":\"fujii_prehistory_2017\",\"id\":\"fujii_prehistory_2017\",\"bibbaseid\":\"fujii-theprehistoryofthemuslimban-2017\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{\"Paper\":\"https://www.publicbooks.org/the-prehistory-of-the-muslim-ban/\"},\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"article\",\"type\":\"article\",\"title\":\"Steven Lubet’s American dilemma\",\"copyright\":\"© 2021 Western Political Science Association\",\"issn\":\"2156-5503\",\"url\":\"https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/21565503.2021.1962373\",\"abstract\":\"This essay examines the ideological underpinnings of Steven Lubet’s Interrogating Ethnography. I argue that Lubet’s text draws from an ideological tradition best exemplified by An American Dilemma,...\",\"language\":\"EN\",\"urldate\":\"2024-08-14\",\"journal\":\"Politics, Groups, and Identities\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Forrest\"],\"firstnames\":[\"David\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"month\":\"August\",\"year\":\"2021\",\"note\":\"Publisher: Routledge\",\"bibtex\":\"@article{forrest_steven_2021,\\n\\ttitle = {Steven {Lubet}’s {American} dilemma},\\n\\tcopyright = {© 2021 Western Political Science Association},\\n\\tissn = {2156-5503},\\n\\turl = {https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/21565503.2021.1962373},\\n\\tabstract = {This essay examines the ideological underpinnings of Steven Lubet’s Interrogating Ethnography. I argue that Lubet’s text draws from an ideological tradition best exemplified by An American Dilemma,...},\\n\\tlanguage = {EN},\\n\\turldate = {2024-08-14},\\n\\tjournal = {Politics, Groups, and Identities},\\n\\tauthor = {Forrest, David},\\n\\tmonth = aug,\\n\\tyear = {2021},\\n\\tnote = {Publisher: Routledge},\\n}\\n\\n\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Forrest, D.\"],\"key\":\"forrest_steven_2021\",\"id\":\"forrest_steven_2021\",\"bibbaseid\":\"forrest-stevenlubetsamericandilemma-2021\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{\"Paper\":\"https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/21565503.2021.1962373\"},\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"article\",\"type\":\"article\",\"title\":\"Trying Lubet's ethnography: On methodology, writing, and ethics\",\"copyright\":\"© 2021 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group\",\"issn\":\"2156-5503\",\"shorttitle\":\"Trying Lubet's ethnography\",\"url\":\"https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/21565503.2021.1963993\",\"abstract\":\"Published in Politics, Groups, and Identities (Vol. 9, No. 4, 2021)\",\"language\":\"EN\",\"urldate\":\"2024-08-14\",\"journal\":\"Politics, Groups, and Identities\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Yanow\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Dvora\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"month\":\"August\",\"year\":\"2021\",\"note\":\"Publisher: Routledge\",\"bibtex\":\"@article{yanow_trying_2021,\\n\\ttitle = {Trying {Lubet}'s ethnography: {On} methodology, writing, and ethics},\\n\\tcopyright = {© 2021 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor \\\\& Francis Group},\\n\\tissn = {2156-5503},\\n\\tshorttitle = {Trying {Lubet}'s ethnography},\\n\\turl = {https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/21565503.2021.1963993},\\n\\tabstract = {Published in Politics, Groups, and Identities (Vol. 9, No. 4, 2021)},\\n\\tlanguage = {EN},\\n\\turldate = {2024-08-14},\\n\\tjournal = {Politics, Groups, and Identities},\\n\\tauthor = {Yanow, Dvora},\\n\\tmonth = aug,\\n\\tyear = {2021},\\n\\tnote = {Publisher: Routledge},\\n}\\n\\n\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Yanow, D.\"],\"key\":\"yanow_trying_2021\",\"id\":\"yanow_trying_2021\",\"bibbaseid\":\"yanow-tryinglubetsethnographyonmethodologywritingandethics-2021\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{\"Paper\":\"https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/21565503.2021.1963993\"},\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"article\",\"type\":\"article\",\"title\":\"Sources of evidence and openness in field-intensive research on violent conflict\",\"copyright\":\"© 2021 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group\",\"issn\":\"2156-5503\",\"url\":\"https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/21565503.2021.1950015\",\"abstract\":\"This article engages with Steven Lubet’s arguments in Interrogating Ethnography on reliability of evidence and replication of findings in ethnographic research. It draws on eight months of immersiv...\",\"language\":\"EN\",\"urldate\":\"2024-08-14\",\"journal\":\"Politics, Groups, and Identities\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Shesterinina\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Anastasia\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"month\":\"August\",\"year\":\"2021\",\"note\":\"Publisher: Routledge\",\"bibtex\":\"@article{shesterinina_sources_2021,\\n\\ttitle = {Sources of evidence and openness in field-intensive research on violent conflict},\\n\\tcopyright = {© 2021 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor \\\\& Francis Group},\\n\\tissn = {2156-5503},\\n\\turl = {https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/21565503.2021.1950015},\\n\\tabstract = {This article engages with Steven Lubet’s arguments in Interrogating Ethnography on reliability of evidence and replication of findings in ethnographic research. It draws on eight months of immersiv...},\\n\\tlanguage = {EN},\\n\\turldate = {2024-08-14},\\n\\tjournal = {Politics, Groups, and Identities},\\n\\tauthor = {Shesterinina, Anastasia},\\n\\tmonth = aug,\\n\\tyear = {2021},\\n\\tnote = {Publisher: Routledge},\\n}\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Shesterinina, A.\"],\"key\":\"shesterinina_sources_2021\",\"id\":\"shesterinina_sources_2021\",\"bibbaseid\":\"shesterinina-sourcesofevidenceandopennessinfieldintensiveresearchonviolentconflict-2021\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{\"Paper\":\"https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/21565503.2021.1950015\"},\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"article\",\"type\":\"article\",\"title\":\"Interpretive sufficiency: where evidence in journalism and ethnography meet\",\"copyright\":\"© 2021 Western Political Science Association\",\"issn\":\"2156-5503\",\"shorttitle\":\"Interpretive sufficiency\",\"url\":\"https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/21565503.2021.1960868\",\"abstract\":\"In Interrogating Ethnography, Steven Lubet urges ethnographers to adopt norms of journalism to improve their standards of accuracy and ethics. I examine the purpose and separate evolutions of ethno...\",\"language\":\"EN\",\"urldate\":\"2024-08-14\",\"journal\":\"Politics, Groups, and Identities\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Batt\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Sharon\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"month\":\"August\",\"year\":\"2021\",\"note\":\"Publisher: Routledge\",\"bibtex\":\"@article{batt_interpretive_2021,\\n\\ttitle = {Interpretive sufficiency: where evidence in journalism and ethnography meet},\\n\\tcopyright = {© 2021 Western Political Science Association},\\n\\tissn = {2156-5503},\\n\\tshorttitle = {Interpretive sufficiency},\\n\\turl = {https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/21565503.2021.1960868},\\n\\tabstract = {In Interrogating Ethnography, Steven Lubet urges ethnographers to adopt norms of journalism to improve their standards of accuracy and ethics. I examine the purpose and separate evolutions of ethno...},\\n\\tlanguage = {EN},\\n\\turldate = {2024-08-14},\\n\\tjournal = {Politics, Groups, and Identities},\\n\\tauthor = {Batt, Sharon},\\n\\tmonth = aug,\\n\\tyear = {2021},\\n\\tnote = {Publisher: Routledge},\\n}\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Batt, S.\"],\"key\":\"batt_interpretive_2021\",\"id\":\"batt_interpretive_2021\",\"bibbaseid\":\"batt-interpretivesufficiencywhereevidenceinjournalismandethnographymeet-2021\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{\"Paper\":\"https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/21565503.2021.1960868\"},\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"article\",\"type\":\"article\",\"title\":\"Reading paperwork realistically\",\"copyright\":\"© 2021 Western Political Science Association\",\"issn\":\"2156-5503\",\"url\":\"https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/21565503.2021.1960869\",\"abstract\":\"According to Steven Lubet, documentation freezes facts in time. For this reason, it is, he thinks, more reliable than other kinds of evidence. That makes it especially useful for fact checking. How...\",\"language\":\"EN\",\"urldate\":\"2024-08-14\",\"journal\":\"Politics, Groups, and Identities\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Cheesman\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Nick\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"month\":\"August\",\"year\":\"2021\",\"note\":\"Publisher: Routledge\",\"bibtex\":\"@article{cheesman_reading_2021,\\n\\ttitle = {Reading paperwork realistically},\\n\\tcopyright = {© 2021 Western Political Science Association},\\n\\tissn = {2156-5503},\\n\\turl = {https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/21565503.2021.1960869},\\n\\tabstract = {According to Steven Lubet, documentation freezes facts in time. For this reason, it is, he thinks, more reliable than other kinds of evidence. That makes it especially useful for fact checking. How...},\\n\\tlanguage = {EN},\\n\\turldate = {2024-08-14},\\n\\tjournal = {Politics, Groups, and Identities},\\n\\tauthor = {Cheesman, Nick},\\n\\tmonth = aug,\\n\\tyear = {2021},\\n\\tnote = {Publisher: Routledge},\\n}\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Cheesman, N.\"],\"key\":\"cheesman_reading_2021\",\"id\":\"cheesman_reading_2021\",\"bibbaseid\":\"cheesman-readingpaperworkrealistically-2021\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{\"Paper\":\"https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/21565503.2021.1960869\"},\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"article\",\"type\":\"article\",\"title\":\"Ethnography on Trial: Introduction to the Dialogue\",\"copyright\":\"© 2021 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group\",\"issn\":\"2156-5503\",\"shorttitle\":\"Ethnography on Trial\",\"url\":\"https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/21565503.2021.1963992\",\"abstract\":\"Published in Politics, Groups, and Identities (Vol. 9, No. 4, 2021)\",\"language\":\"EN\",\"urldate\":\"2024-08-14\",\"journal\":\"Politics, Groups, and Identities\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Yanow\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Dvora\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"month\":\"August\",\"year\":\"2021\",\"note\":\"Publisher: Routledge\",\"bibtex\":\"@article{yanow_ethnography_2021,\\n\\ttitle = {Ethnography on {Trial}: {Introduction} to the {Dialogue}},\\n\\tcopyright = {© 2021 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor \\\\& Francis Group},\\n\\tissn = {2156-5503},\\n\\tshorttitle = {Ethnography on {Trial}},\\n\\turl = {https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/21565503.2021.1963992},\\n\\tabstract = {Published in Politics, Groups, and Identities (Vol. 9, No. 4, 2021)},\\n\\tlanguage = {EN},\\n\\turldate = {2024-08-14},\\n\\tjournal = {Politics, Groups, and Identities},\\n\\tauthor = {Yanow, Dvora},\\n\\tmonth = aug,\\n\\tyear = {2021},\\n\\tnote = {Publisher: Routledge},\\n}\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Yanow, D.\"],\"key\":\"yanow_ethnography_2021\",\"id\":\"yanow_ethnography_2021\",\"bibbaseid\":\"yanow-ethnographyontrialintroductiontothedialogue-2021\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{\"Paper\":\"https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/21565503.2021.1963992\"},\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"article\",\"type\":\"article\",\"title\":\"Thin Descriptions: The Limits of Survey Research on the Meaning of Democracy\",\"volume\":\"46\",\"issn\":\"0032-3497, 1744-1684\",\"shorttitle\":\"Thin Descriptions\",\"url\":\"https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/10.1057/pol.2014.14\",\"doi\":\"10.1057/pol.2014.14\",\"language\":\"en\",\"number\":\"3\",\"urldate\":\"2024-08-14\",\"journal\":\"Polity\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Schaffer\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Frederic\",\"Charles\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"month\":\"July\",\"year\":\"2014\",\"pages\":\"303–330\",\"bibtex\":\"@article{schaffer_thin_2014,\\n\\ttitle = {Thin {Descriptions}: {The} {Limits} of {Survey} {Research} on the {Meaning} of {Democracy}},\\n\\tvolume = {46},\\n\\tissn = {0032-3497, 1744-1684},\\n\\tshorttitle = {Thin {Descriptions}},\\n\\turl = {https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/10.1057/pol.2014.14},\\n\\tdoi = {10.1057/pol.2014.14},\\n\\tlanguage = {en},\\n\\tnumber = {3},\\n\\turldate = {2024-08-14},\\n\\tjournal = {Polity},\\n\\tauthor = {Schaffer, Frederic Charles},\\n\\tmonth = jul,\\n\\tyear = {2014},\\n\\tpages = {303--330},\\n}\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Schaffer, F. C.\"],\"key\":\"schaffer_thin_2014\",\"id\":\"schaffer_thin_2014\",\"bibbaseid\":\"schaffer-thindescriptionsthelimitsofsurveyresearchonthemeaningofdemocracy-2014\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{\"Paper\":\"https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/10.1057/pol.2014.14\"},\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"misc\",\"type\":\"misc\",\"title\":\"NSF Workshop on Interpretive Methodologies in Political Science\",\"abstract\":\"Handout for Yanow & Schwartz-Shea, Tuesday afternoon session on Interpretive approaches to public policy and public administration\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Yanow\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Dvora\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Schwartz-Shea\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Peregrine\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"month\":\"September\",\"year\":\"2009\",\"bibtex\":\"@misc{yanow_nsf_2009,\\n\\ttitle = {{NSF} {Workshop} on {Interpretive} {Methodologies} in {Political} {Science}},\\n\\tabstract = {Handout for Yanow \\\\& Schwartz-Shea, Tuesday afternoon session on Interpretive approaches to public policy and public administration},\\n\\tauthor = {Yanow, Dvora and Schwartz-Shea, Peregrine},\\n\\tmonth = sep,\\n\\tyear = {2009},\\n}\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Yanow, D.\",\"Schwartz-Shea, P.\"],\"key\":\"yanow_nsf_2009\",\"id\":\"yanow_nsf_2009\",\"bibbaseid\":\"yanow-schwartzshea-nsfworkshoponinterpretivemethodologiesinpoliticalscience-2009\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{},\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"misc\",\"type\":\"misc\",\"title\":\"Interpretive Works in Political Science, International Studies, and Related Fields: A Resource Bibliography\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Harris\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Christina\",\"V.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Kim\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Nancy\",\"Y.\",\"J.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Radomski\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Julie\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"month\":\"June\",\"year\":\"2022\",\"bibtex\":\"@misc{harris_interpretive_2022,\\n\\ttitle = {Interpretive {Works} in {Political} {Science}, {International} {Studies}, and {Related} {Fields}: {A} {Resource} {Bibliography}},\\n\\tauthor = {Harris, Christina V. and Kim, Nancy Y. J. and Radomski, Julie},\\n\\tmonth = jun,\\n\\tyear = {2022},\\n}\\n\\n\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Harris, C. V.\",\"Kim, N. Y. J.\",\"Radomski, J.\"],\"key\":\"harris_interpretive_2022\",\"id\":\"harris_interpretive_2022\",\"bibbaseid\":\"harris-kim-radomski-interpretiveworksinpoliticalscienceinternationalstudiesandrelatedfieldsaresourcebibliography-2022\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{},\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"article\",\"type\":\"article\",\"title\":\"Transparency and Integrity in Conducting Field Research on Politics in Challenging Contexts\",\"volume\":\"16\",\"issn\":\"1537-5927, 1541-0986\",\"url\":\"https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/perspectives-on-politics/article/abs/transparency-and-integrity-in-conducting-field-research-on-politics-in-challenging-contexts/9612E174B54B3E22CF29B2D942260B6D\",\"doi\":\"10.1017/S1537592718001056\",\"abstract\":\"//static.cambridge.org/content/id/urn%3Acambridge.org%3Aid%3Aarticle%3AS1537592718001056/resource/name/firstPage-S1537592718001056a.jpg\",\"language\":\"en\",\"number\":\"3\",\"urldate\":\"2024-08-14\",\"journal\":\"Perspectives on Politics\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Tripp\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Aili\",\"Mari\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"month\":\"September\",\"year\":\"2018\",\"pages\":\"728–738\",\"bibtex\":\"@article{tripp_transparency_2018,\\n\\ttitle = {Transparency and {Integrity} in {Conducting} {Field} {Research} on {Politics} in {Challenging} {Contexts}},\\n\\tvolume = {16},\\n\\tissn = {1537-5927, 1541-0986},\\n\\turl = {https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/perspectives-on-politics/article/abs/transparency-and-integrity-in-conducting-field-research-on-politics-in-challenging-contexts/9612E174B54B3E22CF29B2D942260B6D},\\n\\tdoi = {10.1017/S1537592718001056},\\n\\tabstract = {//static.cambridge.org/content/id/urn\\\\%3Acambridge.org\\\\%3Aid\\\\%3Aarticle\\\\%3AS1537592718001056/resource/name/firstPage-S1537592718001056a.jpg},\\n\\tlanguage = {en},\\n\\tnumber = {3},\\n\\turldate = {2024-08-14},\\n\\tjournal = {Perspectives on Politics},\\n\\tauthor = {Tripp, Aili Mari},\\n\\tmonth = sep,\\n\\tyear = {2018},\\n\\tpages = {728--738},\\n}\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Tripp, A. M.\"],\"key\":\"tripp_transparency_2018\",\"id\":\"tripp_transparency_2018\",\"bibbaseid\":\"tripp-transparencyandintegrityinconductingfieldresearchonpoliticsinchallengingcontexts-2018\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{\"Paper\":\"https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/perspectives-on-politics/article/abs/transparency-and-integrity-in-conducting-field-research-on-politics-in-challenging-contexts/9612E174B54B3E22CF29B2D942260B6D\"},\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"misc\",\"type\":\"misc\",\"title\":\"Negotiating Data Management with The National Science Foundation: Transparency And Ethics In Research Relationships\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Krystalli\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Roxani\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"month\":\"May\",\"year\":\"2018\",\"bibtex\":\"@misc{krystalli_negotiating_2018,\\n\\ttitle = {Negotiating {Data} {Management} with {The} {National} {Science} {Foundation}: {Transparency} {And} {Ethics} {In} {Research} {Relationships}},\\n\\tauthor = {Krystalli, Roxani},\\n\\tmonth = may,\\n\\tyear = {2018},\\n}\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Krystalli, R.\"],\"key\":\"krystalli_negotiating_2018\",\"id\":\"krystalli_negotiating_2018\",\"bibbaseid\":\"krystalli-negotiatingdatamanagementwiththenationalsciencefoundationtransparencyandethicsinresearchrelationships-2018\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{},\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"article\",\"type\":\"article\",\"title\":\"Beyond the Field: Ethics after Fieldwork in Politically Dynamic Contexts\",\"volume\":\"17\",\"issn\":\"1537-5927, 1541-0986\",\"shorttitle\":\"Beyond the Field\",\"url\":\"https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/perspectives-on-politics/article/beyond-the-field-ethics-after-fieldwork-in-politically-dynamic-contexts/2733AF7906407A9F5D93D0A7C844B459\",\"doi\":\"10.1017/S1537592718002116\",\"abstract\":\"As researchers, when do our ethical obligations end? How should our ethical obligations respond to dynamic and unstable political contexts? Political scientists frequently work in dynamic political situations that can pose new ethical questions beyond those existing at the point of fieldwork. Yet, research ethics are often conceived in terms of a static, if not hermetically sealed, field site that remains frozen in time at the point we conduct fieldwork and collect data. I argue, first, that we need to consider more systematically how a dynamic field intersects with ethical obligations. Second, I argue that new and unexpected ethical questions can emerge after exiting the field, including responsibilities to research participants, dissemination, and publication, and returning to the field, which should be a part of how we conceive of ethical obligations.\",\"language\":\"en\",\"number\":\"1\",\"urldate\":\"2024-08-14\",\"journal\":\"Perspectives on Politics\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Knott\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Eleanor\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"month\":\"March\",\"year\":\"2019\",\"pages\":\"140–153\",\"bibtex\":\"@article{knott_beyond_2019,\\n\\ttitle = {Beyond the {Field}: {Ethics} after {Fieldwork} in {Politically} {Dynamic} {Contexts}},\\n\\tvolume = {17},\\n\\tissn = {1537-5927, 1541-0986},\\n\\tshorttitle = {Beyond the {Field}},\\n\\turl = {https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/perspectives-on-politics/article/beyond-the-field-ethics-after-fieldwork-in-politically-dynamic-contexts/2733AF7906407A9F5D93D0A7C844B459},\\n\\tdoi = {10.1017/S1537592718002116},\\n\\tabstract = {As researchers, when do our ethical obligations end? How should our ethical obligations respond to dynamic and unstable political contexts? Political scientists frequently work in dynamic political situations that can pose new ethical questions beyond those existing at the point of fieldwork. Yet, research ethics are often conceived in terms of a static, if not hermetically sealed, field site that remains frozen in time at the point we conduct fieldwork and collect data. I argue, first, that we need to consider more systematically how a dynamic field intersects with ethical obligations. Second, I argue that new and unexpected ethical questions can emerge after exiting the field, including responsibilities to research participants, dissemination, and publication, and returning to the field, which should be a part of how we conceive of ethical obligations.},\\n\\tlanguage = {en},\\n\\tnumber = {1},\\n\\turldate = {2024-08-14},\\n\\tjournal = {Perspectives on Politics},\\n\\tauthor = {Knott, Eleanor},\\n\\tmonth = mar,\\n\\tyear = {2019},\\n\\tpages = {140--153},\\n}\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Knott, E.\"],\"key\":\"knott_beyond_2019\",\"id\":\"knott_beyond_2019\",\"bibbaseid\":\"knott-beyondthefieldethicsafterfieldworkinpoliticallydynamiccontexts-2019\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{\"Paper\":\"https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/perspectives-on-politics/article/beyond-the-field-ethics-after-fieldwork-in-politically-dynamic-contexts/2733AF7906407A9F5D93D0A7C844B459\"},\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"inproceedings\",\"type\":\"inproceedings\",\"address\":\"San Francisco\",\"title\":\"Thinking about Journals, IRBs, and Research Partners (Interviewees)\",\"booktitle\":\"Excerpt from a paper presented at the roundtable “Will the real ‘research ethics’ stand up? IRBs, DA-RT, QTD, and the APSA Ethics Guide in the age of Trump”\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Harper\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Robin\",\"A.\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"month\":\"March\",\"year\":\"2018\",\"bibtex\":\"@inproceedings{harper_thinking_2018,\\n\\taddress = {San Francisco},\\n\\ttitle = {Thinking about {Journals}, {IRBs}, and {Research} {Partners} ({Interviewees})},\\n\\tbooktitle = {Excerpt from a paper presented at the roundtable “{Will} the real ‘research ethics’ stand up? {IRBs}, {DA}-{RT}, {QTD}, and the {APSA} {Ethics} {Guide} in the age of {Trump}”},\\n\\tauthor = {Harper, Robin A.},\\n\\tmonth = mar,\\n\\tyear = {2018},\\n}\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Harper, R. A.\"],\"key\":\"harper_thinking_2018\",\"id\":\"harper_thinking_2018\",\"bibbaseid\":\"harper-thinkingaboutjournalsirbsandresearchpartnersinterviewees-2018\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{},\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"misc\",\"type\":\"misc\",\"title\":\"Interviews - E-International Relations\",\"url\":\"https://www.e-ir.info/author/e-international-relations/\",\"language\":\"en-US\",\"urldate\":\"2024-08-14\",\"journal\":\"Features - E-International Relations\",\"bibtex\":\"@misc{noauthor_interviews_nodate,\\n\\ttitle = {Interviews - {E}-{International} {Relations}},\\n\\turl = {https://www.e-ir.info/author/e-international-relations/},\\n\\tlanguage = {en-US},\\n\\turldate = {2024-08-14},\\n\\tjournal = {Features - E-International Relations},\\n}\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\",\"key\":\"noauthor_interviews_nodate\",\"id\":\"noauthor_interviews_nodate\",\"bibbaseid\":\"anonymous-interviewseinternationalrelations\",\"role\":\"\",\"urls\":{\"Paper\":\"https://www.e-ir.info/author/e-international-relations/\"},\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"misc\",\"type\":\"misc\",\"title\":\"Interview - Charles King\",\"url\":\"https://www.e-ir.info/2015/10/18/interview-charles-king/\",\"abstract\":\"Professor King discusses the decline of International Studies, the growth of quantitative methods in IR, and the issue of presenting research findings to wider audiences.\",\"language\":\"en-US\",\"urldate\":\"2024-08-14\",\"journal\":\"E-International Relations\",\"author\":[{\"firstnames\":[\"E-International\"],\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Relations\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"month\":\"October\",\"year\":\"2015\",\"bibtex\":\"@misc{e-international_relations_interview_2015,\\n\\ttitle = {Interview - {Charles} {King}},\\n\\turl = {https://www.e-ir.info/2015/10/18/interview-charles-king/},\\n\\tabstract = {Professor King discusses the decline of International Studies, the growth of quantitative methods in IR, and the issue of presenting research findings to wider audiences.},\\n\\tlanguage = {en-US},\\n\\turldate = {2024-08-14},\\n\\tjournal = {E-International Relations},\\n\\tauthor = {E-International Relations},\\n\\tmonth = oct,\\n\\tyear = {2015},\\n}\\n\\n\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Relations, E.\"],\"key\":\"e-international_relations_interview_2015\",\"id\":\"e-international_relations_interview_2015\",\"bibbaseid\":\"relations-interviewcharlesking-2015\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{\"Paper\":\"https://www.e-ir.info/2015/10/18/interview-charles-king/\"},\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"article\",\"type\":\"article\",\"title\":\"The policy sciences as science\",\"volume\":\"15\",\"issn\":\"1573-0891\",\"url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00143074\",\"doi\":\"10.1007/BF00143074\",\"abstract\":\"The preceding evaluation of the policy sciences by Schneider, Stevens, and Tornatzky is based on a rather narrow conception of science that emphasizes quantitative and rigorous methods. It overlooks the limitations of such methods, as revealed by the results of applications, and certain adjustments to these limitations. The latter include the adoption of more modest but realizable aspirations and the synthesis of diverse methods-qualitative as well as quantitative, exploratory as well as confirmatory. It also overlooks differences and trends in epistemological preconceptions that underlie the conduct of research and the interpretation of research results. This article reviews the relevant literature in the hope that it might eventually contribute to more enlightened evaluations of the emerging discipline.\",\"language\":\"en\",\"number\":\"2\",\"urldate\":\"2024-08-13\",\"journal\":\"Policy Sciences\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Brunner\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Ronald\",\"D.\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"month\":\"December\",\"year\":\"1982\",\"keywords\":\"Economic Policy, Policy Science, Preceding Evaluation, Relevant Literature, Research Result\",\"pages\":\"115–135\",\"bibtex\":\"@article{brunner_policy_1982,\\n\\ttitle = {The policy sciences as science},\\n\\tvolume = {15},\\n\\tissn = {1573-0891},\\n\\turl = {https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00143074},\\n\\tdoi = {10.1007/BF00143074},\\n\\tabstract = {The preceding evaluation of the policy sciences by Schneider, Stevens, and Tornatzky is based on a rather narrow conception of science that emphasizes quantitative and rigorous methods. It overlooks the limitations of such methods, as revealed by the results of applications, and certain adjustments to these limitations. The latter include the adoption of more modest but realizable aspirations and the synthesis of diverse methods-qualitative as well as quantitative, exploratory as well as confirmatory. It also overlooks differences and trends in epistemological preconceptions that underlie the conduct of research and the interpretation of research results. This article reviews the relevant literature in the hope that it might eventually contribute to more enlightened evaluations of the emerging discipline.},\\n\\tlanguage = {en},\\n\\tnumber = {2},\\n\\turldate = {2024-08-13},\\n\\tjournal = {Policy Sciences},\\n\\tauthor = {Brunner, Ronald D.},\\n\\tmonth = dec,\\n\\tyear = {1982},\\n\\tkeywords = {Economic Policy, Policy Science, Preceding Evaluation, Relevant Literature, Research Result},\\n\\tpages = {115--135},\\n}\\n\\n\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Brunner, R. D.\"],\"key\":\"brunner_policy_1982\",\"id\":\"brunner_policy_1982\",\"bibbaseid\":\"brunner-thepolicysciencesasscience-1982\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{\"Paper\":\"https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00143074\"},\"keyword\":[\"Economic Policy\",\"Policy Science\",\"Preceding Evaluation\",\"Relevant Literature\",\"Research Result\"],\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"article\",\"type\":\"article\",\"title\":\"Policy analysis as a hermeneutic activity\",\"volume\":\"14\",\"issn\":\"1573-0891\",\"url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00137394\",\"doi\":\"10.1007/BF00137394\",\"abstract\":\"Any piece of policy analysis must be appropriate to the context of its intended use. Social science often fails as policy analysis due to insensitivity to context. This paper explores a number of different modes of policy analysis to determine the circumstances in which the application of each is appropriate. It is argued that each mode is appropriate only under a fairly limited set of conditions; many of the problems policy analysis encounters are a result of attempts to apply a mode outside its niche. Greater use should be made of what is developed here as a hermeneutic model of policy analysis, appropriate in a residual set of conditions which none of the traditional models of policy analysis copes with adequately.\",\"language\":\"en\",\"number\":\"4\",\"urldate\":\"2024-08-13\",\"journal\":\"Policy Sciences\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Dryzek\"],\"firstnames\":[\"John\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"month\":\"August\",\"year\":\"1982\",\"keywords\":\"Economic Policy, Policy Analysis, Problem Policy, Social Science, Traditional Model\",\"pages\":\"309–329\",\"bibtex\":\"@article{dryzek_policy_1982,\\n\\ttitle = {Policy analysis as a hermeneutic activity},\\n\\tvolume = {14},\\n\\tissn = {1573-0891},\\n\\turl = {https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00137394},\\n\\tdoi = {10.1007/BF00137394},\\n\\tabstract = {Any piece of policy analysis must be appropriate to the context of its intended use. Social science often fails as policy analysis due to insensitivity to context. This paper explores a number of different modes of policy analysis to determine the circumstances in which the application of each is appropriate. It is argued that each mode is appropriate only under a fairly limited set of conditions; many of the problems policy analysis encounters are a result of attempts to apply a mode outside its niche. Greater use should be made of what is developed here as a hermeneutic model of policy analysis, appropriate in a residual set of conditions which none of the traditional models of policy analysis copes with adequately.},\\n\\tlanguage = {en},\\n\\tnumber = {4},\\n\\turldate = {2024-08-13},\\n\\tjournal = {Policy Sciences},\\n\\tauthor = {Dryzek, John},\\n\\tmonth = aug,\\n\\tyear = {1982},\\n\\tkeywords = {Economic Policy, Policy Analysis, Problem Policy, Social Science, Traditional Model},\\n\\tpages = {309--329},\\n}\\n\\n\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Dryzek, J.\"],\"key\":\"dryzek_policy_1982\",\"id\":\"dryzek_policy_1982\",\"bibbaseid\":\"dryzek-policyanalysisasahermeneuticactivity-1982\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{\"Paper\":\"https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00137394\"},\"keyword\":[\"Economic Policy\",\"Policy Analysis\",\"Problem Policy\",\"Social Science\",\"Traditional Model\"],\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"incollection\",\"type\":\"incollection\",\"title\":\"Interpretive social science and policy analysis\",\"isbn\":\"978-1-4684-7015-4\",\"abstract\":\"The social sciences playa variety of multifaceted roles in the policymaking process. So varied are these roles, indeed, that it is futile to talk in the singular about the use of social science in policymaking, as if there were one constant relationship between two fixed and stable entities. Instead, to address this issue sensibly one must talk in the plural about uses of dif ferent modes of social scientific inquiry for different kinds of policies under various circumstances. In some cases, the influence of social scientific research is direct and tangible, and the connection between the find ings and the policy is easy to see. In other cases, perhaps most, its influence is indirect-one small piece in a larger mosaic of politics, bargaining, and compromise. Occasionally the findings of social scientific studies are explicitly drawn upon by policymakers in the formation, implementation, or evaluation of particular policies. More often, the categories and theoretical models of social science provide a general background orientation within which policymakers concep tualize problems and frame policy options. At times, the in fluence of social scientific work is cognitive and informational in nature; in other instances, policymakers use social science primarily for symbolic and political purposes in order to le gitimate preestablished goals and strategies. Nonetheless, amid this diversity and variety, troubling general questions persistently arise.\",\"language\":\"en\",\"booktitle\":\"Ethics, The Social Sciences, and Policy Analysis\",\"publisher\":\"Springer Science & Business Media\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Jennings\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Bruce\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"editor\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Callahan\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Daniel\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Jennings\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Bruce\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"month\":\"December\",\"year\":\"2012\",\"note\":\"Google-Books-ID: y03uBwAAQBAJ\",\"keywords\":\"Philosophy / Ethics & Moral Philosophy, Philosophy / General, Social Science / General\",\"pages\":\"Ch 1\",\"bibtex\":\"@incollection{callahan_interpretive_2012,\\n\\ttitle = {Interpretive social science and policy analysis},\\n\\tisbn = {978-1-4684-7015-4},\\n\\tabstract = {The social sciences playa variety of multifaceted roles in the policymaking process. So varied are these roles, indeed, that it is futile to talk in the singular about the use of social science in policymaking, as if there were one constant relationship between two fixed and stable entities. Instead, to address this issue sensibly one must talk in the plural about uses of dif ferent modes of social scientific inquiry for different kinds of policies under various circumstances. In some cases, the influence of social scientific research is direct and tangible, and the connection between the find ings and the policy is easy to see. In other cases, perhaps most, its influence is indirect-one small piece in a larger mosaic of politics, bargaining, and compromise. Occasionally the findings of social scientific studies are explicitly drawn upon by policymakers in the formation, implementation, or evaluation of particular policies. More often, the categories and theoretical models of social science provide a general background orientation within which policymakers concep tualize problems and frame policy options. At times, the in fluence of social scientific work is cognitive and informational in nature; in other instances, policymakers use social science primarily for symbolic and political purposes in order to le gitimate preestablished goals and strategies. Nonetheless, amid this diversity and variety, troubling general questions persistently arise.},\\n\\tlanguage = {en},\\n\\tbooktitle = {Ethics, {The} {Social} {Sciences}, and {Policy} {Analysis}},\\n\\tpublisher = {Springer Science \\\\& Business Media},\\n\\tauthor = {Jennings, Bruce},\\n\\teditor = {Callahan, Daniel and Jennings, Bruce},\\n\\tmonth = dec,\\n\\tyear = {2012},\\n\\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: y03uBwAAQBAJ},\\n\\tkeywords = {Philosophy / Ethics \\\\& Moral Philosophy, Philosophy / General, Social Science / General},\\n\\tpages = {Ch 1},\\n}\\n\\n\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Jennings, B.\"],\"editor_short\":[\"Callahan, D.\",\"Jennings, B.\"],\"key\":\"callahan_interpretive_2012\",\"id\":\"callahan_interpretive_2012\",\"bibbaseid\":\"jennings-interpretivesocialscienceandpolicyanalysis-2012\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{},\"keyword\":[\"Philosophy / Ethics & Moral Philosophy\",\"Philosophy / General\",\"Social Science / General\"],\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"incollection\",\"type\":\"incollection\",\"address\":\"London, UK\",\"title\":\"Action frames and problem setting.\",\"booktitle\":\"From Policy to Practice\",\"publisher\":\"Macmillan\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Rein\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Martin\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"year\":\"1983\",\"pages\":\"221–234\",\"bibtex\":\"@incollection{rein_action_1983,\\n\\taddress = {London, UK},\\n\\ttitle = {Action frames and problem setting.},\\n\\tbooktitle = {From {Policy} to {Practice}},\\n\\tpublisher = {Macmillan},\\n\\tauthor = {Rein, Martin},\\n\\tyear = {1983},\\n\\tpages = {221--234},\\n}\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Rein, M.\"],\"key\":\"rein_action_1983\",\"id\":\"rein_action_1983\",\"bibbaseid\":\"rein-actionframesandproblemsetting-1983\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{},\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"incollection\",\"type\":\"incollection\",\"title\":\"Value-critical policy analysis\",\"isbn\":\"978-1-4684-7015-4\",\"abstract\":\"The social sciences playa variety of multifaceted roles in the policymaking process. So varied are these roles, indeed, that it is futile to talk in the singular about the use of social science in policymaking, as if there were one constant relationship between two fixed and stable entities. Instead, to address this issue sensibly one must talk in the plural about uses of dif ferent modes of social scientific inquiry for different kinds of policies under various circumstances. In some cases, the influence of social scientific research is direct and tangible, and the connection between the find ings and the policy is easy to see. In other cases, perhaps most, its influence is indirect-one small piece in a larger mosaic of politics, bargaining, and compromise. Occasionally the findings of social scientific studies are explicitly drawn upon by policymakers in the formation, implementation, or evaluation of particular policies. More often, the categories and theoretical models of social science provide a general background orientation within which policymakers concep tualize problems and frame policy options. At times, the in fluence of social scientific work is cognitive and informational in nature; in other instances, policymakers use social science primarily for symbolic and political purposes in order to le gitimate preestablished goals and strategies. Nonetheless, amid this diversity and variety, troubling general questions persistently arise.\",\"language\":\"en\",\"booktitle\":\"Ethics, The Social Sciences, and Policy Analysis\",\"publisher\":\"Springer Science & Business Media\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Rein\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Martin\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"editor\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Callahan\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Daniel\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Jennings\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Bruce\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"month\":\"December\",\"year\":\"2012\",\"note\":\"Google-Books-ID: y03uBwAAQBAJ\",\"keywords\":\"Philosophy / Ethics & Moral Philosophy, Philosophy / General, Social Science / General\",\"bibtex\":\"@incollection{callahan_value-critical_2012,\\n\\ttitle = {Value-critical policy analysis},\\n\\tisbn = {978-1-4684-7015-4},\\n\\tabstract = {The social sciences playa variety of multifaceted roles in the policymaking process. So varied are these roles, indeed, that it is futile to talk in the singular about the use of social science in policymaking, as if there were one constant relationship between two fixed and stable entities. Instead, to address this issue sensibly one must talk in the plural about uses of dif ferent modes of social scientific inquiry for different kinds of policies under various circumstances. In some cases, the influence of social scientific research is direct and tangible, and the connection between the find ings and the policy is easy to see. In other cases, perhaps most, its influence is indirect-one small piece in a larger mosaic of politics, bargaining, and compromise. Occasionally the findings of social scientific studies are explicitly drawn upon by policymakers in the formation, implementation, or evaluation of particular policies. More often, the categories and theoretical models of social science provide a general background orientation within which policymakers concep tualize problems and frame policy options. At times, the in fluence of social scientific work is cognitive and informational in nature; in other instances, policymakers use social science primarily for symbolic and political purposes in order to le gitimate preestablished goals and strategies. Nonetheless, amid this diversity and variety, troubling general questions persistently arise.},\\n\\tlanguage = {en},\\n\\tbooktitle = {Ethics, {The} {Social} {Sciences}, and {Policy} {Analysis}},\\n\\tpublisher = {Springer Science \\\\& Business Media},\\n\\tauthor = {Rein, Martin},\\n\\teditor = {Callahan, Daniel and Jennings, Bruce},\\n\\tmonth = dec,\\n\\tyear = {2012},\\n\\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: y03uBwAAQBAJ},\\n\\tkeywords = {Philosophy / Ethics \\\\& Moral Philosophy, Philosophy / General, Social Science / General},\\n}\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Rein, M.\"],\"editor_short\":[\"Callahan, D.\",\"Jennings, B.\"],\"key\":\"callahan_value-critical_2012\",\"id\":\"callahan_value-critical_2012\",\"bibbaseid\":\"rein-valuecriticalpolicyanalysis-2012\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{},\"keyword\":[\"Philosophy / Ethics & Moral Philosophy\",\"Philosophy / General\",\"Social Science / General\"],\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"book\",\"type\":\"book\",\"address\":\"United Kingdom\",\"title\":\"The Logic of Policy Inquiry\",\"isbn\":\"978-0-582-28356-5\",\"language\":\"en\",\"publisher\":\"Longman\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Paris\"],\"firstnames\":[\"David\",\"C.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Reynolds\"],\"firstnames\":[\"James\",\"F.\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"year\":\"1983\",\"note\":\"Google-Books-ID: qTWPAAAAIAAJ\",\"keywords\":\"Political Science / General, Political Science / Public Policy / General, Political Science / Public Policy / Social Services & Welfare\",\"bibtex\":\"@book{paris_logic_1983,\\n\\taddress = {United Kingdom},\\n\\ttitle = {The {Logic} of {Policy} {Inquiry}},\\n\\tisbn = {978-0-582-28356-5},\\n\\tlanguage = {en},\\n\\tpublisher = {Longman},\\n\\tauthor = {Paris, David C. and Reynolds, James F.},\\n\\tyear = {1983},\\n\\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: qTWPAAAAIAAJ},\\n\\tkeywords = {Political Science / General, Political Science / Public Policy / General, Political Science / Public Policy / Social Services \\\\& Welfare},\\n}\\n\\n\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Paris, D. C.\",\"Reynolds, J. F.\"],\"key\":\"paris_logic_1983\",\"id\":\"paris_logic_1983\",\"bibbaseid\":\"paris-reynolds-thelogicofpolicyinquiry-1983\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{},\"keyword\":[\"Political Science / General\",\"Political Science / Public Policy / General\",\"Political Science / Public Policy / Social Services & Welfare\"],\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"article\",\"type\":\"article\",\"title\":\"Social Policy: An Exercise in Metaphor\",\"volume\":\"7\",\"issn\":\"0164-0259\",\"shorttitle\":\"Social Policy\",\"url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1177/0164025985007002006\",\"doi\":\"10.1177/0164025985007002006\",\"abstract\":\"These day it is becoming common to emphasize the significant role metaphor plays in the human sciences. Donald Schön, for example, has recently highlighted its importance in social policy. However, this article argues a more radical interpretation of metaphor's ubiquitous presence in social policy (and, implicitly, in all forms of knowledge and practice). In doing this, it notes certain symptomatic shortcomings in Schön's treatment: His restricted notion of metaphor makes him unnecessarily cautious and ambivalent in certain regards, and unwarrantedly optimistic, indeed innocent, in others. Metaphor must not be considered intuitive and insightful verbal imagery in contrast to a judicious rationality of “critical inquiry.”\",\"language\":\"en\",\"number\":\"2\",\"urldate\":\"2024-08-13\",\"journal\":\"Knowledge\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Miller\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Donald\",\"F.\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"month\":\"December\",\"year\":\"1985\",\"note\":\"Publisher: SAGE Publications\",\"pages\":\"191–215\",\"bibtex\":\"@article{miller_social_1985,\\n\\ttitle = {Social {Policy}: {An} {Exercise} in {Metaphor}},\\n\\tvolume = {7},\\n\\tissn = {0164-0259},\\n\\tshorttitle = {Social {Policy}},\\n\\turl = {https://doi.org/10.1177/0164025985007002006},\\n\\tdoi = {10.1177/0164025985007002006},\\n\\tabstract = {These day it is becoming common to emphasize the significant role metaphor plays in the human sciences. Donald Schön, for example, has recently highlighted its importance in social policy. However, this article argues a more radical interpretation of metaphor's ubiquitous presence in social policy (and, implicitly, in all forms of knowledge and practice). In doing this, it notes certain symptomatic shortcomings in Schön's treatment: His restricted notion of metaphor makes him unnecessarily cautious and ambivalent in certain regards, and unwarrantedly optimistic, indeed innocent, in others. Metaphor must not be considered intuitive and insightful verbal imagery in contrast to a judicious rationality of “critical inquiry.”},\\n\\tlanguage = {en},\\n\\tnumber = {2},\\n\\turldate = {2024-08-13},\\n\\tjournal = {Knowledge},\\n\\tauthor = {Miller, Donald F.},\\n\\tmonth = dec,\\n\\tyear = {1985},\\n\\tnote = {Publisher: SAGE Publications},\\n\\tpages = {191--215},\\n}\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Miller, D. F.\"],\"key\":\"miller_social_1985\",\"id\":\"miller_social_1985\",\"bibbaseid\":\"miller-socialpolicyanexerciseinmetaphor-1985\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{\"Paper\":\"https://doi.org/10.1177/0164025985007002006\"},\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"article\",\"type\":\"article\",\"title\":\"Toward a Post-Positivist Policy Analysis\",\"volume\":\"13\",\"url\":\"https://www.proquest.com/openview/b82de32e0454ca2f11e96233281f89a2/1?pq-origsite=gscholar&cbl=1821520\",\"number\":\"1\",\"journal\":\"Policy Studies Journal\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Amy\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Douglas\",\"J.\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"month\":\"September\",\"year\":\"1984\",\"pages\":\"207\",\"bibtex\":\"@article{amy_toward_1984,\\n\\ttitle = {Toward a {Post}-{Positivist} {Policy} {Analysis}},\\n\\tvolume = {13},\\n\\turl = {https://www.proquest.com/openview/b82de32e0454ca2f11e96233281f89a2/1?pq-origsite=gscholar&cbl=1821520},\\n\\tnumber = {1},\\n\\tjournal = {Policy Studies Journal},\\n\\tauthor = {Amy, Douglas J.},\\n\\tmonth = sep,\\n\\tyear = {1984},\\n\\tpages = {207},\\n}\\n\\n\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Amy, D. J.\"],\"key\":\"amy_toward_1984\",\"id\":\"amy_toward_1984\",\"bibbaseid\":\"amy-towardapostpositivistpolicyanalysis-1984\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{\"Paper\":\"https://www.proquest.com/openview/b82de32e0454ca2f11e96233281f89a2/1?pq-origsite=gscholar&cbl=1821520\"},\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"book\",\"type\":\"book\",\"address\":\"Chicago, IL\",\"title\":\"Political Action: The Key to Understanding Politics\",\"isbn\":\"978-0-8040-0834-1\",\"shorttitle\":\"Political Action\",\"abstract\":\"Politics and the study of politics are at a watershed. They are deficient because they fail to respond to fundamental crises in our society, fail to incorporate new knowledge from other fields of study, and fail to allow citizens to function as mature human beings shaping their own destiny. Political Action demonstrates the need for a new political science which, in turn, may lead to a new politics more adequate to the problems of this era.Modern political science, as currently studied and practiced, is irrelevant for both public officials and citizens because it fails to focus on political action. Simpson and Beam provide a methodology for the study of political action and demonstrate how the study of political action using these methods provides a better understanding of politics and how these methods aid in identifying effective strategies for building a better America.Without a new focus on political action, political science will remain sterile and without a more humane politics, citizens will remain misinformed, apathetic, and helpless. Political Action is controversial because it challenges the profession of political science. It provides a \\\"paradigm shift\\\" in the field which is important for allied social science disciplines as well. For political strategists, it provides the methodological tool of political action propositions which allow a careful calculation of the effects of alternative strategies.\",\"language\":\"en\",\"publisher\":\"Swallow Press\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Beam\"],\"firstnames\":[\"George\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Simpson\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Dick\",\"W.\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"year\":\"1984\",\"note\":\"Google-Books-ID: ig8mAAAAMAAJ\",\"keywords\":\"Political Science / Civil Rights, Political Science / General, Political Science / Human Rights\",\"bibtex\":\"@book{beam_political_1984,\\n\\taddress = {Chicago, IL},\\n\\ttitle = {Political {Action}: {The} {Key} to {Understanding} {Politics}},\\n\\tisbn = {978-0-8040-0834-1},\\n\\tshorttitle = {Political {Action}},\\n\\tabstract = {Politics and the study of politics are at a watershed. They are deficient because they fail to respond to fundamental crises in our society, fail to incorporate new knowledge from other fields of study, and fail to allow citizens to function as mature human beings shaping their own destiny. Political Action demonstrates the need for a new political science which, in turn, may lead to a new politics more adequate to the problems of this era.Modern political science, as currently studied and practiced, is irrelevant for both public officials and citizens because it fails to focus on political action. Simpson and Beam provide a methodology for the study of political action and demonstrate how the study of political action using these methods provides a better understanding of politics and how these methods aid in identifying effective strategies for building a better America.Without a new focus on political action, political science will remain sterile and without a more humane politics, citizens will remain misinformed, apathetic, and helpless. Political Action is controversial because it challenges the profession of political science. It provides a \\\"paradigm shift\\\" in the field which is important for allied social science disciplines as well. For political strategists, it provides the methodological tool of political action propositions which allow a careful calculation of the effects of alternative strategies.},\\n\\tlanguage = {en},\\n\\tpublisher = {Swallow Press},\\n\\tauthor = {Beam, George and Simpson, Dick W.},\\n\\tyear = {1984},\\n\\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: ig8mAAAAMAAJ},\\n\\tkeywords = {Political Science / Civil Rights, Political Science / General, Political Science / Human Rights},\\n}\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Beam, G.\",\"Simpson, D. W.\"],\"key\":\"beam_political_1984\",\"id\":\"beam_political_1984\",\"bibbaseid\":\"beam-simpson-politicalactionthekeytounderstandingpolitics-1984\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{},\"keyword\":[\"Political Science / Civil Rights\",\"Political Science / General\",\"Political Science / Human Rights\"],\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"article\",\"type\":\"article\",\"title\":\"Contextual orientation in policy analysis: The contribution of Harold D. Lasswell\",\"volume\":\"18\",\"issn\":\"1573-0891\",\"shorttitle\":\"Contextual orientation in policy analysis\",\"url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00138911\",\"doi\":\"10.1007/BF00138911\",\"abstract\":\"Criticized for its generally positivist and technocratic orientation, the literature of public policy analysis has begun to generate proposals that would create a convergence between the field and the wider movement for a post-positivist restructuring of social inquiry. Ironically, critics have often focused on “policy science” as the epitomy of positivism and technocracy, giving little attention to the actual position of the figure responsible for the term - Harold D. Lasswell. Centering on Lasswell's key concept of contextual orientation, this article argues that, despite positivist influences, he developed an approach to inquiry and a proposal for a policy science profession which together clearly transcend positivism and technocracy- which, indeed, anticipate recent post-positivist proposals. Implications for policy analysis of a project of contextual orientation are also considered, along with problems in Lasswell's focus on professionalization.\",\"language\":\"en\",\"number\":\"3\",\"urldate\":\"2024-08-13\",\"journal\":\"Policy Sciences\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Torgerson\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Douglas\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"month\":\"November\",\"year\":\"1985\",\"keywords\":\"Economic Policy, Policy Analysis, Positivist Influence, Public Policy, Social Inquiry\",\"pages\":\"241–261\",\"bibtex\":\"@article{torgerson_contextual_1985,\\n\\ttitle = {Contextual orientation in policy analysis: {The} contribution of {Harold} {D}. {Lasswell}},\\n\\tvolume = {18},\\n\\tissn = {1573-0891},\\n\\tshorttitle = {Contextual orientation in policy analysis},\\n\\turl = {https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00138911},\\n\\tdoi = {10.1007/BF00138911},\\n\\tabstract = {Criticized for its generally positivist and technocratic orientation, the literature of public policy analysis has begun to generate proposals that would create a convergence between the field and the wider movement for a post-positivist restructuring of social inquiry. Ironically, critics have often focused on “policy science” as the epitomy of positivism and technocracy, giving little attention to the actual position of the figure responsible for the term - Harold D. Lasswell. Centering on Lasswell's key concept of contextual orientation, this article argues that, despite positivist influences, he developed an approach to inquiry and a proposal for a policy science profession which together clearly transcend positivism and technocracy- which, indeed, anticipate recent post-positivist proposals. Implications for policy analysis of a project of contextual orientation are also considered, along with problems in Lasswell's focus on professionalization.},\\n\\tlanguage = {en},\\n\\tnumber = {3},\\n\\turldate = {2024-08-13},\\n\\tjournal = {Policy Sciences},\\n\\tauthor = {Torgerson, Douglas},\\n\\tmonth = nov,\\n\\tyear = {1985},\\n\\tkeywords = {Economic Policy, Policy Analysis, Positivist Influence, Public Policy, Social Inquiry},\\n\\tpages = {241--261},\\n}\\n\\n\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Torgerson, D.\"],\"key\":\"torgerson_contextual_1985\",\"id\":\"torgerson_contextual_1985\",\"bibbaseid\":\"torgerson-contextualorientationinpolicyanalysisthecontributionofharolddlasswell-1985\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{\"Paper\":\"https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00138911\"},\"keyword\":[\"Economic Policy\",\"Policy Analysis\",\"Positivist Influence\",\"Public Policy\",\"Social Inquiry\"],\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"downloads\":0,\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"article\",\"type\":\"article\",\"title\":\"Between knowledge and politics: Three faces of policy analysis\",\"volume\":\"19\",\"issn\":\"1573-0891\",\"shorttitle\":\"Between knowledge and politics\",\"url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02124483\",\"doi\":\"10.1007/BF02124483\",\"abstract\":\"Various conceptual schemes have been employed to make sense of the diverse policy literature. Attempting to understand policy analysis in terms of its political and historical significance, this essay points to three distinct “faces,” distinguished with regard to differing relationships between knowledge and politcs: one where knowledge purports to replace politics, one where politics masquerades as knowledge, and one where knowledge and politics attain a measure of reconciliation. Historically, these three faces may be viewed, to an extent, as periods in the development of policy analysis: from positivism, to its critique, to present post-positivist efforts.\",\"language\":\"en\",\"number\":\"1\",\"urldate\":\"2024-08-13\",\"journal\":\"Policy Sciences\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Torgerson\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Douglas\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"month\":\"March\",\"year\":\"1986\",\"keywords\":\"Conceptual Scheme, Economic Policy, Historical Significance, Policy Analysis, Policy Literature\",\"pages\":\"33–59\",\"bibtex\":\"@article{torgerson_between_1986,\\n\\ttitle = {Between knowledge and politics: {Three} faces of policy analysis},\\n\\tvolume = {19},\\n\\tissn = {1573-0891},\\n\\tshorttitle = {Between knowledge and politics},\\n\\turl = {https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02124483},\\n\\tdoi = {10.1007/BF02124483},\\n\\tabstract = {Various conceptual schemes have been employed to make sense of the diverse policy literature. Attempting to understand policy analysis in terms of its political and historical significance, this essay points to three distinct “faces,” distinguished with regard to differing relationships between knowledge and politcs: one where knowledge purports to replace politics, one where politics masquerades as knowledge, and one where knowledge and politics attain a measure of reconciliation. Historically, these three faces may be viewed, to an extent, as periods in the development of policy analysis: from positivism, to its critique, to present post-positivist efforts.},\\n\\tlanguage = {en},\\n\\tnumber = {1},\\n\\turldate = {2024-08-13},\\n\\tjournal = {Policy Sciences},\\n\\tauthor = {Torgerson, Douglas},\\n\\tmonth = mar,\\n\\tyear = {1986},\\n\\tkeywords = {Conceptual Scheme, Economic Policy, Historical Significance, Policy Analysis, Policy Literature},\\n\\tpages = {33--59},\\n}\\n\\n\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Torgerson, D.\"],\"key\":\"torgerson_between_1986\",\"id\":\"torgerson_between_1986\",\"bibbaseid\":\"torgerson-betweenknowledgeandpoliticsthreefacesofpolicyanalysis-1986\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{\"Paper\":\"https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02124483\"},\"keyword\":[\"Conceptual Scheme\",\"Economic Policy\",\"Historical Significance\",\"Policy Analysis\",\"Policy Literature\"],\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"downloads\":0,\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"article\",\"type\":\"article\",\"title\":\"Interpretive policy inquiry: A response to its limitations\",\"volume\":\"19\",\"issn\":\"1573-0891\",\"shorttitle\":\"Interpretive policy inquiry\",\"url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00139523\",\"doi\":\"10.1007/BF00139523\",\"abstract\":\"With positivist and technocratic notions still prevalent, Paul Healy's (1986) insightful effort to advance “interpretive policy inquiry” both underscores the limitations of conventional analysis and helps us to grasp the policy process in human terms. Yet the article falls short of a systematic presentation of the interpretive position and, in doing so, reveals the limitations of that approach: the need for an explicitly critical posture becomes clear. This point is made with particular attention to a pre-positivist figure, Machiavelli.\",\"language\":\"en\",\"number\":\"4\",\"urldate\":\"2024-08-13\",\"journal\":\"Policy Sciences\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Torgerson\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Douglas\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"month\":\"December\",\"year\":\"1986\",\"keywords\":\"Critical Posture, Economic Policy, Policy Inquiry, Policy Process, Systematic Presentation\",\"pages\":\"397–405\",\"bibtex\":\"@article{torgerson_interpretive_1986,\\n\\ttitle = {Interpretive policy inquiry: {A} response to its limitations},\\n\\tvolume = {19},\\n\\tissn = {1573-0891},\\n\\tshorttitle = {Interpretive policy inquiry},\\n\\turl = {https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00139523},\\n\\tdoi = {10.1007/BF00139523},\\n\\tabstract = {With positivist and technocratic notions still prevalent, Paul Healy's (1986) insightful effort to advance “interpretive policy inquiry” both underscores the limitations of conventional analysis and helps us to grasp the policy process in human terms. Yet the article falls short of a systematic presentation of the interpretive position and, in doing so, reveals the limitations of that approach: the need for an explicitly critical posture becomes clear. This point is made with particular attention to a pre-positivist figure, Machiavelli.},\\n\\tlanguage = {en},\\n\\tnumber = {4},\\n\\turldate = {2024-08-13},\\n\\tjournal = {Policy Sciences},\\n\\tauthor = {Torgerson, Douglas},\\n\\tmonth = dec,\\n\\tyear = {1986},\\n\\tkeywords = {Critical Posture, Economic Policy, Policy Inquiry, Policy Process, Systematic Presentation},\\n\\tpages = {397--405},\\n}\\n\\n\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Torgerson, D.\"],\"key\":\"torgerson_interpretive_1986\",\"id\":\"torgerson_interpretive_1986\",\"bibbaseid\":\"torgerson-interpretivepolicyinquiryaresponsetoitslimitations-1986\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{\"Paper\":\"https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00139523\"},\"keyword\":[\"Critical Posture\",\"Economic Policy\",\"Policy Inquiry\",\"Policy Process\",\"Systematic Presentation\"],\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"article\",\"type\":\"article\",\"title\":\"Interpretive policy inquiry: A response to the limitations of the received view\",\"volume\":\"19\",\"issn\":\"1573-0891\",\"shorttitle\":\"Interpretive policy inquiry\",\"url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00139522\",\"doi\":\"10.1007/BF00139522\",\"abstract\":\"This paper seeks to contribute to the growing body of literature on interpretive policy inquiry. As such, its specific focus is the presentation of the interpretive approach as a corrective for the shortcomings inherent in the standard view. Following an outline of the problems facing the received view, a systematic, philosophically grounded, statement of the interpretive position is developed. Thereafter, the tangible positive consequences for policy making of this approach are further discussed. The paper concludes with some reflections on the relationship between the positivistic and interpretive paradigms.\",\"language\":\"en\",\"number\":\"4\",\"urldate\":\"2024-08-13\",\"journal\":\"Policy Sciences\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Healy\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Paul\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"month\":\"December\",\"year\":\"1986\",\"keywords\":\"Economic Policy, Policy Inquiry, Policy Making, Specific Focus, Standard View\",\"pages\":\"381–396\",\"bibtex\":\"@article{healy_interpretive_1986,\\n\\ttitle = {Interpretive policy inquiry: {A} response to the limitations of the received view},\\n\\tvolume = {19},\\n\\tissn = {1573-0891},\\n\\tshorttitle = {Interpretive policy inquiry},\\n\\turl = {https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00139522},\\n\\tdoi = {10.1007/BF00139522},\\n\\tabstract = {This paper seeks to contribute to the growing body of literature on interpretive policy inquiry. As such, its specific focus is the presentation of the interpretive approach as a corrective for the shortcomings inherent in the standard view. Following an outline of the problems facing the received view, a systematic, philosophically grounded, statement of the interpretive position is developed. Thereafter, the tangible positive consequences for policy making of this approach are further discussed. The paper concludes with some reflections on the relationship between the positivistic and interpretive paradigms.},\\n\\tlanguage = {en},\\n\\tnumber = {4},\\n\\turldate = {2024-08-13},\\n\\tjournal = {Policy Sciences},\\n\\tauthor = {Healy, Paul},\\n\\tmonth = dec,\\n\\tyear = {1986},\\n\\tkeywords = {Economic Policy, Policy Inquiry, Policy Making, Specific Focus, Standard View},\\n\\tpages = {381--396},\\n}\\n\\n\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Healy, P.\"],\"key\":\"healy_interpretive_1986\",\"id\":\"healy_interpretive_1986\",\"bibbaseid\":\"healy-interpretivepolicyinquiryaresponsetothelimitationsofthereceivedview-1986\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{\"Paper\":\"https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00139522\"},\"keyword\":[\"Economic Policy\",\"Policy Inquiry\",\"Policy Making\",\"Specific Focus\",\"Standard View\"],\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"article\",\"type\":\"article\",\"title\":\"The Narrative Structure of Policy Analysis\",\"volume\":\"5\",\"issn\":\"0276-8739\",\"url\":\"https://www.jstor.org/stable/3324882\",\"doi\":\"10.2307/3324882\",\"abstract\":\"This paper holds that the prior development of clear external criteria or principles is not always a useful avenue to the resolution of policy dilemmas, and that external criteria are sometimes as likely to emerge from proposed resolutions to policy issues as they are to govern those resolutions. In the absence of external criteria, stories meeting certain characteristics (truth, richness, consistency, congruency, and unity) can integrate necessary considerations, explain the development of current dilemmas, and point the way to resolutions. Not all policy analyses need to be in the narrative form–some analyses appropriately make tenseless arguments for particular principles. However, these principles invariably allow for many possible actions, and only a narrative can explain which particular course of action is desirable and why.\",\"number\":\"4\",\"urldate\":\"2024-08-13\",\"journal\":\"Journal of Policy Analysis and Management\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Kaplan\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Thomas\",\"J.\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"year\":\"1986\",\"note\":\"Publisher: [Wiley, Association for Public Policy Analysis and Management]\",\"pages\":\"761–778\",\"bibtex\":\"@article{kaplan_narrative_1986,\\n\\ttitle = {The {Narrative} {Structure} of {Policy} {Analysis}},\\n\\tvolume = {5},\\n\\tissn = {0276-8739},\\n\\turl = {https://www.jstor.org/stable/3324882},\\n\\tdoi = {10.2307/3324882},\\n\\tabstract = {This paper holds that the prior development of clear external criteria or principles is not always a useful avenue to the resolution of policy dilemmas, and that external criteria are sometimes as likely to emerge from proposed resolutions to policy issues as they are to govern those resolutions. In the absence of external criteria, stories meeting certain characteristics (truth, richness, consistency, congruency, and unity) can integrate necessary considerations, explain the development of current dilemmas, and point the way to resolutions. Not all policy analyses need to be in the narrative form--some analyses appropriately make tenseless arguments for particular principles. However, these principles invariably allow for many possible actions, and only a narrative can explain which particular course of action is desirable and why.},\\n\\tnumber = {4},\\n\\turldate = {2024-08-13},\\n\\tjournal = {Journal of Policy Analysis and Management},\\n\\tauthor = {Kaplan, Thomas J.},\\n\\tyear = {1986},\\n\\tnote = {Publisher: [Wiley, Association for Public Policy Analysis and Management]},\\n\\tpages = {761--778},\\n}\\n\\n\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Kaplan, T. J.\"],\"key\":\"kaplan_narrative_1986\",\"id\":\"kaplan_narrative_1986\",\"bibbaseid\":\"kaplan-thenarrativestructureofpolicyanalysis-1986\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{\"Paper\":\"https://www.jstor.org/stable/3324882\"},\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"incollection\",\"type\":\"incollection\",\"address\":\"Cambridge\",\"title\":\"Standing the study of public policy implementation on its head\",\"isbn\":\"978-0-262-52061-4\",\"language\":\"en\",\"booktitle\":\"American Politics and Public Policy\",\"publisher\":\"MIT Press\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Lipsky\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Michael\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"editor\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Burnham\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Walter\",\"Dean\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Weinberg\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Martha\",\"Wagner\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"year\":\"1980\",\"note\":\"Google-Books-ID: oh8aHAAACAAJ\",\"bibtex\":\"@incollection{burnham_standing_1980,\\n\\taddress = {Cambridge},\\n\\ttitle = {Standing the study of public policy implementation on its head},\\n\\tisbn = {978-0-262-52061-4},\\n\\tlanguage = {en},\\n\\tbooktitle = {American {Politics} and {Public} {Policy}},\\n\\tpublisher = {MIT Press},\\n\\tauthor = {Lipsky, Michael},\\n\\teditor = {Burnham, Walter Dean and Weinberg, Martha Wagner},\\n\\tyear = {1980},\\n\\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: oh8aHAAACAAJ},\\n}\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Lipsky, M.\"],\"editor_short\":[\"Burnham, W. D.\",\"Weinberg, M. W.\"],\"key\":\"burnham_standing_1980\",\"id\":\"burnham_standing_1980\",\"bibbaseid\":\"lipsky-standingthestudyofpublicpolicyimplementationonitshead-1980\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{},\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"incollection\",\"type\":\"incollection\",\"address\":\"United Kingdom\",\"title\":\"Interpretation and the practice of policy analysis\",\"isbn\":\"978-0-8039-2616-5\",\"abstract\":\"Confronting Values in Policy Analysis questions the pursuit of `value neutrality' in policy analysis, and argues for the integration of empirical and normative methods of analysis. The contributors analyse the emerging ethical issues, the practice of policy analysis, theoretical and methodological issues involved in the normative work of policy analysts, and the central questions of ethical responsibility.\",\"language\":\"en\",\"booktitle\":\"Confronting Values in Policy Analysis: The Politics of Criteria\",\"publisher\":\"SAGE Publications\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Jennings\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Bruce\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"editor\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Fischer\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Frank\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Forester\"],\"firstnames\":[\"John\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"month\":\"June\",\"year\":\"1987\",\"note\":\"Google-Books-ID: 6IowAAAAMAAJ\",\"keywords\":\"Social Science / Research\",\"pages\":\"128–52\",\"bibtex\":\"@incollection{fischer_interpretation_1987,\\n\\taddress = {United Kingdom},\\n\\ttitle = {Interpretation and the practice of policy analysis},\\n\\tisbn = {978-0-8039-2616-5},\\n\\tabstract = {Confronting Values in Policy Analysis questions the pursuit of `value neutrality' in policy analysis, and argues for the integration of empirical and normative methods of analysis. The contributors analyse the emerging ethical issues, the practice of policy analysis, theoretical and methodological issues involved in the normative work of policy analysts, and the central questions of ethical responsibility.},\\n\\tlanguage = {en},\\n\\tbooktitle = {Confronting {Values} in {Policy} {Analysis}: {The} {Politics} of {Criteria}},\\n\\tpublisher = {SAGE Publications},\\n\\tauthor = {Jennings, Bruce},\\n\\teditor = {Fischer, Frank and Forester, John},\\n\\tmonth = jun,\\n\\tyear = {1987},\\n\\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: 6IowAAAAMAAJ},\\n\\tkeywords = {Social Science / Research},\\n\\tpages = {128--52},\\n}\\n\\n\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Jennings, B.\"],\"editor_short\":[\"Fischer, F.\",\"Forester, J.\"],\"key\":\"fischer_interpretation_1987\",\"id\":\"fischer_interpretation_1987\",\"bibbaseid\":\"jennings-interpretationandthepracticeofpolicyanalysis-1987\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{},\"keyword\":[\"Social Science / Research\"],\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"downloads\":0,\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"article\",\"type\":\"article\",\"title\":\"Editorial: Policy sciences and the economic approach in a ‘post-positivist’ era\",\"volume\":\"20\",\"issn\":\"1573-0891\",\"shorttitle\":\"Editorial\",\"url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00137046\",\"doi\":\"10.1007/BF00137046\",\"language\":\"en\",\"number\":\"1\",\"urldate\":\"2024-08-13\",\"journal\":\"Policy Sciences\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Ascher\"],\"firstnames\":[\"William\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"month\":\"April\",\"year\":\"1987\",\"pages\":\"3–9\",\"bibtex\":\"@article{ascher_editorial_1987,\\n\\ttitle = {Editorial: {Policy} sciences and the economic approach in a ‘post-positivist’ era},\\n\\tvolume = {20},\\n\\tissn = {1573-0891},\\n\\tshorttitle = {Editorial},\\n\\turl = {https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00137046},\\n\\tdoi = {10.1007/BF00137046},\\n\\tlanguage = {en},\\n\\tnumber = {1},\\n\\turldate = {2024-08-13},\\n\\tjournal = {Policy Sciences},\\n\\tauthor = {Ascher, William},\\n\\tmonth = apr,\\n\\tyear = {1987},\\n\\tpages = {3--9},\\n}\\n\\n\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Ascher, W.\"],\"key\":\"ascher_editorial_1987\",\"id\":\"ascher_editorial_1987\",\"bibbaseid\":\"ascher-editorialpolicysciencesandtheeconomicapproachinapostpositivistera-1987\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{\"Paper\":\"https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00137046\"},\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"downloads\":0,\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"article\",\"type\":\"article\",\"title\":\"Key political symbols: The dissociation process\",\"volume\":\"20\",\"issn\":\"1573-0891\",\"shorttitle\":\"Key political symbols\",\"url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00137049\",\"doi\":\"10.1007/BF00137049\",\"abstract\":\"Key political symbols are an important but neglected topic in the policy sciences. As instruments of policy, they are used to fashion consensus and misused for purposes of exploitation. Scientific inquiry into the possibilities for maximizing consent and minimizing exploitation has been frustrated for lack of systematic, empirical methods - despite a rich theoretical tradition that has been available for decades. This article introduces suitable methods and reintroduces available theory through a case study of a key symbol, ‘Watergate.’ Originally a reference to a building in Washington, D.C., it became a reference to a complex of unresolved involving integrity in government. The process of dissociation from its original meaning provides cues that policy scientists might use to anticipate the course of issue expansion and simplification in connection with other policy issues, including the Iran-Contra arms affair.\",\"language\":\"en\",\"number\":\"1\",\"urldate\":\"2024-08-13\",\"journal\":\"Policy Sciences\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Brunner\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Ronald\",\"D.\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"month\":\"April\",\"year\":\"1987\",\"keywords\":\"Attorney General, Dichotomous Choice, Intermediate Sense, Presidential Election, York Time\",\"pages\":\"53–76\",\"bibtex\":\"@article{brunner_key_1987,\\n\\ttitle = {Key political symbols: {The} dissociation process},\\n\\tvolume = {20},\\n\\tissn = {1573-0891},\\n\\tshorttitle = {Key political symbols},\\n\\turl = {https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00137049},\\n\\tdoi = {10.1007/BF00137049},\\n\\tabstract = {Key political symbols are an important but neglected topic in the policy sciences. As instruments of policy, they are used to fashion consensus and misused for purposes of exploitation. Scientific inquiry into the possibilities for maximizing consent and minimizing exploitation has been frustrated for lack of systematic, empirical methods - despite a rich theoretical tradition that has been available for decades. This article introduces suitable methods and reintroduces available theory through a case study of a key symbol, ‘Watergate.’ Originally a reference to a building in Washington, D.C., it became a reference to a complex of unresolved involving integrity in government. The process of dissociation from its original meaning provides cues that policy scientists might use to anticipate the course of issue expansion and simplification in connection with other policy issues, including the Iran-Contra arms affair.},\\n\\tlanguage = {en},\\n\\tnumber = {1},\\n\\turldate = {2024-08-13},\\n\\tjournal = {Policy Sciences},\\n\\tauthor = {Brunner, Ronald D.},\\n\\tmonth = apr,\\n\\tyear = {1987},\\n\\tkeywords = {Attorney General, Dichotomous Choice, Intermediate Sense, Presidential Election, York Time},\\n\\tpages = {53--76},\\n}\\n\\n\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Brunner, R. D.\"],\"key\":\"brunner_key_1987\",\"id\":\"brunner_key_1987\",\"bibbaseid\":\"brunner-keypoliticalsymbolsthedissociationprocess-1987\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{\"Paper\":\"https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00137049\"},\"keyword\":[\"Attorney General\",\"Dichotomous Choice\",\"Intermediate Sense\",\"Presidential Election\",\"York Time\"],\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"incollection\",\"type\":\"incollection\",\"address\":\"United Kingdom\",\"title\":\"The symbolic side of policy analysis\",\"isbn\":\"978-0-8039-2616-5\",\"abstract\":\"Confronting Values in Policy Analysis questions the pursuit of `value neutrality' in policy analysis, and argues for the integration of empirical and normative methods of analysis. The contributors analyse the emerging ethical issues, the practice of policy analysis, theoretical and methodological issues involved in the normative work of policy analysts, and the central questions of ethical responsibility.\",\"language\":\"en\",\"booktitle\":\"Confronting Values in Policy Analysis: The Politics of Criteria\",\"publisher\":\"SAGE Publications\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Maynard-Moody\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Steven\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Stull\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Donald\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"editor\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Fischer\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Frank\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Forester\"],\"firstnames\":[\"John\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"month\":\"June\",\"year\":\"1987\",\"note\":\"Google-Books-ID: 6IowAAAAMAAJ\",\"keywords\":\"Social Science / Research\",\"pages\":\"Ch 11\",\"bibtex\":\"@incollection{fischer_symbolic_1987,\\n\\taddress = {United Kingdom},\\n\\ttitle = {The symbolic side of policy analysis},\\n\\tisbn = {978-0-8039-2616-5},\\n\\tabstract = {Confronting Values in Policy Analysis questions the pursuit of `value neutrality' in policy analysis, and argues for the integration of empirical and normative methods of analysis. The contributors analyse the emerging ethical issues, the practice of policy analysis, theoretical and methodological issues involved in the normative work of policy analysts, and the central questions of ethical responsibility.},\\n\\tlanguage = {en},\\n\\tbooktitle = {Confronting {Values} in {Policy} {Analysis}: {The} {Politics} of {Criteria}},\\n\\tpublisher = {SAGE Publications},\\n\\tauthor = {Maynard-Moody, Steven and Stull, Donald},\\n\\teditor = {Fischer, Frank and Forester, John},\\n\\tmonth = jun,\\n\\tyear = {1987},\\n\\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: 6IowAAAAMAAJ},\\n\\tkeywords = {Social Science / Research},\\n\\tpages = {Ch 11},\\n}\\n\\n\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Maynard-Moody, S.\",\"Stull, D.\"],\"editor_short\":[\"Fischer, F.\",\"Forester, J.\"],\"key\":\"fischer_symbolic_1987\",\"id\":\"fischer_symbolic_1987\",\"bibbaseid\":\"maynardmoody-stull-thesymbolicsideofpolicyanalysis-1987\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{},\"keyword\":[\"Social Science / Research\"],\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"incollection\",\"type\":\"incollection\",\"address\":\"Newbury Park, CA\",\"title\":\"The politics of meaning and policy inquiry\",\"isbn\":\"978-0-8039-2736-0\",\"abstract\":\"Evaluation and politics are related in a number of ways. While programme evaluators have traditionally tried to be neutral, objective and scientific in their assessment of programmes, the results of evaluation are inherently political – and are used by politicians, programme administrators, special interest groups and other stakeholders for political purposes. The contributors argue that since evaluation cannot be divorced from its political context, the political dimension must be understood in order to conduct effective evaluations.\",\"language\":\"en\",\"booktitle\":\"The Politics of Program Evaluation\",\"publisher\":\"SAGE Publications\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Kelly\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Rita\",\"Mae\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"editor\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Palumbo\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Dennis\",\"J.\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"year\":\"1987\",\"note\":\"Google-Books-ID: 3FWQAAAAIAAJ\",\"keywords\":\"Social Science / Research\",\"pages\":\"Ch 10\",\"bibtex\":\"@incollection{palumbo_politics_1987,\\n\\taddress = {Newbury Park, CA},\\n\\ttitle = {The politics of meaning and policy inquiry},\\n\\tisbn = {978-0-8039-2736-0},\\n\\tabstract = {Evaluation and politics are related in a number of ways. While programme evaluators have traditionally tried to be neutral, objective and scientific in their assessment of programmes, the results of evaluation are inherently political -- and are used by politicians, programme administrators, special interest groups and other stakeholders for political purposes. The contributors argue that since evaluation cannot be divorced from its political context, the political dimension must be understood in order to conduct effective evaluations.},\\n\\tlanguage = {en},\\n\\tbooktitle = {The {Politics} of {Program} {Evaluation}},\\n\\tpublisher = {SAGE Publications},\\n\\tauthor = {Kelly, Rita Mae},\\n\\teditor = {Palumbo, Dennis J.},\\n\\tyear = {1987},\\n\\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: 3FWQAAAAIAAJ},\\n\\tkeywords = {Social Science / Research},\\n\\tpages = {Ch 10},\\n}\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Kelly, R. M.\"],\"editor_short\":[\"Palumbo, D. J.\"],\"key\":\"palumbo_politics_1987\",\"id\":\"palumbo_politics_1987\",\"bibbaseid\":\"kelly-thepoliticsofmeaningandpolicyinquiry-1987\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{},\"keyword\":[\"Social Science / Research\"],\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"incollection\",\"type\":\"incollection\",\"address\":\"United Kingdom\",\"title\":\"Implementation research: Why and how to transcend positivist methodologies\",\"isbn\":\"978-0-313-27283-7\",\"abstract\":\"During the past two decades public policy analysis has focused on the role of implementation as a distinct phenomenon in the creation of policy output. More recently, implementation researchers have called for a major reevaluation of the process of policy formation itself. This book presents an overview of why implementation research has contributed to this major reconsideration and offers conceptual frameworks that employ implementation research to develop a fuller understanding of the entire policy process. It attempts to narrow the divide between the assumptions of the earlier and later implementation researchers. The contributors to this book aim at clarifying the relationship between implementation research and public policy analysis. They caution against the error of assuming that implementation is the main factor in policy making and that once implementation is taken care of, policies will be effective. They attempt to place implementation in the broader policy making process and show its relationship to the other parts of the policy cycle. Additionally, several of the contributors develop explanatory models that cut across the research dichotomies of the prevailing top-down and bottom-up approaches and establish an agenda for future research.The book is divided into three parts; within each the chapters are organized by questions that move from the more empirical to more methodological and theoretical concerns. The chapters in the first section deal with policy design issues and empirical aspects of implementation research. Those in part two present implementation's special contribution to the policy field, discussing how policy implementation adapts to changing organizational, intergovernmental, and ideological circumstances. The generalizations made by the authors focus on the contribution implementation research makes to understanding the entire policy process. The final section includes chapters that capture and extend the observations of the other contributors. These essays also develop generalizations and suggest various lines of future research. The final chapter both summarizes implementation's contributions and proposes an interpretive model that will forward future research. This comprehensive work can be used in courses on public policy and administration, and social welfare.\",\"language\":\"en\",\"booktitle\":\"Implementation and the Policy Process\",\"publisher\":\"Bloomsbury Academic\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Fox\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Charles\",\"J.\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"editor\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Palumbo\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Dennis\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Calista\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Donald\",\"J.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Organization\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Policy\",\"Studies\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"month\":\"March\",\"year\":\"1990\",\"note\":\"Google-Books-ID: mRLDEAAAQBAJ\",\"keywords\":\"Business & Economics / General, Political Science / General, Political Science / Public Policy / General\",\"pages\":\"213–227\",\"bibtex\":\"@incollection{palumbo_implementation_1990,\\n\\taddress = {United Kingdom},\\n\\ttitle = {Implementation research: {Why} and how to transcend positivist methodologies},\\n\\tisbn = {978-0-313-27283-7},\\n\\tabstract = {During the past two decades public policy analysis has focused on the role of implementation as a distinct phenomenon in the creation of policy output. More recently, implementation researchers have called for a major reevaluation of the process of policy formation itself. This book presents an overview of why implementation research has contributed to this major reconsideration and offers conceptual frameworks that employ implementation research to develop a fuller understanding of the entire policy process. It attempts to narrow the divide between the assumptions of the earlier and later implementation researchers. The contributors to this book aim at clarifying the relationship between implementation research and public policy analysis. They caution against the error of assuming that implementation is the main factor in policy making and that once implementation is taken care of, policies will be effective. They attempt to place implementation in the broader policy making process and show its relationship to the other parts of the policy cycle. Additionally, several of the contributors develop explanatory models that cut across the research dichotomies of the prevailing top-down and bottom-up approaches and establish an agenda for future research.The book is divided into three parts; within each the chapters are organized by questions that move from the more empirical to more methodological and theoretical concerns. The chapters in the first section deal with policy design issues and empirical aspects of implementation research. Those in part two present implementation's special contribution to the policy field, discussing how policy implementation adapts to changing organizational, intergovernmental, and ideological circumstances. The generalizations made by the authors focus on the contribution implementation research makes to understanding the entire policy process. The final section includes chapters that capture and extend the observations of the other contributors. These essays also develop generalizations and suggest various lines of future research. The final chapter both summarizes implementation's contributions and proposes an interpretive model that will forward future research. This comprehensive work can be used in courses on public policy and administration, and social welfare.},\\n\\tlanguage = {en},\\n\\tbooktitle = {Implementation and the {Policy} {Process}},\\n\\tpublisher = {Bloomsbury Academic},\\n\\tauthor = {Fox, Charles J.},\\n\\teditor = {Palumbo, Dennis and Calista, Donald J. and Organization, Policy Studies},\\n\\tmonth = mar,\\n\\tyear = {1990},\\n\\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: mRLDEAAAQBAJ},\\n\\tkeywords = {Business \\\\& Economics / General, Political Science / General, Political Science / Public Policy / General},\\n\\tpages = {213--227},\\n}\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Fox, C. J.\"],\"editor_short\":[\"Palumbo, D.\",\"Calista, D. J.\",\"Organization, P. S.\"],\"key\":\"palumbo_implementation_1990\",\"id\":\"palumbo_implementation_1990\",\"bibbaseid\":\"fox-implementationresearchwhyandhowtotranscendpositivistmethodologies-1990\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{},\"keyword\":[\"Business & Economics / General\",\"Political Science / General\",\"Political Science / Public Policy / General\"],\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"article\",\"type\":\"article\",\"title\":\"Toward a Policy Culture Approach to Implementation\",\"volume\":\"7\",\"issn\":\"1541-1338\",\"url\":\"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1541-1338.1987.tb00031.x\",\"doi\":\"10.1111/j.1541-1338.1987.tb00031.x\",\"language\":\"en\",\"number\":\"1\",\"urldate\":\"2024-08-13\",\"journal\":\"Review of Policy Research\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Yanow\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Dvora\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"year\":\"1987\",\"note\":\"_eprint: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/j.1541-1338.1987.tb00031.x\",\"pages\":\"103–115\",\"bibtex\":\"@article{yanow_toward_1987,\\n\\ttitle = {Toward a {Policy} {Culture} {Approach} to {Implementation}},\\n\\tvolume = {7},\\n\\tissn = {1541-1338},\\n\\turl = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1541-1338.1987.tb00031.x},\\n\\tdoi = {10.1111/j.1541-1338.1987.tb00031.x},\\n\\tlanguage = {en},\\n\\tnumber = {1},\\n\\turldate = {2024-08-13},\\n\\tjournal = {Review of Policy Research},\\n\\tauthor = {Yanow, Dvora},\\n\\tyear = {1987},\\n\\tnote = {\\\\_eprint: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/j.1541-1338.1987.tb00031.x},\\n\\tpages = {103--115},\\n}\\n\\n\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Yanow, D.\"],\"key\":\"yanow_toward_1987\",\"id\":\"yanow_toward_1987\",\"bibbaseid\":\"yanow-towardapolicycultureapproachtoimplementation-1987\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{\"Paper\":\"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1541-1338.1987.tb00031.x\"},\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"article\",\"type\":\"article\",\"title\":\"Knowing: the political way\",\"volume\":\"7\",\"issn\":\"1541-132X\",\"shorttitle\":\"Knowing\",\"url\":\"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1541-1338.1987.tb00025.x\",\"doi\":\"10.1111/j.1541-1338.1987.tb00025.x\",\"number\":\"1\",\"urldate\":\"2024-08-13\",\"journal\":\"Review of Policy Research\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Dery\"],\"firstnames\":[\"David\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"month\":\"September\",\"year\":\"1987\",\"note\":\"Publisher: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd\",\"pages\":\"13–25\",\"bibtex\":\"@article{dery_knowing_1987,\\n\\ttitle = {Knowing: the political way},\\n\\tvolume = {7},\\n\\tissn = {1541-132X},\\n\\tshorttitle = {Knowing},\\n\\turl = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1541-1338.1987.tb00025.x},\\n\\tdoi = {10.1111/j.1541-1338.1987.tb00025.x},\\n\\tnumber = {1},\\n\\turldate = {2024-08-13},\\n\\tjournal = {Review of Policy Research},\\n\\tauthor = {Dery, David},\\n\\tmonth = sep,\\n\\tyear = {1987},\\n\\tnote = {Publisher: John Wiley \\\\& Sons, Ltd},\\n\\tpages = {13--25},\\n}\\n\\n\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Dery, D.\"],\"key\":\"dery_knowing_1987\",\"id\":\"dery_knowing_1987\",\"bibbaseid\":\"dery-knowingthepoliticalway-1987\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{\"Paper\":\"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1541-1338.1987.tb00025.x\"},\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"book\",\"type\":\"book\",\"address\":\"United Kingdom\",\"title\":\"Confronting Values in Policy Analysis: The Politics of Criteria\",\"isbn\":\"978-0-8039-2616-5\",\"shorttitle\":\"Confronting Values in Policy Analysis\",\"abstract\":\"Confronting Values in Policy Analysis questions the pursuit of `value neutrality' in policy analysis, and argues for the integration of empirical and normative methods of analysis. The contributors analyse the emerging ethical issues, the practice of policy analysis, theoretical and methodological issues involved in the normative work of policy analysts, and the central questions of ethical responsibility.\",\"language\":\"en\",\"publisher\":\"SAGE Publications\",\"editor\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Fischer\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Frank\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Forester\"],\"firstnames\":[\"John\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"month\":\"June\",\"year\":\"1987\",\"note\":\"Google-Books-ID: 6IowAAAAMAAJ\",\"keywords\":\"Social Science / Research\",\"bibtex\":\"@book{fischer_confronting_1987,\\n\\taddress = {United Kingdom},\\n\\ttitle = {Confronting {Values} in {Policy} {Analysis}: {The} {Politics} of {Criteria}},\\n\\tisbn = {978-0-8039-2616-5},\\n\\tshorttitle = {Confronting {Values} in {Policy} {Analysis}},\\n\\tabstract = {Confronting Values in Policy Analysis questions the pursuit of `value neutrality' in policy analysis, and argues for the integration of empirical and normative methods of analysis. The contributors analyse the emerging ethical issues, the practice of policy analysis, theoretical and methodological issues involved in the normative work of policy analysts, and the central questions of ethical responsibility.},\\n\\tlanguage = {en},\\n\\tpublisher = {SAGE Publications},\\n\\teditor = {Fischer, Frank and Forester, John},\\n\\tmonth = jun,\\n\\tyear = {1987},\\n\\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: 6IowAAAAMAAJ},\\n\\tkeywords = {Social Science / Research},\\n}\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\",\"editor_short\":[\"Fischer, F.\",\"Forester, J.\"],\"key\":\"fischer_confronting_1987\",\"id\":\"fischer_confronting_1987\",\"bibbaseid\":\"fischer-forester-confrontingvaluesinpolicyanalysisthepoliticsofcriteria-1987\",\"role\":\"editor\",\"urls\":{},\"keyword\":[\"Social Science / Research\"],\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"book\",\"type\":\"book\",\"address\":\"Boston\",\"title\":\"Policy Paradox and Political Reason\",\"isbn\":\"978-0-673-39751-5\",\"language\":\"en\",\"publisher\":\"Little Brown\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Stone\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Deborah\",\"A.\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"year\":\"1988\",\"keywords\":\"Political Science / General\",\"bibtex\":\"@book{stone_policy_1988,\\n\\taddress = {Boston},\\n\\ttitle = {Policy {Paradox} and {Political} {Reason}},\\n\\tisbn = {978-0-673-39751-5},\\n\\tlanguage = {en},\\n\\tpublisher = {Little Brown},\\n\\tauthor = {Stone, Deborah A.},\\n\\tyear = {1988},\\n\\tkeywords = {Political Science / General},\\n}\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Stone, D. A.\"],\"key\":\"stone_policy_1988\",\"id\":\"stone_policy_1988\",\"bibbaseid\":\"stone-policyparadoxandpoliticalreason-1988\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{},\"keyword\":[\"Political Science / General\"],\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"downloads\":0,\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"book\",\"type\":\"book\",\"address\":\"Gainesville\",\"title\":\"Philosophical Critiques of Policy Analysis: Lindblom, Habermas, and the Great Society\",\"isbn\":\"978-0-8130-0907-0\",\"shorttitle\":\"Philosophical Critiques of Policy Analysis\",\"language\":\"en\",\"publisher\":\"University of Florida Press\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"DeHaven-Smith\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Lance\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"year\":\"1988\",\"note\":\"Google-Books-ID: 0B6PaffNlv8C\",\"keywords\":\"Business & Economics / Development / Economic Development, Philosophy / General, Philosophy / Individual Philosophers, Political Science / Public Policy / General, Social Science / Poverty & Homelessness\",\"bibtex\":\"@book{dehaven-smith_philosophical_1988,\\n\\taddress = {Gainesville},\\n\\ttitle = {Philosophical {Critiques} of {Policy} {Analysis}: {Lindblom}, {Habermas}, and the {Great} {Society}},\\n\\tisbn = {978-0-8130-0907-0},\\n\\tshorttitle = {Philosophical {Critiques} of {Policy} {Analysis}},\\n\\tlanguage = {en},\\n\\tpublisher = {University of Florida Press},\\n\\tauthor = {DeHaven-Smith, Lance},\\n\\tyear = {1988},\\n\\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: 0B6PaffNlv8C},\\n\\tkeywords = {Business \\\\& Economics / Development / Economic Development, Philosophy / General, Philosophy / Individual Philosophers, Political Science / Public Policy / General, Social Science / Poverty \\\\& Homelessness},\\n}\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"DeHaven-Smith, L.\"],\"key\":\"dehaven-smith_philosophical_1988\",\"id\":\"dehaven-smith_philosophical_1988\",\"bibbaseid\":\"dehavensmith-philosophicalcritiquesofpolicyanalysislindblomhabermasandthegreatsociety-1988\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{},\"keyword\":[\"Business & Economics / Development / Economic Development\",\"Philosophy / General\",\"Philosophy / Individual Philosophers\",\"Political Science / Public Policy / General\",\"Social Science / Poverty & Homelessness\"],\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"incollection\",\"type\":\"incollection\",\"address\":\"United Kingdom\",\"title\":\"Tackling the implementation problem: Epistemological issues in implementation research\",\"isbn\":\"978-0-313-27283-7\",\"abstract\":\"During the past two decades public policy analysis has focused on the role of implementation as a distinct phenomenon in the creation of policy output. More recently, implementation researchers have called for a major reevaluation of the process of policy formation itself. This book presents an overview of why implementation research has contributed to this major reconsideration and offers conceptual frameworks that employ implementation research to develop a fuller understanding of the entire policy process. It attempts to narrow the divide between the assumptions of the earlier and later implementation researchers. The contributors to this book aim at clarifying the relationship between implementation research and public policy analysis. They caution against the error of assuming that implementation is the main factor in policy making and that once implementation is taken care of, policies will be effective. They attempt to place implementation in the broader policy making process and show its relationship to the other parts of the policy cycle. Additionally, several of the contributors develop explanatory models that cut across the research dichotomies of the prevailing top-down and bottom-up approaches and establish an agenda for future research.The book is divided into three parts; within each the chapters are organized by questions that move from the more empirical to more methodological and theoretical concerns. The chapters in the first section deal with policy design issues and empirical aspects of implementation research. Those in part two present implementation's special contribution to the policy field, discussing how policy implementation adapts to changing organizational, intergovernmental, and ideological circumstances. The generalizations made by the authors focus on the contribution implementation research makes to understanding the entire policy process. The final section includes chapters that capture and extend the observations of the other contributors. These essays also develop generalizations and suggest various lines of future research. The final chapter both summarizes implementation's contributions and proposes an interpretive model that will forward future research. This comprehensive work can be used in courses on public policy and administration, and social welfare.\",\"language\":\"en\",\"booktitle\":\"Implementation and the Policy Process: Opening Up the Black Box\",\"publisher\":\"Bloomsbury Academic\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Yanow\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Dvora\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"editor\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Palumbo\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Dennis\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Calista\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Donald\",\"J.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Organization\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Policy\",\"Studies\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"month\":\"March\",\"year\":\"1990\",\"note\":\"Google-Books-ID: mRLDEAAAQBAJ\",\"keywords\":\"Business & Economics / General, Political Science / General, Political Science / Public Policy / General\",\"pages\":\"213–227\",\"bibtex\":\"@incollection{palumbo_tackling_1990,\\n\\taddress = {United Kingdom},\\n\\ttitle = {Tackling the implementation problem: {Epistemological} issues in implementation research},\\n\\tisbn = {978-0-313-27283-7},\\n\\tabstract = {During the past two decades public policy analysis has focused on the role of implementation as a distinct phenomenon in the creation of policy output. More recently, implementation researchers have called for a major reevaluation of the process of policy formation itself. This book presents an overview of why implementation research has contributed to this major reconsideration and offers conceptual frameworks that employ implementation research to develop a fuller understanding of the entire policy process. It attempts to narrow the divide between the assumptions of the earlier and later implementation researchers. The contributors to this book aim at clarifying the relationship between implementation research and public policy analysis. They caution against the error of assuming that implementation is the main factor in policy making and that once implementation is taken care of, policies will be effective. They attempt to place implementation in the broader policy making process and show its relationship to the other parts of the policy cycle. Additionally, several of the contributors develop explanatory models that cut across the research dichotomies of the prevailing top-down and bottom-up approaches and establish an agenda for future research.The book is divided into three parts; within each the chapters are organized by questions that move from the more empirical to more methodological and theoretical concerns. The chapters in the first section deal with policy design issues and empirical aspects of implementation research. Those in part two present implementation's special contribution to the policy field, discussing how policy implementation adapts to changing organizational, intergovernmental, and ideological circumstances. The generalizations made by the authors focus on the contribution implementation research makes to understanding the entire policy process. The final section includes chapters that capture and extend the observations of the other contributors. These essays also develop generalizations and suggest various lines of future research. The final chapter both summarizes implementation's contributions and proposes an interpretive model that will forward future research. This comprehensive work can be used in courses on public policy and administration, and social welfare.},\\n\\tlanguage = {en},\\n\\tbooktitle = {Implementation and the {Policy} {Process}: {Opening} {Up} the {Black} {Box}},\\n\\tpublisher = {Bloomsbury Academic},\\n\\tauthor = {Yanow, Dvora},\\n\\teditor = {Palumbo, Dennis and Calista, Donald J. and Organization, Policy Studies},\\n\\tmonth = mar,\\n\\tyear = {1990},\\n\\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: mRLDEAAAQBAJ},\\n\\tkeywords = {Business \\\\& Economics / General, Political Science / General, Political Science / Public Policy / General},\\n\\tpages = {213--227},\\n}\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Yanow, D.\"],\"editor_short\":[\"Palumbo, D.\",\"Calista, D. J.\",\"Organization, P. S.\"],\"key\":\"palumbo_tackling_1990\",\"id\":\"palumbo_tackling_1990\",\"bibbaseid\":\"yanow-tacklingtheimplementationproblemepistemologicalissuesinimplementationresearch-1990\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{},\"keyword\":[\"Business & Economics / General\",\"Political Science / General\",\"Political Science / Public Policy / General\"],\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"article\",\"type\":\"article\",\"title\":\"The rhetorics of policy analysis\",\"volume\":\"24\",\"issn\":\"1573-0891\",\"url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00138058\",\"doi\":\"10.1007/BF00138058\",\"abstract\":\"This paper claims that policy analysis is inherently rhetorical, that it cannot be fully understood apart from the audiences to which it is directed and the styles in which it is communicated. Defining rhetoric as persuasive discourse within and between interpretive communities, I argue that policy analysts are embedded in a complex rhetorical situation created by the interaction of three primary audiences (scientists, politicians, and lay advocates), each of which has its own normal discourse and agreed-upon conventions of persuasion, and that failure to persuade any one of these audiences will cause analysts to appear incompetent, impractical or illegitimate. To support and illustrate this claim I reconstruct the theoretical literature about policy analysis in rhetorical terms, then review events that occurred at Love Canal, New York, in the late 1970s. I conclude by suggesting that policy analysts need to ‘actively mediate’ the policy discourse between scientists, politicians, and advocates.\",\"language\":\"en\",\"number\":\"2\",\"urldate\":\"2024-08-13\",\"journal\":\"Policy Sciences\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Throgmorton\"],\"firstnames\":[\"J.\",\"A.\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"month\":\"May\",\"year\":\"1991\",\"keywords\":\"Economic Policy, Policy Analysis, Policy Analyst, Policy Discourse, Theoretical Literature\",\"pages\":\"153–179\",\"bibtex\":\"@article{throgmorton_rhetorics_1991,\\n\\ttitle = {The rhetorics of policy analysis},\\n\\tvolume = {24},\\n\\tissn = {1573-0891},\\n\\turl = {https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00138058},\\n\\tdoi = {10.1007/BF00138058},\\n\\tabstract = {This paper claims that policy analysis is inherently rhetorical, that it cannot be fully understood apart from the audiences to which it is directed and the styles in which it is communicated. Defining rhetoric as persuasive discourse within and between interpretive communities, I argue that policy analysts are embedded in a complex rhetorical situation created by the interaction of three primary audiences (scientists, politicians, and lay advocates), each of which has its own normal discourse and agreed-upon conventions of persuasion, and that failure to persuade any one of these audiences will cause analysts to appear incompetent, impractical or illegitimate. To support and illustrate this claim I reconstruct the theoretical literature about policy analysis in rhetorical terms, then review events that occurred at Love Canal, New York, in the late 1970s. I conclude by suggesting that policy analysts need to ‘actively mediate’ the policy discourse between scientists, politicians, and advocates.},\\n\\tlanguage = {en},\\n\\tnumber = {2},\\n\\turldate = {2024-08-13},\\n\\tjournal = {Policy Sciences},\\n\\tauthor = {Throgmorton, J. A.},\\n\\tmonth = may,\\n\\tyear = {1991},\\n\\tkeywords = {Economic Policy, Policy Analysis, Policy Analyst, Policy Discourse, Theoretical Literature},\\n\\tpages = {153--179},\\n}\\n\\n\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Throgmorton, J. A.\"],\"key\":\"throgmorton_rhetorics_1991\",\"id\":\"throgmorton_rhetorics_1991\",\"bibbaseid\":\"throgmorton-therhetoricsofpolicyanalysis-1991\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{\"Paper\":\"https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00138058\"},\"keyword\":[\"Economic Policy\",\"Policy Analysis\",\"Policy Analyst\",\"Policy Discourse\",\"Theoretical Literature\"],\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"downloads\":0,\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"article\",\"type\":\"article\",\"title\":\"Reading Policy Meanings in Organization-Scapes\",\"volume\":\"10\",\"issn\":\"0738-0895\",\"url\":\"https://www.jstor.org/stable/43029097\",\"doi\":\"https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.jpart.a037144\",\"abstract\":\"The language of public policies is often ambiguous, and yet meanings are nonetheless communicated among legislators, implementors, clients and potential clients, and policy-relevant publics. One way in which this is accomplished is through the built space which implementing agencies inhabit Built spaces and their meanings exist in a symbolic relationship: the more concrete organization-scapes embody, represent, and communicate the more abstract meanings of public policies. This is done both substantively — by the physical elements of built space — and processually — through entering and using the spaces and appurtenances. The symbolic nature of organization-scapes is explored here in buildings constructed by the Israel Corporation of Community Centers as it implemented its policy mandate. Ways in which policy and agency meanings were communicated through these buildings to multiple audiences are shown. The case analysis suggests the need to rethink Goodsell's (1988) typology of \\\"civic spaces\\\" in understanding the conditions under which organization-scapes convey regime and societal values and beliefs.\",\"number\":\"4\",\"urldate\":\"2024-08-13\",\"journal\":\"Journal of Architectural and Planning Research\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Yanow\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Dvora\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"year\":\"1993\",\"note\":\"Publisher: Locke Science Publishing Company, Inc.\",\"pages\":\"308–328\",\"bibtex\":\"@article{yanow_reading_1993,\\n\\ttitle = {Reading {Policy} {Meanings} in {Organization}-{Scapes}},\\n\\tvolume = {10},\\n\\tissn = {0738-0895},\\n\\turl = {https://www.jstor.org/stable/43029097},\\n\\tdoi = {https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.jpart.a037144},\\n\\tabstract = {The language of public policies is often ambiguous, and yet meanings are nonetheless communicated among legislators, implementors, clients and potential clients, and policy-relevant publics. One way in which this is accomplished is through the built space which implementing agencies inhabit Built spaces and their meanings exist in a symbolic relationship: the more concrete organization-scapes embody, represent, and communicate the more abstract meanings of public policies. This is done both substantively — by the physical elements of built space — and processually — through entering and using the spaces and appurtenances. The symbolic nature of organization-scapes is explored here in buildings constructed by the Israel Corporation of Community Centers as it implemented its policy mandate. Ways in which policy and agency meanings were communicated through these buildings to multiple audiences are shown. The case analysis suggests the need to rethink Goodsell's (1988) typology of \\\"civic spaces\\\" in understanding the conditions under which organization-scapes convey regime and societal values and beliefs.},\\n\\tnumber = {4},\\n\\turldate = {2024-08-13},\\n\\tjournal = {Journal of Architectural and Planning Research},\\n\\tauthor = {Yanow, Dvora},\\n\\tyear = {1993},\\n\\tnote = {Publisher: Locke Science Publishing Company, Inc.},\\n\\tpages = {308--328},\\n}\\n\\n\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Yanow, D.\"],\"key\":\"yanow_reading_1993\",\"id\":\"yanow_reading_1993\",\"bibbaseid\":\"yanow-readingpolicymeaningsinorganizationscapes-1993\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{\"Paper\":\"https://www.jstor.org/stable/43029097\"},\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"book\",\"type\":\"book\",\"title\":\"The Argumentative Turn in Policy Analysis and Planning\",\"isbn\":\"978-0-8223-1354-0\",\"url\":\"http://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctv1220k4f\",\"abstract\":\"Public policy is made of language. Whether in written or oral form, argument is central to all parts of the policy process. As simple as this insight appears, its implications for policy analysis and planning are profound. Drawing from recent work on language and argumentation and referring to such theorists as Wittgenstein, Habermas, Toulmin, and Foucault, these essays explore the interplay of language, action, and power in both the practice and the theory of policy-making. The contributors, scholars of international renown who range across the theoretical spectrum, emphasize the political nature of the policy planner's work and stress the role of persuasive arguments in practical decision making. Recognizing the rhetorical, communicative character of policy and planning deliberations, they show that policy arguments are necessarily selective, both shaping and being shaped by relations of power. These essays reveal the practices of policy analysts and planners in powerful new ways–as matters of practical argumentation in complex, highly political environments. They also make an important contribution to contemporary debates over postempiricism in the social and policy sciences. Contributors. John S. Dryzek, William N. Dunn, Frank Fischer, John Forester, Maarten Hajer, Patsy Healey, Robert Hoppe, Bruce Jennings, Thomas J. Kaplan, Duncan MacRae, Jr., Martin Rein, Donald Schon, J. A. Throgmorton\",\"urldate\":\"2024-08-13\",\"publisher\":\"Duke University Press\",\"editor\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Fischer\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Frank\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Forester\"],\"firstnames\":[\"John\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"year\":\"1993\",\"doi\":\"10.2307/j.ctv1220k4f\",\"bibtex\":\"@book{fischer_argumentative_1993,\\n\\ttitle = {The {Argumentative} {Turn} in {Policy} {Analysis} and {Planning}},\\n\\tisbn = {978-0-8223-1354-0},\\n\\turl = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctv1220k4f},\\n\\tabstract = {Public policy is made of language. Whether in written or oral form, argument is central to all parts of the policy process. As simple as this insight appears, its implications for policy analysis and planning are profound. Drawing from recent work on language and argumentation and referring to such theorists as Wittgenstein, Habermas, Toulmin, and Foucault, these essays explore the interplay of language, action, and power in both the practice and the theory of policy-making. The contributors, scholars of international renown who range across the theoretical spectrum, emphasize the political nature of the policy planner's work and stress the role of persuasive arguments in practical decision making. Recognizing the rhetorical, communicative character of policy and planning deliberations, they show that policy arguments are necessarily selective, both shaping and being shaped by relations of power. These essays reveal the practices of policy analysts and planners in powerful new ways--as matters of practical argumentation in complex, highly political environments. They also make an important contribution to contemporary debates over postempiricism in the social and policy sciences. Contributors. John S. Dryzek, William N. Dunn, Frank Fischer, John Forester, Maarten Hajer, Patsy Healey, Robert Hoppe, Bruce Jennings, Thomas J. Kaplan, Duncan MacRae, Jr., Martin Rein, Donald Schon, J. A. Throgmorton},\\n\\turldate = {2024-08-13},\\n\\tpublisher = {Duke University Press},\\n\\teditor = {Fischer, Frank and Forester, John},\\n\\tyear = {1993},\\n\\tdoi = {10.2307/j.ctv1220k4f},\\n}\\n\\n\\n\\n\",\"editor_short\":[\"Fischer, F.\",\"Forester, J.\"],\"key\":\"fischer_argumentative_1993\",\"id\":\"fischer_argumentative_1993\",\"bibbaseid\":\"fischer-forester-theargumentativeturninpolicyanalysisandplanning-1993\",\"role\":\"editor\",\"urls\":{\"Paper\":\"http://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctv1220k4f\"},\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"downloads\":0,\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"book\",\"type\":\"book\",\"title\":\"Theories of Public Organization\",\"isbn\":\"978-1-4390-8625-4\",\"url\":\"https://books.google.ch/books?id=iykoQQAACAAJ\",\"publisher\":\"Wadsworth/Cengage Learning\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Denhardt\"],\"firstnames\":[\"R.B.\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"year\":\"2011\",\"lccn\":\"2009943654\",\"bibtex\":\"@book{denhardt_theories_2011,\\n\\ttitle = {Theories of {Public} {Organization}},\\n\\tisbn = {978-1-4390-8625-4},\\n\\turl = {https://books.google.ch/books?id=iykoQQAACAAJ},\\n\\tpublisher = {Wadsworth/Cengage Learning},\\n\\tauthor = {Denhardt, R.B.},\\n\\tyear = {2011},\\n\\tlccn = {2009943654},\\n}\\n\\n\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Denhardt, R.\"],\"key\":\"denhardt_theories_2011\",\"id\":\"denhardt_theories_2011\",\"bibbaseid\":\"denhardt-theoriesofpublicorganization-2011\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{\"Paper\":\"https://books.google.ch/books?id=iykoQQAACAAJ\"},\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"article\",\"type\":\"article\",\"title\":\"The communication of policy meanings: Implementation as interpretation and text\",\"volume\":\"26\",\"issn\":\"1573-0891\",\"shorttitle\":\"The communication of policy meanings\",\"url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01006496\",\"doi\":\"10.1007/BF01006496\",\"abstract\":\"Interpretive approaches to policy analysis introduce a set of questions about how policy meanings are communicated to multiple audiences, and exploring these questions is a useful alternative to more traditional positivist approaches to understanding policy implementation. The article explores the theoretical background for one such approach illustrated by a case study of the Israel Corporation of Community Centers from 1969 to 1981 which shows how meanings were communicated through agency objects, language, and acts that represented policy and societal values. Agency artifacts are shown to symbolize tacitly known meanings as well as those which are part of a policy's explicit language. Not only do implementors and other situational actors interpret these artifacts; the policy and these interpretations may be “read” as a “text” about societal values and identity.\",\"language\":\"en\",\"number\":\"1\",\"urldate\":\"2024-08-13\",\"journal\":\"Policy Sciences\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Yanow\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Dvora\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"month\":\"March\",\"year\":\"1993\",\"keywords\":\"Community Center, Economic Policy, Policy Analysis, Situational Actor, Theoretical Background\",\"pages\":\"41–61\",\"bibtex\":\"@article{yanow_communication_1993,\\n\\ttitle = {The communication of policy meanings: {Implementation} as interpretation and text},\\n\\tvolume = {26},\\n\\tissn = {1573-0891},\\n\\tshorttitle = {The communication of policy meanings},\\n\\turl = {https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01006496},\\n\\tdoi = {10.1007/BF01006496},\\n\\tabstract = {Interpretive approaches to policy analysis introduce a set of questions about how policy meanings are communicated to multiple audiences, and exploring these questions is a useful alternative to more traditional positivist approaches to understanding policy implementation. The article explores the theoretical background for one such approach illustrated by a case study of the Israel Corporation of Community Centers from 1969 to 1981 which shows how meanings were communicated through agency objects, language, and acts that represented policy and societal values. Agency artifacts are shown to symbolize tacitly known meanings as well as those which are part of a policy's explicit language. Not only do implementors and other situational actors interpret these artifacts; the policy and these interpretations may be “read” as a “text” about societal values and identity.},\\n\\tlanguage = {en},\\n\\tnumber = {1},\\n\\turldate = {2024-08-13},\\n\\tjournal = {Policy Sciences},\\n\\tauthor = {Yanow, Dvora},\\n\\tmonth = mar,\\n\\tyear = {1993},\\n\\tkeywords = {Community Center, Economic Policy, Policy Analysis, Situational Actor, Theoretical Background},\\n\\tpages = {41--61},\\n}\\n\\n\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Yanow, D.\"],\"key\":\"yanow_communication_1993\",\"id\":\"yanow_communication_1993\",\"bibbaseid\":\"yanow-thecommunicationofpolicymeaningsimplementationasinterpretationandtext-1993\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{\"Paper\":\"https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01006496\"},\"keyword\":[\"Community Center\",\"Economic Policy\",\"Policy Analysis\",\"Situational Actor\",\"Theoretical Background\"],\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"book\",\"type\":\"book\",\"address\":\"NY\",\"title\":\"Frame Reflection: Toward the Resolution of Intractable Policy Controversies\",\"shorttitle\":\"Frame Reflection\",\"abstract\":\"The authors argue - contrary to the prevailing wisdom in academia - that human beings can reflect on and learn about the game of policy making even as they play it. They write, \\\"human beings are capable of exploring how their own actions may exacerbate contention, contribute to stalemate, and trigger extreme pendulum swings, or, on the contrary, how their actions might help to resolve the frame conflicts that underlie stubborn policy disputes.\\\"\",\"language\":\"en\",\"publisher\":\"BasicBooks\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Schön\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Donald\",\"A.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Rein\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Martin\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"year\":\"1994\",\"note\":\"Google-Books-ID: g16OzQEACAAJ\",\"bibtex\":\"@book{schon_frame_1994,\\n\\taddress = {NY},\\n\\ttitle = {Frame {Reflection}: {Toward} the {Resolution} of {Intractable} {Policy} {Controversies}},\\n\\tshorttitle = {Frame {Reflection}},\\n\\tabstract = {The authors argue - contrary to the prevailing wisdom in academia - that human beings can reflect on and learn about the game of policy making even as they play it. They write, \\\"human beings are capable of exploring how their own actions may exacerbate contention, contribute to stalemate, and trigger extreme pendulum swings, or, on the contrary, how their actions might help to resolve the frame conflicts that underlie stubborn policy disputes.\\\"},\\n\\tlanguage = {en},\\n\\tpublisher = {BasicBooks},\\n\\tauthor = {Schön, Donald A. and Rein, Martin},\\n\\tyear = {1994},\\n\\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: g16OzQEACAAJ},\\n}\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Schön, D. A.\",\"Rein, M.\"],\"key\":\"schon_frame_1994\",\"id\":\"schon_frame_1994\",\"bibbaseid\":\"schn-rein-framereflectiontowardtheresolutionofintractablepolicycontroversies-1994\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{},\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"book\",\"type\":\"book\",\"address\":\"Durham, NC\",\"title\":\"Narrative Policy Analysis: Theory and Practice\",\"isbn\":\"978-0-8223-8189-1\",\"shorttitle\":\"Narrative Policy Analysis\",\"url\":\"https://read.dukeupress.edu/books/book/592/Narrative-Policy-AnalysisTheory-and-Practice\",\"abstract\":\"Narrative Policy Analysis presents a powerful and original application of contemporary literary theory and policy analysis to many of today’s most urgent p\",\"language\":\"en\",\"urldate\":\"2024-08-13\",\"publisher\":\"Duke University Press\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Roe\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Emery\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"month\":\"November\",\"year\":\"1994\",\"doi\":\"10.1215/9780822381891\",\"bibtex\":\"@book{roe_narrative_1994,\\n\\taddress = {Durham, NC},\\n\\ttitle = {Narrative {Policy} {Analysis}: {Theory} and {Practice}},\\n\\tisbn = {978-0-8223-8189-1},\\n\\tshorttitle = {Narrative {Policy} {Analysis}},\\n\\turl = {https://read.dukeupress.edu/books/book/592/Narrative-Policy-AnalysisTheory-and-Practice},\\n\\tabstract = {Narrative Policy Analysis presents a powerful and original application of contemporary literary theory and policy analysis to many of today’s most urgent p},\\n\\tlanguage = {en},\\n\\turldate = {2024-08-13},\\n\\tpublisher = {Duke University Press},\\n\\tauthor = {Roe, Emery},\\n\\tmonth = nov,\\n\\tyear = {1994},\\n\\tdoi = {10.1215/9780822381891},\\n}\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Roe, E.\"],\"key\":\"roe_narrative_1994\",\"id\":\"roe_narrative_1994\",\"bibbaseid\":\"roe-narrativepolicyanalysistheoryandpractice-1994\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{\"Paper\":\"https://read.dukeupress.edu/books/book/592/Narrative-Policy-AnalysisTheory-and-Practice\"},\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"downloads\":0,\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"article\",\"type\":\"article\",\"title\":\"Practices of policy interpretation\",\"volume\":\"28\",\"issn\":\"1573-0891\",\"url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00999671\",\"doi\":\"10.1007/BF00999671\",\"language\":\"en\",\"number\":\"2\",\"urldate\":\"2024-08-13\",\"journal\":\"Policy Sciences\",\"editor\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Yanow\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Dvora\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"month\":\"May\",\"year\":\"1995\",\"pages\":\"111–126\",\"bibtex\":\"@article{yanow_practices_1995,\\n\\ttitle = {Practices of policy interpretation},\\n\\tvolume = {28},\\n\\tissn = {1573-0891},\\n\\turl = {https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00999671},\\n\\tdoi = {10.1007/BF00999671},\\n\\tlanguage = {en},\\n\\tnumber = {2},\\n\\turldate = {2024-08-13},\\n\\tjournal = {Policy Sciences},\\n\\teditor = {Yanow, Dvora},\\n\\tmonth = may,\\n\\tyear = {1995},\\n\\tpages = {111--126},\\n}\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\",\"editor_short\":[\"Yanow, D.\"],\"key\":\"yanow_practices_1995\",\"id\":\"yanow_practices_1995\",\"bibbaseid\":\"yanow-practicesofpolicyinterpretation-1995\",\"role\":\"editor\",\"urls\":{\"Paper\":\"https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00999671\"},\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"article\",\"type\":\"article\",\"title\":\"Built Space as Story\",\"volume\":\"23\",\"issn\":\"1541-0072\",\"url\":\"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1541-0072.1995.tb00520.x\",\"doi\":\"10.1111/j.1541-0072.1995.tb00520.x\",\"abstract\":\"Policy analysis, both of a positivist and of an interpretivist bent, often focuses on the explicit, formal language of legislation. But policy meanings are also communicated through agency acts that take place in settings. In this essay I explore what we might learn for policy analysis in seeing built spaces–that is, policy settings–as texts, and specifically as stories.\",\"language\":\"en\",\"number\":\"3\",\"urldate\":\"2024-08-13\",\"journal\":\"Policy Studies Journal\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Yanow\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Dvora\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"year\":\"1995\",\"note\":\"_eprint: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/j.1541-0072.1995.tb00520.x\",\"pages\":\"407–422\",\"bibtex\":\"@article{yanow_built_1995,\\n\\ttitle = {Built {Space} as {Story}},\\n\\tvolume = {23},\\n\\tissn = {1541-0072},\\n\\turl = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1541-0072.1995.tb00520.x},\\n\\tdoi = {10.1111/j.1541-0072.1995.tb00520.x},\\n\\tabstract = {Policy analysis, both of a positivist and of an interpretivist bent, often focuses on the explicit, formal language of legislation. But policy meanings are also communicated through agency acts that take place in settings. In this essay I explore what we might learn for policy analysis in seeing built spaces–that is, policy settings–as texts, and specifically as stories.},\\n\\tlanguage = {en},\\n\\tnumber = {3},\\n\\turldate = {2024-08-13},\\n\\tjournal = {Policy Studies Journal},\\n\\tauthor = {Yanow, Dvora},\\n\\tyear = {1995},\\n\\tnote = {\\\\_eprint: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/j.1541-0072.1995.tb00520.x},\\n\\tpages = {407--422},\\n}\\n\\n\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Yanow, D.\"],\"key\":\"yanow_built_1995\",\"id\":\"yanow_built_1995\",\"bibbaseid\":\"yanow-builtspaceasstory-1995\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{\"Paper\":\"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1541-0072.1995.tb00520.x\"},\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"article\",\"type\":\"article\",\"title\":\"Contextual meanings in policy discourse: A case study of language use concerning resource policy in the New Zealand high country\",\"volume\":\"31\",\"issn\":\"1573-0891\",\"shorttitle\":\"Contextual meanings in policy discourse\",\"url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1004380732660\",\"doi\":\"10.1023/A:1004380732660\",\"abstract\":\"Variation in the meaning and use of the term 'landscape' by different decision makers and decision influencers in the New Zealand high country is analysed in relation to the way they describe a resource policy issue. The case study is based upon documentary sources and oral accounts of the role that trees might play in high country land use. Links between language use and interest are identified and explored, and some consequential implications discussed.\",\"language\":\"en\",\"number\":\"3\",\"urldate\":\"2024-08-13\",\"journal\":\"Policy Sciences\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Swaffield\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Simon\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"month\":\"September\",\"year\":\"1998\",\"keywords\":\"Decision Influencer, Decision Maker, Economic Policy, Policy Discourse, Policy Issue\",\"pages\":\"199–224\",\"bibtex\":\"@article{swaffield_contextual_1998,\\n\\ttitle = {Contextual meanings in policy discourse: {A} case study of language use concerning resource policy in the {New} {Zealand} high country},\\n\\tvolume = {31},\\n\\tissn = {1573-0891},\\n\\tshorttitle = {Contextual meanings in policy discourse},\\n\\turl = {https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1004380732660},\\n\\tdoi = {10.1023/A:1004380732660},\\n\\tabstract = {Variation in the meaning and use of the term 'landscape' by different decision makers and decision influencers in the New Zealand high country is analysed in relation to the way they describe a resource policy issue. The case study is based upon documentary sources and oral accounts of the role that trees might play in high country land use. Links between language use and interest are identified and explored, and some consequential implications discussed.},\\n\\tlanguage = {en},\\n\\tnumber = {3},\\n\\turldate = {2024-08-13},\\n\\tjournal = {Policy Sciences},\\n\\tauthor = {Swaffield, Simon},\\n\\tmonth = sep,\\n\\tyear = {1998},\\n\\tkeywords = {Decision Influencer, Decision Maker, Economic Policy, Policy Discourse, Policy Issue},\\n\\tpages = {199--224},\\n}\\n\\n\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Swaffield, S.\"],\"key\":\"swaffield_contextual_1998\",\"id\":\"swaffield_contextual_1998\",\"bibbaseid\":\"swaffield-contextualmeaningsinpolicydiscourseacasestudyoflanguageuseconcerningresourcepolicyinthenewzealandhighcountry-1998\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{\"Paper\":\"https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1004380732660\"},\"keyword\":[\"Decision Influencer\",\"Decision Maker\",\"Economic Policy\",\"Policy Discourse\",\"Policy Issue\"],\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"book\",\"type\":\"book\",\"address\":\"Durham, NC\",\"title\":\"Citizens, Experts, and the Environment: The Politics of Local Knowledge\",\"isbn\":\"978-0-8223-2622-9\",\"shorttitle\":\"Citizens, Experts, and the Environment\",\"abstract\":\"The tension between professional expertise and democratic governance has become increasingly significant in Western politics. Environmental politics in particular is a hotbed for citizens who actively challenge the imposition of expert theories that ignore forms of local knowledge that can help to relate technical facts to social values.Where information ideologues see the modern increase in information as capable of making everyone smarter, others see the emergence of a society divided between those with and those without knowledge. Suggesting realistic strategies to bridge this divide, Fischer calls for meaningful nonexpert involvement in policymaking and shows how the deliberations of ordinary citizens can help solve complex social and environmental problems by contributing local contextual knowledge to the professionals’ expertise. While incorporating theoretical critiques of positivism and methodology, he also offers hard evidence to demonstrate that the ordinary citizen is capable of a great deal more participation than is generally recognized. Popular epidemiology in the United States, the Danish consensus conference, and participatory resource mapping in India serve as examples of the type of inquiry he proposes, showing how the local knowledge of citizens is invaluable to policy formation. In his conclusion Fischer examines the implications of the approach for participatory democracy and the democratization of contemporary deliberative structures.This study will interest political scientists, public policy practitioners, sociologists, scientists, environmentalists, political activists, urban planners, and public administrators along with those interested in understanding the relationship between democracy and science in a modern technological society.\",\"language\":\"en\",\"publisher\":\"Duke University Press\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Fischer\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Frank\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"month\":\"December\",\"year\":\"2000\",\"note\":\"Google-Books-ID: rUEFMenCPH0C\",\"keywords\":\"Nature / Environmental Conservation & Protection, Political Science / History & Theory, Political Science / Public Policy / General, Science / Environmental Science, Technology & Engineering / Environmental / General\",\"bibtex\":\"@book{fischer_citizens_2000,\\n\\taddress = {Durham, NC},\\n\\ttitle = {Citizens, {Experts}, and the {Environment}: {The} {Politics} of {Local} {Knowledge}},\\n\\tisbn = {978-0-8223-2622-9},\\n\\tshorttitle = {Citizens, {Experts}, and the {Environment}},\\n\\tabstract = {The tension between professional expertise and democratic governance has become increasingly significant in Western politics. Environmental politics in particular is a hotbed for citizens who actively challenge the imposition of expert theories that ignore forms of local knowledge that can help to relate technical facts to social values.Where information ideologues see the modern increase in information as capable of making everyone smarter, others see the emergence of a society divided between those with and those without knowledge. Suggesting realistic strategies to bridge this divide, Fischer calls for meaningful nonexpert involvement in policymaking and shows how the deliberations of ordinary citizens can help solve complex social and environmental problems by contributing local contextual knowledge to the professionals’ expertise. While incorporating theoretical critiques of positivism and methodology, he also offers hard evidence to demonstrate that the ordinary citizen is capable of a great deal more participation than is generally recognized. Popular epidemiology in the United States, the Danish consensus conference, and participatory resource mapping in India serve as examples of the type of inquiry he proposes, showing how the local knowledge of citizens is invaluable to policy formation. In his conclusion Fischer examines the implications of the approach for participatory democracy and the democratization of contemporary deliberative structures.This study will interest political scientists, public policy practitioners, sociologists, scientists, environmentalists, political activists, urban planners, and public administrators along with those interested in understanding the relationship between democracy and science in a modern technological society.},\\n\\tlanguage = {en},\\n\\tpublisher = {Duke University Press},\\n\\tauthor = {Fischer, Frank},\\n\\tmonth = dec,\\n\\tyear = {2000},\\n\\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: rUEFMenCPH0C},\\n\\tkeywords = {Nature / Environmental Conservation \\\\& Protection, Political Science / History \\\\& Theory, Political Science / Public Policy / General, Science / Environmental Science, Technology \\\\& Engineering / Environmental / General},\\n}\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Fischer, F.\"],\"key\":\"fischer_citizens_2000\",\"id\":\"fischer_citizens_2000\",\"bibbaseid\":\"fischer-citizensexpertsandtheenvironmentthepoliticsoflocalknowledge-2000\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{},\"keyword\":[\"Nature / Environmental Conservation & Protection\",\"Political Science / History & Theory\",\"Political Science / Public Policy / General\",\"Science / Environmental Science\",\"Technology & Engineering / Environmental / General\"],\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"article\",\"type\":\"article\",\"title\":\"‘These are your Title I students’: Policy language in educational practice\",\"volume\":\"34\",\"issn\":\"1573-0891\",\"shorttitle\":\"‘These are your Title I students’\",\"url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1010323227348\",\"doi\":\"10.1023/A:1010323227348\",\"abstract\":\"Based on a qualitative study of the United States federal compensatory education policy, Title I of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act, this article uses interpretive policy analysis to investigate the ways in which policy language influences practitioners' understanding of students who are eligible for policy-funded services. Focusing on the situated interpretations of practitioners in nine urban elementary schools, the study shows how policy-generated categories shape practitioners' conceptualizations of students as they determine how to provide services. The aricle considers possible consequences of policy labels on teacher expectations and ends with an appeal for the collective, reflective interrogation of policy language in educational practice.\",\"language\":\"en\",\"number\":\"2\",\"urldate\":\"2024-08-13\",\"journal\":\"Policy Sciences\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Stein\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Sandra\",\"J.\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"month\":\"June\",\"year\":\"2001\",\"keywords\":\"Economic Policy, Education Policy, Elementary School, Policy Analysis, Qualitative Study\",\"pages\":\"135–156\",\"bibtex\":\"@article{stein_these_2001,\\n\\ttitle = {‘{These} are your {Title} {I} students’: {Policy} language in educational practice},\\n\\tvolume = {34},\\n\\tissn = {1573-0891},\\n\\tshorttitle = {‘{These} are your {Title} {I} students’},\\n\\turl = {https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1010323227348},\\n\\tdoi = {10.1023/A:1010323227348},\\n\\tabstract = {Based on a qualitative study of the United States federal compensatory education policy, Title I of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act, this article uses interpretive policy analysis to investigate the ways in which policy language influences practitioners' understanding of students who are eligible for policy-funded services. Focusing on the situated interpretations of practitioners in nine urban elementary schools, the study shows how policy-generated categories shape practitioners' conceptualizations of students as they determine how to provide services. The aricle considers possible consequences of policy labels on teacher expectations and ends with an appeal for the collective, reflective interrogation of policy language in educational practice.},\\n\\tlanguage = {en},\\n\\tnumber = {2},\\n\\turldate = {2024-08-13},\\n\\tjournal = {Policy Sciences},\\n\\tauthor = {Stein, Sandra J.},\\n\\tmonth = jun,\\n\\tyear = {2001},\\n\\tkeywords = {Economic Policy, Education Policy, Elementary School, Policy Analysis, Qualitative Study},\\n\\tpages = {135--156},\\n}\\n\\n\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Stein, S. J.\"],\"key\":\"stein_these_2001\",\"id\":\"stein_these_2001\",\"bibbaseid\":\"stein-theseareyourtitleistudentspolicylanguageineducationalpractice-2001\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{\"Paper\":\"https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1010323227348\"},\"keyword\":[\"Economic Policy\",\"Education Policy\",\"Elementary School\",\"Policy Analysis\",\"Qualitative Study\"],\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"book\",\"type\":\"book\",\"address\":\"United Kingdom\",\"title\":\"Deliberative Policy Analysis: Understanding Governance in the Network Society\",\"isbn\":\"978-0-521-53070-5\",\"shorttitle\":\"Deliberative Policy Analysis\",\"abstract\":\"What kind of policy analysis is required now that governments increasingly encounter the limits of governing? Exploring the contexts of politics and policy making, this 2003 book presents an original analysis of the relationship between state and society, and new possibilities for collective learning and conflict resolution. The key insight of the book is that democratic governance calls for a new deliberatively-oriented policy analysis. Traditionally policy analysis has been state-centered, based on the assumption that central government is self-evidently the locus of governing. Drawing on detailed empirical examples, the book examines the influence of developments such as increasing ethnic and cultural diversity, the complexity of socio-technical systems, and the impact of transnational arrangements on national policy making. This contextual approach indicates the need to rethink the relationship between social theory, policy analysis, and politics. The book is essential reading for all those involved in the study of public policy.\",\"language\":\"en\",\"publisher\":\"Cambridge University Press\",\"editor\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Hajer\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Maarten\",\"A.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Wagenaar\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Hendrik\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"month\":\"May\",\"year\":\"2003\",\"note\":\"Google-Books-ID: k8mVZYSrchQC\",\"keywords\":\"Political Science / General, Political Science / Public Policy / Economic Policy, Social Science / Sociology / General\",\"bibtex\":\"@book{hajer_deliberative_2003,\\n\\taddress = {United Kingdom},\\n\\ttitle = {Deliberative {Policy} {Analysis}: {Understanding} {Governance} in the {Network} {Society}},\\n\\tisbn = {978-0-521-53070-5},\\n\\tshorttitle = {Deliberative {Policy} {Analysis}},\\n\\tabstract = {What kind of policy analysis is required now that governments increasingly encounter the limits of governing? Exploring the contexts of politics and policy making, this 2003 book presents an original analysis of the relationship between state and society, and new possibilities for collective learning and conflict resolution. The key insight of the book is that democratic governance calls for a new deliberatively-oriented policy analysis. Traditionally policy analysis has been state-centered, based on the assumption that central government is self-evidently the locus of governing. Drawing on detailed empirical examples, the book examines the influence of developments such as increasing ethnic and cultural diversity, the complexity of socio-technical systems, and the impact of transnational arrangements on national policy making. This contextual approach indicates the need to rethink the relationship between social theory, policy analysis, and politics. The book is essential reading for all those involved in the study of public policy.},\\n\\tlanguage = {en},\\n\\tpublisher = {Cambridge University Press},\\n\\teditor = {Hajer, Maarten A. and Wagenaar, Hendrik},\\n\\tmonth = may,\\n\\tyear = {2003},\\n\\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: k8mVZYSrchQC},\\n\\tkeywords = {Political Science / General, Political Science / Public Policy / Economic Policy, Social Science / Sociology / General},\\n}\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\",\"editor_short\":[\"Hajer, M. A.\",\"Wagenaar, H.\"],\"key\":\"hajer_deliberative_2003\",\"id\":\"hajer_deliberative_2003\",\"bibbaseid\":\"hajer-wagenaar-deliberativepolicyanalysisunderstandinggovernanceinthenetworksociety-2003\",\"role\":\"editor\",\"urls\":{},\"keyword\":[\"Political Science / General\",\"Political Science / Public Policy / Economic Policy\",\"Social Science / Sociology / General\"],\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"downloads\":0,\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"book\",\"type\":\"book\",\"address\":\"NY\",\"title\":\"Reframing Public Policy: Discursive Politics and Deliberative Practices\",\"isbn\":\"978-0-19-152936-8\",\"shorttitle\":\"Reframing Public Policy\",\"abstract\":\"In recent years a set of radical new approaches to public policy has been developing. These approaches, drawing on discursive analysis and participatory deliberative practices, have come to challenge the dominant technocratic, empiricist models in policy analysis. In his major new book Frank Fischer brings together this new work for the first time and critically examines it. In an accessible way he describes the theoretical, methodological, and political requirements and implications of the new \\\"post-empiricist\\\" approach to public policy. The volume includes a discussion of the social construction of policy problems, the role of interpretation and narrative analysis in policy inquiry, the dialectics of policy argumentation, and the uses of participatory policy analysis. The book will be required reading for anyone studying, researching, or formulating public policy.\",\"language\":\"en\",\"publisher\":\"Oxford University Press\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Fischer\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Frank\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"month\":\"June\",\"year\":\"2003\",\"note\":\"Google-Books-ID: yR0dZ42TjgUC\",\"keywords\":\"Business & Economics / Industries / General, Political Science / History & Theory, Political Science / Public Policy / General, Social Science / Sociology / General\",\"bibtex\":\"@book{fischer_reframing_2003,\\n\\taddress = {NY},\\n\\ttitle = {Reframing {Public} {Policy}: {Discursive} {Politics} and {Deliberative} {Practices}},\\n\\tisbn = {978-0-19-152936-8},\\n\\tshorttitle = {Reframing {Public} {Policy}},\\n\\tabstract = {In recent years a set of radical new approaches to public policy has been developing. These approaches, drawing on discursive analysis and participatory deliberative practices, have come to challenge the dominant technocratic, empiricist models in policy analysis. In his major new book Frank Fischer brings together this new work for the first time and critically examines it. In an accessible way he describes the theoretical, methodological, and political requirements and implications of the new \\\"post-empiricist\\\" approach to public policy. The volume includes a discussion of the social construction of policy problems, the role of interpretation and narrative analysis in policy inquiry, the dialectics of policy argumentation, and the uses of participatory policy analysis. The book will be required reading for anyone studying, researching, or formulating public policy.},\\n\\tlanguage = {en},\\n\\tpublisher = {Oxford University Press},\\n\\tauthor = {Fischer, Frank},\\n\\tmonth = jun,\\n\\tyear = {2003},\\n\\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: yR0dZ42TjgUC},\\n\\tkeywords = {Business \\\\& Economics / Industries / General, Political Science / History \\\\& Theory, Political Science / Public Policy / General, Social Science / Sociology / General},\\n}\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Fischer, F.\"],\"key\":\"fischer_reframing_2003\",\"id\":\"fischer_reframing_2003\",\"bibbaseid\":\"fischer-reframingpublicpolicydiscursivepoliticsanddeliberativepractices-2003\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{},\"keyword\":[\"Business & Economics / Industries / General\",\"Political Science / History & Theory\",\"Political Science / Public Policy / General\",\"Social Science / Sociology / General\"],\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"downloads\":0,\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"book\",\"type\":\"book\",\"address\":\"NY\",\"title\":\"Democracy and Expertise: Reorienting Policy Inquiry\",\"isbn\":\"978-0-19-956524-5\",\"shorttitle\":\"Democracy and Expertise\",\"abstract\":\"This book explores the role of policy expertise in a democratic society. From the perspectives of political science and policy theory, the chapters examine the implications of deliberative democratic governance for professional expertise and extends them to specific policy practices. Following the earlier lead of John Dewey, the discussion focuses in particular on the ways professional practices might be reoriented to assist citizens in understanding and discussing the complex policy issues of an advanced technological society. In doing so, it also explores how public deliberation can be improved through more cooperative forms of policy inquiry. Adopting a deliberative-analytic approach to policy inquiry, grounded in a postempiricist, constructivist understanding of inquiry and knowledge and the participatory practices that support such an approach, the chapters draw on thriving theoretical and practical work dedicated to revitalizing the citizen's role in both civil society and newer practices of democratic governance-in particular deliberative democracy, practical work with deliberative experiments, the theory and practices of democratic governance, and participatory research. Deliberative practices are promoted here as a new component part of policy-related disciplines required for participatory governance. Calling for a specialization of \\\"policy epistemics\\\" to advance such practices, the second half of the book takes up issues related to deliberative empowerment, including the relation of technical and social knowledge, the interpretive dimensions of social meaning and multiple realities, the role of narrative knowledge and storylines, policy inquiry, social learning, tacit knowledge, the design of discursive spaces, and the place of emotional expression in public deliberation.\",\"language\":\"en\",\"publisher\":\"Oxford University Press\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Fischer\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Frank\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"year\":\"2009\",\"note\":\"Google-Books-ID: Dem4OAAACAAJ\",\"keywords\":\"Political Science / General, Political Science / History & Theory, Political Science / Political Ideologies / Democracy, Political Science / Public Affairs & Administration, Political Science / Public Policy / General, Social Science / Sociology / General\",\"bibtex\":\"@book{fischer_democracy_2009,\\n\\taddress = {NY},\\n\\ttitle = {Democracy and {Expertise}: {Reorienting} {Policy} {Inquiry}},\\n\\tisbn = {978-0-19-956524-5},\\n\\tshorttitle = {Democracy and {Expertise}},\\n\\tabstract = {This book explores the role of policy expertise in a democratic society. From the perspectives of political science and policy theory, the chapters examine the implications of deliberative democratic governance for professional expertise and extends them to specific policy practices. Following the earlier lead of John Dewey, the discussion focuses in particular on the ways professional practices might be reoriented to assist citizens in understanding and discussing the complex policy issues of an advanced technological society. In doing so, it also explores how public deliberation can be improved through more cooperative forms of policy inquiry.  Adopting a deliberative-analytic approach to policy inquiry, grounded in a postempiricist, constructivist understanding of inquiry and knowledge and the participatory practices that support such an approach, the chapters draw on thriving theoretical and practical work dedicated to revitalizing the citizen's role in both civil society and newer practices of democratic governance-in particular deliberative democracy, practical work with deliberative experiments, the theory and practices of democratic governance, and participatory research. Deliberative practices are promoted here as a new component part of policy-related disciplines required for participatory governance. Calling for a specialization of \\\"policy epistemics\\\" to advance such practices, the second half of the book takes up issues related to deliberative empowerment, including the relation of technical and social knowledge, the interpretive dimensions of social meaning and multiple realities, the role of narrative knowledge and storylines, policy inquiry, social learning, tacit knowledge, the design of discursive spaces, and the place of emotional expression in public deliberation.},\\n\\tlanguage = {en},\\n\\tpublisher = {Oxford University Press},\\n\\tauthor = {Fischer, Frank},\\n\\tyear = {2009},\\n\\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: Dem4OAAACAAJ},\\n\\tkeywords = {Political Science / General, Political Science / History \\\\& Theory, Political Science / Political Ideologies / Democracy, Political Science / Public Affairs \\\\& Administration, Political Science / Public Policy / General, Social Science / Sociology / General},\\n}\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Fischer, F.\"],\"key\":\"fischer_democracy_2009\",\"id\":\"fischer_democracy_2009\",\"bibbaseid\":\"fischer-democracyandexpertisereorientingpolicyinquiry-2009\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{},\"keyword\":[\"Political Science / General\",\"Political Science / History & Theory\",\"Political Science / Political Ideologies / Democracy\",\"Political Science / Public Affairs & Administration\",\"Political Science / Public Policy / General\",\"Social Science / Sociology / General\"],\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"downloads\":0,\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"book\",\"type\":\"book\",\"address\":\"Chicago, IL\",\"title\":\"The Culture of Public Problems: Drinking-Driving and the Symbolic Order\",\"isbn\":\"978-0-226-31094-7\",\"shorttitle\":\"The Culture of Public Problems\",\"abstract\":\"\\\"Everyone knows 'drunk driving' is a 'serious' offense. And yet, everyone knows lots of 'drunk drivers' who don't get involved in accidents, don't get caught by the police, and manage to compensate adequately for their 'drunken disability.' Everyone also knows of 'drunk drivers' who have been arrested and gotten off easy. Gusfield's book dissects the conventional wisdom about 'drinking-driving' and examines the paradox of a 'serious' offense that is usually treated lightly by the judiciary and rarely carries social stigma.\\\"—Mac Marshall, Social Science and Medicine \\\"A sophisticated and thoughtful critic. . . . Gusfield argues that the 'myth of the killer drunk' is a creation of the 'public culture of law.' . . . Through its dramatic development and condemnation of the anti-social character of the drinking-driver, the public law strengthens the illusion of moral consensus in American society and celebrates the virtues of a sober and orderly world.\\\"—James D. Orcutt, Sociology and Social Research \\\"Joseph Gusfield denies neither the role of alcohol in highway accidents nor the need to do something about it. His point is that the research we conduct on drinking-driving and the laws we make to inhibit it tells us more about our moral order than about the effects of drinking-driving itself. Many will object to this conclusion, but none can ignore it. Indeed, the book will put many scientific and legal experts on the defensive as they face Gusfield's massive erudition, pointed analysis and criticism, and powerful argumentation. In The Culture of Public Problems, Gusfield presents the experts, and us, with a masterpiece of sociological reasoning.\\\"—Barry Schwartz, American Journal of Sociology This book is truly an outstanding achievement. . . . It is sociology of science, sociology of law, sociology of deviance, and sociology of knowledge. Sociologists generally should find the book of great theoretical interest, and it should stimulate personal reflection on their assumptions about science and the kind of consciousness it creates. They will also find that the book is a delight to read.\\\"—William B. Bankston, Social Forces\",\"language\":\"en\",\"publisher\":\"University of Chicago Press\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Gusfield\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Joseph\",\"R.\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"year\":\"1981\",\"note\":\"Google-Books-ID: vKf6MkWMdaQC\",\"keywords\":\"Family & Relationships / General, Language Arts & Disciplines / Communication Studies, Political Science / American Government / General, Social Science / Anthropology / General, Social Science / General, Social Science / Research\",\"bibtex\":\"@book{gusfield_culture_1981,\\n\\taddress = {Chicago, IL},\\n\\ttitle = {The {Culture} of {Public} {Problems}: {Drinking}-{Driving} and the {Symbolic} {Order}},\\n\\tisbn = {978-0-226-31094-7},\\n\\tshorttitle = {The {Culture} of {Public} {Problems}},\\n\\tabstract = {\\\"Everyone knows 'drunk driving' is a 'serious' offense. And yet, everyone knows lots of 'drunk drivers' who don't get involved in accidents, don't get caught by the police, and manage to compensate adequately for their 'drunken disability.' Everyone also knows of 'drunk drivers' who have been arrested and gotten off easy. Gusfield's book dissects the conventional wisdom about 'drinking-driving' and examines the paradox of a 'serious' offense that is usually treated lightly by the judiciary and rarely carries social stigma.\\\"—Mac Marshall, Social Science and Medicine  \\\"A sophisticated and thoughtful critic. . . . Gusfield argues that the 'myth of the killer drunk' is a creation of the 'public culture of law.' . . . Through its dramatic development and condemnation of the anti-social character of the drinking-driver, the public law strengthens the illusion of moral consensus in American society and celebrates the virtues of a sober and orderly world.\\\"—James D. Orcutt, Sociology and Social Research  \\\"Joseph Gusfield denies neither the role of alcohol in highway accidents nor the need to do something about it. His point is that the research we conduct on drinking-driving and the laws we make to inhibit it tells us more about our moral order than about the effects of drinking-driving itself. Many will object to this conclusion, but none can ignore it. Indeed, the book will put many scientific and legal experts on the defensive as they face Gusfield's massive erudition, pointed analysis and criticism, and powerful argumentation. In The Culture of Public Problems, Gusfield presents the experts, and us, with a masterpiece of sociological reasoning.\\\"—Barry Schwartz, American Journal of Sociology  This book is truly an outstanding achievement. . . . It is sociology of science, sociology of law, sociology of deviance, and sociology of knowledge. Sociologists generally should find the book of great theoretical interest, and it should stimulate personal reflection on their assumptions about science and the kind of consciousness it creates. They will also find that the book is a delight to read.\\\"—William B. Bankston, Social Forces},\\n\\tlanguage = {en},\\n\\tpublisher = {University of Chicago Press},\\n\\tauthor = {Gusfield, Joseph R.},\\n\\tyear = {1981},\\n\\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: vKf6MkWMdaQC},\\n\\tkeywords = {Family \\\\& Relationships / General, Language Arts \\\\& Disciplines / Communication Studies, Political Science / American Government / General, Social Science / Anthropology / General, Social Science / General, Social Science / Research},\\n}\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Gusfield, J. R.\"],\"key\":\"gusfield_culture_1981\",\"id\":\"gusfield_culture_1981\",\"bibbaseid\":\"gusfield-thecultureofpublicproblemsdrinkingdrivingandthesymbolicorder-1981\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{},\"keyword\":[\"Family & Relationships / General\",\"Language Arts & Disciplines / Communication Studies\",\"Political Science / American Government / General\",\"Social Science / Anthropology / General\",\"Social Science / General\",\"Social Science / Research\"],\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"incollection\",\"type\":\"incollection\",\"address\":\"Cambridge, MA\",\"title\":\"Critical evaluation of public policy\",\"isbn\":\"978-0-262-56042-9\",\"abstract\":\"Jorgen Habermas's critical communications theory of society has excited widespread interest in recent years. The essays in this book explore the research implications of Habermas's theory for the analysis of modern problems of public life. Spanning the spectrum of the social sciences, the essays relate critical theory to industrial policy under advanced capitalism, education, the mass media and consumerism, public participation in planning, policy analysis, and critical historical studies.John Forester is Associate Professor of City and Regional Planning at Cornell University. Critical Theory and Public Life is included in the series Studies in Contemporary German Social Thought, edited by Thomas McCarthy.\",\"language\":\"en\",\"booktitle\":\"Critical Theory and Public Life\",\"publisher\":\"MIT Press\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Fischer\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Frank\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"editor\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Forester\"],\"firstnames\":[\"John\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"year\":\"1987\",\"note\":\"Google-Books-ID: SSwFrp9fm1cC\",\"keywords\":\"Philosophy / General, Philosophy / History & Surveys / Modern, Social Science / General\",\"pages\":\"231–57\",\"bibtex\":\"@incollection{forester_critical_1987,\\n\\taddress = {Cambridge, MA},\\n\\ttitle = {Critical evaluation of public policy},\\n\\tisbn = {978-0-262-56042-9},\\n\\tabstract = {Jorgen Habermas's critical communications theory of society has excited widespread interest in recent years. The essays in this book explore the research implications of Habermas's theory for the analysis of modern problems of public life. Spanning the spectrum of the social sciences, the essays relate critical theory to industrial policy under advanced capitalism, education, the mass media and consumerism, public participation in planning, policy analysis, and critical historical studies.John Forester is Associate Professor of City and Regional Planning at Cornell University. Critical Theory and Public Life is included in the series Studies in Contemporary German Social Thought, edited by Thomas McCarthy.},\\n\\tlanguage = {en},\\n\\tbooktitle = {Critical {Theory} and {Public} {Life}},\\n\\tpublisher = {MIT Press},\\n\\tauthor = {Fischer, Frank},\\n\\teditor = {Forester, John},\\n\\tyear = {1987},\\n\\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: SSwFrp9fm1cC},\\n\\tkeywords = {Philosophy / General, Philosophy / History \\\\& Surveys / Modern, Social Science / General},\\n\\tpages = {231--57},\\n}\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Fischer, F.\"],\"editor_short\":[\"Forester, J.\"],\"key\":\"forester_critical_1987\",\"id\":\"forester_critical_1987\",\"bibbaseid\":\"fischer-criticalevaluationofpublicpolicy-1987\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{},\"keyword\":[\"Philosophy / General\",\"Philosophy / History & Surveys / Modern\",\"Social Science / General\"],\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"incollection\",\"type\":\"incollection\",\"address\":\"United Kingdom\",\"title\":\"Generative metaphor\",\"isbn\":\"978-0-521-40561-4\",\"abstract\":\"Metaphor and Thought reflects the surge of interest in and research into the nature and function of metaphor in language and thought. Philosophers, psychologists, linguists, and educators raise serious questions about the viability of the traditional distinction between the literal and the metaphorical, discussing problems ranging from the definition of metaphor to its role in language acquistion, learning, scientific thinking, and the creation of social policy. In the second edition, the contributors have updated their original essays to reflect changes in their fields. The volume also includes six new chapters that present important and influential new ideas about metaphor that have appeared in such fields as the philosophy of language and the philosophy of science, linguistics, cognitive and clinical psychology, education, and artificial intelligence. The book will serve as an excellent graduate-level textbook in cognitive psychology, linguistics, and artificial intelligence.\",\"language\":\"en\",\"booktitle\":\"Metaphor and Thought\",\"publisher\":\"Cambridge University Press\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Schon\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Donald\",\"A.\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"editor\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Ortony\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Andrew\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"month\":\"November\",\"year\":\"1993\",\"note\":\"Google-Books-ID: QiJRvuXA_VcC\",\"keywords\":\"Language Arts & Disciplines / General, Philosophy / Logic, Psychology / Cognitive Psychology & Cognition, Psychology / General\",\"pages\":\"254–283\",\"bibtex\":\"@incollection{ortony_generative_1993,\\n\\taddress = {United Kingdom},\\n\\ttitle = {Generative metaphor},\\n\\tisbn = {978-0-521-40561-4},\\n\\tabstract = {Metaphor and Thought reflects the surge of interest in and research into the nature and function of metaphor in language and thought. Philosophers, psychologists, linguists, and educators raise serious questions about the viability of the traditional distinction between the literal and the metaphorical, discussing problems ranging from the definition of metaphor to its role in language acquistion, learning, scientific thinking, and the creation of social policy. In the second edition, the contributors have updated their original essays to reflect changes in their fields. The volume also includes six new chapters that present important and influential new ideas about metaphor that have appeared in such fields as the philosophy of language and the philosophy of science, linguistics, cognitive and clinical psychology, education, and artificial intelligence. The book will serve as an excellent graduate-level textbook in cognitive psychology, linguistics, and artificial intelligence.},\\n\\tlanguage = {en},\\n\\tbooktitle = {Metaphor and {Thought}},\\n\\tpublisher = {Cambridge University Press},\\n\\tauthor = {Schon, Donald A.},\\n\\teditor = {Ortony, Andrew},\\n\\tmonth = nov,\\n\\tyear = {1993},\\n\\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: QiJRvuXA\\\\_VcC},\\n\\tkeywords = {Language Arts \\\\& Disciplines / General, Philosophy / Logic, Psychology / Cognitive Psychology \\\\& Cognition, Psychology / General},\\n\\tpages = {254--283},\\n}\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Schon, D. A.\"],\"editor_short\":[\"Ortony, A.\"],\"key\":\"ortony_generative_1993\",\"id\":\"ortony_generative_1993\",\"bibbaseid\":\"schon-generativemetaphor-1993\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{},\"keyword\":[\"Language Arts & Disciplines / General\",\"Philosophy / Logic\",\"Psychology / Cognitive Psychology & Cognition\",\"Psychology / General\"],\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"incollection\",\"type\":\"incollection\",\"address\":\"Lexington, MA\",\"title\":\"Problem setting in policy research\",\"isbn\":\"978-0-669-00498-4\",\"language\":\"en\",\"booktitle\":\"Using Social Research in Public Policy Making\",\"publisher\":\"Lexington Books\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Rein\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Martin\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Schon\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Donald\",\"A.\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"editor\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Weiss\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Carol\",\"H.\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"year\":\"1977\",\"note\":\"Google-Books-ID: OcN8AAAAIAAJ\",\"keywords\":\"Political Science / General, Social Science / General, Social Science / Sociology / General\",\"bibtex\":\"@incollection{weiss_problem_1977,\\n\\taddress = {Lexington, MA},\\n\\ttitle = {Problem setting in policy research},\\n\\tisbn = {978-0-669-00498-4},\\n\\tlanguage = {en},\\n\\tbooktitle = {Using {Social} {Research} in {Public} {Policy} {Making}},\\n\\tpublisher = {Lexington Books},\\n\\tauthor = {Rein, Martin and Schon, Donald A.},\\n\\teditor = {Weiss, Carol H.},\\n\\tyear = {1977},\\n\\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: OcN8AAAAIAAJ},\\n\\tkeywords = {Political Science / General, Social Science / General, Social Science / Sociology / General},\\n}\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Rein, M.\",\"Schon, D. A.\"],\"editor_short\":[\"Weiss, C. H.\"],\"key\":\"weiss_problem_1977\",\"id\":\"weiss_problem_1977\",\"bibbaseid\":\"rein-schon-problemsettinginpolicyresearch-1977\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{},\"keyword\":[\"Political Science / General\",\"Social Science / General\",\"Social Science / Sociology / General\"],\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"book\",\"type\":\"book\",\"address\":\"United States\",\"title\":\"Political Language: Words That Succeed and Policies That Fail\",\"isbn\":\"978-1-4832-6980-1\",\"shorttitle\":\"Political Language\",\"abstract\":\"Political Language: Words That Succeed and Policies That Fail deals with chronic inequalities of a smaller portion of the population getting more. The book discusses the persistence of poverty and greater inequalities in a democratic society such as the United States. The text reviews the chronic problems and the various beliefs found in American society, and also notes the general acceptance of the large differences in the quality of life of the people, which includes political power and autonomy. The book then defines perception of the political spectator and explains the linguistic generation of assumptions (taking for granted), linguistic reconstruction of facts (cover-ups), and the linguistic segmentation of politics (distinct from ordinary world). The text then emphasizes the language of inquiry, of authority, of participation, and of resistance as leading to free inquiry and experimentation or political loyalty. The selection can prove beneficial for political students, economists, educators, sociologists, and members of ministerial affairs related to population and economics.\",\"language\":\"en\",\"publisher\":\"Elsevier Science\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Edelman\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Murray\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"month\":\"September\",\"year\":\"2013\",\"note\":\"Google-Books-ID: NyCLBQAAQBAJ\",\"keywords\":\"Political Science / American Government / General, Political Science / American Government / National, Political Science / Essays, Political Science / Reference, Social Science / Anthropology / General\",\"bibtex\":\"@book{edelman_political_2013,\\n\\taddress = {United States},\\n\\ttitle = {Political {Language}: {Words} {That} {Succeed} and {Policies} {That} {Fail}},\\n\\tisbn = {978-1-4832-6980-1},\\n\\tshorttitle = {Political {Language}},\\n\\tabstract = {Political Language: Words That Succeed and Policies That Fail deals with chronic inequalities of a smaller portion of the population getting more. The book discusses the persistence of poverty and greater inequalities in a democratic society such as the United States. The text reviews the chronic problems and the various beliefs found in American society, and also notes the general acceptance of the large differences in the quality of life of the people, which includes political power and autonomy. The book then defines perception of the political spectator and explains the linguistic generation of assumptions (taking for granted), linguistic reconstruction of facts (cover-ups), and the linguistic segmentation of politics (distinct from ordinary world). The text then emphasizes the language of inquiry, of authority, of participation, and of resistance as leading to free inquiry and experimentation or political loyalty. The selection can prove beneficial for political students, economists, educators, sociologists, and members of ministerial affairs related to population and economics.},\\n\\tlanguage = {en},\\n\\tpublisher = {Elsevier Science},\\n\\tauthor = {Edelman, Murray},\\n\\tmonth = sep,\\n\\tyear = {2013},\\n\\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: NyCLBQAAQBAJ},\\n\\tkeywords = {Political Science / American Government / General, Political Science / American Government / National, Political Science / Essays, Political Science / Reference, Social Science / Anthropology / General},\\n}\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Edelman, M.\"],\"key\":\"edelman_political_2013\",\"id\":\"edelman_political_2013\",\"bibbaseid\":\"edelman-politicallanguagewordsthatsucceedandpoliciesthatfail-2013\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{},\"keyword\":[\"Political Science / American Government / General\",\"Political Science / American Government / National\",\"Political Science / Essays\",\"Political Science / Reference\",\"Social Science / Anthropology / General\"],\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"book\",\"type\":\"book\",\"address\":\"Notre Dame: IN\",\"title\":\"Understanding and Social Inquiry\",\"isbn\":\"978-0-268-01913-6\",\"language\":\"en\",\"publisher\":\"University of Notre Dame Press\",\"editor\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Dallmayr\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Fred\",\"Reinhard\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"McCarthy\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Thomas\",\"A.\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"year\":\"1977\",\"note\":\"Google-Books-ID: YG59zgEACAAJ\",\"keywords\":\"Social Science / Research, Social Science / Sociology / General\",\"bibtex\":\"@book{dallmayr_understanding_1977,\\n\\taddress = {Notre Dame: IN},\\n\\ttitle = {Understanding and {Social} {Inquiry}},\\n\\tisbn = {978-0-268-01913-6},\\n\\tlanguage = {en},\\n\\tpublisher = {University of Notre Dame Press},\\n\\teditor = {Dallmayr, Fred Reinhard and McCarthy, Thomas A.},\\n\\tyear = {1977},\\n\\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: YG59zgEACAAJ},\\n\\tkeywords = {Social Science / Research, Social Science / Sociology / General},\\n}\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\",\"editor_short\":[\"Dallmayr, F. R.\",\"McCarthy, T. A.\"],\"key\":\"dallmayr_understanding_1977\",\"id\":\"dallmayr_understanding_1977\",\"bibbaseid\":\"dallmayr-mccarthy-understandingandsocialinquiry-1977\",\"role\":\"editor\",\"urls\":{},\"keyword\":[\"Social Science / Research\",\"Social Science / Sociology / General\"],\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"article\",\"type\":\"article\",\"title\":\"The Literary Rhetoric of Science: Comedy and Pathos in Drinking Driver Research\",\"volume\":\"41\",\"issn\":\"0003-1224\",\"shorttitle\":\"The Literary Rhetoric of Science\",\"url\":\"https://www.jstor.org/stable/2094370\",\"doi\":\"10.2307/2094370\",\"abstract\":\"This paper is part of a larger study of how knowledge is used in strategies for the solution of public issues. I examine research papers on the issue of drinking and driving, treating the scientific document as a literary, artistic product. Principles of literary criticism, utilized in the analysis of narrative, drama and poetry are applied to the presentation of research to show how statements of fact are given scientific legitimacy and how the literary formulation transfers such statements into rhetorical prescriptions for action. Theorizing and conclusion-making are shown to involve presentational devices of literary selection and language which confer policy implications upon them.\",\"number\":\"1\",\"urldate\":\"2024-08-13\",\"journal\":\"American Sociological Review\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Gusfield\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Joseph\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"year\":\"1976\",\"note\":\"Publisher: [American Sociological Association, Sage Publications, Inc.]\",\"pages\":\"16–34\",\"bibtex\":\"@article{gusfield_literary_1976,\\n\\ttitle = {The {Literary} {Rhetoric} of {Science}: {Comedy} and {Pathos} in {Drinking} {Driver} {Research}},\\n\\tvolume = {41},\\n\\tissn = {0003-1224},\\n\\tshorttitle = {The {Literary} {Rhetoric} of {Science}},\\n\\turl = {https://www.jstor.org/stable/2094370},\\n\\tdoi = {10.2307/2094370},\\n\\tabstract = {This paper is part of a larger study of how knowledge is used in strategies for the solution of public issues. I examine research papers on the issue of drinking and driving, treating the scientific document as a literary, artistic product. Principles of literary criticism, utilized in the analysis of narrative, drama and poetry are applied to the presentation of research to show how statements of fact are given scientific legitimacy and how the literary formulation transfers such statements into rhetorical prescriptions for action. Theorizing and conclusion-making are shown to involve presentational devices of literary selection and language which confer policy implications upon them.},\\n\\tnumber = {1},\\n\\turldate = {2024-08-13},\\n\\tjournal = {American Sociological Review},\\n\\tauthor = {Gusfield, Joseph},\\n\\tyear = {1976},\\n\\tnote = {Publisher: [American Sociological Association, Sage Publications, Inc.]},\\n\\tpages = {16--34},\\n}\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Gusfield, J.\"],\"key\":\"gusfield_literary_1976\",\"id\":\"gusfield_literary_1976\",\"bibbaseid\":\"gusfield-theliteraryrhetoricofsciencecomedyandpathosindrinkingdriverresearch-1976\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{\"Paper\":\"https://www.jstor.org/stable/2094370\"},\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"book\",\"type\":\"book\",\"title\":\"The Literary Rhetoric of Science: Comedy and Pathos in Drinking Driver Research\",\"shorttitle\":\"The Literary Rhetoric of Science\",\"language\":\"en\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Gusfield\"],\"firstnames\":[\"J.\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"year\":\"1976\",\"note\":\"Google-Books-ID: F11OngEACAAJ\",\"bibtex\":\"@book{gusfield_literary_1976,\\n\\ttitle = {The {Literary} {Rhetoric} of {Science}: {Comedy} and {Pathos} in {Drinking} {Driver} {Research}},\\n\\tshorttitle = {The {Literary} {Rhetoric} of {Science}},\\n\\tlanguage = {en},\\n\\tauthor = {Gusfield, J.},\\n\\tyear = {1976},\\n\\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: F11OngEACAAJ},\\n}\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Gusfield, J.\"],\"key\":\"gusfield_literary_1976-1\",\"id\":\"gusfield_literary_1976-1\",\"bibbaseid\":\"gusfield-theliteraryrhetoricofsciencecomedyandpathosindrinkingdriverresearch-1976\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{},\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"book\",\"type\":\"book\",\"address\":\"NY\",\"title\":\"Social Science and Public Policy\",\"isbn\":\"978-0-14-080367-9\",\"abstract\":\"Monograph on the need for critical evaluation of value systems underlying the relationship between social research and social policy - discusses obstacles to the contribution of empirical research and social theory regarding policy formulation, equal opportunity in context with social stratification and social mobility, etc., and uses the health services field as an example of the problem. References.\",\"language\":\"en\",\"publisher\":\"Penguin Books\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Rein\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Martin\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"year\":\"1976\",\"note\":\"Google-Books-ID: wr6CAAAAIAAJ\",\"keywords\":\"Political Science / General, Social Science / General\",\"bibtex\":\"@book{rein_social_1976,\\n\\taddress = {NY},\\n\\ttitle = {Social {Science} and {Public} {Policy}},\\n\\tisbn = {978-0-14-080367-9},\\n\\tabstract = {Monograph on the need for critical evaluation of value systems underlying the relationship between social research and social policy - discusses obstacles to the contribution of empirical research and social theory regarding policy formulation, equal opportunity in context with social stratification and social mobility, etc., and uses the health services field as an example of the problem. References.},\\n\\tlanguage = {en},\\n\\tpublisher = {Penguin Books},\\n\\tauthor = {Rein, Martin},\\n\\tyear = {1976},\\n\\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: wr6CAAAAIAAJ},\\n\\tkeywords = {Political Science / General, Social Science / General},\\n}\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Rein, M.\"],\"key\":\"rein_social_1976\",\"id\":\"rein_social_1976\",\"bibbaseid\":\"rein-socialscienceandpublicpolicy-1976\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{},\"keyword\":[\"Political Science / General\",\"Social Science / General\"],\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"book\",\"type\":\"book\",\"address\":\"United Kingdom\",\"title\":\"Social Theory and Political Practice\",\"isbn\":\"978-1-317-65229-8\",\"abstract\":\"This book examines the question of how our knowledge of social life affects, and ought to affect, our way of living it. In so doing, it critically discusses two epistemological models of social science – the positivist and the interpretive – from the viewpoint of the political theories which, it is argued, are implicit in these models; moreover, it proposes a third model – the critical – which is organised around an explicit account of the relation between social theory and practical life. The book has the special merit of being a good overview of the principal current ideas about the relation between social theory and political practice, as well as an attempt at providing a new and more satisfactory account of this relationship. To accomplish this task, it synthesises work from the analytic philosophy of social science with that of the neo-Marxism of the Frankfurt school.\",\"language\":\"en\",\"publisher\":\"Taylor & Francis\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Fay\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Brian\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"month\":\"August\",\"year\":\"2014\",\"note\":\"Google-Books-ID: vqFeBAAAQBAJ\",\"keywords\":\"Social Science / Sociology / General\",\"bibtex\":\"@book{fay_social_2014,\\n\\taddress = {United Kingdom},\\n\\ttitle = {Social {Theory} and {Political} {Practice}},\\n\\tisbn = {978-1-317-65229-8},\\n\\tabstract = {This book examines the question of how our knowledge of social life affects, and ought to affect, our way of living it. In so doing, it critically discusses two epistemological models of social science – the positivist and the interpretive – from the viewpoint of the political theories which, it is argued, are implicit in these models; moreover, it proposes a third model – the critical – which is organised around an explicit account of the relation between social theory and practical life. The book has the special merit of being a good overview of the principal current ideas about the relation between social theory and political practice, as well as an attempt at providing a new and more satisfactory account of this relationship. To accomplish this task, it synthesises work from the analytic philosophy of social science with that of the neo-Marxism of the Frankfurt school.},\\n\\tlanguage = {en},\\n\\tpublisher = {Taylor \\\\& Francis},\\n\\tauthor = {Fay, Brian},\\n\\tmonth = aug,\\n\\tyear = {2014},\\n\\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: vqFeBAAAQBAJ},\\n\\tkeywords = {Social Science / Sociology / General},\\n}\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Fay, B.\"],\"key\":\"fay_social_2014\",\"id\":\"fay_social_2014\",\"bibbaseid\":\"fay-socialtheoryandpoliticalpractice-2014\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{},\"keyword\":[\"Social Science / Sociology / General\"],\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"book\",\"type\":\"book\",\"title\":\"Politics as Symbolic Action: Mass Arousal and Quiescence\",\"isbn\":\"978-1-4832-6990-0\",\"shorttitle\":\"Politics as Symbolic Action\",\"abstract\":\"Politics as Symbolic Action: Mass Arousal and Quiescence deals with the dynamics of development of political threats related to political behavior. The book discusses the conditions under which the dynamics related to political behavior are the prior causes of political arousal, violence, and quiescence. The text examines the influence of governmental activity on people's beliefs and perceptions—how non-empirical cognitions become the resistant basis of change. The text also examines how the individual phenomenon and the group phenomenon become linked through symbol formation and myths. The book discusses emotion as a catalyst of political ritual and political violence as inferred from Theodore Sarbin's role theory. The use of metaphors, language forms, and mass tensions can all be social-psychological and political processes that can lead to political arousal or quiescence. The book also explains major violent disturbances as having patterns reflective of organization, disorganization, or by leadership example; the book notes the popular notion that the organization or the leader's direction starts or worsens the violence as very simplistic. The book then proposes that political perceptions and beliefs are changeable and that phenomenological perceptions of specific groups of people can identify which political behavior are systematic. The text is suitable for political analysts, political scientists, sociologists, and educators involved in group psychology and analyses.\",\"language\":\"en\",\"publisher\":\"Elsevier Science\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Edelman\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Murray\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"month\":\"September\",\"year\":\"2013\",\"keywords\":\"Social Science / Anthropology / General, Social Science / Regional Studies, Social Science / Sociology / General\",\"bibtex\":\"@book{edelman_politics_2013,\\n\\ttitle = {Politics as {Symbolic} {Action}: {Mass} {Arousal} and {Quiescence}},\\n\\tisbn = {978-1-4832-6990-0},\\n\\tshorttitle = {Politics as {Symbolic} {Action}},\\n\\tabstract = {Politics as Symbolic Action: Mass Arousal and Quiescence deals with the dynamics of development of political threats related to political behavior. The book discusses the conditions under which the dynamics related to political behavior are the prior causes of political arousal, violence, and quiescence. The text examines the influence of governmental activity on people's beliefs and perceptions—how non-empirical cognitions become the resistant basis of change. The text also examines how the individual phenomenon and the group phenomenon become linked through symbol formation and myths. The book discusses emotion as a catalyst of political ritual and political violence as inferred from Theodore Sarbin's role theory. The use of metaphors, language forms, and mass tensions can all be social-psychological and political processes that can lead to political arousal or quiescence. The book also explains major violent disturbances as having patterns reflective of organization, disorganization, or by leadership example; the book notes the popular notion that the organization or the leader's direction starts or worsens the violence as very simplistic. The book then proposes that political perceptions and beliefs are changeable and that phenomenological perceptions of specific groups of people can identify which political behavior are systematic. The text is suitable for political analysts, political scientists, sociologists, and educators involved in group psychology and analyses.},\\n\\tlanguage = {en},\\n\\tpublisher = {Elsevier Science},\\n\\tauthor = {Edelman, Murray},\\n\\tmonth = sep,\\n\\tyear = {2013},\\n\\tkeywords = {Social Science / Anthropology / General, Social Science / Regional Studies, Social Science / Sociology / General},\\n}\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Edelman, M.\"],\"key\":\"edelman_politics_2013\",\"id\":\"edelman_politics_2013\",\"bibbaseid\":\"edelman-politicsassymbolicactionmassarousalandquiescence-2013\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{},\"keyword\":[\"Social Science / Anthropology / General\",\"Social Science / Regional Studies\",\"Social Science / Sociology / General\"],\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"book\",\"type\":\"book\",\"address\":\"Urbana\",\"title\":\"The Symbolic Uses of Politics\",\"isbn\":\"978-0-252-01202-0\",\"abstract\":\"The symbolic manifestations, purposes, and uses of politics are revealed in this provocative analysis of the institution of politics and man as a political animal. Unlike the conventional study of politics that deals with how people get the things they want through government, this book concentrates on how politics influence what they want, what they fear, and what they regard as possible. In examining politics as a symbolic form, it looks at man and politics as reflections of each other.\",\"language\":\"en\",\"publisher\":\"University of Illinois Press\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Edelman\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Murray\",\"Jacob\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"year\":\"1985\",\"note\":\"Google-Books-ID: h163WQZ_Ma8C\",\"keywords\":\"Philosophy / Political, Political Science / History & Theory, Psychology / Social Psychology, Reference / Signs & Symbols, Social Science / Sociology / Social Theory\",\"bibtex\":\"@book{edelman_symbolic_1985,\\n\\taddress = {Urbana},\\n\\ttitle = {The {Symbolic} {Uses} of {Politics}},\\n\\tisbn = {978-0-252-01202-0},\\n\\tabstract = {The symbolic manifestations, purposes, and uses of politics are revealed in this provocative analysis of the institution of politics and man as a political animal.  Unlike the conventional study of politics that deals with how people get the things they want through government, this book concentrates on how politics influence what they want, what they fear, and what they regard as possible. In examining politics as a symbolic form, it looks at man and politics as reflections of each other.},\\n\\tlanguage = {en},\\n\\tpublisher = {University of Illinois Press},\\n\\tauthor = {Edelman, Murray Jacob},\\n\\tyear = {1985},\\n\\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: h163WQZ\\\\_Ma8C},\\n\\tkeywords = {Philosophy / Political, Political Science / History \\\\& Theory, Psychology / Social Psychology, Reference / Signs \\\\& Symbols, Social Science / Sociology / Social Theory},\\n}\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Edelman, M. J.\"],\"key\":\"edelman_symbolic_1985\",\"id\":\"edelman_symbolic_1985\",\"bibbaseid\":\"edelman-thesymbolicusesofpolitics-1985\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{},\"keyword\":[\"Philosophy / Political\",\"Political Science / History & Theory\",\"Psychology / Social Psychology\",\"Reference / Signs & Symbols\",\"Social Science / Sociology / Social Theory\"],\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"book\",\"type\":\"book\",\"address\":\"Belmont, CA\",\"edition\":\"5\",\"title\":\"Theories of Public Organization\",\"isbn\":\"978-1-4390-8625-4\",\"url\":\"https://books.google.ch/books?id=iykoQQAACAAJ\",\"publisher\":\"Wadsworth/Cengage Learning\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Denhardt\"],\"firstnames\":[\"R.B.\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"year\":\"2011\",\"lccn\":\"2009943654\",\"bibtex\":\"@book{denhardt_theories_2011,\\n\\taddress = {Belmont, CA},\\n\\tedition = {5},\\n\\ttitle = {Theories of {Public} {Organization}},\\n\\tisbn = {978-1-4390-8625-4},\\n\\turl = {https://books.google.ch/books?id=iykoQQAACAAJ},\\n\\tpublisher = {Wadsworth/Cengage Learning},\\n\\tauthor = {Denhardt, R.B.},\\n\\tyear = {2011},\\n\\tlccn = {2009943654},\\n}\\n\\n\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Denhardt, R.\"],\"key\":\"denhardt_theories_2011-1\",\"id\":\"denhardt_theories_2011-1\",\"bibbaseid\":\"denhardt-theoriesofpublicorganization-2011\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{\"Paper\":\"https://books.google.ch/books?id=iykoQQAACAAJ\"},\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"incollection\",\"type\":\"incollection\",\"address\":\"Albany, NY\",\"title\":\"Understanding action, praxis, and change\",\"isbn\":\"978-0-7914-8189-9\",\"abstract\":\"In this conceptual guided tour of contemporary public administration, Jong S. Jun challenges the limitations of the discipline which, he argues, make it inadequate for understanding today's complex human phenomena. Drawing on examples and case studies from both Eastern and Western countries, he emphasizes critical and interpretive perspectives as a counterforce to the instrumental-technical rationality that reduces the field to structural and functionalist views of management. He also emphasizes the idea of democratic social construction to transcend the field's reliance on conventional pluralist politics. Jun stresses that public administrators and institutions must create opportunities for sharing and learning among organizational members and must facilitate interactive processes between public administrators and citizens so that the latter can voice their problems and opinions. The future role of public administrators will be to transcend the limitations of the management and governing of modern public administration and to explore ways of constructing socially meaningful alternatives through communicative action and the participation of citizens.\",\"language\":\"en\",\"booktitle\":\"The Social Construction of Public Administration: Interpretive and Critical Perspectives\",\"publisher\":\"State University of New York Press\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Jun\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Jong\",\"S.\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"month\":\"February\",\"year\":\"2012\",\"note\":\"Google-Books-ID: 0KCjeUvCcQEC\",\"keywords\":\"Political Science / Public Affairs & Administration, Social Science / Methodology\",\"pages\":\"Ch 6\",\"bibtex\":\"@incollection{jun_understanding_2012,\\n\\taddress = {Albany, NY},\\n\\ttitle = {Understanding action, praxis, and change},\\n\\tisbn = {978-0-7914-8189-9},\\n\\tabstract = {In this conceptual guided tour of contemporary public administration, Jong S. Jun challenges the limitations of the discipline which, he argues, make it inadequate for understanding today's complex human phenomena. Drawing on examples and case studies from both Eastern and Western countries, he emphasizes critical and interpretive perspectives as a counterforce to the instrumental-technical rationality that reduces the field to structural and functionalist views of management. He also emphasizes the idea of democratic social construction to transcend the field's reliance on conventional pluralist politics. Jun stresses that public administrators and institutions must create opportunities for sharing and learning among organizational members and must facilitate interactive processes between public administrators and citizens so that the latter can voice their problems and opinions. The future role of public administrators will be to transcend the limitations of the management and governing of modern public administration and to explore ways of constructing socially meaningful alternatives through communicative action and the participation of citizens.},\\n\\tlanguage = {en},\\n\\tbooktitle = {The {Social} {Construction} of {Public} {Administration}: {Interpretive} and {Critical} {Perspectives}},\\n\\tpublisher = {State University of New York Press},\\n\\tauthor = {Jun, Jong S.},\\n\\tmonth = feb,\\n\\tyear = {2012},\\n\\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: 0KCjeUvCcQEC},\\n\\tkeywords = {Political Science / Public Affairs \\\\& Administration, Social Science / Methodology},\\n\\tpages = {Ch 6},\\n}\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Jun, J. S.\"],\"key\":\"jun_understanding_2012\",\"id\":\"jun_understanding_2012\",\"bibbaseid\":\"jun-understandingactionpraxisandchange-2012\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{},\"keyword\":[\"Political Science / Public Affairs & Administration\",\"Social Science / Methodology\"],\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"book\",\"type\":\"book\",\"address\":\"Washington, DC\",\"title\":\"Talking Language Seriously: The Narraative Foundations of Public Administration Research\",\"isbn\":\"978-0-87840-878-8\",\"shorttitle\":\"Talking Language Seriously\",\"abstract\":\"The logic of research in public administration, argues Jay D. White, may be more like that of storytelling than of conventional social science research. In Taking Language Seriously, he examines the linguistic, discursive, and narrative foundations of public administration research and develops a narrative theory of knowledge development and use for the field. White builds his case for this narrative theory by showing how research on complex problems is grounded in language and discourse. He then explains how a variety of recent developments in philosophy and the humanities–positivism, postpositivism, hermeneutics, critical and legal theory, postmodernism, and poststructuralism–can contribute to our understanding of public administration research. Focusing on the logical structures of three modes of research–explanatory, interpretive, and critical–White shows how each is equally legitimate, depending on the nature of the research questions. This comprehensive yet clear discussion of the philosophical foundations of research in public administration advances an alternative theory of knowledge development that will be valuable for everyone in fields seeking to affect social, political, economic, and organizational change.\",\"language\":\"en\",\"publisher\":\"Georgetown University Press\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"White\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Jay\",\"D.\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"month\":\"December\",\"year\":\"2001\",\"note\":\"Google-Books-ID: s47BzgEACAAJ\",\"keywords\":\"Political Science / Public Affairs & Administration\",\"bibtex\":\"@book{white_talking_2001,\\n\\taddress = {Washington, DC},\\n\\ttitle = {Talking {Language} {Seriously}: {The} {Narraative} {Foundations} of {Public} {Administration} {Research}},\\n\\tisbn = {978-0-87840-878-8},\\n\\tshorttitle = {Talking {Language} {Seriously}},\\n\\tabstract = {The logic of research in public administration, argues Jay D. White, may be more like that of storytelling than of conventional social science research. In Taking Language Seriously, he examines the linguistic, discursive, and narrative foundations of public administration research and develops a narrative theory of knowledge development and use for the field. White builds his case for this narrative theory by showing how research on complex problems is grounded in language and discourse. He then explains how a variety of recent developments in philosophy and the humanities--positivism, postpositivism, hermeneutics, critical and legal theory, postmodernism, and poststructuralism--can contribute to our understanding of public administration research. Focusing on the logical structures of three modes of research--explanatory, interpretive, and critical--White shows how each is equally legitimate, depending on the nature of the research questions. This comprehensive yet clear discussion of the philosophical foundations of research in public administration advances an alternative theory of knowledge development that will be valuable for everyone in fields seeking to affect social, political, economic, and organizational change.},\\n\\tlanguage = {en},\\n\\tpublisher = {Georgetown University Press},\\n\\tauthor = {White, Jay D.},\\n\\tmonth = dec,\\n\\tyear = {2001},\\n\\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: s47BzgEACAAJ},\\n\\tkeywords = {Political Science / Public Affairs \\\\& Administration},\\n}\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"White, J. D.\"],\"key\":\"white_talking_2001\",\"id\":\"white_talking_2001\",\"bibbaseid\":\"white-talkinglanguageseriouslythenarraativefoundationsofpublicadministrationresearch-2001\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{},\"keyword\":[\"Political Science / Public Affairs & Administration\"],\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"book\",\"type\":\"book\",\"address\":\"Lawrence, KN\",\"title\":\"Bureau Men, Settlement Women: Constructing Public Administration in the Progressive Era\",\"isbn\":\"978-0-7006-1021-1\",\"shorttitle\":\"Bureau Men, Settlement Women\",\"abstract\":\"During the first two decades of the twentieth century in cities across America, both men and women struggled for urban reform but in distinctively different ways. Adhering to gender roles of the time, men working for independent research bureaus sought to apply scientific and business practices to corrupt city governments, while women in the settlement house movement labored to improve the lives of the urban poor by testing new services and then getting governments to adopt them. Although the two intertwined at first, the contributions of these \\\"settlement women\\\" to the development of the administrative state have been largely lost as the new field of public administration evolved from the research bureaus and diverged from social work. Camilla Stivers now shows how public administration came to be dominated not just by science and business but also by masculinity, calling into question much that is taken for granted about the profession and creating an alternative vision of public service. Bureau Men, Settlement Women offers a rare look at the early intellectual history of public administration and is the only book to examine the subject from a gender perspective. It recovers the forgotten contributions of women-their engagement in public life, concern about the proper aims of government, and commitment to citizenship and community-to show that they were ultimately more successful than their male counterparts in enlarging the work and moral scope of government. Stivers's study helps explain public administration's long-standing \\\"identity crisis\\\" by showing why the separation of male and female roles restricted public administration to an unnecessary instrumentalism. It also provides the most detailed examination in half a century of the New York Bureau of Municipal Research and its role in the development of twentieth-century public administration. By reconsidering the origins of the field and calling for a new sense of purpose in public service, Stivers suggests that public administrators need not rigidly emulate business practices but should instead strive to improve the ways in which they deal with people. Her well-researched critique will help students and professionals better understand their calling and challenge them to reconsider how they think about, educate for, and perform government service.\",\"language\":\"en\",\"publisher\":\"University Press of Kansas\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Stivers\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Camilla\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"year\":\"2000\",\"note\":\"Google-Books-ID: TYmOAAAAMAAJ\",\"keywords\":\"Business & Economics / Industries / General, History / Women, Political Science / American Government / General, Political Science / Political Ideologies / Conservatism & Liberalism, Political Science / Political Ideologies / General, Political Science / Public Affairs & Administration, Social Science / Gender Studies, Social Science / Women's Studies, Technology & Engineering / Acoustics & Sound\",\"bibtex\":\"@book{stivers_bureau_2000,\\n\\taddress = {Lawrence, KN},\\n\\ttitle = {Bureau {Men}, {Settlement} {Women}: {Constructing} {Public} {Administration} in the {Progressive} {Era}},\\n\\tisbn = {978-0-7006-1021-1},\\n\\tshorttitle = {Bureau {Men}, {Settlement} {Women}},\\n\\tabstract = {During the first two decades of the twentieth century in cities across America, both men and women struggled for urban reform but in distinctively different ways. Adhering to gender roles of the time, men working for independent research bureaus sought to apply scientific and business practices to corrupt city governments, while women in the settlement house movement labored to improve the lives of the urban poor by testing new services and then getting governments to adopt them.  Although the two intertwined at first, the contributions of these \\\"settlement women\\\" to the development of the administrative state have been largely lost as the new field of public administration evolved from the research bureaus and diverged from social work. Camilla Stivers now shows how public administration came to be dominated not just by science and business but also by masculinity, calling into question much that is taken for granted about the profession and creating an alternative vision of public service.  Bureau Men, Settlement Women offers a rare look at the early intellectual history of public administration and is the only book to examine the subject from a gender perspective. It recovers the forgotten contributions of women-their engagement in public life, concern about the proper aims of government, and commitment to citizenship and community-to show that they were ultimately more successful than their male counterparts in enlarging the work and moral scope of government.  Stivers's study helps explain public administration's long-standing \\\"identity crisis\\\" by showing why the separation of male and female roles restricted public administration to an unnecessary instrumentalism. It also provides the most detailed examination in half a century of the New York Bureau of Municipal Research and its role in the development of twentieth-century public administration.  By reconsidering the origins of the field and calling for a new sense of purpose in public service, Stivers suggests that public administrators need not rigidly emulate business practices but should instead strive to improve the ways in which they deal with people. Her well-researched critique will help students and professionals better understand their calling and challenge them to reconsider how they think about, educate for, and perform government service.},\\n\\tlanguage = {en},\\n\\tpublisher = {University Press of Kansas},\\n\\tauthor = {Stivers, Camilla},\\n\\tyear = {2000},\\n\\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: TYmOAAAAMAAJ},\\n\\tkeywords = {Business \\\\& Economics / Industries / General, History / Women, Political Science / American Government / General, Political Science / Political Ideologies / Conservatism \\\\& Liberalism, Political Science / Political Ideologies / General, Political Science / Public Affairs \\\\& Administration, Social Science / Gender Studies, Social Science / Women's Studies, Technology \\\\& Engineering / Acoustics \\\\& Sound},\\n}\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Stivers, C.\"],\"key\":\"stivers_bureau_2000\",\"id\":\"stivers_bureau_2000\",\"bibbaseid\":\"stivers-bureaumensettlementwomenconstructingpublicadministrationintheprogressiveera-2000\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{},\"keyword\":[\"Business & Economics / Industries / General\",\"History / Women\",\"Political Science / American Government / General\",\"Political Science / Political Ideologies / Conservatism & Liberalism\",\"Political Science / Political Ideologies / General\",\"Political Science / Public Affairs & Administration\",\"Social Science / Gender Studies\",\"Social Science / Women's Studies\",\"Technology & Engineering / Acoustics & Sound\"],\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"book\",\"type\":\"book\",\"address\":\"Thousand Oaks, CA\",\"title\":\"Unmasking Administrative Evil\",\"isbn\":\"978-1-5063-1888-2\",\"abstract\":\"Unmasking Administrative Evil discusses the overlooked relationship between evil and public administration, as well as other fields and professions in public life. The authors argue that the tendency toward administrative evil, as manifested in acts of dehumanization and genocide, is deeply woven into the identity of public administration, as well as other fields and professions in public life. The common characteristic of administrative evil is that ordinary people within their normal professional and administrative roles can engage in acts of evil without being aware that they are doing anything wrong. Under conditions of moral inversion, people may even view their evil activity as good. In an age when \\\"bureaucrat bashing\\\" is fashionable, this book seeks to move beyond such superficial critiques and lay the groundwork for a more ethical and democratic public life, one that recognizes its potential for evil and thereby creates greater possibilities for avoiding the hidden pathways that lead to state-sponsored dehumanization and destruction. Although social scientists generally do not discuss \\\"evil\\\" in an academic setting, there is no denying that it has existed in public administration throughout history. Hundreds of millions of human beings have died as a direct or indirect consequence of state-sponsored violence. This book argues that administrative evil, or destructiveness, is part of the identity of all modern public administration (as it is part of psychoanalytic study at the individual level). Furthermore, evil has been largely suppressed or ignored despite, or perhaps because of, its profound and far-reaching implications for the field. From the Holocaust to the \\\"white lie,\\\" evil exists on a continuum, and the way along that continuum begins on the proverbial \\\"slippery slope.\\\" We prefer to think of horrible eruptions of evil, such as Adolf Hitler, as occurring at a particular historical moment and within specific extraordinary cultural contexts. Yet, we have a long history in the United States of public lynchings, syphilis/radiation/LSD experiments within our military, and police brutality in our cities while public administrators have looked on, even participated. The Holocaust was such a massive administrative undertaking, we must consider whether modern public administration may be at its most effective and efficient when it is engaged in programs of dehumanization and destruction. Constructing a positive future for public administration requires a willingness to deal with the disturbing aspects of the field′s history, identity, and practices. Rather than viewing events such as genocide as isolated or aberrant historical events, the authors show how the forces that unleashed such events are part of modernity and are thus present in all contemporary public organizations. This book is not an exercise in bureaucrat-bashing. It goes beyond superficial critique of public affairs and lays the groundwork for building a more effective and humane profession.\",\"language\":\"en\",\"publisher\":\"SAGE Publications\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Adams\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Guy\",\"B.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Balfour\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Danny\",\"L.\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"month\":\"May\",\"year\":\"1998\",\"note\":\"Google-Books-ID: 0d_aCQAAQBAJ\",\"keywords\":\"Political Science / General, Political Science / Public Affairs & Administration\",\"bibtex\":\"@book{adams_unmasking_1998,\\n\\taddress = {Thousand Oaks, CA},\\n\\ttitle = {Unmasking {Administrative} {Evil}},\\n\\tisbn = {978-1-5063-1888-2},\\n\\tabstract = {Unmasking Administrative Evil discusses the overlooked relationship between evil and public administration, as well as other fields and professions in public life. The authors argue that the tendency toward administrative evil, as manifested in acts of dehumanization and genocide, is deeply woven into the identity of public administration, as well as other fields and professions in public life. The common characteristic of administrative evil is that ordinary people within their normal professional and administrative roles can engage in acts of evil without being aware that they are doing anything wrong. Under conditions of moral inversion, people may even view their evil activity as good. In an age when \\\"bureaucrat bashing\\\" is fashionable, this book seeks to move beyond such superficial critiques and lay the groundwork for a more ethical and democratic public life, one that recognizes its potential for evil and thereby creates greater possibilities for avoiding the hidden pathways that lead to state-sponsored dehumanization and destruction. Although social scientists generally do not discuss \\\"evil\\\" in an academic setting, there is no denying that it has existed in public administration throughout history. Hundreds of millions of human beings have died as a direct or indirect consequence of state-sponsored violence. This book argues that administrative evil, or destructiveness, is part of the identity of all modern public administration (as it is part of psychoanalytic study at the individual level). Furthermore, evil has been largely suppressed or ignored despite, or perhaps because of, its profound and far-reaching implications for the field. From the Holocaust to the \\\"white lie,\\\" evil exists on a continuum, and the way along that continuum begins on the proverbial \\\"slippery slope.\\\" We prefer to think of horrible eruptions of evil, such as Adolf Hitler, as occurring at a particular historical moment and within specific extraordinary cultural contexts. Yet, we have a long history in the United States of public lynchings, syphilis/radiation/LSD experiments within our military, and police brutality in our cities while public administrators have looked on, even participated. The Holocaust was such a massive administrative undertaking, we must consider whether modern public administration may be at its most effective and efficient when it is engaged in programs of dehumanization and destruction.  Constructing a positive future for public administration requires a willingness to deal with the disturbing aspects of the field′s history, identity, and practices. Rather than viewing events such as genocide as isolated or aberrant historical events, the authors show how the forces that unleashed such events are part of modernity and are thus present in all contemporary public organizations. This book is not an exercise in bureaucrat-bashing. It goes beyond superficial critique of public affairs and lays the groundwork for building a more effective and humane profession.},\\n\\tlanguage = {en},\\n\\tpublisher = {SAGE Publications},\\n\\tauthor = {Adams, Guy B. and Balfour, Danny L.},\\n\\tmonth = may,\\n\\tyear = {1998},\\n\\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: 0d\\\\_aCQAAQBAJ},\\n\\tkeywords = {Political Science / General, Political Science / Public Affairs \\\\& Administration},\\n}\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Adams, G. B.\",\"Balfour, D. L.\"],\"key\":\"adams_unmasking_1998\",\"id\":\"adams_unmasking_1998\",\"bibbaseid\":\"adams-balfour-unmaskingadministrativeevil-1998\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{},\"keyword\":[\"Political Science / General\",\"Political Science / Public Affairs & Administration\"],\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"book\",\"type\":\"book\",\"address\":\"Thousand Oaks, CA\",\"title\":\"Legitimacy in Public Administration: A Discourse Analysis\",\"isbn\":\"978-0-7619-0274-4\",\"shorttitle\":\"Legitimacy in Public Administration\",\"abstract\":\"In this \\\"postmodern, end-of-the-century\\\" moment, the question of what role public administration can legitimately play in a democratic society has deepened and taken on increased urgency. At the same time the movement toward global marketization has gained enormous momentum, traditional prejudices and racial and ethnic violence have appeared with a renewed virulence, presenting unprecedented challenges to democratic governments. Legitimacy in Public Administration reveals how the issue of administrative legitimacy is directly implicated, indeed central, to this broader issue. It argues that legitimacy hinges at the generic level on the question of alterityùhow to regard and relate to \\\"different others.\\\" This book reviews the history of the legitimacy issue in the literature of American public administration with the purpose of demonstrating that this discourse has been distorted by an underlying and undisclosed commitment to an elitist \\\"Man of Reason\\\" model of the public administratorÆs role. Current attempts to reformulate administration to meet the challenge of new conditions will fail, the author argues, because they have not escaped the grip of this implicit distortion. Legitimacy in Public Administration includes a challenging concluding chapter that uses insights from gender theory and demonstrates the connection between the legitimacy question and the critical problem of alterity. The author also offers a new way to fundamentally reframe the legitimacy question, so as not only to help the field of public administration resolve it, but to show how this resolution can create a new understanding of the problem of racial and ethnic prejudice.\",\"language\":\"en\",\"publisher\":\"SAGE Publications\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"McSwite\"],\"firstnames\":[\"O.\",\"C.\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"month\":\"July\",\"year\":\"1997\",\"note\":\"Google-Books-ID: d4M2D5MVCKkC\",\"keywords\":\"Language Arts & Disciplines / Linguistics / Semantics, Political Science / General, Political Science / Public Affairs & Administration\",\"bibtex\":\"@book{mcswite_legitimacy_1997,\\n\\taddress = {Thousand Oaks, CA},\\n\\ttitle = {Legitimacy in {Public} {Administration}: {A} {Discourse} {Analysis}},\\n\\tisbn = {978-0-7619-0274-4},\\n\\tshorttitle = {Legitimacy in {Public} {Administration}},\\n\\tabstract = {In this \\\"postmodern, end-of-the-century\\\" moment, the question of what role public administration can legitimately play in a democratic society has deepened and taken on increased urgency. At the same time the movement toward global marketization has gained enormous momentum, traditional prejudices and racial and ethnic violence have appeared with a renewed virulence, presenting unprecedented challenges to democratic governments. Legitimacy in Public Administration reveals how the issue of administrative legitimacy is directly implicated, indeed central, to this broader issue. It argues that legitimacy hinges at the generic level on the question of alterityùhow to regard and relate to \\\"different others.\\\" This book reviews the history of the legitimacy issue in the literature of American public administration with the purpose of demonstrating that this discourse has been distorted by an underlying and undisclosed commitment to an elitist \\\"Man of Reason\\\" model of the public administratorÆs role. Current attempts to reformulate administration to meet the challenge of new conditions will fail, the author argues, because they have not escaped the grip of this implicit distortion. Legitimacy in Public Administration includes a challenging concluding chapter that uses insights from gender theory and demonstrates the connection between the legitimacy question and the critical problem of alterity. The author also offers a new way to fundamentally reframe the legitimacy question, so as not only to help the field of public administration resolve it, but to show how this resolution can create a new understanding of the problem of racial and ethnic prejudice.},\\n\\tlanguage = {en},\\n\\tpublisher = {SAGE Publications},\\n\\tauthor = {McSwite, O. C.},\\n\\tmonth = jul,\\n\\tyear = {1997},\\n\\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: d4M2D5MVCKkC},\\n\\tkeywords = {Language Arts \\\\& Disciplines / Linguistics / Semantics, Political Science / General, Political Science / Public Affairs \\\\& Administration},\\n}\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"McSwite, O. C.\"],\"key\":\"mcswite_legitimacy_1997\",\"id\":\"mcswite_legitimacy_1997\",\"bibbaseid\":\"mcswite-legitimacyinpublicadministrationadiscourseanalysis-1997\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{},\"keyword\":[\"Language Arts & Disciplines / Linguistics / Semantics\",\"Political Science / General\",\"Political Science / Public Affairs & Administration\"],\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"article\",\"type\":\"article\",\"title\":\"Interpretive empirical political science: What makes this not a subfield of qualitative methods\",\"volume\":\"1\",\"shorttitle\":\"Interpretive empirical political science\",\"url\":\"https://zenodo.org/records/998761\",\"doi\":\"10.5281/zenodo.998761\",\"abstract\":\"The new section on Qualitative Methods draws attention to the fact that \\\"Political Methodology,\\\" as the \\\"old\\\" methods section is called, does not encompass the whole range of research methods available to and used by scholars doing political research.  And yet some researchers feel that \\\"qualitative\\\" methodology itself does not capture the full range of non-quantitative methods used by political science researchers.  This was especially clear in the treatment of \\\"qualitative methods\\\" by several of the articles in the premiere issue of the newsletter:  they did not reflect the character of the work that is increasingly being subsumed under the heading \\\"interpretive research methods.\\\"  It seems appropriate, then, to delineate what interpretive research entails by contrasting it with qualitative methods.\",\"number\":\"2\",\"urldate\":\"2024-08-13\",\"journal\":\"Qualitative & Multi-Method Research\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Yanow\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Dvora\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"month\":\"September\",\"year\":\"2003\",\"keywords\":\"qualitative methods\",\"pages\":\"9–13\",\"bibtex\":\"@article{yanow_interpretive_2003,\\n\\ttitle = {Interpretive empirical political science: {What} makes this not a subfield of qualitative methods},\\n\\tvolume = {1},\\n\\tshorttitle = {Interpretive empirical political science},\\n\\turl = {https://zenodo.org/records/998761},\\n\\tdoi = {10.5281/zenodo.998761},\\n\\tabstract = {The new section on Qualitative Methods draws attention to the fact that \\\"Political Methodology,\\\" as the \\\"old\\\" methods section is called, does not encompass the whole range of research methods available to and used by scholars doing political research.  And yet some researchers feel that \\\"qualitative\\\" methodology itself does not capture the full range of non-quantitative methods used by political science researchers.  This was especially clear in the treatment of \\\"qualitative methods\\\" by several of the articles in the premiere issue of the newsletter:  they did not reflect the character of the work that is increasingly being subsumed under the heading \\\"interpretive research methods.\\\"  It seems appropriate, then, to delineate what interpretive research entails by contrasting it with qualitative methods.},\\n\\tnumber = {2},\\n\\turldate = {2024-08-13},\\n\\tjournal = {Qualitative \\\\& Multi-Method Research},\\n\\tauthor = {Yanow, Dvora},\\n\\tmonth = sep,\\n\\tyear = {2003},\\n\\tkeywords = {qualitative methods},\\n\\tpages = {9--13},\\n}\\n\\n\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Yanow, D.\"],\"key\":\"yanow_interpretive_2003\",\"id\":\"yanow_interpretive_2003\",\"bibbaseid\":\"yanow-interpretiveempiricalpoliticalsciencewhatmakesthisnotasubfieldofqualitativemethods-2003\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{\"Paper\":\"https://zenodo.org/records/998761\"},\"keyword\":[\"qualitative methods\"],\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"book\",\"type\":\"book\",\"address\":\"Thousand Oaks, CA\",\"title\":\"Refounding Democratic Public Administration: Modern Paradoxes, Postmodern Challenges\",\"isbn\":\"978-1-4522-6504-9\",\"shorttitle\":\"Refounding Democratic Public Administration\",\"abstract\":\"The American political system is undergoing a serious governmental crisis–our political leaders know only how to campaign, not how to gain consensus on goals or direct a course that is for the good of the nation. Continuing research that began over a decade ago with Gary L. Wamsley′s Refounding Public Administration, this informative new volume continues the argument that public administration is at the center of the governance process and is therefore forced to compensate for the growing inadequacy of our leaders. Refounding Democratic Public Administration offers a revisualization of the relationship between public servants and the citizens they serve, as well as a continuing discourse on how public administration can constructively balance forces of change and stability in order for democracy to evolve and mature. This eye-opening volume will be required reading for students and professionals in public administration, political science, and management/organization studies.\",\"language\":\"en\",\"publisher\":\"SAGE Publications\",\"editor\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Wolf\"],\"firstnames\":[\"James\",\"F.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Wamsley\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Gary\",\"L.\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"month\":\"May\",\"year\":\"1996\",\"note\":\"Google-Books-ID: 7cF1AwAAQBAJ\",\"keywords\":\"Political Science / Public Affairs & Administration, Political Science / Public Policy / General\",\"bibtex\":\"@book{wolf_refounding_1996,\\n\\taddress = {Thousand Oaks, CA},\\n\\ttitle = {Refounding {Democratic} {Public} {Administration}: {Modern} {Paradoxes}, {Postmodern} {Challenges}},\\n\\tisbn = {978-1-4522-6504-9},\\n\\tshorttitle = {Refounding {Democratic} {Public} {Administration}},\\n\\tabstract = {The American political system is undergoing a serious governmental crisis--our political leaders know only how to campaign, not how to gain consensus on goals or direct a course that is for the good of the nation. Continuing research that began over a decade ago with Gary L. Wamsley′s Refounding Public Administration, this informative new volume continues the argument that public administration is at the center of the governance process and is therefore forced to compensate for the growing inadequacy of our leaders. Refounding Democratic Public Administration offers a revisualization of the relationship between public servants and the citizens they serve, as well as a continuing discourse on how public administration can constructively balance forces of change and stability in order for democracy to evolve and mature. This eye-opening volume will be required reading for students and professionals in public administration, political science, and management/organization studies.},\\n\\tlanguage = {en},\\n\\tpublisher = {SAGE Publications},\\n\\teditor = {Wolf, James F. and Wamsley, Gary L.},\\n\\tmonth = may,\\n\\tyear = {1996},\\n\\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: 7cF1AwAAQBAJ},\\n\\tkeywords = {Political Science / Public Affairs \\\\& Administration, Political Science / Public Policy / General},\\n}\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\",\"editor_short\":[\"Wolf, J. F.\",\"Wamsley, G. L.\"],\"key\":\"wolf_refounding_1996\",\"id\":\"wolf_refounding_1996\",\"bibbaseid\":\"wolf-wamsley-refoundingdemocraticpublicadministrationmodernparadoxespostmodernchallenges-1996\",\"role\":\"editor\",\"urls\":{},\"keyword\":[\"Political Science / Public Affairs & Administration\",\"Political Science / Public Policy / General\"],\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"incollection\",\"type\":\"incollection\",\"address\":\"Thousand Oaks, CA\",\"title\":\"The growing gap between words and deeds: Postmodern symbolic politics\",\"isbn\":\"978-0-8039-5802-9\",\"abstract\":\"Charles J Fox and Hugh T Miller challenge current thinking about public policy and administration in the light of the postmodern condition. In this book existing and accepted theories such as public management doctrines, constitutionalism and communitarianism are rejected in favour of constructing a discourse theory of public administration. The book also provides an invaluable, thorough and clear review of the doctrines and philosophies that have to date dominated the field.\",\"language\":\"en\",\"booktitle\":\"Postmodern Public Administration: Toward Discourse\",\"publisher\":\"SAGE Publications\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Fox\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Charles\",\"J.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Miller\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Hugh\",\"T.\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"year\":\"1995\",\"note\":\"Google-Books-ID: 6jmGAAAAMAAJ\",\"keywords\":\"Education / Educational Psychology, Language Arts & Disciplines / Linguistics / Semantics, Political Science / General, Political Science / Public Affairs & Administration\",\"pages\":\"42–72\",\"bibtex\":\"@incollection{fox_growing_1995,\\n\\taddress = {Thousand Oaks, CA},\\n\\ttitle = {The growing gap between words and deeds: {Postmodern} symbolic politics},\\n\\tisbn = {978-0-8039-5802-9},\\n\\tabstract = {Charles J Fox and Hugh T Miller challenge current thinking about public policy and administration in the light of the postmodern condition. In this book  existing and accepted theories such as public management doctrines, constitutionalism and communitarianism are rejected in favour of constructing a discourse theory of public administration. The book also provides an invaluable, thorough and clear review of the doctrines and philosophies that have to date dominated the field.},\\n\\tlanguage = {en},\\n\\tbooktitle = {Postmodern {Public} {Administration}: {Toward} {Discourse}},\\n\\tpublisher = {SAGE Publications},\\n\\tauthor = {Fox, Charles J. and Miller, Hugh T.},\\n\\tyear = {1995},\\n\\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: 6jmGAAAAMAAJ},\\n\\tkeywords = {Education / Educational Psychology, Language Arts \\\\& Disciplines / Linguistics / Semantics, Political Science / General, Political Science / Public Affairs \\\\& Administration},\\n\\tpages = {42--72},\\n}\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Fox, C. J.\",\"Miller, H. T.\"],\"key\":\"fox_growing_1995\",\"id\":\"fox_growing_1995\",\"bibbaseid\":\"fox-miller-thegrowinggapbetweenwordsanddeedspostmodernsymbolicpolitics-1995\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{},\"keyword\":[\"Education / Educational Psychology\",\"Language Arts & Disciplines / Linguistics / Semantics\",\"Political Science / General\",\"Political Science / Public Affairs & Administration\"],\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"book\",\"type\":\"book\",\"address\":\"Thousand Oaks, CA\",\"title\":\"Responsibility as Paradox: A Critique of Rational Discourse on Government\",\"isbn\":\"978-0-8039-7008-3\",\"shorttitle\":\"Responsibility as Paradox\",\"abstract\":\"Exploring the concept of responsible government and administration, this book creates a new paradigm for looking at the issue. Michael M Harmon rejects the current predominant `rationalist' theory, which holds that responsibility involves an intractable conflict between the potential free will of an actor and the restrictions of the institution within which the actor operates. He suggests that public administration must undergo a paradigm shift in which institutional restrictions and individual free will create a healthy and dynamic tension and are not completely incompatible.\",\"language\":\"en\",\"publisher\":\"SAGE Publications\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Harmon\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Michael\",\"M.\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"month\":\"May\",\"year\":\"1995\",\"keywords\":\"Medical / General, Political Science / General, Political Science / History & Theory, Political Science / Public Affairs & Administration\",\"bibtex\":\"@book{harmon_responsibility_1995,\\n\\taddress = {Thousand Oaks, CA},\\n\\ttitle = {Responsibility as {Paradox}: {A} {Critique} of {Rational} {Discourse} on {Government}},\\n\\tisbn = {978-0-8039-7008-3},\\n\\tshorttitle = {Responsibility as {Paradox}},\\n\\tabstract = {Exploring the concept of responsible government and administration, this book creates a new paradigm for looking at the issue. Michael M Harmon rejects the current predominant `rationalist' theory, which holds that responsibility involves an intractable conflict between the potential free will of an actor and the restrictions of the institution within which the actor operates. He suggests that public administration must undergo a paradigm shift in which institutional restrictions and individual free will create a healthy and dynamic tension and are not completely incompatible.},\\n\\tlanguage = {en},\\n\\tpublisher = {SAGE Publications},\\n\\tauthor = {Harmon, Michael M.},\\n\\tmonth = may,\\n\\tyear = {1995},\\n\\tkeywords = {Medical / General, Political Science / General, Political Science / History \\\\& Theory, Political Science / Public Affairs \\\\& Administration},\\n}\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Harmon, M. M.\"],\"key\":\"harmon_responsibility_1995\",\"id\":\"harmon_responsibility_1995\",\"bibbaseid\":\"harmon-responsibilityasparadoxacritiqueofrationaldiscourseongovernment-1995\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{},\"keyword\":[\"Medical / General\",\"Political Science / General\",\"Political Science / History & Theory\",\"Political Science / Public Affairs & Administration\"],\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"book\",\"type\":\"book\",\"address\":\"Westport, CT, US\",\"series\":\"The unconscious life of organizations: Interpreting organizational identity.\",\"title\":\"The unconscious life of organizations: Interpreting organizational identity.\",\"isbn\":\"0-89930-833-3 (Hardcover)\",\"abstract\":\"This book offers a contemporary psychodynamic view of organizational life. [The author] stresses the unconscious dimensions of hierarchic and other work relationships in organizations. From these relationships, he argues, come not only organizational cultures but also organizational identities. The book transcends the common technical rational approach to organizational behavior by isolating and then analyzing the nonrational side of organizational experience. Diamond illustrates how different characteristics of organizational life emerge from the dynamics of shared and projected emotions between leaders and followers, managers and subordinates, and among workers. This book offers the organizational theorist and consultant a variety of psychodynamic tools to apply in understanding and positively changing organizations. [It] will be of interest to organizational development consultants, human resource professionals, organizational theorists and researchers, organizational psychologists and psychodynamically oriented social and behavioral scientists, and psychologically informed managers and executives. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)\",\"publisher\":\"Quorum Books/Greenwood Publishing Group\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Diamond\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Michael\",\"A.\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"year\":\"1993\",\"note\":\"Pages: xiv, 251\",\"keywords\":\"*Organizational Behavior, *Organizational Climate, *Unconscious (Personality Factor), Employee Interaction, Psychoanalytic Interpretation, Psychodynamics\",\"bibtex\":\"@book{diamond_unconscious_1993,\\n\\taddress = {Westport,  CT,  US},\\n\\tseries = {The unconscious life of organizations:  {Interpreting} organizational identity.},\\n\\ttitle = {The unconscious life of organizations:  {Interpreting} organizational identity.},\\n\\tisbn = {0-89930-833-3 (Hardcover)},\\n\\tabstract = {This book offers a contemporary psychodynamic view of organizational life. [The author] stresses the unconscious dimensions of hierarchic and other work relationships in organizations. From these relationships, he argues, come not only organizational cultures but also organizational identities. The book transcends the common technical rational approach to organizational behavior by isolating and then analyzing the nonrational side of organizational experience. Diamond illustrates how different characteristics of organizational life emerge from the dynamics of shared and projected emotions between leaders and followers, managers and subordinates, and among workers.  This book offers the organizational theorist and consultant a variety of psychodynamic tools to apply in understanding and positively changing organizations. [It] will be of interest to organizational development consultants, human resource professionals, organizational theorists and researchers, organizational psychologists and psychodynamically oriented social and behavioral scientists, and psychologically informed managers and executives. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)},\\n\\tpublisher = {Quorum Books/Greenwood Publishing Group},\\n\\tauthor = {Diamond, Michael A.},\\n\\tyear = {1993},\\n\\tnote = {Pages: xiv, 251},\\n\\tkeywords = {*Organizational Behavior, *Organizational Climate, *Unconscious (Personality Factor), Employee Interaction, Psychoanalytic Interpretation, Psychodynamics},\\n}\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Diamond, M. A.\"],\"key\":\"diamond_unconscious_1993\",\"id\":\"diamond_unconscious_1993\",\"bibbaseid\":\"diamond-theunconsciouslifeoforganizationsinterpretingorganizationalidentity-1993\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{},\"keyword\":[\"*Organizational Behavior\",\"*Organizational Climate\",\"*Unconscious (Personality Factor)\",\"Employee Interaction\",\"Psychoanalytic Interpretation\",\"Psychodynamics\"],\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"article\",\"type\":\"article\",\"title\":\"Grout: Alternative Kinds of Knowledge and Why They Are Ignored\",\"volume\":\"53\",\"issn\":\"0033-3352\",\"shorttitle\":\"Grout\",\"url\":\"https://www.jstor.org/stable/977362\",\"doi\":\"10.2307/977362\",\"abstract\":\"What can managers learn from lowly workers and ordinary people? Beginning with a story of a dam that failed, Mary Schmidt describes four alternative kinds of knowledge that differ from the mainstream concept of scientific knowledge. Referring to these types of knowledge as \\\"a feel for the hole,\\\" \\\"intimate knowledge,\\\" \\\"passive/critical knowledge,\\\" and \\\"a feel for the whole,\\\" Schmidt argues that science, engineering, and bureaucratic institutions, under a common model of reality, often ignore and suppress these insightful kinds of knowledge. Examples from biological science and ideas from organizational theory suggest a richer model of nature and of man-made reality and a broader concept of rationality in decision making. She concludes with general characteristics of such knowledge and an application to public administration.\",\"number\":\"6\",\"urldate\":\"2024-08-13\",\"journal\":\"Public Administration Review\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Schmidt\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Mary\",\"R.\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"year\":\"1993\",\"note\":\"Publisher: [American Society for Public Administration, Wiley]\",\"pages\":\"525–530\",\"bibtex\":\"@article{schmidt_grout_1993,\\n\\ttitle = {Grout: {Alternative} {Kinds} of {Knowledge} and {Why} {They} {Are} {Ignored}},\\n\\tvolume = {53},\\n\\tissn = {0033-3352},\\n\\tshorttitle = {Grout},\\n\\turl = {https://www.jstor.org/stable/977362},\\n\\tdoi = {10.2307/977362},\\n\\tabstract = {What can managers learn from lowly workers and ordinary people? Beginning with a story of a dam that failed, Mary Schmidt describes four alternative kinds of knowledge that differ from the mainstream concept of scientific knowledge. Referring to these types of knowledge as \\\"a feel for the hole,\\\" \\\"intimate knowledge,\\\" \\\"passive/critical knowledge,\\\" and \\\"a feel for the whole,\\\" Schmidt argues that science, engineering, and bureaucratic institutions, under a common model of reality, often ignore and suppress these insightful kinds of knowledge. Examples from biological science and ideas from organizational theory suggest a richer model of nature and of man-made reality and a broader concept of rationality in decision making. She concludes with general characteristics of such knowledge and an application to public administration.},\\n\\tnumber = {6},\\n\\turldate = {2024-08-13},\\n\\tjournal = {Public Administration Review},\\n\\tauthor = {Schmidt, Mary R.},\\n\\tyear = {1993},\\n\\tnote = {Publisher: [American Society for Public Administration, Wiley]},\\n\\tpages = {525--530},\\n}\\n\\n\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Schmidt, M. R.\"],\"key\":\"schmidt_grout_1993\",\"id\":\"schmidt_grout_1993\",\"bibbaseid\":\"schmidt-groutalternativekindsofknowledgeandwhytheyareignored-1993\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{\"Paper\":\"https://www.jstor.org/stable/977362\"},\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"book\",\"type\":\"book\",\"address\":\"Newbury Park, CA\",\"edition\":\"2\",\"title\":\"Gender Images in Public Administration: Legitimacy and the Administrative State\",\"shorttitle\":\"Gender Images in Public Administration\",\"url\":\"https://sk.sagepub.com/books/gender-images-in-public-administration-2e\",\"urldate\":\"2024-08-13\",\"publisher\":\"SAGE Publications, Inc.\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Stivers\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Camilla\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"year\":\"2002\",\"doi\":\"10.4135/9781452229294\",\"keywords\":\"administration, administration theory, administrative state, administrators, public administration, public image, virtues\",\"bibtex\":\"@book{stivers_gender_2002,\\n\\taddress = {Newbury Park, CA},\\n\\tedition = {2},\\n\\ttitle = {Gender {Images} in {Public} {Administration}: {Legitimacy} and the {Administrative} {State}},\\n\\tshorttitle = {Gender {Images} in {Public} {Administration}},\\n\\turl = {https://sk.sagepub.com/books/gender-images-in-public-administration-2e},\\n\\turldate = {2024-08-13},\\n\\tpublisher = {SAGE Publications, Inc.},\\n\\tauthor = {Stivers, Camilla},\\n\\tyear = {2002},\\n\\tdoi = {10.4135/9781452229294},\\n\\tkeywords = {administration, administration theory, administrative state, administrators, public administration, public image, virtues},\\n}\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Stivers, C.\"],\"key\":\"stivers_gender_2002\",\"id\":\"stivers_gender_2002\",\"bibbaseid\":\"stivers-genderimagesinpublicadministrationlegitimacyandtheadministrativestate-2002\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{\"Paper\":\"https://sk.sagepub.com/books/gender-images-in-public-administration-2e\"},\"keyword\":[\"administration\",\"administration theory\",\"administrative state\",\"administrators\",\"public administration\",\"public image\",\"virtues\"],\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"article\",\"type\":\"article\",\"title\":\"Supermarkets and Culture Clash: The Epistemological Role of Metaphors in Administrative Practice\",\"volume\":\"22\",\"issn\":\"0275-0740\",\"shorttitle\":\"Supermarkets and Culture Clash\",\"url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1177/027507409202200202\",\"doi\":\"10.1177/027507409202200202\",\"abstract\":\"Metaphor analysis traditionally treats its subject as a figure of speech, that is, a purely literary device that can be replaced by literal language. However, recent work suggests that metaphors should be thought of as figures of thought strongly based in cognition; they thus imply action. This article examines a particular organizational metaphor that founders created and members used to form an organization. Tacitly known, the metaphor shaped building design; program offerings; management, staff, and client behaviors; and evaluation criteria. But it also fueled conflict with one subdivision of the organization whose professional practice was not in keeping with the actions the metaphor suggested. The case example, then, illustrates a metaphor that was both a help and a hindrence in shaping organizational action.Although metaphors may clarify and confuse at the same time, it is not clear that we can eliminate this pitfall by substituting literal language or other metaphors. This article argues that organizational metaphors are not merely decorations or unclear thought, but are cognitively grounded and cannot be replaced without changing the way people think about and understand the nature and mission of their organization. The article addresses the argument that metaphors should be explicit and suggests some concerns this position raises.\",\"language\":\"en\",\"number\":\"2\",\"urldate\":\"2024-08-13\",\"journal\":\"The American Review of Public Administration\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Yanow\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Dvora\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"month\":\"June\",\"year\":\"1992\",\"note\":\"Publisher: SAGE Publications Inc\",\"pages\":\"89–109\",\"bibtex\":\"@article{yanow_supermarkets_1992,\\n\\ttitle = {Supermarkets and {Culture} {Clash}: {The} {Epistemological} {Role} of {Metaphors} in {Administrative} {Practice}},\\n\\tvolume = {22},\\n\\tissn = {0275-0740},\\n\\tshorttitle = {Supermarkets and {Culture} {Clash}},\\n\\turl = {https://doi.org/10.1177/027507409202200202},\\n\\tdoi = {10.1177/027507409202200202},\\n\\tabstract = {Metaphor analysis traditionally treats its subject as a figure of speech, that is, a purely literary device that can be replaced by literal language. However, recent work suggests that metaphors should be thought of as figures of thought strongly based in cognition; they thus imply action. This article examines a particular organizational metaphor that founders created and members used to form an organization. Tacitly known, the metaphor shaped building design; program offerings; management, staff, and client behaviors; and evaluation criteria. But it also fueled conflict with one subdivision of the organization whose professional practice was not in keeping with the actions the metaphor suggested. The case example, then, illustrates a metaphor that was both a help and a hindrence in shaping organizational action.Although metaphors may clarify and confuse at the same time, it is not clear that we can eliminate this pitfall by substituting literal language or other metaphors. This article argues that organizational metaphors are not merely decorations or unclear thought, but are cognitively grounded and cannot be replaced without changing the way people think about and understand the nature and mission of their organization. The article addresses the argument that metaphors should be explicit and suggests some concerns this position raises.},\\n\\tlanguage = {en},\\n\\tnumber = {2},\\n\\turldate = {2024-08-13},\\n\\tjournal = {The American Review of Public Administration},\\n\\tauthor = {Yanow, Dvora},\\n\\tmonth = jun,\\n\\tyear = {1992},\\n\\tnote = {Publisher: SAGE Publications Inc},\\n\\tpages = {89--109},\\n}\\n\\n\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Yanow, D.\"],\"key\":\"yanow_supermarkets_1992\",\"id\":\"yanow_supermarkets_1992\",\"bibbaseid\":\"yanow-supermarketsandcultureclashtheepistemologicalroleofmetaphorsinadministrativepractice-1992\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{\"Paper\":\"https://doi.org/10.1177/027507409202200202\"},\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"article\",\"type\":\"article\",\"title\":\"Taking Language Seriously: Toward a Narrative Theory of Knowledge for Administrative Research\",\"volume\":\"22\",\"issn\":\"0275-0740\",\"shorttitle\":\"Taking Language Seriously\",\"url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1177/027507409202200201\",\"doi\":\"10.1177/027507409202200201\",\"language\":\"en\",\"number\":\"2\",\"urldate\":\"2024-08-13\",\"journal\":\"The American Review of Public Administration\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"White\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Jay\",\"D.\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"month\":\"June\",\"year\":\"1992\",\"note\":\"Publisher: SAGE Publications Inc\",\"pages\":\"75–88\",\"bibtex\":\"@article{white_taking_1992,\\n\\ttitle = {Taking {Language} {Seriously}: {Toward} a {Narrative} {Theory} of {Knowledge} for {Administrative} {Research}},\\n\\tvolume = {22},\\n\\tissn = {0275-0740},\\n\\tshorttitle = {Taking {Language} {Seriously}},\\n\\turl = {https://doi.org/10.1177/027507409202200201},\\n\\tdoi = {10.1177/027507409202200201},\\n\\tlanguage = {en},\\n\\tnumber = {2},\\n\\turldate = {2024-08-13},\\n\\tjournal = {The American Review of Public Administration},\\n\\tauthor = {White, Jay D.},\\n\\tmonth = jun,\\n\\tyear = {1992},\\n\\tnote = {Publisher: SAGE Publications Inc},\\n\\tpages = {75--88},\\n}\\n\\n\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"White, J. D.\"],\"key\":\"white_taking_1992\",\"id\":\"white_taking_1992\",\"bibbaseid\":\"white-takinglanguageseriouslytowardanarrativetheoryofknowledgeforadministrativeresearch-1992\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{\"Paper\":\"https://doi.org/10.1177/027507409202200201\"},\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"book\",\"type\":\"book\",\"address\":\"Greenwich, CT\",\"title\":\"The Tacit Organization\",\"isbn\":\"978-1-55938-297-7\",\"abstract\":\"Part of a series which provides contemporary studies on applied behavioural science, this volume focuses on the tacit organization. Topics include metapattern in the culture of organizations; the managerial metamyth in children's literature; and the symbolic approach to the study of organizations.\",\"language\":\"en\",\"publisher\":\"JAI Press\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Ingersoll\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Virginia\",\"Hill\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Adams\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Guy\",\"B.\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"year\":\"1992\",\"note\":\"Google-Books-ID: HK23AAAAIAAJ\",\"keywords\":\"Business & Economics / Negotiating, Business & Economics / Organizational Behavior\",\"bibtex\":\"@book{ingersoll_tacit_1992,\\n\\taddress = {Greenwich, CT},\\n\\ttitle = {The {Tacit} {Organization}},\\n\\tisbn = {978-1-55938-297-7},\\n\\tabstract = {Part of a series which provides contemporary studies on applied behavioural science, this volume focuses on the tacit organization. Topics include metapattern in the culture of organizations; the managerial metamyth in children's literature; and the symbolic approach to the study of organizations.},\\n\\tlanguage = {en},\\n\\tpublisher = {JAI Press},\\n\\tauthor = {Ingersoll, Virginia Hill and Adams, Guy B.},\\n\\tyear = {1992},\\n\\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: HK23AAAAIAAJ},\\n\\tkeywords = {Business \\\\& Economics / Negotiating, Business \\\\& Economics / Organizational Behavior},\\n}\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Ingersoll, V. H.\",\"Adams, G. B.\"],\"key\":\"ingersoll_tacit_1992\",\"id\":\"ingersoll_tacit_1992\",\"bibbaseid\":\"ingersoll-adams-thetacitorganization-1992\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{},\"keyword\":[\"Business & Economics / Negotiating\",\"Business & Economics / Organizational Behavior\"],\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"article\",\"type\":\"article\",\"title\":\"Stories Managers Tell: Why They Are as Valid as Science\",\"volume\":\"51\",\"issn\":\"0033-3352\",\"shorttitle\":\"Stories Managers Tell\",\"url\":\"https://www.jstor.org/stable/976634\",\"doi\":\"10.2307/976634\",\"abstract\":\"Is the knowledge base of public administration too unscientific? In response to critics who argue it is, Ralph Hummel offers a defense of the way public sector managers acquire and use knowledge. In contrast to those who contend that public administration needs to generate and use knowledge based on \\\"objectivity\\\" and \\\"pure reason,\\\" Hummel contends that the way managers interpret their world-\\\"story-telling\\\"-is a valid means for producing and accumulating knowledge. He argues that this source of knowledge is as credible for scholars and students of public administration as it is for practitioners.\",\"number\":\"1\",\"urldate\":\"2024-08-13\",\"journal\":\"Public Administration Review\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Hummel\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Ralph\",\"P.\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"year\":\"1991\",\"note\":\"Publisher: [American Society for Public Administration, Wiley]\",\"pages\":\"31–41\",\"bibtex\":\"@article{hummel_stories_1991,\\n\\ttitle = {Stories {Managers} {Tell}: {Why} {They} {Are} as {Valid} as {Science}},\\n\\tvolume = {51},\\n\\tissn = {0033-3352},\\n\\tshorttitle = {Stories {Managers} {Tell}},\\n\\turl = {https://www.jstor.org/stable/976634},\\n\\tdoi = {10.2307/976634},\\n\\tabstract = {Is the knowledge base of public administration too unscientific? In response to critics who argue it is, Ralph Hummel offers a defense of the way public sector managers acquire and use knowledge. In contrast to those who contend that public administration needs to generate and use knowledge based on \\\"objectivity\\\" and \\\"pure reason,\\\" Hummel contends that the way managers interpret their world-\\\"story-telling\\\"-is a valid means for producing and accumulating knowledge. He argues that this source of knowledge is as credible for scholars and students of public administration as it is for practitioners.},\\n\\tnumber = {1},\\n\\turldate = {2024-08-13},\\n\\tjournal = {Public Administration Review},\\n\\tauthor = {Hummel, Ralph P.},\\n\\tyear = {1991},\\n\\tnote = {Publisher: [American Society for Public Administration, Wiley]},\\n\\tpages = {31--41},\\n}\\n\\n\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Hummel, R. P.\"],\"key\":\"hummel_stories_1991\",\"id\":\"hummel_stories_1991\",\"bibbaseid\":\"hummel-storiesmanagerstellwhytheyareasvalidasscience-1991\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{\"Paper\":\"https://www.jstor.org/stable/976634\"},\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"incollection\",\"type\":\"incollection\",\"address\":\"Newbury Park, CA\",\"title\":\"The Phoenix Project: Raising a New Image of Public Administration from the Ashes of the Past\",\"volume\":\"22\",\"shorttitle\":\"The Phoenix Project\",\"url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1177/009539979002200101\",\"abstract\":\"Social theory seems to be moving toward what Charles Perrow has called the \\\"garbage can paradigm\\\" of deconstructionism, while at the social level, the trend seems to be toward a technicist social order of hyperrelativism. By building on the school of public administration which the article identifies as the traditionalist, the field can raise a renewed image of public administration that can serve as a protection against the potentially destructive consequences of technicism.\",\"language\":\"en\",\"urldate\":\"2024-08-13\",\"booktitle\":\"Images and identities in public administration\",\"publisher\":\"SAGE\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"White\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Orion\",\"F.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"McSwain\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Cynthia\",\"J.\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"editor\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Kass\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Henry\",\"D.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Catron\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Bayard\",\"L.\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"month\":\"May\",\"year\":\"1990\",\"note\":\"Publisher: SAGE Publications Inc\",\"pages\":\"3–38\",\"bibtex\":\"@incollection{white_phoenix_1990,\\n\\taddress = {Newbury Park, CA},\\n\\ttitle = {The {Phoenix} {Project}: {Raising} a {New} {Image} of {Public} {Administration} from the {Ashes} of the {Past}},\\n\\tvolume = {22},\\n\\tshorttitle = {The {Phoenix} {Project}},\\n\\turl = {https://doi.org/10.1177/009539979002200101},\\n\\tabstract = {Social theory seems to be moving toward what Charles Perrow has called the \\\"garbage can paradigm\\\" of deconstructionism, while at the social level, the trend seems to be toward a technicist social order of hyperrelativism. By building on the school of public administration which the article identifies as the traditionalist, the field can raise a renewed image of public administration that can serve as a protection against the potentially destructive consequences of technicism.},\\n\\tlanguage = {en},\\n\\turldate = {2024-08-13},\\n\\tbooktitle = {Images and identities in public administration},\\n\\tpublisher = {SAGE},\\n\\tauthor = {White, Orion F. and McSwain, Cynthia J.},\\n\\teditor = {Kass, Henry D. and Catron, Bayard L.},\\n\\tmonth = may,\\n\\tyear = {1990},\\n\\tnote = {Publisher: SAGE Publications Inc},\\n\\tpages = {3--38},\\n}\\n\\n\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"White, O. F.\",\"McSwain, C. J.\"],\"editor_short\":[\"Kass, H. D.\",\"Catron, B. L.\"],\"key\":\"white_phoenix_1990\",\"id\":\"white_phoenix_1990\",\"bibbaseid\":\"white-mcswain-thephoenixprojectraisinganewimageofpublicadministrationfromtheashesofthepast-1990\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{\"Paper\":\"https://doi.org/10.1177/009539979002200101\"},\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"book\",\"type\":\"book\",\"title\":\"The Social Meaning of Civic Space: Studying Political Authority Through Architecture\",\"isbn\":\"978-0-7006-0347-3\",\"shorttitle\":\"The Social Meaning of Civic Space\",\"language\":\"en\",\"publisher\":\"University Press of Kansas\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Goodsell\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Charles\",\"T.\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"year\":\"1988\",\"note\":\"Google-Books-ID: FGOFAAAAMAAJ\",\"keywords\":\"Architecture / Buildings / Public, Commercial & Industrial, Architecture / General, Law / Land Use, Political Science / General\",\"bibtex\":\"@book{goodsell_social_1988,\\n\\ttitle = {The {Social} {Meaning} of {Civic} {Space}: {Studying} {Political} {Authority} {Through} {Architecture}},\\n\\tisbn = {978-0-7006-0347-3},\\n\\tshorttitle = {The {Social} {Meaning} of {Civic} {Space}},\\n\\tlanguage = {en},\\n\\tpublisher = {University Press of Kansas},\\n\\tauthor = {Goodsell, Charles T.},\\n\\tyear = {1988},\\n\\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: FGOFAAAAMAAJ},\\n\\tkeywords = {Architecture / Buildings / Public, Commercial \\\\& Industrial, Architecture / General, Law / Land Use, Political Science / General},\\n}\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Goodsell, C. T.\"],\"key\":\"goodsell_social_1988\",\"id\":\"goodsell_social_1988\",\"bibbaseid\":\"goodsell-thesocialmeaningofcivicspacestudyingpoliticalauthoritythrougharchitecture-1988\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{},\"keyword\":[\"Architecture / Buildings / Public\",\"Commercial & Industrial\",\"Architecture / General\",\"Law / Land Use\",\"Political Science / General\"],\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"book\",\"type\":\"book\",\"address\":\"Philadelphia, PA\",\"title\":\"Critical Studies in Organization and Bureaucracy\",\"isbn\":\"978-1-56639-122-1\",\"url\":\"https://books.google.ch/books/about/Critical_Studies_in_Organization_and_Bur.html?id=v8Vzk3YqA9gC&redir_esc=y\",\"language\":\"en\",\"publisher\":\"Temple University Press\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Fischer\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Frank\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Sirianni\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Carmen\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"year\":\"1994\",\"note\":\"Google-Books-ID: v8Vzk3YqA9gC\",\"keywords\":\"Business & Economics / General, Business & Economics / Labor / General, Business & Economics / Negotiating, Business & Economics / Organizational Development\",\"bibtex\":\"@book{fischer_critical_1994,\\n\\taddress = {Philadelphia, PA},\\n\\ttitle = {Critical {Studies} in {Organization} and {Bureaucracy}},\\n\\tisbn = {978-1-56639-122-1},\\n\\turl = {https://books.google.ch/books/about/Critical_Studies_in_Organization_and_Bur.html?id=v8Vzk3YqA9gC&redir_esc=y},\\n\\tlanguage = {en},\\n\\tpublisher = {Temple University Press},\\n\\tauthor = {Fischer, Frank and Sirianni, Carmen},\\n\\tyear = {1994},\\n\\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: v8Vzk3YqA9gC},\\n\\tkeywords = {Business \\\\& Economics / General, Business \\\\& Economics / Labor / General, Business \\\\& Economics / Negotiating, Business \\\\& Economics / Organizational Development},\\n}\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Fischer, F.\",\"Sirianni, C.\"],\"key\":\"fischer_critical_1994\",\"id\":\"fischer_critical_1994\",\"bibbaseid\":\"fischer-sirianni-criticalstudiesinorganizationandbureaucracy-1994\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{\"Paper\":\"https://books.google.ch/books/about/Critical_Studies_in_Organization_and_Bur.html?id=v8Vzk3YqA9gC&redir_esc=y\"},\"keyword\":[\"Business & Economics / General\",\"Business & Economics / Labor / General\",\"Business & Economics / Negotiating\",\"Business & Economics / Organizational Development\"],\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"book\",\"type\":\"book\",\"address\":\"Philadelphia, PA\",\"title\":\"The Feminist Case Against Bureaucracy\",\"isbn\":\"978-0-87722-400-6\",\"url\":\"https://books.google.ch/books/about/The_Feminist_Case_Against_Bureaucracy.html?id=sBtH2NO3IMwC&redir_esc=y#:~:text=The%20author%20sees%20bureaucrats%20and,example%20%2D%2D%20are%20not%20enough.\",\"abstract\":\"\\\"Like it or not, all of us who live in modern society are organization men and women. We tend to be caught in the traditional patterns of dominance and subordination. This book is both pessimistic and hopeful. With devastating thoroughness, the author shows how pervasive these patterns of relationship are in our work lives and personal lives, and how deep they run – into the very language of the organization and of ordinary life. This is not a book about how women can succeed in business, but a criticism of books like those success manuals and notions like that idea of success. The author sees bureaucrats and clients as the 'second sex'. To fit in properly, they just learn the skills necessary to cope with subordinate status, skills that women have always learned as part of their 'femininity'. Liberal reforms – placing more women in management positions, for example – are not enough. What is required is the emergence of an alternative voice, one grounded in the experience and perceptions of women, that will challenge the patterns of control found in every aspect of modern life. Public discourse today is not the language of women even when women speak it. In this brilliant synthesis of the feminist literature and the literature on organizational theory and practice, the author suggests how a feminist discourse could interject into public debate a reformulation of the basic political questions of power, reason, and organization and thereby legitimate a concern of both autonomy and community. In the face of the massive incursions of bureaucracy into daily life, this is an important contribution to the project of human liberation.\\\"–Publisher description.\",\"language\":\"en\",\"publisher\":\"Temple University Press\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Ferguson\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Kathy\",\"E.\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"year\":\"1984\",\"note\":\"Google-Books-ID: sBtH2NO3IMwC\",\"keywords\":\"Business & Economics / General, Business & Economics / Organizational Behavior, Political Science / General, Political Science / Public Policy / General, Social Science / Feminism & Feminist Theory\",\"bibtex\":\"@book{ferguson_feminist_1984,\\n\\taddress = {Philadelphia, PA},\\n\\ttitle = {The {Feminist} {Case} {Against} {Bureaucracy}},\\n\\tisbn = {978-0-87722-400-6},\\n\\turl = {https://books.google.ch/books/about/The_Feminist_Case_Against_Bureaucracy.html?id=sBtH2NO3IMwC&redir_esc=y#:~:text=The%20author%20sees%20bureaucrats%20and,example%20%2D%2D%20are%20not%20enough.},\\n\\tabstract = {\\\"Like it or not, all of us who live in modern society are organization men and women. We tend to be caught in the traditional patterns of dominance and subordination. This book is both pessimistic and hopeful. With devastating thoroughness, the author shows how pervasive these patterns of relationship are in our work lives and personal lives, and how deep they run -- into the very language of the organization and of ordinary life. This is not a book about how women can succeed in business, but a criticism of books like those success manuals and notions like that idea of success. The author sees bureaucrats and clients as the 'second sex'. To fit in properly, they just learn the skills necessary to cope with subordinate status, skills that women have always learned as part of their 'femininity'. Liberal reforms -- placing more women in management positions, for example -- are not enough. What is required is the emergence of an alternative voice, one grounded in the experience and perceptions of women, that will challenge the patterns of control found in every aspect of modern life. Public discourse today is not the language of women even when women speak it. In this brilliant synthesis of the feminist literature and the literature on organizational theory and practice, the author suggests how a feminist discourse could interject into public debate a reformulation of the basic political questions of power, reason, and organization and thereby legitimate a concern of both autonomy and community. In the face of the massive incursions of bureaucracy into daily life, this is an important contribution to the project of human liberation.\\\"--Publisher description.},\\n\\tlanguage = {en},\\n\\tpublisher = {Temple University Press},\\n\\tauthor = {Ferguson, Kathy E.},\\n\\tyear = {1984},\\n\\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: sBtH2NO3IMwC},\\n\\tkeywords = {Business \\\\& Economics / General, Business \\\\& Economics / Organizational Behavior, Political Science / General, Political Science / Public Policy / General, Social Science / Feminism \\\\& Feminist Theory},\\n}\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Ferguson, K. E.\"],\"key\":\"ferguson_feminist_1984\",\"id\":\"ferguson_feminist_1984\",\"bibbaseid\":\"ferguson-thefeministcaseagainstbureaucracy-1984\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{\"Paper\":\"https://books.google.ch/books/about/The_Feminist_Case_Against_Bureaucracy.html?id=sBtH2NO3IMwC&redir_esc=y#:~:text=The%20author%20sees%20bureaucrats%20and,example%20%2D%2D%20are%20not%20enough.\"},\"keyword\":[\"Business & Economics / General\",\"Business & Economics / Organizational Behavior\",\"Political Science / General\",\"Political Science / Public Policy / General\",\"Social Science / Feminism & Feminist Theory\"],\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"incollection\",\"type\":\"incollection\",\"title\":\"Critical Theory and Organizational Analysis\",\"isbn\":\"978-0-8039-2078-1\",\"abstract\":\"Research is often seen as a neutral, technical process through which researchers simply reveal or discover knowledge. A broader and more self-reflective stance is advocated in Beyond Method, one in which a knowledge of technique needs to be complemented by an appreciation of the nature of research as a distinctively human process, through which researchers make knowledge. Such an appreciation requires a reframing of understanding and debate about research, in a way that goes beyond considerations of method alone.\",\"language\":\"en\",\"booktitle\":\"Beyond Method: Strategies for Social Research\",\"publisher\":\"SAGE\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Forester\"],\"firstnames\":[\"John\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"editor\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Morgan\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Gareth\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"month\":\"May\",\"year\":\"1983\",\"note\":\"Google-Books-ID: ffy1Z7xUQ_wC\",\"keywords\":\"Reference / Research, Social Science / Research\",\"pages\":\"Ch. 15\",\"bibtex\":\"@incollection{morgan_critical_1983,\\n\\ttitle = {Critical {Theory} and {Organizational} {Analysis}},\\n\\tisbn = {978-0-8039-2078-1},\\n\\tabstract = {Research is often seen as a neutral, technical process through which researchers simply reveal or discover knowledge. A broader and more self-reflective stance is advocated in Beyond Method, one in which a knowledge of technique needs to be complemented by an appreciation of the nature of research as a distinctively human process, through which researchers make knowledge. Such an appreciation requires a reframing of understanding and debate about research, in a way that goes beyond considerations of method alone.},\\n\\tlanguage = {en},\\n\\tbooktitle = {Beyond {Method}: {Strategies} for {Social} {Research}},\\n\\tpublisher = {SAGE},\\n\\tauthor = {Forester, John},\\n\\teditor = {Morgan, Gareth},\\n\\tmonth = may,\\n\\tyear = {1983},\\n\\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: ffy1Z7xUQ\\\\_wC},\\n\\tkeywords = {Reference / Research, Social Science / Research},\\n\\tpages = {Ch. 15},\\n}\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Forester, J.\"],\"editor_short\":[\"Morgan, G.\"],\"key\":\"morgan_critical_1983\",\"id\":\"morgan_critical_1983\",\"bibbaseid\":\"forester-criticaltheoryandorganizationalanalysis-1983\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{},\"keyword\":[\"Reference / Research\",\"Social Science / Research\"],\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"article\",\"type\":\"article\",\"title\":\"Toward a Critical Theory of Public Organization\",\"volume\":\"41\",\"issn\":\"0033-3352\",\"url\":\"https://www.jstor.org/stable/975738\",\"doi\":\"10.2307/975738\",\"number\":\"6\",\"urldate\":\"2024-08-13\",\"journal\":\"Public Administration Review\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Denhardt\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Robert\",\"B.\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"year\":\"1981\",\"note\":\"Publisher: [American Society for Public Administration, Wiley]\",\"pages\":\"628–635\",\"bibtex\":\"@article{denhardt_toward_1981,\\n\\ttitle = {Toward a {Critical} {Theory} of {Public} {Organization}},\\n\\tvolume = {41},\\n\\tissn = {0033-3352},\\n\\turl = {https://www.jstor.org/stable/975738},\\n\\tdoi = {10.2307/975738},\\n\\tnumber = {6},\\n\\turldate = {2024-08-13},\\n\\tjournal = {Public Administration Review},\\n\\tauthor = {Denhardt, Robert B.},\\n\\tyear = {1981},\\n\\tnote = {Publisher: [American Society for Public Administration, Wiley]},\\n\\tpages = {628--635},\\n}\\n\\n\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Denhardt, R. B.\"],\"key\":\"denhardt_toward_1981\",\"id\":\"denhardt_toward_1981\",\"bibbaseid\":\"denhardt-towardacriticaltheoryofpublicorganization-1981\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{\"Paper\":\"https://www.jstor.org/stable/975738\"},\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"book\",\"type\":\"book\",\"address\":\"New York, NY\",\"title\":\"Street-Level Bureaucracy, 30th Anniversary Edition: Dilemmas of the Individual in Public Service\",\"isbn\":\"978-1-61044-663-1\",\"shorttitle\":\"Street-Level Bureaucracy, 30th Anniversary Edition\",\"url\":\"https://www.russellsage.org/publications/street-level-bureaucracy\",\"abstract\":\"First published in 1980, Street-Level Bureaucracy received critical acclaim for its insightful study of how public service workers, in effect, function as policy decision makers, as they wield their considerable discretion in the day-to-day implementation of public programs. Three decades later, the need to bolster the availability and effectiveness of healthcare, social services, education, and law enforcement is as urgent as ever. In this thirtieth anniversary expanded edition, Michael Lipsky revisits the territory he mapped out in the first edition to reflect on significant policy developments over the last several decades. Despite the difficulties of managing these front-line workers, he shows how street-level bureaucracies can be and regularly are brought into line with public purposes. Street-level bureaucrats—from teachers and police officers to social workers and legal-aid lawyers—interact directly with the public and so represent the frontlines of government policy. In Street-Level Bureaucracy, Lipsky argues that these relatively low-level public service employees labor under huge caseloads, ambiguous agency goals, and inadequate resources. When combined with substantial discretionary authority and the requirement to interpret policy on a case-by-case basis, the difference between government policy in theory and policy in practice can be substantial and troubling. The core dilemma of street-level bureaucrats is that they are supposed to help people or make decisions about them on the basis of individual cases, yet the structure of their jobs makes this impossible. Instead, they are forced to adopt practices such as rationing resources, screening applicants for qualities their organizations favor, \\\"rubberstamping\\\" applications, and routinizing client interactions by imposing the uniformities of mass processing on situations requiring human responsiveness. Occasionally, such strategies work out in favor of the client. But the cumulative effect of street-level decisions made on the basis of routines and simplifications about clients can reroute the intended direction of policy, undermining citizens' expectations of evenhanded treatment. This seminal, award-winning study tells a cautionary tale of how decisions made by overburdened workers translate into ad-hoc policy adaptations that impact peoples' lives and life opportunities. Lipsky maintains, however, that these problems are not insurmountable. Over the years, public managers have developed ways to bring street-level performance more in line with agency goals. This expanded edition of Street-Level Bureaucracy underscores that, despite its challenging nature, street-level work can be made to conform to higher expectations of public service.\",\"language\":\"en\",\"publisher\":\"Russell Sage Foundation\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Lipsky\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Michael\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"month\":\"April\",\"year\":\"2010\",\"keywords\":\"Business & Economics / Economics / Microeconomics, Political Science / General, Political Science / Public Policy / General\",\"bibtex\":\"@book{lipsky_street-level_2010,\\n\\taddress = {New York, NY},\\n\\ttitle = {Street-{Level} {Bureaucracy}, 30th {Anniversary} {Edition}: {Dilemmas} of the {Individual} in {Public} {Service}},\\n\\tisbn = {978-1-61044-663-1},\\n\\tshorttitle = {Street-{Level} {Bureaucracy}, 30th {Anniversary} {Edition}},\\n\\turl = {https://www.russellsage.org/publications/street-level-bureaucracy},\\n\\tabstract = {First published in 1980, Street-Level Bureaucracy received critical acclaim for its insightful study of how public service workers, in effect, function as policy decision makers, as they wield their considerable discretion in the day-to-day implementation of public programs. Three decades later, the need to bolster the availability and effectiveness of healthcare, social services, education, and law enforcement is as urgent as ever. In this thirtieth anniversary expanded edition, Michael Lipsky revisits the territory he mapped out in the first edition to reflect on significant policy developments over the last several decades. Despite the difficulties of managing these front-line workers, he shows how street-level bureaucracies can be and regularly are brought into line with public purposes. Street-level bureaucrats—from teachers and police officers to social workers and legal-aid lawyers—interact directly with the public and so represent the frontlines of government policy. In Street-Level Bureaucracy, Lipsky argues that these relatively low-level public service employees labor under huge caseloads, ambiguous agency goals, and inadequate resources. When combined with substantial discretionary authority and the requirement to interpret policy on a case-by-case basis, the difference between government policy in theory and policy in practice can be substantial and troubling. The core dilemma of street-level bureaucrats is that they are supposed to help people or make decisions about them on the basis of individual cases, yet the structure of their jobs makes this impossible. Instead, they are forced to adopt practices such as rationing resources, screening applicants for qualities their organizations favor, \\\"rubberstamping\\\" applications, and routinizing client interactions by imposing the uniformities of mass processing on situations requiring human responsiveness. Occasionally, such strategies work out in favor of the client. But the cumulative effect of street-level decisions made on the basis of routines and simplifications about clients can reroute the intended direction of policy, undermining citizens' expectations of evenhanded treatment. This seminal, award-winning study tells a cautionary tale of how decisions made by overburdened workers translate into ad-hoc policy adaptations that impact peoples' lives and life opportunities. Lipsky maintains, however, that these problems are not insurmountable. Over the years, public managers have developed ways to bring street-level performance more in line with agency goals. This expanded edition of Street-Level Bureaucracy underscores that, despite its challenging nature, street-level work can be made to conform to higher expectations of public service.},\\n\\tlanguage = {en},\\n\\tpublisher = {Russell Sage Foundation},\\n\\tauthor = {Lipsky, Michael},\\n\\tmonth = apr,\\n\\tyear = {2010},\\n\\tkeywords = {Business \\\\& Economics / Economics / Microeconomics, Political Science / General, Political Science / Public Policy / General},\\n}\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Lipsky, M.\"],\"key\":\"lipsky_street-level_2010\",\"id\":\"lipsky_street-level_2010\",\"bibbaseid\":\"lipsky-streetlevelbureaucracy30thanniversaryeditiondilemmasoftheindividualinpublicservice-2010\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{\"Paper\":\"https://www.russellsage.org/publications/street-level-bureaucracy\"},\"keyword\":[\"Business & Economics / Economics / Microeconomics\",\"Political Science / General\",\"Political Science / Public Policy / General\"],\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"book\",\"type\":\"book\",\"address\":\"New York, NY\",\"title\":\"The Bureaucratic Experience: The Post-Modern Challenge: The Post-Modern Challenge\",\"isbn\":\"978-1-317-45815-9\",\"shorttitle\":\"The Bureaucratic Experience\",\"abstract\":\"Everyone has trouble with bureaucracy. Citizens and politicians have trouble controlling the runaway bureaucratic machine. Managers have trouble managing it. Employees dislike working in it. Clients can't get the goods from it. Teachers have difficulty getting a grip on it. Optimists argue that soon all of this will be fixed. The new Fifth Edition of Ralph P. Hummel's classic text maintains just the opposite - that despite all the current rhetoric from proponents of total quality management, corporate reengineering, and the new public management, it's still \\\"business as usual\\\" for bureaucracies. The persistent reality of organizational structure remains resilient in the face of feel-good trends and values. For this edition the book has been thoroughly revised and updated, with two key changes: each of the six core chapters has been trimmed and edited to consolidate and streamline the important organizational theory developments since the book's initial publication; and, each chapter contains newly added critiques of the postmodern theory of modern organizations, pursuing the theme that postmodernism covers up the persistent reality of organizational structure.\",\"language\":\"en\",\"publisher\":\"Routledge\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Hummel\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Ralph\",\"P.\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"month\":\"December\",\"year\":\"2014\",\"note\":\"Google-Books-ID: Ks7fBQAAQBAJ\",\"keywords\":\"Business & Economics / Development / Economic Development, Business & Economics / General\",\"bibtex\":\"@book{hummel_bureaucratic_2014,\\n\\taddress = {New York, NY},\\n\\ttitle = {The {Bureaucratic} {Experience}: {The} {Post}-{Modern} {Challenge}: {The} {Post}-{Modern} {Challenge}},\\n\\tisbn = {978-1-317-45815-9},\\n\\tshorttitle = {The {Bureaucratic} {Experience}},\\n\\tabstract = {Everyone has trouble with bureaucracy. Citizens and politicians have trouble controlling the runaway bureaucratic machine. Managers have trouble managing it. Employees dislike working in it. Clients can't get the goods from it. Teachers have difficulty getting a grip on it. Optimists argue that soon all of this will be fixed. The new Fifth Edition of Ralph P. Hummel's classic text maintains just the opposite - that despite all the current rhetoric from proponents of total quality management, corporate reengineering, and the new public management, it's still \\\"business as usual\\\" for bureaucracies. The persistent reality of organizational structure remains resilient in the face of feel-good trends and values. For this edition the book has been thoroughly revised and updated, with two key changes: each of the six core chapters has been trimmed and edited to consolidate and streamline the important organizational theory developments since the book's initial publication; and, each chapter contains newly added critiques of the postmodern theory of modern organizations, pursuing the theme that postmodernism covers up the persistent reality of organizational structure.},\\n\\tlanguage = {en},\\n\\tpublisher = {Routledge},\\n\\tauthor = {Hummel, Ralph P.},\\n\\tmonth = dec,\\n\\tyear = {2014},\\n\\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: Ks7fBQAAQBAJ},\\n\\tkeywords = {Business \\\\& Economics / Development / Economic Development, Business \\\\& Economics / General},\\n}\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Hummel, R. P.\"],\"key\":\"hummel_bureaucratic_2014\",\"id\":\"hummel_bureaucratic_2014\",\"bibbaseid\":\"hummel-thebureaucraticexperiencethepostmodernchallengethepostmodernchallenge-2014\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{},\"keyword\":[\"Business & Economics / Development / Economic Development\",\"Business & Economics / General\"],\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"book\",\"type\":\"book\",\"address\":\"Scranton\",\"title\":\"Toward a New Public Administration: The Minnowbrook Perspective\",\"isbn\":\"978-0-8102-0390-7\",\"shorttitle\":\"Toward a New Public Administration\",\"language\":\"en\",\"publisher\":\"Chandler Publishing Company\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Marini\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Frank\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"year\":\"1971\",\"note\":\"Google-Books-ID: jVEWAAAAIAAJ\",\"keywords\":\"Political Science / Public Affairs & Administration\",\"bibtex\":\"@book{marini_toward_1971,\\n\\taddress = {Scranton},\\n\\ttitle = {Toward a {New} {Public} {Administration}: {The} {Minnowbrook} {Perspective}},\\n\\tisbn = {978-0-8102-0390-7},\\n\\tshorttitle = {Toward a {New} {Public} {Administration}},\\n\\tlanguage = {en},\\n\\tpublisher = {Chandler Publishing Company},\\n\\tauthor = {Marini, Frank},\\n\\tyear = {1971},\\n\\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: jVEWAAAAIAAJ},\\n\\tkeywords = {Political Science / Public Affairs \\\\& Administration},\\n}\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Marini, F.\"],\"key\":\"marini_toward_1971\",\"id\":\"marini_toward_1971\",\"bibbaseid\":\"marini-towardanewpublicadministrationtheminnowbrookperspective-1971\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{},\"keyword\":[\"Political Science / Public Affairs & Administration\"],\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"book\",\"type\":\"book\",\"address\":\"Ithaca, NY\",\"title\":\"The Interpretive Turn: Philosophy, Science, Culture\",\"copyright\":\"De Gruyter expressly reserves the right to use all content for commercial text and data mining within the meaning of Section 44b of the German Copyright Act.\",\"isbn\":\"978-1-5017-3502-8\",\"shorttitle\":\"The Interpretive Turn\",\"url\":\"https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.7591/9781501735028/html?lang=en\",\"abstract\":\"This wide-ranging and provocative book responds to a debate that is radically changing the relationships between the humanities, social sciences, and natural sciences. Many now agree that foundationalism in philosophy and positivism in science have been overturned, and that philosophy, having found that its \\\"linguistic turn\\\" led to a dead end, must now take an \\\"interpretive turn.\\\" In philosophy, the sciences, and such diverse fields as anthropology, law, and social history, the turn to interpretation has challenged many fundamental assumptions, forcing scholars to contest the status of knowledge claims. Are interpretations true? Is interpretation universal? How can interpretive claims be justified rationally? Fifteen new essays representing both preeminent thinkers in these debates and notable younger scholars here explore such questions. Individual essays address aspects of the relationship between the human and the natural sciences, epistemological and normative issues in interpretation, and key topics in a variety of disciplines.\",\"language\":\"en\",\"urldate\":\"2024-08-13\",\"publisher\":\"Cornell University Press\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Hiley\"],\"firstnames\":[\"David\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Bohman\"],\"firstnames\":[\"James\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Shusterman\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Richard\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"month\":\"April\",\"year\":\"2019\",\"doi\":\"10.7591/9781501735028\",\"keywords\":\"General Science, Philosophy\",\"bibtex\":\"@book{hiley_interpretive_2019,\\n\\taddress = {Ithaca, NY},\\n\\ttitle = {The {Interpretive} {Turn}: {Philosophy}, {Science}, {Culture}},\\n\\tcopyright = {De Gruyter expressly reserves the right to use all content for commercial text and data mining within the meaning of Section 44b of the German Copyright Act.},\\n\\tisbn = {978-1-5017-3502-8},\\n\\tshorttitle = {The {Interpretive} {Turn}},\\n\\turl = {https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.7591/9781501735028/html?lang=en},\\n\\tabstract = {This wide-ranging and provocative book responds to a debate that is radically changing the relationships between the humanities, social sciences, and natural sciences. Many now agree that foundationalism in philosophy and positivism in science have been overturned, and that philosophy, having found that its \\\"linguistic turn\\\" led to a dead end, must now take an \\\"interpretive turn.\\\" In philosophy, the sciences, and such diverse fields as anthropology, law, and social history, the turn to interpretation has challenged many fundamental assumptions, forcing scholars to contest the status of knowledge claims. Are interpretations true? Is interpretation universal? How can interpretive claims be justified rationally? Fifteen new essays representing both preeminent thinkers in these debates and notable younger scholars here explore such questions. Individual essays address aspects of the relationship between the human and the natural sciences, epistemological and normative issues in interpretation, and key topics in a variety of disciplines.},\\n\\tlanguage = {en},\\n\\turldate = {2024-08-13},\\n\\tpublisher = {Cornell University Press},\\n\\tauthor = {Hiley, David and Bohman, James and Shusterman, Richard},\\n\\tmonth = apr,\\n\\tyear = {2019},\\n\\tdoi = {10.7591/9781501735028},\\n\\tkeywords = {General Science, Philosophy},\\n}\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Hiley, D.\",\"Bohman, J.\",\"Shusterman, R.\"],\"key\":\"hiley_interpretive_2019\",\"id\":\"hiley_interpretive_2019\",\"bibbaseid\":\"hiley-bohman-shusterman-theinterpretiveturnphilosophyscienceculture-2019\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{\"Paper\":\"https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.7591/9781501735028/html?lang=en\"},\"keyword\":[\"General Science\",\"Philosophy\"],\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"book\",\"type\":\"book\",\"address\":\"Albany, NY\",\"title\":\"Narrative Knowing and the Human Sciences\",\"isbn\":\"978-0-88706-622-1\",\"abstract\":\"This book expands the concept of the nature of science and provides a practical research alternative for those who work with people and organizations. Using literary criticism, philosophy, and history, as well as recent developments in the cognitive and social sciences, Narrative Knowing and the Human Sciences shows how to use research information organized by the narrative form–such information as clinical life histories, organizational case studies, biographic material, corporate cultural designs, and literary products. The relationship between the narrative format and classical and statistical and experimental designs is clarified and made explicit. Suggestions for doing research are given as well as criteria for judging the accuracy and quality of narrative research results.\",\"language\":\"en\",\"publisher\":\"SUNY Press\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Polkinghorne\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Donald\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"month\":\"January\",\"year\":\"1988\",\"note\":\"Google-Books-ID: 7HXn29yaDeoC\",\"keywords\":\"Language Arts & Disciplines / Rhetoric\",\"bibtex\":\"@book{polkinghorne_narrative_1988,\\n\\taddress = {Albany, NY},\\n\\ttitle = {Narrative {Knowing} and the {Human} {Sciences}},\\n\\tisbn = {978-0-88706-622-1},\\n\\tabstract = {This book expands the concept of the nature of science and provides a practical research alternative for those who work with people and organizations.  Using literary criticism, philosophy, and history, as well as recent developments in the cognitive and social sciences, Narrative Knowing and the Human Sciences shows how to use research information organized by the narrative form--such information as clinical life histories, organizational case studies, biographic material, corporate cultural designs, and literary products. The relationship between the narrative format and classical and statistical and experimental designs is clarified and made explicit. Suggestions for doing research are given as well as criteria for judging the accuracy and quality of narrative research results.},\\n\\tlanguage = {en},\\n\\tpublisher = {SUNY Press},\\n\\tauthor = {Polkinghorne, Donald},\\n\\tmonth = jan,\\n\\tyear = {1988},\\n\\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: 7HXn29yaDeoC},\\n\\tkeywords = {Language Arts \\\\& Disciplines / Rhetoric},\\n}\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Polkinghorne, D.\"],\"key\":\"polkinghorne_narrative_1988\",\"id\":\"polkinghorne_narrative_1988\",\"bibbaseid\":\"polkinghorne-narrativeknowingandthehumansciences-1988\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{},\"keyword\":[\"Language Arts & Disciplines / Rhetoric\"],\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"book\",\"type\":\"book\",\"title\":\"The Rhetoric of Economics\",\"isbn\":\"978-0-299-15813-2\",\"abstract\":\"A classic in its field, this pathbreaking book humanized the scientific rhetoric of economics to reveal its literary soul. Economics needs to admit that it, like other sciences, works with metaphors and stories. Its most mathematical and statistical moments are properly dominated by comparison and narration, that is to say, human persuasion. The book was McCloskey's opening move in the development of a \\\"humanomics,\\\" and unification of the sciences and the humanities on the field of ordinary business life.\",\"language\":\"en\",\"publisher\":\"Univ of Wisconsin Press\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"McCloskey\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Deirdre\",\"N.\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"month\":\"May\",\"year\":\"1998\",\"note\":\"Google-Books-ID: RDwsPG2KmXYC\",\"keywords\":\"Business & Economics / General, Social Science / General\",\"bibtex\":\"@book{mccloskey_rhetoric_1998,\\n\\ttitle = {The {Rhetoric} of {Economics}},\\n\\tisbn = {978-0-299-15813-2},\\n\\tabstract = {A classic in its field, this pathbreaking book humanized the scientific rhetoric of economics to reveal its literary soul. Economics needs to admit that it, like other sciences, works with metaphors and stories. Its most mathematical and statistical moments are properly dominated by comparison and narration, that is to say, human persuasion. The book was McCloskey's opening move in the development of a \\\"humanomics,\\\" and unification of the sciences and the humanities on the field of ordinary business life.},\\n\\tlanguage = {en},\\n\\tpublisher = {Univ of Wisconsin Press},\\n\\tauthor = {McCloskey, Deirdre N.},\\n\\tmonth = may,\\n\\tyear = {1998},\\n\\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: RDwsPG2KmXYC},\\n\\tkeywords = {Business \\\\& Economics / General, Social Science / General},\\n}\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"McCloskey, D. N.\"],\"key\":\"mccloskey_rhetoric_1998\",\"id\":\"mccloskey_rhetoric_1998\",\"bibbaseid\":\"mccloskey-therhetoricofeconomics-1998\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{},\"keyword\":[\"Business & Economics / General\",\"Social Science / General\"],\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"book\",\"type\":\"book\",\"address\":\"Albany, NY\",\"title\":\"Methodology for the Human Sciences: Systems of Inquiry\",\"isbn\":\"978-0-87395-663-5\",\"shorttitle\":\"Methodology for the Human Sciences\",\"abstract\":\"Methodology for the Human Sciences addresses the growing need for a comprehensive textbook that surveys the emerging body of literature on human science research and clearly describes procedures and methods for carrying out new research strategies. It provides an overview of developing methods, describes their commonalities and variations, and contains practical information on how to implement strategies in the field. In it, Donald Polkinghorne calls for a renewal of debate over which methods are appropriate for the study of human beings, proposing that the results of the extensive changes in the philosophy of science since 1960 call for a reexamination of the original issues of this debate. The book traces the history of the deliberations from Mill and Dilthey to Hempel and logical positivism, examines recently developed systems of inquiry and their importance for the human sciences, and relates these systems to the practical problems of doing research on topics related to human experience. It discusses historical realism, systems and structures, phenomenology and hermeneutics, action theory, and the implications recent systems have for a revised human science methodology.\",\"language\":\"en\",\"publisher\":\"SUNY Press\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Polkinghorne\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Donald\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"month\":\"January\",\"year\":\"1983\",\"note\":\"Google-Books-ID: IfBW4IA2zREC\",\"keywords\":\"Science / Research & Methodology\",\"bibtex\":\"@book{polkinghorne_methodology_1983,\\n\\taddress = {Albany, NY},\\n\\ttitle = {Methodology for the {Human} {Sciences}: {Systems} of {Inquiry}},\\n\\tisbn = {978-0-87395-663-5},\\n\\tshorttitle = {Methodology for the {Human} {Sciences}},\\n\\tabstract = {Methodology for the Human Sciences addresses the growing need for a comprehensive textbook that surveys the emerging body of literature on human science research and clearly describes procedures and methods for carrying out new research strategies. It provides an overview of developing methods, describes their commonalities and variations, and contains practical information on how to implement strategies in the field. In it, Donald Polkinghorne calls for a renewal of debate over which methods are appropriate for the study of human beings, proposing that the results of the extensive changes in the philosophy of science since 1960 call for a reexamination of the original issues of this debate.  The book traces the history of the deliberations from Mill and Dilthey to Hempel and logical positivism, examines recently developed systems of inquiry and their importance for the human sciences, and relates these systems to the practical problems of doing research on topics related to human experience. It discusses historical realism, systems and structures, phenomenology and hermeneutics, action theory, and the implications recent systems have for a revised human science methodology.},\\n\\tlanguage = {en},\\n\\tpublisher = {SUNY Press},\\n\\tauthor = {Polkinghorne, Donald},\\n\\tmonth = jan,\\n\\tyear = {1983},\\n\\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: IfBW4IA2zREC},\\n\\tkeywords = {Science / Research \\\\& Methodology},\\n}\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Polkinghorne, D.\"],\"key\":\"polkinghorne_methodology_1983\",\"id\":\"polkinghorne_methodology_1983\",\"bibbaseid\":\"polkinghorne-methodologyforthehumansciencessystemsofinquiry-1983\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{},\"keyword\":[\"Science / Research & Methodology\"],\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"book\",\"type\":\"book\",\"address\":\"Philadelphia, PA\",\"title\":\"Beyond Objectivism and Relativism: Science, Hermeneutics, and Praxis\",\"isbn\":\"978-0-8122-1165-8\",\"shorttitle\":\"Beyond Objectivism and Relativism\",\"abstract\":\"Drawing freely and expertly from Continental and analytic traditions, Richard Bernstein examines a number of debates and controversies exemplified in the works of Gadamer, Habermas, Rorty, and Arendt. He argues that a \\\"new conversation\\\" is emerging about human rationality—a new understanding that emphasizes its practical character and has important ramifications both for thought and action.\",\"language\":\"en\",\"publisher\":\"University of Pennsylvania Press\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Bernstein\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Richard\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"year\":\"1983\",\"note\":\"Google-Books-ID: WHs4xL9RsY4C\",\"keywords\":\"Philosophy / Epistemology, Philosophy / General, Philosophy / Hermeneutics, Philosophy / History & Surveys / Modern, Philosophy / Metaphysics, Religion / Religion & Science\",\"bibtex\":\"@book{bernstein_beyond_1983,\\n\\taddress = {Philadelphia, PA},\\n\\ttitle = {Beyond {Objectivism} and {Relativism}: {Science}, {Hermeneutics}, and {Praxis}},\\n\\tisbn = {978-0-8122-1165-8},\\n\\tshorttitle = {Beyond {Objectivism} and {Relativism}},\\n\\tabstract = {Drawing freely and expertly from Continental and analytic traditions, Richard Bernstein examines a number of debates and controversies exemplified in the works of Gadamer, Habermas, Rorty, and Arendt. He argues that a \\\"new conversation\\\" is emerging about human rationality—a new understanding that emphasizes its practical character and has important ramifications both for thought and action.},\\n\\tlanguage = {en},\\n\\tpublisher = {University of Pennsylvania Press},\\n\\tauthor = {Bernstein, Richard},\\n\\tyear = {1983},\\n\\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: WHs4xL9RsY4C},\\n\\tkeywords = {Philosophy / Epistemology, Philosophy / General, Philosophy / Hermeneutics, Philosophy / History \\\\& Surveys / Modern, Philosophy / Metaphysics, Religion / Religion \\\\& Science},\\n}\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Bernstein, R.\"],\"key\":\"bernstein_beyond_1983\",\"id\":\"bernstein_beyond_1983\",\"bibbaseid\":\"bernstein-beyondobjectivismandrelativismsciencehermeneuticsandpraxis-1983\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{},\"keyword\":[\"Philosophy / Epistemology\",\"Philosophy / General\",\"Philosophy / Hermeneutics\",\"Philosophy / History & Surveys / Modern\",\"Philosophy / Metaphysics\",\"Religion / Religion & Science\"],\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"book\",\"type\":\"book\",\"address\":\"Chicago, IL\",\"title\":\"Metaphors We Live By\",\"isbn\":\"978-0-226-46801-3\",\"url\":\"https://press.uchicago.edu/ucp/books/book/chicago/M/bo3637992.html\",\"abstract\":\"The now-classic Metaphors We Live By changed our understanding of metaphor and its role in language and the mind. Metaphor, the authors explain, is a fundamental mechanism of mind, one that allows us to use what we know about our physical and social experience to provide understanding of countless other subjects. Because such metaphors structure our most basic understandings of our experience, they are \\\"metaphors we live by\\\"—metaphors that can shape our perceptions and actions without our ever noticing them.In this updated edition of Lakoff and Johnson’s influential book, the authors supply an afterword surveying how their theory of metaphor has developed within the cognitive sciences to become central to the contemporary understanding of how we think and how we express our thoughts in language.\",\"language\":\"en\",\"urldate\":\"2024-08-13\",\"publisher\":\"University of Chicago Press\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Lakoff\"],\"firstnames\":[\"George\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Johnson\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Mark\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"editor\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Afterword\"],\"firstnames\":[\"With\",\"a\",\"new\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"month\":\"April\",\"year\":\"2003\",\"keywords\":\"categories, categorization, causation, cognition, concepts, culture, dehumanizing, experience, influence, language, linguistics, marginalization, metaphor, metonymy, nonfiction, objectivism, patterns, perception, personification, philosophy, politics, reality, similarity, sociology, subconscious, subjectivism, truth, understanding\",\"bibtex\":\"@book{lakoff_metaphors_2003,\\n\\taddress = {Chicago, IL},\\n\\ttitle = {Metaphors {We} {Live} {By}},\\n\\tisbn = {978-0-226-46801-3},\\n\\turl = {https://press.uchicago.edu/ucp/books/book/chicago/M/bo3637992.html},\\n\\tabstract = {The now-classic Metaphors We Live By changed our understanding of metaphor and its role in language and the mind. Metaphor, the authors explain, is a fundamental mechanism of mind, one that allows us to use what we know about our physical and social experience to provide understanding of countless other subjects. Because such metaphors structure our most basic understandings of our experience, they are \\\"metaphors we live by\\\"—metaphors that can shape our perceptions and actions without our ever noticing them.In this updated edition of Lakoff and Johnson’s influential book, the authors supply an afterword surveying how their theory of metaphor has developed within the cognitive sciences to become central to the contemporary understanding of how we think and how we express our thoughts in language.},\\n\\tlanguage = {en},\\n\\turldate = {2024-08-13},\\n\\tpublisher = {University of Chicago Press},\\n\\tauthor = {Lakoff, George and Johnson, Mark},\\n\\teditor = {Afterword, With a new},\\n\\tmonth = apr,\\n\\tyear = {2003},\\n\\tkeywords = {categories, categorization, causation, cognition, concepts, culture, dehumanizing, experience, influence, language, linguistics, marginalization, metaphor, metonymy, nonfiction, objectivism, patterns, perception, personification, philosophy, politics, reality, similarity, sociology, subconscious, subjectivism, truth, understanding},\\n}\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Lakoff, G.\",\"Johnson, M.\"],\"editor_short\":[\"Afterword, W. a n.\"],\"key\":\"lakoff_metaphors_2003\",\"id\":\"lakoff_metaphors_2003\",\"bibbaseid\":\"lakoff-johnson-metaphorsweliveby-2003\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{\"Paper\":\"https://press.uchicago.edu/ucp/books/book/chicago/M/bo3637992.html\"},\"keyword\":[\"categories\",\"categorization\",\"causation\",\"cognition\",\"concepts\",\"culture\",\"dehumanizing\",\"experience\",\"influence\",\"language\",\"linguistics\",\"marginalization\",\"metaphor\",\"metonymy\",\"nonfiction\",\"objectivism\",\"patterns\",\"perception\",\"personification\",\"philosophy\",\"politics\",\"reality\",\"similarity\",\"sociology\",\"subconscious\",\"subjectivism\",\"truth\",\"understanding\"],\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"book\",\"type\":\"book\",\"title\":\"Is There a Text in This Class?: The Authority of Interpretive Communities\",\"isbn\":\"978-0-674-46726-2\",\"shorttitle\":\"Is There a Text in This Class?\",\"abstract\":\"Stanley Fish is one of America’s most stimulating literary theorists. In this book, he undertakes a profound reexamination of some of criticism’s most basic assumptions. He penetrates to the core of the modern debate about interpretation, explodes numerous misleading formulations, and offers a stunning proposal for a new way of thinking about the way we read.Fish begins by examining the relation between a reader and a text, arguing against the formalist belief that the text alone is the basic, knowable, neutral, and unchanging component of literary experience. But in arguing for the right of the reader to interpret and in effect create the literary work, he skillfully avoids the old trap of subjectivity. To claim that each reader essentially participates in the making of a poem or novel is not, he shows, an invitation to unchecked subjectivity and to the endless proliferation of competing interpretations. For each reader approaches a literary work not as an isolated individual but as part of a community of readers. “Indeed,” he writes, “it is interpretive communities, rather than either the text or reader, that produce meanings.”The book is developmental, not static. Fish at all times reveals the evolutionary aspect of his work—the manner in which he has assumed new positions, altered them, and then moved on. Previously published essays are introduced by headnotes which relate them to the central notion of interpretive communities as it emerges in the final chapters. In the course of refining his theory, Fish includes rather than excludes the thinking of other critics and shows how often they agree with him, even when he and they may appear to be most dramatically at odds. Engaging, lucid, provocative, this book will immediately find its place among the seminal works of modern literary criticism.\",\"language\":\"en\",\"publisher\":\"Harvard University Press\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Fish\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Stanley\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"year\":\"1980\",\"note\":\"Google-Books-ID: bYBso1t4ylcC\",\"keywords\":\"Education / General, Literary Criticism / General, Literary Criticism / Semiotics & Theory\",\"bibtex\":\"@book{fish_is_1980,\\n\\ttitle = {Is {There} a {Text} in {This} {Class}?: {The} {Authority} of {Interpretive} {Communities}},\\n\\tisbn = {978-0-674-46726-2},\\n\\tshorttitle = {Is {There} a {Text} in {This} {Class}?},\\n\\tabstract = {Stanley Fish is one of America’s most stimulating literary theorists. In this book, he undertakes a profound reexamination of some of criticism’s most basic assumptions. He penetrates to the core of the modern debate about interpretation, explodes numerous misleading formulations, and offers a stunning proposal for a new way of thinking about the way we read.Fish begins by examining the relation between a reader and a text, arguing against the formalist belief that the text alone is the basic, knowable, neutral, and unchanging component of literary experience. But in arguing for the right of the reader to interpret and in effect create the literary work, he skillfully avoids the old trap of subjectivity. To claim that each reader essentially participates in the making of a poem or novel is not, he shows, an invitation to unchecked subjectivity and to the endless proliferation of competing interpretations. For each reader approaches a literary work not as an isolated individual but as part of a community of readers. “Indeed,” he writes, “it is interpretive communities, rather than either the text or reader, that produce meanings.”The book is developmental, not static. Fish at all times reveals the evolutionary aspect of his work—the manner in which he has assumed new positions, altered them, and then moved on. Previously published essays are introduced by headnotes which relate them to the central notion of interpretive communities as it emerges in the final chapters. In the course of refining his theory, Fish includes rather than excludes the thinking of other critics and shows how often they agree with him, even when he and they may appear to be most dramatically at odds. Engaging, lucid, provocative, this book will immediately find its place among the seminal works of modern literary criticism.},\\n\\tlanguage = {en},\\n\\tpublisher = {Harvard University Press},\\n\\tauthor = {Fish, Stanley},\\n\\tyear = {1980},\\n\\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: bYBso1t4ylcC},\\n\\tkeywords = {Education / General, Literary Criticism / General, Literary Criticism / Semiotics \\\\& Theory},\\n}\\n\\n\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Fish, S.\"],\"key\":\"fish_is_1980\",\"id\":\"fish_is_1980\",\"bibbaseid\":\"fish-isthereatextinthisclasstheauthorityofinterpretivecommunities-1980\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{},\"keyword\":[\"Education / General\",\"Literary Criticism / General\",\"Literary Criticism / Semiotics & Theory\"],\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"book\",\"type\":\"book\",\"address\":\"Berkley\",\"title\":\"Interpretive Social Science: A Second Look\",\"copyright\":\"Available worldwide\",\"isbn\":\"978-0-520-05838-5\",\"shorttitle\":\"Interpretive Social Science\",\"url\":\"https://www.ucpress.edu/book/9780520058385/interpretive-social-science\",\"abstract\":\"This is a new edition of the well-received Interpretive Social Science (California, 1979), in which Paul Rabinow and William M. Sullivan predicted the increasing use of an interpretive approach in the social sciences, one that would replace a model based on the natural sciences. In this volume, Rabinow and Sullivan provide a synthetic discussion of the new scholarship in this area and offer twelve essays, eight of them new, embodying the very best work on interpretive approaches to the study of human society.\",\"language\":\"en\",\"urldate\":\"2024-08-13\",\"publisher\":\"University of California Press\",\"editor\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Rabinow\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Paul\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Sullivan\"],\"firstnames\":[\"William\",\"M.\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"month\":\"May\",\"year\":\"1988\",\"bibtex\":\"@book{rabinow_interpretive_1988,\\n\\taddress = {Berkley},\\n\\ttitle = {Interpretive {Social} {Science}: {A} {Second} {Look}},\\n\\tcopyright = {Available worldwide},\\n\\tisbn = {978-0-520-05838-5},\\n\\tshorttitle = {Interpretive {Social} {Science}},\\n\\turl = {https://www.ucpress.edu/book/9780520058385/interpretive-social-science},\\n\\tabstract = {This is a new edition of the well-received Interpretive Social Science (California, 1979), in which Paul Rabinow and William M. Sullivan predicted the increasing use of an interpretive approach in the social sciences, one that would replace a model based on the natural sciences. In this volume, Rabinow and Sullivan provide a synthetic discussion of the new scholarship in this area and offer twelve essays, eight of them new, embodying the very best work on interpretive approaches to the study of human society.},\\n\\tlanguage = {en},\\n\\turldate = {2024-08-13},\\n\\tpublisher = {University of California Press},\\n\\teditor = {Rabinow, Paul and Sullivan, William M.},\\n\\tmonth = may,\\n\\tyear = {1988},\\n}\\n\\n\\n\\n\",\"editor_short\":[\"Rabinow, P.\",\"Sullivan, W. M.\"],\"key\":\"rabinow_interpretive_1988\",\"id\":\"rabinow_interpretive_1988\",\"bibbaseid\":\"rabinow-sullivan-interpretivesocialscienceasecondlook-1988\",\"role\":\"editor\",\"urls\":{\"Paper\":\"https://www.ucpress.edu/book/9780520058385/interpretive-social-science\"},\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"book\",\"type\":\"book\",\"address\":\"London, UK\",\"title\":\"Sociological Paradigms and Organisational Analysis : Elements of the Sociology of Corporate Life\",\"isbn\":\"978-1-315-24280-4\",\"shorttitle\":\"Sociological Paradigms and Organisational Analysis\",\"url\":\"https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/mono/10.4324/9781315242804/sociological-paradigms-organisational-analysis-gibson-burrell-gareth-morgan\",\"abstract\":\"The authors argue in this book that social theory can usefully be conceived in terms of four broad paradigms, based upon different sets of meta-theoretical assumptions with regard to the nature of social science and the nature of society. The four paradigms - Functionalist, Interpretive, Radical Humanist and Radical Structuralist - derive from quite distinct intellectual traditions, and present four mutually exclusive views of the social work. Each stands in its own right, and generates its own distinctive approach to the analysis of social life. The authors provide extensive reviews of the four paradigms, tracing the evolution and inter-relationships between the various sociological schools of thought within each. They then proceed to relate theories of organisation to this wider background. This book covers a great range of intellectual territory. It makes a number of important contributions to our understanding of sociology and organisational analysis, and will prove an invaluable guide to theorists, researchers and students in a variety of social science disciplines. It stands as a discourse in social theory, drawing upon the general area of organisation studies - industrial sociology, organisation theory, organisational psychology, and industrial relations - as a means of illustrating more general sociological themes. In addition to reviewing and evaluating existing work, it provides a framework for appraising future developments in the area of organisational analysis, and suggests the form which some of these developments are likely to take.\",\"language\":\"en\",\"urldate\":\"2024-08-13\",\"publisher\":\"Routledge\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Burrell\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Gibson\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Morgan\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Gareth\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"month\":\"March\",\"year\":\"2017\",\"doi\":\"10.4324/9781315242804\",\"bibtex\":\"@book{burrell_sociological_2017,\\n\\taddress = {London, UK},\\n\\ttitle = {Sociological {Paradigms} and {Organisational} {Analysis} : {Elements} of the {Sociology} of {Corporate} {Life}},\\n\\tisbn = {978-1-315-24280-4},\\n\\tshorttitle = {Sociological {Paradigms} and {Organisational} {Analysis}},\\n\\turl = {https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/mono/10.4324/9781315242804/sociological-paradigms-organisational-analysis-gibson-burrell-gareth-morgan},\\n\\tabstract = {The authors argue in this book that social theory can usefully be conceived in terms of four broad paradigms, based upon different sets of meta-theoretical assumptions with regard to the nature of social science and the nature of society. The four paradigms - Functionalist, Interpretive, Radical Humanist and Radical Structuralist - derive from quite distinct intellectual traditions, and present four mutually exclusive views of the social work. Each stands in its own right, and generates its own distinctive approach to the analysis of social life. The authors provide extensive reviews of the four paradigms, tracing the evolution and inter-relationships between the various sociological schools of thought within each. They then proceed to relate theories of organisation to this wider background. This book covers a great range of intellectual territory. It makes a number of important contributions to our understanding of sociology and organisational analysis, and will prove an invaluable guide to theorists, researchers and students in a variety of social science disciplines. It stands as a discourse in social theory, drawing upon the general area of organisation studies - industrial sociology, organisation theory, organisational psychology, and industrial relations - as a means of illustrating more general sociological themes. In addition to reviewing and evaluating existing work, it provides a framework for appraising future developments in the area of organisational analysis, and suggests the form which some of these developments are likely to take.},\\n\\tlanguage = {en},\\n\\turldate = {2024-08-13},\\n\\tpublisher = {Routledge},\\n\\tauthor = {Burrell, Gibson and Morgan, Gareth},\\n\\tmonth = mar,\\n\\tyear = {2017},\\n\\tdoi = {10.4324/9781315242804},\\n}\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Burrell, G.\",\"Morgan, G.\"],\"key\":\"burrell_sociological_2017\",\"id\":\"burrell_sociological_2017\",\"bibbaseid\":\"burrell-morgan-sociologicalparadigmsandorganisationalanalysiselementsofthesociologyofcorporatelife-2017\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{\"Paper\":\"https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/mono/10.4324/9781315242804/sociological-paradigms-organisational-analysis-gibson-burrell-gareth-morgan\"},\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"book\",\"type\":\"book\",\"title\":\"Philosophy and the Mirror of Nature: Thirtieth-Anniversary Edition\",\"copyright\":\"De Gruyter expressly reserves the right to use all content for commercial text and data mining within the meaning of Section 44b of the German Copyright Act.\",\"isbn\":\"978-1-4008-3306-1\",\"shorttitle\":\"Philosophy and the Mirror of Nature\",\"url\":\"https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/9781400833061/html?lang=en\",\"abstract\":\"When it first appeared in 1979, Philosophy and the Mirror of Nature hit the philosophical world like a bombshell. In it, Richard Rorty argued that, beginning in the seventeenth century, philosophers developed an unhealthy obsession with the notion of representation: comparing the mind to a mirror that reflects reality. Rorty's book is a powerful critique of this imagery and the tradition of thought that it spawned. Today, the book remains a must-read and stands as a classic of twentieth-century philosophy. Its influence on the academy, both within philosophy and across a wide array of disciplines, continues unabated. This edition includes new essays by philosopher Michael Williams and literary scholar David Bromwich, as well as Rorty's previously unpublished essay \\\"The Philosopher as Expert.\\\"\",\"language\":\"en\",\"urldate\":\"2024-08-13\",\"publisher\":\"Princeton University Press\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Rorty\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Richard\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"month\":\"December\",\"year\":\"2008\",\"doi\":\"10.1515/9781400833061\",\"keywords\":\"Analytic philosophy, Analytic–synthetic distinction, Behaviorism, Causality, Certainty, Concept, Consciousness, Criticism, Critique, Dualism (philosophy of mind), Edmund Husserl, Empirical psychology, Empiricism, Epistemology, Ethics, Existence, Explanation, Historicism, Holism, Hypothesis, Idealism, Inference, Inquiry, Intentionality, Kantianism, Language-game (philosophy), Logical positivism, Martin Heidegger, Materialism, Metaphor, Michael Oakeshott, Modern philosophy, Morality, Objectivity (philosophy), Phenomenon, Philosopher, Philosophical analysis, Philosophy, Philosophy of language, Philosophy of mind, Philosophy of science, Physicalism, Polemic, Positivism, Pragmatism, Prediction, Premise, Principle, Privileged access, Qualia, Rationalism, Rationality, Reality, Reason, Relativism, Rorty, Scientist, Skepticism, Subjectivism, Suggestion, The Concept of Mind, The Philosopher, Theory, Theory of justification, Theory of knowledge (IB course), Thought, Understanding, Vocabulary, Wilfrid Sellars, Writing\",\"bibtex\":\"@book{rorty_philosophy_2008,\\n\\ttitle = {Philosophy and the {Mirror} of {Nature}: {Thirtieth}-{Anniversary} {Edition}},\\n\\tcopyright = {De Gruyter expressly reserves the right to use all content for commercial text and data mining within the meaning of Section 44b of the German Copyright Act.},\\n\\tisbn = {978-1-4008-3306-1},\\n\\tshorttitle = {Philosophy and the {Mirror} of {Nature}},\\n\\turl = {https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/9781400833061/html?lang=en},\\n\\tabstract = {When it first appeared in 1979, Philosophy and the Mirror of Nature hit the philosophical world like a bombshell. In it, Richard Rorty argued that, beginning in the seventeenth century, philosophers developed an unhealthy obsession with the notion of representation: comparing the mind to a mirror that reflects reality. Rorty's book is a powerful critique of this imagery and the tradition of thought that it spawned. Today, the book remains a must-read and stands as a classic of twentieth-century philosophy. Its influence on the academy, both within philosophy and across a wide array of disciplines, continues unabated. This edition includes new essays by philosopher Michael Williams and literary scholar David Bromwich, as well as Rorty's previously unpublished essay \\\"The Philosopher as Expert.\\\"},\\n\\tlanguage = {en},\\n\\turldate = {2024-08-13},\\n\\tpublisher = {Princeton University Press},\\n\\tauthor = {Rorty, Richard},\\n\\tmonth = dec,\\n\\tyear = {2008},\\n\\tdoi = {10.1515/9781400833061},\\n\\tkeywords = {Analytic philosophy, Analytic–synthetic distinction, Behaviorism, Causality, Certainty, Concept, Consciousness, Criticism, Critique, Dualism (philosophy of mind), Edmund Husserl, Empirical psychology, Empiricism, Epistemology, Ethics, Existence, Explanation, Historicism, Holism, Hypothesis, Idealism, Inference, Inquiry, Intentionality, Kantianism, Language-game (philosophy), Logical positivism, Martin Heidegger, Materialism, Metaphor, Michael Oakeshott, Modern philosophy, Morality, Objectivity (philosophy), Phenomenon, Philosopher, Philosophical analysis, Philosophy, Philosophy of language, Philosophy of mind, Philosophy of science, Physicalism, Polemic, Positivism, Pragmatism, Prediction, Premise, Principle, Privileged access, Qualia, Rationalism, Rationality, Reality, Reason, Relativism, Rorty, Scientist, Skepticism, Subjectivism, Suggestion, The Concept of Mind, The Philosopher, Theory, Theory of justification, Theory of knowledge (IB course), Thought, Understanding, Vocabulary, Wilfrid Sellars, Writing},\\n}\\n\\n\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Rorty, R.\"],\"key\":\"rorty_philosophy_2008\",\"id\":\"rorty_philosophy_2008\",\"bibbaseid\":\"rorty-philosophyandthemirrorofnaturethirtiethanniversaryedition-2008\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{\"Paper\":\"https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/9781400833061/html?lang=en\"},\"keyword\":[\"Analytic philosophy\",\"Analytic–synthetic distinction\",\"Behaviorism\",\"Causality\",\"Certainty\",\"Concept\",\"Consciousness\",\"Criticism\",\"Critique\",\"Dualism (philosophy of mind)\",\"Edmund Husserl\",\"Empirical psychology\",\"Empiricism\",\"Epistemology\",\"Ethics\",\"Existence\",\"Explanation\",\"Historicism\",\"Holism\",\"Hypothesis\",\"Idealism\",\"Inference\",\"Inquiry\",\"Intentionality\",\"Kantianism\",\"Language-game (philosophy)\",\"Logical positivism\",\"Martin Heidegger\",\"Materialism\",\"Metaphor\",\"Michael Oakeshott\",\"Modern philosophy\",\"Morality\",\"Objectivity (philosophy)\",\"Phenomenon\",\"Philosopher\",\"Philosophical analysis\",\"Philosophy\",\"Philosophy of language\",\"Philosophy of mind\",\"Philosophy of science\",\"Physicalism\",\"Polemic\",\"Positivism\",\"Pragmatism\",\"Prediction\",\"Premise\",\"Principle\",\"Privileged access\",\"Qualia\",\"Rationalism\",\"Rationality\",\"Reality\",\"Reason\",\"Relativism\",\"Rorty\",\"Scientist\",\"Skepticism\",\"Subjectivism\",\"Suggestion\",\"The Concept of Mind\",\"The Philosopher\",\"Theory\",\"Theory of justification\",\"Theory of knowledge (IB course)\",\"Thought\",\"Understanding\",\"Vocabulary\",\"Wilfrid Sellars\",\"Writing\"],\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"article\",\"type\":\"article\",\"title\":\"Social Theory as Metaphor: On the Logic of Discovery for the Sciences of Conduct\",\"volume\":\"3\",\"issn\":\"0304-2421\",\"shorttitle\":\"Social Theory as Metaphor\",\"url\":\"https://www.jstor.org/stable/656845\",\"number\":\"2\",\"urldate\":\"2024-08-13\",\"journal\":\"Theory and Society\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Brown\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Richard\",\"H.\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"year\":\"1976\",\"note\":\"Publisher: Springer\",\"pages\":\"169–197\",\"bibtex\":\"@article{brown_social_1976,\\n\\ttitle = {Social {Theory} as {Metaphor}: {On} the {Logic} of {Discovery} for the {Sciences} of {Conduct}},\\n\\tvolume = {3},\\n\\tissn = {0304-2421},\\n\\tshorttitle = {Social {Theory} as {Metaphor}},\\n\\turl = {https://www.jstor.org/stable/656845},\\n\\tnumber = {2},\\n\\turldate = {2024-08-13},\\n\\tjournal = {Theory and Society},\\n\\tauthor = {Brown, Richard H.},\\n\\tyear = {1976},\\n\\tnote = {Publisher: Springer},\\n\\tpages = {169--197},\\n}\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Brown, R. H.\"],\"key\":\"brown_social_1976\",\"id\":\"brown_social_1976\",\"bibbaseid\":\"brown-socialtheoryasmetaphoronthelogicofdiscoveryforthesciencesofconduct-1976\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{\"Paper\":\"https://www.jstor.org/stable/656845\"},\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"book\",\"type\":\"book\",\"title\":\"The Restructuring of Social and Political Theory\",\"isbn\":\"978-0-8122-7742-5\",\"abstract\":\"In this volume, Bernstein forsees and outlines the development of a social theory that is at once empirical, interpretive, and critical.\",\"language\":\"en\",\"publisher\":\"University of Pennsylvania Press\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Bernstein\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Richard\",\"J.\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"month\":\"March\",\"year\":\"1978\",\"note\":\"Google-Books-ID: RBpy__WzpdAC\",\"keywords\":\"Philosophy / Political, Political Science / History & Theory, Social Science / General, Social Science / Methodology\",\"bibtex\":\"@book{bernstein_restructuring_1978,\\n\\ttitle = {The {Restructuring} of {Social} and {Political} {Theory}},\\n\\tisbn = {978-0-8122-7742-5},\\n\\tabstract = {In this volume, Bernstein forsees and outlines the development of a social theory that is at once empirical, interpretive, and critical.},\\n\\tlanguage = {en},\\n\\tpublisher = {University of Pennsylvania Press},\\n\\tauthor = {Bernstein, Richard J.},\\n\\tmonth = mar,\\n\\tyear = {1978},\\n\\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: RBpy\\\\_\\\\_WzpdAC},\\n\\tkeywords = {Philosophy / Political, Political Science / History \\\\& Theory, Social Science / General, Social Science / Methodology},\\n}\\n\\n\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Bernstein, R. J.\"],\"key\":\"bernstein_restructuring_1978\",\"id\":\"bernstein_restructuring_1978\",\"bibbaseid\":\"bernstein-therestructuringofsocialandpoliticaltheory-1978\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{},\"keyword\":[\"Philosophy / Political\",\"Political Science / History & Theory\",\"Social Science / General\",\"Social Science / Methodology\"],\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"book\",\"type\":\"book\",\"title\":\"The Interpretation Of Cultures\",\"isbn\":\"978-0-465-09719-7\",\"url\":\"https://books.google.ch/books/about/The_Interpretation_Of_Cultures.html?id=BZ1BmKEHti0C&redir_esc=y\",\"abstract\":\"One of the twentieth century's most influential books, this classic work of anthropology offers a groundbreaking exploration of what culture isWith The Interpretation of Cultures, the distinguished anthropologist Clifford Geertz developed the concept of thick description, and in so doing, he virtually rewrote the rules of his field. Culture, Geertz argues, does not drive human behavior. Rather, it is a web of symbols that can help us better understand what that behavior means. A thick description explains not only the behavior, but the context in which it occurs, and to describe something thickly, Geertz argues, is the fundamental role of the anthropologist.Named one of the 100 most important books published since World War II by the Times Literary Supplement, The Interpretation of Cultures transformed how we think about others' cultures and our own. This definitive edition, with a foreword by Robert Darnton, remains an essential book for anthropologists, historians, and anyone else seeking to better understand human cultures.\",\"language\":\"en\",\"publisher\":\"Basic Books\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Geertz\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Clifford\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"year\":\"1973\",\"note\":\"Google-Books-ID: BZ1BmKEHti0C\",\"keywords\":\"History / Historiography, Literary Criticism / Semiotics & Theory, Philosophy / Hermeneutics, Social Science / Anthropology / Cultural & Social, Social Science / Anthropology / General, Social Science / Sociology / General\",\"bibtex\":\"@book{geertz_interpretation_1973,\\n\\ttitle = {The {Interpretation} {Of} {Cultures}},\\n\\tisbn = {978-0-465-09719-7},\\n\\turl = {https://books.google.ch/books/about/The_Interpretation_Of_Cultures.html?id=BZ1BmKEHti0C&redir_esc=y},\\n\\tabstract = {One of the twentieth century's most influential books, this classic work of anthropology offers a groundbreaking exploration of what culture isWith The Interpretation of Cultures, the distinguished anthropologist Clifford Geertz developed the concept of thick description, and in so doing, he virtually rewrote the rules of his field. Culture, Geertz argues, does not drive human behavior. Rather, it is a web of symbols that can help us better understand what that behavior means. A thick description explains not only the behavior, but the context in which it occurs, and to describe something thickly, Geertz argues, is the fundamental role of the anthropologist.Named one of the 100 most important books published since World War II by the Times Literary Supplement, The Interpretation of Cultures transformed how we think about others' cultures and our own. This definitive edition, with a foreword by Robert Darnton, remains an essential book for anthropologists, historians, and anyone else seeking to better understand human cultures.},\\n\\tlanguage = {en},\\n\\tpublisher = {Basic Books},\\n\\tauthor = {Geertz, Clifford},\\n\\tyear = {1973},\\n\\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: BZ1BmKEHti0C},\\n\\tkeywords = {History / Historiography, Literary Criticism / Semiotics \\\\& Theory, Philosophy / Hermeneutics, Social Science / Anthropology / Cultural \\\\& Social, Social Science / Anthropology / General, Social Science / Sociology / General},\\n}\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Geertz, C.\"],\"key\":\"geertz_interpretation_1973\",\"id\":\"geertz_interpretation_1973\",\"bibbaseid\":\"geertz-theinterpretationofcultures-1973\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{\"Paper\":\"https://books.google.ch/books/about/The_Interpretation_Of_Cultures.html?id=BZ1BmKEHti0C&redir_esc=y\"},\"keyword\":[\"History / Historiography\",\"Literary Criticism / Semiotics & Theory\",\"Philosophy / Hermeneutics\",\"Social Science / Anthropology / Cultural & Social\",\"Social Science / Anthropology / General\",\"Social Science / Sociology / General\"],\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"article\",\"type\":\"article\",\"title\":\"Interpretation and the Sciences of Man\",\"volume\":\"25\",\"number\":\"1\",\"journal\":\"Review of Metaphysics\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Taylor\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Charles\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"year\":\"1971\",\"note\":\"Publisher: Philosophy Education Society\",\"pages\":\"3–51\",\"bibtex\":\"@article{taylor_interpretation_1971,\\n\\ttitle = {Interpretation and the {Sciences} of {Man}},\\n\\tvolume = {25},\\n\\tnumber = {1},\\n\\tjournal = {Review of Metaphysics},\\n\\tauthor = {Taylor, Charles},\\n\\tyear = {1971},\\n\\tnote = {Publisher: Philosophy Education Society},\\n\\tpages = {3--51},\\n}\\n\\n\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Taylor, C.\"],\"key\":\"taylor_interpretation_1971\",\"id\":\"taylor_interpretation_1971\",\"bibbaseid\":\"taylor-interpretationandthesciencesofman-1971\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{},\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"article\",\"type\":\"article\",\"title\":\"The Model of the Text: Meaningful Action Considered as a Text\",\"volume\":\"5\",\"issn\":\"0028-6087\",\"shorttitle\":\"The Model of the Text\",\"url\":\"https://www.jstor.org/stable/468410\",\"doi\":\"10.2307/468410\",\"number\":\"1\",\"urldate\":\"2024-08-13\",\"journal\":\"New Literary History\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Ricœur\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Paul\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"year\":\"1973\",\"note\":\"Publisher: Johns Hopkins University Press\",\"pages\":\"91–117\",\"bibtex\":\"@article{ricoeur_model_1973,\\n\\ttitle = {The {Model} of the {Text}: {Meaningful} {Action} {Considered} as a {Text}},\\n\\tvolume = {5},\\n\\tissn = {0028-6087},\\n\\tshorttitle = {The {Model} of the {Text}},\\n\\turl = {https://www.jstor.org/stable/468410},\\n\\tdoi = {10.2307/468410},\\n\\tnumber = {1},\\n\\turldate = {2024-08-13},\\n\\tjournal = {New Literary History},\\n\\tauthor = {Ricœur, Paul},\\n\\tyear = {1973},\\n\\tnote = {Publisher: Johns Hopkins University Press},\\n\\tpages = {91--117},\\n}\\n\\n\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Ricœur, P.\"],\"key\":\"ricoeur_model_1973\",\"id\":\"ricoeur_model_1973\",\"bibbaseid\":\"ricur-themodelofthetextmeaningfulactionconsideredasatext-1973\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{\"Paper\":\"https://www.jstor.org/stable/468410\"},\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"book\",\"type\":\"book\",\"address\":\"Chicago\",\"title\":\"The Structure of Scientific Revolutions\",\"isbn\":\"978-0-226-45814-4\",\"abstract\":\"“One of the most influential books of the 20th century,” the landmark study in the history of science with a new introduction by philosopher Ian Hacking (Guardian, UK).First published in 1962, Thomas Kuhn’s The Structure of Scientific Revolutions ”reshaped our understanding of the scientific enterprise and human inquiry in general.” In it, he challenged long-standing assumptions about scientific progress, arguing that transformative ideas don’t arise from the gradual process of experimentation and data accumulation, but instead occur outside of “normal science.” Though Kuhn was writing when physics ruled the sciences, his ideas on how scientific revolutions bring order to the anomalies that amass over time in research experiments are still instructive in today’s biotech age (Science).This new edition of Kuhn’s essential work includes an insightful introduction by Ian Hacking, which clarifies terms popularized by Kuhn, including “paradigm” and “incommensurability,” and applies Kuhn’s ideas to the science of today. Usefully keyed to the separate sections of the book, Hacking’s introduction provides important background information as well as a contemporary context. This newly designed edition also includes an expanded and updated index.\",\"language\":\"en\",\"publisher\":\"University of Chicago Press\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Kuhn\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Thomas\",\"S.\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"year\":\"1970\",\"note\":\"Google-Books-ID: 3eP5Y_OOuzwC\",\"keywords\":\"Science / General, Science / History, Science / Philosophy & Social Aspects\",\"bibtex\":\"@book{kuhn_structure_1970,\\n\\taddress = {Chicago},\\n\\ttitle = {The {Structure} of {Scientific} {Revolutions}},\\n\\tisbn = {978-0-226-45814-4},\\n\\tabstract = {“One of the most influential books of the 20th century,” the landmark study in the history of science with a new introduction by philosopher Ian Hacking (Guardian, UK).First published in 1962, Thomas Kuhn’s The Structure of Scientific Revolutions ”reshaped our understanding of the scientific enterprise and human inquiry in general.” In it, he challenged long-standing assumptions about scientific progress, arguing that transformative ideas don’t arise from the gradual process of experimentation and data accumulation, but instead occur outside of “normal science.” Though Kuhn was writing when physics ruled the sciences, his ideas on how scientific revolutions bring order to the anomalies that amass over time in research experiments are still instructive in today’s biotech age (Science).This new edition of Kuhn’s essential work includes an insightful introduction by Ian Hacking, which clarifies terms popularized by Kuhn, including “paradigm” and “incommensurability,” and applies Kuhn’s ideas to the science of today. Usefully keyed to the separate sections of the book, Hacking’s introduction provides important background information as well as a contemporary context. This newly designed edition also includes an expanded and updated index.},\\n\\tlanguage = {en},\\n\\tpublisher = {University of Chicago Press},\\n\\tauthor = {Kuhn, Thomas S.},\\n\\tyear = {1970},\\n\\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: 3eP5Y\\\\_OOuzwC},\\n\\tkeywords = {Science / General, Science / History, Science / Philosophy \\\\& Social Aspects},\\n}\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Kuhn, T. S.\"],\"key\":\"kuhn_structure_1970\",\"id\":\"kuhn_structure_1970\",\"bibbaseid\":\"kuhn-thestructureofscientificrevolutions-1970\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{},\"keyword\":[\"Science / General\",\"Science / History\",\"Science / Philosophy & Social Aspects\"],\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"book\",\"type\":\"book\",\"address\":\"Chicago, IL\",\"title\":\"The Tacit Dimension\",\"isbn\":\"978-0-226-67298-4\",\"url\":\"https://press.uchicago.edu/ucp/books/book/chicago/T/bo6035368.html\",\"abstract\":\"“I shall reconsider human knowledge by starting from the fact that we can know more than we can tell,” writes Michael Polanyi, whose work paved the way for the likes of Thomas Kuhn and Karl Popper. The Tacit Dimension argues that tacit knowledge—tradition, inherited practices, implied values, and prejudgments—is a crucial part of scientific knowledge. Back in print for a new generation of students and scholars, this volume challenges the assumption that skepticism, rather than established belief, lies at the heart of scientific discovery.“Polanyi’s work deserves serious attention. . . . [This is a] compact presentation of some of the essentials of his thought.”—Review of Metaphysics“Polanyi’s work is still relevant today and a closer examination of this theory that all knowledge has personal and tacit elements . . . can be used to support and refute a variety of widely held approaches to knowledge management.”—Electronic Journal of Knowledge\\\"The reissuing of this remarkable book give us a new opportunity to see how far-reaching—and foundational—Michael Polanyi’s ideas are, on some of the age-old questions in philosophy.\\\"—Amartya Sen, from the new Foreword\",\"language\":\"en\",\"urldate\":\"2024-08-13\",\"publisher\":\"University of Chicago Press\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Polanyi\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Michael\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"editor\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Sen\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Amartya\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"month\":\"May\",\"year\":\"2009\",\"bibtex\":\"@book{polanyi_tacit_2009,\\n\\taddress = {Chicago, IL},\\n\\ttitle = {The {Tacit} {Dimension}},\\n\\tisbn = {978-0-226-67298-4},\\n\\turl = {https://press.uchicago.edu/ucp/books/book/chicago/T/bo6035368.html},\\n\\tabstract = {“I shall reconsider human knowledge by starting from the fact that we can know more than we can tell,” writes Michael Polanyi, whose work paved the way for the likes of Thomas Kuhn and Karl Popper. The Tacit Dimension argues that tacit knowledge—tradition, inherited practices, implied values, and prejudgments—is a crucial part of scientific knowledge. Back in print for a new generation of students and scholars, this volume challenges the assumption that skepticism, rather than established belief, lies at the heart of scientific discovery.“Polanyi’s work deserves serious attention. . . . [This is a] compact presentation of some of the essentials of his thought.”—Review of Metaphysics“Polanyi’s work is still relevant today and a closer examination of this theory that all knowledge has personal and tacit elements . . . can be used to support and refute a variety of widely held approaches to knowledge management.”—Electronic Journal of Knowledge\\\"The reissuing of this remarkable book give us a new opportunity to see how far-reaching—and foundational—Michael Polanyi’s ideas are, on some of the age-old questions in philosophy.\\\"—Amartya Sen, from the new Foreword},\\n\\tlanguage = {en},\\n\\turldate = {2024-08-13},\\n\\tpublisher = {University of Chicago Press},\\n\\tauthor = {Polanyi, Michael},\\n\\teditor = {Sen, Amartya},\\n\\tmonth = may,\\n\\tyear = {2009},\\n}\\n\\n\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Polanyi, M.\"],\"editor_short\":[\"Sen, A.\"],\"key\":\"polanyi_tacit_2009\",\"id\":\"polanyi_tacit_2009\",\"bibbaseid\":\"polanyi-thetacitdimension-2009\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{\"Paper\":\"https://press.uchicago.edu/ucp/books/book/chicago/T/bo6035368.html\"},\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"book\",\"type\":\"book\",\"title\":\"The Social Construction of Reality: A Treatise in the Sociology of Knowledge\",\"isbn\":\"978-0-14-193163-0\",\"shorttitle\":\"The Social Construction of Reality\",\"abstract\":\"A general and systematic account of the role of knowledge in society aimed to stimulate both critical discussion and empirical investigations.This book is concerned with the sociology of ‘everything that passes for knowledge in society’. It focuses particularly on that ‘common-sense knowledge’ which constitutes the reality of everyday life for the ordinary member of society.The authors are concerned to present an analysis of knowledge in everyday life in the context of a theory of society as a dialectical process between objective and subjective reality. Their development of a theory of institutions, legitimations and socializations has implications beyond the discipline of sociology, and their ‘humanistic’ approach has considerable relevance for other social scientists, historians, philosophers and anthropologists.\",\"language\":\"en\",\"publisher\":\"Penguin UK\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Berger\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Peter\",\"L.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Luckmann\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Thomas\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"month\":\"March\",\"year\":\"1991\",\"note\":\"Google-Books-ID: rGg9mT_JNIEC\",\"keywords\":\"Philosophy / Epistemology, Social Science / Sociology / General\",\"bibtex\":\"@book{berger_social_1991,\\n\\ttitle = {The {Social} {Construction} of {Reality}: {A} {Treatise} in the {Sociology} of {Knowledge}},\\n\\tisbn = {978-0-14-193163-0},\\n\\tshorttitle = {The {Social} {Construction} of {Reality}},\\n\\tabstract = {A general and systematic account of the role of knowledge in society aimed to stimulate both critical discussion and empirical investigations.This book is concerned with the sociology of ‘everything that passes for knowledge in society’. It focuses particularly on that ‘common-sense knowledge’ which constitutes the reality of everyday life for the ordinary member of society.The authors are concerned to present an analysis of knowledge in everyday life in the context of a theory of society as a dialectical process between objective and subjective reality. Their development of a theory of institutions, legitimations and socializations has implications beyond the discipline of sociology, and their ‘humanistic’ approach has considerable relevance for other social scientists, historians, philosophers and anthropologists.},\\n\\tlanguage = {en},\\n\\tpublisher = {Penguin UK},\\n\\tauthor = {Berger, Peter L. and Luckmann, Thomas},\\n\\tmonth = mar,\\n\\tyear = {1991},\\n\\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: rGg9mT\\\\_JNIEC},\\n\\tkeywords = {Philosophy / Epistemology, Social Science / Sociology / General},\\n}\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Berger, P. L.\",\"Luckmann, T.\"],\"key\":\"berger_social_1991\",\"id\":\"berger_social_1991\",\"bibbaseid\":\"berger-luckmann-thesocialconstructionofrealityatreatiseinthesociologyofknowledge-1991\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{},\"keyword\":[\"Philosophy / Epistemology\",\"Social Science / Sociology / General\"],\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"article\",\"type\":\"article\",\"title\":\"Symposium: Teaching Interpretive Methods\",\"volume\":\"7\",\"abstract\":\"Newsletter of the American Political Science Association Organized Section for Qualitative and Multi-Method Research\",\"number\":\"1\",\"journal\":\"Qualitative & Multi-Method Research\",\"year\":\"2009\",\"bibtex\":\"@article{noauthor_symposium_2009,\\n\\ttitle = {Symposium: {Teaching} {Interpretive} {Methods}},\\n\\tvolume = {7},\\n\\tabstract = {Newsletter of the American Political Science Association Organized Section for Qualitative and Multi-Method Research},\\n\\tnumber = {1},\\n\\tjournal = {Qualitative \\\\& Multi-Method Research},\\n\\tyear = {2009},\\n}\\n\\n\\n\\n\",\"key\":\"noauthor_symposium_2009\",\"id\":\"noauthor_symposium_2009\",\"bibbaseid\":\"anonymous-symposiumteachinginterpretivemethods-2009\",\"role\":\"\",\"urls\":{},\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"book\",\"type\":\"book\",\"address\":\"London, UK\",\"title\":\"Myth and Narrative in International Politics: Interpretive Approaches to the Study of IR\",\"isbn\":\"978-1-137-53751-5\",\"shorttitle\":\"Myth and Narrative in International Politics\",\"abstract\":\"This book systematically explores how different theoretical concepts of myth can be utilised to interpretively explore contemporary international politics. From the international community to warlords, from participation to effectiveness – international politics is replete with powerful narratives and commonly held beliefs that qualify as myths. Rebutting the understanding of myth-as-lie, this collection of essays unearths the ideological, naturalising, and depoliticising effect of myths. Myth and Narrative in International Politics: Interpretive Approaches to the Study of IR offers conceptual and methodological guidance on how to make sense of different myth theories and how to employ them in order to explore the powerful collective imaginations and ambiguities that underpin international politics today. Further, it assembles case studies of specific myths in different fields of International Relations, including warfare, global governance, interventionism, development aid, and statebuilding. The findings challenge conventional assumptions in International Relations, encouraging academics in IR and across a range of different fields and disciplines, including development studies, global governance studies, strategic and military studies, intervention and statebuilding studies, and peace and conflict studies, to rethink ideas that are widely unquestioned by policy and academic communities.\",\"language\":\"en\",\"publisher\":\"Palgrave Macmillan UK\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[\"Bliesemann\",\"de\"],\"lastnames\":[\"Guevara\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Berit\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"month\":\"June\",\"year\":\"2016\",\"note\":\"Google-Books-ID: tSlxjwEACAAJ\",\"keywords\":\"Political Science / Intergovernmental Organizations, Political Science / International Relations / General, Political Science / Peace, Political Science / Public Policy / Military Policy, Technology & Engineering / Military Science\",\"bibtex\":\"@book{bliesemann_de_guevara_myth_2016,\\n\\taddress = {London, UK},\\n\\ttitle = {Myth and {Narrative} in {International} {Politics}: {Interpretive} {Approaches} to the {Study} of {IR}},\\n\\tisbn = {978-1-137-53751-5},\\n\\tshorttitle = {Myth and {Narrative} in {International} {Politics}},\\n\\tabstract = {This book systematically explores how different theoretical concepts of myth can be utilised to interpretively explore contemporary international politics. From the international community to warlords, from participation to effectiveness – international politics is replete with powerful narratives and commonly held beliefs that qualify as myths. Rebutting the understanding of myth-as-lie, this collection of essays unearths the ideological, naturalising, and depoliticising effect of myths. Myth and Narrative in International Politics:  Interpretive Approaches to the Study of IR offers conceptual and methodological guidance on how to make sense of different myth theories and how to employ them in order to explore the powerful collective imaginations and ambiguities that underpin international politics today. Further, it assembles case studies of specific myths in different fields of International Relations, including warfare, global governance, interventionism, development aid, and statebuilding. The findings challenge conventional assumptions in International Relations, encouraging academics in IR and across a range of different fields and disciplines, including development studies, global governance studies, strategic and military studies, intervention and statebuilding studies, and peace and conflict studies, to rethink ideas that are widely unquestioned by policy and academic communities.},\\n\\tlanguage = {en},\\n\\tpublisher = {Palgrave Macmillan UK},\\n\\tauthor = {Bliesemann de Guevara, Berit},\\n\\tmonth = jun,\\n\\tyear = {2016},\\n\\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: tSlxjwEACAAJ},\\n\\tkeywords = {Political Science / Intergovernmental Organizations, Political Science / International Relations / General, Political Science / Peace, Political Science / Public Policy / Military Policy, Technology \\\\& Engineering / Military Science},\\n}\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Bliesemann de Guevara, B.\"],\"key\":\"bliesemann_de_guevara_myth_2016\",\"id\":\"bliesemann_de_guevara_myth_2016\",\"bibbaseid\":\"bliesemanndeguevara-mythandnarrativeininternationalpoliticsinterpretiveapproachestothestudyofir-2016\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{},\"keyword\":[\"Political Science / Intergovernmental Organizations\",\"Political Science / International Relations / General\",\"Political Science / Peace\",\"Political Science / Public Policy / Military Policy\",\"Technology & Engineering / Military Science\"],\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"article\",\"type\":\"article\",\"title\":\"Steven Lubet’s American dilemma\",\"volume\":\"9\",\"issn\":\"2156-5503\",\"url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1080/21565503.2021.1962373\",\"doi\":\"10.1080/21565503.2021.1962373\",\"abstract\":\"This essay examines the ideological underpinnings of Steven Lubet’s Interrogating Ethnography. I argue that Lubet’s text draws from an ideological tradition best exemplified by An American Dilemma, Gunnar Myrdal’s influential 1944 study of U.S. race relations. This tradition posits the notion of an enduring and egalitarian American Creed, which ensures that the United States’ liberal-democratic institutions are fundamentally decent and fair in principle. I show how an unsubstantiated belief in the American Creed informs Lubet’s claims about contemporary ethnographic research and, in doing so, limits the usefulness of his text. Ultimately, I conclude, Interrogating Ethnography epitomizes the ways in which troublesome ideological frameworks continue to shape debates about social science methodology.\",\"number\":\"4\",\"urldate\":\"2024-08-12\",\"journal\":\"Politics, Groups, and Identities\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Forrest\"],\"firstnames\":[\"David\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"month\":\"August\",\"year\":\"2021\",\"note\":\"Publisher: Routledge _eprint: https://doi.org/10.1080/21565503.2021.1962373\",\"keywords\":\"American creed, Gunnar Myrdal, Steven Lubet, urban ethnography\",\"pages\":\"866–872\",\"bibtex\":\"@article{forrest_steven_2021,\\n\\ttitle = {Steven {Lubet}’s {American} dilemma},\\n\\tvolume = {9},\\n\\tissn = {2156-5503},\\n\\turl = {https://doi.org/10.1080/21565503.2021.1962373},\\n\\tdoi = {10.1080/21565503.2021.1962373},\\n\\tabstract = {This essay examines the ideological underpinnings of Steven Lubet’s Interrogating Ethnography. I argue that Lubet’s text draws from an ideological tradition best exemplified by An American Dilemma, Gunnar Myrdal’s influential 1944 study of U.S. race relations. This tradition posits the notion of an enduring and egalitarian American Creed, which ensures that the United States’ liberal-democratic institutions are fundamentally decent and fair in principle. I show how an unsubstantiated belief in the American Creed informs Lubet’s claims about contemporary ethnographic research and, in doing so, limits the usefulness of his text. Ultimately, I conclude, Interrogating Ethnography epitomizes the ways in which troublesome ideological frameworks continue to shape debates about social science methodology.},\\n\\tnumber = {4},\\n\\turldate = {2024-08-12},\\n\\tjournal = {Politics, Groups, and Identities},\\n\\tauthor = {Forrest, David},\\n\\tmonth = aug,\\n\\tyear = {2021},\\n\\tnote = {Publisher: Routledge\\n\\\\_eprint: https://doi.org/10.1080/21565503.2021.1962373},\\n\\tkeywords = {American creed, Gunnar Myrdal, Steven Lubet, urban ethnography},\\n\\tpages = {866--872},\\n}\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Forrest, D.\"],\"key\":\"forrest_steven_2021-1\",\"id\":\"forrest_steven_2021-1\",\"bibbaseid\":\"forrest-stevenlubetsamericandilemma-2021\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{\"Paper\":\"https://doi.org/10.1080/21565503.2021.1962373\"},\"keyword\":[\"American creed\",\"Gunnar Myrdal\",\"Steven Lubet\",\"urban ethnography\"],\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"article\",\"type\":\"article\",\"title\":\"Trying Lubet's ethnography: On methodology, writing, and ethics\",\"volume\":\"9\",\"issn\":\"2156-5503\",\"shorttitle\":\"Trying Lubet's ethnography\",\"url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1080/21565503.2021.1963993\",\"doi\":\"10.1080/21565503.2021.1963993\",\"number\":\"4\",\"urldate\":\"2024-08-12\",\"journal\":\"Politics, Groups, and Identities\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Yanow\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Dvora\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"month\":\"August\",\"year\":\"2021\",\"note\":\"Publisher: Routledge _eprint: https://doi.org/10.1080/21565503.2021.1963993\",\"pages\":\"858–865\",\"bibtex\":\"@article{yanow_trying_2021,\\n\\ttitle = {Trying {Lubet}'s ethnography: {On} methodology, writing, and ethics},\\n\\tvolume = {9},\\n\\tissn = {2156-5503},\\n\\tshorttitle = {Trying {Lubet}'s ethnography},\\n\\turl = {https://doi.org/10.1080/21565503.2021.1963993},\\n\\tdoi = {10.1080/21565503.2021.1963993},\\n\\tnumber = {4},\\n\\turldate = {2024-08-12},\\n\\tjournal = {Politics, Groups, and Identities},\\n\\tauthor = {Yanow, Dvora},\\n\\tmonth = aug,\\n\\tyear = {2021},\\n\\tnote = {Publisher: Routledge\\n\\\\_eprint: https://doi.org/10.1080/21565503.2021.1963993},\\n\\tpages = {858--865},\\n}\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Yanow, D.\"],\"key\":\"yanow_trying_2021-1\",\"id\":\"yanow_trying_2021-1\",\"bibbaseid\":\"yanow-tryinglubetsethnographyonmethodologywritingandethics-2021\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{\"Paper\":\"https://doi.org/10.1080/21565503.2021.1963993\"},\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"article\",\"type\":\"article\",\"title\":\"Sources of evidence and openness in field-intensive research on violent conflict\",\"volume\":\"9\",\"issn\":\"2156-5503\",\"url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1080/21565503.2021.1950015\",\"doi\":\"10.1080/21565503.2021.1950015\",\"abstract\":\"This article engages with Steven Lubet’s arguments in Interrogating Ethnography on reliability of evidence and replication of findings in ethnographic research. It draws on eight months of immersive fieldwork on Abkhaz mobilization in the Georgian-Abkhaz war of 1992–1993 to show that field-intensive researchers who work on sensitive political topics leverage multiple sources to develop their insights and engage in reflexivity while prioritizing the safety of their research participants. It is these practices that underlie the trustworthiness of research and form the basis for the evaluation of research results rather than verification standards proposed by Lubet that do not, and cannot, apply to this kind of research.\",\"number\":\"4\",\"urldate\":\"2024-08-12\",\"journal\":\"Politics, Groups, and Identities\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Shesterinina\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Anastasia\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"month\":\"August\",\"year\":\"2021\",\"note\":\"Publisher: Routledge _eprint: https://doi.org/10.1080/21565503.2021.1950015\",\"keywords\":\"Ethnographic, methods, political knowledge, political violence\",\"pages\":\"851–857\",\"bibtex\":\"@article{shesterinina_sources_2021,\\n\\ttitle = {Sources of evidence and openness in field-intensive research on violent conflict},\\n\\tvolume = {9},\\n\\tissn = {2156-5503},\\n\\turl = {https://doi.org/10.1080/21565503.2021.1950015},\\n\\tdoi = {10.1080/21565503.2021.1950015},\\n\\tabstract = {This article engages with Steven Lubet’s arguments in Interrogating Ethnography on reliability of evidence and replication of findings in ethnographic research. It draws on eight months of immersive fieldwork on Abkhaz mobilization in the Georgian-Abkhaz war of 1992–1993 to show that field-intensive researchers who work on sensitive political topics leverage multiple sources to develop their insights and engage in reflexivity while prioritizing the safety of their research participants. It is these practices that underlie the trustworthiness of research and form the basis for the evaluation of research results rather than verification standards proposed by Lubet that do not, and cannot, apply to this kind of research.},\\n\\tnumber = {4},\\n\\turldate = {2024-08-12},\\n\\tjournal = {Politics, Groups, and Identities},\\n\\tauthor = {Shesterinina, Anastasia},\\n\\tmonth = aug,\\n\\tyear = {2021},\\n\\tnote = {Publisher: Routledge\\n\\\\_eprint: https://doi.org/10.1080/21565503.2021.1950015},\\n\\tkeywords = {Ethnographic, methods, political knowledge, political violence},\\n\\tpages = {851--857},\\n}\\n\\n\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Shesterinina, A.\"],\"key\":\"shesterinina_sources_2021-1\",\"id\":\"shesterinina_sources_2021-1\",\"bibbaseid\":\"shesterinina-sourcesofevidenceandopennessinfieldintensiveresearchonviolentconflict-2021\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{\"Paper\":\"https://doi.org/10.1080/21565503.2021.1950015\"},\"keyword\":[\"Ethnographic\",\"methods\",\"political knowledge\",\"political violence\"],\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"article\",\"type\":\"article\",\"title\":\"Interpretive sufficiency: where evidence in journalism and ethnography meet\",\"volume\":\"9\",\"issn\":\"2156-5503\",\"shorttitle\":\"Interpretive sufficiency\",\"url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1080/21565503.2021.1960868\",\"doi\":\"10.1080/21565503.2021.1960868\",\"abstract\":\"In Interrogating Ethnography, Steven Lubet urges ethnographers to adopt norms of journalism to improve their standards of accuracy and ethics. I examine the purpose and separate evolutions of ethnography and journalism to understand why they have standards of evidence that appear contradictory. The reasons are both epistemological and ethical. The controversies over facts and ethics in Alice Goffman’s book On the Run illustrate this divide. Yet ethnography and journalism both underwent an interpretive turn in the past half-century, each borrowing from the other. In both journalism and ethnography, interpretive approaches embrace the understanding that humans interpret reality and that power relations affect whose knowledge prevails as truth. Professional codes of ethics are negotiated sets of norms that need continual discussion to meet the demands of interpretive approaches. Lubet’s analysis reinforces an outdated mythology that “facts” can be established with clear sets of rules untouched by power and ideologies, but ethnography and long-form journalism point to interpretive sufficiency as a standard more consistent with the realities of complex communities.\",\"number\":\"4\",\"urldate\":\"2024-08-12\",\"journal\":\"Politics, Groups, and Identities\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Batt\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Sharon\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"month\":\"August\",\"year\":\"2021\",\"note\":\"Publisher: Routledge _eprint: https://doi.org/10.1080/21565503.2021.1960868\",\"keywords\":\"Ethnography, accuracy, ethics, interpretive, journalism, standards\",\"pages\":\"841–850\",\"bibtex\":\"@article{batt_interpretive_2021,\\n\\ttitle = {Interpretive sufficiency: where evidence in journalism and ethnography meet},\\n\\tvolume = {9},\\n\\tissn = {2156-5503},\\n\\tshorttitle = {Interpretive sufficiency},\\n\\turl = {https://doi.org/10.1080/21565503.2021.1960868},\\n\\tdoi = {10.1080/21565503.2021.1960868},\\n\\tabstract = {In Interrogating Ethnography, Steven Lubet urges ethnographers to adopt norms of journalism to improve their standards of accuracy and ethics. I examine the purpose and separate evolutions of ethnography and journalism to understand why they have standards of evidence that appear contradictory. The reasons are both epistemological and ethical. The controversies over facts and ethics in Alice Goffman’s book On the Run illustrate this divide. Yet ethnography and journalism both underwent an interpretive turn in the past half-century, each borrowing from the other. In both journalism and ethnography, interpretive approaches embrace the understanding that humans interpret reality and that power relations affect whose knowledge prevails as truth. Professional codes of ethics are negotiated sets of norms that need continual discussion to meet the demands of interpretive approaches. Lubet’s analysis reinforces an outdated mythology that “facts” can be established with clear sets of rules untouched by power and ideologies, but ethnography and long-form journalism point to interpretive sufficiency as a standard more consistent with the realities of complex communities.},\\n\\tnumber = {4},\\n\\turldate = {2024-08-12},\\n\\tjournal = {Politics, Groups, and Identities},\\n\\tauthor = {Batt, Sharon},\\n\\tmonth = aug,\\n\\tyear = {2021},\\n\\tnote = {Publisher: Routledge\\n\\\\_eprint: https://doi.org/10.1080/21565503.2021.1960868},\\n\\tkeywords = {Ethnography, accuracy, ethics, interpretive, journalism, standards},\\n\\tpages = {841--850},\\n}\\n\\n\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Batt, S.\"],\"key\":\"batt_interpretive_2021-1\",\"id\":\"batt_interpretive_2021-1\",\"bibbaseid\":\"batt-interpretivesufficiencywhereevidenceinjournalismandethnographymeet-2021\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{\"Paper\":\"https://doi.org/10.1080/21565503.2021.1960868\"},\"keyword\":[\"Ethnography\",\"accuracy\",\"ethics\",\"interpretive\",\"journalism\",\"standards\"],\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"article\",\"type\":\"article\",\"title\":\"Reading paperwork realistically\",\"volume\":\"9\",\"issn\":\"2156-5503\",\"url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1080/21565503.2021.1960869\",\"doi\":\"10.1080/21565503.2021.1960869\",\"abstract\":\"According to Steven Lubet, documentation freezes facts in time. For this reason, it is, he thinks, more reliable than other kinds of evidence. That makes it especially useful for fact checking. However, this is not a realistic way to read for evidence in documents. It ignores or downplays a crucial fact that inheres to all paperwork, which ethnographers have long heeded: documents do not report on facts; they render them. Ethnographically informed readings of paperwork that attend both to facts and to how they are rendered are, by contrast, realistic. In this contribution, I discuss why and illustrate with reference to two studies of policing and law in Thailand.\",\"number\":\"4\",\"urldate\":\"2024-08-12\",\"journal\":\"Politics, Groups, and Identities\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Cheesman\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Nick\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"month\":\"August\",\"year\":\"2021\",\"note\":\"Publisher: Routledge _eprint: https://doi.org/10.1080/21565503.2021.1960869\",\"keywords\":\"Steven Lubet, Thailand, ethnography, paperwork, realism, state violence\",\"pages\":\"835–840\",\"bibtex\":\"@article{cheesman_reading_2021,\\n\\ttitle = {Reading paperwork realistically},\\n\\tvolume = {9},\\n\\tissn = {2156-5503},\\n\\turl = {https://doi.org/10.1080/21565503.2021.1960869},\\n\\tdoi = {10.1080/21565503.2021.1960869},\\n\\tabstract = {According to Steven Lubet, documentation freezes facts in time. For this reason, it is, he thinks, more reliable than other kinds of evidence. That makes it especially useful for fact checking. However, this is not a realistic way to read for evidence in documents. It ignores or downplays a crucial fact that inheres to all paperwork, which ethnographers have long heeded: documents do not report on facts; they render them. Ethnographically informed readings of paperwork that attend both to facts and to how they are rendered are, by contrast, realistic. In this contribution, I discuss why and illustrate with reference to two studies of policing and law in Thailand.},\\n\\tnumber = {4},\\n\\turldate = {2024-08-12},\\n\\tjournal = {Politics, Groups, and Identities},\\n\\tauthor = {Cheesman, Nick},\\n\\tmonth = aug,\\n\\tyear = {2021},\\n\\tnote = {Publisher: Routledge\\n\\\\_eprint: https://doi.org/10.1080/21565503.2021.1960869},\\n\\tkeywords = {Steven Lubet, Thailand, ethnography, paperwork, realism, state violence},\\n\\tpages = {835--840},\\n}\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Cheesman, N.\"],\"key\":\"cheesman_reading_2021-1\",\"id\":\"cheesman_reading_2021-1\",\"bibbaseid\":\"cheesman-readingpaperworkrealistically-2021\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{\"Paper\":\"https://doi.org/10.1080/21565503.2021.1960869\"},\"keyword\":[\"Steven Lubet\",\"Thailand\",\"ethnography\",\"paperwork\",\"realism\",\"state violence\"],\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"article\",\"type\":\"article\",\"title\":\"Ethnography on Trial: Introduction to the Dialogue\",\"volume\":\"9\",\"issn\":\"2156-5503\",\"shorttitle\":\"Ethnography on Trial\",\"url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1080/21565503.2021.1963992\",\"doi\":\"10.1080/21565503.2021.1963992\",\"number\":\"4\",\"urldate\":\"2024-08-12\",\"journal\":\"Politics, Groups, and Identities\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Yanow\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Dvora\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"month\":\"August\",\"year\":\"2021\",\"note\":\"Publisher: Routledge _eprint: https://doi.org/10.1080/21565503.2021.1963992\",\"pages\":\"826–834\",\"bibtex\":\"@article{yanow_ethnography_2021,\\n\\ttitle = {Ethnography on {Trial}: {Introduction} to the {Dialogue}},\\n\\tvolume = {9},\\n\\tissn = {2156-5503},\\n\\tshorttitle = {Ethnography on {Trial}},\\n\\turl = {https://doi.org/10.1080/21565503.2021.1963992},\\n\\tdoi = {10.1080/21565503.2021.1963992},\\n\\tnumber = {4},\\n\\turldate = {2024-08-12},\\n\\tjournal = {Politics, Groups, and Identities},\\n\\tauthor = {Yanow, Dvora},\\n\\tmonth = aug,\\n\\tyear = {2021},\\n\\tnote = {Publisher: Routledge\\n\\\\_eprint: https://doi.org/10.1080/21565503.2021.1963992},\\n\\tpages = {826--834},\\n}\\n\\n\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Yanow, D.\"],\"key\":\"yanow_ethnography_2021-1\",\"id\":\"yanow_ethnography_2021-1\",\"bibbaseid\":\"yanow-ethnographyontrialintroductiontothedialogue-2021\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{\"Paper\":\"https://doi.org/10.1080/21565503.2021.1963992\"},\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"book\",\"type\":\"book\",\"title\":\"Killing Neighbors: Webs of Violence in Rwanda\",\"isbn\":\"978-0-8014-4705-1\",\"url\":\"http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.7591/j.ctt7z7s5\",\"abstract\":\"A fine contribution to the literature on the Rwandan genocide and offers a different kind of explanation for what occurred that accommodates the differentiation in actions among Hutu at the local level. This micro-sociological approach is welcome as community level understandings of the political can be quite different from centralized narratives. It is difficult to imagine a situation in which it is more important to capture both perspectives than the Rwandan genocide. ― Sandra Joireman ― \\\\textlessem\\\\textgreaterNations and Nationalism\\\\textless/em\\\\textgreater\\\\textless/strong\\\\textgreater In the horrific events of the mid-1990s in Rwanda, tens of thousands of Hutu killed their Tutsi friends, neighbors, even family members. That ghastly violence has overshadowed a fact almost as noteworthy: that hundreds of thousands of Hutu killed no one. In a transformative revisiting of the motives behind and specific contexts surrounding the Rwandan genocide, Lee Ann Fujii focuses on individual actions rather than sweeping categories. Fujii argues that ethnic hatred and fear do not satisfactorily explain the mobilization of Rwandans one against another. Fujii's extensive interviews in Rwandan prisons and two rural communities form the basis for her claim that mass participation in the genocide was not the result of ethnic antagonisms. Rather, the social context of action was critical. Strong group dynamics and established local ties shaped patterns of recruitment for and participation in the genocide. This web of social interactions bound people to power holders and killing groups. People joined and continued to participate in the genocide over time, Fujii shows, because killing in large groups conferred identity on those who acted destructively. The perpetrators of the genocide produced new groups centered on destroying prior bonds by killing kith and kin. In the horrific events of the mid-1990s in Rwanda, tens of thousands of Hutu killed their Tutsi friends, neighbors, even family members. That ghastly violence has overshadowed a fact almost as noteworthy: that hundreds of thousands of Hutu killed no one. In a transformative revisiting of the motives behind and specific contexts surrounding the Rwandan genocide, Lee Ann Fujii focuses on individual actions rather than sweeping categories. Fujii argues that ethnic hatred and fear do not satisfactorily explain the mobilization of Rwandans one against another. Fujii's extensive interviews in Rwandan prisons and two rural communities form the basis for her claim that mass participation in the genocide was not the result of ethnic antagonisms. Rather, the social context of action was critical. Strong group dynamics and established local ties shaped patterns of recruitment for and participation in the genocide. This web of social interactions bound people to power holders and killing groups. People joined and continued to participate in the genocide over time, Fujii shows, because killing in large groups conferred identity on those who acted destructively. The perpetrators of the genocide produced new groups centered on destroying prior bonds by killing kith and kin.\",\"urldate\":\"2024-08-11\",\"publisher\":\"Cornell University Press\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Fujii\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Lee\",\"Ann\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"year\":\"2009\",\"bibtex\":\"@book{fujii_killing_2009,\\n\\ttitle = {Killing {Neighbors}: {Webs} of {Violence} in {Rwanda}},\\n\\tisbn = {978-0-8014-4705-1},\\n\\turl = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.7591/j.ctt7z7s5},\\n\\tabstract = {A fine contribution to the literature on the Rwandan genocide and offers a different kind of explanation for what occurred that accommodates the differentiation in actions among Hutu at the local level. This micro-sociological approach is welcome as community level understandings of the\\npolitical can be quite different from centralized narratives. It is difficult to imagine a situation in which it is more important to capture both perspectives than the Rwandan genocide. ― Sandra\\nJoireman ― {\\\\textless}em{\\\\textgreater}Nations and Nationalism{\\\\textless}/em{\\\\textgreater}{\\\\textless}/strong{\\\\textgreater}\\n\\nIn the horrific events of the mid-1990s in Rwanda, tens of\\nthousands of Hutu killed their Tutsi friends, neighbors, even\\nfamily members. That ghastly violence has overshadowed a fact\\nalmost as noteworthy: that hundreds of thousands of Hutu killed no one. In a transformative revisiting of the motives behind and\\nspecific contexts surrounding the Rwandan genocide, Lee Ann Fujii focuses on individual actions rather than sweeping categories.\\n\\nFujii argues that ethnic hatred and fear do not satisfactorily\\nexplain the mobilization of Rwandans one against another. Fujii's extensive interviews in Rwandan prisons and two rural communities form the basis for her claim that mass participation in the\\ngenocide was not the result of ethnic antagonisms. Rather, the\\nsocial context of action was critical. Strong group dynamics and\\nestablished local ties shaped patterns of recruitment for and\\nparticipation in the genocide.\\n\\nThis web of social interactions bound people to power holders\\nand killing groups. People joined and continued to participate in the genocide over time, Fujii shows, because killing in large\\ngroups conferred identity on those who acted destructively. The\\nperpetrators of the genocide produced new groups centered on\\ndestroying prior bonds by killing kith and kin.\\n\\nIn the horrific events of the mid-1990s in Rwanda, tens of\\nthousands of Hutu killed their Tutsi friends, neighbors, even\\nfamily members. That ghastly violence has overshadowed a fact\\nalmost as noteworthy: that hundreds of thousands of Hutu killed no one. In a transformative revisiting of the motives behind and\\nspecific contexts surrounding the Rwandan genocide, Lee Ann Fujii focuses on individual actions rather than sweeping categories.\\n\\nFujii argues that ethnic hatred and fear do not satisfactorily\\nexplain the mobilization of Rwandans one against another. Fujii's extensive interviews in Rwandan prisons and two rural communities form the basis for her claim that mass participation in the\\ngenocide was not the result of ethnic antagonisms. Rather, the\\nsocial context of action was critical. Strong group dynamics and\\nestablished local ties shaped patterns of recruitment for and\\nparticipation in the genocide.\\n\\nThis web of social interactions bound people to power holders\\nand killing groups. People joined and continued to participate in the genocide over time, Fujii shows, because killing in large\\ngroups conferred identity on those who acted destructively. The\\nperpetrators of the genocide produced new groups centered on\\ndestroying prior bonds by killing kith and kin.},\\n\\turldate = {2024-08-11},\\n\\tpublisher = {Cornell University Press},\\n\\tauthor = {Fujii, Lee Ann},\\n\\tyear = {2009},\\n}\\n\\n\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Fujii, L. A.\"],\"key\":\"fujii_killing_2009\",\"id\":\"fujii_killing_2009\",\"bibbaseid\":\"fujii-killingneighborswebsofviolenceinrwanda-2009\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{\"Paper\":\"http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.7591/j.ctt7z7s5\"},\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"article\",\"type\":\"article\",\"title\":\"Combing the same beach: Analytic eclecticism and the challenge of theoretical multilingualism\",\"volume\":\"75\",\"issn\":\"0020-7020\",\"shorttitle\":\"Combing the same beach\",\"url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1177/0020702020960123\",\"doi\":\"10.1177/0020702020960123\",\"abstract\":\"Sil and Katzenstein present analytic eclecticism as a pragmatic, problem-driven, policy-oriented heuristic, posed against the paradigmatism and parsimony inhibiting the study of world politics. I argue that Sil and Katzenstein’s approach is both promising (in that it is one of the more flexible available frameworks to bring separate research traditions into fruitful dialogue) and potentially problematic (if it limits itself to the triad of realism, liberalism, and constructivism). Informed by a recent methodological turn in post-positivist International Relations (IR) and Political Science, this essay takes seriously eclecticism’s commitment to theoretical multilingualism by imagining an eclectic engagement beyond the heuristic’s original purview and calling for eclectic attention to reflexivity, constitutive theorizing, and the dynamics of power and ethics. The article reflects on existing disciplinary power dynamics and disparities and the urgent demand for scholars to more fully contribute to developing effective approaches to real-world threats, such as climate change.\",\"language\":\"en\",\"number\":\"3\",\"urldate\":\"2024-08-12\",\"journal\":\"International Journal\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Blanchard\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Eric\",\"M.\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"month\":\"September\",\"year\":\"2020\",\"note\":\"Publisher: SAGE Publications Ltd\",\"pages\":\"404–419\",\"bibtex\":\"@article{blanchard_combing_2020,\\n\\ttitle = {Combing the same beach: {Analytic} eclecticism and the challenge of theoretical multilingualism},\\n\\tvolume = {75},\\n\\tissn = {0020-7020},\\n\\tshorttitle = {Combing the same beach},\\n\\turl = {https://doi.org/10.1177/0020702020960123},\\n\\tdoi = {10.1177/0020702020960123},\\n\\tabstract = {Sil and Katzenstein present analytic eclecticism as a pragmatic, problem-driven, policy-oriented heuristic, posed against the paradigmatism and parsimony inhibiting the study of world politics. I argue that Sil and Katzenstein’s approach is both promising (in that it is one of the more flexible available frameworks to bring separate research traditions into fruitful dialogue) and potentially problematic (if it limits itself to the triad of realism, liberalism, and constructivism). Informed by a recent methodological turn in post-positivist International Relations (IR) and Political Science, this essay takes seriously eclecticism’s commitment to theoretical multilingualism by imagining an eclectic engagement beyond the heuristic’s original purview and calling for eclectic attention to reflexivity, constitutive theorizing, and the dynamics of power and ethics. The article reflects on existing disciplinary power dynamics and disparities and the urgent demand for scholars to more fully contribute to developing effective approaches to real-world threats, such as climate change.},\\n\\tlanguage = {en},\\n\\tnumber = {3},\\n\\turldate = {2024-08-12},\\n\\tjournal = {International Journal},\\n\\tauthor = {Blanchard, Eric M.},\\n\\tmonth = sep,\\n\\tyear = {2020},\\n\\tnote = {Publisher: SAGE Publications Ltd},\\n\\tpages = {404--419},\\n}\\n\\n\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Blanchard, E. M.\"],\"key\":\"blanchard_combing_2020\",\"id\":\"blanchard_combing_2020\",\"bibbaseid\":\"blanchard-combingthesamebeachanalyticeclecticismandthechallengeoftheoreticalmultilingualism-2020\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{\"Paper\":\"https://doi.org/10.1177/0020702020960123\"},\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"incollection\",\"type\":\"incollection\",\"address\":\"London, UK\",\"edition\":\"2\",\"title\":\"Choosing an Appropriate Research Strategy\",\"isbn\":\"978-1-352-00806-7\",\"url\":\"https://www.bloomsbury.com/us/analyzing-foreign-policy-9781352008067/\",\"booktitle\":\"Analyzing foreign policy\",\"publisher\":\"Bloomsbury Publishing\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Beach\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Derek\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Pederson\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Rasmus\",\"Brun\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"editor\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Beach\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Derek\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"year\":\"2019\",\"pages\":\"35–66\",\"bibtex\":\"@incollection{beach_choosing_2019,\\n\\taddress = {London, UK},\\n\\tedition = {2},\\n\\ttitle = {Choosing an {Appropriate} {Research} {Strategy}},\\n\\tisbn = {978-1-352-00806-7},\\n\\turl = {https://www.bloomsbury.com/us/analyzing-foreign-policy-9781352008067/},\\n\\tbooktitle = {Analyzing foreign policy},\\n\\tpublisher = {Bloomsbury Publishing},\\n\\tauthor = {Beach, Derek and Pederson, Rasmus Brun},\\n\\teditor = {Beach, Derek},\\n\\tyear = {2019},\\n\\tpages = {35--66},\\n}\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Beach, D.\",\"Pederson, R. B.\"],\"editor_short\":[\"Beach, D.\"],\"key\":\"beach_choosing_2019\",\"id\":\"beach_choosing_2019\",\"bibbaseid\":\"beach-pederson-choosinganappropriateresearchstrategy-2019\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{\"Paper\":\"https://www.bloomsbury.com/us/analyzing-foreign-policy-9781352008067/\"},\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"incollection\",\"type\":\"incollection\",\"address\":\"Armonk, NY\",\"title\":\"The West Is the Best: Occidentalism and Postwar German Reconstruction\",\"isbn\":\"978-1-315-29109-3\",\"shorttitle\":\"The West Is the Best\",\"url\":\"https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781315291093-10/west-best-occidentalism-postwar-german-reconstruction-patrick-thaddeus-jackson\",\"abstract\":\"The West Is the Best: Occidentalism and Postwar German Reconstruction - 1\",\"language\":\"en\",\"urldate\":\"2024-08-12\",\"booktitle\":\"Constructivism and Comparative Politics\",\"publisher\":\"M.E. Sharpe\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Jackson\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Patrick\",\"Thaddeus\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"editor\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Green\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Daniel\",\"M.\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"month\":\"September\",\"year\":\"2016\",\"doi\":\"10.4324/9781315291093-10\",\"pages\":\"230–264\",\"bibtex\":\"@incollection{jackson_west_2016,\\n\\taddress = {Armonk, NY},\\n\\ttitle = {The {West} {Is} the {Best}: {Occidentalism} and {Postwar} {German} {Reconstruction}},\\n\\tisbn = {978-1-315-29109-3},\\n\\tshorttitle = {The {West} {Is} the {Best}},\\n\\turl = {https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781315291093-10/west-best-occidentalism-postwar-german-reconstruction-patrick-thaddeus-jackson},\\n\\tabstract = {The West Is the Best: Occidentalism and Postwar German Reconstruction - 1},\\n\\tlanguage = {en},\\n\\turldate = {2024-08-12},\\n\\tbooktitle = {Constructivism and {Comparative} {Politics}},\\n\\tpublisher = {M.E. Sharpe},\\n\\tauthor = {Jackson, Patrick Thaddeus},\\n\\teditor = {Green, Daniel M.},\\n\\tmonth = sep,\\n\\tyear = {2016},\\n\\tdoi = {10.4324/9781315291093-10},\\n\\tpages = {230--264},\\n}\\n\\n\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Jackson, P. T.\"],\"editor_short\":[\"Green, D. M.\"],\"key\":\"jackson_west_2016\",\"id\":\"jackson_west_2016\",\"bibbaseid\":\"jackson-thewestisthebestoccidentalismandpostwargermanreconstruction-2016\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{\"Paper\":\"https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781315291093-10/west-best-occidentalism-postwar-german-reconstruction-patrick-thaddeus-jackson\"},\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"article\",\"type\":\"article\",\"title\":\"Women in parliaments in the Pacific region\",\"volume\":\"49\",\"issn\":\"1036-1146\",\"url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1080/10361146.2014.895796\",\"doi\":\"10.1080/10361146.2014.895796\",\"abstract\":\"The island states of the Pacific region are at the bottom of the international league table for the representation of women in parliament. Despite considerable efforts by international agencies and donor governments and by women of the region, progress on increasing representation is extraordinarily slow. Three major explanations for these low levels of representation can be identified. The most common explanation relates to cultural beliefs, while a second account locates the problem in women's socio-economic status. The third explanation argues that there are obstacles for women in the electoral and parliamentary institutions that warrant the introduction of legislated minimum representation of women. Each of these explanations contributes value to our understanding but each also has significant deficiencies, which are identified in the article. 就议会的妇女代表性而论，太平洋地区的岛屿国家可谓国际圆桌会议的垫底。尽管有国际机构和捐助国以及该地区女性的坚持不懈，提高妇女代表性的进展格外缓慢。对于这种低水平的代表性可以有三种解释。最常见的解释与文化观念有关，第二种强调妇女的社会经济地位。第三种解释认为，选举以及议会体制中存在一些障碍，使得妇女的代表性在立法上被最小化。三种解释都有助于我们对问题的理解，但它们又都存在着本文所指出的重要缺陷。\",\"number\":\"2\",\"urldate\":\"2024-08-12\",\"journal\":\"Australian Journal of Political Science\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Zetlin\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Diane\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"month\":\"April\",\"year\":\"2014\",\"note\":\"Publisher: Routledge _eprint: https://doi.org/10.1080/10361146.2014.895796\",\"keywords\":\"Pacific islands, gender, parliaments\",\"pages\":\"252–266\",\"bibtex\":\"@article{zetlin_women_2014,\\n\\ttitle = {Women in parliaments in the {Pacific} region},\\n\\tvolume = {49},\\n\\tissn = {1036-1146},\\n\\turl = {https://doi.org/10.1080/10361146.2014.895796},\\n\\tdoi = {10.1080/10361146.2014.895796},\\n\\tabstract = {The island states of the Pacific region are at the bottom of the international league table for the representation of women in parliament. Despite considerable efforts by international agencies and donor governments and by women of the region, progress on increasing representation is extraordinarily slow. Three major explanations for these low levels of representation can be identified. The most common explanation relates to cultural beliefs, while a second account locates the problem in women's socio-economic status. The third explanation argues that there are obstacles for women in the electoral and parliamentary institutions that warrant the introduction of legislated minimum representation of women. Each of these explanations contributes value to our understanding but each also has significant deficiencies, which are identified in the article. 就议会的妇女代表性而论，太平洋地区的岛屿国家可谓国际圆桌会议的垫底。尽管有国际机构和捐助国以及该地区女性的坚持不懈，提高妇女代表性的进展格外缓慢。对于这种低水平的代表性可以有三种解释。最常见的解释与文化观念有关，第二种强调妇女的社会经济地位。第三种解释认为，选举以及议会体制中存在一些障碍，使得妇女的代表性在立法上被最小化。三种解释都有助于我们对问题的理解，但它们又都存在着本文所指出的重要缺陷。},\\n\\tnumber = {2},\\n\\turldate = {2024-08-12},\\n\\tjournal = {Australian Journal of Political Science},\\n\\tauthor = {Zetlin, Diane},\\n\\tmonth = apr,\\n\\tyear = {2014},\\n\\tnote = {Publisher: Routledge\\n\\\\_eprint: https://doi.org/10.1080/10361146.2014.895796},\\n\\tkeywords = {Pacific islands, gender, parliaments},\\n\\tpages = {252--266},\\n}\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Zetlin, D.\"],\"key\":\"zetlin_women_2014\",\"id\":\"zetlin_women_2014\",\"bibbaseid\":\"zetlin-womeninparliamentsinthepacificregion-2014\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{\"Paper\":\"https://doi.org/10.1080/10361146.2014.895796\"},\"keyword\":[\"Pacific islands\",\"gender\",\"parliaments\"],\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"article\",\"type\":\"article\",\"title\":\"Troubled Taxonomies and the Calculating State: Everyday Categorizing and “Race-Ethnicity” - The Netherlands Case\",\"volume\":\"1\",\"issn\":\"2056-6085\",\"shorttitle\":\"Troubled Taxonomies and the Calculating State\",\"url\":\"https://research.wur.nl/en/publications/troubled-taxonomies-and-the-calculating-state-everyday-categorizi\",\"doi\":\"10.1017/rep.2016.7\",\"language\":\"English\",\"number\":\"2\",\"urldate\":\"2024-08-12\",\"journal\":\"The Journal of Race, Ethnicity, and Politics\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Yanow\"],\"firstnames\":[\"D.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Haar\"],\"firstnames\":[\"M.\",\"van\",\"der\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Völke\"],\"firstnames\":[\"K.\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"year\":\"2016\",\"note\":\"Publisher: Cambridge University Press\",\"pages\":\"187–226\",\"bibtex\":\"@article{yanow_troubled_2016,\\n\\ttitle = {Troubled {Taxonomies} and the {Calculating} {State}: {Everyday} {Categorizing} and “{Race}-{Ethnicity}” - {The} {Netherlands} {Case}},\\n\\tvolume = {1},\\n\\tissn = {2056-6085},\\n\\tshorttitle = {Troubled {Taxonomies} and the {Calculating} {State}},\\n\\turl = {https://research.wur.nl/en/publications/troubled-taxonomies-and-the-calculating-state-everyday-categorizi},\\n\\tdoi = {10.1017/rep.2016.7},\\n\\tlanguage = {English},\\n\\tnumber = {2},\\n\\turldate = {2024-08-12},\\n\\tjournal = {The Journal of Race, Ethnicity, and Politics},\\n\\tauthor = {Yanow, D. and Haar, M. van der and Völke, K.},\\n\\tyear = {2016},\\n\\tnote = {Publisher: Cambridge University Press},\\n\\tpages = {187--226},\\n}\\n\\n\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Yanow, D.\",\"Haar, M. v. d.\",\"Völke, K.\"],\"key\":\"yanow_troubled_2016\",\"id\":\"yanow_troubled_2016\",\"bibbaseid\":\"yanow-haar-vlke-troubledtaxonomiesandthecalculatingstateeverydaycategorizingandraceethnicitythenetherlandscase-2016\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{\"Paper\":\"https://research.wur.nl/en/publications/troubled-taxonomies-and-the-calculating-state-everyday-categorizi\"},\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"incollection\",\"type\":\"incollection\",\"address\":\"New York, NY\",\"title\":\"Qualitative-Interpretive Methods in Policy Research\",\"isbn\":\"978-1-315-09319-2\",\"url\":\"https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781315093192-41/qualitative-interpretive-methods-policy-research-dvora-yanow\",\"abstract\":\"The use of qualitative methods in policy research is not new. Academic scholars and policy analysts have for some years been venturing out into the “fi eld” as ethnographers or participant-observers to study fi rst-hand the experiences of legislators, implementors, agency clients, community members, and other policy-relevant stakeholders. Others have based qualitative studies on in-depth interviews with various policy actors; and still other studies draw on legislative, agency, and other documents.\",\"language\":\"en\",\"urldate\":\"2024-08-12\",\"booktitle\":\"Handbook of Public Policy Analysis\",\"publisher\":\"Routledge\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Yanow\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Dvora\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"editor\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Fischer\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Frank\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Miller\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Gerald\",\"J.\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"month\":\"September\",\"year\":\"2017\",\"doi\":\"10.4324/9781315093192-41\",\"pages\":\"431–442\",\"bibtex\":\"@incollection{yanow_qualitative-interpretive_2017,\\n\\taddress = {New York, NY},\\n\\ttitle = {Qualitative-{Interpretive} {Methods} in {Policy} {Research}},\\n\\tisbn = {978-1-315-09319-2},\\n\\turl = {https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781315093192-41/qualitative-interpretive-methods-policy-research-dvora-yanow},\\n\\tabstract = {The use of qualitative methods in policy research is not new. Academic scholars and policy analysts have for some years been venturing out into the “fi eld” as ethnographers or participant-observers to study fi rst-hand the experiences of legislators, implementors, agency clients, community members, and other policy-relevant stakeholders. Others have based qualitative studies on in-depth interviews with various policy actors; and still other studies draw on legislative, agency, and other documents.},\\n\\tlanguage = {en},\\n\\turldate = {2024-08-12},\\n\\tbooktitle = {Handbook of {Public} {Policy} {Analysis}},\\n\\tpublisher = {Routledge},\\n\\tauthor = {Yanow, Dvora},\\n\\teditor = {Fischer, Frank and Miller, Gerald J.},\\n\\tmonth = sep,\\n\\tyear = {2017},\\n\\tdoi = {10.4324/9781315093192-41},\\n\\tpages = {431--442},\\n}\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Yanow, D.\"],\"editor_short\":[\"Fischer, F.\",\"Miller, G. J.\"],\"key\":\"yanow_qualitative-interpretive_2017\",\"id\":\"yanow_qualitative-interpretive_2017\",\"bibbaseid\":\"yanow-qualitativeinterpretivemethodsinpolicyresearch-2017\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{\"Paper\":\"https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781315093192-41/qualitative-interpretive-methods-policy-research-dvora-yanow\"},\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"book\",\"type\":\"book\",\"address\":\"Armonk, NY\",\"title\":\"Constructing Race and Ethnicity in America: Category-making in Public Policy and Administration\",\"isbn\":\"978-1-317-47392-3\",\"shorttitle\":\"Constructing Race and Ethnicity in America\",\"url\":\"https://www.routledge.com/Constructing-Race-and-Ethnicity-in-America-Category-making-in-Public-Policy-and-Administration/Yanow/p/book/9780765608017\",\"abstract\":\"What do we mean in the U.S. today when we use the terms \\\"race\\\" and \\\"ethnicity\\\"? What do we mean, and what do we understand, when we use the five standard race-ethnic categories: White, Black, Asian, Native American, and Hispanic? Most federal and state data collection agencies use these terms without explicit attention, and thereby create categories of American ethnicity for political purposes. Davora Yanow argues that \\\"race\\\" and \\\"ethnicity\\\" are socially constructed concepts, not objective, scientifically-grounded variables, and do not accurately represent the real world. She joins the growing critique of the unreflective use of \\\"race\\\" and \\\"ethnicity\\\" in American policymaking through an exploration of how these terms are used in everyday practices. Her book is filled with current examples and analyses from a wealth of social institutions: health care, education, criminal justice, and government at all levels. The questions she raises for society and public policy are endless. Yanow maintains that these issues must be addressed explicitly, publicly, and nationally if we are to make our policy and administrative institutions operate more effectively.\",\"language\":\"en\",\"publisher\":\"M.E. Sharpe\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Yanow\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Dvora\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"year\":\"2003\",\"keywords\":\"History / Europe / General, Political Science / General, Social Science / Ethnic Studies / General, Social Science / Sociology / General\",\"bibtex\":\"@book{yanow_constructing_2003,\\n\\taddress = {Armonk, NY},\\n\\ttitle = {Constructing {Race} and {Ethnicity} in {America}: {Category}-making in {Public} {Policy} and {Administration}},\\n\\tisbn = {978-1-317-47392-3},\\n\\tshorttitle = {Constructing {Race} and {Ethnicity} in {America}},\\n\\turl = {https://www.routledge.com/Constructing-Race-and-Ethnicity-in-America-Category-making-in-Public-Policy-and-Administration/Yanow/p/book/9780765608017},\\n\\tabstract = {What do we mean in the U.S. today when we use the terms \\\"race\\\" and \\\"ethnicity\\\"? What do we mean, and what do we understand, when we use the five standard race-ethnic categories: White, Black, Asian, Native American, and Hispanic? Most federal and state data collection agencies use these terms without explicit attention, and thereby create categories of American ethnicity for political purposes. Davora Yanow argues that \\\"race\\\" and \\\"ethnicity\\\" are socially constructed concepts, not objective, scientifically-grounded variables, and do not accurately represent the real world. She joins the growing critique of the unreflective use of \\\"race\\\" and \\\"ethnicity\\\" in American policymaking through an exploration of how these terms are used in everyday practices. Her book is filled with current examples and analyses from a wealth of social institutions: health care, education, criminal justice, and government at all levels. The questions she raises for society and public policy are endless. Yanow maintains that these issues must be addressed explicitly, publicly, and nationally if we are to make our policy and administrative institutions operate more effectively.},\\n\\tlanguage = {en},\\n\\tpublisher = {M.E. Sharpe},\\n\\tauthor = {Yanow, Dvora},\\n\\tyear = {2003},\\n\\tkeywords = {History / Europe / General, Political Science / General, Social Science / Ethnic Studies / General, Social Science / Sociology / General},\\n}\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Yanow, D.\"],\"key\":\"yanow_constructing_2003\",\"id\":\"yanow_constructing_2003\",\"bibbaseid\":\"yanow-constructingraceandethnicityinamericacategorymakinginpublicpolicyandadministration-2003\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{\"Paper\":\"https://www.routledge.com/Constructing-Race-and-Ethnicity-in-America-Category-making-in-Public-Policy-and-Administration/Yanow/p/book/9780765608017\"},\"keyword\":[\"History / Europe / General\",\"Political Science / General\",\"Social Science / Ethnic Studies / General\",\"Social Science / Sociology / General\"],\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"article\",\"type\":\"article\",\"title\":\"American Ethnogenesis and Public Administration\",\"volume\":\"27\",\"issn\":\"0095-3997\",\"url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1177/009539979602700402\",\"doi\":\"10.1177/009539979602700402\",\"abstract\":\"The categories that we have created in the United States to divide ourselves according to racial and ethnic characteristics are social constructions, not reflections of the natural world and as such are flexible and evolving. Yet we tend to regard and treat them as fixed, stable, scientifically grounded entities. In this way they become the basis for policy decisions and administrative actions. This article explores the characteristics of our current \\\"racethnic\\\" categories through the case example of the 1990 U.S. Census and raises questions about what features we highlight in creating these particular categories and what silences in public discourse are enabled by them The essay concludes with the implications for administrative practices of this public discourse on scientifically perceived \\\"racethnicity\\\" in two areas: the provision of client services and internal workplace diversity.\",\"language\":\"en\",\"number\":\"4\",\"urldate\":\"2024-08-12\",\"journal\":\"Administration & Society\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Yanow\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Dvora\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"month\":\"February\",\"year\":\"1996\",\"note\":\"Publisher: SAGE Publications Inc\",\"pages\":\"483–509\",\"bibtex\":\"@article{yanow_american_1996,\\n\\ttitle = {American {Ethnogenesis} and {Public} {Administration}},\\n\\tvolume = {27},\\n\\tissn = {0095-3997},\\n\\turl = {https://doi.org/10.1177/009539979602700402},\\n\\tdoi = {10.1177/009539979602700402},\\n\\tabstract = {The categories that we have created in the United States to divide ourselves according to racial and ethnic characteristics are social constructions, not reflections of the natural world and as such are flexible and evolving. Yet we tend to regard and treat them as fixed, stable, scientifically grounded entities. In this way they become the basis for policy decisions and administrative actions. This article explores the characteristics of our current \\\"racethnic\\\" categories through the case example of the 1990 U.S. Census and raises questions about what features we highlight in creating these particular categories and what silences in public discourse are enabled by them The essay concludes with the implications for administrative practices of this public discourse on scientifically perceived \\\"racethnicity\\\" in two areas: the provision of client services and internal workplace diversity.},\\n\\tlanguage = {en},\\n\\tnumber = {4},\\n\\turldate = {2024-08-12},\\n\\tjournal = {Administration \\\\& Society},\\n\\tauthor = {Yanow, Dvora},\\n\\tmonth = feb,\\n\\tyear = {1996},\\n\\tnote = {Publisher: SAGE Publications Inc},\\n\\tpages = {483--509},\\n}\\n\\n\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Yanow, D.\"],\"key\":\"yanow_american_1996\",\"id\":\"yanow_american_1996\",\"bibbaseid\":\"yanow-americanethnogenesisandpublicadministration-1996\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{\"Paper\":\"https://doi.org/10.1177/009539979602700402\"},\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"article\",\"type\":\"article\",\"title\":\"The English School Meets the Chicago School: The Case for a Grounded Theory of International Institutions1\",\"volume\":\"14\",\"issn\":\"1521-9488\",\"url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1111/misr.12001\",\"doi\":\"10.1111/misr.12001\",\"abstract\":\"The concept of primary international institutions is a core idea of the English School and central to those scholars from Bull to Buzan who have sought to take it in a more sociological direction. Yet the English School has traditionally found it difficult to define and identify with consistency the institutions of international society. A group of scholars, here called the “new institutionalists,” have recently sought to address this problem by devising tighter definitions and applying them more rigorously. But different understandings and lists of institutions continue to proliferate. The source of the problem is the reliance on “stipulative” definitions, drawn from an increasingly abstract theoretical literature. The problem is compounded by the new institutionalists' employment of social structural and other “outsider” methods of social research. This article argues that it is only possible to empirically ground institutions, a task on which all agree, by returning to the interpretive “insider” approach traditionally associated with the school—but employing it in a much more rigorous way. To this end it makes the case for a “grounded theory” of international institutions inspired by Chicago School sociology.\",\"number\":\"4\",\"urldate\":\"2024-12-08\",\"journal\":\"International Studies Review\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Wilson\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Peter\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"month\":\"December\",\"year\":\"2012\",\"pages\":\"567–590\",\"bibtex\":\"@article{wilson_english_2012,\\n\\ttitle = {The {English} {School} {Meets} the {Chicago} {School}: {The} {Case} for a {Grounded} {Theory} of {International} {Institutions1}},\\n\\tvolume = {14},\\n\\tissn = {1521-9488},\\n\\turl = {https://doi.org/10.1111/misr.12001},\\n\\tdoi = {10.1111/misr.12001},\\n\\tabstract = {The concept of primary international institutions is a core idea of the English School and central to those scholars from Bull to Buzan who have sought to take it in a more sociological direction. Yet the English School has traditionally found it difficult to define and identify with consistency the institutions of international society. A group of scholars, here called the “new institutionalists,” have recently sought to address this problem by devising tighter definitions and applying them more rigorously. But different understandings and lists of institutions continue to proliferate. The source of the problem is the reliance on “stipulative” definitions, drawn from an increasingly abstract theoretical literature. The problem is compounded by the new institutionalists' employment of social structural and other “outsider” methods of social research. This article argues that it is only possible to empirically ground institutions, a task on which all agree, by returning to the interpretive “insider” approach traditionally associated with the school—but employing it in a much more rigorous way. To this end it makes the case for a “grounded theory” of international institutions inspired by Chicago School sociology.},\\n\\tnumber = {4},\\n\\turldate = {2024-12-08},\\n\\tjournal = {International Studies Review},\\n\\tauthor = {Wilson, Peter},\\n\\tmonth = dec,\\n\\tyear = {2012},\\n\\tpages = {567--590},\\n}\\n\\n\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Wilson, P.\"],\"key\":\"wilson_english_2012\",\"id\":\"wilson_english_2012\",\"bibbaseid\":\"wilson-theenglishschoolmeetsthechicagoschoolthecaseforagroundedtheoryofinternationalinstitutions1-2012\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{\"Paper\":\"https://doi.org/10.1111/misr.12001\"},\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"book\",\"type\":\"book\",\"address\":\"Cambridge, UK\",\"title\":\"Contestation and Constitution of Norms in Global International Relations\",\"isbn\":\"978-1-107-16952-4\",\"url\":\"https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/contestation-and-constitution-of-norms-in-global-international-relations/41749FC27FD01ED9228E0787CD615508\",\"abstract\":\"Antje Wiener examines the involvement of local actors in conflicts over global norms such as fundamental rights and the prohibition of torture and sexual violence. Providing accounts of local interventions made on behalf of those affected by breaches of norms, she identifies the constraints and opportunities for stakeholder participation in a fragmented global society. The book also considers cultural and institutional diversity with regard to the co-constitution of norm change. Proposing a clear framework to operationalize research on contested norms, and illustrating it through three recent cases, this book contributes to the project of global international relations by offering an agency-centred approach. It will interest scholars and advanced students of international relations, international political theory, and international law seeking a principled approach to practice that overcomes the practice-norm gap.\",\"urldate\":\"2024-08-12\",\"publisher\":\"Cambridge University Press\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Wiener\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Antje\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"year\":\"2018\",\"doi\":\"10.1017/9781316718599\",\"bibtex\":\"@book{wiener_contestation_2018,\\n\\taddress = {Cambridge, UK},\\n\\ttitle = {Contestation and {Constitution} of {Norms} in {Global} {International} {Relations}},\\n\\tisbn = {978-1-107-16952-4},\\n\\turl = {https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/contestation-and-constitution-of-norms-in-global-international-relations/41749FC27FD01ED9228E0787CD615508},\\n\\tabstract = {Antje Wiener examines the involvement of local actors in conflicts over global norms such as fundamental rights and the prohibition of torture and sexual violence. Providing accounts of local interventions made on behalf of those affected by breaches of norms, she identifies the constraints and opportunities for stakeholder participation in a fragmented global society. The book also considers cultural and institutional diversity with regard to the co-constitution of norm change. Proposing a clear framework to operationalize research on contested norms, and illustrating it through three recent cases, this book contributes to the project of global international relations by offering an agency-centred approach. It will interest scholars and advanced students of international relations, international political theory, and international law seeking a principled approach to practice that overcomes the practice-norm gap.},\\n\\turldate = {2024-08-12},\\n\\tpublisher = {Cambridge University Press},\\n\\tauthor = {Wiener, Antje},\\n\\tyear = {2018},\\n\\tdoi = {10.1017/9781316718599},\\n}\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Wiener, A.\"],\"key\":\"wiener_contestation_2018\",\"id\":\"wiener_contestation_2018\",\"bibbaseid\":\"wiener-contestationandconstitutionofnormsinglobalinternationalrelations-2018\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{\"Paper\":\"https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/contestation-and-constitution-of-norms-in-global-international-relations/41749FC27FD01ED9228E0787CD615508\"},\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"article\",\"type\":\"article\",\"title\":\"“Just” Stories or “Just Stories”?: Mixed Media Storytelling as a Prism for Environmental Justice and Decolonial Futures\",\"volume\":\"5\",\"url\":\"https://esj.usask.ca/index.php/esj/article/view/68333\",\"doi\":\"10.15402/esj.v5i2.68333\",\"abstract\":\"&lt;p&gt;Our lives and the lives of those we study are full of stories. Stories are never mere stories. Qualitative researchers who document, hear, and listen to participant lived-experiences encounter and witness the intimate spaces of people’s everyday lives. Researchers thus find themselves in the position of translator between diverse communities: those affected by policies, the academy and public officials. For academic-activists committed to listening to situated stories in order to improve public policy, several critical questions emerge: How do we do justice to these stories? What are the ethics of engagement involved in telling stories about those who share their knowledges and lived-experiences with us? Can storytelling bridge positivist and post-positivist research methods? Do policymakers listen to stories? How? What can researchers learn from Indigenous storytelling methods to envision decolonial, sustainable futures? To respond to these critical questions, this paper draws from literature in community-engaged research, critical policy studies, interpretive research methods, Indigenous research methods, political ethnography, visual methods and social justice research to argue that stories arenever simply or just stories, but in fact have the potential to be radical tools of change for social and environmental justice. As will be discussed with reference to three mixed media storytelling projects that involved the co-creation of digital stories with Indigenous communities in Canada, stories can intervene on dominant narratives, create space for counternarratives and in doing so challenge the settler-colonial status quo in pursuit of decolonial futures.&lt;/p&gt;\",\"number\":\"2\",\"urldate\":\"2024-08-12\",\"journal\":\"Engaged Scholar Journal: Community-Engaged Research, Teaching, and Learning\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Wiebe\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Sarah\",\"Marie\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"month\":\"June\",\"year\":\"2019\",\"note\":\"Section: Essays\",\"pages\":\"19–35\",\"bibtex\":\"@article{wiebe_just_2019,\\n\\ttitle = {“{Just}” {Stories} or “{Just} {Stories}”?: {Mixed} {Media} {Storytelling} as a {Prism} for {Environmental} {Justice} and {Decolonial} {Futures}},\\n\\tvolume = {5},\\n\\turl = {https://esj.usask.ca/index.php/esj/article/view/68333},\\n\\tdoi = {10.15402/esj.v5i2.68333},\\n\\tabstract = {\\\\&lt;p\\\\&gt;Our lives and the lives of those we study are full of stories. Stories are never mere stories. Qualitative researchers who document, hear, and listen to participant lived-experiences encounter and witness the intimate spaces of people’s everyday lives. Researchers thus find themselves in the position of translator between diverse communities: those affected by policies, the academy and public officials. For academic-activists committed to listening to situated stories in order to improve public policy, several critical questions emerge: How do we do justice to these stories? What are the ethics of engagement involved in telling stories about those who share their knowledges and lived-experiences with us? Can storytelling bridge positivist and post-positivist research methods? Do policymakers listen to stories? How? What can researchers learn from Indigenous storytelling methods to envision decolonial, sustainable futures? To respond to these critical questions, this paper draws from literature in community-engaged research, critical policy studies, interpretive research methods, Indigenous research methods, political ethnography, visual methods and social justice research to argue that stories arenever simply or just stories, but in fact have the potential to be radical tools of change for social and environmental justice. As will be discussed with reference to three mixed media storytelling projects that involved the co-creation of digital stories with Indigenous communities in Canada, stories can intervene on dominant narratives, create space for counternarratives and in doing so challenge the settler-colonial status quo in pursuit of decolonial futures.\\\\&lt;/p\\\\&gt;},\\n\\tnumber = {2},\\n\\turldate = {2024-08-12},\\n\\tjournal = {Engaged Scholar Journal: Community-Engaged Research, Teaching, and Learning},\\n\\tauthor = {Wiebe, Sarah Marie},\\n\\tmonth = jun,\\n\\tyear = {2019},\\n\\tnote = {Section: Essays},\\n\\tpages = {19--35},\\n}\\n\\n\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Wiebe, S. M.\"],\"key\":\"wiebe_just_2019\",\"id\":\"wiebe_just_2019\",\"bibbaseid\":\"wiebe-juststoriesorjuststoriesmixedmediastorytellingasaprismforenvironmentaljusticeanddecolonialfutures-2019\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{\"Paper\":\"https://esj.usask.ca/index.php/esj/article/view/68333\"},\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"article\",\"type\":\"article\",\"title\":\"Sensing policy: engaging affected communities at the intersections of environmental justice and decolonial futures\",\"volume\":\"8\",\"issn\":\"2156-5503\",\"shorttitle\":\"Sensing policy\",\"url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1080/21565503.2019.1629315\",\"doi\":\"10.1080/21565503.2019.1629315\",\"abstract\":\"Pushing back against an extractive approach to research to center relationships, this paper draws from ethnographic sensibilities and community vignettes to discuss what academic-activists and political scientists can learn from communities’ situated bodies of knowledge. Tensions emerge when those most directly affected by public policy decisions are excluded from the decision-making process. Consultation leaves many encountering a paradox: their lived experiences are discredited even when they are invited to participate. This paper offers an imaginative approach to the design of participatory policy processes and asks: how can decision-makers meaningfully engage affected parties in pursuit of environmentally just policy creation? In response, this paper argues that bodies generally, and guts specifically, are political. To do so, I flesh out how a sensing policy approach to public engagement and socially engaged research can assist those crafting policies – including, laws, programs and service-delivery – to address contentious multilayered environmental justice issues. These include concerns for more-than-human life. Reflecting on experiences of community-engagement with Indigenous communities in Canada and Hawaiʻi, sensing policy builds from interpretive methods and intersectionality-based policy analysis to inform and potentially improve decision-making processes by taking seriously the experiences, knowledges and voices of those most affected by the government (in)decisions.\",\"number\":\"1\",\"urldate\":\"2024-08-12\",\"journal\":\"Politics, Groups, and Identities\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Wiebe\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Sarah\",\"Marie\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"year\":\"2019\",\"note\":\"Publisher: Routledge _eprint: https://doi.org/10.1080/21565503.2019.1629315\",\"keywords\":\"Sensing policy, affect, decolonial futures, environmental justice, guts, political ethnography, socially engaged research\",\"pages\":\"181–193\",\"bibtex\":\"@article{wiebe_sensing_2019,\\n\\ttitle = {Sensing policy: engaging affected communities at the intersections of environmental justice and decolonial futures},\\n\\tvolume = {8},\\n\\tissn = {2156-5503},\\n\\tshorttitle = {Sensing policy},\\n\\turl = {https://doi.org/10.1080/21565503.2019.1629315},\\n\\tdoi = {10.1080/21565503.2019.1629315},\\n\\tabstract = {Pushing back against an extractive approach to research to center relationships, this paper draws from ethnographic sensibilities and community vignettes to discuss what academic-activists and political scientists can learn from communities’ situated bodies of knowledge. Tensions emerge when those most directly affected by public policy decisions are excluded from the decision-making process. Consultation leaves many encountering a paradox: their lived experiences are discredited even when they are invited to participate. This paper offers an imaginative approach to the design of participatory policy processes and asks: how can decision-makers meaningfully engage affected parties in pursuit of environmentally just policy creation? In response, this paper argues that bodies generally, and guts specifically, are political. To do so, I flesh out how a sensing policy approach to public engagement and socially engaged research can assist those crafting policies – including, laws, programs and service-delivery – to address contentious multilayered environmental justice issues. These include concerns for more-than-human life. Reflecting on experiences of community-engagement with Indigenous communities in Canada and Hawaiʻi, sensing policy builds from interpretive methods and intersectionality-based policy analysis to inform and potentially improve decision-making processes by taking seriously the experiences, knowledges and voices of those most affected by the government (in)decisions.},\\n\\tnumber = {1},\\n\\turldate = {2024-08-12},\\n\\tjournal = {Politics, Groups, and Identities},\\n\\tauthor = {Wiebe, Sarah Marie},\\n\\tyear = {2019},\\n\\tnote = {Publisher: Routledge\\n\\\\_eprint: https://doi.org/10.1080/21565503.2019.1629315},\\n\\tkeywords = {Sensing policy, affect, decolonial futures, environmental justice, guts, political ethnography, socially engaged research},\\n\\tpages = {181--193},\\n}\\n\\n\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Wiebe, S. M.\"],\"key\":\"wiebe_sensing_2019\",\"id\":\"wiebe_sensing_2019\",\"bibbaseid\":\"wiebe-sensingpolicyengagingaffectedcommunitiesattheintersectionsofenvironmentaljusticeanddecolonialfutures-2019\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{\"Paper\":\"https://doi.org/10.1080/21565503.2019.1629315\"},\"keyword\":[\"Sensing policy\",\"affect\",\"decolonial futures\",\"environmental justice\",\"guts\",\"political ethnography\",\"socially engaged research\"],\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"book\",\"type\":\"book\",\"address\":\"Vancouver, Canada\",\"title\":\"Everyday Exposure: Indigenous Mobilization and Environmental Justice in Canada’s Chemical Valley\",\"isbn\":\"978-0-7748-3264-9\",\"shorttitle\":\"Everyday Exposure\",\"url\":\"https://press.uchicago.edu/ucp/books/book/distributed/E/bo70054609.html\",\"abstract\":\"Surrounded by Canada’s densest concentration of chemical manufacturing plants, members of the Aamjiwnaang First Nation express concern about a declining male birth rate and high incidences of miscarriage, asthma, cancer, and cardiovascular illness. Everyday Exposure uncovers the systemic injustices they face as they fight for environmental justice. Exploring the problems that conflicting levels of jurisdiction pose for the creation of effective policy, analyzing clashes between Indigenous and scientific knowledge, and documenting the experiences of Aamjiwnaang residents as they navigate their toxic environment, this book argues that social and political change requires a transformative “sensing policy” approach, one that takes the voices of Indigenous citizens seriously.\",\"language\":\"en\",\"urldate\":\"2024-08-12\",\"publisher\":\"University of British Columbia Press\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Wiebe\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Sarah\",\"Marie\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"year\":\"2016\",\"bibtex\":\"@book{wiebe_everyday_2016,\\n\\taddress = {Vancouver, Canada},\\n\\ttitle = {Everyday {Exposure}: {Indigenous} {Mobilization} and {Environmental} {Justice} in {Canada}’s {Chemical} {Valley}},\\n\\tisbn = {978-0-7748-3264-9},\\n\\tshorttitle = {Everyday {Exposure}},\\n\\turl = {https://press.uchicago.edu/ucp/books/book/distributed/E/bo70054609.html},\\n\\tabstract = {Surrounded by Canada’s densest concentration of chemical manufacturing plants, members of the Aamjiwnaang First Nation express concern about a declining male birth rate and high incidences of miscarriage, asthma, cancer, and cardiovascular illness. Everyday Exposure uncovers the systemic injustices they face as they fight for environmental justice. Exploring the problems that conflicting levels of jurisdiction pose for the creation of effective policy, analyzing clashes between Indigenous and scientific knowledge, and documenting the experiences of Aamjiwnaang residents as they navigate their toxic environment, this book argues that social and political change requires a transformative “sensing policy” approach, one that takes the voices of Indigenous citizens seriously.},\\n\\tlanguage = {en},\\n\\turldate = {2024-08-12},\\n\\tpublisher = {University of British Columbia Press},\\n\\tauthor = {Wiebe, Sarah Marie},\\n\\tyear = {2016},\\n}\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Wiebe, S. M.\"],\"key\":\"wiebe_everyday_2016\",\"id\":\"wiebe_everyday_2016\",\"bibbaseid\":\"wiebe-everydayexposureindigenousmobilizationandenvironmentaljusticeincanadaschemicalvalley-2016\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{\"Paper\":\"https://press.uchicago.edu/ucp/books/book/distributed/E/bo70054609.html\"},\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"article\",\"type\":\"article\",\"title\":\"Narrative and elucidating the concept of democracy: the case of Myanmar’s activists and democratic leaders\",\"volume\":\"26\",\"issn\":\"1351-0347\",\"shorttitle\":\"Narrative and elucidating the concept of democracy\",\"url\":\"https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13510347.2018.1509850\",\"doi\":\"10.1080/13510347.2018.1509850\",\"number\":\"2\",\"urldate\":\"2024-08-12\",\"journal\":\"Democratization\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Wells\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Tamas\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"month\":\"February\",\"year\":\"2019\",\"note\":\"Publisher: Routledge\",\"keywords\":\"Burma, Myanmar, Narrative, democracy, interpretivism, meaning\",\"pages\":\"190–207\",\"bibtex\":\"@article{wells_narrative_2019,\\n\\ttitle = {Narrative and elucidating the concept of democracy: the case of {Myanmar}’s activists and democratic leaders},\\n\\tvolume = {26},\\n\\tissn = {1351-0347},\\n\\tshorttitle = {Narrative and elucidating the concept of democracy},\\n\\turl = {https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13510347.2018.1509850},\\n\\tdoi = {10.1080/13510347.2018.1509850},\\n\\tnumber = {2},\\n\\turldate = {2024-08-12},\\n\\tjournal = {Democratization},\\n\\tauthor = {Wells, Tamas},\\n\\tmonth = feb,\\n\\tyear = {2019},\\n\\tnote = {Publisher: Routledge},\\n\\tkeywords = {Burma, Myanmar, Narrative, democracy, interpretivism, meaning},\\n\\tpages = {190--207},\\n}\\n\\n\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Wells, T.\"],\"key\":\"wells_narrative_2019\",\"id\":\"wells_narrative_2019\",\"bibbaseid\":\"wells-narrativeandelucidatingtheconceptofdemocracythecaseofmyanmarsactivistsanddemocraticleaders-2019\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{\"Paper\":\"https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13510347.2018.1509850\"},\"keyword\":[\"Burma\",\"Myanmar\",\"Narrative\",\"democracy\",\"interpretivism\",\"meaning\"],\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"article\",\"type\":\"article\",\"title\":\"Audializing migrant bodies: Sound and security at the border\",\"volume\":\"49\",\"issn\":\"0967-0106\",\"shorttitle\":\"Audializing migrant bodies\",\"url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1177/0967010618795788\",\"doi\":\"10.1177/0967010618795788\",\"abstract\":\"Sound represents a salient yet rarely examined counterpoint to visuality and materiality in security, international bordering, and mobility literature. Using the context of sub-Saharan African migration as grounding for empirical analysis and drawing on fieldwork conducted in Morocco in 2015 and 2016, this article lays the foundation for a research agenda that understands voice, and the sonic body more broadly, as mechanisms of political power. In examining the central roles that sound, hearing, and voice play in strategies of individual resistance at border crossings, as well as in state, private, and transnational communication and surveillance regimes, it attends to the ways in which sound and the audialized body reconfigure power relations, and structure mobility and personal identity. This analysis contributes to the growing literature addressing biometric borders and the deterritorialization of security practices, and argues that sound, along with more familiar nodes of securitization, constitutes a critical site of governmentality and therefore of ethical and moral negotiation.\",\"language\":\"en\",\"number\":\"6\",\"urldate\":\"2024-08-12\",\"journal\":\"Security Dialogue\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Weitzel\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Michelle\",\"D\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"month\":\"December\",\"year\":\"2018\",\"note\":\"Publisher: SAGE Publications Ltd\",\"pages\":\"421–437\",\"bibtex\":\"@article{weitzel_audializing_2018,\\n\\ttitle = {Audializing migrant bodies: {Sound} and security at the border},\\n\\tvolume = {49},\\n\\tissn = {0967-0106},\\n\\tshorttitle = {Audializing migrant bodies},\\n\\turl = {https://doi.org/10.1177/0967010618795788},\\n\\tdoi = {10.1177/0967010618795788},\\n\\tabstract = {Sound represents a salient yet rarely examined counterpoint to visuality and materiality in security, international bordering, and mobility literature. Using the context of sub-Saharan African migration as grounding for empirical analysis and drawing on fieldwork conducted in Morocco in 2015 and 2016, this article lays the foundation for a research agenda that understands voice, and the sonic body more broadly, as mechanisms of political power. In examining the central roles that sound, hearing, and voice play in strategies of individual resistance at border crossings, as well as in state, private, and transnational communication and surveillance regimes, it attends to the ways in which sound and the audialized body reconfigure power relations, and structure mobility and personal identity. This analysis contributes to the growing literature addressing biometric borders and the deterritorialization of security practices, and argues that sound, along with more familiar nodes of securitization, constitutes a critical site of governmentality and therefore of ethical and moral negotiation.},\\n\\tlanguage = {en},\\n\\tnumber = {6},\\n\\turldate = {2024-08-12},\\n\\tjournal = {Security Dialogue},\\n\\tauthor = {Weitzel, Michelle D},\\n\\tmonth = dec,\\n\\tyear = {2018},\\n\\tnote = {Publisher: SAGE Publications Ltd},\\n\\tpages = {421--437},\\n}\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Weitzel, M. D\"],\"key\":\"weitzel_audializing_2018\",\"id\":\"weitzel_audializing_2018\",\"bibbaseid\":\"weitzel-audializingmigrantbodiessoundandsecurityattheborder-2018\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{\"Paper\":\"https://doi.org/10.1177/0967010618795788\"},\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"article\",\"type\":\"article\",\"title\":\"The narration of roles in foreign policy analysis\",\"volume\":\"23\",\"issn\":\"1581-1980\",\"url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1057/s41268-018-0148-y\",\"doi\":\"10.1057/s41268-018-0148-y\",\"abstract\":\"Starting from the recurrent criticism that role theory is conceptually rich but methodologically poor, this article assesses the potential of interpretive narrative analysis for the methodological development of role theory within foreign policy analysis. It focuses on the methodological side of narratives from an interpretive perspective, so as to detect role conceptions and role change. The symbolic-interactionist role theory framework is already set up to incorporate the elements of doing interpretive narrative analysis from this perspective, because, as Mead (The philosophy of the present, Open Court, La Salle, IL, 1932) argued, agents constantly reinterpret their past as they face an emergent present. This is akin to Bevir and Rhodes’ (Interpreting British Governance, Routledge, Abingdon, 2003) interpretive notions of ‘traditions’ and ‘dilemmas’. The potential of narratives is demonstrated by focusing specifically on ruling narrations as advanced by the then President Hugo Chávez in Venezuela (1999–2013), to conceive and cement a new role as a revolutionary state.\",\"language\":\"en\",\"number\":\"2\",\"urldate\":\"2024-08-12\",\"journal\":\"Journal of International Relations and Development\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Wehner\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Leslie\",\"E.\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"month\":\"June\",\"year\":\"2020\",\"keywords\":\"Interpretive narrative analysis, Revolutionary role, Role change, Role conception, Role theory, Ruling narratives\",\"pages\":\"359–384\",\"bibtex\":\"@article{wehner_narration_2020,\\n\\ttitle = {The narration of roles in foreign policy analysis},\\n\\tvolume = {23},\\n\\tissn = {1581-1980},\\n\\turl = {https://doi.org/10.1057/s41268-018-0148-y},\\n\\tdoi = {10.1057/s41268-018-0148-y},\\n\\tabstract = {Starting from the recurrent criticism that role theory is conceptually rich but methodologically poor, this article assesses the potential of interpretive narrative analysis for the methodological development of role theory within foreign policy analysis. It focuses on the methodological side of narratives from an interpretive perspective, so as to detect role conceptions and role change. The symbolic-interactionist role theory framework is already set up to incorporate the elements of doing interpretive narrative analysis from this perspective, because, as Mead (The philosophy of the present, Open Court, La Salle, IL, 1932) argued, agents constantly reinterpret their past as they face an emergent present. This is akin to Bevir and Rhodes’ (Interpreting British Governance, Routledge, Abingdon, 2003) interpretive notions of ‘traditions’ and ‘dilemmas’. The potential of narratives is demonstrated by focusing specifically on ruling narrations as advanced by the then President Hugo Chávez in Venezuela (1999–2013), to conceive and cement a new role as a revolutionary state.},\\n\\tlanguage = {en},\\n\\tnumber = {2},\\n\\turldate = {2024-08-12},\\n\\tjournal = {Journal of International Relations and Development},\\n\\tauthor = {Wehner, Leslie E.},\\n\\tmonth = jun,\\n\\tyear = {2020},\\n\\tkeywords = {Interpretive narrative analysis, Revolutionary role, Role change, Role conception, Role theory, Ruling narratives},\\n\\tpages = {359--384},\\n}\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Wehner, L. E.\"],\"key\":\"wehner_narration_2020\",\"id\":\"wehner_narration_2020\",\"bibbaseid\":\"wehner-thenarrationofrolesinforeignpolicyanalysis-2020\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{\"Paper\":\"https://doi.org/10.1057/s41268-018-0148-y\"},\"keyword\":[\"Interpretive narrative analysis\",\"Revolutionary role\",\"Role change\",\"Role conception\",\"Role theory\",\"Ruling narratives\"],\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"book\",\"type\":\"book\",\"address\":\"Chicago, IL\",\"series\":\"Chicago Studies in Practices of Meaning\",\"title\":\"Authoritarian Apprehensions: Ideology, Judgment, and Mourning in Syria\",\"isbn\":\"978-0-226-65060-9\",\"shorttitle\":\"Authoritarian Apprehensions\",\"url\":\"https://press.uchicago.edu/ucp/books/book/chicago/A/bo41676402.html\",\"abstract\":\"If the Arab uprisings initially heralded the end of tyrannies and a move toward liberal democratic governments, their defeat not only marked a reversal but was of a piece with emerging forms of authoritarianism worldwide. In Authoritarian Apprehensions, Lisa Wedeen draws on her decades-long engagement with Syria to offer an erudite and compassionate analysis of this extraordinary rush of events—the revolutionary exhilaration of the initial days of unrest and then the devastating violence that shattered hopes of any quick undoing of dictatorship. Developing a fresh, insightful, and theoretically imaginative approach to both authoritarianism and conflict, Wedeen asks, What led a sizable part of the citizenry to stick by the regime through one atrocity after another? What happens to political judgment in a context of pervasive misinformation? And what might the Syrian example suggest about how authoritarian leaders exploit digital media to create uncertainty, political impasses, and fractures among their citizens?   Drawing on extensive fieldwork and a variety of Syrian artistic practices, Wedeen lays bare the ideological investments that sustain ambivalent attachments to established organizations of power and contribute to the ongoing challenge of pursuing political change. This masterful book is a testament to Wedeen’s deep engagement with some of the most troubling concerns of our political present and future.\",\"language\":\"en\",\"urldate\":\"2024-08-12\",\"publisher\":\"University of Chicago Press\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Wedeen\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Lisa\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"month\":\"September\",\"year\":\"2019\",\"keywords\":\"arab, authoritarianism, autocracy, civil war, coup, death, democracy, dictator, fake news, fear, government, grief, history, ideology, internet, judgment, loss, media, middle east, misinformation, mortality, mourning, nationalism, neoliberalism, nonfiction, political science, politics, post-truth, power, protest, rebellion, regime change, religion, revolution, sentimentality, spirituality, syria, tyranny, unknown, unrest, uprising, violence\",\"bibtex\":\"@book{wedeen_authoritarian_2019,\\n\\taddress = {Chicago, IL},\\n\\tseries = {Chicago {Studies} in {Practices} of {Meaning}},\\n\\ttitle = {Authoritarian {Apprehensions}: {Ideology}, {Judgment}, and {Mourning} in {Syria}},\\n\\tisbn = {978-0-226-65060-9},\\n\\tshorttitle = {Authoritarian {Apprehensions}},\\n\\turl = {https://press.uchicago.edu/ucp/books/book/chicago/A/bo41676402.html},\\n\\tabstract = {If the Arab uprisings initially heralded the end of tyrannies and a move toward liberal democratic governments, their defeat not only marked a reversal but was of a piece with emerging forms of authoritarianism worldwide. In Authoritarian Apprehensions, Lisa Wedeen draws on her decades-long engagement with Syria to offer an erudite and compassionate analysis of this extraordinary rush of events—the revolutionary exhilaration of the initial days of unrest and then the devastating violence that shattered hopes of any quick undoing of dictatorship. Developing a fresh, insightful, and theoretically imaginative approach to both authoritarianism and conflict, Wedeen asks, What led a sizable part of the citizenry to stick by the regime through one atrocity after another? What happens to political judgment in a context of pervasive misinformation? And what might the Syrian example suggest about how authoritarian leaders exploit digital media to create uncertainty, political impasses, and fractures among their citizens?   Drawing on extensive fieldwork and a variety of Syrian artistic practices, Wedeen lays bare the ideological investments that sustain ambivalent attachments to established organizations of power and contribute to the ongoing challenge of pursuing political change. This masterful book is a testament to Wedeen’s deep engagement with some of the most troubling concerns of our political present and future.},\\n\\tlanguage = {en},\\n\\turldate = {2024-08-12},\\n\\tpublisher = {University of Chicago Press},\\n\\tauthor = {Wedeen, Lisa},\\n\\tmonth = sep,\\n\\tyear = {2019},\\n\\tkeywords = {arab, authoritarianism, autocracy, civil war, coup, death, democracy, dictator, fake news, fear, government, grief, history, ideology, internet, judgment, loss, media, middle east, misinformation, mortality, mourning, nationalism, neoliberalism, nonfiction, political science, politics, post-truth, power, protest, rebellion, regime change, religion, revolution, sentimentality, spirituality, syria, tyranny, unknown, unrest, uprising, violence},\\n}\\n\\n\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Wedeen, L.\"],\"key\":\"wedeen_authoritarian_2019\",\"id\":\"wedeen_authoritarian_2019\",\"bibbaseid\":\"wedeen-authoritarianapprehensionsideologyjudgmentandmourninginsyria-2019\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{\"Paper\":\"https://press.uchicago.edu/ucp/books/book/chicago/A/bo41676402.html\"},\"keyword\":[\"arab\",\"authoritarianism\",\"autocracy\",\"civil war\",\"coup\",\"death\",\"democracy\",\"dictator\",\"fake news\",\"fear\",\"government\",\"grief\",\"history\",\"ideology\",\"internet\",\"judgment\",\"loss\",\"media\",\"middle east\",\"misinformation\",\"mortality\",\"mourning\",\"nationalism\",\"neoliberalism\",\"nonfiction\",\"political science\",\"politics\",\"post-truth\",\"power\",\"protest\",\"rebellion\",\"regime change\",\"religion\",\"revolution\",\"sentimentality\",\"spirituality\",\"syria\",\"tyranny\",\"unknown\",\"unrest\",\"uprising\",\"violence\"],\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"book\",\"type\":\"book\",\"address\":\"Chicago, IL\",\"series\":\"Chicago Studies in Practices of Meaning\",\"title\":\"Peripheral Visions: Publics, Power, and Performance in Yemen\",\"isbn\":\"978-0-226-87791-4\",\"shorttitle\":\"Peripheral Visions\",\"url\":\"https://press.uchicago.edu/ucp/books/book/chicago/P/bo5893513.html\",\"abstract\":\"The government of Yemen, unified since 1990, remains largely incapable of controlling violence or providing goods and services to its population, but the regime continues to endure despite its fragility and peripheral location in the global political and economic order. Revealing what holds Yemen together in such tenuous circumstances, Peripheral Visions shows how citizens form national attachments even in the absence of strong state institutions.Lisa Wedeen, who spent a year and a half in Yemen observing and interviewing its residents, argues that national solidarity in such weak states tends to arise not from attachments to institutions but through both extraordinary events and the ordinary activities of everyday life. Yemenis, for example, regularly gather to chew qat, a leafy drug similar to caffeine, as they engage in wide-ranging and sometimes influential public discussions of even the most divisive political and social issues. These lively debates exemplify Wedeen’s contention that democratic, national, and pious solidarities work as ongoing, performative practices that enact and reproduce a citizenry’s shared points of reference. Ultimately, her skillful evocations of such practices shift attention away from a narrow focus on government institutions and electoral competition and toward the substantive experience of participatory politics.\",\"language\":\"en\",\"urldate\":\"2024-08-12\",\"publisher\":\"University of Chicago Press\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Wedeen\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Lisa\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"year\":\"2008\",\"keywords\":\"asia, citizenry, citizenship, control, crisis, deliberation, governing, government, identity, interviews, middle east, nation state, national power, nationalism, order, participation, participatory, performance, political science, politics, public gatherings, republic, social issues, solidarity, south arabia, structures, transnational, unity, violence, yemen\",\"bibtex\":\"@book{wedeen_peripheral_2008,\\n\\taddress = {Chicago, IL},\\n\\tseries = {Chicago {Studies} in {Practices} of {Meaning}},\\n\\ttitle = {Peripheral {Visions}: {Publics}, {Power}, and {Performance} in {Yemen}},\\n\\tisbn = {978-0-226-87791-4},\\n\\tshorttitle = {Peripheral {Visions}},\\n\\turl = {https://press.uchicago.edu/ucp/books/book/chicago/P/bo5893513.html},\\n\\tabstract = {The government of Yemen, unified since 1990, remains largely incapable of controlling violence or providing goods and services to its population, but the regime continues to endure despite its fragility and peripheral location in the global political and economic order. Revealing what holds Yemen together in such tenuous circumstances, Peripheral Visions shows how citizens form national attachments even in the absence of strong state institutions.Lisa Wedeen, who spent a year and a half in Yemen observing and interviewing its residents, argues that national solidarity in such weak states tends to arise not from attachments to institutions but through both extraordinary events and the ordinary activities of everyday life. Yemenis, for example, regularly gather to chew qat, a leafy drug similar to caffeine, as they engage in wide-ranging and sometimes influential public discussions of even the most divisive political and social issues. These lively debates exemplify Wedeen’s contention that democratic, national, and pious solidarities work as ongoing, performative practices that enact and reproduce a citizenry’s shared points of reference. Ultimately, her skillful evocations of such practices shift attention away from a narrow focus on government institutions and electoral competition and toward the substantive experience of participatory politics.},\\n\\tlanguage = {en},\\n\\turldate = {2024-08-12},\\n\\tpublisher = {University of Chicago Press},\\n\\tauthor = {Wedeen, Lisa},\\n\\tyear = {2008},\\n\\tkeywords = {asia, citizenry, citizenship, control, crisis, deliberation, governing, government, identity, interviews, middle east, nation state, national power, nationalism, order, participation, participatory, performance, political science, politics, public gatherings, republic, social issues, solidarity, south arabia, structures, transnational, unity, violence, yemen},\\n}\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Wedeen, L.\"],\"key\":\"wedeen_peripheral_2008\",\"id\":\"wedeen_peripheral_2008\",\"bibbaseid\":\"wedeen-peripheralvisionspublicspowerandperformanceinyemen-2008\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{\"Paper\":\"https://press.uchicago.edu/ucp/books/book/chicago/P/bo5893513.html\"},\"keyword\":[\"asia\",\"citizenry\",\"citizenship\",\"control\",\"crisis\",\"deliberation\",\"governing\",\"government\",\"identity\",\"interviews\",\"middle east\",\"nation state\",\"national power\",\"nationalism\",\"order\",\"participation\",\"participatory\",\"performance\",\"political science\",\"politics\",\"public gatherings\",\"republic\",\"social issues\",\"solidarity\",\"south arabia\",\"structures\",\"transnational\",\"unity\",\"violence\",\"yemen\"],\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"book\",\"type\":\"book\",\"address\":\"Chicago, IL\",\"series\":\"Studies in Communication, Media, and Public Opinion\",\"title\":\"Talking about Race: Community Dialogues and the Politics of Difference\",\"isbn\":\"978-0-226-86907-0\",\"shorttitle\":\"Talking about Race\",\"url\":\"https://press.uchicago.edu/ucp/books/book/chicago/T/bo5378428.html\",\"abstract\":\"It is a perennial question: how should Americans deal with racial and ethnic diversity? More than 400 communities across the country have attempted to answer it by organizing discussions among diverse volunteers in an attempt to improve race relations. In Talking about Race, Katherine Cramer Walsh takes an eye-opening look at this strategy to reveal the reasons behind the method and the effects it has in the cities and towns that undertake it.With extensive observations of community dialogues, interviews with the discussants, and sophisticated analysis of national data, Walsh shows that while meeting organizers usually aim to establish common ground, participants tend to leave their discussions with a heightened awareness of differences in perspective and experience. Drawing readers into these intense conversations between ordinary Americans working to deal with diversity and figure out the meaning of citizenship in our society, she challenges many preconceptions about intergroup relations and organized public talk. Finally disputing the conventional wisdom that unity is the only way forward, Walsh prescribes a practical politics of difference that compels us to reassess the place of face-to-face discussion in civic life and the critical role of conflict in deliberative democracy.\",\"language\":\"en\",\"urldate\":\"2024-08-12\",\"publisher\":\"University of Chicago Press\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Walsh\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Katherine\",\"Cramer\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"month\":\"May\",\"year\":\"2007\",\"keywords\":\"america, american, authority, civic, common ground, communal, communities, community, controversial, controversy, cultural, culture, data, debate, dialogue, discourse, discussion, diverse, diversity, ethnic, ethnicity, interpersonal, interracial, national, political, politics, public, race, racial, racism, racist, relations, relationships\",\"bibtex\":\"@book{walsh_talking_2007,\\n\\taddress = {Chicago, IL},\\n\\tseries = {Studies in {Communication}, {Media}, and {Public} {Opinion}},\\n\\ttitle = {Talking about {Race}: {Community} {Dialogues} and the {Politics} of {Difference}},\\n\\tisbn = {978-0-226-86907-0},\\n\\tshorttitle = {Talking about {Race}},\\n\\turl = {https://press.uchicago.edu/ucp/books/book/chicago/T/bo5378428.html},\\n\\tabstract = {It is a perennial question: how should Americans deal with racial and ethnic diversity? More than 400 communities across the country have attempted to answer it by organizing discussions among diverse volunteers in an attempt to improve race relations. In Talking about Race, Katherine Cramer Walsh takes an eye-opening look at this strategy to reveal the reasons behind the method and the effects it has in the cities and towns that undertake it.With extensive observations of community dialogues, interviews with the discussants, and sophisticated analysis of national data, Walsh shows that while meeting organizers usually aim to establish common ground, participants tend to leave their discussions with a heightened awareness of differences in perspective and experience. Drawing readers into these intense conversations between ordinary Americans working to deal with diversity and figure out the meaning of citizenship in our society, she challenges many preconceptions about intergroup relations and organized public talk. Finally disputing the conventional wisdom that unity is the only way forward, Walsh prescribes a practical politics of difference that compels us to reassess the place of face-to-face discussion in civic life and the critical role of conflict in deliberative democracy.},\\n\\tlanguage = {en},\\n\\turldate = {2024-08-12},\\n\\tpublisher = {University of Chicago Press},\\n\\tauthor = {Walsh, Katherine Cramer},\\n\\tmonth = may,\\n\\tyear = {2007},\\n\\tkeywords = {america, american, authority, civic, common ground, communal, communities, community, controversial, controversy, cultural, culture, data, debate, dialogue, discourse, discussion, diverse, diversity, ethnic, ethnicity, interpersonal, interracial, national, political, politics, public, race, racial, racism, racist, relations, relationships},\\n}\\n\\n\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Walsh, K. C.\"],\"key\":\"walsh_talking_2007\",\"id\":\"walsh_talking_2007\",\"bibbaseid\":\"walsh-talkingaboutracecommunitydialoguesandthepoliticsofdifference-2007\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{\"Paper\":\"https://press.uchicago.edu/ucp/books/book/chicago/T/bo5378428.html\"},\"keyword\":[\"america\",\"american\",\"authority\",\"civic\",\"common ground\",\"communal\",\"communities\",\"community\",\"controversial\",\"controversy\",\"cultural\",\"culture\",\"data\",\"debate\",\"dialogue\",\"discourse\",\"discussion\",\"diverse\",\"diversity\",\"ethnic\",\"ethnicity\",\"interpersonal\",\"interracial\",\"national\",\"political\",\"politics\",\"public\",\"race\",\"racial\",\"racism\",\"racist\",\"relations\",\"relationships\"],\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"book\",\"type\":\"book\",\"address\":\"Cambridge, UK\",\"title\":\"Women’s Rights in Democratizing States: Just Debate and Gender Justice in the Public Sphere\",\"isbn\":\"978-1-107-00191-6\",\"shorttitle\":\"Women’s Rights in Democratizing States\",\"url\":\"https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/womens-rights-in-democratizing-states/DD6468BCA0227C3DAF434002AB130189\",\"abstract\":\"This study offers an explanation for why advances in women's rights rarely occur in democratizing states. Drawing on deliberative theory, Denise Walsh argues that the leading institutions in the public sphere are highly gendered, meaning women's ability to shape the content of public debate and put pressure on the state to advance their rights is limited. She tests this claim by measuring the openness and inclusiveness of debate conditions in the public sphere during select time periods in Poland, Chile and South Africa. Through a series of structured, focused comparisons, the book confirms the importance of just debate for securing gender justice. The comparisons also reveal that counter publics in the leading institutions in the public sphere are crucial for expanding debate conditions. The book concludes with an analysis of counter publics and suggests an active role for the state in the public sphere.\",\"urldate\":\"2024-08-12\",\"publisher\":\"Cambridge University Press\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Walsh\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Denise\",\"M.\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"year\":\"2010\",\"doi\":\"10.1017/CBO9780511782220\",\"bibtex\":\"@book{walsh_womens_2010,\\n\\taddress = {Cambridge, UK},\\n\\ttitle = {Women’s {Rights} in {Democratizing} {States}: {Just} {Debate} and {Gender} {Justice} in the {Public} {Sphere}},\\n\\tisbn = {978-1-107-00191-6},\\n\\tshorttitle = {Women’s {Rights} in {Democratizing} {States}},\\n\\turl = {https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/womens-rights-in-democratizing-states/DD6468BCA0227C3DAF434002AB130189},\\n\\tabstract = {This study offers an explanation for why advances in women's rights rarely occur in democratizing states. Drawing on deliberative theory, Denise Walsh argues that the leading institutions in the public sphere are highly gendered, meaning women's ability to shape the content of public debate and put pressure on the state to advance their rights is limited. She tests this claim by measuring the openness and inclusiveness of debate conditions in the public sphere during select time periods in Poland, Chile and South Africa. Through a series of structured, focused comparisons, the book confirms the importance of just debate for securing gender justice. The comparisons also reveal that counter publics in the leading institutions in the public sphere are crucial for expanding debate conditions. The book concludes with an analysis of counter publics and suggests an active role for the state in the public sphere.},\\n\\turldate = {2024-08-12},\\n\\tpublisher = {Cambridge University Press},\\n\\tauthor = {Walsh, Denise M.},\\n\\tyear = {2010},\\n\\tdoi = {10.1017/CBO9780511782220},\\n}\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Walsh, D. M.\"],\"key\":\"walsh_womens_2010\",\"id\":\"walsh_womens_2010\",\"bibbaseid\":\"walsh-womensrightsindemocratizingstatesjustdebateandgenderjusticeinthepublicsphere-2010\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{\"Paper\":\"https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/womens-rights-in-democratizing-states/DD6468BCA0227C3DAF434002AB130189\"},\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"article\",\"type\":\"article\",\"title\":\"From Policy “Frames” to “Framing”: Theorizing a More Dynamic, Political Approach\",\"volume\":\"46\",\"issn\":\"0275-0740\",\"shorttitle\":\"From Policy “Frames” to “Framing”\",\"url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1177/0275074014533142\",\"doi\":\"10.1177/0275074014533142\",\"abstract\":\"The concept of frames or framing, especially cast as “frame analysis,” has an established history in public policy. Taking off from the work of Donald Schön and Martin Rein, we develop the idea of policy analytic framing, the more dynamic of the two terms, in ways that strengthen what we see as its promise for a more process-oriented and politically sensitive understanding of the activities it is used to characterize. We argue that such an approach needs to engage the following aspects of the work that framing does: sense-making; selecting, naming, and categorizing; and storytelling. In addition, frame theorizing needs to engage not only the way issues are framed but also the intertwining of framing and frame-makers’ identities, and the meta-communicative framing of policy processes.\",\"language\":\"en\",\"number\":\"1\",\"urldate\":\"2024-08-12\",\"journal\":\"The American Review of Public Administration\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[\"van\"],\"lastnames\":[\"Hulst\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Merlijn\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Yanow\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Dvora\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"month\":\"January\",\"year\":\"2016\",\"note\":\"Publisher: SAGE Publications Inc\",\"pages\":\"92–112\",\"bibtex\":\"@article{van_hulst_policy_2016,\\n\\ttitle = {From {Policy} “{Frames}” to “{Framing}”: {Theorizing} a {More} {Dynamic}, {Political} {Approach}},\\n\\tvolume = {46},\\n\\tissn = {0275-0740},\\n\\tshorttitle = {From {Policy} “{Frames}” to “{Framing}”},\\n\\turl = {https://doi.org/10.1177/0275074014533142},\\n\\tdoi = {10.1177/0275074014533142},\\n\\tabstract = {The concept of frames or framing, especially cast as “frame analysis,” has an established history in public policy. Taking off from the work of Donald Schön and Martin Rein, we develop the idea of policy analytic framing, the more dynamic of the two terms, in ways that strengthen what we see as its promise for a more process-oriented and politically sensitive understanding of the activities it is used to characterize. We argue that such an approach needs to engage the following aspects of the work that framing does: sense-making; selecting, naming, and categorizing; and storytelling. In addition, frame theorizing needs to engage not only the way issues are framed but also the intertwining of framing and frame-makers’ identities, and the meta-communicative framing of policy processes.},\\n\\tlanguage = {en},\\n\\tnumber = {1},\\n\\turldate = {2024-08-12},\\n\\tjournal = {The American Review of Public Administration},\\n\\tauthor = {van Hulst, Merlijn and Yanow, Dvora},\\n\\tmonth = jan,\\n\\tyear = {2016},\\n\\tnote = {Publisher: SAGE Publications Inc},\\n\\tpages = {92--112},\\n}\\n\\n\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"van Hulst, M.\",\"Yanow, D.\"],\"key\":\"van_hulst_policy_2016\",\"id\":\"van_hulst_policy_2016\",\"bibbaseid\":\"vanhulst-yanow-frompolicyframestoframingtheorizingamoredynamicpoliticalapproach-2016\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{\"Paper\":\"https://doi.org/10.1177/0275074014533142\"},\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"book\",\"type\":\"book\",\"address\":\"New York, NY\",\"title\":\"Philosophical Organization Theory\",\"isbn\":\"978-0-19-879454-7\",\"url\":\"https://global.oup.com/academic/product/philosophical-organization-theory-9780198794547?cc=us&lang=en&#\",\"abstract\":\"When it comes to the field of organization and management theory, a philosophical perspective enables us to conduct organizational research imbued with the attitude of 'wonder'; it helps researchers question dominant images of thought underlying mainstream thinking, and provides fresh distinctions that enable the development of new theory. In bringing together a collection of key essays by Haridimos Tsoukas, this volume explores fundamental concepts, such as organizational routine, that have gained currency in the field, as well as revisiting traditional concepts such as change, strategy, and organization. It discusses organizational knowledge, judgment, and reflection-in-action, and, at the meta-theoretical level, suggests complex forms of theorizing that do justice to the complexity of organizations. The conceptual attention throughout is on process and practice, underlain by performative phenomenology and an emphasis on agents' lived experience. This provides us with the language to appreciate the dynamic character of organizational behaviour, the embeddedness of action, and the complexity of organizational life. The theoretical claims presented in this volume have important implications for practice, insofar as they help retrain our attention; from seeing structures and individuals, we can now appreciate processes, experiences, and practices. A phenomenological attitude makes organization theory more open, more creative, and more reflexive, and this book will be essential reading for researchers and students in the field of organization studies.\",\"language\":\"en\",\"publisher\":\"Oxford University Press\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Tsoukas\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Haridimos\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"month\":\"January\",\"year\":\"2019\",\"note\":\"Google-Books-ID: NtXxtwEACAAJ\",\"keywords\":\"Business & Economics / Organizational Behavior, Business & Economics / Research & Development\",\"bibtex\":\"@book{tsoukas_philosophical_2019,\\n\\taddress = {New York, NY},\\n\\ttitle = {Philosophical {Organization} {Theory}},\\n\\tisbn = {978-0-19-879454-7},\\n\\turl = {https://global.oup.com/academic/product/philosophical-organization-theory-9780198794547?cc=us&lang=en&#},\\n\\tabstract = {When it comes to the field of organization and management theory, a philosophical perspective enables us to conduct organizational research imbued with the attitude of 'wonder'; it helps researchers question dominant images of thought underlying mainstream thinking, and provides fresh distinctions that enable the development of new theory. In bringing together a collection of key essays by Haridimos Tsoukas, this volume explores fundamental concepts, such as organizational routine, that have gained currency in the field, as well as revisiting traditional concepts such as change, strategy, and organization. It discusses organizational knowledge, judgment, and reflection-in-action, and, at the meta-theoretical level, suggests complex forms of theorizing that do justice to the complexity of organizations.  The conceptual attention throughout is on process and practice, underlain by performative phenomenology and an emphasis on agents' lived experience. This provides us with the language to appreciate the dynamic character of organizational behaviour, the embeddedness of action, and the complexity of organizational life. The theoretical claims presented in this volume have important implications for practice, insofar as they help retrain our attention; from seeing structures and individuals, we can now appreciate processes, experiences, and practices. A phenomenological attitude makes organization theory more open, more creative, and more reflexive, and this book will be essential reading for researchers and students in the field of organization studies.},\\n\\tlanguage = {en},\\n\\tpublisher = {Oxford University Press},\\n\\tauthor = {Tsoukas, Haridimos},\\n\\tmonth = jan,\\n\\tyear = {2019},\\n\\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: NtXxtwEACAAJ},\\n\\tkeywords = {Business \\\\& Economics / Organizational Behavior, Business \\\\& Economics / Research \\\\& Development},\\n}\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Tsoukas, H.\"],\"key\":\"tsoukas_philosophical_2019\",\"id\":\"tsoukas_philosophical_2019\",\"bibbaseid\":\"tsoukas-philosophicalorganizationtheory-2019\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{\"Paper\":\"https://global.oup.com/academic/product/philosophical-organization-theory-9780198794547?cc=us&lang=en&#\"},\"keyword\":[\"Business & Economics / Organizational Behavior\",\"Business & Economics / Research & Development\"],\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"book\",\"type\":\"book\",\"address\":\"Madison, WI\",\"title\":\"Whispering Truth to Power: Everyday Resistance to Reconciliation in Postgenocide Rwanda\",\"isbn\":\"978-0-299-29673-5\",\"shorttitle\":\"Whispering Truth to Power\",\"abstract\":\"For 100 days in 1994, genocide engulfed Rwanda. Since then, many in the international community have praised the country's postgenocide government for its efforts to foster national unity and reconciliation by downplaying ethnic differences and promoting \\\"one Rwanda for all Rwandans.\\\" Examining how ordinary rural Rwandans experience and view these policies, Whispering Truth to Power challenges the conventional wisdom on postgenocide Rwanda. Susan Thomson finds that many of Rwanda's poorest citizens distrust the local officials charged with implementing the state program and believe that it ignores the deepest problems of the countryside: lack of land, jobs, and a voice in policies that affect lives and livelihoods. Based on interviews with dozens of Rwandan peasants and government officials, this book reveals how the nation's disenfranchised poor have been engaging in everyday resistance, cautiously and carefully—\\\"whispering\\\" their truth to the powers that be. This quiet opposition, Thomson argues, suggests that some of the nation's most celebrated postgenocide policies have failed to garner the grassroots support needed to sustain peace. “Reveals the lengths [to which] the current government has gone to restructure all spaces of Rwandan society, and how Rwandans continue to resist this state interference in their everyday lives.”—Ethnic and Racial Studies “Thomson’s elegant research is praiseworthy and her arguments are forthright. . . . This important publication will be of great value to scholars of Rwanda and genocide as well as students of reconciliation politics and transitional justice.”—Human Rights Quarterly “Sobering and disturbing. . . . The peasant peoples’ resistance to official policies of national unity and reconciliation emerged because these national schemes do not reflect the peasants’ own lived realities and experiences of state power, genocide, and day-to-day living within their communities. Instead, these official policies disrupt everyday life and endanger existing networks of mutual support and dependence.”—Canadian Journal of Development Studies Outstanding Academic Title, Choice Magazine\",\"language\":\"en\",\"publisher\":\"University of Wisconsin Pres\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Thomson\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Susan\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"month\":\"November\",\"year\":\"2013\",\"note\":\"Google-Books-ID: RfTPAQAAQBAJ\",\"keywords\":\"History / Africa / East, Political Science / General, Political Science / History & Theory, Political Science / Human Rights, Political Science / World / African, Social Science / Sociology / General, Social Science / Violence in Society\",\"bibtex\":\"@book{thomson_whispering_2013,\\n\\taddress = {Madison, WI},\\n\\ttitle = {Whispering {Truth} to {Power}: {Everyday} {Resistance} to {Reconciliation} in {Postgenocide} {Rwanda}},\\n\\tisbn = {978-0-299-29673-5},\\n\\tshorttitle = {Whispering {Truth} to {Power}},\\n\\tabstract = {For 100 days in 1994, genocide engulfed Rwanda. Since then, many in the international community have praised the country's postgenocide government for its efforts to foster national unity and reconciliation by downplaying ethnic differences and promoting \\\"one Rwanda for all Rwandans.\\\" Examining how ordinary rural Rwandans experience and view these policies, Whispering Truth to Power challenges the conventional wisdom on postgenocide Rwanda. Susan Thomson finds that many of Rwanda's poorest citizens distrust the local officials charged with implementing the state program and believe that it ignores the deepest problems of the countryside: lack of land, jobs, and a voice in policies that affect lives and livelihoods. Based on interviews with dozens of Rwandan peasants and government officials, this book reveals how the nation's disenfranchised poor have been engaging in everyday resistance, cautiously and carefully—\\\"whispering\\\" their truth to the powers that be. This quiet opposition, Thomson argues, suggests that some of the nation's most celebrated postgenocide policies have failed to garner the grassroots support needed to sustain peace.  “Reveals the lengths [to which] the current government has gone to restructure all spaces of Rwandan society, and how Rwandans continue to resist this state interference in their everyday lives.”—Ethnic and Racial Studies  “Thomson’s elegant research is praiseworthy and her arguments are forthright. . . . This important publication will be of great value to scholars of Rwanda and genocide as well as students of reconciliation politics and transitional justice.”—Human Rights Quarterly  “Sobering and disturbing. . . . The peasant peoples’ resistance to official policies of national unity and reconciliation emerged because these national schemes do not reflect the peasants’ own lived realities and experiences of state power, genocide, and day-to-day living within their communities. Instead, these official policies disrupt everyday life and endanger existing networks of mutual support and dependence.”—Canadian Journal of Development Studies  Outstanding Academic Title, Choice Magazine},\\n\\tlanguage = {en},\\n\\tpublisher = {University of Wisconsin Pres},\\n\\tauthor = {Thomson, Susan},\\n\\tmonth = nov,\\n\\tyear = {2013},\\n\\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: RfTPAQAAQBAJ},\\n\\tkeywords = {History / Africa / East, Political Science / General, Political Science / History \\\\& Theory, Political Science / Human Rights, Political Science / World / African, Social Science / Sociology / General, Social Science / Violence in Society},\\n}\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Thomson, S.\"],\"key\":\"thomson_whispering_2013\",\"id\":\"thomson_whispering_2013\",\"bibbaseid\":\"thomson-whisperingtruthtopowereverydayresistancetoreconciliationinpostgenociderwanda-2013\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{},\"keyword\":[\"History / Africa / East\",\"Political Science / General\",\"Political Science / History & Theory\",\"Political Science / Human Rights\",\"Political Science / World / African\",\"Social Science / Sociology / General\",\"Social Science / Violence in Society\"],\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"article\",\"type\":\"article\",\"title\":\"Whispering truth to power: The everyday resistance of Rwandan peasants to post-genocide reconciliation\",\"volume\":\"110\",\"issn\":\"0001-9909\",\"url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1093/afraf/adr021\",\"doi\":\"10.1093/afraf/adr021\",\"abstract\":\"The government in post-genocide Rwanda stakes its moral claim to legitimacy on a policy of national unity and reconciliation, claiming to create a ‘Rwanda for all Rwandans’. This article investigates peasant resistance to this policy. Focusing on everyday acts of resistance among the rural poor, it demonstrates that despite the appearance of widespread popular support, many peasant Rwandans consider the various mechanisms of national unity and reconciliation to be unjust and illegitimate. Obedience to the dictates of the policy of national unity is frequently tactical, rather than sincere, as peasants employ various strategies to avoid participation. Through a focus on everyday acts of resistance, the article reveals how the post-genocide state through the policy of national unity and reconciliation seeks to depoliticize peasant people by orchestrating public performances and by closing off the possibility for individuals to join together to organize politically.\",\"number\":\"440\",\"urldate\":\"2024-12-08\",\"journal\":\"African Affairs\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Thomson\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Susan\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"month\":\"July\",\"year\":\"2011\",\"pages\":\"439–456\",\"bibtex\":\"@article{thomson_whispering_2011,\\n\\ttitle = {Whispering truth to power: {The} everyday resistance of {Rwandan} peasants to post-genocide reconciliation},\\n\\tvolume = {110},\\n\\tissn = {0001-9909},\\n\\turl = {https://doi.org/10.1093/afraf/adr021},\\n\\tdoi = {10.1093/afraf/adr021},\\n\\tabstract = {The government in post-genocide Rwanda stakes its moral claim to legitimacy on a policy of national unity and reconciliation, claiming to create a ‘Rwanda for all Rwandans’. This article investigates peasant resistance to this policy. Focusing on everyday acts of resistance among the rural poor, it demonstrates that despite the appearance of widespread popular support, many peasant Rwandans consider the various mechanisms of national unity and reconciliation to be unjust and illegitimate. Obedience to the dictates of the policy of national unity is frequently tactical, rather than sincere, as peasants employ various strategies to avoid participation. Through a focus on everyday acts of resistance, the article reveals how the post-genocide state through the policy of national unity and reconciliation seeks to depoliticize peasant people by orchestrating public performances and by closing off the possibility for individuals to join together to organize politically.},\\n\\tnumber = {440},\\n\\turldate = {2024-12-08},\\n\\tjournal = {African Affairs},\\n\\tauthor = {Thomson, Susan},\\n\\tmonth = jul,\\n\\tyear = {2011},\\n\\tpages = {439--456},\\n}\\n\\n\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Thomson, S.\"],\"key\":\"thomson_whispering_2011\",\"id\":\"thomson_whispering_2011\",\"bibbaseid\":\"thomson-whisperingtruthtopowertheeverydayresistanceofrwandanpeasantstopostgenocidereconciliation-2011\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{\"Paper\":\"https://doi.org/10.1093/afraf/adr021\"},\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"article\",\"type\":\"article\",\"title\":\"Getting Close to Rwandans since the Genocide: Studying Everyday Life in Highly Politicized Research Settings\",\"volume\":\"53\",\"issn\":\"0002-0206\",\"shorttitle\":\"Getting Close to Rwandans since the Genocide\",\"url\":\"https://www.jstor.org/stable/40930964\",\"abstract\":\"Research with people in highly politicized research settings illuminates the gap between the images that most African governments strive to represent and the sociopolitical realities of everyday life. This article discusses the opportunities and challenges of doing research in postgenocide Rwanda and is a useful resource for researchers contemplating their own projects under such conditions, whether in Rwanda or elsewhere. It discusses the importance of creating personal relationships and meeting people on their terms, as well as such topics as the identification of the research site, building rapport and trust with respondents, safeguarding anonymity and confidentiality, and working with local research assistants and partners. La recherche menée avec des collègues dans des milieux de recherche hautement politisés met en lumière l'écart entre l'image que la plupart des gouvernements africains veulent se donner et les réalités socio-économiques de la vie courante. L'article examine les opportunités et les difficultés liées à la recherche menée au Rwanda à la suite du génocide, et se veut une source première utile pour les chercheurs contemplant leurs propres projets dans de telles conditions, que ce soit au Rwanda ou ailleurs. L'article contemple l'importance de créer des liens personnels avec les sujets de la recherche; de travailler avec des partenaires et un assistant de recherche locaux ; d'organiser des rencontres avec des gens ordinaires selon leurs propres termes, y compris le choix des sites de recherche, et l'établissement d'un rapport de confiance avec les personnes interrogées pour protéger l'anonymat et la confidentialité de ceux-ci.\",\"number\":\"3\",\"urldate\":\"2024-08-12\",\"journal\":\"African Studies Review\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Thomson\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Susan\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"year\":\"2010\",\"note\":\"Publisher: Cambridge University Press\",\"pages\":\"19–34\",\"bibtex\":\"@article{thomson_getting_2010,\\n\\ttitle = {Getting {Close} to {Rwandans} since the {Genocide}: {Studying} {Everyday} {Life} in {Highly} {Politicized} {Research} {Settings}},\\n\\tvolume = {53},\\n\\tissn = {0002-0206},\\n\\tshorttitle = {Getting {Close} to {Rwandans} since the {Genocide}},\\n\\turl = {https://www.jstor.org/stable/40930964},\\n\\tabstract = {Research with people in highly politicized research settings illuminates the gap between the images that most African governments strive to represent and the sociopolitical realities of everyday life. This article discusses the opportunities and challenges of doing research in postgenocide Rwanda and is a useful resource for researchers contemplating their own projects under such conditions, whether in Rwanda or elsewhere. It discusses the importance of creating personal relationships and meeting people on their terms, as well as such topics as the identification of the research site, building rapport and trust with respondents, safeguarding anonymity and confidentiality, and working with local research assistants and partners. La recherche menée avec des collègues dans des milieux de recherche hautement politisés met en lumière l'écart entre l'image que la plupart des gouvernements africains veulent se donner et les réalités socio-économiques de la vie courante. L'article examine les opportunités et les difficultés liées à la recherche menée au Rwanda à la suite du génocide, et se veut une source première utile pour les chercheurs contemplant leurs propres projets dans de telles conditions, que ce soit au Rwanda ou ailleurs. L'article contemple l'importance de créer des liens personnels avec les sujets de la recherche; de travailler avec des partenaires et un assistant de recherche locaux ; d'organiser des rencontres avec des gens ordinaires selon leurs propres termes, y compris le choix des sites de recherche, et l'établissement d'un rapport de confiance avec les personnes interrogées pour protéger l'anonymat et la confidentialité de ceux-ci.},\\n\\tnumber = {3},\\n\\turldate = {2024-08-12},\\n\\tjournal = {African Studies Review},\\n\\tauthor = {Thomson, Susan},\\n\\tyear = {2010},\\n\\tnote = {Publisher: Cambridge University Press},\\n\\tpages = {19--34},\\n}\\n\\n\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Thomson, S.\"],\"key\":\"thomson_getting_2010\",\"id\":\"thomson_getting_2010\",\"bibbaseid\":\"thomson-gettingclosetorwandanssincethegenocidestudyingeverydaylifeinhighlypoliticizedresearchsettings-2010\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{\"Paper\":\"https://www.jstor.org/stable/40930964\"},\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"incollection\",\"type\":\"incollection\",\"address\":\"Albany, NY\",\"title\":\"Making Clients and Citizens: Welfare Policy as a Source of Status, Belief, and Action\",\"isbn\":\"978-0-7914-8383-1\",\"url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1515/9780791483831-013\",\"abstract\":\"Making Clients and Citizens: Welfare Policy as a Source of Status, Belief, and Action was published in Deserving and Entitled on page 291.\",\"urldate\":\"2024-08-12\",\"booktitle\":\"Making Clients and Citizens: Welfare Policy as a Source of Status, Belief, and Action\",\"publisher\":\"SUNY Press\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Soss\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Joe\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"editor\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Schneider\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Anne\",\"L.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Ingram\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Helen\",\"M.\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"year\":\"2012\",\"doi\":\"doi:10.1515/9780791483831-013\",\"pages\":\"291–328\",\"bibtex\":\"@incollection{soss_making_2012,\\n\\taddress = {Albany, NY},\\n\\ttitle = {Making {Clients} and {Citizens}: {Welfare} {Policy} as a {Source} of {Status}, {Belief}, and {Action}},\\n\\tisbn = {978-0-7914-8383-1},\\n\\turl = {https://doi.org/10.1515/9780791483831-013},\\n\\tabstract = {Making Clients and Citizens: Welfare Policy as a Source of Status, Belief, and Action was published in Deserving and Entitled on page 291.},\\n\\turldate = {2024-08-12},\\n\\tbooktitle = {Making {Clients} and {Citizens}: {Welfare} {Policy} as a {Source} of {Status}, {Belief}, and {Action}},\\n\\tpublisher = {SUNY Press},\\n\\tauthor = {Soss, Joe},\\n\\teditor = {Schneider, Anne L. and Ingram, Helen M.},\\n\\tyear = {2012},\\n\\tdoi = {doi:10.1515/9780791483831-013},\\n\\tpages = {291--328},\\n}\\n\\n\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Soss, J.\"],\"editor_short\":[\"Schneider, A. L.\",\"Ingram, H. M.\"],\"key\":\"soss_making_2012\",\"id\":\"soss_making_2012\",\"bibbaseid\":\"soss-makingclientsandcitizenswelfarepolicyasasourceofstatusbeliefandaction-2012\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{\"Paper\":\"https://doi.org/10.1515/9780791483831-013\"},\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"book\",\"type\":\"book\",\"address\":\"Ann Arbor, MI\",\"title\":\"Unwanted Claims: The Politics of Participation in the U.S. Welfare System\",\"isbn\":\"978-0-472-08902-4\",\"shorttitle\":\"Unwanted Claims\",\"url\":\"https://doi.org/10.3998/mpub.16475\",\"abstract\":\"Large numbers of Americans claim public resources and participate in direct relationships with government through the diversity of welfare programs found in the United States. Most public debates ignore the political importance of these activities, focusing instead on the economic and moral questions raised by welfare policy. By contrast, Unwanted Claims asks how different types of welfare programs, such as social insurance and public assistance, affect the lives of ordinary citizens. The author investigates why citizens turn to welfare programs, how they view the welfare system, and what they learn from experiences in welfare programs about themselves and government. The analysis shows that the welfare system plays a surprisingly important and sometimes contradictory role in modern political life. Depending on their designs, welfare programs can draw citizens into a more inclusive and vibrant democracy or treat them in ways that reinforce their social and political marginality.Unwanted Claims is a work of political sociology that provides an illuminating account of political life in the U.S. welfare system that should be of interest to scholars, students, policy practitioners, and the general public. Written in a style that minimizes technical jargon, avoids complex statistical presentations, and makes extensive use of clients' own descriptions of their experiences, beliefs, and actions, it offers an accessible and humanizing portrait of welfare participation that challenges conventional wisdom and raises important questions about poverty, welfare, and democracy in America.Joe Soss is Assistant Professor of Government, The American University.\",\"language\":\"en\",\"publisher\":\"University of Michigan Press\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Soss\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Joe\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"year\":\"2000\",\"keywords\":\"Political Science / General, Political Science / Public Policy / Social Services & Welfare, Social Science / Sociology / General\",\"bibtex\":\"@book{soss_unwanted_2000,\\n\\taddress = {Ann Arbor, MI},\\n\\ttitle = {Unwanted {Claims}: {The} {Politics} of {Participation} in the {U}.{S}. {Welfare} {System}},\\n\\tisbn = {978-0-472-08902-4},\\n\\tshorttitle = {Unwanted {Claims}},\\n\\turl = {https://doi.org/10.3998/mpub.16475},\\n\\tabstract = {Large numbers of Americans claim public resources and participate in direct relationships with government through the diversity of welfare programs found in the United States. Most public debates ignore the political importance of these activities, focusing instead on the economic and moral questions raised by welfare policy. By contrast, Unwanted Claims asks how different types of welfare programs, such as social insurance and public assistance, affect the lives of ordinary citizens. The author investigates why citizens turn to welfare programs, how they view the welfare system, and what they learn from experiences in welfare programs about themselves and government. The analysis shows that the welfare system plays a surprisingly important and sometimes contradictory role in modern political life. Depending on their designs, welfare programs can draw citizens into a more inclusive and vibrant democracy or treat them in ways that reinforce their social and political marginality.Unwanted Claims is a work of political sociology that provides an illuminating account of political life in the U.S. welfare system that should be of interest to scholars, students, policy practitioners, and the general public. Written in a style that minimizes technical jargon, avoids complex statistical presentations, and makes extensive use of clients' own descriptions of their experiences, beliefs, and actions, it offers an accessible and humanizing portrait of welfare participation that challenges conventional wisdom and raises important questions about poverty, welfare, and democracy in America.Joe Soss is Assistant Professor of Government, The American University.},\\n\\tlanguage = {en},\\n\\tpublisher = {University of Michigan Press},\\n\\tauthor = {Soss, Joe},\\n\\tyear = {2000},\\n\\tkeywords = {Political Science / General, Political Science / Public Policy / Social Services \\\\& Welfare, Social Science / Sociology / General},\\n}\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Soss, J.\"],\"key\":\"soss_unwanted_2000\",\"id\":\"soss_unwanted_2000\",\"bibbaseid\":\"soss-unwantedclaimsthepoliticsofparticipationintheuswelfaresystem-2000\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{\"Paper\":\"https://doi.org/10.3998/mpub.16475\"},\"keyword\":[\"Political Science / General\",\"Political Science / Public Policy / Social Services & Welfare\",\"Social Science / Sociology / General\"],\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"book\",\"type\":\"book\",\"address\":\"New York, NY\",\"title\":\"Contradictions of Democracy: Vigilantism and Rights in Post-Apartheid South Africa\",\"isbn\":\"978-0-19-084720-3\",\"shorttitle\":\"Contradictions of Democracy\",\"url\":\"https://academic.oup.com/book/6890\",\"abstract\":\"Despite being one of the world's most vibrant democracies, police estimate between five and ten percent of the murders in South Africa result from vigilante violence. This is puzzling given the country's celebrated transition to democracy and massive reform of the state's legal institutions. Where most studies explain vigilantism as a response to state or civic failure, in Contradictions of Democracy, Nicholas Rush Smith illustrates that vigilantism is actually a response to the processes of democratic state formation. In the context of densely networked neighborhoods, vigilante citizens often interpret the technical success of legal institutions-for instance, the arrest and subsequent release of suspects on bail-as failure and work to correct such perceived failures on their own. Smith also shows that vigilantism provides a new lens through which to understand democratic state formation. Among young men of color in some parts of South Africa, fear of extra-judicial police violence is common. Amid such fear, instead of the state seeming protective, it can appear as something akin to a massive vigilante organization. An insightful look into the high rates of vigilantism in South Africa and the general challenges of democratic state building, Contradictions of Democracy explores fundamental questions about political order, the rule of law, and democratic citizenship.\",\"language\":\"en\",\"publisher\":\"Oxford University Press\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Smith\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Nicholas\",\"Rush\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"month\":\"January\",\"year\":\"2019\",\"note\":\"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190847180.001.0001\",\"keywords\":\"Law / General, Political Science / Comparative Politics, Political Science / Geopolitics, Social Science / Anthropology / Cultural & Social, Social Science / Criminology, Social Science / Ethnic Studies / General\",\"bibtex\":\"@book{smith_contradictions_2019,\\n\\taddress = {New York, NY},\\n\\ttitle = {Contradictions of {Democracy}: {Vigilantism} and {Rights} in {Post}-{Apartheid} {South} {Africa}},\\n\\tisbn = {978-0-19-084720-3},\\n\\tshorttitle = {Contradictions of {Democracy}},\\n\\turl = {https://academic.oup.com/book/6890},\\n\\tabstract = {Despite being one of the world's most vibrant democracies, police estimate between five and ten percent of the murders in South Africa result from vigilante violence. This is puzzling given the country's celebrated transition to democracy and massive reform of the state's legal institutions. Where most studies explain vigilantism as a response to state or civic failure, in Contradictions of Democracy, Nicholas Rush Smith illustrates that vigilantism is actually a response to the processes of democratic state formation. In the context of densely networked neighborhoods, vigilante citizens often interpret the technical success of legal institutions-for instance, the arrest and subsequent release of suspects on bail-as failure and work to correct such perceived failures on their own. Smith also shows that vigilantism provides a new lens through which to understand democratic state formation. Among young men of color in some parts of South Africa, fear of extra-judicial police violence is common. Amid such fear, instead of the state seeming protective, it can appear as something akin to a massive vigilante organization. An insightful look into the high rates of vigilantism in South Africa and the general challenges of democratic state building, Contradictions of Democracy explores fundamental questions about political order, the rule of law, and democratic citizenship.},\\n\\tlanguage = {en},\\n\\tpublisher = {Oxford University Press},\\n\\tauthor = {Smith, Nicholas Rush},\\n\\tmonth = jan,\\n\\tyear = {2019},\\n\\tnote = {https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190847180.001.0001},\\n\\tkeywords = {Law / General, Political Science / Comparative Politics, Political Science / Geopolitics, Social Science / Anthropology / Cultural \\\\& Social, Social Science / Criminology, Social Science / Ethnic Studies / General},\\n}\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Smith, N. R.\"],\"key\":\"smith_contradictions_2019\",\"id\":\"smith_contradictions_2019\",\"bibbaseid\":\"smith-contradictionsofdemocracyvigilantismandrightsinpostapartheidsouthafrica-2019\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{\"Paper\":\"https://academic.oup.com/book/6890\"},\"keyword\":[\"Law / General\",\"Political Science / Comparative Politics\",\"Political Science / Geopolitics\",\"Social Science / Anthropology / Cultural & Social\",\"Social Science / Criminology\",\"Social Science / Ethnic Studies / General\"],\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"book\",\"type\":\"book\",\"address\":\"New York, NY\",\"title\":\"Welfare Reform and Sexual Regulation\",\"isbn\":\"978-0-521-82095-0\",\"url\":\"https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/welfare-reform-and-sexual-regulation/A81B668AF0D1C28531598F59AD2D2661\",\"abstract\":\"Inspired by the political interventions of feminist women of color and Foucauldian social theory, Anna Marie Smith explores the scope and structure of the child support enforcement, family cap, marriage promotion, and abstinence education measures that are embedded within contemporary United States welfare policy. Presenting original legal research and drawing from historical sources, social theory, and normative frameworks, the author argues that these measures violate the rights of poor mothers. Drawing on several historical precedents the author shows that welfare policy has consistently constructed the sexual conduct of the racialized poor mother as one of its primary disciplinary targets. The book concludes with a vigorous and detailed critique of Sen. Hillary Rodham Clinton's support for welfare reform law and an outline of a progressive feminist approach to poverty policy.\",\"urldate\":\"2024-08-12\",\"publisher\":\"Cambridge University Press\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Smith\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Anna\",\"Marie\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"year\":\"2007\",\"doi\":\"10.1017/CBO9780511619106\",\"bibtex\":\"@book{smith_welfare_2007,\\n\\taddress = {New York, NY},\\n\\ttitle = {Welfare {Reform} and {Sexual} {Regulation}},\\n\\tisbn = {978-0-521-82095-0},\\n\\turl = {https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/welfare-reform-and-sexual-regulation/A81B668AF0D1C28531598F59AD2D2661},\\n\\tabstract = {Inspired by the political interventions of feminist women of color and Foucauldian social theory, Anna Marie Smith explores the scope and structure of the child support enforcement, family cap, marriage promotion, and abstinence education measures that are embedded within contemporary United States welfare policy. Presenting original legal research and drawing from historical sources, social theory, and normative frameworks, the author argues that these measures violate the rights of poor mothers. Drawing on several historical precedents the author shows that welfare policy has consistently constructed the sexual conduct of the racialized poor mother as one of its primary disciplinary targets. The book concludes with a vigorous and detailed critique of Sen. Hillary Rodham Clinton's support for welfare reform law and an outline of a progressive feminist approach to poverty policy.},\\n\\turldate = {2024-08-12},\\n\\tpublisher = {Cambridge University Press},\\n\\tauthor = {Smith, Anna Marie},\\n\\tyear = {2007},\\n\\tdoi = {10.1017/CBO9780511619106},\\n}\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Smith, A. M.\"],\"key\":\"smith_welfare_2007\",\"id\":\"smith_welfare_2007\",\"bibbaseid\":\"smith-welfarereformandsexualregulation-2007\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{\"Paper\":\"https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/welfare-reform-and-sexual-regulation/A81B668AF0D1C28531598F59AD2D2661\"},\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"article\",\"type\":\"article\",\"title\":\"The Politicization of Marriage in Contemporary American Public Policy: The Defense of Marriage Act and the Personal Responsibility Act\",\"volume\":\"5\",\"copyright\":\"Copyright Taylor and Francis Group, LLC\",\"shorttitle\":\"The Politicization of Marriage in Contemporary American Public Policy\",\"url\":\"https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13621020120085261\",\"doi\":\"10.1080/13621020120085261\",\"language\":\"EN\",\"number\":\"3\",\"urldate\":\"2024-08-12\",\"journal\":\"Citizenship Studies\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Smith\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Anna\",\"Marie\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"month\":\"November\",\"year\":\"2001\",\"note\":\"Publisher: Taylor & Francis Group\",\"pages\":\"303–320\",\"bibtex\":\"@article{smith_politicization_2001,\\n\\ttitle = {The {Politicization} of {Marriage} in {Contemporary} {American} {Public} {Policy}: {The} {Defense} of {Marriage} {Act} and the {Personal} {Responsibility} {Act}},\\n\\tvolume = {5},\\n\\tcopyright = {Copyright Taylor and Francis Group, LLC},\\n\\tshorttitle = {The {Politicization} of {Marriage} in {Contemporary} {American} {Public} {Policy}},\\n\\turl = {https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13621020120085261},\\n\\tdoi = {10.1080/13621020120085261},\\n\\tlanguage = {EN},\\n\\tnumber = {3},\\n\\turldate = {2024-08-12},\\n\\tjournal = {Citizenship Studies},\\n\\tauthor = {Smith, Anna Marie},\\n\\tmonth = nov,\\n\\tyear = {2001},\\n\\tnote = {Publisher: Taylor \\\\& Francis Group},\\n\\tpages = {303--320},\\n}\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Smith, A. M.\"],\"key\":\"smith_politicization_2001\",\"id\":\"smith_politicization_2001\",\"bibbaseid\":\"smith-thepoliticizationofmarriageincontemporaryamericanpublicpolicythedefenseofmarriageactandthepersonalresponsibilityact-2001\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{\"Paper\":\"https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13621020120085261\"},\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"article\",\"type\":\"article\",\"title\":\"Return migration as a win-win-win scenario? Visions of return among Senegalese migrants, the state of origin and receiving countries\",\"volume\":\"38\",\"issn\":\"0141-9870\",\"shorttitle\":\"Return migration as a win-win-win scenario?\",\"url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1080/01419870.2013.868016\",\"doi\":\"10.1080/01419870.2013.868016\",\"abstract\":\"This article explores the topic of return migration as it is understood and practised by different actors who engage with this theme, albeit from different perspectives. Return migration is paraded in policy debates as a triple-win scenario, bringing advantages to receiving states, countries of origin and migrants. Yet this article reveals how return migration is understood differently by policymakers in Senegal and Europe and by the migrants targeted by their policies. Interpretations are based on conflicting underlying assumptions of what return is, its benefits and its relation to transnational movement. Inspired by the discursive paradigm in political studies, this article utilizes interpretive tools to examine the structures that support and give meaning to understandings of return among institutional actors and migrants. It concludes that new theorization is needed to grasp the full complexity of return migration as a phenomenon that is marked by different temporalities and aspirations.\",\"number\":\"2\",\"urldate\":\"2024-08-12\",\"journal\":\"Ethnic and Racial Studies\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Sinatti\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Giulia\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"month\":\"January\",\"year\":\"2015\",\"note\":\"Publisher: Routledge _eprint: https://doi.org/10.1080/01419870.2013.868016\",\"keywords\":\"Europe, Senegal, development, policy analysis, return migration, transnationalism\",\"pages\":\"275–291\",\"bibtex\":\"@article{sinatti_return_2015,\\n\\ttitle = {Return migration as a win-win-win scenario? {Visions} of return among {Senegalese} migrants, the state of origin and receiving countries},\\n\\tvolume = {38},\\n\\tissn = {0141-9870},\\n\\tshorttitle = {Return migration as a win-win-win scenario?},\\n\\turl = {https://doi.org/10.1080/01419870.2013.868016},\\n\\tdoi = {10.1080/01419870.2013.868016},\\n\\tabstract = {This article explores the topic of return migration as it is understood and practised by different actors who engage with this theme, albeit from different perspectives. Return migration is paraded in policy debates as a triple-win scenario, bringing advantages to receiving states, countries of origin and migrants. Yet this article reveals how return migration is understood differently by policymakers in Senegal and Europe and by the migrants targeted by their policies. Interpretations are based on conflicting underlying assumptions of what return is, its benefits and its relation to transnational movement. Inspired by the discursive paradigm in political studies, this article utilizes interpretive tools to examine the structures that support and give meaning to understandings of return among institutional actors and migrants. It concludes that new theorization is needed to grasp the full complexity of return migration as a phenomenon that is marked by different temporalities and aspirations.},\\n\\tnumber = {2},\\n\\turldate = {2024-08-12},\\n\\tjournal = {Ethnic and Racial Studies},\\n\\tauthor = {Sinatti, Giulia},\\n\\tmonth = jan,\\n\\tyear = {2015},\\n\\tnote = {Publisher: Routledge\\n\\\\_eprint: https://doi.org/10.1080/01419870.2013.868016},\\n\\tkeywords = {Europe, Senegal, development, policy analysis, return migration, transnationalism},\\n\\tpages = {275--291},\\n}\\n\\n\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Sinatti, G.\"],\"key\":\"sinatti_return_2015\",\"id\":\"sinatti_return_2015\",\"bibbaseid\":\"sinatti-returnmigrationasawinwinwinscenariovisionsofreturnamongsenegalesemigrantsthestateoforiginandreceivingcountries-2015\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{\"Paper\":\"https://doi.org/10.1080/01419870.2013.868016\"},\"keyword\":[\"Europe\",\"Senegal\",\"development\",\"policy analysis\",\"return migration\",\"transnationalism\"],\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"article\",\"type\":\"article\",\"title\":\"Comparison with an Ethnographic Sensibility\",\"volume\":\"50\",\"issn\":\"1049-0965, 1537-5935\",\"url\":\"https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/ps-political-science-and-politics/article/abs/comparison-with-an-ethnographic-sensibility/8DEDAA6F4EA000AD22A6A434A540393D\",\"doi\":\"10.1017/S1049096516002286\",\"abstract\":\"//static.cambridge.org/content/id/urn%3Acambridge.org%3Aid%3Aarticle%3AS1049096516002286/resource/name/firstPage-S1049096516002286a.jpg\",\"language\":\"en\",\"number\":\"1\",\"urldate\":\"2024-08-12\",\"journal\":\"PS: Political Science & Politics\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Simmons\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Erica\",\"S.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Smith\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Nicholas\",\"Rush\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"month\":\"January\",\"year\":\"2017\",\"pages\":\"126–130\",\"bibtex\":\"@article{simmons_comparison_2017,\\n\\ttitle = {Comparison with an {Ethnographic} {Sensibility}},\\n\\tvolume = {50},\\n\\tissn = {1049-0965, 1537-5935},\\n\\turl = {https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/ps-political-science-and-politics/article/abs/comparison-with-an-ethnographic-sensibility/8DEDAA6F4EA000AD22A6A434A540393D},\\n\\tdoi = {10.1017/S1049096516002286},\\n\\tabstract = {//static.cambridge.org/content/id/urn\\\\%3Acambridge.org\\\\%3Aid\\\\%3Aarticle\\\\%3AS1049096516002286/resource/name/firstPage-S1049096516002286a.jpg},\\n\\tlanguage = {en},\\n\\tnumber = {1},\\n\\turldate = {2024-08-12},\\n\\tjournal = {PS: Political Science \\\\& Politics},\\n\\tauthor = {Simmons, Erica S. and Smith, Nicholas Rush},\\n\\tmonth = jan,\\n\\tyear = {2017},\\n\\tpages = {126--130},\\n}\\n\\n\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Simmons, E. S.\",\"Smith, N. R.\"],\"key\":\"simmons_comparison_2017\",\"id\":\"simmons_comparison_2017\",\"bibbaseid\":\"simmons-smith-comparisonwithanethnographicsensibility-2017\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{\"Paper\":\"https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/ps-political-science-and-politics/article/abs/comparison-with-an-ethnographic-sensibility/8DEDAA6F4EA000AD22A6A434A540393D\"},\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"article\",\"type\":\"article\",\"title\":\"Market Reforms and Water Wars\",\"volume\":\"68\",\"issn\":\"0043-8871\",\"url\":\"https://www.jstor.org/stable/24579184\",\"abstract\":\"Responses to the imposition of market-oriented economic policies have varied. This article asks two questions: (1) How can we better understand when marketization will or will not prompt resistance? And (2) when people do mobilize, why are some movements broad-based while others draw on particular segments of society? The author argues that these questions can best be answered by focusing not only on the political contexts and resources available to potential social movements, but also on what is perceived to be at stake during marketization. These perceptions influence mobilization processes and the kinds of groups available for mobilization. When people understand markets as threatening to material wellbeing, as well as to widely shared community relationships, understandings, and commitments, heightened feelings of group belonging can contribute to broad-based mobilization. The author develops this argument through analysis of the broad-based, widespread movement that emerged to protest water privatization in Cochabamba, Bolivia, in 1999 and 2000. In the context of a history of agriculture, irrigation, drought, and conflict, water helped to produce and reproduce imagined communities of nation, region, and ethnic group, as well as quotidian communities revolving around the routine production and consumption of water. These meanings help to explain the dynamics of the resistance that emerged.\",\"number\":\"1\",\"urldate\":\"2024-08-12\",\"journal\":\"World Politics\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Simmons\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Erica\",\"S.\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"year\":\"2016\",\"note\":\"Publisher: [Cambridge University Press, Trustees of Princeton University]\",\"pages\":\"37–73\",\"bibtex\":\"@article{simmons_market_2016,\\n\\ttitle = {Market {Reforms} and {Water} {Wars}},\\n\\tvolume = {68},\\n\\tissn = {0043-8871},\\n\\turl = {https://www.jstor.org/stable/24579184},\\n\\tabstract = {Responses to the imposition of market-oriented economic policies have varied. This article asks two questions: (1) How can we better understand when marketization will or will not prompt resistance? And (2) when people do mobilize, why are some movements broad-based while others draw on particular segments of society? The author argues that these questions can best be answered by focusing not only on the political contexts and resources available to potential social movements, but also on what is perceived to be at stake during marketization. These perceptions influence mobilization processes and the kinds of groups available for mobilization. When people understand markets as threatening to material wellbeing, as well as to widely shared community relationships, understandings, and commitments, heightened feelings of group belonging can contribute to broad-based mobilization. The author develops this argument through analysis of the broad-based, widespread movement that emerged to protest water privatization in Cochabamba, Bolivia, in 1999 and 2000. In the context of a history of agriculture, irrigation, drought, and conflict, water helped to produce and reproduce imagined communities of nation, region, and ethnic group, as well as quotidian communities revolving around the routine production and consumption of water. These meanings help to explain the dynamics of the resistance that emerged.},\\n\\tnumber = {1},\\n\\turldate = {2024-08-12},\\n\\tjournal = {World Politics},\\n\\tauthor = {Simmons, Erica S.},\\n\\tyear = {2016},\\n\\tnote = {Publisher: [Cambridge University Press, Trustees of Princeton University]},\\n\\tpages = {37--73},\\n}\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Simmons, E. S.\"],\"key\":\"simmons_market_2016\",\"id\":\"simmons_market_2016\",\"bibbaseid\":\"simmons-marketreformsandwaterwars-2016\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{\"Paper\":\"https://www.jstor.org/stable/24579184\"},\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"article\",\"type\":\"article\",\"title\":\"Ethics, empathy, and fear in research on violent conflict\",\"volume\":\"56\",\"issn\":\"0022-3433\",\"url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1177/0022343318783246\",\"doi\":\"10.1177/0022343318783246\",\"abstract\":\"The discussion of ethics in the social sciences focuses on ‘doing no harm’ and ‘giving back’ to research participants, but does not explore the challenges of empathy and fear in research with participants in political violence and war. Drawing on 180 in-depth interviews on the Georgian–Abkhaz war of 1992–93 collected over eight months between 2010 and 2013 primarily in Abkhazia, but also Georgia and Russia, I argue that researchers can come to empathize with some but fear other participants in past and present violence. These emotional responses can influence researchers’ ability to probe and interpret interviews and respondents’ ability to surpass strong positions to explore dilemmas of participation in violence. By empathizing with not only ‘victims’ and ‘non-fighters’ as I had expected based on my pre-existing moral-conceptual categories, but also participants in the war, I found that individuals adopted multiple overlapping roles and shifted between these roles in the changing conditions of violence. In contrast, failing to empathize with and fearing those who continued to participate in violence after the war of 1992–93 limited my ability to fully appreciate the complexity of their participation, but shed light on the context of violence in contemporary Abkhazia. This analysis shows that reflection on the role of empathy and fear in shaping our interactions with research participants can help advance our understanding of participation in violence and this difficult research context.\",\"language\":\"en\",\"number\":\"2\",\"urldate\":\"2024-08-12\",\"journal\":\"Journal of Peace Research\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Shesterinina\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Anastasia\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"month\":\"March\",\"year\":\"2019\",\"note\":\"Publisher: SAGE Publications Ltd\",\"pages\":\"190–202\",\"bibtex\":\"@article{shesterinina_ethics_2019,\\n\\ttitle = {Ethics, empathy, and fear in research on violent conflict},\\n\\tvolume = {56},\\n\\tissn = {0022-3433},\\n\\turl = {https://doi.org/10.1177/0022343318783246},\\n\\tdoi = {10.1177/0022343318783246},\\n\\tabstract = {The discussion of ethics in the social sciences focuses on ‘doing no harm’ and ‘giving back’ to research participants, but does not explore the challenges of empathy and fear in research with participants in political violence and war. Drawing on 180 in-depth interviews on the Georgian–Abkhaz war of 1992–93 collected over eight months between 2010 and 2013 primarily in Abkhazia, but also Georgia and Russia, I argue that researchers can come to empathize with some but fear other participants in past and present violence. These emotional responses can influence researchers’ ability to probe and interpret interviews and respondents’ ability to surpass strong positions to explore dilemmas of participation in violence. By empathizing with not only ‘victims’ and ‘non-fighters’ as I had expected based on my pre-existing moral-conceptual categories, but also participants in the war, I found that individuals adopted multiple overlapping roles and shifted between these roles in the changing conditions of violence. In contrast, failing to empathize with and fearing those who continued to participate in violence after the war of 1992–93 limited my ability to fully appreciate the complexity of their participation, but shed light on the context of violence in contemporary Abkhazia. This analysis shows that reflection on the role of empathy and fear in shaping our interactions with research participants can help advance our understanding of participation in violence and this difficult research context.},\\n\\tlanguage = {en},\\n\\tnumber = {2},\\n\\turldate = {2024-08-12},\\n\\tjournal = {Journal of Peace Research},\\n\\tauthor = {Shesterinina, Anastasia},\\n\\tmonth = mar,\\n\\tyear = {2019},\\n\\tnote = {Publisher: SAGE Publications Ltd},\\n\\tpages = {190--202},\\n}\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Shesterinina, A.\"],\"key\":\"shesterinina_ethics_2019\",\"id\":\"shesterinina_ethics_2019\",\"bibbaseid\":\"shesterinina-ethicsempathyandfearinresearchonviolentconflict-2019\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{\"Paper\":\"https://doi.org/10.1177/0022343318783246\"},\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"article\",\"type\":\"article\",\"title\":\"Collective Threat Framing and Mobilization in Civil War\",\"volume\":\"110\",\"issn\":\"0003-0554, 1537-5943\",\"url\":\"https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/american-political-science-review/article/abs/collective-threat-framing-and-mobilization-in-civil-war/330C40CA3925F3DA0DDC93BFA40F5C32\",\"doi\":\"10.1017/S0003055416000277\",\"abstract\":\"Research on civil war mobilization emphasizes armed group recruitment tactics and individual motivations to fight, but does not explore how individuals come to perceive the threat involved in civil war. Drawing on eight months of fieldwork with participants and nonparticipants in the Georgian-Abkhaz war of 1992–93, this article argues that social structures, within which individuals are embedded, provide access to information critical for mobilization decisions by collectively framing threat. Threat framing filters from national through local leadership, to be consolidated and acted on within quotidian networks. Depending on how the threat is perceived—whether toward the self or the collectivity at its different levels—individuals adopt self- to other-regarding roles, from fleeing to fighting on behalf of the collectivity, even if it is a weaker actor in the war. This analysis sheds light on how the social framing of threat shapes mobilization trajectories and how normative and instrumental motivations interact in civil war.\",\"language\":\"en\",\"number\":\"3\",\"urldate\":\"2024-08-12\",\"journal\":\"American Political Science Review\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Shesterinina\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Anastasia\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"month\":\"August\",\"year\":\"2016\",\"pages\":\"411–427\",\"bibtex\":\"@article{shesterinina_collective_2016,\\n\\ttitle = {Collective {Threat} {Framing} and {Mobilization} in {Civil} {War}},\\n\\tvolume = {110},\\n\\tissn = {0003-0554, 1537-5943},\\n\\turl = {https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/american-political-science-review/article/abs/collective-threat-framing-and-mobilization-in-civil-war/330C40CA3925F3DA0DDC93BFA40F5C32},\\n\\tdoi = {10.1017/S0003055416000277},\\n\\tabstract = {Research on civil war mobilization emphasizes armed group recruitment tactics and individual motivations to fight, but does not explore how individuals come to perceive the threat involved in civil war. Drawing on eight months of fieldwork with participants and nonparticipants in the Georgian-Abkhaz war of 1992–93, this article argues that social structures, within which individuals are embedded, provide access to information critical for mobilization decisions by collectively framing threat. Threat framing filters from national through local leadership, to be consolidated and acted on within quotidian networks. Depending on how the threat is perceived—whether toward the self or the collectivity at its different levels—individuals adopt self- to other-regarding roles, from fleeing to fighting on behalf of the collectivity, even if it is a weaker actor in the war. This analysis sheds light on how the social framing of threat shapes mobilization trajectories and how normative and instrumental motivations interact in civil war.},\\n\\tlanguage = {en},\\n\\tnumber = {3},\\n\\turldate = {2024-08-12},\\n\\tjournal = {American Political Science Review},\\n\\tauthor = {Shesterinina, Anastasia},\\n\\tmonth = aug,\\n\\tyear = {2016},\\n\\tpages = {411--427},\\n}\\n\\n\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Shesterinina, A.\"],\"key\":\"shesterinina_collective_2016\",\"id\":\"shesterinina_collective_2016\",\"bibbaseid\":\"shesterinina-collectivethreatframingandmobilizationincivilwar-2016\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{\"Paper\":\"https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/american-political-science-review/article/abs/collective-threat-framing-and-mobilization-in-civil-war/330C40CA3925F3DA0DDC93BFA40F5C32\"},\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"article\",\"type\":\"article\",\"title\":\"Dynamics of Perpetuation: The Politics of Keeping Highly Toxic Pesticides on the Market in Ecuador\",\"volume\":\"9\",\"shorttitle\":\"Dynamics of Perpetuation\",\"url\":\"https://www.berghahnjournals.com/view/journals/nature-and-culture/9/1/nc090102.xml\",\"doi\":\"10.3167/nc.2014.090102\",\"abstract\":\"Based on reflective practice over 15 years in Ecuador, the authors examine the perpetuation of knowingly harmful public policy in highly toxic pesticides. They study how actors cooperate, collude, and collide in advancing certain technological agenda, even when against public interests. Ultimately, entrenchment of perspective opened up space for arrival of new social actors and competing activity and transition. In light of struggles for sustainability, the authors find neglected policy opportunities in the heterogeneity of peoples' daily practices and countermovements, leading to a call for further attention to the inherently incoherent, complex, and irresolvable human face of sociotechnical change.\",\"language\":\"en\",\"number\":\"1\",\"urldate\":\"2024-08-12\",\"journal\":\"Nature and Culture\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Sherwood\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Stephen\",\"G.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Paredes\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Myriam\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"month\":\"March\",\"year\":\"2014\",\"note\":\"Section: Nature and Culture\",\"keywords\":\"AGRICULTURE/FOOD POLICY, ECUADOR, PESTICIDES, PRACTICE, SOCIOTECHNICAL REGIMES\",\"pages\":\"21–44\",\"bibtex\":\"@article{sherwood_dynamics_2014,\\n\\ttitle = {Dynamics of {Perpetuation}: {The} {Politics} of {Keeping} {Highly} {Toxic} {Pesticides} on the {Market} in {Ecuador}},\\n\\tvolume = {9},\\n\\tshorttitle = {Dynamics of {Perpetuation}},\\n\\turl = {https://www.berghahnjournals.com/view/journals/nature-and-culture/9/1/nc090102.xml},\\n\\tdoi = {10.3167/nc.2014.090102},\\n\\tabstract = {Based on reflective practice over 15 years in Ecuador, the authors examine the perpetuation of knowingly harmful public policy in highly toxic pesticides. They study how actors cooperate, collude, and collide in advancing certain technological agenda, even when against public interests. Ultimately, entrenchment of perspective opened up space for arrival of new social actors and competing activity and transition. In light of struggles for sustainability, the authors find neglected policy opportunities in the heterogeneity of peoples' daily practices and countermovements, leading to a call for further attention to the inherently incoherent, complex, and irresolvable human face of sociotechnical change.},\\n\\tlanguage = {en},\\n\\tnumber = {1},\\n\\turldate = {2024-08-12},\\n\\tjournal = {Nature and Culture},\\n\\tauthor = {Sherwood, Stephen G. and Paredes, Myriam},\\n\\tmonth = mar,\\n\\tyear = {2014},\\n\\tnote = {Section: Nature and Culture},\\n\\tkeywords = {AGRICULTURE/FOOD POLICY, ECUADOR, PESTICIDES, PRACTICE, SOCIOTECHNICAL REGIMES},\\n\\tpages = {21--44},\\n}\\n\\n\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Sherwood, S. G.\",\"Paredes, M.\"],\"key\":\"sherwood_dynamics_2014\",\"id\":\"sherwood_dynamics_2014\",\"bibbaseid\":\"sherwood-paredes-dynamicsofperpetuationthepoliticsofkeepinghighlytoxicpesticidesonthemarketinecuador-2014\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{\"Paper\":\"https://www.berghahnjournals.com/view/journals/nature-and-culture/9/1/nc090102.xml\"},\"keyword\":[\"AGRICULTURE/FOOD POLICY\",\"ECUADOR\",\"PESTICIDES\",\"PRACTICE\",\"SOCIOTECHNICAL REGIMES\"],\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"book\",\"type\":\"book\",\"address\":\"Albany, NY\",\"title\":\"Shop Floor Culture and Politics in Egypt\",\"isbn\":\"978-1-4384-2849-9\",\"url\":\"https://sunypress.edu/Books/S/Shop-Floor-Culture-and-Politics-in-Egypt\",\"abstract\":\"Ethnographic study of textile factory workers in Alexandria, Egypt.In Shop Floor Culture and Politics in Egypt, Samer S. Shehata provides us with a unique and detailed ethnographic portrait of life within two large textile factories in Alexandria, Egypt. Working for nearly a year as a “winding machine operator” provided Shehata with unprecedented access to workers at the point of production and the activities of the work hall. He argues that the social organization of production in the factories—including company rules and procedures, hierarchy, and relations of authority—and shop floor culture profoundly shape what it means to be a “worker” and how this identity is understood. Shehata reveals how economic relations inside the factory are simultaneously relations of significance and meaning, and how the production of wool and cotton textiles is, at the same time, the production of categories of identity, patterns of human interaction, and understandings of the self and others.\",\"language\":\"en\",\"publisher\":\"SUNY Press\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Shehata\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Samer\",\"S.\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"year\":\"2010\",\"note\":\"Google-Books-ID: SC72CwAAQBAJ\",\"keywords\":\"Political Science / Political Economy, Social Science / Anthropology / Cultural & Social, Social Science / Developing & Emerging Countries\",\"bibtex\":\"@book{shehata_shop_2010,\\n\\taddress = {Albany, NY},\\n\\ttitle = {Shop {Floor} {Culture} and {Politics} in {Egypt}},\\n\\tisbn = {978-1-4384-2849-9},\\n\\turl = {https://sunypress.edu/Books/S/Shop-Floor-Culture-and-Politics-in-Egypt},\\n\\tabstract = {Ethnographic study of textile factory workers in Alexandria, Egypt.In Shop Floor Culture and Politics in Egypt, Samer S. Shehata provides us with a unique and detailed ethnographic portrait of life within two large textile factories in Alexandria, Egypt. Working for nearly a year as a “winding machine operator” provided Shehata with unprecedented access to workers at the point of production and the activities of the work hall. He argues that the social organization of production in the factories—including company rules and procedures, hierarchy, and relations of authority—and shop floor culture profoundly shape what it means to be a “worker” and how this identity is understood. Shehata reveals how economic relations inside the factory are simultaneously relations of significance and meaning, and how the production of wool and cotton textiles is, at the same time, the production of categories of identity, patterns of human interaction, and understandings of the self and others.},\\n\\tlanguage = {en},\\n\\tpublisher = {SUNY Press},\\n\\tauthor = {Shehata, Samer S.},\\n\\tyear = {2010},\\n\\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: SC72CwAAQBAJ},\\n\\tkeywords = {Political Science / Political Economy, Social Science / Anthropology / Cultural \\\\& Social, Social Science / Developing \\\\& Emerging Countries},\\n}\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Shehata, S. S.\"],\"key\":\"shehata_shop_2010\",\"id\":\"shehata_shop_2010\",\"bibbaseid\":\"shehata-shopfloorcultureandpoliticsinegypt-2010\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{\"Paper\":\"https://sunypress.edu/Books/S/Shop-Floor-Culture-and-Politics-in-Egypt\"},\"keyword\":[\"Political Science / Political Economy\",\"Social Science / Anthropology / Cultural & Social\",\"Social Science / Developing & Emerging Countries\"],\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"book\",\"type\":\"book\",\"address\":\"New Haven, CT\",\"title\":\"Against the Grain: A Deep History of the Earliest States\",\"isbn\":\"978-0-300-18291-0\",\"url\":\"http://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctv1bvnfk9\",\"urldate\":\"2024-08-12\",\"publisher\":\"Yale University Press\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Scott\"],\"firstnames\":[\"James\",\"C.\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"year\":\"2017\",\"doi\":\"10.2307/j.ctv1bvnfk9\",\"bibtex\":\"@book{scott_against_2017,\\n\\taddress = {New Haven, CT},\\n\\ttitle = {Against the {Grain}: {A} {Deep} {History} of the {Earliest} {States}},\\n\\tisbn = {978-0-300-18291-0},\\n\\turl = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctv1bvnfk9},\\n\\turldate = {2024-08-12},\\n\\tpublisher = {Yale University Press},\\n\\tauthor = {Scott, James C.},\\n\\tyear = {2017},\\n\\tdoi = {10.2307/j.ctv1bvnfk9},\\n}\\n\\n\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Scott, J. C.\"],\"key\":\"scott_against_2017\",\"id\":\"scott_against_2017\",\"bibbaseid\":\"scott-againstthegrainadeephistoryoftheearlieststates-2017\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{\"Paper\":\"http://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctv1bvnfk9\"},\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"article\",\"type\":\"article\",\"title\":\"In the Basha's House: The Organizational Culture of Egyptian Public-Sector Enterprise\",\"volume\":\"35\",\"issn\":\"0020-7438\",\"shorttitle\":\"In the Basha's House\",\"url\":\"https://www.jstor.org/stable/3879929\",\"number\":\"1\",\"urldate\":\"2024-08-12\",\"journal\":\"International Journal of Middle East Studies\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Shehata\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Samer\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"year\":\"2003\",\"note\":\"Publisher: Cambridge University Press\",\"pages\":\"103–132\",\"bibtex\":\"@article{shehata_bashas_2003,\\n\\ttitle = {In the {Basha}'s {House}: {The} {Organizational} {Culture} of {Egyptian} {Public}-{Sector} {Enterprise}},\\n\\tvolume = {35},\\n\\tissn = {0020-7438},\\n\\tshorttitle = {In the {Basha}'s {House}},\\n\\turl = {https://www.jstor.org/stable/3879929},\\n\\tnumber = {1},\\n\\turldate = {2024-08-12},\\n\\tjournal = {International Journal of Middle East Studies},\\n\\tauthor = {Shehata, Samer},\\n\\tyear = {2003},\\n\\tnote = {Publisher: Cambridge University Press},\\n\\tpages = {103--132},\\n}\\n\\n\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Shehata, S.\"],\"key\":\"shehata_bashas_2003\",\"id\":\"shehata_bashas_2003\",\"bibbaseid\":\"shehata-inthebashashousetheorganizationalcultureofegyptianpublicsectorenterprise-2003\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{\"Paper\":\"https://www.jstor.org/stable/3879929\"},\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"book\",\"type\":\"book\",\"address\":\"London, UK\",\"title\":\"Faith-Based Organizations in Transnational Peacebuilding\",\"isbn\":\"978-1-78660-411-8\",\"url\":\"https://rowman.com/ISBN/9781786604095/Faith-Based-Organizations-in-Transnational-Peacebuilding\",\"abstract\":\"How do faith-based organizations influence the work of transnational peacebuilding, development, and human rights advocacy? How is the political role of such organizations informed by their religious ideas and practices? This book investigates this set of questions by examining how three transnational faith-based organizations—Religions for Peace, the Taizé Community, and International Justice Mission—conceptualize their own religious practices, values, and identities, and how those acts and ideas inform their political goals and strategies. The book demonstrates the political importance of prayer in the work of transnational faith-based organizations, specifically in areas of conflict resolution, post-conflict integration, agenda setting, and in constituting narratives about justice and reconciliation. It also evaluates the distinctive strategies that faith-based organizations employ to navigate religious difference. A central goal of the book is to propose a new way to study “religion” in international politics, by actively questioning and reflecting on what it means for an act, idea, or community to be “religious.”\",\"language\":\"en\",\"publisher\":\"Rowman & Littlefield\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Schwarz\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Tanya\",\"B.\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"month\":\"March\",\"year\":\"2018\",\"note\":\"Google-Books-ID: 2ObaDwAAQBAJ\",\"keywords\":\"Political Science / Peace, Religion / Institutions & Organizations\",\"bibtex\":\"@book{schwarz_faith-based_2018,\\n\\taddress = {London, UK},\\n\\ttitle = {Faith-{Based} {Organizations} in {Transnational} {Peacebuilding}},\\n\\tisbn = {978-1-78660-411-8},\\n\\turl = {https://rowman.com/ISBN/9781786604095/Faith-Based-Organizations-in-Transnational-Peacebuilding},\\n\\tabstract = {How do faith-based organizations influence the work of transnational peacebuilding, development, and human rights advocacy? How is the political role of such organizations informed by their religious ideas and practices? This book investigates this set of questions by examining how three transnational faith-based organizations—Religions for Peace, the Taizé Community, and International Justice Mission—conceptualize their own religious practices, values, and identities, and how those acts and ideas inform their political goals and strategies. The book demonstrates the political importance of prayer in the work of transnational faith-based organizations, specifically in areas of conflict resolution, post-conflict integration, agenda setting, and in constituting narratives about justice and reconciliation. It also evaluates the distinctive strategies that faith-based organizations employ to navigate religious difference. A central goal of the book is to propose a new way to study “religion” in international politics, by actively questioning and reflecting on what it means for an act, idea, or community to be “religious.”},\\n\\tlanguage = {en},\\n\\tpublisher = {Rowman \\\\& Littlefield},\\n\\tauthor = {Schwarz, Tanya B.},\\n\\tmonth = mar,\\n\\tyear = {2018},\\n\\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: 2ObaDwAAQBAJ},\\n\\tkeywords = {Political Science / Peace, Religion / Institutions \\\\& Organizations},\\n}\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Schwarz, T. B.\"],\"key\":\"schwarz_faith-based_2018\",\"id\":\"schwarz_faith-based_2018\",\"bibbaseid\":\"schwarz-faithbasedorganizationsintransnationalpeacebuilding-2018\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{\"Paper\":\"https://rowman.com/ISBN/9781786604095/Faith-Based-Organizations-in-Transnational-Peacebuilding\"},\"keyword\":[\"Political Science / Peace\",\"Religion / Institutions & Organizations\"],\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"article\",\"type\":\"article\",\"title\":\"Learning to live with social-ecological complexity: An interpretive analysis of learning in 11 UNESCO Biosphere Reserves\",\"volume\":\"50\",\"issn\":\"0959-3780\",\"shorttitle\":\"Learning to live with social-ecological complexity\",\"url\":\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0959378017308725\",\"doi\":\"10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2018.03.001\",\"abstract\":\"Learning is considered a means to achieve sustainability in practice and has become a prominent goal of sustainability interventions. In this paper we explore how learning for sustainability is shaped by meaning, interpretation and experience, in the context of UNESCO Biosphere Reserves (BRs). The World Network of Biosphere Reserves brings environmental conservation, socio-economic development and research together in ‘learning sites for sustainable development.’ The World Network is globally significant, with 669 BRs in 120 countries, but as with many paradigmatic sustainability interventions BRs are perceived to suffer from a ‘concept-reality gap.’ We explore this gap from an interpretive perspective, focusing on participant interpretations of the meaning of BRs and their experiences of working with the concept – with the aim of painting a richer picture of learning for sustainability and the ways in which BRs might fulfil their role as learning sites. We provide a cross-case analysis of learning in 11 BRs around the world, drawing on interviews with 177 participants, and ask: How is the BR concept interpreted and enacted by people involved with BR work? What learning emerges through BR work, as described by those involved? We find that the BR concept is interpreted differently in each location, producing distinct expectations, practices and institutional designs. Learning occurs around common themes – human-environment relationships, actors and governance arrangements, and skills to navigate BR work – but is expressed very differently in each BR. The position of BRs ‘in between’ social, ecological and economic goals; local places and global networks; and government, private and civil society sectors, provides a valuable space for participants to learn to live with social-ecological complexity. We discuss our results in terms of their contribution to three pressing concerns in sustainability science: (i) power and politics in learning for sustainability, (ii) intermediaries and bridging organizations in multi-level governance, and (iii) reflexivity and knowledge-action relationships. Our comparative hermeneutic approach makes a novel methodological contribution to interpretive studies of sustainability policy and governance.\",\"urldate\":\"2024-08-12\",\"journal\":\"Global Environmental Change\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Schultz\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Lisen\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"West\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Simon\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Bourke\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Alba\",\"Juárez\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[\"d’Armengol\"],\"lastnames\":[],\"firstnames\":[\"Laia\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Torrents\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Pau\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Hardardottir\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Hildur\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Jansson\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Annie\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Roldán\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Alba\",\"Mohedano\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"month\":\"May\",\"year\":\"2018\",\"keywords\":\"Bridging organizations, Comparative case study, Multi-level governance, Qualitative, Science-policy interface, Sustainability science\",\"pages\":\"75–87\",\"bibtex\":\"@article{schultz_learning_2018,\\n\\ttitle = {Learning to live with social-ecological complexity: {An} interpretive analysis of learning in 11 {UNESCO} {Biosphere} {Reserves}},\\n\\tvolume = {50},\\n\\tissn = {0959-3780},\\n\\tshorttitle = {Learning to live with social-ecological complexity},\\n\\turl = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0959378017308725},\\n\\tdoi = {10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2018.03.001},\\n\\tabstract = {Learning is considered a means to achieve sustainability in practice and has become a prominent goal of sustainability interventions. In this paper we explore how learning for sustainability is shaped by meaning, interpretation and experience, in the context of UNESCO Biosphere Reserves (BRs). The World Network of Biosphere Reserves brings environmental conservation, socio-economic development and research together in ‘learning sites for sustainable development.’ The World Network is globally significant, with 669 BRs in 120 countries, but as with many paradigmatic sustainability interventions BRs are perceived to suffer from a ‘concept-reality gap.’ We explore this gap from an interpretive perspective, focusing on participant interpretations of the meaning of BRs and their experiences of working with the concept – with the aim of painting a richer picture of learning for sustainability and the ways in which BRs might fulfil their role as learning sites. We provide a cross-case analysis of learning in 11 BRs around the world, drawing on interviews with 177 participants, and ask: How is the BR concept interpreted and enacted by people involved with BR work? What learning emerges through BR work, as described by those involved? We find that the BR concept is interpreted differently in each location, producing distinct expectations, practices and institutional designs. Learning occurs around common themes – human-environment relationships, actors and governance arrangements, and skills to navigate BR work – but is expressed very differently in each BR. The position of BRs ‘in between’ social, ecological and economic goals; local places and global networks; and government, private and civil society sectors, provides a valuable space for participants to learn to live with social-ecological complexity. We discuss our results in terms of their contribution to three pressing concerns in sustainability science: (i) power and politics in learning for sustainability, (ii) intermediaries and bridging organizations in multi-level governance, and (iii) reflexivity and knowledge-action relationships. Our comparative hermeneutic approach makes a novel methodological contribution to interpretive studies of sustainability policy and governance.},\\n\\turldate = {2024-08-12},\\n\\tjournal = {Global Environmental Change},\\n\\tauthor = {Schultz, Lisen and West, Simon and Bourke, Alba Juárez and d’Armengol, Laia and Torrents, Pau and Hardardottir, Hildur and Jansson, Annie and Roldán, Alba Mohedano},\\n\\tmonth = may,\\n\\tyear = {2018},\\n\\tkeywords = {Bridging organizations, Comparative case study, Multi-level governance, Qualitative, Science-policy interface, Sustainability science},\\n\\tpages = {75--87},\\n}\\n\\n\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Schultz, L.\",\"West, S.\",\"Bourke, A. J.\",\"d’Armengol , L.\",\"Torrents, P.\",\"Hardardottir, H.\",\"Jansson, A.\",\"Roldán, A. M.\"],\"key\":\"schultz_learning_2018\",\"id\":\"schultz_learning_2018\",\"bibbaseid\":\"schultz-west-bourke-darmengol-torrents-hardardottir-jansson-roldn-learningtolivewithsocialecologicalcomplexityaninterpretiveanalysisoflearningin11unescobiospherereserves-2018\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{\"Paper\":\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0959378017308725\"},\"keyword\":[\"Bridging organizations\",\"Comparative case study\",\"Multi-level governance\",\"Qualitative\",\"Science-policy interface\",\"Sustainability science\"],\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"book\",\"type\":\"book\",\"address\":\"Philadelphia, PA\",\"title\":\"Language Policy & Identity in the United States\",\"isbn\":\"978-1-56639-754-4\",\"url\":\"http://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt14btc1h\",\"abstract\":\"Well over thirty million people in the United States speak a primary language other than English. Nearly twenty million of them speak Spanish. And these numbers are growing. Critics of immigration and multiculturalism argue that recent government language policies such as bilingual education, non-English election materials, and social service and workplace \\\"language rights\\\" threaten the national character of the United States. Proponents of bilingualism, on the other hand, maintain that, far from being a threat, these language policies and programs provide an opportunity to right old wrongs and make the United States a more democratic society.This book lays out the two approaches to language policy – linguistic assimilation and linguistic pluralism – in clear and accessible terms. Filled with examples and narratives, it provides a readable overview of the U.S. \\\"culture wars\\\" and explains why the conflict has just now emerged as a major issue in the United States.Professor Schmidt examines bilingual education in the public schools, \\\"linguistic access\\\" rights to public services, and the designation of English as the United States' \\\"official\\\" language. He illuminates the conflict by describing the comparative, theoretical, and social contexts for the debate. The source of the disagreement, he maintains, is not a disagreement over language per se but over identity and the consequences of identity for individuals, ethnic groups, and the country as a whole. Who are \\\"the American people\\\"? Are we one national group into which newcomers must assimilate? Or are we composed of many cultural communities, each of which is a unique but integral part of the national fabric? This fundamental point is what underlies the specific disputes over language policy. This way of looking at identity politics, as Professor Schmidt shows, calls into question the dichotomy between \\\"material interest\\\" politics and \\\"symbolic\\\" politics in relation to group identities.Not limited to describing the nature and context of the language debate,\\\\textlessem\\\\textgreaterLanguage Policy and Identity Politics in the United States\\\\textless/em\\\\textgreaterreaches the conclusion that a policy of linguistic pluralism, coupled with an immigrant settlement policy and egalitarian economic reforms, will best meet the aims of justice and the common good. Only by attacking both the symbolic and material effects of racialization will the United States be able to attain the goals of social equality and national harmony.\",\"urldate\":\"2024-08-12\",\"publisher\":\"Temple University Press\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Schmidt\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Ronald\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"year\":\"2000\",\"bibtex\":\"@book{schmidt_language_2000,\\n\\taddress = {Philadelphia, PA},\\n\\ttitle = {Language {Policy} \\\\& {Identity} in the {United} {States}},\\n\\tisbn = {978-1-56639-754-4},\\n\\turl = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt14btc1h},\\n\\tabstract = {Well over thirty million people in the United States speak a primary language other than English. Nearly twenty million of them speak Spanish. And these numbers are growing. Critics of immigration and multiculturalism argue that recent government language policies such as bilingual education, non-English election materials, and social service and workplace \\\"language rights\\\" threaten the national character of the United States. Proponents of bilingualism, on the other hand, maintain that, far from being a threat, these language policies and programs provide an opportunity to right old wrongs and make the United States a more democratic society.This book lays out the two approaches to language policy -- linguistic assimilation and linguistic pluralism -- in clear and accessible terms. Filled with examples and narratives, it provides a readable overview of the U.S. \\\"culture wars\\\" and explains why the conflict has just now emerged as a major issue in the United States.Professor Schmidt examines bilingual education in the public schools, \\\"linguistic access\\\" rights to public services, and the designation of English as the United States' \\\"official\\\" language. He illuminates the conflict by describing the comparative, theoretical, and social contexts for the debate. The source of the disagreement, he maintains, is not a disagreement over language per se but over identity and the consequences of identity for individuals, ethnic groups, and the country as a whole. Who are \\\"the American people\\\"? Are we one national group into which newcomers must assimilate? Or are we composed of many cultural communities, each of which is a unique but integral part of the national fabric? This fundamental point is what underlies the specific disputes over language policy. This way of looking at identity politics, as Professor Schmidt shows, calls into question the dichotomy between \\\"material interest\\\" politics and \\\"symbolic\\\" politics in relation to group identities.Not limited to describing the nature and context of the language debate,{\\\\textless}em{\\\\textgreater}Language Policy and Identity Politics in the United States{\\\\textless}/em{\\\\textgreater}reaches the conclusion that a policy of linguistic pluralism, coupled with an immigrant settlement policy and egalitarian economic reforms, will best meet the aims of justice and the common good. Only by attacking both the symbolic and material effects of racialization will the United States be able to attain the goals of social equality and national harmony.},\\n\\turldate = {2024-08-12},\\n\\tpublisher = {Temple University Press},\\n\\tauthor = {Schmidt, Ronald},\\n\\tyear = {2000},\\n}\\n\\n\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Schmidt, R.\"],\"key\":\"schmidt_language_2000\",\"id\":\"schmidt_language_2000\",\"bibbaseid\":\"schmidt-languagepolicyidentityintheunitedstates-2000\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{\"Paper\":\"http://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt14btc1h\"},\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"book\",\"type\":\"book\",\"address\":\"New York, NY\",\"title\":\"Interpreting Racial Politics in the United States\",\"isbn\":\"978-1-315-46965-2\",\"url\":\"https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/mono/10.4324/9781315469652/interpreting-racial-politics-united-states-ronald-schmidt-sr\",\"abstract\":\"Few subjects of social scientific inquiry need interpretive analysis more than the topic of racial politics, yet most US political science employs a narrowly behavioralist orientation. This book argues that it is time for political scientists studying race to more fully engage the issues that generate its political significance. Drawing on the work of interpretive political scholars and methods, Ron Schmidt, Sr. addresses core questions regarding racial politics in the US to demonstrate the value of using interpretive methods to better understand the meaning and significance of political actions, structures and conflicts involving racial identities—not instead of behavioral research but as a necessary addition. Interpreting Racial Politics in the United States will greatly enhance the evolving conversations concerning race and inequality within the US. It will be of great interest to students and scholars of politics and sociology, but also to those interested in deepening their understanding of racial politics.\",\"language\":\"en\",\"urldate\":\"2024-08-12\",\"publisher\":\"Routledge\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Schmidt\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Ronald\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"month\":\"December\",\"year\":\"2020\",\"doi\":\"10.4324/9781315469652\",\"bibtex\":\"@book{schmidt_interpreting_2020,\\n\\taddress = {New York, NY},\\n\\ttitle = {Interpreting {Racial} {Politics} in the {United} {States}},\\n\\tisbn = {978-1-315-46965-2},\\n\\turl = {https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/mono/10.4324/9781315469652/interpreting-racial-politics-united-states-ronald-schmidt-sr},\\n\\tabstract = {Few subjects of social scientific inquiry need interpretive analysis more than the topic of racial politics, yet most US political science employs a narrowly behavioralist orientation. This book argues that it is time for political scientists studying race to more fully engage the issues that generate its political significance. Drawing on the work of interpretive political scholars and methods, Ron Schmidt, Sr. addresses core questions regarding racial politics in the US to demonstrate the value of using interpretive methods to better understand the meaning and significance of political actions, structures and conflicts involving racial identities—not instead of behavioral research but as a necessary addition. Interpreting Racial Politics in the United States will greatly enhance the evolving conversations concerning race and inequality within the US. It will be of great interest to students and scholars of politics and sociology, but also to those interested in deepening their understanding of racial politics.},\\n\\tlanguage = {en},\\n\\turldate = {2024-08-12},\\n\\tpublisher = {Routledge},\\n\\tauthor = {Schmidt, Ronald},\\n\\tmonth = dec,\\n\\tyear = {2020},\\n\\tdoi = {10.4324/9781315469652},\\n}\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Schmidt, R.\"],\"key\":\"schmidt_interpreting_2020-1\",\"id\":\"schmidt_interpreting_2020-1\",\"bibbaseid\":\"schmidt-interpretingracialpoliticsintheunitedstates-2020\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{\"Paper\":\"https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/mono/10.4324/9781315469652/interpreting-racial-politics-united-states-ronald-schmidt-sr\"},\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"article\",\"type\":\"article\",\"title\":\"The Practice Turn Contribution to Socialisation and Decision-Making in Research in EU Studies.\",\"issn\":\"2247-0514, 2247-0514\",\"url\":\"https://www.ceeol.com/search/article-detail?id=801375\",\"abstract\":\"“Practice turn” can potentially influence both the theory and methods applied in EU studies. This paper attempts to grasp the most important features of this approach, as they could prove relevant to the study of decision-making at the European level. The point of departure is a research project on the role of socialisation mechanisms in the Council of the European Union, which was rooted in constructivism and used process tracing type case studies as its main method. The paper explores the principles and promises of practice turn and, more generally, of interpretive social science. It describes methods and practical considerations of tracing practices and studying the understandings they contain. Showing the limitations of a more conventional approach to issues such as supranational socialisation and decision-making, the paper argues for practice-oriented research by describing the opportunities and advantages it offers.\",\"language\":\"English\",\"number\":\"30\",\"urldate\":\"2024-08-12\",\"journal\":\"Online Journal Modelling the New Europe\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Ławniczak\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Kamil\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"year\":\"2019\",\"note\":\"Publisher: Facultatea de Studii Europene -Universitatea Babeş-Bolyai\",\"keywords\":\"constructivism, interpretive methodology, interpretive methods, meaning-making, social practices\",\"pages\":\"4–22\",\"bibtex\":\"@article{lawniczak_practice_2019,\\n\\ttitle = {The {Practice} {Turn} {Contribution} to {Socialisation} and {Decision}-{Making} in {Research} in {EU} {Studies}.},\\n\\tissn = {2247-0514, 2247-0514},\\n\\turl = {https://www.ceeol.com/search/article-detail?id=801375},\\n\\tabstract = {“Practice turn” can potentially influence both the theory and methods applied in EU studies. This paper attempts to grasp the most important features of this approach, as they could prove relevant to the study of decision-making at the European level. The point of departure is a research project on the role of socialisation mechanisms in the Council of the European Union, which was rooted in constructivism and used process tracing type case studies as its main method. The paper explores the principles and promises of practice turn and, more generally, of interpretive social science. It describes methods and practical considerations of tracing practices and studying the understandings they contain. Showing the limitations of a more conventional approach to issues such as supranational socialisation and decision-making, the paper argues for practice-oriented research by describing the opportunities and advantages it offers.},\\n\\tlanguage = {English},\\n\\tnumber = {30},\\n\\turldate = {2024-08-12},\\n\\tjournal = {Online Journal Modelling the New Europe},\\n\\tauthor = {Ławniczak, Kamil},\\n\\tyear = {2019},\\n\\tnote = {Publisher: Facultatea de Studii Europene -Universitatea Babeş-Bolyai},\\n\\tkeywords = {constructivism, interpretive methodology, interpretive methods, meaning-making, social practices},\\n\\tpages = {4--22},\\n}\\n\\n\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Ławniczak, K.\"],\"key\":\"lawniczak_practice_2019\",\"id\":\"lawniczak_practice_2019\",\"bibbaseid\":\"awniczak-thepracticeturncontributiontosocialisationanddecisionmakinginresearchineustudies-2019\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{\"Paper\":\"https://www.ceeol.com/search/article-detail?id=801375\"},\"keyword\":[\"constructivism\",\"interpretive methodology\",\"interpretive methods\",\"meaning-making\",\"social practices\"],\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"book\",\"type\":\"book\",\"address\":\"Ithaca, NY\",\"title\":\"Democracy in Translation: Understanding Politics in an Unfamiliar Culture\",\"isbn\":\"978-0-8014-3398-6\",\"url\":\"http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.7591/j.ctv3s8r9h\",\"urldate\":\"2024-08-12\",\"publisher\":\"Cornell University Press\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Schaffer\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Frederic\",\"C.\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"year\":\"1998\",\"bibtex\":\"@book{schaffer_democracy_1998,\\n\\taddress = {Ithaca, NY},\\n\\ttitle = {Democracy in {Translation}: {Understanding} {Politics} in an {Unfamiliar} {Culture}},\\n\\tisbn = {978-0-8014-3398-6},\\n\\turl = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.7591/j.ctv3s8r9h},\\n\\turldate = {2024-08-12},\\n\\tpublisher = {Cornell University Press},\\n\\tauthor = {Schaffer, Frederic C.},\\n\\tyear = {1998},\\n}\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Schaffer, F. C.\"],\"key\":\"schaffer_democracy_1998\",\"id\":\"schaffer_democracy_1998\",\"bibbaseid\":\"schaffer-democracyintranslationunderstandingpoliticsinanunfamiliarculture-1998\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{\"Paper\":\"http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.7591/j.ctv3s8r9h\"},\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"article\",\"type\":\"article\",\"title\":\"Understanding ‘successful’ conflict resolution: Policy regime changes and new interactive arenas in the Great Bear Rainforest\",\"volume\":\"32\",\"issn\":\"0264-8377\",\"shorttitle\":\"Understanding ‘successful’ conflict resolution\",\"url\":\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0264837712002074\",\"doi\":\"10.1016/j.landusepol.2012.10.019\",\"abstract\":\"The paper seeks to shed new light on both the dynamics and possibilities for resolving complex land use conflicts by examining the development of the Great Bear Rainforest (GBR) Agreement in British Columbia, Canada. This agreement signalled a major policy change in the region by increasing the protection of old growth forests from 9% to 33% of the total planning area and by promoting more environmentally friendly logging practices though the establishment of ecosystem-based management. It also gave rise to new land use planning relationships between the Province and First Nations. Our analysis shows that ‘success’ in reaching agreement in land use conflicts can be better understood when political science's work on policy regimes and their background conditions is combined with planning theory's work on deliberative processes. We suggest that collaborative planning theory can complement the policy regime approach by highlighting how process design and the interactions that occur within policy arenas provide the physical and organisational spaces for dialogue, collaboration and policy change. The policy regime approach, on the other hand, helps draws attention to the dynamics of policy processes and consequent changes in governance relations that motivate actors to work together, instead of against each other.\",\"urldate\":\"2024-08-12\",\"journal\":\"Land Use Policy\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Saarikoski\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Heli\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Raitio\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Kaisa\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Barry\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Janice\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"month\":\"May\",\"year\":\"2013\",\"keywords\":\"Collaborative environmental management, Deliberative planning, Environmental governance, Forest policy, Land use conflicts, Policy regime approach\",\"pages\":\"271–280\",\"bibtex\":\"@article{saarikoski_understanding_2013,\\n\\ttitle = {Understanding ‘successful’ conflict resolution: {Policy} regime changes and new interactive arenas in the {Great} {Bear} {Rainforest}},\\n\\tvolume = {32},\\n\\tissn = {0264-8377},\\n\\tshorttitle = {Understanding ‘successful’ conflict resolution},\\n\\turl = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0264837712002074},\\n\\tdoi = {10.1016/j.landusepol.2012.10.019},\\n\\tabstract = {The paper seeks to shed new light on both the dynamics and possibilities for resolving complex land use conflicts by examining the development of the Great Bear Rainforest (GBR) Agreement in British Columbia, Canada. This agreement signalled a major policy change in the region by increasing the protection of old growth forests from 9\\\\% to 33\\\\% of the total planning area and by promoting more environmentally friendly logging practices though the establishment of ecosystem-based management. It also gave rise to new land use planning relationships between the Province and First Nations. Our analysis shows that ‘success’ in reaching agreement in land use conflicts can be better understood when political science's work on policy regimes and their background conditions is combined with planning theory's work on deliberative processes. We suggest that collaborative planning theory can complement the policy regime approach by highlighting how process design and the interactions that occur within policy arenas provide the physical and organisational spaces for dialogue, collaboration and policy change. The policy regime approach, on the other hand, helps draws attention to the dynamics of policy processes and consequent changes in governance relations that motivate actors to work together, instead of against each other.},\\n\\turldate = {2024-08-12},\\n\\tjournal = {Land Use Policy},\\n\\tauthor = {Saarikoski, Heli and Raitio, Kaisa and Barry, Janice},\\n\\tmonth = may,\\n\\tyear = {2013},\\n\\tkeywords = {Collaborative environmental management, Deliberative planning, Environmental governance, Forest policy, Land use conflicts, Policy regime approach},\\n\\tpages = {271--280},\\n}\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Saarikoski, H.\",\"Raitio, K.\",\"Barry, J.\"],\"key\":\"saarikoski_understanding_2013\",\"id\":\"saarikoski_understanding_2013\",\"bibbaseid\":\"saarikoski-raitio-barry-understandingsuccessfulconflictresolutionpolicyregimechangesandnewinteractivearenasinthegreatbearrainforest-2013\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{\"Paper\":\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0264837712002074\"},\"keyword\":[\"Collaborative environmental management\",\"Deliberative planning\",\"Environmental governance\",\"Forest policy\",\"Land use conflicts\",\"Policy regime approach\"],\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"article\",\"type\":\"article\",\"title\":\"The politics of state celebrations in Belarus\",\"volume\":\"26\",\"copyright\":\"© 2020 The Author. Nations and Nationalism published by Association for the Study of Ethnicity and Nationalism and John Wiley & Sons Ltd\",\"issn\":\"1469-8129\",\"url\":\"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/nana.12653\",\"doi\":\"10.1111/nana.12653\",\"abstract\":\"National celebrations have been defined as manifestations of collective identities that glorify the nation and strengthen the national community. However, the magnitude and design of celebrations in autocratic states indicate a different ideational function that these symbolic events play in an autocratic political system. Autocratic elites have the administrative capacity to distort everyday routines and impose ideological principles of how people participate in state celebrations. How citizens engage in official celebratory practices in an authoritarian political context formulates a valuable contribution to the conceptualisation of national celebrations. Drawing on focus group discussions and ethnographic observations, I investigate how people negotiate meanings of celebratory and commemorative practices in the context of autocratic Belarus. I discuss how volatile the symbolic politics is when the invention of new symbolic traditions or the reinvention of old narratives does not appeal to all social groups and lacks authenticity.\",\"language\":\"en\",\"number\":\"4\",\"urldate\":\"2024-08-12\",\"journal\":\"Nations and Nationalism\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Rohava\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Maryia\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"year\":\"2020\",\"note\":\"_eprint: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/nana.12653\",\"keywords\":\"Belarus, authoritarian regimes, everyday nationalism/nationalism from below/local nationalism, nation building, national celebrations\",\"pages\":\"883–901\",\"bibtex\":\"@article{rohava_politics_2020,\\n\\ttitle = {The politics of state celebrations in {Belarus}},\\n\\tvolume = {26},\\n\\tcopyright = {© 2020 The Author. Nations and Nationalism published by Association for the Study of Ethnicity and Nationalism and John Wiley \\\\& Sons Ltd},\\n\\tissn = {1469-8129},\\n\\turl = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/nana.12653},\\n\\tdoi = {10.1111/nana.12653},\\n\\tabstract = {National celebrations have been defined as manifestations of collective identities that glorify the nation and strengthen the national community. However, the magnitude and design of celebrations in autocratic states indicate a different ideational function that these symbolic events play in an autocratic political system. Autocratic elites have the administrative capacity to distort everyday routines and impose ideological principles of how people participate in state celebrations. How citizens engage in official celebratory practices in an authoritarian political context formulates a valuable contribution to the conceptualisation of national celebrations. Drawing on focus group discussions and ethnographic observations, I investigate how people negotiate meanings of celebratory and commemorative practices in the context of autocratic Belarus. I discuss how volatile the symbolic politics is when the invention of new symbolic traditions or the reinvention of old narratives does not appeal to all social groups and lacks authenticity.},\\n\\tlanguage = {en},\\n\\tnumber = {4},\\n\\turldate = {2024-08-12},\\n\\tjournal = {Nations and Nationalism},\\n\\tauthor = {Rohava, Maryia},\\n\\tyear = {2020},\\n\\tnote = {\\\\_eprint: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/nana.12653},\\n\\tkeywords = {Belarus, authoritarian regimes, everyday nationalism/nationalism from below/local nationalism, nation building, national celebrations},\\n\\tpages = {883--901},\\n}\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Rohava, M.\"],\"key\":\"rohava_politics_2020\",\"id\":\"rohava_politics_2020\",\"bibbaseid\":\"rohava-thepoliticsofstatecelebrationsinbelarus-2020\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{\"Paper\":\"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/nana.12653\"},\"keyword\":[\"Belarus\",\"authoritarian regimes\",\"everyday nationalism/nationalism from below/local nationalism\",\"nation building\",\"national celebrations\"],\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"article\",\"type\":\"article\",\"title\":\"Black boxes and open secrets: trilogues as ‘politicised diplomacy’\",\"volume\":\"44\",\"issn\":\"0140-2382\",\"shorttitle\":\"Black boxes and open secrets\",\"url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1080/01402382.2020.1716526\",\"doi\":\"10.1080/01402382.2020.1716526\",\"abstract\":\"Why do EU actors promote secluded fora of decision making even as they have committed themselves to open and public lawmaking? How do they perceive and reconcile the ensuing tensions in practice? These questions, arising amidst growing public controversy, point to a blind spot in the scholarly agenda on EU lawmaking, which has overwhelmingly focused on the games institutions play. From an interpretivist perspective, we argue that rules are ‘made’ not by detached officials, but by practitioners puzzling out the meaning of their actions in their everyday experiences. Based on extensive interview material, the article captures trilogues as ‘politicised diplomacy’ and shows how they have become a ‘permeable institution’, shaped by dense flows of exchange between ‘insiders’ and ‘outsiders’. The article helps pinpoint to what extent and how trilogues challenge democratic norms; and it punctures the myth of trilogues as quiet politics dominated by producer interests.\",\"number\":\"3\",\"urldate\":\"2024-08-12\",\"journal\":\"West European Politics\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Roederer-Rynning\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Christilla\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Greenwood\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Justin\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"month\":\"December\",\"year\":\"2020\",\"note\":\"Publisher: Routledge _eprint: https://doi.org/10.1080/01402382.2020.1716526\",\"keywords\":\"interpretive research, ordinary legislative procedure, politicised diplomacy, seclusion, trilogues\",\"pages\":\"485–509\",\"bibtex\":\"@article{roederer-rynning_black_2020,\\n\\ttitle = {Black boxes and open secrets: trilogues as ‘politicised diplomacy’},\\n\\tvolume = {44},\\n\\tissn = {0140-2382},\\n\\tshorttitle = {Black boxes and open secrets},\\n\\turl = {https://doi.org/10.1080/01402382.2020.1716526},\\n\\tdoi = {10.1080/01402382.2020.1716526},\\n\\tabstract = {Why do EU actors promote secluded fora of decision making even as they have committed themselves to open and public lawmaking? How do they perceive and reconcile the ensuing tensions in practice? These questions, arising amidst growing public controversy, point to a blind spot in the scholarly agenda on EU lawmaking, which has overwhelmingly focused on the games institutions play. From an interpretivist perspective, we argue that rules are ‘made’ not by detached officials, but by practitioners puzzling out the meaning of their actions in their everyday experiences. Based on extensive interview material, the article captures trilogues as ‘politicised diplomacy’ and shows how they have become a ‘permeable institution’, shaped by dense flows of exchange between ‘insiders’ and ‘outsiders’. The article helps pinpoint to what extent and how trilogues challenge democratic norms; and it punctures the myth of trilogues as quiet politics dominated by producer interests.},\\n\\tnumber = {3},\\n\\turldate = {2024-08-12},\\n\\tjournal = {West European Politics},\\n\\tauthor = {Roederer-Rynning, Christilla and Greenwood, Justin},\\n\\tmonth = dec,\\n\\tyear = {2020},\\n\\tnote = {Publisher: Routledge\\n\\\\_eprint: https://doi.org/10.1080/01402382.2020.1716526},\\n\\tkeywords = {interpretive research, ordinary legislative procedure, politicised diplomacy, seclusion, trilogues},\\n\\tpages = {485--509},\\n}\\n\\n\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Roederer-Rynning, C.\",\"Greenwood, J.\"],\"key\":\"roederer-rynning_black_2020\",\"id\":\"roederer-rynning_black_2020\",\"bibbaseid\":\"roedererrynning-greenwood-blackboxesandopensecretstriloguesaspoliticiseddiplomacy-2020\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{\"Paper\":\"https://doi.org/10.1080/01402382.2020.1716526\"},\"keyword\":[\"interpretive research\",\"ordinary legislative procedure\",\"politicised diplomacy\",\"seclusion\",\"trilogues\"],\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"book\",\"type\":\"book\",\"address\":\"Durham, NC\",\"title\":\"Resource Radicals: From Petro-Nationalism to Post-Extractivism in Ecuador\",\"isbn\":\"978-1-4780-0796-8\",\"url\":\"http://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctv14t48kg\",\"abstract\":\"In 2007, the left came to power in Ecuador. In the years that followed, the \\\"twenty-first-century socialist\\\" government and a coalition of grassroots activists came to blows over the extraction of natural resources. Each side declared the other a perversion of leftism and the principles of socioeconomic equality, popular empowerment, and anti-imperialism. In \\\\textlessem\\\\textgreaterResource Radicals\\\\textless/em\\\\textgreater, Thea Riofrancos unpacks the conflict between these two leftisms: on the one hand, the administration's resource nationalism and focus on economic development; and on the other, the anti-extractivism of grassroots activists who condemned the government's disregard for nature and indigenous communities. In this archival and ethnographic study, Riofrancos expands the study of resource politics by decentering state resource policy and locating it in a field of political struggle populated by actors with conflicting visions of resource extraction. She demonstrates how Ecuador's commodity-dependent economy and history of indigenous uprisings offer a unique opportunity to understand development, democracy, and the ecological foundations of global capitalism.\",\"urldate\":\"2024-08-12\",\"publisher\":\"Duke University Press\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Riofrancos\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Thea\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"year\":\"2020\",\"doi\":\"10.2307/j.ctv14t48kg\",\"bibtex\":\"@book{riofrancos_resource_2020,\\n\\taddress = {Durham, NC},\\n\\ttitle = {Resource {Radicals}: {From} {Petro}-{Nationalism} to {Post}-{Extractivism} in {Ecuador}},\\n\\tisbn = {978-1-4780-0796-8},\\n\\turl = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctv14t48kg},\\n\\tabstract = {In 2007, the left came to power in Ecuador. In the years that followed, the \\\"twenty-first-century socialist\\\" government and a\\ncoalition of grassroots activists came to blows over the extraction of natural resources. Each side declared the other a perversion of leftism and the principles of socioeconomic equality, popular\\nempowerment, and anti-imperialism. In {\\\\textless}em{\\\\textgreater}Resource Radicals{\\\\textless}/em{\\\\textgreater}, Thea Riofrancos unpacks the conflict between these two leftisms: on the one hand, the administration's resource nationalism and focus on economic development; and on the other, the anti-extractivism of grassroots activists who condemned the government's disregard for nature and indigenous communities. In this archival and\\nethnographic study, Riofrancos expands the study of resource\\npolitics by decentering state resource policy and locating it in a field of political struggle populated by actors with conflicting\\nvisions of resource extraction. She demonstrates how Ecuador's\\ncommodity-dependent economy and history of indigenous uprisings\\noffer a unique opportunity to understand development, democracy,\\nand the ecological foundations of global capitalism.},\\n\\turldate = {2024-08-12},\\n\\tpublisher = {Duke University Press},\\n\\tauthor = {Riofrancos, Thea},\\n\\tyear = {2020},\\n\\tdoi = {10.2307/j.ctv14t48kg},\\n}\\n\\n\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Riofrancos, T.\"],\"key\":\"riofrancos_resource_2020-1\",\"id\":\"riofrancos_resource_2020-1\",\"bibbaseid\":\"riofrancos-resourceradicalsfrompetronationalismtopostextractivisminecuador-2020\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{\"Paper\":\"http://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctv14t48kg\"},\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"book\",\"type\":\"book\",\"address\":\"Oxford, UK\",\"title\":\"Interpretive Political Science: Selected Essays, Volume II\",\"isbn\":\"978-0-19-878611-5\",\"url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198786115.001.0001\",\"abstract\":\"This collection of essays is Volume II in a retrospective of previous publications. It looks forward and explores the ‘interpretive turn’ and its implications for the craft of political science, especially public administration. It draws together articles from 2005 onwards on the theme of ‘the interpretive turn’ in political science. Part I provides a summary statement of the interpretive approach. It provides the context for what follows. Part II develops the theme of blurring genres. It discusses a variety of research methods common in the humanities, including: ethnographic fieldwork, life history, and focus groups. Part III shows how the genres of thought and presentation found in the humanities can be used in political science. It presents four examples of such blurring ‘at work’ with studies of: applied anthropology and civil service reform; women’s studies and government departments; storytelling and local knowledge; and area studies and comparing Westminster governments. The book concludes with a summary of what is edifying about an interpretive approach, and why this approach matters. It revisits some of the more common criticisms before indulging in plausible conjectures about the future of interpretivism. The author’s main concern is to make the case for an interpretive approach by showing how it refreshes old topics and opens new empirical topics. The author seeks new and interesting ways to explore governance, high politics, public policies, and the study of public administration in general. So, the emphasis is on methods, and providing several examples of the approach ‘at work’.\",\"urldate\":\"2024-12-08\",\"publisher\":\"Oxford University Press\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Rhodes\"],\"firstnames\":[\"R.\",\"A.\",\"W.\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"month\":\"July\",\"year\":\"2017\",\"doi\":\"10.1093/oso/9780198786115.001.0001\",\"bibtex\":\"@book{rhodes_interpretive_2017,\\n\\taddress = {Oxford, UK},\\n\\ttitle = {Interpretive {Political} {Science}: {Selected} {Essays}, {Volume} {II}},\\n\\tisbn = {978-0-19-878611-5},\\n\\turl = {https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198786115.001.0001},\\n\\tabstract = {This collection of essays is Volume II in a retrospective of previous publications. It looks forward and explores the ‘interpretive turn’ and its implications for the craft of political science, especially public administration. It draws together articles from 2005 onwards on the theme of ‘the interpretive turn’ in political science. Part I provides a summary statement of the interpretive approach. It provides the context for what follows. Part II develops the theme of blurring genres. It discusses a variety of research methods common in the humanities, including: ethnographic fieldwork, life history, and focus groups. Part III shows how the genres of thought and presentation found in the humanities can be used in political science. It presents four examples of such blurring ‘at work’ with studies of: applied anthropology and civil service reform; women’s studies and government departments; storytelling and local knowledge; and area studies and comparing Westminster governments. The book concludes with a summary of what is edifying about an interpretive approach, and why this approach matters. It revisits some of the more common criticisms before indulging in plausible conjectures about the future of interpretivism. The author’s main concern is to make the case for an interpretive approach by showing how it refreshes old topics and opens new empirical topics. The author seeks new and interesting ways to explore governance, high politics, public policies, and the study of public administration in general. So, the emphasis is on methods, and providing several examples of the approach ‘at work’.},\\n\\turldate = {2024-12-08},\\n\\tpublisher = {Oxford University Press},\\n\\tauthor = {Rhodes, R. A. W.},\\n\\tmonth = jul,\\n\\tyear = {2017},\\n\\tdoi = {10.1093/oso/9780198786115.001.0001},\\n}\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Rhodes, R. A. W.\"],\"key\":\"rhodes_interpretive_2017\",\"id\":\"rhodes_interpretive_2017\",\"bibbaseid\":\"rhodes-interpretivepoliticalscienceselectedessaysvolumeii-2017\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{\"Paper\":\"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198786115.001.0001\"},\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"article\",\"type\":\"article\",\"title\":\"The Spectacle of Violence in Duterte's “War on Drugs”\",\"volume\":\"35\",\"issn\":\"1868-1034\",\"url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1177/186810341603500306\",\"doi\":\"10.1177/186810341603500306\",\"abstract\":\"This article argues that, in Duterte's “war on drugs”, state power is exercised through the body in a spectacle of humiliation and violence. The analysis draws from the work of Foucault (1979) on the political value of a spectacle of the body to explain the distinctive character of Duterte's violent war on drugs; of Feldman (1991) on the use of the body as an object in which violence is embodied to send political messages; of Agamben (1995) on eliminating life supposedly devoid of value; and on Mumford et al. (2007), who pointed to the popularity of “violent ideological leaders.” I argue that, under the Duterte administration, criminals are humiliated and killed in a spectacle of violence that politicises their lives, sending a message that intimidates others. In the process, law-abiding citizens are meant to feel safe, which is seen as likely to increase the newly elected president's popularity and his power as chief executive. Duterte has thereby politicised life, not only putting criminals outside the benefit of state protection but actively targeting them. Duterte is the first mayor and president to have actively targeted criminals and, in doing so has encouraged other politicians to follow his example. The politicisation of the bodies of criminals is distinctive in Duterte's form of violence. This article is drawn from data sets of individual killings when Duterte was either serving as or acting behind the mayor of Davao, and compared with cases of drug-related killings since he became president on 30 June 2016.\",\"language\":\"en\",\"number\":\"3\",\"urldate\":\"2024-08-12\",\"journal\":\"Journal of Current Southeast Asian Affairs\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Reyes\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Danilo\",\"Andres\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"month\":\"December\",\"year\":\"2016\",\"note\":\"Publisher: SAGE Publications Ltd\",\"pages\":\"111–137\",\"bibtex\":\"@article{reyes_spectacle_2016,\\n\\ttitle = {The {Spectacle} of {Violence} in {Duterte}'s “{War} on {Drugs}”},\\n\\tvolume = {35},\\n\\tissn = {1868-1034},\\n\\turl = {https://doi.org/10.1177/186810341603500306},\\n\\tdoi = {10.1177/186810341603500306},\\n\\tabstract = {This article argues that, in Duterte's “war on drugs”, state power is exercised through the body in a spectacle of humiliation and violence. The analysis draws from the work of Foucault (1979) on the political value of a spectacle of the body to explain the distinctive character of Duterte's violent war on drugs; of Feldman (1991) on the use of the body as an object in which violence is embodied to send political messages; of Agamben (1995) on eliminating life supposedly devoid of value; and on Mumford et al. (2007), who pointed to the popularity of “violent ideological leaders.” I argue that, under the Duterte administration, criminals are humiliated and killed in a spectacle of violence that politicises their lives, sending a message that intimidates others. In the process, law-abiding citizens are meant to feel safe, which is seen as likely to increase the newly elected president's popularity and his power as chief executive. Duterte has thereby politicised life, not only putting criminals outside the benefit of state protection but actively targeting them. Duterte is the first mayor and president to have actively targeted criminals and, in doing so has encouraged other politicians to follow his example. The politicisation of the bodies of criminals is distinctive in Duterte's form of violence. This article is drawn from data sets of individual killings when Duterte was either serving as or acting behind the mayor of Davao, and compared with cases of drug-related killings since he became president on 30 June 2016.},\\n\\tlanguage = {en},\\n\\tnumber = {3},\\n\\turldate = {2024-08-12},\\n\\tjournal = {Journal of Current Southeast Asian Affairs},\\n\\tauthor = {Reyes, Danilo Andres},\\n\\tmonth = dec,\\n\\tyear = {2016},\\n\\tnote = {Publisher: SAGE Publications Ltd},\\n\\tpages = {111--137},\\n}\\n\\n\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Reyes, D. A.\"],\"key\":\"reyes_spectacle_2016\",\"id\":\"reyes_spectacle_2016\",\"bibbaseid\":\"reyes-thespectacleofviolenceinduterteswarondrugs-2016\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{\"Paper\":\"https://doi.org/10.1177/186810341603500306\"},\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"article\",\"type\":\"article\",\"title\":\"Learning to facilitate deliberation: practicing the art of hosting\",\"volume\":\"8\",\"issn\":\"1946-0171\",\"shorttitle\":\"Learning to facilitate deliberation\",\"url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1080/19460171.2014.912959\",\"doi\":\"10.1080/19460171.2014.912959\",\"abstract\":\"Deliberation is increasingly embraced as a mode of policy-making, and this paper focuses on how facilitators of deliberative policy processes become critical, pragmatic practitioners of their complex craft. We analyze how deliberation facilitators learn to do their work through ethnographic study of an approach to facilitation known as the Art of Hosting and Harvesting Conversations that Matter. We identify three ways in which people learning to facilitate transform knowledge so that they become skilled facilitators. They do so by metabolizing hosting techniques to understand and incorporate or eschew them their repertoire; by situating hosting knowledge to apply or adapt it in particular contexts; and by coproducing knowledge of hosting with a community of practitioners. We demonstrate how these learning processes support public policy deliberations through illustrations and discuss the potential contributions of the Art of Hosting for enhancing societal capacities for deliberative policy-making.\",\"number\":\"3\",\"urldate\":\"2024-08-12\",\"journal\":\"Critical Policy Studies\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Quick\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Kathryn\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Sandfort\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Jodi\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"month\":\"July\",\"year\":\"2014\",\"note\":\"Publisher: Routledge _eprint: https://doi.org/10.1080/19460171.2014.912959\",\"keywords\":\"art of hosting, facilitation, knowledge production, learning theories, policy deliberation, pragmatism\",\"pages\":\"300–322\",\"bibtex\":\"@article{quick_learning_2014,\\n\\ttitle = {Learning to facilitate deliberation: practicing the art of hosting},\\n\\tvolume = {8},\\n\\tissn = {1946-0171},\\n\\tshorttitle = {Learning to facilitate deliberation},\\n\\turl = {https://doi.org/10.1080/19460171.2014.912959},\\n\\tdoi = {10.1080/19460171.2014.912959},\\n\\tabstract = {Deliberation is increasingly embraced as a mode of policy-making, and this paper focuses on how facilitators of deliberative policy processes become critical, pragmatic practitioners of their complex craft. We analyze how deliberation facilitators learn to do their work through ethnographic study of an approach to facilitation known as the Art of Hosting and Harvesting Conversations that Matter. We identify three ways in which people learning to facilitate transform knowledge so that they become skilled facilitators. They do so by metabolizing hosting techniques to understand and incorporate or eschew them their repertoire; by situating hosting knowledge to apply or adapt it in particular contexts; and by coproducing knowledge of hosting with a community of practitioners. We demonstrate how these learning processes support public policy deliberations through illustrations and discuss the potential contributions of the Art of Hosting for enhancing societal capacities for deliberative policy-making.},\\n\\tnumber = {3},\\n\\turldate = {2024-08-12},\\n\\tjournal = {Critical Policy Studies},\\n\\tauthor = {Quick, Kathryn and Sandfort, Jodi},\\n\\tmonth = jul,\\n\\tyear = {2014},\\n\\tnote = {Publisher: Routledge\\n\\\\_eprint: https://doi.org/10.1080/19460171.2014.912959},\\n\\tkeywords = {art of hosting, facilitation, knowledge production, learning theories, policy deliberation, pragmatism},\\n\\tpages = {300--322},\\n}\\n\\n\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Quick, K.\",\"Sandfort, J.\"],\"key\":\"quick_learning_2014\",\"id\":\"quick_learning_2014\",\"bibbaseid\":\"quick-sandfort-learningtofacilitatedeliberationpracticingtheartofhosting-2014\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{\"Paper\":\"https://doi.org/10.1080/19460171.2014.912959\"},\"keyword\":[\"art of hosting\",\"facilitation\",\"knowledge production\",\"learning theories\",\"policy deliberation\",\"pragmatism\"],\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"book\",\"type\":\"book\",\"address\":\"Cambridge, UK\",\"title\":\"International Pecking Orders: The Politics and Practice of Multilateral Diplomacy\",\"isbn\":\"978-1-107-14343-2\",\"shorttitle\":\"International Pecking Orders\",\"url\":\"https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/international-pecking-orders/A7C62B3209277B40EB4D594E30233B58\",\"abstract\":\"In any multilateral setting, some state representatives weigh much more heavily than others. Practitioners often refer to this form of diplomatic hierarchy as the 'international pecking order'. This book is a study of international hierarchy in practice, as it emerges out of the multilateral diplomatic process. Building on the social theories of Erving Goffman and Pierre Bourdieu, it argues that diplomacy produces inequality. Delving into the politics and inner dynamics of NATO and the UN as case studies, Vincent Pouliot shows that pecking orders are eminently complex social forms: contingent yet durable; constraining but also full of agency; operating at different levels, depending on issues; and defined in significant part locally, in and through the practice of multilateral diplomacy.\",\"urldate\":\"2024-08-12\",\"publisher\":\"Cambridge University Press\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Pouliot\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Vincent\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"year\":\"2016\",\"doi\":\"10.1017/CBO9781316534564\",\"bibtex\":\"@book{pouliot_international_2016,\\n\\taddress = {Cambridge, UK},\\n\\ttitle = {International {Pecking} {Orders}: {The} {Politics} and {Practice} of {Multilateral} {Diplomacy}},\\n\\tisbn = {978-1-107-14343-2},\\n\\tshorttitle = {International {Pecking} {Orders}},\\n\\turl = {https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/international-pecking-orders/A7C62B3209277B40EB4D594E30233B58},\\n\\tabstract = {In any multilateral setting, some state representatives weigh much more heavily than others. Practitioners often refer to this form of diplomatic hierarchy as the 'international pecking order'. This book is a study of international hierarchy in practice, as it emerges out of the multilateral diplomatic process. Building on the social theories of Erving Goffman and Pierre Bourdieu, it argues that diplomacy produces inequality. Delving into the politics and inner dynamics of NATO and the UN as case studies, Vincent Pouliot shows that pecking orders are eminently complex social forms: contingent yet durable; constraining but also full of agency; operating at different levels, depending on issues; and defined in significant part locally, in and through the practice of multilateral diplomacy.},\\n\\turldate = {2024-08-12},\\n\\tpublisher = {Cambridge University Press},\\n\\tauthor = {Pouliot, Vincent},\\n\\tyear = {2016},\\n\\tdoi = {10.1017/CBO9781316534564},\\n}\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Pouliot, V.\"],\"key\":\"pouliot_international_2016\",\"id\":\"pouliot_international_2016\",\"bibbaseid\":\"pouliot-internationalpeckingordersthepoliticsandpracticeofmultilateraldiplomacy-2016\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{\"Paper\":\"https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/international-pecking-orders/A7C62B3209277B40EB4D594E30233B58\"},\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"article\",\"type\":\"article\",\"title\":\"Exploring the Significance of Emotion for Mediation Practice\",\"volume\":\"31\",\"copyright\":\"© Wiley Periodicals, Inc., and the Association for Conflict Resolution\",\"issn\":\"1541-1508\",\"url\":\"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/crq.21078\",\"doi\":\"10.1002/crq.21078\",\"abstract\":\"The authors report on their exploratory study examining the learning process embedded in mediation. Their research procedures involved directed reflexive journaling followed by group discussions to generate insights into how mediation practitioners experience learning in mediation. The significance and role of emotion emerged as central to the dynamic of this learning process. The research indicates that the experience of positive and negative emotions attached to learning needs to be allowed and attended to within the mediation dynamic. This suggests that mediation practitioners need the competence to follow and understand their own learning-attached emotions as well as those of the parties.\",\"language\":\"en\",\"number\":\"1\",\"urldate\":\"2024-08-12\",\"journal\":\"Conflict Resolution Quarterly\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Picard\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Cheryl\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Siltanen\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Janet\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"year\":\"2013\",\"note\":\"_eprint: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/crq.21078\",\"pages\":\"31–55\",\"bibtex\":\"@article{picard_exploring_2013,\\n\\ttitle = {Exploring the {Significance} of {Emotion} for {Mediation} {Practice}},\\n\\tvolume = {31},\\n\\tcopyright = {© Wiley Periodicals, Inc., and the Association for Conflict Resolution},\\n\\tissn = {1541-1508},\\n\\turl = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/crq.21078},\\n\\tdoi = {10.1002/crq.21078},\\n\\tabstract = {The authors report on their exploratory study examining the learning process embedded in mediation. Their research procedures involved directed reflexive journaling followed by group discussions to generate insights into how mediation practitioners experience learning in mediation. The significance and role of emotion emerged as central to the dynamic of this learning process. The research indicates that the experience of positive and negative emotions attached to learning needs to be allowed and attended to within the mediation dynamic. This suggests that mediation practitioners need the competence to follow and understand their own learning-attached emotions as well as those of the parties.},\\n\\tlanguage = {en},\\n\\tnumber = {1},\\n\\turldate = {2024-08-12},\\n\\tjournal = {Conflict Resolution Quarterly},\\n\\tauthor = {Picard, Cheryl and Siltanen, Janet},\\n\\tyear = {2013},\\n\\tnote = {\\\\_eprint: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/crq.21078},\\n\\tpages = {31--55},\\n}\\n\\n\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Picard, C.\",\"Siltanen, J.\"],\"key\":\"picard_exploring_2013\",\"id\":\"picard_exploring_2013\",\"bibbaseid\":\"picard-siltanen-exploringthesignificanceofemotionformediationpractice-2013\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{\"Paper\":\"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/crq.21078\"},\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"article\",\"type\":\"article\",\"title\":\"Harmonisation by risk analysis? Frontex and the risk-based governance of European border control\",\"volume\":\"39\",\"issn\":\"0703-6337\",\"shorttitle\":\"Harmonisation by risk analysis?\",\"url\":\"https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/07036337.2017.1320553\",\"doi\":\"10.1080/07036337.2017.1320553\",\"abstract\":\"Scholars have highlighted the importance of Frontex risk analysis in the institutionalisation of EU-level border control without, however, sufficiently substantiating alleged harmonisation dynamics. This paper interrogates how and why EU-level actors seek to exploit risk analysis to harmonise European border control. An interpretive policy analysis of three contemporary applications of Frontex risk analysis – the Eurosur impact level assessment, the Schengen evaluation and monitoring mechanism and resource allocation in the Internal Security Fund – indicates that Frontex and the Commission found their harmonisation hopes on the rationalisation promises of risk-based governance – efficiency, effectiveness, and transparency gains and de-politicisation effects. This multi-functional rationalisation of Community decision-making is meant to justify increased EU-level coordination and interventions without challenging member state competencies, thereby enabling soft harmonisation processes in the weakly integrated and much contested domain. Rather than merely adhering to securitisation goals, risk analysis represents a magic bullet in the EU’s own institutional risk management.\",\"number\":\"6\",\"urldate\":\"2024-08-12\",\"journal\":\"Journal of European Integration\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Paul\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Regine\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"month\":\"September\",\"year\":\"2017\",\"note\":\"Publisher: Routledge\",\"keywords\":\"European integration, Frontex, border control, institutionalism, risk analysis, risk-based governance\",\"pages\":\"689–706\",\"bibtex\":\"@article{paul_harmonisation_2017,\\n\\ttitle = {Harmonisation by risk analysis? {Frontex} and the risk-based governance of {European} border control},\\n\\tvolume = {39},\\n\\tissn = {0703-6337},\\n\\tshorttitle = {Harmonisation by risk analysis?},\\n\\turl = {https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/07036337.2017.1320553},\\n\\tdoi = {10.1080/07036337.2017.1320553},\\n\\tabstract = {Scholars have highlighted the importance of Frontex risk analysis in the institutionalisation of EU-level border control without, however, sufficiently substantiating alleged harmonisation dynamics. This paper interrogates how and why EU-level actors seek to exploit risk analysis to harmonise European border control. An interpretive policy analysis of three contemporary applications of Frontex risk analysis – the Eurosur impact level assessment, the Schengen evaluation and monitoring mechanism and resource allocation in the Internal Security Fund – indicates that Frontex and the Commission found their harmonisation hopes on the rationalisation promises of risk-based governance – efficiency, effectiveness, and transparency gains and de-politicisation effects. This multi-functional rationalisation of Community decision-making is meant to justify increased EU-level coordination and interventions without challenging member state competencies, thereby enabling soft harmonisation processes in the weakly integrated and much contested domain. Rather than merely adhering to securitisation goals, risk analysis represents a magic bullet in the EU’s own institutional risk management.},\\n\\tnumber = {6},\\n\\turldate = {2024-08-12},\\n\\tjournal = {Journal of European Integration},\\n\\tauthor = {Paul, Regine},\\n\\tmonth = sep,\\n\\tyear = {2017},\\n\\tnote = {Publisher: Routledge},\\n\\tkeywords = {European integration, Frontex, border control, institutionalism, risk analysis, risk-based governance},\\n\\tpages = {689--706},\\n}\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Paul, R.\"],\"key\":\"paul_harmonisation_2017\",\"id\":\"paul_harmonisation_2017\",\"bibbaseid\":\"paul-harmonisationbyriskanalysisfrontexandtheriskbasedgovernanceofeuropeanbordercontrol-2017\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{\"Paper\":\"https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/07036337.2017.1320553\"},\"keyword\":[\"European integration\",\"Frontex\",\"border control\",\"institutionalism\",\"risk analysis\",\"risk-based governance\"],\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"article\",\"type\":\"article\",\"title\":\"‘A Life of Their Own’? Traditions, Power and ‘As If Realism’ in Political Analysis\",\"volume\":\"69\",\"issn\":\"0032-3217\",\"shorttitle\":\"‘A Life of Their Own’?\",\"url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1177/0032321720921502\",\"doi\":\"10.1177/0032321720921502\",\"abstract\":\"This article explores the role of tradition in the social world and offers a theory of why some traditions ‘stick’. Building on the ontological insight of ‘as if realism’, I argue that traditions are constitutive both of an actor’s beliefs and of their institutional context, and so critical to political analysis. The relative resonance of traditions can be understood as contingent upon power relations and ideational maintenance of traditions by groups of upholders – what could be termed ‘socially contingent’. Traditions help us understand why a person believes what they believe and how a person’s strategic calculations are affected by perceptions of what others believe. They exert a powerful pull to political actors as orientation tools in complex social settings and through the symbols and argumentation attached by those who uphold them. While traditions are contingent upon people’s beliefs, it is ‘as if’ they have a life of their own.\",\"language\":\"en\",\"number\":\"3\",\"urldate\":\"2024-08-12\",\"journal\":\"Political Studies\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Pike\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Karl\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"month\":\"August\",\"year\":\"2021\",\"note\":\"Publisher: SAGE Publications Ltd\",\"pages\":\"709–724\",\"bibtex\":\"@article{pike_life_2021,\\n\\ttitle = {‘{A} {Life} of {Their} {Own}’? {Traditions}, {Power} and ‘{As} {If} {Realism}’ in {Political} {Analysis}},\\n\\tvolume = {69},\\n\\tissn = {0032-3217},\\n\\tshorttitle = {‘{A} {Life} of {Their} {Own}’?},\\n\\turl = {https://doi.org/10.1177/0032321720921502},\\n\\tdoi = {10.1177/0032321720921502},\\n\\tabstract = {This article explores the role of tradition in the social world and offers a theory of why some traditions ‘stick’. Building on the ontological insight of ‘as if realism’, I argue that traditions are constitutive both of an actor’s beliefs and of their institutional context, and so critical to political analysis. The relative resonance of traditions can be understood as contingent upon power relations and ideational maintenance of traditions by groups of upholders – what could be termed ‘socially contingent’. Traditions help us understand why a person believes what they believe and how a person’s strategic calculations are affected by perceptions of what others believe. They exert a powerful pull to political actors as orientation tools in complex social settings and through the symbols and argumentation attached by those who uphold them. While traditions are contingent upon people’s beliefs, it is ‘as if’ they have a life of their own.},\\n\\tlanguage = {en},\\n\\tnumber = {3},\\n\\turldate = {2024-08-12},\\n\\tjournal = {Political Studies},\\n\\tauthor = {Pike, Karl},\\n\\tmonth = aug,\\n\\tyear = {2021},\\n\\tnote = {Publisher: SAGE Publications Ltd},\\n\\tpages = {709--724},\\n}\\n\\n\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Pike, K.\"],\"key\":\"pike_life_2021\",\"id\":\"pike_life_2021\",\"bibbaseid\":\"pike-alifeoftheirowntraditionspowerandasifrealisminpoliticalanalysis-2021\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{\"Paper\":\"https://doi.org/10.1177/0032321720921502\"},\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"book\",\"type\":\"book\",\"address\":\"New Haven, CT\",\"title\":\"Every Twelve Seconds: Industrialized Slaughter and the Politics of Sight\",\"isbn\":\"978-0-300-15267-8\",\"url\":\"http://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt5vm69m\",\"abstract\":\"This is an account of industrialized killing from a participant's point of view. The author, political scientist Timothy Pachirat, was employed undercover for five months in a Great Plains slaughterhouse where 2,500 cattle were killed per day-one every twelve seconds. Working in the cooler as a liver hanger, in the chutes as a cattle driver, and on the kill floor as a food-safety quality-control worker, Pachirat experienced firsthand the realities of the work of killing in modern society. He uses those experiences to explore not only the slaughter industry but also how, as a society, we facilitate violent labor and hide away that which is too repugnant to contemplate./p pThrough his vivid narrative and ethnographic approach, Pachirat brings to life massive, routine killing from the perspective of those who take part in it. He shows how surveillance and sequestration operate within the slaughterhouse and in its interactions with the community at large. He also considers how society is organized to distance and hide uncomfortable realities from view. With much to say about issues ranging from the sociology of violence and modern food production to animal rights and welfare, emEvery Twelve Seconds/em is an important and disturbing work./p\",\"urldate\":\"2024-08-12\",\"publisher\":\"Yale University Press\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Pachirat\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Timothy\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"year\":\"2011\",\"doi\":\"10.2307/j.ctt5vm69m\",\"bibtex\":\"@book{pachirat_every_2011,\\n\\taddress = {New Haven, CT},\\n\\ttitle = {Every {Twelve} {Seconds}: {Industrialized} {Slaughter} and the {Politics} of {Sight}},\\n\\tisbn = {978-0-300-15267-8},\\n\\turl = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt5vm69m},\\n\\tabstract = {This is an account of industrialized killing from a participant's point of view. The author, political scientist Timothy Pachirat, was employed undercover for five months in a Great Plains slaughterhouse where 2,500 cattle were killed per day-one every twelve seconds. Working in the cooler as a liver hanger, in the chutes as a cattle driver, and on the kill floor as a food-safety quality-control worker, Pachirat experienced firsthand the realities of the work of killing in modern society. He uses those experiences to explore not only the slaughter industry but also how, as a society, we facilitate violent labor and hide away that which is too repugnant to contemplate./p pThrough his vivid narrative and ethnographic approach, Pachirat brings to life massive, routine killing from the perspective of those who take part in it. He shows how surveillance and sequestration operate within the slaughterhouse and in its interactions with the community at large. He also considers how society is organized to distance and hide uncomfortable realities from view. With much to say about issues ranging from the sociology of violence and modern food production to animal rights and welfare, emEvery Twelve Seconds/em is an important and disturbing work./p},\\n\\turldate = {2024-08-12},\\n\\tpublisher = {Yale University Press},\\n\\tauthor = {Pachirat, Timothy},\\n\\tyear = {2011},\\n\\tdoi = {10.2307/j.ctt5vm69m},\\n}\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Pachirat, T.\"],\"key\":\"pachirat_every_2011\",\"id\":\"pachirat_every_2011\",\"bibbaseid\":\"pachirat-everytwelvesecondsindustrializedslaughterandthepoliticsofsight-2011\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{\"Paper\":\"http://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt5vm69m\"},\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"article\",\"type\":\"article\",\"title\":\"Relational Leadership, Storytelling, and Narratives: Practices of Local Government Chief Executives\",\"volume\":\"77\",\"copyright\":\"© 2016 by The American Society for Public Administration\",\"issn\":\"1540-6210\",\"shorttitle\":\"Relational Leadership, Storytelling, and Narratives\",\"url\":\"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/puar.12680\",\"doi\":\"10.1111/puar.12680\",\"abstract\":\"This article examines the storytelling and narrative practices of an elite group of public administrators in the United Kingdom: local government chief executives. The authors do so through the lens of relationality, exploring the collective dimensions of leadership. The focus on leadership and stories embraces the narrative turn in public administration scholarship. It responds to calls for research examining the distinctive settings of everyday leadership action. The contribution to theory is a qualitative understanding of the relational ways in which stories and narratives are used in the practices of public administration leaders. The article analyzes four ways in which such leadership is accomplished: inviting an emotional connection and commitment to public service, making sense of organizational realities, provoking reflections on practices and assumptions, and managing relations with politicians. The authors offer an appreciation of how relational leadership influence can be generated by expressive narratives and storytelling rather than stemming from bureaucratic authority.\",\"language\":\"en\",\"number\":\"4\",\"urldate\":\"2024-08-12\",\"journal\":\"Public Administration Review\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Orr\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Kevin\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Bennett\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Mike\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"year\":\"2017\",\"note\":\"_eprint: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/puar.12680\",\"pages\":\"515–527\",\"bibtex\":\"@article{orr_relational_2017,\\n\\ttitle = {Relational {Leadership}, {Storytelling}, and {Narratives}: {Practices} of {Local} {Government} {Chief} {Executives}},\\n\\tvolume = {77},\\n\\tcopyright = {© 2016 by The American Society for Public Administration},\\n\\tissn = {1540-6210},\\n\\tshorttitle = {Relational {Leadership}, {Storytelling}, and {Narratives}},\\n\\turl = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/puar.12680},\\n\\tdoi = {10.1111/puar.12680},\\n\\tabstract = {This article examines the storytelling and narrative practices of an elite group of public administrators in the United Kingdom: local government chief executives. The authors do so through the lens of relationality, exploring the collective dimensions of leadership. The focus on leadership and stories embraces the narrative turn in public administration scholarship. It responds to calls for research examining the distinctive settings of everyday leadership action. The contribution to theory is a qualitative understanding of the relational ways in which stories and narratives are used in the practices of public administration leaders. The article analyzes four ways in which such leadership is accomplished: inviting an emotional connection and commitment to public service, making sense of organizational realities, provoking reflections on practices and assumptions, and managing relations with politicians. The authors offer an appreciation of how relational leadership influence can be generated by expressive narratives and storytelling rather than stemming from bureaucratic authority.},\\n\\tlanguage = {en},\\n\\tnumber = {4},\\n\\turldate = {2024-08-12},\\n\\tjournal = {Public Administration Review},\\n\\tauthor = {Orr, Kevin and Bennett, Mike},\\n\\tyear = {2017},\\n\\tnote = {\\\\_eprint: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/puar.12680},\\n\\tpages = {515--527},\\n}\\n\\n\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Orr, K.\",\"Bennett, M.\"],\"key\":\"orr_relational_2017\",\"id\":\"orr_relational_2017\",\"bibbaseid\":\"orr-bennett-relationalleadershipstorytellingandnarrativespracticesoflocalgovernmentchiefexecutives-2017\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{\"Paper\":\"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/puar.12680\"},\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"book\",\"type\":\"book\",\"address\":\"Ithaca, NY\",\"title\":\"Our Enemies and US: America's Rivalries and the Making of Political Science\",\"isbn\":\"978-0-8014-3566-9\",\"shorttitle\":\"Our Enemies and US\",\"url\":\"https://www.cornellpress.cornell.edu/book/9780801478949/our-enemies-and-us/#bookTabs=1\",\"abstract\":\"Ido Oren challenges American political science's definition of itself as an objective science attached to democracy. The material Oren unearthed in his research into the discipline's ideological nature may discomfit many: Woodrow Wilson's admiration of Prussia's efficient bureaucracy; the favorable review of Mein Kampf published in the American Political Science Review; the involvement of political scientists in village pacification and interrogation of Viet Cong prisoners during the Vietnam War. Oren reveals the fervently pro-German views of the founder of the discipline, John W. Burgess, who stated that the Teutonic race was politically superior to all others, and he presents evidence of a long-term, intimate relationship between the discipline and the national security agencies of the U.S. government.Oren documents a systematic pattern of historical change in the discipline's characterization of America and America's chief enemies (Imperial Germany, Nazi Germany, Fascist Italy, and Stalin's Russia). These characterizations, he finds, swing from pre-conflict ideological \\\"accommodationism\\\" to post-conflict \\\"nationalism.\\\" Substantial traces of this historical process, in which politics and scholarship intertwine, still remain in the supposedly objective concepts and data sets of contemporary political science.Our Enemies and US is more than an exposé, however. Oren urges academics to be more sensitive to the moral ramifications of their work and to reflect on issues fundamental to the identity of political science. The discipline, he says, must take into account the historical position of its own scholarship.\",\"language\":\"en\",\"publisher\":\"Cornell University Press\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Oren\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Ido\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"year\":\"2003\",\"keywords\":\"Education / History, History / United States / 20th Century, Political Science / American Government / General, Political Science / History & Theory, Political Science / International Relations / General\",\"bibtex\":\"@book{oren_our_2003,\\n\\taddress = {Ithaca, NY},\\n\\ttitle = {Our {Enemies} and {US}: {America}'s {Rivalries} and the {Making} of {Political} {Science}},\\n\\tisbn = {978-0-8014-3566-9},\\n\\tshorttitle = {Our {Enemies} and {US}},\\n\\turl = {https://www.cornellpress.cornell.edu/book/9780801478949/our-enemies-and-us/#bookTabs=1},\\n\\tabstract = {Ido Oren challenges American political science's definition of itself as an objective science attached to democracy. The material Oren unearthed in his research into the discipline's ideological nature may discomfit many: Woodrow Wilson's admiration of Prussia's efficient bureaucracy; the favorable review of Mein Kampf published in the American Political Science Review; the involvement of political scientists in village pacification and interrogation of Viet Cong prisoners during the Vietnam War. Oren reveals the fervently pro-German views of the founder of the discipline, John W. Burgess, who stated that the Teutonic race was politically superior to all others, and he presents evidence of a long-term, intimate relationship between the discipline and the national security agencies of the U.S. government.Oren documents a systematic pattern of historical change in the discipline's characterization of America and America's chief enemies (Imperial Germany, Nazi Germany, Fascist Italy, and Stalin's Russia). These characterizations, he finds, swing from pre-conflict ideological \\\"accommodationism\\\" to post-conflict \\\"nationalism.\\\" Substantial traces of this historical process, in which politics and scholarship intertwine, still remain in the supposedly objective concepts and data sets of contemporary political science.Our Enemies and US is more than an exposé, however. Oren urges academics to be more sensitive to the moral ramifications of their work and to reflect on issues fundamental to the identity of political science. The discipline, he says, must take into account the historical position of its own scholarship.},\\n\\tlanguage = {en},\\n\\tpublisher = {Cornell University Press},\\n\\tauthor = {Oren, Ido},\\n\\tyear = {2003},\\n\\tkeywords = {Education / History, History / United States / 20th Century, Political Science / American Government / General, Political Science / History \\\\& Theory, Political Science / International Relations / General},\\n}\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Oren, I.\"],\"key\":\"oren_our_2003\",\"id\":\"oren_our_2003\",\"bibbaseid\":\"oren-ourenemiesandusamericasrivalriesandthemakingofpoliticalscience-2003\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{\"Paper\":\"https://www.cornellpress.cornell.edu/book/9780801478949/our-enemies-and-us/#bookTabs=1\"},\"keyword\":[\"Education / History\",\"History / United States / 20th Century\",\"Political Science / American Government / General\",\"Political Science / History & Theory\",\"Political Science / International Relations / General\"],\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"article\",\"type\":\"article\",\"title\":\"The Subjectivity of the \\\"Democratic\\\" Peace: Changing U.S. Perceptions of Imperial Germany\",\"volume\":\"20\",\"issn\":\"0162-2889\",\"shorttitle\":\"The Subjectivity of the \\\"Democratic\\\" Peace\",\"url\":\"https://www.jstor.org/stable/2539232\",\"doi\":\"10.2307/2539232\",\"number\":\"2\",\"urldate\":\"2024-08-12\",\"journal\":\"International Security\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Oren\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Ido\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"year\":\"1995\",\"note\":\"Publisher: The MIT Press\",\"pages\":\"147–184\",\"bibtex\":\"@article{oren_subjectivity_1995,\\n\\ttitle = {The {Subjectivity} of the \\\"{Democratic}\\\" {Peace}: {Changing} {U}.{S}. {Perceptions} of {Imperial} {Germany}},\\n\\tvolume = {20},\\n\\tissn = {0162-2889},\\n\\tshorttitle = {The {Subjectivity} of the \\\"{Democratic}\\\" {Peace}},\\n\\turl = {https://www.jstor.org/stable/2539232},\\n\\tdoi = {10.2307/2539232},\\n\\tnumber = {2},\\n\\turldate = {2024-08-12},\\n\\tjournal = {International Security},\\n\\tauthor = {Oren, Ido},\\n\\tyear = {1995},\\n\\tnote = {Publisher: The MIT Press},\\n\\tpages = {147--184},\\n}\\n\\n\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Oren, I.\"],\"key\":\"oren_subjectivity_1995\",\"id\":\"oren_subjectivity_1995\",\"bibbaseid\":\"oren-thesubjectivityofthedemocraticpeacechangingusperceptionsofimperialgermany-1995\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{\"Paper\":\"https://www.jstor.org/stable/2539232\"},\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"article\",\"type\":\"article\",\"title\":\"Shifting frames: balancing methodological inclusivity and policy relevance of feminist research\",\"volume\":\"24\",\"issn\":\"1461-6742\",\"shorttitle\":\"Shifting frames\",\"url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1080/14616742.2021.1952887\",\"doi\":\"10.1080/14616742.2021.1952887\",\"abstract\":\"Feminist scholars working in international development are often challenged to devise inclusive feminist methodologies and produce evidence-based policy recommendations to inform hegemonic policy processes. The quantitative hegemonic policy frames, however, stand in contrast with interpretative feminist approaches. Feminists face a choice between producing purely academic content or acting as mediators and insiders/outsiders in policy arenas. Feminists are thus called to bridge feminist and dominant policy frames and in this way disrupt hegemonic categories of analysis. This article is based on a case study employing two research methods to examine the activism of Indigenous women opposing the Fenix mine operations in Guatemala. Semi-structured interviews and focus group discussions confirmed practical recommendations directed at traditional decision makers, while photo elicitation interviews reflected structural and cultural frames demonstrating the deeper repercussions of the exploitative and institutionalized practices of the mining industry. Translating local symbols, norms, and cultural practices into the policy frames of decision makers, however, requires deliberate efforts by feminists. This work should not be undermined, neither in terms of the preparation of feminist researchers, nor in light of debates around collective feminist scholarship and collaboration among community-engaged scholars.\",\"number\":\"5\",\"urldate\":\"2024-08-12\",\"journal\":\"International Feminist Journal of Politics\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Novovic\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Gloria\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Tatham\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Rebecca\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"month\":\"October\",\"year\":\"2022\",\"note\":\"Publisher: Routledge _eprint: https://doi.org/10.1080/14616742.2021.1952887\",\"keywords\":\"Feminist methodology, Guatemala, Indigenous studies, extractive industries, policy frames\",\"pages\":\"699–720\",\"bibtex\":\"@article{novovic_shifting_2022,\\n\\ttitle = {Shifting frames: balancing methodological inclusivity and policy relevance of feminist research},\\n\\tvolume = {24},\\n\\tissn = {1461-6742},\\n\\tshorttitle = {Shifting frames},\\n\\turl = {https://doi.org/10.1080/14616742.2021.1952887},\\n\\tdoi = {10.1080/14616742.2021.1952887},\\n\\tabstract = {Feminist scholars working in international development are often challenged to devise inclusive feminist methodologies and produce evidence-based policy recommendations to inform hegemonic policy processes. The quantitative hegemonic policy frames, however, stand in contrast with interpretative feminist approaches. Feminists face a choice between producing purely academic content or acting as mediators and insiders/outsiders in policy arenas. Feminists are thus called to bridge feminist and dominant policy frames and in this way disrupt hegemonic categories of analysis. This article is based on a case study employing two research methods to examine the activism of Indigenous women opposing the Fenix mine operations in Guatemala. Semi-structured interviews and focus group discussions confirmed practical recommendations directed at traditional decision makers, while photo elicitation interviews reflected structural and cultural frames demonstrating the deeper repercussions of the exploitative and institutionalized practices of the mining industry. Translating local symbols, norms, and cultural practices into the policy frames of decision makers, however, requires deliberate efforts by feminists. This work should not be undermined, neither in terms of the preparation of feminist researchers, nor in light of debates around collective feminist scholarship and collaboration among community-engaged scholars.},\\n\\tnumber = {5},\\n\\turldate = {2024-08-12},\\n\\tjournal = {International Feminist Journal of Politics},\\n\\tauthor = {Novovic, Gloria and Tatham, Rebecca},\\n\\tmonth = oct,\\n\\tyear = {2022},\\n\\tnote = {Publisher: Routledge\\n\\\\_eprint: https://doi.org/10.1080/14616742.2021.1952887},\\n\\tkeywords = {Feminist methodology, Guatemala, Indigenous studies, extractive industries, policy frames},\\n\\tpages = {699--720},\\n}\\n\\n\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Novovic, G.\",\"Tatham, R.\"],\"key\":\"novovic_shifting_2022\",\"id\":\"novovic_shifting_2022\",\"bibbaseid\":\"novovic-tatham-shiftingframesbalancingmethodologicalinclusivityandpolicyrelevanceoffeministresearch-2022\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{\"Paper\":\"https://doi.org/10.1080/14616742.2021.1952887\"},\"keyword\":[\"Feminist methodology\",\"Guatemala\",\"Indigenous studies\",\"extractive industries\",\"policy frames\"],\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"article\",\"type\":\"article\",\"title\":\"Between protection and participation: Rethinking children’s rights to participate in protests on streets, online spaces, and schools\",\"volume\":\"19\",\"issn\":\"1475-4835\",\"shorttitle\":\"Between protection and participation\",\"url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1080/14754835.2020.1783523\",\"doi\":\"10.1080/14754835.2020.1783523\",\"abstract\":\"This article engages in a critical reflection on children’s right to participation, focusing on their participation in three key spaces—streets, online spaces, and schools. These spaces are mentioned frequently in UN documents, yet the principle of protection tends to trump that of participation when it comes to children’s activity in these spaces. Such treatment would not only underestimate the participatory dynamics of these spaces but also reinforce the dominant understanding of children as vulnerable, passive, and immature beings. By critically examining UNICEF’s annual report, “The State of the World’s Children,” through a qualitative content analysis and drawing on recent counterexamples of children’s activities in these spaces, this article reconceptualizes the participatory capacities of these spaces.\",\"number\":\"4\",\"urldate\":\"2024-08-12\",\"journal\":\"Journal of Human Rights\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Nishiyama\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Kei\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"month\":\"August\",\"year\":\"2020\",\"note\":\"Publisher: Routledge _eprint: https://doi.org/10.1080/14754835.2020.1783523\",\"pages\":\"501–517\",\"bibtex\":\"@article{nishiyama_between_2020,\\n\\ttitle = {Between protection and participation: {Rethinking} children’s rights to participate in protests on streets, online spaces, and schools},\\n\\tvolume = {19},\\n\\tissn = {1475-4835},\\n\\tshorttitle = {Between protection and participation},\\n\\turl = {https://doi.org/10.1080/14754835.2020.1783523},\\n\\tdoi = {10.1080/14754835.2020.1783523},\\n\\tabstract = {This article engages in a critical reflection on children’s right to participation, focusing on their participation in three key spaces—streets, online spaces, and schools. These spaces are mentioned frequently in UN documents, yet the principle of protection tends to trump that of participation when it comes to children’s activity in these spaces. Such treatment would not only underestimate the participatory dynamics of these spaces but also reinforce the dominant understanding of children as vulnerable, passive, and immature beings. By critically examining UNICEF’s annual report, “The State of the World’s Children,” through a qualitative content analysis and drawing on recent counterexamples of children’s activities in these spaces, this article reconceptualizes the participatory capacities of these spaces.},\\n\\tnumber = {4},\\n\\turldate = {2024-08-12},\\n\\tjournal = {Journal of Human Rights},\\n\\tauthor = {Nishiyama, Kei},\\n\\tmonth = aug,\\n\\tyear = {2020},\\n\\tnote = {Publisher: Routledge\\n\\\\_eprint: https://doi.org/10.1080/14754835.2020.1783523},\\n\\tpages = {501--517},\\n}\\n\\n\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Nishiyama, K.\"],\"key\":\"nishiyama_between_2020\",\"id\":\"nishiyama_between_2020\",\"bibbaseid\":\"nishiyama-betweenprotectionandparticipationrethinkingchildrensrightstoparticipateinprotestsonstreetsonlinespacesandschools-2020\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{\"Paper\":\"https://doi.org/10.1080/14754835.2020.1783523\"},\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"article\",\"type\":\"article\",\"title\":\"Children of a Lesser God: Administrative Burden and Social Equity in Citizen–State Interactions\",\"volume\":\"28\",\"issn\":\"1053-1858\",\"url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1093/jopart/mux025\",\"doi\":\"10.1093/jopart/mux025\",\"abstract\":\"An important research agenda in public administration is to investigate how formal and realized public policy influences the lives of marginalized social groups. Recently, reinvigorated research on administrative burden can make useful contributions to this line of inquiry. Using ethnographic research methods, this article analyzes administrative burden experienced by the Khawaja Sira—individuals culturally defined as neither men nor women—of Pakistan in getting a legal ID. In doing so, this article contributes to a better understanding of the role played by third parties, administrative behavior and social factors play in influencing the level of administrative burden and social inequity for genderqueer groups.\",\"number\":\"1\",\"urldate\":\"2024-12-08\",\"journal\":\"Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Nisar\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Muhammad\",\"A\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"month\":\"January\",\"year\":\"2018\",\"pages\":\"104–119\",\"bibtex\":\"@article{nisar_children_2018,\\n\\ttitle = {Children of a {Lesser} {God}: {Administrative} {Burden} and {Social} {Equity} in {Citizen}–{State} {Interactions}},\\n\\tvolume = {28},\\n\\tissn = {1053-1858},\\n\\turl = {https://doi.org/10.1093/jopart/mux025},\\n\\tdoi = {10.1093/jopart/mux025},\\n\\tabstract = {An important research agenda in public administration is to investigate how formal and realized public policy influences the lives of marginalized social groups. Recently, reinvigorated research on administrative burden can make useful contributions to this line of inquiry. Using ethnographic research methods, this article analyzes administrative burden experienced by the Khawaja Sira—individuals culturally defined as neither men nor women—of Pakistan in getting a legal ID. In doing so, this article contributes to a better understanding of the role played by third parties, administrative behavior and social factors play in influencing the level of administrative burden and social inequity for genderqueer groups.},\\n\\tnumber = {1},\\n\\turldate = {2024-12-08},\\n\\tjournal = {Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory},\\n\\tauthor = {Nisar, Muhammad A},\\n\\tmonth = jan,\\n\\tyear = {2018},\\n\\tpages = {104--119},\\n}\\n\\n\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Nisar, M. A\"],\"key\":\"nisar_children_2018\",\"id\":\"nisar_children_2018\",\"bibbaseid\":\"nisar-childrenofalessergodadministrativeburdenandsocialequityincitizenstateinteractions-2018\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{\"Paper\":\"https://doi.org/10.1093/jopart/mux025\"},\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"book\",\"type\":\"book\",\"address\":\"Cambridge, UK\",\"series\":\"Cambridge Studies in Comparative Politics\",\"title\":\"Deadly Clerics: Blocked Ambition and the Paths to Jihad\",\"isbn\":\"978-1-108-41668-9\",\"shorttitle\":\"Deadly Clerics\",\"url\":\"https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/deadly-clerics/DAB04B6A1137EFC51053C751617EA832\",\"abstract\":\"Deadly Clerics explains why some Muslim clerics adopt the ideology of militant jihadism while most do not. The book explores multiple pathways of cleric radicalization and shows that the interplay of academic, religious, and political institutions has influenced the rise of modern jihadism through a mechanism of blocked ambition. As long as clerics' academic ambitions remain attainable, they are unlikely to espouse violent jihad. Clerics who are forced out of academia are more likely to turn to jihad for two reasons: jihadist ideas are attractive to those who see the system as turning against them, and preaching a jihad ideology can help these outsider clerics attract supporters and funds. The book draws on evidence from various sources, including large-scale statistical analysis of texts and network data obtained from the Internet, case studies of clerics' lives, and ethnographic participant observations at sites in Cairo, Egypt.\",\"urldate\":\"2024-08-12\",\"publisher\":\"Cambridge University Press\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Nielsen\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Richard\",\"A.\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"year\":\"2017\",\"doi\":\"10.1017/9781108241700\",\"bibtex\":\"@book{nielsen_deadly_2017,\\n\\taddress = {Cambridge, UK},\\n\\tseries = {Cambridge {Studies} in {Comparative} {Politics}},\\n\\ttitle = {Deadly {Clerics}: {Blocked} {Ambition} and the {Paths} to {Jihad}},\\n\\tisbn = {978-1-108-41668-9},\\n\\tshorttitle = {Deadly {Clerics}},\\n\\turl = {https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/deadly-clerics/DAB04B6A1137EFC51053C751617EA832},\\n\\tabstract = {Deadly Clerics explains why some Muslim clerics adopt the ideology of militant jihadism while most do not. The book explores multiple pathways of cleric radicalization and shows that the interplay of academic, religious, and political institutions has influenced the rise of modern jihadism through a mechanism of blocked ambition. As long as clerics' academic ambitions remain attainable, they are unlikely to espouse violent jihad. Clerics who are forced out of academia are more likely to turn to jihad for two reasons: jihadist ideas are attractive to those who see the system as turning against them, and preaching a jihad ideology can help these outsider clerics attract supporters and funds. The book draws on evidence from various sources, including large-scale statistical analysis of texts and network data obtained from the Internet, case studies of clerics' lives, and ethnographic participant observations at sites in Cairo, Egypt.},\\n\\turldate = {2024-08-12},\\n\\tpublisher = {Cambridge University Press},\\n\\tauthor = {Nielsen, Richard A.},\\n\\tyear = {2017},\\n\\tdoi = {10.1017/9781108241700},\\n}\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Nielsen, R. A.\"],\"key\":\"nielsen_deadly_2017\",\"id\":\"nielsen_deadly_2017\",\"bibbaseid\":\"nielsen-deadlyclericsblockedambitionandthepathstojihad-2017\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{\"Paper\":\"https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/deadly-clerics/DAB04B6A1137EFC51053C751617EA832\"},\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"article\",\"type\":\"article\",\"title\":\"The Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada: Genesis and Design\",\"volume\":\"29\",\"issn\":\"0829-3201, 1911-0227\",\"shorttitle\":\"The Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada\",\"url\":\"https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/canadian-journal-of-law-and-society-la-revue-canadienne-droit-et-societe/article/abs/truth-and-reconciliation-commission-of-canada-genesis-and-design1/0EE04799DDAE376B2E38ECB0553E5528\",\"doi\":\"10.1017/cls.2014.8\",\"abstract\":\"How and why did Canada end up with a Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC) rather than a judicially based public inquiry in response to Indian Residential Schools? Using a constructivist-interpretivist approach with interview research with twenty-three key actors, this article traces the path toward the Indian Residential Schools Settlement Agreement. It examines in particular the shift from calls for public inquiry to truth and reconciliation. In sourcing the idea of a TRC, it gauges the balance between transnational influences and home-grown elements and suggests that two different approaches to a truth commission were merged during the settlement negotiations. One approach, associated with the Assembly of First Nations, focuses on accountability and public record, and the other, associated with survivor and Protestant organizations, is more grassroots and community-focused. This article looks at hybridity and gaps in the TRC’s design, suggesting that the two visions of a truth commission continue to exist in tension., Comment et pourquoi le Canada a-t-il abouti avec une Commission de vérité et réconciliation (CVR) plutôt que de mettre en place une enquête publique judiciaire sur le système de pensionnats indiens ? À l’aide d’une approche constructiviste-interprétative et de travaux de recherche effectués au moyen d’entrevues avec vingt-trois principaux acteurs, cet article trace le parcours vers la Convention de règlement relative aux pensionnats indiens. Il examine notamment le passage des demandes d’une enquête publique vers des demandes de vérité et réconciliation. Examinant le concept d’une CVR, ce texte mesure le juste équilibre entre les influences transnationales et les éléments canadiens et suggère que deux différentes approches d’une commission de vérité ont été combinées lors des négociations menées en vue du règlement. L’une des approches, associée à l’Assemblée des Premières Nations, est centrée sur la responsabilisation et le domaine public, tandis que l’autre, associée aux organisations protestantes et de survivants, est davantage centrée sur des idées populaires et communautaires. Cet article examine l’hybridité ainsi que les lacunes dans la conception de la CVR et suggère que les deux visions d’une commission de vérité continuent d’exister en tension.\",\"language\":\"en\",\"number\":\"2\",\"urldate\":\"2024-08-12\",\"journal\":\"Canadian Journal of Law and Society / La Revue Canadienne Droit et Société\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Nagy\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Rosemary\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"month\":\"August\",\"year\":\"2014\",\"keywords\":\"Commission de vérité et réconciliation du Canada, Convention de règlement relative aux pensionnats indiens, Indian Residential Schools Settlement Agreement, Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada, commissions de vérité, constructivist-interpretivist research, justice transitionnelle, recherche constructiviste-interprétative, transitional justice, truth commissions\",\"pages\":\"199–217\",\"bibtex\":\"@article{nagy_truth_2014,\\n\\ttitle = {The {Truth} and {Reconciliation} {Commission} of {Canada}: {Genesis} and {Design}},\\n\\tvolume = {29},\\n\\tissn = {0829-3201, 1911-0227},\\n\\tshorttitle = {The {Truth} and {Reconciliation} {Commission} of {Canada}},\\n\\turl = {https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/canadian-journal-of-law-and-society-la-revue-canadienne-droit-et-societe/article/abs/truth-and-reconciliation-commission-of-canada-genesis-and-design1/0EE04799DDAE376B2E38ECB0553E5528},\\n\\tdoi = {10.1017/cls.2014.8},\\n\\tabstract = {How and why did Canada end up with a Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC) rather than a judicially based public inquiry in response to Indian Residential Schools? Using a constructivist-interpretivist approach with interview research with twenty-three key actors, this article traces the path toward the Indian Residential Schools Settlement Agreement. It examines in particular the shift from calls for public inquiry to truth and reconciliation. In sourcing the idea of a TRC, it gauges the balance between transnational influences and home-grown elements and suggests that two different approaches to a truth commission were merged during the settlement negotiations. One approach, associated with the Assembly of First Nations, focuses on accountability and public record, and the other, associated with survivor and Protestant organizations, is more grassroots and community-focused. This article looks at hybridity and gaps in the TRC’s design, suggesting that the two visions of a truth commission continue to exist in tension., Comment et pourquoi le Canada a-t-il abouti avec une Commission de vérité et réconciliation (CVR) plutôt que de mettre en place une enquête publique judiciaire sur le système de pensionnats indiens ? À l’aide d’une approche constructiviste-interprétative et de travaux de recherche effectués au moyen d’entrevues avec vingt-trois principaux acteurs, cet article trace le parcours vers la Convention de règlement relative aux pensionnats indiens. Il examine notamment le passage des demandes d’une enquête publique vers des demandes de vérité et réconciliation. Examinant le concept d’une CVR, ce texte mesure le juste équilibre entre les influences transnationales et les éléments canadiens et suggère que deux différentes approches d’une commission de vérité ont été combinées lors des négociations menées en vue du règlement. L’une des approches, associée à l’Assemblée des Premières Nations, est centrée sur la responsabilisation et le domaine public, tandis que l’autre, associée aux organisations protestantes et de survivants, est davantage centrée sur des idées populaires et communautaires. Cet article examine l’hybridité ainsi que les lacunes dans la conception de la CVR et suggère que les deux visions d’une commission de vérité continuent d’exister en tension.},\\n\\tlanguage = {en},\\n\\tnumber = {2},\\n\\turldate = {2024-08-12},\\n\\tjournal = {Canadian Journal of Law and Society / La Revue Canadienne Droit et Société},\\n\\tauthor = {Nagy, Rosemary},\\n\\tmonth = aug,\\n\\tyear = {2014},\\n\\tkeywords = {Commission de vérité et réconciliation du Canada, Convention de règlement relative aux pensionnats indiens, Indian Residential Schools Settlement Agreement, Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada, commissions de vérité, constructivist-interpretivist research, justice transitionnelle, recherche constructiviste-interprétative, transitional justice, truth commissions},\\n\\tpages = {199--217},\\n}\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Nagy, R.\"],\"key\":\"nagy_truth_2014\",\"id\":\"nagy_truth_2014\",\"bibbaseid\":\"nagy-thetruthandreconciliationcommissionofcanadagenesisanddesign-2014\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{\"Paper\":\"https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/canadian-journal-of-law-and-society-la-revue-canadienne-droit-et-societe/article/abs/truth-and-reconciliation-commission-of-canada-genesis-and-design1/0EE04799DDAE376B2E38ECB0553E5528\"},\"keyword\":[\"Commission de vérité et réconciliation du Canada\",\"Convention de règlement relative aux pensionnats indiens\",\"Indian Residential Schools Settlement Agreement\",\"Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada\",\"commissions de vérité\",\"constructivist-interpretivist research\",\"justice transitionnelle\",\"recherche constructiviste-interprétative\",\"transitional justice\",\"truth commissions\"],\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"article\",\"type\":\"article\",\"title\":\"International Responsibility as Solidarity: The Impact of the World Summit Negotiations on the R2P Trajectory\",\"volume\":\"30\",\"issn\":\"1360-0826\",\"shorttitle\":\"International Responsibility as Solidarity\",\"url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1080/13600826.2015.1094451\",\"doi\":\"10.1080/13600826.2015.1094451\",\"abstract\":\"The 2005 World Summit's endorsement of a responsibility to protect people from atrocity crimes, widely hailed as a landmark agreement, became possible through a discursive shift in the negotiations leading up to the summit, where a normative approach of international solidarity started to replace bitter debates about the legitimacy of military intervention. This approach identified the lack of sufficient state capacities to adequately deal with atrocity crimes as a core problem, with capacity building and international assistance as solutions. Consequently, the outcome document was most influential in these areas, enabling policy entrepreneurs to further institutionalise early warning in the UN Secretariat, frame international disputes in more sovereignty-friendly and thus relatively constructive terms, and fit with a broader trend towards ever more robust peace operations with the priority mandate to protect civilians. This means R2P remains largely tied to non-state violence, however, leaving unresolved the perennial question of international actions concerning repressive states.\",\"number\":\"1\",\"urldate\":\"2024-08-12\",\"journal\":\"Global Society\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Murthy\"],\"firstnames\":[\"C.S.R.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Kurtz\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Gerrit\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"month\":\"January\",\"year\":\"2016\",\"note\":\"Publisher: Routledge _eprint: https://doi.org/10.1080/13600826.2015.1094451\",\"pages\":\"38–53\",\"bibtex\":\"@article{murthy_international_2016,\\n\\ttitle = {International {Responsibility} as {Solidarity}: {The} {Impact} of the {World} {Summit} {Negotiations} on the {R2P} {Trajectory}},\\n\\tvolume = {30},\\n\\tissn = {1360-0826},\\n\\tshorttitle = {International {Responsibility} as {Solidarity}},\\n\\turl = {https://doi.org/10.1080/13600826.2015.1094451},\\n\\tdoi = {10.1080/13600826.2015.1094451},\\n\\tabstract = {The 2005 World Summit's endorsement of a responsibility to protect people from atrocity crimes, widely hailed as a landmark agreement, became possible through a discursive shift in the negotiations leading up to the summit, where a normative approach of international solidarity started to replace bitter debates about the legitimacy of military intervention. This approach identified the lack of sufficient state capacities to adequately deal with atrocity crimes as a core problem, with capacity building and international assistance as solutions. Consequently, the outcome document was most influential in these areas, enabling policy entrepreneurs to further institutionalise early warning in the UN Secretariat, frame international disputes in more sovereignty-friendly and thus relatively constructive terms, and fit with a broader trend towards ever more robust peace operations with the priority mandate to protect civilians. This means R2P remains largely tied to non-state violence, however, leaving unresolved the perennial question of international actions concerning repressive states.},\\n\\tnumber = {1},\\n\\turldate = {2024-08-12},\\n\\tjournal = {Global Society},\\n\\tauthor = {Murthy, C.S.R. and Kurtz, Gerrit},\\n\\tmonth = jan,\\n\\tyear = {2016},\\n\\tnote = {Publisher: Routledge\\n\\\\_eprint: https://doi.org/10.1080/13600826.2015.1094451},\\n\\tpages = {38--53},\\n}\\n\\n\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Murthy, C.\",\"Kurtz, G.\"],\"key\":\"murthy_international_2016\",\"id\":\"murthy_international_2016\",\"bibbaseid\":\"murthy-kurtz-internationalresponsibilityassolidaritytheimpactoftheworldsummitnegotiationsonther2ptrajectory-2016\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{\"Paper\":\"https://doi.org/10.1080/13600826.2015.1094451\"},\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"article\",\"type\":\"article\",\"title\":\"Rethinking the travel of ideas: policy translation in the water sector\",\"volume\":\"42\",\"shorttitle\":\"Rethinking the travel of ideas\",\"url\":\"https://bristoluniversitypressdigital.com/view/journals/pp/42/1/article-p71.xml\",\"doi\":\"10.1332/030557312X655459\",\"abstract\":\"The travel of policy ideas across countries is a widely acknowledged phenomenon. Conventional approaches to the study of this process hinge on concepts such as ‘policy transfer’, ‘policy diffusion’, ‘lesson-drawing’ and ‘institutional isomorphism’. These approaches are influential in understanding public policy; however, they assume perfect rationality of actors, the stability of governance scales and the immutability of policy ideas in their travel. I propose policy translation as a new approach to counter these shortcomings and study the travel of policy ideas in order to shed light on pertaining policy questions, such as whether the travel of policy ideas may be navigated, and if so, how. I illustrate the relevance and value of policy translation with a case study from the water sector in Turkey.\",\"language\":\"en\",\"number\":\"1\",\"urldate\":\"2024-08-12\",\"journal\":\"Policy Press\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Mukhtarov\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Farhad\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"month\":\"January\",\"year\":\"2014\",\"note\":\"Section: Policy & Politics\",\"keywords\":\"contingency, meaning, policy transfer, policy translation, scale\",\"pages\":\"71–88\",\"bibtex\":\"@article{mukhtarov_rethinking_2014,\\n\\ttitle = {Rethinking the travel of ideas: policy translation in the water sector},\\n\\tvolume = {42},\\n\\tshorttitle = {Rethinking the travel of ideas},\\n\\turl = {https://bristoluniversitypressdigital.com/view/journals/pp/42/1/article-p71.xml},\\n\\tdoi = {10.1332/030557312X655459},\\n\\tabstract = {The travel of policy ideas across countries is a widely acknowledged phenomenon. Conventional approaches to the study of this process hinge on concepts such as ‘policy transfer’, ‘policy diffusion’, ‘lesson-drawing’ and ‘institutional isomorphism’. These approaches are influential in understanding public policy; however, they assume perfect rationality of actors, the stability of governance scales and the immutability of policy ideas in their travel. I propose policy translation as a new approach to counter these shortcomings and study the travel of policy ideas in order to shed light on pertaining policy questions, such as whether the travel of policy ideas may be navigated, and if so, how. I illustrate the relevance and value of policy translation with a case study from the water sector in Turkey.},\\n\\tlanguage = {en},\\n\\tnumber = {1},\\n\\turldate = {2024-08-12},\\n\\tjournal = {Policy Press},\\n\\tauthor = {Mukhtarov, Farhad},\\n\\tmonth = jan,\\n\\tyear = {2014},\\n\\tnote = {Section: Policy \\\\& Politics},\\n\\tkeywords = {contingency, meaning, policy transfer, policy translation, scale},\\n\\tpages = {71--88},\\n}\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Mukhtarov, F.\"],\"key\":\"mukhtarov_rethinking_2014\",\"id\":\"mukhtarov_rethinking_2014\",\"bibbaseid\":\"mukhtarov-rethinkingthetravelofideaspolicytranslationinthewatersector-2014\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{\"Paper\":\"https://bristoluniversitypressdigital.com/view/journals/pp/42/1/article-p71.xml\"},\"keyword\":[\"contingency\",\"meaning\",\"policy transfer\",\"policy translation\",\"scale\"],\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"downloads\":0,\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"article\",\"type\":\"article\",\"title\":\"Fracking the Debate: Frame Shifts and Boundary Work in Dutch Decision Making on Shale Gas\",\"volume\":\"19\",\"issn\":\"1523-908X\",\"shorttitle\":\"Fracking the Debate\",\"url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1080/1523908X.2014.941462\",\"doi\":\"10.1080/1523908X.2014.941462\",\"abstract\":\"The meaning of hydraulic fracturing for shale gas is contested worldwide: is it an energy game changer, a transition fuel, or a technology that poses severe environmental problems? In the Netherlands, a policy controversy developed in which fracturing was reframed from ‘business as usual’ to a potential environmental risk. This article theoretically and empirically describes this shift by arguing that the technology of hydraulic fracturing for shale gas is a boundary object that created a sphere of engagement for all sorts of actors. In this sphere, they negotiated a common but soft meaning of this technology. These negotiations consisted of frame contests. As part of those contests, the discursive strategies of framing and boundary work enabled opponents to create uncertainty about economic benefits and environmental impact. The shift in meaning transformed the issue from an economic one with standard governmental rules and regulations into a planning issue that needs more precaution.\",\"number\":\"1\",\"urldate\":\"2024-08-12\",\"journal\":\"Journal of Environmental Policy & Planning\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Metze\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Tamara\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"month\":\"January\",\"year\":\"2017\",\"note\":\"Publisher: Routledge _eprint: https://doi.org/10.1080/1523908X.2014.941462\",\"keywords\":\"Shale gas, boundary object, boundary work, framing, hydraulic fracturing\",\"pages\":\"35–52\",\"bibtex\":\"@article{metze_fracking_2017,\\n\\ttitle = {Fracking the {Debate}: {Frame} {Shifts} and {Boundary} {Work} in {Dutch} {Decision} {Making} on {Shale} {Gas}},\\n\\tvolume = {19},\\n\\tissn = {1523-908X},\\n\\tshorttitle = {Fracking the {Debate}},\\n\\turl = {https://doi.org/10.1080/1523908X.2014.941462},\\n\\tdoi = {10.1080/1523908X.2014.941462},\\n\\tabstract = {The meaning of hydraulic fracturing for shale gas is contested worldwide: is it an energy game changer, a transition fuel, or a technology that poses severe environmental problems? In the Netherlands, a policy controversy developed in which fracturing was reframed from ‘business as usual’ to a potential environmental risk. This article theoretically and empirically describes this shift by arguing that the technology of hydraulic fracturing for shale gas is a boundary object that created a sphere of engagement for all sorts of actors. In this sphere, they negotiated a common but soft meaning of this technology. These negotiations consisted of frame contests. As part of those contests, the discursive strategies of framing and boundary work enabled opponents to create uncertainty about economic benefits and environmental impact. The shift in meaning transformed the issue from an economic one with standard governmental rules and regulations into a planning issue that needs more precaution.},\\n\\tnumber = {1},\\n\\turldate = {2024-08-12},\\n\\tjournal = {Journal of Environmental Policy \\\\& Planning},\\n\\tauthor = {Metze, Tamara},\\n\\tmonth = jan,\\n\\tyear = {2017},\\n\\tnote = {Publisher: Routledge\\n\\\\_eprint: https://doi.org/10.1080/1523908X.2014.941462},\\n\\tkeywords = {Shale gas, boundary object, boundary work, framing, hydraulic fracturing},\\n\\tpages = {35--52},\\n}\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Metze, T.\"],\"key\":\"metze_fracking_2017\",\"id\":\"metze_fracking_2017\",\"bibbaseid\":\"metze-frackingthedebateframeshiftsandboundaryworkindutchdecisionmakingonshalegas-2017\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{\"Paper\":\"https://doi.org/10.1080/1523908X.2014.941462\"},\"keyword\":[\"Shale gas\",\"boundary object\",\"boundary work\",\"framing\",\"hydraulic fracturing\"],\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"article\",\"type\":\"article\",\"title\":\"Explaining Change in Legislatures: Dilemmas of Managerial Reform in the UK House of Commons\",\"volume\":\"70\",\"issn\":\"0032-3217\",\"shorttitle\":\"Explaining Change in Legislatures\",\"url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1177/0032321720955127\",\"doi\":\"10.1177/0032321720955127\",\"abstract\":\"How do institutions adapt and reform themselves in response to new challenges? This article considers the role of ideas and posits that the concept of ‘dilemma’ – clashes of beliefs played out through power relations and practices – offers a complementary tool to understand institutional change. It draws on the 2014 appointment of a new Clerk to the UK House of Commons – in which conflicting beliefs about the House of Commons administration opened a dilemma for key parliamentary actors – as a token case study to highlight the value of the concepts of beliefs, practices and dilemmas. It further broadens out these findings to consider the value of a wider interpretive approach for understanding how institutions may adapt and change. In doing so, it makes (1) a theoretical contribution by exploring the role of ideas in causing institutional change and (2) an empirical contribution through its analysis of parliamentary administration, an understudied area.\",\"language\":\"en\",\"number\":\"1\",\"urldate\":\"2024-08-12\",\"journal\":\"Political Studies\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Meakin\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Alexandra\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Geddes\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Marc\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"month\":\"February\",\"year\":\"2022\",\"note\":\"Publisher: SAGE Publications Ltd\",\"pages\":\"216–235\",\"bibtex\":\"@article{meakin_explaining_2022,\\n\\ttitle = {Explaining {Change} in {Legislatures}: {Dilemmas} of {Managerial} {Reform} in the {UK} {House} of {Commons}},\\n\\tvolume = {70},\\n\\tissn = {0032-3217},\\n\\tshorttitle = {Explaining {Change} in {Legislatures}},\\n\\turl = {https://doi.org/10.1177/0032321720955127},\\n\\tdoi = {10.1177/0032321720955127},\\n\\tabstract = {How do institutions adapt and reform themselves in response to new challenges? This article considers the role of ideas and posits that the concept of ‘dilemma’ – clashes of beliefs played out through power relations and practices – offers a complementary tool to understand institutional change. It draws on the 2014 appointment of a new Clerk to the UK House of Commons – in which conflicting beliefs about the House of Commons administration opened a dilemma for key parliamentary actors – as a token case study to highlight the value of the concepts of beliefs, practices and dilemmas. It further broadens out these findings to consider the value of a wider interpretive approach for understanding how institutions may adapt and change. In doing so, it makes (1) a theoretical contribution by exploring the role of ideas in causing institutional change and (2) an empirical contribution through its analysis of parliamentary administration, an understudied area.},\\n\\tlanguage = {en},\\n\\tnumber = {1},\\n\\turldate = {2024-08-12},\\n\\tjournal = {Political Studies},\\n\\tauthor = {Meakin, Alexandra and Geddes, Marc},\\n\\tmonth = feb,\\n\\tyear = {2022},\\n\\tnote = {Publisher: SAGE Publications Ltd},\\n\\tpages = {216--235},\\n}\\n\\n\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Meakin, A.\",\"Geddes, M.\"],\"key\":\"meakin_explaining_2022\",\"id\":\"meakin_explaining_2022\",\"bibbaseid\":\"meakin-geddes-explainingchangeinlegislaturesdilemmasofmanagerialreformintheukhouseofcommons-2022\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{\"Paper\":\"https://doi.org/10.1177/0032321720955127\"},\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"book\",\"type\":\"book\",\"address\":\"Ann Arbor, MI\",\"title\":\"Cops, Teachers, Counselors\",\"isbn\":\"978-0-472-09832-3\",\"url\":\"http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.3998/mpub.11924\",\"abstract\":\"Whether on a patrol beat, in social service offices, or in public school classrooms, street-level workers continually confront rules in relation to their own beliefs about the people they encounter. Cops, Teachers, Counselors is the first major study of street-level bureaucracy to rely on storytelling. Steven Maynard-Moody and Michael Musheno collect the stories told by these workers in order to analyze the ways that they ascribe identities to the people they encounter and use these identities to account for their own decisions and actions. The authors show us how the world of street-level work is defined by the competing tensions of law abidance and cultural abidance in a unique study that finally allows cops, teachers, and counselors to voice their own views of their work.Steven Maynard-Moody is Director of the Policy Research Institute and Professor of Public Administration at the University of Kansas.Michael Musheno is Professor of Justice and Policy Studies at Lycoming College and Professor Emeritus of Justice Studies, Arizona State University.\",\"urldate\":\"2024-08-12\",\"publisher\":\"University of Michigan Press\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Maynard-Moody\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Steven\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Musheno\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Michael\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"year\":\"2003\",\"doi\":\"10.3998/mpub.11924\",\"bibtex\":\"@book{maynard-moody_cops_2003,\\n\\taddress = {Ann Arbor, MI},\\n\\ttitle = {Cops, {Teachers}, {Counselors}},\\n\\tisbn = {978-0-472-09832-3},\\n\\turl = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.3998/mpub.11924},\\n\\tabstract = {Whether on a patrol beat, in social service offices, or in public school classrooms, street-level workers continually confront rules in relation to their own beliefs about the people they encounter. Cops, Teachers, Counselors is the first major study of street-level bureaucracy to rely on storytelling. Steven Maynard-Moody and Michael Musheno collect the stories told by these workers in order to analyze the ways that they ascribe identities to the people they encounter and use these identities to account for their own decisions and actions. The authors show us how the world of street-level work is defined by the competing tensions of law abidance and cultural abidance in a unique study that finally allows cops, teachers, and counselors to voice their own views of their work.Steven Maynard-Moody is Director of the Policy Research Institute and Professor of Public Administration at the University of Kansas.Michael Musheno is Professor of Justice and Policy Studies at Lycoming College and Professor Emeritus of Justice Studies, Arizona State University.},\\n\\turldate = {2024-08-12},\\n\\tpublisher = {University of Michigan Press},\\n\\tauthor = {Maynard-Moody, Steven and Musheno, Michael},\\n\\tyear = {2003},\\n\\tdoi = {10.3998/mpub.11924},\\n}\\n\\n\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Maynard-Moody, S.\",\"Musheno, M.\"],\"key\":\"maynard-moody_cops_2003\",\"id\":\"maynard-moody_cops_2003\",\"bibbaseid\":\"maynardmoody-musheno-copsteacherscounselors-2003\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{\"Paper\":\"http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.3998/mpub.11924\"},\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"article\",\"type\":\"article\",\"title\":\"State Agent or Citizen Agent: Two Narratives of Discretion\",\"volume\":\"10\",\"issn\":\"1053-1858\",\"url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.jpart.a024272\",\"doi\":\"10.1093/oxfordjournals.jpart.a024272\",\"abstract\":\"In street-level work discretion is inevitable. Scholars have articulated a dominant view or narrative that addresses the role of discretion in the administrative state. This state-agent narrative acknowledges inevitability of discretion and emphasizes that self-interest guides street-level choices: street-level workers use their discretion to make their work easier, safer, and more rewarding. In addition the dominant narrative describes street-level workers as policy makers, yet it worries about the threat that street-level discretion poses to democratic governance.Street-level workers, themselves, tell a different story, a counternarrative of the worker acting as a citizen agent. These two narratives are not wholly inconsistent but they differ in emphasis and meaning. The description of the street-level counter-narrative is based on extensive fieldwork in two states and five agencies. Rather than discretionary state agents who act in response to rules, procedures, and law, street-level workers describe themselves as citizen agents who act in response to individuals and circumstances. They do not describe what they do as contributing to policy making or even as implementing policy. Moreover, street-level workers do not describe their decisions and actions as based on their views of the correctness of the rules, wisdom of the policy, or accountability to any hierarchical authority or democratic principle. They base their decisions on their judgment of the worth of the individual citizen client.Street-level workers discount the importance of self-interest and will often make their work harder, more unpleasant, more dangerous, and less officially successful in order to respond to the needs of individuals. They describe themselves as decision makers, but they base their decisions on normative choices, not in response to rules, procedures, or policies. These normative choices are defined in terms of relationships to citizens, clients, coworkers, and the system. By substituting their pragmatic judgments for the unrealistic views of those with formal and legitimate authority, street-level workers are, in their view, acting responsibly.\",\"number\":\"2\",\"urldate\":\"2024-12-08\",\"journal\":\"Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Maynard-Moody\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Steven\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Musheno\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Michael\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"month\":\"April\",\"year\":\"2000\",\"pages\":\"329–358\",\"bibtex\":\"@article{maynard-moody_state_2000,\\n\\ttitle = {State {Agent} or {Citizen} {Agent}: {Two} {Narratives} of {Discretion}},\\n\\tvolume = {10},\\n\\tissn = {1053-1858},\\n\\turl = {https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.jpart.a024272},\\n\\tdoi = {10.1093/oxfordjournals.jpart.a024272},\\n\\tabstract = {In street-level work discretion is inevitable. Scholars have articulated a dominant view or narrative that addresses the role of discretion in the administrative state. This state-agent narrative acknowledges inevitability of discretion and emphasizes that self-interest guides street-level choices: street-level workers use their discretion to make their work easier, safer, and more rewarding. In addition the dominant narrative describes street-level workers as policy makers, yet it worries about the threat that street-level discretion poses to democratic governance.Street-level workers, themselves, tell a different story, a counternarrative of the worker acting as a citizen agent. These two narratives are not wholly inconsistent but they differ in emphasis and meaning. The description of the street-level counter-narrative is based on extensive fieldwork in two states and five agencies. Rather than discretionary state agents who act in response to rules, procedures, and law, street-level workers describe themselves as citizen agents who act in response to individuals and circumstances. They do not describe what they do as contributing to policy making or even as implementing policy. Moreover, street-level workers do not describe their decisions and actions as based on their views of the correctness of the rules, wisdom of the policy, or accountability to any hierarchical authority or democratic principle. They base their decisions on their judgment of the worth of the individual citizen client.Street-level workers discount the importance of self-interest and will often make their work harder, more unpleasant, more dangerous, and less officially successful in order to respond to the needs of individuals. They describe themselves as decision makers, but they base their decisions on normative choices, not in response to rules, procedures, or policies. These normative choices are defined in terms of relationships to citizens, clients, coworkers, and the system. By substituting their pragmatic judgments for the unrealistic views of those with formal and legitimate authority, street-level workers are, in their view, acting responsibly.},\\n\\tnumber = {2},\\n\\turldate = {2024-12-08},\\n\\tjournal = {Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory},\\n\\tauthor = {Maynard-Moody, Steven and Musheno, Michael},\\n\\tmonth = apr,\\n\\tyear = {2000},\\n\\tpages = {329--358},\\n}\\n\\n\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Maynard-Moody, S.\",\"Musheno, M.\"],\"key\":\"maynard-moody_state_2000\",\"id\":\"maynard-moody_state_2000\",\"bibbaseid\":\"maynardmoody-musheno-stateagentorcitizenagenttwonarrativesofdiscretion-2000\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{\"Paper\":\"https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.jpart.a024272\"},\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"article\",\"type\":\"article\",\"title\":\"Everyday stories of impact: interpreting knowledge exchange in the contemporary university\",\"volume\":\"14\",\"url\":\"https://bristoluniversitypressdigital.com/view/journals/evp/14/04/article-p665.xml\",\"doi\":\"10.1332/174426417X14982110094140\",\"number\":\"04\",\"journal\":\"Evidence and Policy: A Journal of Research, Debate and Practice\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Matthews\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Peter\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Rutherfoord\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Robert\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Connelly\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Steve\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Richardson\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Liz\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Durose\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Catherine\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Vanderhoven\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Dave\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"year\":\"2018\",\"note\":\"Place: Bristol, UK Publisher: Policy Press\",\"pages\":\"665 – 682\",\"bibtex\":\"@article{matthews_everyday_2018,\\n\\ttitle = {Everyday stories of impact: interpreting knowledge exchange in the contemporary university},\\n\\tvolume = {14},\\n\\turl = {https://bristoluniversitypressdigital.com/view/journals/evp/14/04/article-p665.xml},\\n\\tdoi = {10.1332/174426417X14982110094140},\\n\\tnumber = {04},\\n\\tjournal = {Evidence and Policy: A Journal of Research, Debate and Practice},\\n\\tauthor = {Matthews, Peter and Rutherfoord, Robert and Connelly, Steve and Richardson, Liz and Durose, Catherine and Vanderhoven, Dave},\\n\\tyear = {2018},\\n\\tnote = {Place: Bristol, UK\\nPublisher: Policy Press},\\n\\tpages = {665 -- 682},\\n}\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Matthews, P.\",\"Rutherfoord, R.\",\"Connelly, S.\",\"Richardson, L.\",\"Durose, C.\",\"Vanderhoven, D.\"],\"key\":\"matthews_everyday_2018\",\"id\":\"matthews_everyday_2018\",\"bibbaseid\":\"matthews-rutherfoord-connelly-richardson-durose-vanderhoven-everydaystoriesofimpactinterpretingknowledgeexchangeinthecontemporaryuniversity-2018\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{\"Paper\":\"https://bristoluniversitypressdigital.com/view/journals/evp/14/04/article-p665.xml\"},\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"article\",\"type\":\"article\",\"title\":\"Parking policy: The socio-legal architecture of parking bays in American cities\",\"volume\":\"91\",\"issn\":\"0264-8377\",\"shorttitle\":\"Parking policy\",\"url\":\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0264837718313310\",\"doi\":\"10.1016/j.landusepol.2019.03.044\",\"abstract\":\"In Western vehicularized society, we are constructed by lines. We wait in queues while stuck in traffic, waiting for a morning coffee, even to receive basic governmental entitlements. Lines perpetuate order in an otherwise world of chaos. Lines frame how we distinguish between order and chaos. In parking, lines frame a legitimized rectangle of vehicular occupancy. In other words, the marked parking space is ours for a little while *if* we park within the lines. The legal aesthetic of lines designating parking spaces on pavement symbolizes a legal landscape of cars and people. This performance of law that keeps us ‘in line’ is a really a construction of order designed according to the spatiality of belonging (Philippopoulos-Mihalopoulos, 2015). Whether on streets or in lots, pavement that is painted for parking is a site of legal culture. This material spatialization perpetuates a map of life based upon vehicular size and designated usage. The cultural architecture of these lines spatially engenders the paved environment (Dovey, 2009; Lefebvre, 1991) and generates a form visual legal pollution that further contributes to the nomospheric occupancy of place in everyday life (Delaney, 2010). Yet, everyday resistance to such linear normativity (Barr, 2015) disrupts the normative ordering of place and tests the socio-legal imagination.\",\"urldate\":\"2024-08-12\",\"journal\":\"Land Use Policy\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Marusek\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Sarah\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"month\":\"February\",\"year\":\"2020\",\"keywords\":\"Parking\",\"pages\":\"103931\",\"bibtex\":\"@article{marusek_parking_2020,\\n\\ttitle = {Parking policy: {The} socio-legal architecture of parking bays in {American} cities},\\n\\tvolume = {91},\\n\\tissn = {0264-8377},\\n\\tshorttitle = {Parking policy},\\n\\turl = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0264837718313310},\\n\\tdoi = {10.1016/j.landusepol.2019.03.044},\\n\\tabstract = {In Western vehicularized society, we are constructed by lines. We wait in queues while stuck in traffic, waiting for a morning coffee, even to receive basic governmental entitlements. Lines perpetuate order in an otherwise world of chaos. Lines frame how we distinguish between order and chaos. In parking, lines frame a legitimized rectangle of vehicular occupancy. In other words, the marked parking space is ours for a little while *if* we park within the lines. The legal aesthetic of lines designating parking spaces on pavement symbolizes a legal landscape of cars and people. This performance of law that keeps us ‘in line’ is a really a construction of order designed according to the spatiality of belonging (Philippopoulos-Mihalopoulos, 2015). Whether on streets or in lots, pavement that is painted for parking is a site of legal culture. This material spatialization perpetuates a map of life based upon vehicular size and designated usage. The cultural architecture of these lines spatially engenders the paved environment (Dovey, 2009; Lefebvre, 1991) and generates a form visual legal pollution that further contributes to the nomospheric occupancy of place in everyday life (Delaney, 2010). Yet, everyday resistance to such linear normativity (Barr, 2015) disrupts the normative ordering of place and tests the socio-legal imagination.},\\n\\turldate = {2024-08-12},\\n\\tjournal = {Land Use Policy},\\n\\tauthor = {Marusek, Sarah},\\n\\tmonth = feb,\\n\\tyear = {2020},\\n\\tkeywords = {Parking},\\n\\tpages = {103931},\\n}\\n\\n\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Marusek, S.\"],\"key\":\"marusek_parking_2020\",\"id\":\"marusek_parking_2020\",\"bibbaseid\":\"marusek-parkingpolicythesociolegalarchitectureofparkingbaysinamericancities-2020\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{\"Paper\":\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0264837718313310\"},\"keyword\":[\"Parking\"],\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"book\",\"type\":\"book\",\"address\":\"New York, N.Y\",\"title\":\"Politics of Parking: Rights, Identity, and Property\",\"isbn\":\"978-1-4094-9802-5\",\"shorttitle\":\"Politics of Parking\",\"url\":\"https://www.routledge.com/Politics-of-Parking-Rights-Identity-and-Property/Marusek/p/book/9781138116924\",\"abstract\":\"There is more to parking law than just parking penalties. Considering the ways in which law works in everyday life, and in familiar places of common experience where the presence of law is not obvious, this book explores the various notions of the right to park, which jurisprudentially is enacted between individuals in everyday parking. From parking areas to the courtroom, parking engenders disputes over equality, speech, legitimacy, and entitlement that reach beyond the stated scope of policy. Looking beyond the obvious, this book examines the contested site of the parking space as a place of socio-legal meaning where property claims and rights shape identities. Adopting a constitutive approach to the study of law, the book examines how regulation of parking policy is at odds with the force of localised politics, producing competing notions of legality and examples of legal semiotics within the terrain of legal geography.\",\"language\":\"en\",\"publisher\":\"Routledge\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Marusek\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Sarah\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"year\":\"2016\",\"note\":\"Google-Books-ID: IIKpV1eRNjQC\",\"keywords\":\"Law / Public\",\"bibtex\":\"@book{marusek_politics_2016,\\n\\taddress = {New York, N.Y},\\n\\ttitle = {Politics of {Parking}: {Rights}, {Identity}, and {Property}},\\n\\tisbn = {978-1-4094-9802-5},\\n\\tshorttitle = {Politics of {Parking}},\\n\\turl = {https://www.routledge.com/Politics-of-Parking-Rights-Identity-and-Property/Marusek/p/book/9781138116924},\\n\\tabstract = {There is more to parking law than just parking penalties. Considering the ways in which law works in everyday life, and in familiar places of common experience where the presence of law is not obvious, this book explores the various notions of the right to park, which jurisprudentially is enacted between individuals in everyday parking. From parking areas to the courtroom, parking engenders disputes over equality, speech, legitimacy, and entitlement that reach beyond the stated scope of policy. Looking beyond the obvious, this book examines the contested site of the parking space as a place of socio-legal meaning where property claims and rights shape identities. Adopting a constitutive approach to the study of law, the book examines how regulation of parking policy is at odds with the force of localised politics, producing competing notions of legality and examples of legal semiotics within the terrain of legal geography.},\\n\\tlanguage = {en},\\n\\tpublisher = {Routledge},\\n\\tauthor = {Marusek, Sarah},\\n\\tyear = {2016},\\n\\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: IIKpV1eRNjQC},\\n\\tkeywords = {Law / Public},\\n}\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Marusek, S.\"],\"key\":\"marusek_politics_2016\",\"id\":\"marusek_politics_2016\",\"bibbaseid\":\"marusek-politicsofparkingrightsidentityandproperty-2016\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{\"Paper\":\"https://www.routledge.com/Politics-of-Parking-Rights-Identity-and-Property/Marusek/p/book/9781138116924\"},\"keyword\":[\"Law / Public\"],\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"article\",\"type\":\"article\",\"title\":\"Different narratives, one area without internal frontiers: why EU institutions cannot agree on the refugee crisis\",\"volume\":\"19\",\"issn\":\"1460-8944\",\"shorttitle\":\"Different narratives, one area without internal frontiers\",\"url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1080/14608944.2016.1256982\",\"doi\":\"10.1080/14608944.2016.1256982\",\"abstract\":\"This article contextualizes contemporary institutional responses of the European Union (EU) to the refugee crisis within the historical setting in which EU migration and asylum policies emerged – namely during the implementation of the border-free Schengen Area (1984–1995). Using the analytical framework of ‘policy narratives’, it argues that EU institutions have used the creation of the ‘area without internal frontiers’ to build coherent narratives about the nature and scope of EU action and of their own role in it. Such narratives became locked into the institutional discourse and influenced the subsequent evolution of EU politics on the topic.\",\"number\":\"2\",\"urldate\":\"2024-08-12\",\"journal\":\"National Identities\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Maricut\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Adina\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"month\":\"April\",\"year\":\"2017\",\"note\":\"Publisher: Routledge _eprint: https://doi.org/10.1080/14608944.2016.1256982\",\"keywords\":\"European Union, Schengen Area, migration, policy narratives, refugee crisis\",\"pages\":\"161–177\",\"bibtex\":\"@article{maricut_different_2017,\\n\\ttitle = {Different narratives, one area without internal frontiers: why {EU} institutions cannot agree on the refugee crisis},\\n\\tvolume = {19},\\n\\tissn = {1460-8944},\\n\\tshorttitle = {Different narratives, one area without internal frontiers},\\n\\turl = {https://doi.org/10.1080/14608944.2016.1256982},\\n\\tdoi = {10.1080/14608944.2016.1256982},\\n\\tabstract = {This article contextualizes contemporary institutional responses of the European Union (EU) to the refugee crisis within the historical setting in which EU migration and asylum policies emerged – namely during the implementation of the border-free Schengen Area (1984–1995). Using the analytical framework of ‘policy narratives’, it argues that EU institutions have used the creation of the ‘area without internal frontiers’ to build coherent narratives about the nature and scope of EU action and of their own role in it. Such narratives became locked into the institutional discourse and influenced the subsequent evolution of EU politics on the topic.},\\n\\tnumber = {2},\\n\\turldate = {2024-08-12},\\n\\tjournal = {National Identities},\\n\\tauthor = {Maricut, Adina},\\n\\tmonth = apr,\\n\\tyear = {2017},\\n\\tnote = {Publisher: Routledge\\n\\\\_eprint: https://doi.org/10.1080/14608944.2016.1256982},\\n\\tkeywords = {European Union, Schengen Area, migration, policy narratives, refugee crisis},\\n\\tpages = {161--177},\\n}\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Maricut, A.\"],\"key\":\"maricut_different_2017\",\"id\":\"maricut_different_2017\",\"bibbaseid\":\"maricut-differentnarrativesoneareawithoutinternalfrontierswhyeuinstitutionscannotagreeontherefugeecrisis-2017\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{\"Paper\":\"https://doi.org/10.1080/14608944.2016.1256982\"},\"keyword\":[\"European Union\",\"Schengen Area\",\"migration\",\"policy narratives\",\"refugee crisis\"],\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"article\",\"type\":\"article\",\"title\":\"Publicizing the (In)visible? Celebrities, Anti-Human Trafficking Activism, and Feminist Ideologies\",\"volume\":\"28\",\"issn\":\"1072-4745\",\"shorttitle\":\"Publicizing the (In)visible?\",\"url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1093/sp/jxz040\",\"doi\":\"10.1093/sp/jxz040\",\"abstract\":\"This article examines celebrities’ anti-human trafficking activism from 2000 to 2016 to interpret how they use their fame and personal experiences to publicize feminist issues. Drawing from an original dataset, I argue first that celebrities represent human trafficking in ways that circulate various feminist ideologies. Next, I juxtapose Ashley Judd and Jada Pinkett Smith to examine how individual celebrities adopt, reflect, and complicate these representations and ideologies, arguing here that celebrities variously deploy their personal stories to challenge and reinforce race and gender hierarchies. The conclusion considers this research’s broader implications for understanding celebrities, feminism, and policy debates.\",\"number\":\"1\",\"urldate\":\"2024-08-12\",\"journal\":\"Social Politics: International Studies in Gender, State & Society\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Majic\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Samantha\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"month\":\"March\",\"year\":\"2021\",\"pages\":\"94–118\",\"bibtex\":\"@article{majic_publicizing_2021,\\n\\ttitle = {Publicizing the ({In})visible? {Celebrities}, {Anti}-{Human} {Trafficking} {Activism}, and {Feminist} {Ideologies}},\\n\\tvolume = {28},\\n\\tissn = {1072-4745},\\n\\tshorttitle = {Publicizing the ({In})visible?},\\n\\turl = {https://doi.org/10.1093/sp/jxz040},\\n\\tdoi = {10.1093/sp/jxz040},\\n\\tabstract = {This article examines celebrities’ anti-human trafficking activism from 2000 to 2016 to interpret how they use their fame and personal experiences to publicize feminist issues. Drawing from an original dataset, I argue first that celebrities represent human trafficking in ways that circulate various feminist ideologies. Next, I juxtapose Ashley Judd and Jada Pinkett Smith to examine how individual celebrities adopt, reflect, and complicate these representations and ideologies, arguing here that celebrities variously deploy their personal stories to challenge and reinforce race and gender hierarchies. The conclusion considers this research’s broader implications for understanding celebrities, feminism, and policy debates.},\\n\\tnumber = {1},\\n\\turldate = {2024-08-12},\\n\\tjournal = {Social Politics: International Studies in Gender, State \\\\& Society},\\n\\tauthor = {Majic, Samantha},\\n\\tmonth = mar,\\n\\tyear = {2021},\\n\\tpages = {94--118},\\n}\\n\\n\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Majic, S.\"],\"key\":\"majic_publicizing_2021-1\",\"id\":\"majic_publicizing_2021-1\",\"bibbaseid\":\"majic-publicizingtheinvisiblecelebritiesantihumantraffickingactivismandfeministideologies-2021\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{\"Paper\":\"https://doi.org/10.1093/sp/jxz040\"},\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"article\",\"type\":\"article\",\"title\":\"BEYOND \\\"VICTIM-CRIMINALS\\\": Sex Workers, Nonprofit Organizations, and Gender Ideologies\",\"volume\":\"28\",\"issn\":\"0891-2432\",\"shorttitle\":\"BEYOND \\\"VICTIM-CRIMINALS\\\"\",\"url\":\"https://www.jstor.org/stable/43669893\",\"abstract\":\"This article examines the St. James Infirmary (SJI), a nonprofit occupational health and safety clinic for sex workers in San Francisco, to consider how particular organizational spaces and practices may challenge gender ideologies in the United States—in this case, of women sex workers as \\\"victim-criminals.\\\" Drawing empirically from multimethod qualitative research and theoretically from feminist institutionalism, I indicate how the SJI's broader institutional context has (re)produced a victim-criminal ideology of women in prostitution. Next, I consider the SJI's organizational emergence and operations to argue that, by deploying particular spatial-discursive practices and operational procedures, nonprofits with legacies of activism may draw from these to challenge dominant gender ideologies, even as they work alongside the broader institutional structures that promote them. Although single case studies like the SJI cannot establish broad theoretical generalizations and propositions, I use it to build knowledge and highlight important lessons about nonprofits, gender, and institutional change.\",\"number\":\"3\",\"urldate\":\"2024-08-12\",\"journal\":\"Gender and Society\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Majic\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Samantha\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"year\":\"2014\",\"note\":\"Publisher: Sage Publications, Inc.\",\"pages\":\"463–485\",\"bibtex\":\"@article{majic_beyond_2014,\\n\\ttitle = {{BEYOND} \\\"{VICTIM}-{CRIMINALS}\\\": {Sex} {Workers}, {Nonprofit} {Organizations}, and {Gender} {Ideologies}},\\n\\tvolume = {28},\\n\\tissn = {0891-2432},\\n\\tshorttitle = {{BEYOND} \\\"{VICTIM}-{CRIMINALS}\\\"},\\n\\turl = {https://www.jstor.org/stable/43669893},\\n\\tabstract = {This article examines the St. James Infirmary (SJI), a nonprofit occupational health and safety clinic for sex workers in San Francisco, to consider how particular organizational spaces and practices may challenge gender ideologies in the United States—in this case, of women sex workers as \\\"victim-criminals.\\\" Drawing empirically from multimethod qualitative research and theoretically from feminist institutionalism, I indicate how the SJI's broader institutional context has (re)produced a victim-criminal ideology of women in prostitution. Next, I consider the SJI's organizational emergence and operations to argue that, by deploying particular spatial-discursive practices and operational procedures, nonprofits with legacies of activism may draw from these to challenge dominant gender ideologies, even as they work alongside the broader institutional structures that promote them. Although single case studies like the SJI cannot establish broad theoretical generalizations and propositions, I use it to build knowledge and highlight important lessons about nonprofits, gender, and institutional change.},\\n\\tnumber = {3},\\n\\turldate = {2024-08-12},\\n\\tjournal = {Gender and Society},\\n\\tauthor = {Majic, Samantha},\\n\\tyear = {2014},\\n\\tnote = {Publisher: Sage Publications, Inc.},\\n\\tpages = {463--485},\\n}\\n\\n\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Majic, S.\"],\"key\":\"majic_beyond_2014\",\"id\":\"majic_beyond_2014\",\"bibbaseid\":\"majic-beyondvictimcriminalssexworkersnonprofitorganizationsandgenderideologies-2014\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{\"Paper\":\"https://www.jstor.org/stable/43669893\"},\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"article\",\"type\":\"article\",\"title\":\"Cultivating Food Connections: The Toronto Food Strategy and Municipal Deliberation on Food\",\"volume\":\"18\",\"issn\":\"1356-3475\",\"shorttitle\":\"Cultivating Food Connections\",\"url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1080/13563475.2013.750941\",\"doi\":\"10.1080/13563475.2013.750941\",\"abstract\":\"This paper shares an exploratory case study of the development of the Toronto Food Strategy as an urban food strategy, through the lens of public health. It asks: what is a food strategy and how does it work? We will answer these questions through an analysis and discussion of the Food Strategy development process and attention to three key mechanisms: (1) framing or directing attention to the diverse policy instruments that deal with food, (2) brokering working relationships between diverse stakeholders and across existing governance arrangements, and (3) leveraging existing resources. We also distinguish the work of the Food Strategy from the role of food policy councils in how they cultivate deliberative spaces to catalyse policy change.\",\"number\":\"1\",\"urldate\":\"2024-08-12\",\"journal\":\"International Planning Studies\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Mah\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Catherine\",\"L.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Thang\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Helen\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"month\":\"February\",\"year\":\"2013\",\"note\":\"Publisher: Routledge _eprint: https://doi.org/10.1080/13563475.2013.750941\",\"pages\":\"96–110\",\"bibtex\":\"@article{mah_cultivating_2013,\\n\\ttitle = {Cultivating {Food} {Connections}: {The} {Toronto} {Food} {Strategy} and {Municipal} {Deliberation} on {Food}},\\n\\tvolume = {18},\\n\\tissn = {1356-3475},\\n\\tshorttitle = {Cultivating {Food} {Connections}},\\n\\turl = {https://doi.org/10.1080/13563475.2013.750941},\\n\\tdoi = {10.1080/13563475.2013.750941},\\n\\tabstract = {This paper shares an exploratory case study of the development of the Toronto Food Strategy as an urban food strategy, through the lens of public health. It asks: what is a food strategy and how does it work? We will answer these questions through an analysis and discussion of the Food Strategy development process and attention to three key mechanisms: (1) framing or directing attention to the diverse policy instruments that deal with food, (2) brokering working relationships between diverse stakeholders and across existing governance arrangements, and (3) leveraging existing resources. We also distinguish the work of the Food Strategy from the role of food policy councils in how they cultivate deliberative spaces to catalyse policy change.},\\n\\tnumber = {1},\\n\\turldate = {2024-08-12},\\n\\tjournal = {International Planning Studies},\\n\\tauthor = {Mah, Catherine L. and Thang, Helen},\\n\\tmonth = feb,\\n\\tyear = {2013},\\n\\tnote = {Publisher: Routledge\\n\\\\_eprint: https://doi.org/10.1080/13563475.2013.750941},\\n\\tpages = {96--110},\\n}\\n\\n\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Mah, C. L.\",\"Thang, H.\"],\"key\":\"mah_cultivating_2013\",\"id\":\"mah_cultivating_2013\",\"bibbaseid\":\"mah-thang-cultivatingfoodconnectionsthetorontofoodstrategyandmunicipaldeliberationonfood-2013\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{\"Paper\":\"https://doi.org/10.1080/13563475.2013.750941\"},\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"book\",\"type\":\"book\",\"title\":\"Beyond Appeasement: Interpreting Interwar Peace Movements in World Politics\",\"isbn\":\"978-1-5017-2831-0\",\"shorttitle\":\"Beyond Appeasement\",\"url\":\"https://www.cornellpress.cornell.edu/book/9780801435485/beyond-appeasement/#bookTabs=1\",\"abstract\":\"The interwar peace movements were, according to conventional interpretations, naive and ineffective. More seriously, the standard histories have also held that they severely weakened national efforts to resist Nazi Germany and Stalinist Russia. Cecelia Lynch provides a long-overdue reevaluation of these movements. Throughout the work she challenges these interpretations, particularly regarding the postwar understanding of Realism, which forms the basis of core assumptions in international relations theory.The Realist account labels support for interwar peace movements as idealist. It holds that this support—largely pacifist in Britain, largely isolationist in the United States—led to overreliance on the League of Nations, appeasement, and eventually the onset of global war. Through a careful examination of both the social history of the peace movements and the diplomatic history of the interwar era, Lynch uncovers the serious contradictions as well as the systematic limitations of Realist understanding and outlines the making of the structure of the world community that would emerge from the war.Lynch focuses on the construction of the United Nations as evidence that the conventional history is incomplete as well as misleading. She brings to light the role of social movements in the formation of the normative underpinnings of the U.N., thus requiring scholars to rethink their understanding of the repercussions of the interwar experience as well as the significance of social movements for international life.\",\"language\":\"en\",\"publisher\":\"Cornell University Press\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Lynch\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Cecelia\",\"M.\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"month\":\"September\",\"year\":\"2018\",\"note\":\"Google-Books-ID: mFhuDwAAQBAJ\",\"keywords\":\"History / Modern / 20th Century / General, Political Science / History & Theory, Political Science / Peace\",\"bibtex\":\"@book{lynch_beyond_2018,\\n\\ttitle = {Beyond {Appeasement}: {Interpreting} {Interwar} {Peace} {Movements} in {World} {Politics}},\\n\\tisbn = {978-1-5017-2831-0},\\n\\tshorttitle = {Beyond {Appeasement}},\\n\\turl = {https://www.cornellpress.cornell.edu/book/9780801435485/beyond-appeasement/#bookTabs=1},\\n\\tabstract = {The interwar peace movements were, according to conventional interpretations, naive and ineffective. More seriously, the standard histories have also held that they severely weakened national efforts to resist Nazi Germany and Stalinist Russia. Cecelia Lynch provides a long-overdue reevaluation of these movements. Throughout the work she challenges these interpretations, particularly regarding the postwar understanding of Realism, which forms the basis of core assumptions in international relations theory.The Realist account labels support for interwar peace movements as idealist. It holds that this support—largely pacifist in Britain, largely isolationist in the United States—led to overreliance on the League of Nations, appeasement, and eventually the onset of global war. Through a careful examination of both the social history of the peace movements and the diplomatic history of the interwar era, Lynch uncovers the serious contradictions as well as the systematic limitations of Realist understanding and outlines the making of the structure of the world community that would emerge from the war.Lynch focuses on the construction of the United Nations as evidence that the conventional history is incomplete as well as misleading. She brings to light the role of social movements in the formation of the normative underpinnings of the U.N., thus requiring scholars to rethink their understanding of the repercussions of the interwar experience as well as the significance of social movements for international life.},\\n\\tlanguage = {en},\\n\\tpublisher = {Cornell University Press},\\n\\tauthor = {Lynch, Cecelia M.},\\n\\tmonth = sep,\\n\\tyear = {2018},\\n\\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: mFhuDwAAQBAJ},\\n\\tkeywords = {History / Modern / 20th Century / General, Political Science / History \\\\& Theory, Political Science / Peace},\\n}\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Lynch, C. M.\"],\"key\":\"lynch_beyond_2018\",\"id\":\"lynch_beyond_2018\",\"bibbaseid\":\"lynch-beyondappeasementinterpretinginterwarpeacemovementsinworldpolitics-2018\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{\"Paper\":\"https://www.cornellpress.cornell.edu/book/9780801435485/beyond-appeasement/#bookTabs=1\"},\"keyword\":[\"History / Modern / 20th Century / General\",\"Political Science / History & Theory\",\"Political Science / Peace\"],\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"book\",\"type\":\"book\",\"address\":\"Cambridge, UK\",\"title\":\"European Union and the Deconstruction of the Rhineland Frontier\",\"isbn\":\"978-0-521-88084-8\",\"url\":\"https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/european-union-and-the-deconstruction-of-the-rhineland-frontier/7C97D2C1766B8AD5ED7F741A6FCD8E91\",\"abstract\":\"The Rhineland region includes the core regional economy of western Europe, encompassing Belgium, Luxemburg and parts of the Netherlands, France, Switzerland and Germany. Throughout history there have been tensions between this region's roles as a frontier and as western Europe's economic core. Michael Loriaux argues that the European Union arose from efforts to deconstruct this frontier. He traces Rhineland geopolitics back to its first emergence, restoring frontier deconstruction to the forefront of discussion about the EU. He recounts how place names were manipulated to legitimate political power and shows how this manipulation generated the geopolitics that the EU now tries to undo. Loriaux also argues that the importance of this issue has significantly affected the nature of the EU's development and helps condition a festering legitimation crisis.\",\"urldate\":\"2024-08-12\",\"publisher\":\"Cambridge University Press\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Loriaux\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Michael\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"year\":\"2008\",\"doi\":\"10.1017/CBO9780511720550\",\"bibtex\":\"@book{loriaux_european_2008,\\n\\taddress = {Cambridge, UK},\\n\\ttitle = {European {Union} and the {Deconstruction} of the {Rhineland} {Frontier}},\\n\\tisbn = {978-0-521-88084-8},\\n\\turl = {https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/european-union-and-the-deconstruction-of-the-rhineland-frontier/7C97D2C1766B8AD5ED7F741A6FCD8E91},\\n\\tabstract = {The Rhineland region includes the core regional economy of western Europe, encompassing Belgium, Luxemburg and parts of the Netherlands, France, Switzerland and Germany. Throughout history there have been tensions between this region's roles as a frontier and as western Europe's economic core. Michael Loriaux argues that the European Union arose from efforts to deconstruct this frontier. He traces Rhineland geopolitics back to its first emergence, restoring frontier deconstruction to the forefront of discussion about the EU. He recounts how place names were manipulated to legitimate political power and shows how this manipulation generated the geopolitics that the EU now tries to undo. Loriaux also argues that the importance of this issue has significantly affected the nature of the EU's development and helps condition a festering legitimation crisis.},\\n\\turldate = {2024-08-12},\\n\\tpublisher = {Cambridge University Press},\\n\\tauthor = {Loriaux, Michael},\\n\\tyear = {2008},\\n\\tdoi = {10.1017/CBO9780511720550},\\n}\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Loriaux, M.\"],\"key\":\"loriaux_european_2008\",\"id\":\"loriaux_european_2008\",\"bibbaseid\":\"loriaux-europeanunionandthedeconstructionoftherhinelandfrontier-2008\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{\"Paper\":\"https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/european-union-and-the-deconstruction-of-the-rhineland-frontier/7C97D2C1766B8AD5ED7F741A6FCD8E91\"},\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"book\",\"type\":\"book\",\"address\":\"Cambridge\",\"series\":\"Problems of International Politics\",\"title\":\"The Politics of Borders: Sovereignty, Security, and the Citizen after 9/11\",\"isbn\":\"978-1-107-17178-7\",\"shorttitle\":\"The Politics of Borders\",\"url\":\"https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/politics-of-borders/C5FC44039DE284A9FC438F55048B27F1\",\"abstract\":\"Borders sit at the center of global politics. Yet they are too often understood as thin lines, as they appear on maps, rather than as political institutions in their own right. This book takes a detailed look at the evolution of border security in the United States after 9/11. Far from the walls and fences that dominate the news, it reveals borders to be thick, multi-faceted and binational institutions that have evolved greatly in recent decades. The book contributes to debates within political science on sovereignty, citizenship, cosmopolitanism, human rights and global justice. In particular, the new politics of borders reveal a sovereignty that is not waning, but changing, expanding beyond the state carapace and engaging certain logics of empire.\",\"urldate\":\"2024-08-12\",\"publisher\":\"Cambridge University Press\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Longo\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Matthew\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"year\":\"2017\",\"doi\":\"10.1017/9781316761663\",\"bibtex\":\"@book{longo_politics_2017,\\n\\taddress = {Cambridge},\\n\\tseries = {Problems of {International} {Politics}},\\n\\ttitle = {The {Politics} of {Borders}: {Sovereignty}, {Security}, and the {Citizen} after 9/11},\\n\\tisbn = {978-1-107-17178-7},\\n\\tshorttitle = {The {Politics} of {Borders}},\\n\\turl = {https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/politics-of-borders/C5FC44039DE284A9FC438F55048B27F1},\\n\\tabstract = {Borders sit at the center of global politics. Yet they are too often understood as thin lines, as they appear on maps, rather than as political institutions in their own right. This book takes a detailed look at the evolution of border security in the United States after 9/11. Far from the walls and fences that dominate the news, it reveals borders to be thick, multi-faceted and binational institutions that have evolved greatly in recent decades. The book contributes to debates within political science on sovereignty, citizenship, cosmopolitanism, human rights and global justice. In particular, the new politics of borders reveal a sovereignty that is not waning, but changing, expanding beyond the state carapace and engaging certain logics of empire.},\\n\\turldate = {2024-08-12},\\n\\tpublisher = {Cambridge University Press},\\n\\tauthor = {Longo, Matthew},\\n\\tyear = {2017},\\n\\tdoi = {10.1017/9781316761663},\\n}\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Longo, M.\"],\"key\":\"longo_politics_2017\",\"id\":\"longo_politics_2017\",\"bibbaseid\":\"longo-thepoliticsofborderssovereigntysecurityandthecitizenafter911-2017\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{\"Paper\":\"https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/politics-of-borders/C5FC44039DE284A9FC438F55048B27F1\"},\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"article\",\"type\":\"article\",\"title\":\"Global IWRM Ideas and Local Context: Studying Narratives in Rural Cambodia\",\"volume\":\"10\",\"copyright\":\"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/\",\"issn\":\"2073-4441\",\"shorttitle\":\"Global IWRM Ideas and Local Context\",\"url\":\"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/10/11/1643\",\"doi\":\"10.3390/w10111643\",\"abstract\":\"This article investigates how the “constructivist turn” in public policy and international political economy informs the interaction of global ideas and local practice in water governance. We use the implementation of ideas associated with Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM) in the Lower Mekong river basin. This article provides some explanation of the attitudes in the villages in Cambodia due to the Sesan 2 Dam, which would see the relocation of thousands of people, damage fisheries, and inflict high coping costs on villagers. Based on 24 in-depth interviews with villagers, commune heads and local community leaders, we find diverse narratives which transcend the “pro or anti” dam narrative. We find four narrative types—myths, stories, noise and informed opinion, which relate to each other in degrees of social meaning and ideational force. Of these, the first two are more likely to be useful in terms of mobilization and policy-making. This typology provides a framework for analysis of social change in the studied villages and other contexts of policy translation. We should state that these four types are not separate from each other but are linked along two axis which together conscribe the four types of narratives outlined.\",\"language\":\"en\",\"number\":\"11\",\"urldate\":\"2024-08-12\",\"journal\":\"Water\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Leong\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Ching\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Mukhtarov\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Farhad\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"month\":\"November\",\"year\":\"2018\",\"note\":\"Number: 11 Publisher: Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute\",\"keywords\":\"Cambodia, dam, environmental narratives, lived experiences, local communities\",\"pages\":\"1643\",\"bibtex\":\"@article{leong_global_2018,\\n\\ttitle = {Global {IWRM} {Ideas} and {Local} {Context}: {Studying} {Narratives} in {Rural} {Cambodia}},\\n\\tvolume = {10},\\n\\tcopyright = {http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/},\\n\\tissn = {2073-4441},\\n\\tshorttitle = {Global {IWRM} {Ideas} and {Local} {Context}},\\n\\turl = {https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/10/11/1643},\\n\\tdoi = {10.3390/w10111643},\\n\\tabstract = {This article investigates how the “constructivist turn” in public policy and international political economy informs the interaction of global ideas and local practice in water governance. We use the implementation of ideas associated with Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM) in the Lower Mekong river basin. This article provides some explanation of the attitudes in the villages in Cambodia due to the Sesan 2 Dam, which would see the relocation of thousands of people, damage fisheries, and inflict high coping costs on villagers. Based on 24 in-depth interviews with villagers, commune heads and local community leaders, we find diverse narratives which transcend the “pro or anti” dam narrative. We find four narrative types—myths, stories, noise and informed opinion, which relate to each other in degrees of social meaning and ideational force. Of these, the first two are more likely to be useful in terms of mobilization and policy-making. This typology provides a framework for analysis of social change in the studied villages and other contexts of policy translation. We should state that these four types are not separate from each other but are linked along two axis which together conscribe the four types of narratives outlined.},\\n\\tlanguage = {en},\\n\\tnumber = {11},\\n\\turldate = {2024-08-12},\\n\\tjournal = {Water},\\n\\tauthor = {Leong, Ching and Mukhtarov, Farhad},\\n\\tmonth = nov,\\n\\tyear = {2018},\\n\\tnote = {Number: 11\\nPublisher: Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute},\\n\\tkeywords = {Cambodia, dam, environmental narratives, lived experiences, local communities},\\n\\tpages = {1643},\\n}\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Leong, C.\",\"Mukhtarov, F.\"],\"key\":\"leong_global_2018\",\"id\":\"leong_global_2018\",\"bibbaseid\":\"leong-mukhtarov-globaliwrmideasandlocalcontextstudyingnarrativesinruralcambodia-2018\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{\"Paper\":\"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/10/11/1643\"},\"keyword\":[\"Cambodia\",\"dam\",\"environmental narratives\",\"lived experiences\",\"local communities\"],\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"article\",\"type\":\"article\",\"title\":\"Green infrastructure and planning policy: a critical assessment\",\"volume\":\"20\",\"issn\":\"1354-9839\",\"shorttitle\":\"Green infrastructure and planning policy\",\"url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1080/13549839.2014.880411\",\"doi\":\"10.1080/13549839.2014.880411\",\"abstract\":\"Advocates of the green infrastructure (GI) concept claim it offers a progressive planning approach that facilitates synergies between economic growth, environmental conservation and social development. Although widely endorsed by both planning practitioners and academics, little academic literature exists critically evaluating what GI entails or the potential implications of its institutionalisation within planning practice. This paper addresses this deficit by critically examining the interpretation and representation of the GI concept in planning policy. The paper first critically analyses international interpretations of GI. Following this, the particular attributes of GI's interpretation in the Republic of Ireland are investigated. The paper demonstrates how the emergence of GI in Ireland relates to broader debates on attempts to reconcile environmental concerns with development aspirations in planning policy. It is deduced that GI may represent an approach to planning policy formulation wherein habitat conservation initiatives are primarily designed and justified relative to the ecosystems services they are seen to provide to society. The paper also cautions against the risks posed by confining GI debates to the deliberations of technical specialist. The paper concludes by identifying some issues that may arise in the implementation of a GI approach and suggests ways to enhance the potential benefit of the concept's use in spatial planning.\",\"number\":\"8\",\"urldate\":\"2024-08-12\",\"journal\":\"Local Environment\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Lennon\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Mick\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"month\":\"August\",\"year\":\"2015\",\"note\":\"Publisher: Routledge _eprint: https://doi.org/10.1080/13549839.2014.880411\",\"keywords\":\"Ireland, green infrastructure, planning, sustainability\",\"pages\":\"957–980\",\"bibtex\":\"@article{lennon_green_2015,\\n\\ttitle = {Green infrastructure and planning policy: a critical assessment},\\n\\tvolume = {20},\\n\\tissn = {1354-9839},\\n\\tshorttitle = {Green infrastructure and planning policy},\\n\\turl = {https://doi.org/10.1080/13549839.2014.880411},\\n\\tdoi = {10.1080/13549839.2014.880411},\\n\\tabstract = {Advocates of the green infrastructure (GI) concept claim it offers a progressive planning approach that facilitates synergies between economic growth, environmental conservation and social development. Although widely endorsed by both planning practitioners and academics, little academic literature exists critically evaluating what GI entails or the potential implications of its institutionalisation within planning practice. This paper addresses this deficit by critically examining the interpretation and representation of the GI concept in planning policy. The paper first critically analyses international interpretations of GI. Following this, the particular attributes of GI's interpretation in the Republic of Ireland are investigated. The paper demonstrates how the emergence of GI in Ireland relates to broader debates on attempts to reconcile environmental concerns with development aspirations in planning policy. It is deduced that GI may represent an approach to planning policy formulation wherein habitat conservation initiatives are primarily designed and justified relative to the ecosystems services they are seen to provide to society. The paper also cautions against the risks posed by confining GI debates to the deliberations of technical specialist. The paper concludes by identifying some issues that may arise in the implementation of a GI approach and suggests ways to enhance the potential benefit of the concept's use in spatial planning.},\\n\\tnumber = {8},\\n\\turldate = {2024-08-12},\\n\\tjournal = {Local Environment},\\n\\tauthor = {Lennon, Mick},\\n\\tmonth = aug,\\n\\tyear = {2015},\\n\\tnote = {Publisher: Routledge\\n\\\\_eprint: https://doi.org/10.1080/13549839.2014.880411},\\n\\tkeywords = {Ireland, green infrastructure, planning, sustainability},\\n\\tpages = {957--980},\\n}\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Lennon, M.\"],\"key\":\"lennon_green_2015\",\"id\":\"lennon_green_2015\",\"bibbaseid\":\"lennon-greeninfrastructureandplanningpolicyacriticalassessment-2015\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{\"Paper\":\"https://doi.org/10.1080/13549839.2014.880411\"},\"keyword\":[\"Ireland\",\"green infrastructure\",\"planning\",\"sustainability\"],\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"article\",\"type\":\"article\",\"title\":\"When Policy Hits the Ground. An Empirical Study of the Communication Practices of Project Managers of a Water Board in Conversations for Collaborative Governance\",\"volume\":\"23\",\"copyright\":\"Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment\",\"issn\":\"1756-9338\",\"url\":\"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/eet.1618\",\"doi\":\"10.1002/eet.1618\",\"abstract\":\"Civil servants organize collaborations with private actors with the aim of developing policy outcomes that fit environmental policy frameworks, shaping the course and outcome of collaborations through their communication practices. To investigate these practices and their effect, we conducted a case study, shadowing project managers from a Dutch water board. We identified two distinct communication practices: frame incorporation and frame amplification. These practices respectively expanded or narrowed a process of collaborative governance, either purposefully by building social capital or unintentionally by distancing the conversation partner and his concern. The structural difference between these practices suggests that civil servants lack shared practices that foster collaboration. Interestingly, in neither practice do the civil servants discursively acknowledge their dependence on their conversation partner's support, and thus they deny that they are participating in a negotiation process: they claim that their conversation partner should cooperate. In effect, their conversation partners bypass the incorporation and amplification practices. The research suggests that, of the two practices identified, only incorporation builds the social capital that enables civil servants to switch to another approach in future interactions and start an integrative negotiation on problems and solutions. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment\",\"language\":\"en\",\"number\":\"4\",\"urldate\":\"2024-08-12\",\"journal\":\"Environmental Policy and Governance\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Lems\"],\"firstnames\":[\"P.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Aarts\"],\"firstnames\":[\"N.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[\"van\"],\"lastnames\":[\"Woerkum\"],\"firstnames\":[\"C.\",\"M.\",\"J.\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"year\":\"2013\",\"note\":\"_eprint: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/eet.1618\",\"keywords\":\"collaborative governance, communication practice, framing, interaction strategies, public policy-making\",\"pages\":\"234–246\",\"bibtex\":\"@article{lems_when_2013,\\n\\ttitle = {When {Policy} {Hits} the {Ground}. {An} {Empirical} {Study} of the {Communication} {Practices} of {Project} {Managers} of a {Water} {Board} in {Conversations} for {Collaborative} {Governance}},\\n\\tvolume = {23},\\n\\tcopyright = {Copyright © 2013 John Wiley \\\\& Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment},\\n\\tissn = {1756-9338},\\n\\turl = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/eet.1618},\\n\\tdoi = {10.1002/eet.1618},\\n\\tabstract = {Civil servants organize collaborations with private actors with the aim of developing policy outcomes that fit environmental policy frameworks, shaping the course and outcome of collaborations through their communication practices. To investigate these practices and their effect, we conducted a case study, shadowing project managers from a Dutch water board. We identified two distinct communication practices: frame incorporation and frame amplification. These practices respectively expanded or narrowed a process of collaborative governance, either purposefully by building social capital or unintentionally by distancing the conversation partner and his concern. The structural difference between these practices suggests that civil servants lack shared practices that foster collaboration. Interestingly, in neither practice do the civil servants discursively acknowledge their dependence on their conversation partner's support, and thus they deny that they are participating in a negotiation process: they claim that their conversation partner should cooperate. In effect, their conversation partners bypass the incorporation and amplification practices. The research suggests that, of the two practices identified, only incorporation builds the social capital that enables civil servants to switch to another approach in future interactions and start an integrative negotiation on problems and solutions. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley \\\\& Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment},\\n\\tlanguage = {en},\\n\\tnumber = {4},\\n\\turldate = {2024-08-12},\\n\\tjournal = {Environmental Policy and Governance},\\n\\tauthor = {Lems, P. and Aarts, N. and van Woerkum, C. M. J.},\\n\\tyear = {2013},\\n\\tnote = {\\\\_eprint: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/eet.1618},\\n\\tkeywords = {collaborative governance, communication practice, framing, interaction strategies, public policy-making},\\n\\tpages = {234--246},\\n}\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Lems, P.\",\"Aarts, N.\",\"van Woerkum, C. M. J.\"],\"key\":\"lems_when_2013\",\"id\":\"lems_when_2013\",\"bibbaseid\":\"lems-aarts-vanwoerkum-whenpolicyhitsthegroundanempiricalstudyofthecommunicationpracticesofprojectmanagersofawaterboardinconversationsforcollaborativegovernance-2013\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{\"Paper\":\"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/eet.1618\"},\"keyword\":[\"collaborative governance\",\"communication practice\",\"framing\",\"interaction strategies\",\"public policy-making\"],\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"article\",\"type\":\"article\",\"title\":\"A Hermeneutic Approach to Explaining and Understanding Public Controversies\",\"volume\":\"22\",\"issn\":\"1053-1858\",\"url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1093/jopart/mus001\",\"doi\":\"10.1093/jopart/mus001\",\"abstract\":\"Notwithstanding the growing use of interpretive analysis in public administration and policy research, its fullest potential for evaluating intractable public conflict has yet to be tapped. We develop a mode of narrative analysis, partly based upon Paul Ricoeur's hermeneutics, that shows promise for analyzing public disputes. We illustrate this with a case study in Los Angeles involving a contentious proposal to inject recycled wastewater into the city’s water supply. The analysis reveals that, by representing opposing interests with a simplistic narrative, the water industry’s response has been superfluous. The latter assumes that impasse simply results from the public’s lack of information, the logical response being an information dissemination campaign. We employ a hermeneutic approach to reveal a set of persistent issues that project proponents have hitherto failed to address. By respecting the inherent plurivocity and intertextuality of narrative, hermeneutics provides new inroads into controversial public issues. We close the discussion with implications for practice.\",\"number\":\"4\",\"urldate\":\"2024-08-12\",\"journal\":\"Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Lejano\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Raul\",\"P.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Leong\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Ching\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"month\":\"October\",\"year\":\"2012\",\"pages\":\"793–814\",\"bibtex\":\"@article{lejano_hermeneutic_2012,\\n\\ttitle = {A {Hermeneutic} {Approach} to {Explaining} and {Understanding} {Public} {Controversies}},\\n\\tvolume = {22},\\n\\tissn = {1053-1858},\\n\\turl = {https://doi.org/10.1093/jopart/mus001},\\n\\tdoi = {10.1093/jopart/mus001},\\n\\tabstract = {Notwithstanding the growing use of interpretive analysis in public administration and policy research, its fullest potential for evaluating intractable public conflict has yet to be tapped. We develop a mode of narrative analysis, partly based upon Paul Ricoeur's hermeneutics, that shows promise for analyzing public disputes. We illustrate this with a case study in Los Angeles involving a contentious proposal to inject recycled wastewater into the city’s water supply. The analysis reveals that, by representing opposing interests with a simplistic narrative, the water industry’s response has been superfluous. The latter assumes that impasse simply results from the public’s lack of information, the logical response being an information dissemination campaign. We employ a hermeneutic approach to reveal a set of persistent issues that project proponents have hitherto failed to address. By respecting the inherent plurivocity and intertextuality of narrative, hermeneutics provides new inroads into controversial public issues. We close the discussion with implications for practice.},\\n\\tnumber = {4},\\n\\turldate = {2024-08-12},\\n\\tjournal = {Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory},\\n\\tauthor = {Lejano, Raul P. and Leong, Ching},\\n\\tmonth = oct,\\n\\tyear = {2012},\\n\\tpages = {793--814},\\n}\\n\\n\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Lejano, R. P.\",\"Leong, C.\"],\"key\":\"lejano_hermeneutic_2012\",\"id\":\"lejano_hermeneutic_2012\",\"bibbaseid\":\"lejano-leong-ahermeneuticapproachtoexplainingandunderstandingpubliccontroversies-2012\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{\"Paper\":\"https://doi.org/10.1093/jopart/mus001\"},\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"downloads\":0,\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"book\",\"type\":\"book\",\"address\":\"Cambridge, UK\",\"title\":\"The Power of Narrative in Environmental Networks\",\"isbn\":\"978-0-262-01937-8\",\"url\":\"https://doi.org/10.7551/mitpress/9780262019378.001.0001\",\"abstract\":\"For as long has humans have lived in communities, storytelling has bound people to each other and to their environments. In recent times, scholars have noted how social networks arise around issues of resource and ecological management. This book argues that stories, or narratives, play a key role in these networks—that environmental communities “narrate themselves into existence.” The book proposes the notion of the narrative-network, and introduces innovative tools to analyze the plots, characters, and events that inform environmental action. This analysis sheds light on how environmental networks can emerge in unlikely contexts and sustain themselves against great odds. The book presents three case studies that demonstrate the power of narrative and narratology in the analysis of environmental networks: a conservation network in the Sonoran Desert, which achieved some success despite U.S.–Mexico border issues; a narrative that bridged differences between community and scientists in the Turtle Islands; and networks of researchers and farmers who collaborated to develop and sustain alternative agriculture practice in the face of government inaction. These cases demonstrate that by paying attention to language and storytelling, we can improve our understanding of environmental behavior and even change it in positive ways.\",\"urldate\":\"2024-12-08\",\"publisher\":\"The MIT Press\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Lejano\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Raul\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Ingram\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Mrill\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Ingram\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Helen\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"month\":\"August\",\"year\":\"2013\",\"doi\":\"10.7551/mitpress/9780262019378.001.0001\",\"bibtex\":\"@book{lejano_power_2013,\\n\\taddress = {Cambridge, UK},\\n\\ttitle = {The {Power} of {Narrative} in {Environmental} {Networks}},\\n\\tisbn = {978-0-262-01937-8},\\n\\turl = {https://doi.org/10.7551/mitpress/9780262019378.001.0001},\\n\\tabstract = {For as long has humans have lived in communities, storytelling has bound people to each other and to their environments. In recent times, scholars have noted how social networks arise around issues of resource and ecological management. This book argues that stories, or narratives, play a key role in these networks—that environmental communities “narrate themselves into existence.” The book proposes the notion of the narrative-network, and introduces innovative tools to analyze the plots, characters, and events that inform environmental action. This analysis sheds light on how environmental networks can emerge in unlikely contexts and sustain themselves against great odds. The book presents three case studies that demonstrate the power of narrative and narratology in the analysis of environmental networks: a conservation network in the Sonoran Desert, which achieved some success despite U.S.–Mexico border issues; a narrative that bridged differences between community and scientists in the Turtle Islands; and networks of researchers and farmers who collaborated to develop and sustain alternative agriculture practice in the face of government inaction. These cases demonstrate that by paying attention to language and storytelling, we can improve our understanding of environmental behavior and even change it in positive ways.},\\n\\turldate = {2024-12-08},\\n\\tpublisher = {The MIT Press},\\n\\tauthor = {Lejano, Raul and Ingram, Mrill and Ingram, Helen},\\n\\tmonth = aug,\\n\\tyear = {2013},\\n\\tdoi = {10.7551/mitpress/9780262019378.001.0001},\\n}\\n\\n\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Lejano, R.\",\"Ingram, M.\",\"Ingram, H.\"],\"key\":\"lejano_power_2013\",\"id\":\"lejano_power_2013\",\"bibbaseid\":\"lejano-ingram-ingram-thepowerofnarrativeinenvironmentalnetworks-2013\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{\"Paper\":\"https://doi.org/10.7551/mitpress/9780262019378.001.0001\"},\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"article\",\"type\":\"article\",\"title\":\"Practicality by judgement: transnational interpreters of local ownership in the Polish-Ukrainian border reform encounter\",\"volume\":\"17\",\"issn\":\"1581-1980\",\"shorttitle\":\"Practicality by judgement\",\"url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1057/jird.2013.15\",\"doi\":\"10.1057/jird.2013.15\",\"abstract\":\"Local ownership has become a central norm of international statebuilding while its practice is seen as failure. This is explained either as an instance of organised hypocrisy where the norm is de facto circumvented or, in a critical vein, as a hegemonic projection of the neoliberal system of governance which by default erases local agency. Practitioners of statebuilding are seen as agents of moulding; social engineers in the policy discourse or conduits of the discursive structure from which they derive their ‘professional reflex’ and authority in the critical discourse. This article suggests that both designations misdiagnose the problem of action as being ‘caused’ by either norm transfer, or by norms being ‘ingrained’ in professional practices. It adopts a micro-perspective on the practice of embedded experts in a series of EU-sponsored projects to offer a contextual account of an on-the-ground interaction. The encounter between Polish and Ukrainian border guards highlights differential power relations and demonstrates the rich texture of the semantic field of ‘local ownership’. The case nuances arguments about tacit institutional reproduction in transnational settings and the automaticity of norm diffusion among security professionals to illustrate instead a contingent role of ‘practicality by judgement’ in their action.\",\"language\":\"en\",\"number\":\"4\",\"urldate\":\"2024-08-12\",\"journal\":\"Journal of International Relations and Development\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Kurowska\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Xymena\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"month\":\"October\",\"year\":\"2014\",\"keywords\":\"border reform, international statebuilding, local ownership, norm, practicality, practice\",\"pages\":\"545–565\",\"bibtex\":\"@article{kurowska_practicality_2014,\\n\\ttitle = {Practicality by judgement: transnational interpreters of local ownership in the {Polish}-{Ukrainian} border reform encounter},\\n\\tvolume = {17},\\n\\tissn = {1581-1980},\\n\\tshorttitle = {Practicality by judgement},\\n\\turl = {https://doi.org/10.1057/jird.2013.15},\\n\\tdoi = {10.1057/jird.2013.15},\\n\\tabstract = {Local ownership has become a central norm of international statebuilding while its practice is seen as failure. This is explained either as an instance of organised hypocrisy where the norm is de facto circumvented or, in a critical vein, as a hegemonic projection of the neoliberal system of governance which by default erases local agency. Practitioners of statebuilding are seen as agents of moulding; social engineers in the policy discourse or conduits of the discursive structure from which they derive their ‘professional reflex’ and authority in the critical discourse. This article suggests that both designations misdiagnose the problem of action as being ‘caused’ by either norm transfer, or by norms being ‘ingrained’ in professional practices. It adopts a micro-perspective on the practice of embedded experts in a series of EU-sponsored projects to offer a contextual account of an on-the-ground interaction. The encounter between Polish and Ukrainian border guards highlights differential power relations and demonstrates the rich texture of the semantic field of ‘local ownership’. The case nuances arguments about tacit institutional reproduction in transnational settings and the automaticity of norm diffusion among security professionals to illustrate instead a contingent role of ‘practicality by judgement’ in their action.},\\n\\tlanguage = {en},\\n\\tnumber = {4},\\n\\turldate = {2024-08-12},\\n\\tjournal = {Journal of International Relations and Development},\\n\\tauthor = {Kurowska, Xymena},\\n\\tmonth = oct,\\n\\tyear = {2014},\\n\\tkeywords = {border reform, international statebuilding, local ownership, norm, practicality, practice},\\n\\tpages = {545--565},\\n}\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Kurowska, X.\"],\"key\":\"kurowska_practicality_2014\",\"id\":\"kurowska_practicality_2014\",\"bibbaseid\":\"kurowska-practicalitybyjudgementtransnationalinterpretersoflocalownershipinthepolishukrainianborderreformencounter-2014\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{\"Paper\":\"https://doi.org/10.1057/jird.2013.15\"},\"keyword\":[\"border reform\",\"international statebuilding\",\"local ownership\",\"norm\",\"practicality\",\"practice\"],\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"article\",\"type\":\"article\",\"title\":\"Multipolarity as resistance to liberal norms: Russia's position on responsibility to protect\",\"volume\":\"14\",\"issn\":\"1467-8802\",\"shorttitle\":\"Multipolarity as resistance to liberal norms\",\"url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1080/14678802.2014.930589\",\"doi\":\"10.1080/14678802.2014.930589\",\"abstract\":\"In Western analysis, Russia's insistence on the supremacy of international law serves as little more than a strategy to sustain parity with the West. The Kremlin's justification of its use of responsibility to protect is seen as an abuse of humanitarian language and a smokescreen in the pursuit of geopolitical interests. Formulated from within the liberal paradigm, such interpretations underestimate the normative saturation of strategic action. This article examines Russia's discourse of multipolarity not as being purely strategic—as is widely held—but rather as a form of resistance to the perceived liberal hegemony of the West. The effects of such resistance resemble the outcomes of strategic manoeuvring but they should not be reduced to such. Bolstered by a sense of betrayal by the West, Russia's evolving discourse of multipolarity provides an alternative vision of the world order that contests the imposition of liberal values and bestows upon the authorities an actual responsibility to contain the West's dominance. Both Russia's interpretation of responsibility to protect and its position in the debate arise from this agenda.\",\"number\":\"4\",\"urldate\":\"2024-08-12\",\"journal\":\"Conflict, Security & Development\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Kurowska\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Xymena\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"month\":\"August\",\"year\":\"2014\",\"note\":\"Publisher: Routledge _eprint: https://doi.org/10.1080/14678802.2014.930589\",\"pages\":\"489–508\",\"bibtex\":\"@article{kurowska_multipolarity_2014,\\n\\ttitle = {Multipolarity as resistance to liberal norms: {Russia}'s position on responsibility to protect},\\n\\tvolume = {14},\\n\\tissn = {1467-8802},\\n\\tshorttitle = {Multipolarity as resistance to liberal norms},\\n\\turl = {https://doi.org/10.1080/14678802.2014.930589},\\n\\tdoi = {10.1080/14678802.2014.930589},\\n\\tabstract = {In Western analysis, Russia's insistence on the supremacy of international law serves as little more than a strategy to sustain parity with the West. The Kremlin's justification of its use of responsibility to protect is seen as an abuse of humanitarian language and a smokescreen in the pursuit of geopolitical interests. Formulated from within the liberal paradigm, such interpretations underestimate the normative saturation of strategic action. This article examines Russia's discourse of multipolarity not as being purely strategic—as is widely held—but rather as a form of resistance to the perceived liberal hegemony of the West. The effects of such resistance resemble the outcomes of strategic manoeuvring but they should not be reduced to such. Bolstered by a sense of betrayal by the West, Russia's evolving discourse of multipolarity provides an alternative vision of the world order that contests the imposition of liberal values and bestows upon the authorities an actual responsibility to contain the West's dominance. Both Russia's interpretation of responsibility to protect and its position in the debate arise from this agenda.},\\n\\tnumber = {4},\\n\\turldate = {2024-08-12},\\n\\tjournal = {Conflict, Security \\\\& Development},\\n\\tauthor = {Kurowska, Xymena},\\n\\tmonth = aug,\\n\\tyear = {2014},\\n\\tnote = {Publisher: Routledge\\n\\\\_eprint: https://doi.org/10.1080/14678802.2014.930589},\\n\\tpages = {489--508},\\n}\\n\\n\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Kurowska, X.\"],\"key\":\"kurowska_multipolarity_2014\",\"id\":\"kurowska_multipolarity_2014\",\"bibbaseid\":\"kurowska-multipolarityasresistancetoliberalnormsrussiaspositiononresponsibilitytoprotect-2014\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{\"Paper\":\"https://doi.org/10.1080/14678802.2014.930589\"},\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"article\",\"type\":\"article\",\"title\":\"What Does it Mean to Be a Kin Majority? Analyzing Romanian Identity in Moldova and Russian Identity in Crimea from Below\",\"volume\":\"96\",\"issn\":\"0038-4941\",\"shorttitle\":\"What Does it Mean to Be a Kin Majority?\",\"url\":\"https://www.jstor.org/stable/26634192\",\"abstract\":\"Objectives. This article investigates what kin identification means from a bottom-up perspective in two kin majority cases: Moldova and Crimea. Methods. The article is based on ∼50 fieldwork interviews conducted in both Moldova and Crimea with everyday social actors (2012–2013). Results. Ethnic homogeneity for kin majorities is more fractured that previously considered. Respondents identified more in terms of assemblages of ethnic, cultural, political, linguistic, and territorial identities than in mutually exclusive census categories. Conclusions. To understand fully the relations between kin majorities, their kin-state and home-state and the impact of growing kin engagement policies, like dual citizenship, it is necessary to analyze the complexities of the lived experience of kin identification for members of kin majorities and how this relates to kin-state identification and affiliation. Understanding these complexities helps to have a more nuanced understanding of the role of ethnicity in post-Communist societies, in terms of kin-state and intrastate relations.\",\"number\":\"3\",\"urldate\":\"2024-08-12\",\"journal\":\"Social Science Quarterly\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Knott\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Eleanor\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"year\":\"2015\",\"note\":\"Publisher: [University of Texas Press, Wiley]\",\"pages\":\"830–859\",\"bibtex\":\"@article{knott_what_2015,\\n\\ttitle = {What {Does} it {Mean} to {Be} a {Kin} {Majority}? {Analyzing} {Romanian} {Identity} in {Moldova} and {Russian} {Identity} in {Crimea} from {Below}},\\n\\tvolume = {96},\\n\\tissn = {0038-4941},\\n\\tshorttitle = {What {Does} it {Mean} to {Be} a {Kin} {Majority}?},\\n\\turl = {https://www.jstor.org/stable/26634192},\\n\\tabstract = {Objectives. This article investigates what kin identification means from a bottom-up perspective in two kin majority cases: Moldova and Crimea. Methods. The article is based on ∼50 fieldwork interviews conducted in both Moldova and Crimea with everyday social actors (2012–2013). Results. Ethnic homogeneity for kin majorities is more fractured that previously considered. Respondents identified more in terms of assemblages of ethnic, cultural, political, linguistic, and territorial identities than in mutually exclusive census categories. Conclusions. To understand fully the relations between kin majorities, their kin-state and home-state and the impact of growing kin engagement policies, like dual citizenship, it is necessary to analyze the complexities of the lived experience of kin identification for members of kin majorities and how this relates to kin-state identification and affiliation. Understanding these complexities helps to have a more nuanced understanding of the role of ethnicity in post-Communist societies, in terms of kin-state and intrastate relations.},\\n\\tnumber = {3},\\n\\turldate = {2024-08-12},\\n\\tjournal = {Social Science Quarterly},\\n\\tauthor = {Knott, Eleanor},\\n\\tyear = {2015},\\n\\tnote = {Publisher: [University of Texas Press, Wiley]},\\n\\tpages = {830--859},\\n}\\n\\n\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Knott, E.\"],\"key\":\"knott_what_2015\",\"id\":\"knott_what_2015\",\"bibbaseid\":\"knott-whatdoesitmeantobeakinmajorityanalyzingromanianidentityinmoldovaandrussianidentityincrimeafrombelow-2015\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{\"Paper\":\"https://www.jstor.org/stable/26634192\"},\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"book\",\"type\":\"book\",\"address\":\"New Brunswick, NJ\",\"title\":\"Shadow Bodies: Black Women, Ideology, Representation, and Politics\",\"isbn\":\"978-0-8135-9341-8\",\"shorttitle\":\"Shadow Bodies\",\"url\":\"https://www.rutgersuniversitypress.org/shadow-bodies/9780813593395/\",\"abstract\":\"What does it mean for Black women to organize in a political context that has generally ignored them or been unresponsive although Black women have shown themselves an important voting bloc? How for example, does #sayhername translate into a political agenda that manifests itself in specific policies? Shadow Bodies focuses on the positionality of the Black woman’s body, which serves as a springboard for helping us think through political and cultural representations. It does so by asking: How do discursive practices, both speech and silences, support and maintain hegemonic understandings of Black womanhood thereby rendering some Black women as shadow bodies, unseen and unremarked upon? Grounded in Black feminist thought, Julia S. Jordan-Zachery looks at the functioning of scripts ascribed to Black women’s bodies in the framing of HIV/AIDS, domestic abuse, and mental illness and how such functioning renders some bodies invisible in Black politics in general and Black women’s politics specifically.\",\"language\":\"en\",\"publisher\":\"Rutgers University Press\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Jordan-Zachery\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Julia\",\"S.\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"month\":\"October\",\"year\":\"2017\",\"note\":\"Google-Books-ID: YwovDwAAQBAJ\",\"keywords\":\"Political Science / Civil Rights, Social Science / Black Studies (Global), Social Science / Ethnic Studies / American / African American & Black Studies, Social Science / Feminism & Feminist Theory, Social Science / General, Social Science / Media Studies, Social Science / Sociology / Social Theory, Social Science / Women's Studies\",\"bibtex\":\"@book{jordan-zachery_shadow_2017,\\n\\taddress = {New Brunswick, NJ},\\n\\ttitle = {Shadow {Bodies}: {Black} {Women}, {Ideology}, {Representation}, and {Politics}},\\n\\tisbn = {978-0-8135-9341-8},\\n\\tshorttitle = {Shadow {Bodies}},\\n\\turl = {https://www.rutgersuniversitypress.org/shadow-bodies/9780813593395/},\\n\\tabstract = {What does it mean for Black women to organize in a political context that has generally ignored them or been unresponsive although Black women have shown themselves an important voting bloc? How for example, does \\\\#sayhername translate into a political agenda that manifests itself in specific policies? Shadow Bodies focuses on the positionality of the Black woman’s body, which serves as a springboard for helping us think through political and cultural representations. It does so by asking: How do discursive practices, both speech and silences, support and maintain hegemonic understandings of Black womanhood thereby rendering some Black women as shadow bodies, unseen and unremarked upon?   Grounded in Black feminist thought, Julia S. Jordan-Zachery looks at the functioning of scripts ascribed to Black women’s bodies in the framing of HIV/AIDS, domestic abuse, and mental illness and how such functioning renders some bodies invisible in Black politics in general and Black women’s politics specifically.},\\n\\tlanguage = {en},\\n\\tpublisher = {Rutgers University Press},\\n\\tauthor = {Jordan-Zachery, Julia S.},\\n\\tmonth = oct,\\n\\tyear = {2017},\\n\\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: YwovDwAAQBAJ},\\n\\tkeywords = {Political Science / Civil Rights, Social Science / Black Studies (Global), Social Science / Ethnic Studies / American / African American \\\\& Black Studies, Social Science / Feminism \\\\& Feminist Theory, Social Science / General, Social Science / Media Studies, Social Science / Sociology / Social Theory, Social Science / Women's Studies},\\n}\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Jordan-Zachery, J. S.\"],\"key\":\"jordan-zachery_shadow_2017\",\"id\":\"jordan-zachery_shadow_2017\",\"bibbaseid\":\"jordanzachery-shadowbodiesblackwomenideologyrepresentationandpolitics-2017\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{\"Paper\":\"https://www.rutgersuniversitypress.org/shadow-bodies/9780813593395/\"},\"keyword\":[\"Political Science / Civil Rights\",\"Social Science / Black Studies (Global)\",\"Social Science / Ethnic Studies / American / African American & Black Studies\",\"Social Science / Feminism & Feminist Theory\",\"Social Science / General\",\"Social Science / Media Studies\",\"Social Science / Sociology / Social Theory\",\"Social Science / Women's Studies\"],\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"article\",\"type\":\"article\",\"title\":\"Seeing Like an Autocrat: Liberal Social Engineering in an Illiberal State\",\"volume\":\"13\",\"issn\":\"1537-5927, 1541-0986\",\"shorttitle\":\"Seeing Like an Autocrat\",\"url\":\"https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/perspectives-on-politics/article/abs/seeing-like-an-autocrat-liberal-social-engineering-in-an-illiberal-state/D57624CEF5791FE8F6638F39D3263A4B\",\"doi\":\"10.1017/S1537592714003119\",\"abstract\":\"Recent studies of autocratic liberalization adopt a rationalist approach in which autocrats’ motives and styles of reasoning are imputed or deduced. By contrast, I investigate these empirically. I focus on liberal social engineering in the Persian Gulf, where authoritarian state efforts to shape citizen hearts and minds conform incongruously to liberal ideals of character. To explain this important but under-studied variant on autocratic liberalization, I present evidence from rare palace ethnography in the United Arab Emirates, including analysis of the jokes and stories ruling elites tell behind closed doors and regular interviews with a ruling monarch. I find that autocrats’ deeply personal experiences in the West as young men and women supplied them with stylized ideas about how modern, productive peoples ought to act and how their own cultures underperform. The evidence also reveals that such experiences can influence autocrats, even years later, leading them to trust in Western-style liberal social engineering as the way forward, despite the risks. Ethnographic findings challenge the contemporary scholarly stereotype of the autocrat as a super-rational being narrowly focused on political survival, illustrating how memory and emotion can also serve as important influences over reasoning and can drive liberal change.\",\"language\":\"en\",\"number\":\"1\",\"urldate\":\"2024-08-12\",\"journal\":\"Perspectives on Politics\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Jones\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Calvert\",\"W.\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"month\":\"March\",\"year\":\"2015\",\"pages\":\"24–41\",\"bibtex\":\"@article{jones_seeing_2015,\\n\\ttitle = {Seeing {Like} an {Autocrat}: {Liberal} {Social} {Engineering} in an {Illiberal} {State}},\\n\\tvolume = {13},\\n\\tissn = {1537-5927, 1541-0986},\\n\\tshorttitle = {Seeing {Like} an {Autocrat}},\\n\\turl = {https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/perspectives-on-politics/article/abs/seeing-like-an-autocrat-liberal-social-engineering-in-an-illiberal-state/D57624CEF5791FE8F6638F39D3263A4B},\\n\\tdoi = {10.1017/S1537592714003119},\\n\\tabstract = {Recent studies of autocratic liberalization adopt a rationalist approach in which autocrats’ motives and styles of reasoning are imputed or deduced. By contrast, I investigate these empirically. I focus on liberal social engineering in the Persian Gulf, where authoritarian state efforts to shape citizen hearts and minds conform incongruously to liberal ideals of character. To explain this important but under-studied variant on autocratic liberalization, I present evidence from rare palace ethnography in the United Arab Emirates, including analysis of the jokes and stories ruling elites tell behind closed doors and regular interviews with a ruling monarch. I find that autocrats’ deeply personal experiences in the West as young men and women supplied them with stylized ideas about how modern, productive peoples ought to act and how their own cultures underperform. The evidence also reveals that such experiences can influence autocrats, even years later, leading them to trust in Western-style liberal social engineering as the way forward, despite the risks. Ethnographic findings challenge the contemporary scholarly stereotype of the autocrat as a super-rational being narrowly focused on political survival, illustrating how memory and emotion can also serve as important influences over reasoning and can drive liberal change.},\\n\\tlanguage = {en},\\n\\tnumber = {1},\\n\\turldate = {2024-08-12},\\n\\tjournal = {Perspectives on Politics},\\n\\tauthor = {Jones, Calvert W.},\\n\\tmonth = mar,\\n\\tyear = {2015},\\n\\tpages = {24--41},\\n}\\n\\n\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Jones, C. W.\"],\"key\":\"jones_seeing_2015\",\"id\":\"jones_seeing_2015\",\"bibbaseid\":\"jones-seeinglikeanautocratliberalsocialengineeringinanilliberalstate-2015\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{\"Paper\":\"https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/perspectives-on-politics/article/abs/seeing-like-an-autocrat-liberal-social-engineering-in-an-illiberal-state/D57624CEF5791FE8F6638F39D3263A4B\"},\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"book\",\"type\":\"book\",\"address\":\"London, UK\",\"title\":\"Emotional Practices and Listening in Peacebuilding Partnerships: The Invisibility Cloak\",\"isbn\":\"978-1-00-048535-6\",\"shorttitle\":\"Emotional Practices and Listening in Peacebuilding Partnerships\",\"url\":\"https://www.routledge.com/Emotional-Practices-and-Listening-in-Peacebuilding-Partnerships-The-Invisibility-Cloak/Johansson/p/book/9781032060514\",\"abstract\":\"This book analyzes the everyday emotions of international peacebuilding practitioners as practices that hinder – and potentially help – them to listen more receptively to their local partners. It develops ‘‘emotional practices’’ as an analytical concept by integrating critical feminist perspectives insights into practice approaches.Effective peacebuilding requires international actors to listen to local partners. This sounds simple enough but often fails in practice. Examining how everyday emotions help or hinder internationals’ receptivity to local perspectives, the book challenges the conventional wisdom that emotions do not matter – at least not those of internationals who are the privileged party in peacebuilding partnerships. The book is based on interviews with peacebuilding practitioners, donors and researchers working in the Balkans and East Africa, as well as in the UK, the US and Sweden, and gives a detailed and no-nonsense description of daily dilemmas regarding listening and partnerships. Johansson provides concrete recommendations of how internationals can practice personally, organizationally, and geopolitically to build emotional capacity that will help them listen better to local actors.Drawing on the author’s expertise in political science and peace and conflict research, this volume speaks to scholars in international relations, political theory, sociology, cultural studies, development studies, critical theory, and anthropology.\",\"language\":\"en\",\"publisher\":\"Routledge\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Johansson\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Pernilla\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"month\":\"November\",\"year\":\"2021\",\"note\":\"Google-Books-ID: QJtIEAAAQBAJ\",\"keywords\":\"Political Science / General, Political Science / Peace, Social Science / Developing & Emerging Countries\",\"bibtex\":\"@book{johansson_emotional_2021,\\n\\taddress = {London, UK},\\n\\ttitle = {Emotional {Practices} and {Listening} in {Peacebuilding} {Partnerships}: {The} {Invisibility} {Cloak}},\\n\\tisbn = {978-1-00-048535-6},\\n\\tshorttitle = {Emotional {Practices} and {Listening} in {Peacebuilding} {Partnerships}},\\n\\turl = {https://www.routledge.com/Emotional-Practices-and-Listening-in-Peacebuilding-Partnerships-The-Invisibility-Cloak/Johansson/p/book/9781032060514},\\n\\tabstract = {This book analyzes the everyday emotions of international peacebuilding practitioners as practices that hinder – and potentially help – them to listen more receptively to their local partners. It develops ‘‘emotional practices’’ as an analytical concept by integrating critical feminist perspectives insights into practice approaches.Effective peacebuilding requires international actors to listen to local partners. This sounds simple enough but often fails in practice. Examining how everyday emotions help or hinder internationals’ receptivity to local perspectives, the book challenges the conventional wisdom that emotions do not matter – at least not those of internationals who are the privileged party in peacebuilding partnerships. The book is based on interviews with peacebuilding practitioners, donors and researchers working in the Balkans and East Africa, as well as in the UK, the US and Sweden, and gives a detailed and no-nonsense description of daily dilemmas regarding listening and partnerships. Johansson provides concrete recommendations of how internationals can practice personally, organizationally, and geopolitically to build emotional capacity that will help them listen better to local actors.Drawing on the author’s expertise in political science and peace and conflict research, this volume speaks to scholars in international relations, political theory, sociology, cultural studies, development studies, critical theory, and anthropology.},\\n\\tlanguage = {en},\\n\\tpublisher = {Routledge},\\n\\tauthor = {Johansson, Pernilla},\\n\\tmonth = nov,\\n\\tyear = {2021},\\n\\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: QJtIEAAAQBAJ},\\n\\tkeywords = {Political Science / General, Political Science / Peace, Social Science / Developing \\\\& Emerging Countries},\\n}\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Johansson, P.\"],\"key\":\"johansson_emotional_2021\",\"id\":\"johansson_emotional_2021\",\"bibbaseid\":\"johansson-emotionalpracticesandlisteninginpeacebuildingpartnershipstheinvisibilitycloak-2021\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{\"Paper\":\"https://www.routledge.com/Emotional-Practices-and-Listening-in-Peacebuilding-Partnerships-The-Invisibility-Cloak/Johansson/p/book/9781032060514\"},\"keyword\":[\"Political Science / General\",\"Political Science / Peace\",\"Social Science / Developing & Emerging Countries\"],\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"book\",\"type\":\"book\",\"address\":\"Cambridge, UK\",\"title\":\"Reason and Emotion in International Ethics\",\"isbn\":\"978-1-107-03741-0\",\"url\":\"https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/reason-and-emotion-in-international-ethics/119517EBC4C9F9E3C08D60F211FC1D14\",\"abstract\":\"The study of international ethics is marked by an overwhelming bias towards reasoned reflection at the expense of emotionally driven moral deliberation. For rationalist cosmopolitans in particular, reason alone provides the means by which we can arrive at the truly impartial moral judgments a cosmopolitan ethic demands. However, are the emotions as irrational, selfish and partial as most rationalist cosmopolitans would have us believe? By re-examining the central claims of the eighteenth-century moral sentiment theorists in light of cutting-edge discoveries in the fields of neuroscience and psychology, Renée Jeffery argues that the dominance of rationalism and marginalisation of emotions from theories of global ethics cannot be justified. In its place she develops a sentimentalist cosmopolitan ethic that does not simply provide a framework for identifying injustices and prescribing how we ought to respond to them, but which actually motivates action in response to international injustices such as global poverty.\",\"urldate\":\"2024-08-11\",\"publisher\":\"Cambridge University Press\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Jeffery\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Renée\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"year\":\"2014\",\"doi\":\"10.1017/CBO9781139764407\",\"bibtex\":\"@book{jeffery_reason_2014,\\n\\taddress = {Cambridge, UK},\\n\\ttitle = {Reason and {Emotion} in {International} {Ethics}},\\n\\tisbn = {978-1-107-03741-0},\\n\\turl = {https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/reason-and-emotion-in-international-ethics/119517EBC4C9F9E3C08D60F211FC1D14},\\n\\tabstract = {The study of international ethics is marked by an overwhelming bias towards reasoned reflection at the expense of emotionally driven moral deliberation. For rationalist cosmopolitans in particular, reason alone provides the means by which we can arrive at the truly impartial moral judgments a cosmopolitan ethic demands. However, are the emotions as irrational, selfish and partial as most rationalist cosmopolitans would have us believe? By re-examining the central claims of the eighteenth-century moral sentiment theorists in light of cutting-edge discoveries in the fields of neuroscience and psychology, Renée Jeffery argues that the dominance of rationalism and marginalisation of emotions from theories of global ethics cannot be justified. In its place she develops a sentimentalist cosmopolitan ethic that does not simply provide a framework for identifying injustices and prescribing how we ought to respond to them, but which actually motivates action in response to international injustices such as global poverty.},\\n\\turldate = {2024-08-11},\\n\\tpublisher = {Cambridge University Press},\\n\\tauthor = {Jeffery, Renée},\\n\\tyear = {2014},\\n\\tdoi = {10.1017/CBO9781139764407},\\n}\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Jeffery, R.\"],\"key\":\"jeffery_reason_2014\",\"id\":\"jeffery_reason_2014\",\"bibbaseid\":\"jeffery-reasonandemotionininternationalethics-2014\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{\"Paper\":\"https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/reason-and-emotion-in-international-ethics/119517EBC4C9F9E3C08D60F211FC1D14\"},\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"book\",\"type\":\"book\",\"address\":\"Philadelphia, PA\",\"title\":\"Amnesties, Accountability, and Human Rights\",\"isbn\":\"978-0-8122-4589-9\",\"url\":\"http://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt6wr9f8\",\"abstract\":\"For the last thirty years, documented human rights violations have been met with an unprecedented rise in demands for accountability. This trend challenges the use of amnesties which typically foreclose opportunities for criminal prosecutions that some argue are crucial to transitional justice. Recent developments have seen amnesties circumvented, overturned, and resisted by lawyers, states, and judiciaries committed to ending impunity for human rights violations. Yet, despite this global movement, the use of amnesties since the 1970s has not declined. \\\\textlessem\\\\textgreaterAmnesties, Accountability, and Human Rights\\\\textless/em\\\\textgreater examines why and how amnesties persist in the face of mounting pressure to prosecute the perpetrators of human rights violations. Drawing on more than 700 amnesties instituted between 1970 and 2005, Renée Jeffery maps out significant trends in the use of amnesty and offers a historical account of how both the use and the perception of amnesty has changed. As mechanisms to facilitate transitions to democracy, to reconcile divided societies, or to end violent conflicts, amnesties have been adapted to suit the competing demands of contemporary postconflict politics and international accountability norms. Through the history of one evolving political instrument, \\\\textlessem\\\\textgreaterAmnesties, Accountability, and Human Rights\\\\textless/em\\\\textgreater sheds light on the changing thought, practice, and goals of human rights discourse generally.\",\"urldate\":\"2024-08-11\",\"publisher\":\"University of Pennsylvania Press\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Jeffrey\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Renée\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"year\":\"2014\",\"doi\":\"10.2307/j.ctt6wr9f8\",\"bibtex\":\"@book{jeffrey_amnesties_2014,\\n\\taddress = {Philadelphia, PA},\\n\\ttitle = {Amnesties, {Accountability}, and {Human} {Rights}},\\n\\tisbn = {978-0-8122-4589-9},\\n\\turl = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt6wr9f8},\\n\\tabstract = {For the last thirty years, documented human rights violations have been met with an unprecedented rise in demands for\\naccountability. This trend challenges the use of amnesties which\\ntypically foreclose opportunities for criminal prosecutions that\\nsome argue are crucial to transitional justice. Recent developments have seen amnesties circumvented, overturned, and resisted by\\nlawyers, states, and judiciaries committed to ending impunity for human rights violations. Yet, despite this global movement, the use of amnesties since the 1970s has not declined. {\\\\textless}em{\\\\textgreater}Amnesties,\\nAccountability, and Human Rights{\\\\textless}/em{\\\\textgreater} examines why and how\\namnesties persist in the face of mounting pressure to prosecute the perpetrators of human rights violations. Drawing on more than 700 amnesties instituted between 1970 and 2005, Renée Jeffery maps out significant trends in the use of amnesty and offers a historical\\naccount of how both the use and the perception of amnesty has\\nchanged. As mechanisms to facilitate transitions to democracy, to reconcile divided societies, or to end violent conflicts, amnesties have been adapted to suit the competing demands of contemporary\\npostconflict politics and international accountability norms.\\nThrough the history of one evolving political instrument,\\n{\\\\textless}em{\\\\textgreater}Amnesties, Accountability, and Human Rights{\\\\textless}/em{\\\\textgreater} sheds light on the changing thought, practice, and goals of human rights discourse generally.},\\n\\turldate = {2024-08-11},\\n\\tpublisher = {University of Pennsylvania Press},\\n\\tauthor = {Jeffrey, Renée},\\n\\tyear = {2014},\\n\\tdoi = {10.2307/j.ctt6wr9f8},\\n}\\n\\n\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Jeffrey, R.\"],\"key\":\"jeffrey_amnesties_2014\",\"id\":\"jeffrey_amnesties_2014\",\"bibbaseid\":\"jeffrey-amnestiesaccountabilityandhumanrights-2014\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{\"Paper\":\"http://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt6wr9f8\"},\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"book\",\"type\":\"book\",\"address\":\"Ann Arbor, MI\",\"title\":\"Civilizing the Enemy: German Reconstruction and the Invention of the West\",\"isbn\":\"978-0-472-09929-0\",\"shorttitle\":\"Civilizing the Enemy\",\"url\":\"https://press.umich.edu/Books/C/Civilizing-the-Enemy2\",\"abstract\":\"For the past century, politicians have claimed that \\\"Western Civilization\\\" epitomizes democratic values and international stability. But who is a member of \\\"Western Civilization\\\"? Germany, for example, was a sworn enemy of the United States and much of Western Europe in the first part of the twentieth century, but emerged as a staunch Western ally after World War II. By examining German reconstruction under the Marshall Plan, author Patrick Jackson shows how the rhetorical invention of a West that included Germany was critical to the emergence of the postwar world order. Civilizing the Enemy convincingly describes how concepts are strategically shaped and given weight in modern international relations, by expertly dissecting the history of \\\"the West\\\" and demonstrating its puzzling persistence in the face of contradictory realities. \\\"By revisiting the early Cold War by means of some carefully conducted intellectual history, Patrick Jackson expertly dissects the post-1945 meanings of \\\"the West\\\" for Europe's emergent political imaginary. West German reconstruction, the foundation of NATO, and the idealizing of 'Western civilization' all appear in fascinating new light.\\\" –Geoff Eley, University of Michigan \\\"Western civilization is not given but politically made. In this theoretically sophisticated and politically nuanced book, Patrick Jackson argues that Germany's reintegration into a Western community of nations was greatly facilitated by civilizational discourse. It established a compelling political logic that guided the victorious Allies in their occupation policy. This book is very topical as it engages critically very different, and less successful, contemporary theoretical constructions and political deployments of civilizational discourse.\\\" –Peter J. Katzenstein, Cornell University \\\"What sets Patrick Jackson's book apart is his attention, on the one hand, to philosophical issues behind the kinds of theoretical claims he makes and, on the other hand, to the methodological implications that follow from those claims. Few scholars are willing and able to do both, and even fewer are as successful as he is in carrying it off. Patrick Jackson is a systematic thinker in a field where theory is all the rage but systematic thinking is in short supply.\\\" –Nicholas Onuf, Florida International University Patrick Thaddeus Jackson is Assistant Professor of International Relations in American University's School of International Service.\",\"language\":\"en\",\"publisher\":\"University of Michigan Press\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Jackson\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Patrick\",\"Thaddeus\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"month\":\"June\",\"year\":\"2006\",\"keywords\":\"History / Europe / Germany, Political Science / General, Political Science / International Relations / General\",\"bibtex\":\"@book{jackson_civilizing_2006,\\n\\taddress = {Ann Arbor, MI},\\n\\ttitle = {Civilizing the {Enemy}: {German} {Reconstruction} and the {Invention} of the {West}},\\n\\tisbn = {978-0-472-09929-0},\\n\\tshorttitle = {Civilizing the {Enemy}},\\n\\turl = {https://press.umich.edu/Books/C/Civilizing-the-Enemy2},\\n\\tabstract = {For the past century, politicians have claimed that \\\"Western Civilization\\\" epitomizes democratic values and international stability. But who is a member of \\\"Western Civilization\\\"? Germany, for example, was a sworn enemy of the United States and much of Western Europe in the first part of the twentieth century, but emerged as a staunch Western ally after World War II.  By examining German reconstruction under the Marshall Plan, author Patrick Jackson shows how the rhetorical invention of a West that included Germany was critical to the emergence of the postwar world order. Civilizing the Enemy convincingly describes how concepts are strategically shaped and given weight in modern international relations, by expertly dissecting the history of \\\"the West\\\" and demonstrating its puzzling persistence in the face of contradictory realities.  \\\"By revisiting the early Cold War by means of some carefully conducted intellectual history, Patrick Jackson expertly dissects the post-1945 meanings of \\\"the West\\\" for Europe's emergent political imaginary. West German reconstruction, the foundation of NATO, and the idealizing of 'Western civilization' all appear in fascinating new light.\\\" --Geoff Eley, University of Michigan  \\\"Western civilization is not given but politically made. In this theoretically sophisticated and politically nuanced book, Patrick Jackson argues that Germany's reintegration into a Western community of nations was greatly facilitated by civilizational discourse. It established a compelling political logic that guided the victorious Allies in their occupation policy. This book is very topical as it engages critically very different, and less successful, contemporary theoretical constructions and political deployments of civilizational discourse.\\\" --Peter J. Katzenstein, Cornell University  \\\"What sets Patrick Jackson's book apart is his attention, on the one hand, to philosophical issues behind the kinds of theoretical claims he makes and, on the other hand, to the methodological implications that follow from those claims. Few scholars are willing and able to do both, and even fewer are as successful as he is in carrying it off. Patrick Jackson is a systematic thinker in a field where theory is all the rage but systematic thinking is in short supply.\\\" --Nicholas Onuf, Florida International University   Patrick Thaddeus Jackson is Assistant Professor of International Relations in American University's School of International Service.},\\n\\tlanguage = {en},\\n\\tpublisher = {University of Michigan Press},\\n\\tauthor = {Jackson, Patrick Thaddeus},\\n\\tmonth = jun,\\n\\tyear = {2006},\\n\\tkeywords = {History / Europe / Germany, Political Science / General, Political Science / International Relations / General},\\n}\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Jackson, P. T.\"],\"key\":\"jackson_civilizing_2006\",\"id\":\"jackson_civilizing_2006\",\"bibbaseid\":\"jackson-civilizingtheenemygermanreconstructionandtheinventionofthewest-2006\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{\"Paper\":\"https://press.umich.edu/Books/C/Civilizing-the-Enemy2\"},\"keyword\":[\"History / Europe / Germany\",\"Political Science / General\",\"Political Science / International Relations / General\"],\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"book\",\"type\":\"book\",\"address\":\"Oxford, UK\",\"title\":\"Reconstructing the Cold War: The Early Years, 1945-1958\",\"isbn\":\"978-0-19-985848-4\",\"url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199858484.001.0001\",\"abstract\":\"General answers are hard to imagine for the puzzling questions that are raised by Soviet relations with the world in the early years of the Cold War. Why was Moscow more frightened by the Marshall Plan than the Truman Doctrine? Why would the Soviet Union abandon its ally, Yugoslavia, just when the Cold War was starting? How could Khrushchev’s de-Stalinized domestic and foreign policies at first cause a warming of relations with China, and then lead to loss? What can explain Stalin’s failure to ally with the leaders of the decolonizing world against imperialism and Khrushchev’s enthusiastic embrace of these leaders as anti-imperialist at a time of the first detente of the Cold War? It would seem that only idiosyncratic explanations could be offered for these seemingly incoherent policy outcomes. Or, at best, they could be explained by the personalities of Stalin and Khrushchev as leaders. In fact, the most Stalinist of Soviet leaders, the secret police chief and sociopath, Lavrentii Beria, was the most enthusiastic proponent of de-Stalinized foreign and domestic policies after Stalin’s death in March 1953. This book argues, instead, that it was Soviet identity that explains these anomalies. During Stalin’s rule, a discourse of danger prevailed in Soviet society, where any deviations from the idealized version of the New Soviet Man, were understood as threatening the very survival of the Soviet project itself. But the discourse of danger did not go unchallenged. Even under the rule of Stalin, Soviet society understood a socialist Soviet Union as a more secure, diverse, and socially democratic place. This discourse of difference, with its broader conception of what the socialist project meant, and who could contribute to it, was empowered after Stalin’s death, first by Beria, then by Malenkov, and then by Khrushchev, and the rest of the post-Stalin Soviet leadership. This discourse of difference allowed for the de-Stalinization of Eastern Europe, with the consequent revolts in Poland and Hungary, a rapprochement with Tito’s Yugoslavia, and an initial warming of relations with China. But it also sowed the seeds of the split with China, as the latter moved in the very Stalinist direction at home just rejected by Moscow. And, contrary to conventional wisdom, a moderation of authoritarianism at home, a product of the discourse of difference, did not lead to a moderation of Soviet foreign policy abroad. Instead, it led to the opening of an entirely new, and bloody, front in the decolonizing world.\",\"urldate\":\"2024-11-08\",\"publisher\":\"Oxford University Press\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Hopf\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Ted\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"month\":\"May\",\"year\":\"2012\",\"doi\":\"10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199858484.001.0001\",\"bibtex\":\"@book{hopf_reconstructing_2012,\\n\\taddress = {Oxford, UK},\\n\\ttitle = {Reconstructing the {Cold} {War}: {The} {Early} {Years}, 1945-1958},\\n\\tisbn = {978-0-19-985848-4},\\n\\turl = {https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199858484.001.0001},\\n\\tabstract = {General answers are hard to imagine for the puzzling questions that are raised by Soviet relations with the world in the early years of the Cold War. Why was Moscow more frightened by the Marshall Plan than the Truman Doctrine? Why would the Soviet Union abandon its ally, Yugoslavia, just when the Cold War was starting? How could Khrushchev’s de-Stalinized domestic and foreign policies at first cause a warming of relations with China, and then lead to loss? What can explain Stalin’s failure to ally with the leaders of the decolonizing world against imperialism and Khrushchev’s enthusiastic embrace of these leaders as anti-imperialist at a time of the first detente of the Cold War? It would seem that only idiosyncratic explanations could be offered for these seemingly incoherent policy outcomes. Or, at best, they could be explained by the personalities of Stalin and Khrushchev as leaders. In fact, the most Stalinist of Soviet leaders, the secret police chief and sociopath, Lavrentii Beria, was the most enthusiastic proponent of de-Stalinized foreign and domestic policies after Stalin’s death in March 1953. This book argues, instead, that it was Soviet identity that explains these anomalies. During Stalin’s rule, a discourse of danger prevailed in Soviet society, where any deviations from the idealized version of the New Soviet Man, were understood as threatening the very survival of the Soviet project itself. But the discourse of danger did not go unchallenged. Even under the rule of Stalin, Soviet society understood a socialist Soviet Union as a more secure, diverse, and socially democratic place. This discourse of difference, with its broader conception of what the socialist project meant, and who could contribute to it, was empowered after Stalin’s death, first by Beria, then by Malenkov, and then by Khrushchev, and the rest of the post-Stalin Soviet leadership. This discourse of difference allowed for the de-Stalinization of Eastern Europe, with the consequent revolts in Poland and Hungary, a rapprochement with Tito’s Yugoslavia, and an initial warming of relations with China. But it also sowed the seeds of the split with China, as the latter moved in the very Stalinist direction at home just rejected by Moscow. And, contrary to conventional wisdom, a moderation of authoritarianism at home, a product of the discourse of difference, did not lead to a moderation of Soviet foreign policy abroad. Instead, it led to the opening of an entirely new, and bloody, front in the decolonizing world.},\\n\\turldate = {2024-11-08},\\n\\tpublisher = {Oxford University Press},\\n\\tauthor = {Hopf, Ted},\\n\\tmonth = may,\\n\\tyear = {2012},\\n\\tdoi = {10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199858484.001.0001},\\n}\\n\\n\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Hopf, T.\"],\"key\":\"hopf_reconstructing_2012\",\"id\":\"hopf_reconstructing_2012\",\"bibbaseid\":\"hopf-reconstructingthecoldwartheearlyyears19451958-2012\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{\"Paper\":\"https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199858484.001.0001\"},\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"book\",\"type\":\"book\",\"address\":\"Oxford, UK\",\"title\":\"Making Identity Count: Building a National Identity Database\",\"isbn\":\"978-0-19-025547-3\",\"url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190255473.001.0001\",\"abstract\":\"Making Identity Count outlines a method for the interpretive and quantitative study of national identity. It argues that constructivist international relations (IR) theories of identity have not yet been tested in large-n quantitative work because an intersubjective data set has never been produced. Instead, existing quantitative work reduces identity to language, ethnicity, or religion. However, these variables do not capture the intersubjective content of national identities. Other methods for measuring identity such as surveys or content analysis do not employ an inductive “ethnographic sensibility” that allows subjects speak and salient identities to emerge. This volume argues that interpretivist ethnographic sensibility and quantitative concerns with replicability can be fruitfully combined in a method of discourse analysis to produce a large-n intersubjective database of national identity. The empirical chapters present the first step of this project: examples of transparent, replicable discourse analysis of national identity that can be used as the basis for quantitative operationalizations of identity. The volume presents results from nine country reports: Brazil, China, France, Germany, India (Hindi), India (English), Japan, the United Kingdom, and the United States. The results are used to theorize a constructivist account of hegemonic transition and draw out the implications of the results for the future of Western democratic neoliberal hegemony. The volume concludes that while there is strong support for the democratic elements of Western hegemony, mass texts all over the world express concern with the negative effects of neoliberal capitalism.\",\"urldate\":\"2024-11-08\",\"publisher\":\"Oxford University Press\",\"editor\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Hopf\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Ted\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Allan\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Bentley\",\"B.\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"month\":\"July\",\"year\":\"2016\",\"doi\":\"10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190255473.001.0001\",\"bibtex\":\"@book{hopf_making_2016,\\n\\taddress = {Oxford, UK},\\n\\ttitle = {Making {Identity} {Count}: {Building} a {National} {Identity} {Database}},\\n\\tisbn = {978-0-19-025547-3},\\n\\turl = {https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190255473.001.0001},\\n\\tabstract = {Making Identity Count outlines a method for the interpretive and quantitative study of national identity. It argues that constructivist international relations (IR) theories of identity have not yet been tested in large-n quantitative work because an intersubjective data set has never been produced. Instead, existing quantitative work reduces identity to language, ethnicity, or religion. However, these variables do not capture the intersubjective content of national identities. Other methods for measuring identity such as surveys or content analysis do not employ an inductive “ethnographic sensibility” that allows subjects speak and salient identities to emerge. This volume argues that interpretivist ethnographic sensibility and quantitative concerns with replicability can be fruitfully combined in a method of discourse analysis to produce a large-n intersubjective database of national identity. The empirical chapters present the first step of this project: examples of transparent, replicable discourse analysis of national identity that can be used as the basis for quantitative operationalizations of identity. The volume presents results from nine country reports: Brazil, China, France, Germany, India (Hindi), India (English), Japan, the United Kingdom, and the United States. The results are used to theorize a constructivist account of hegemonic transition and draw out the implications of the results for the future of Western democratic neoliberal hegemony. The volume concludes that while there is strong support for the democratic elements of Western hegemony, mass texts all over the world express concern with the negative effects of neoliberal capitalism.},\\n\\turldate = {2024-11-08},\\n\\tpublisher = {Oxford University Press},\\n\\teditor = {Hopf, Ted and Allan, Bentley B.},\\n\\tmonth = jul,\\n\\tyear = {2016},\\n\\tdoi = {10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190255473.001.0001},\\n}\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\",\"editor_short\":[\"Hopf, T.\",\"Allan, B. B.\"],\"key\":\"hopf_making_2016\",\"id\":\"hopf_making_2016\",\"bibbaseid\":\"hopf-allan-makingidentitycountbuildinganationalidentitydatabase-2016\",\"role\":\"editor\",\"urls\":{\"Paper\":\"https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190255473.001.0001\"},\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"incollection\",\"type\":\"incollection\",\"address\":\"Cambridge\",\"title\":\"Identity Relations and the Sino-Soviet Split\",\"isbn\":\"978-0-521-51818-5\",\"url\":\"https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/measuring-identity/identity-relations-and-the-sinosoviet-split/3B5DABB8CCD38022816FB67A7262A640\",\"abstract\":\"Theory should determine method. How one theorizes about some outcome should drive which methods one chooses to assess the relative validity of competing claims about that outcome. In this chapter, how I theorize identity drives my methodological choice of discourse analysis. Had I chosen some variable other than identity, say objective military power, or had I chosen to theorize identity differently, say as the subjective perceptions of decision makers, then the method chosen would have been different. Because I theorize identity as an intersubjective social structure, the method I choose must somehow recover this intersubjective reality as experienced by its subjects. Intersubjectivity is the reality generated within a community, society, or group, of shared understandings of the world out there. It cannot be reduced to either objective reality – that is, the reality that is out there independent of our perceptions of it, or subjective reality, the reality each one of us perceives as individuals. If it were the latter, then one need only look into the heads of individual decision makers to find out what they believed. If it were the former, one need only catalog the objective indicators presumed to be causal for any particular theory.In what follows, I present a constructivist theory of identity that is at once social, structural, and cognitive. I explore three logics of social order – consequentialism, appropriateness, and habit – and relate them to the theory of identity I apply to the study of a state's foreign policy choices.\",\"urldate\":\"2024-08-11\",\"booktitle\":\"Measuring Identity: A Guide for Social Scientists\",\"publisher\":\"Cambridge University Press\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Hopf\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Ted\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"editor\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Johnston\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Alastair\",\"Iain\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Abdelal\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Rawi\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"McDermott\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Rose\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Herrera\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Yoshiko\",\"M.\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"year\":\"2009\",\"doi\":\"10.1017/CBO9780511810909.011\",\"pages\":\"279–315\",\"bibtex\":\"@incollection{johnston_identity_2009,\\n\\taddress = {Cambridge},\\n\\ttitle = {Identity {Relations} and the {Sino}-{Soviet} {Split}},\\n\\tisbn = {978-0-521-51818-5},\\n\\turl = {https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/measuring-identity/identity-relations-and-the-sinosoviet-split/3B5DABB8CCD38022816FB67A7262A640},\\n\\tabstract = {Theory should determine method. How one theorizes about some outcome should drive which methods one chooses to assess the relative validity of competing claims about that outcome. In this chapter, how I theorize identity drives my methodological choice of discourse analysis. Had I chosen some variable other than identity, say objective military power, or had I chosen to theorize identity differently, say as the subjective perceptions of decision makers, then the method chosen would have been different. Because I theorize identity as an intersubjective social structure, the method I choose must somehow recover this intersubjective reality as experienced by its subjects. Intersubjectivity is the reality generated within a community, society, or group, of shared understandings of the world out there. It cannot be reduced to either objective reality – that is, the reality that is out there independent of our perceptions of it, or subjective reality, the reality each one of us perceives as individuals. If it were the latter, then one need only look into the heads of individual decision makers to find out what they believed. If it were the former, one need only catalog the objective indicators presumed to be causal for any particular theory.In what follows, I present a constructivist theory of identity that is at once social, structural, and cognitive. I explore three logics of social order – consequentialism, appropriateness, and habit – and relate them to the theory of identity I apply to the study of a state's foreign policy choices.},\\n\\turldate = {2024-08-11},\\n\\tbooktitle = {Measuring {Identity}: {A} {Guide} for {Social} {Scientists}},\\n\\tpublisher = {Cambridge University Press},\\n\\tauthor = {Hopf, Ted},\\n\\teditor = {Johnston, Alastair Iain and Abdelal, Rawi and McDermott, Rose and Herrera, Yoshiko M.},\\n\\tyear = {2009},\\n\\tdoi = {10.1017/CBO9780511810909.011},\\n\\tpages = {279--315},\\n}\\n\\n\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Hopf, T.\"],\"editor_short\":[\"Johnston, A. I.\",\"Abdelal, R.\",\"McDermott, R.\",\"Herrera, Y. M.\"],\"key\":\"johnston_identity_2009\",\"id\":\"johnston_identity_2009\",\"bibbaseid\":\"hopf-identityrelationsandthesinosovietsplit-2009\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{\"Paper\":\"https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/measuring-identity/identity-relations-and-the-sinosoviet-split/3B5DABB8CCD38022816FB67A7262A640\"},\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"book\",\"type\":\"book\",\"title\":\"Social Construction of International Politics: Identities & Foreign Policies, Moscow, 1955 and 1999\",\"isbn\":\"978-0-8014-8791-0\",\"shorttitle\":\"Social Construction of International Politics\",\"url\":\"https://www.cornellpress.cornell.edu/book/9780801487910/social-construction-of-international-politics/#bookTabs=1\",\"abstract\":\"In this deeply researched book Ted Hopf challenges contemporary theorizing about international relations. He advances what he believes is a commonsensical notion: a state's domestic identity has an enormous effect on its international policies. Hopf argues that foreign policy elites are inextricably bound to their own societies; in order to understand other states, they must first understand themselves. To comprehend Russian and Soviet foreign policy, \\\"it is just as important to read what is being consumed on the Moscow subway as it is to conduct research in the Foreign Ministry archives,\\\" the author says.Hopf recreates the major currents in Russian/Soviet identity, reconstructing the \\\"identity topographies\\\" of two profoundly important years, 1955 and 1999. To provide insights about how Russians made sense of themselves in the post-Stalinist and late Yeltsin periods, he not only uses daily newspapers and official discourse, but also delves into works intended for mass consumption–popular novels, film reviews, ethnographic journals, high school textbooks, and memoirs. He explains how the different identities expressed in these varied materials shaped the worldviews of Soviet and Russian decisionmakers. Hopf finds that continuous renegotiations and clashes among competing domestic visions of national identity had a profound effect on Soviet and Russian foreign policy. Broadly speaking, Hopf shows that all international politics begins at home.\",\"language\":\"en\",\"publisher\":\"Cornell University Press\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Hopf\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Ted\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"year\":\"2002\",\"keywords\":\"History / Russia / General, Political Science / General, Political Science / International Relations / General, Political Science / Public Policy / General, Social Science / Anthropology / Cultural & Social, Social Science / Ethnic Studies / General\",\"bibtex\":\"@book{hopf_social_2002,\\n\\ttitle = {Social {Construction} of {International} {Politics}: {Identities} \\\\& {Foreign} {Policies}, {Moscow}, 1955 and 1999},\\n\\tisbn = {978-0-8014-8791-0},\\n\\tshorttitle = {Social {Construction} of {International} {Politics}},\\n\\turl = {https://www.cornellpress.cornell.edu/book/9780801487910/social-construction-of-international-politics/#bookTabs=1},\\n\\tabstract = {In this deeply researched book Ted Hopf challenges contemporary theorizing about international relations. He advances what he believes is a commonsensical notion: a state's domestic identity has an enormous effect on its international policies. Hopf argues that foreign policy elites are inextricably bound to their own societies; in order to understand other states, they must first understand themselves. To comprehend Russian and Soviet foreign policy, \\\"it is just as important to read what is being consumed on the Moscow subway as it is to conduct research in the Foreign Ministry archives,\\\" the author says.Hopf recreates the major currents in Russian/Soviet identity, reconstructing the \\\"identity topographies\\\" of two profoundly important years, 1955 and 1999. To provide insights about how Russians made sense of themselves in the post-Stalinist and late Yeltsin periods, he not only uses daily newspapers and official discourse, but also delves into works intended for mass consumption--popular novels, film reviews, ethnographic journals, high school textbooks, and memoirs. He explains how the different identities expressed in these varied materials shaped the worldviews of Soviet and Russian decisionmakers. Hopf finds that continuous renegotiations and clashes among competing domestic visions of national identity had a profound effect on Soviet and Russian foreign policy. Broadly speaking, Hopf shows that all international politics begins at home.},\\n\\tlanguage = {en},\\n\\tpublisher = {Cornell University Press},\\n\\tauthor = {Hopf, Ted},\\n\\tyear = {2002},\\n\\tkeywords = {History / Russia / General, Political Science / General, Political Science / International Relations / General, Political Science / Public Policy / General, Social Science / Anthropology / Cultural \\\\& Social, Social Science / Ethnic Studies / General},\\n}\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Hopf, T.\"],\"key\":\"hopf_social_2002\",\"id\":\"hopf_social_2002\",\"bibbaseid\":\"hopf-socialconstructionofinternationalpoliticsidentitiesforeignpoliciesmoscow1955and1999-2002\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{\"Paper\":\"https://www.cornellpress.cornell.edu/book/9780801487910/social-construction-of-international-politics/#bookTabs=1\"},\"keyword\":[\"History / Russia / General\",\"Political Science / General\",\"Political Science / International Relations / General\",\"Political Science / Public Policy / General\",\"Social Science / Anthropology / Cultural & Social\",\"Social Science / Ethnic Studies / General\"],\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"article\",\"type\":\"article\",\"title\":\"Governing (in)security in a postcolonial world: Transnational entanglements and the worldliness of 'local' practice\",\"volume\":\"43\",\"issn\":\"0967-0106\",\"shorttitle\":\"Governing (in)security in a postcolonial world\",\"url\":\"https://www.jstor.org/stable/26301927\",\"abstract\":\"While analysis of transnationalized forms of security governance in the contemporary postcolonial world features prominently in current debates within the field of security studies, most efforts to analyse and understand the relevant processes proceed from an unquestioned 'Western' perspective, thereby failing to consider the methodological and theoretical implications of governing (in)security under postcolonial conditions. This article seeks to address that lacuna by highlighting the entangled histories of (in)security governance in the (post)colonial world and by providing fresh theoretical and methodological perspective for a security studies research agenda sensitive to the implications of the postcolonial condition.\",\"number\":\"5\",\"urldate\":\"2024-08-11\",\"journal\":\"Security Dialogue\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Hönke\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Jana\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Müller\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Markus-Michael\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"year\":\"2012\",\"note\":\"Publisher: Sage Publications, Ltd.\",\"pages\":\"383–401\",\"bibtex\":\"@article{honke_governing_2012,\\n\\ttitle = {Governing (in)security in a postcolonial world: {Transnational} entanglements and the worldliness of 'local' practice},\\n\\tvolume = {43},\\n\\tissn = {0967-0106},\\n\\tshorttitle = {Governing (in)security in a postcolonial world},\\n\\turl = {https://www.jstor.org/stable/26301927},\\n\\tabstract = {While analysis of transnationalized forms of security governance in the contemporary postcolonial world features prominently in current debates within the field of security studies, most efforts to analyse and understand the relevant processes proceed from an unquestioned 'Western' perspective, thereby failing to consider the methodological and theoretical implications of governing (in)security under postcolonial conditions. This article seeks to address that lacuna by highlighting the entangled histories of (in)security governance in the (post)colonial world and by providing fresh theoretical and methodological perspective for a security studies research agenda sensitive to the implications of the postcolonial condition.},\\n\\tnumber = {5},\\n\\turldate = {2024-08-11},\\n\\tjournal = {Security Dialogue},\\n\\tauthor = {Hönke, Jana and Müller, Markus-Michael},\\n\\tyear = {2012},\\n\\tnote = {Publisher: Sage Publications, Ltd.},\\n\\tpages = {383--401},\\n}\\n\\n\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Hönke, J.\",\"Müller, M.\"],\"key\":\"honke_governing_2012\",\"id\":\"honke_governing_2012\",\"bibbaseid\":\"hnke-mller-governinginsecurityinapostcolonialworldtransnationalentanglementsandtheworldlinessoflocalpractice-2012\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{\"Paper\":\"https://www.jstor.org/stable/26301927\"},\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"article\",\"type\":\"article\",\"title\":\"Deliberative capital: recognition in participatory budgeting\",\"volume\":\"10\",\"issn\":\"1946-0171\",\"shorttitle\":\"Deliberative capital\",\"url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1080/19460171.2015.1077718\",\"doi\":\"10.1080/19460171.2015.1077718\",\"abstract\":\"This article suggests (1) that deliberative democrats seeking to understand the conditions of inclusion in the public sphere should reconsider whether deliberative ‘skills,’ ‘competence,’ and ‘capacity’ are adequate to capture what effective participation requires, (2) that they would understand this differently, and better, by thinking in terms of deliberative capital, a concept more sensitive to how norms condition recognition of legitimate speakers, (3) that interpretive inquiries focused on practices in concrete deliberative fields can enrich our understanding of the conditions of inclusion. This article presents an account of participatory budgeting in Rosario, Argentina, based on observations and interviews with participants, and focuses on interpreting the meanings that participation has for citizen ‘councilors’. It finds that deliberative practices produce alternative sources of recognition, on the basis of which members of the field of deliberation expect recognition also outside the field. The concept of deliberative capital brings to the fore the symbolic values of deliberative practices and provides an alternative view on how they matter for participation in the wider public sphere.\",\"number\":\"4\",\"urldate\":\"2024-08-11\",\"journal\":\"Critical Policy Studies\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Holdo\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Markus\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"month\":\"October\",\"year\":\"2016\",\"note\":\"Publisher: Routledge _eprint: https://doi.org/10.1080/19460171.2015.1077718\",\"keywords\":\"Bourdieu, deliberative democracy, inclusion, participatory budgeting, recognition, skills\",\"pages\":\"391–409\",\"bibtex\":\"@article{holdo_deliberative_2016,\\n\\ttitle = {Deliberative capital: recognition in participatory budgeting},\\n\\tvolume = {10},\\n\\tissn = {1946-0171},\\n\\tshorttitle = {Deliberative capital},\\n\\turl = {https://doi.org/10.1080/19460171.2015.1077718},\\n\\tdoi = {10.1080/19460171.2015.1077718},\\n\\tabstract = {This article suggests (1) that deliberative democrats seeking to understand the conditions of inclusion in the public sphere should reconsider whether deliberative ‘skills,’ ‘competence,’ and ‘capacity’ are adequate to capture what effective participation requires, (2) that they would understand this differently, and better, by thinking in terms of deliberative capital, a concept more sensitive to how norms condition recognition of legitimate speakers, (3) that interpretive inquiries focused on practices in concrete deliberative fields can enrich our understanding of the conditions of inclusion. This article presents an account of participatory budgeting in Rosario, Argentina, based on observations and interviews with participants, and focuses on interpreting the meanings that participation has for citizen ‘councilors’. It finds that deliberative practices produce alternative sources of recognition, on the basis of which members of the field of deliberation expect recognition also outside the field. The concept of deliberative capital brings to the fore the symbolic values of deliberative practices and provides an alternative view on how they matter for participation in the wider public sphere.},\\n\\tnumber = {4},\\n\\turldate = {2024-08-11},\\n\\tjournal = {Critical Policy Studies},\\n\\tauthor = {Holdo, Markus},\\n\\tmonth = oct,\\n\\tyear = {2016},\\n\\tnote = {Publisher: Routledge\\n\\\\_eprint: https://doi.org/10.1080/19460171.2015.1077718},\\n\\tkeywords = {Bourdieu, deliberative democracy, inclusion, participatory budgeting, recognition, skills},\\n\\tpages = {391--409},\\n}\\n\\n\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Holdo, M.\"],\"key\":\"holdo_deliberative_2016\",\"id\":\"holdo_deliberative_2016\",\"bibbaseid\":\"holdo-deliberativecapitalrecognitioninparticipatorybudgeting-2016\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{\"Paper\":\"https://doi.org/10.1080/19460171.2015.1077718\"},\"keyword\":[\"Bourdieu\",\"deliberative democracy\",\"inclusion\",\"participatory budgeting\",\"recognition\",\"skills\"],\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"book\",\"type\":\"book\",\"address\":\"London, UK\",\"title\":\"Challenges to Political Decision-making: Dealing with Information Overload, Ignorance and Contested Knowledge\",\"isbn\":\"978-0-429-67480-8\",\"shorttitle\":\"Challenges to Political Decision-making\",\"abstract\":\"This book analyses the ability of individuals to create meaning through communicative interaction and of what seems to constrain and enable actors in taking collectively binding political decisions. The book examines why, in some contexts, individuals consider something as evident and relevant for their action while others perceive them as nonsense or simply as ‘fake news’. As such, the book follows a research perspective based on a concept emphasizing that the core function of knowledge is related to the selection and integration of data and other information which give them substance. Taking an interpretive political science perspective to knowledge, the book overcomes particular deficiencies of policy learning concepts where the development of an understanding of ‘reality’ is thematized in a way that supposedly decrypts everyday processes through which individuals understand ‘reality’ and (re)orient their actions to intersubjective processes. To better understand these intersubjective processes, communicative mechanisms are worked through where knowledge claims are selected and integrated. This book will be of key interest to scholars and students of political science and policy analysis and more broadly, to sociology and social theory, geography, planning, philosophy, communication studies, and governance studies.\",\"language\":\"en\",\"publisher\":\"Routledge\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Heinelt\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Hubert\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"month\":\"May\",\"year\":\"2019\",\"note\":\"Google-Books-ID: F7uZDwAAQBAJ\",\"keywords\":\"Philosophy / Political, Political Science / American Government / General, Political Science / Essays, Political Science / General, Political Science / History & Theory, Social Science / Human Geography, Social Science / Media Studies, Social Science / Sociology / General, Social Science / Sociology / Urban\",\"bibtex\":\"@book{heinelt_challenges_2019,\\n\\taddress = {London, UK},\\n\\ttitle = {Challenges to {Political} {Decision}-making: {Dealing} with {Information} {Overload}, {Ignorance} and {Contested} {Knowledge}},\\n\\tisbn = {978-0-429-67480-8},\\n\\tshorttitle = {Challenges to {Political} {Decision}-making},\\n\\tabstract = {This book analyses the ability of individuals to create meaning through communicative interaction and of what seems to constrain and enable actors in taking collectively binding political decisions. The book examines why, in some contexts, individuals consider something as evident and relevant for their action while others perceive them as nonsense or simply as ‘fake news’. As such, the book follows a research perspective based on a concept emphasizing that the core function of knowledge is related to the selection and integration of data and other information which give them substance. Taking an interpretive political science perspective to knowledge, the book overcomes particular deficiencies of policy learning concepts where the development of an understanding of ‘reality’ is thematized in a way that supposedly decrypts everyday processes through which individuals understand ‘reality’ and (re)orient their actions to intersubjective processes. To better understand these intersubjective processes, communicative mechanisms are worked through where knowledge claims are selected and integrated. This book will be of key interest to scholars and students of political science and policy analysis and more broadly, to sociology and social theory, geography, planning, philosophy, communication studies, and governance studies.},\\n\\tlanguage = {en},\\n\\tpublisher = {Routledge},\\n\\tauthor = {Heinelt, Hubert},\\n\\tmonth = may,\\n\\tyear = {2019},\\n\\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: F7uZDwAAQBAJ},\\n\\tkeywords = {Philosophy / Political, Political Science / American Government / General, Political Science / Essays, Political Science / General, Political Science / History \\\\& Theory, Social Science / Human Geography, Social Science / Media Studies, Social Science / Sociology / General, Social Science / Sociology / Urban},\\n}\\n\\n\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Heinelt, H.\"],\"key\":\"heinelt_challenges_2019\",\"id\":\"heinelt_challenges_2019\",\"bibbaseid\":\"heinelt-challengestopoliticaldecisionmakingdealingwithinformationoverloadignoranceandcontestedknowledge-2019\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{},\"keyword\":[\"Philosophy / Political\",\"Political Science / American Government / General\",\"Political Science / Essays\",\"Political Science / General\",\"Political Science / History & Theory\",\"Social Science / Human Geography\",\"Social Science / Media Studies\",\"Social Science / Sociology / General\",\"Social Science / Sociology / Urban\"],\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"article\",\"type\":\"article\",\"title\":\"Lost in translation: a critique of constructivist norm research\",\"volume\":\"18\",\"issn\":\"1581-1980\",\"shorttitle\":\"Lost in translation\",\"url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1057/jird.2014.1\",\"doi\":\"10.1057/jird.2014.1\",\"abstract\":\"In their attempt to explain change in international politics, an emerging group of scholars in the 1990s emphasised the importance of ‘non-material factors’. Questions about the creation, evolution, and impact of norms obtained a prominent place in their theorising. Cast in a constructivist frame, this norm research promised to be a viable alternative to established approaches and while it has indeed broadened the perspective on state behaviour in International Relations, we argue that at the same time it entailed major conceptual and methodological problems which have not yet been spelled out comprehensively. Mainly, the insight that norms are constantly renegotiated in social interaction has been lost in the translation of social-theoretical claims of early constructivism into empirical research agendas. The ensuing research is best characterised as a cultural-determinist framework which is ultimately ill-equipped for the initial proposition of explaining change. We develop this critique by reconstructing the theoretical and methodological decisions of constructivist norm research. We then propose to re-conceptualise the connection between norms and action and suggest an interpretive methodology that allows delivering on the ambitious promise to explain processes of normative change in international politics. We illustrate this claim by reviewing constructivist norm research on ‘humanitarian interventions’ and by outlining a relational-processualist perspective on this issue.\",\"language\":\"en\",\"number\":\"1\",\"urldate\":\"2024-08-11\",\"journal\":\"Journal of International Relations and Development\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Hofferberth\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Matthias\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Weber\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Christian\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"month\":\"January\",\"year\":\"2015\",\"keywords\":\"constructivism, international relations theory, norms\",\"pages\":\"75–103\",\"bibtex\":\"@article{hofferberth_lost_2015,\\n\\ttitle = {Lost in translation: a critique of constructivist norm research},\\n\\tvolume = {18},\\n\\tissn = {1581-1980},\\n\\tshorttitle = {Lost in translation},\\n\\turl = {https://doi.org/10.1057/jird.2014.1},\\n\\tdoi = {10.1057/jird.2014.1},\\n\\tabstract = {In their attempt to explain change in international politics, an emerging group of scholars in the 1990s emphasised the importance of ‘non-material factors’. Questions about the creation, evolution, and impact of norms obtained a prominent place in their theorising. Cast in a constructivist frame, this norm research promised to be a viable alternative to established approaches and while it has indeed broadened the perspective on state behaviour in International Relations, we argue that at the same time it entailed major conceptual and methodological problems which have not yet been spelled out comprehensively. Mainly, the insight that norms are constantly renegotiated in social interaction has been lost in the translation of social-theoretical claims of early constructivism into empirical research agendas. The ensuing research is best characterised as a cultural-determinist framework which is ultimately ill-equipped for the initial proposition of explaining change. We develop this critique by reconstructing the theoretical and methodological decisions of constructivist norm research. We then propose to re-conceptualise the connection between norms and action and suggest an interpretive methodology that allows delivering on the ambitious promise to explain processes of normative change in international politics. We illustrate this claim by reviewing constructivist norm research on ‘humanitarian interventions’ and by outlining a relational-processualist perspective on this issue.},\\n\\tlanguage = {en},\\n\\tnumber = {1},\\n\\turldate = {2024-08-11},\\n\\tjournal = {Journal of International Relations and Development},\\n\\tauthor = {Hofferberth, Matthias and Weber, Christian},\\n\\tmonth = jan,\\n\\tyear = {2015},\\n\\tkeywords = {constructivism, international relations theory, norms},\\n\\tpages = {75--103},\\n}\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Hofferberth, M.\",\"Weber, C.\"],\"key\":\"hofferberth_lost_2015\",\"id\":\"hofferberth_lost_2015\",\"bibbaseid\":\"hofferberth-weber-lostintranslationacritiqueofconstructivistnormresearch-2015\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{\"Paper\":\"https://doi.org/10.1057/jird.2014.1\"},\"keyword\":[\"constructivism\",\"international relations theory\",\"norms\"],\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"article\",\"type\":\"article\",\"title\":\"Producing a Vision of the Self-Governing Mother: A Study of Street-Level Bureaucrat Behavior in Coproductive Interactions\",\"volume\":\"50\",\"issn\":\"0095-3997\",\"shorttitle\":\"Producing a Vision of the Self-Governing Mother\",\"url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1177/0095399717719110\",\"doi\":\"10.1177/0095399717719110\",\"abstract\":\"Street-level bureaucrats in social welfare programs often interact with program participants in coproductive environments where program objectives cannot be achieved without participant behavior change. In these environments, interactions are expected to help produce participant outcomes, a process that has been underexamined. This study investigates interactions and analyzes practices employed by street-level bureaucrats to encourage behavior change among program participants in two clinics in Arizona’s Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC). The findings suggest that communicative practices related to encouraging self-efficacy and recognizing participant autonomy produce a mutually understood vision of a self-governing mother who is knowledgeable, disciplined, persistent, and a creative problem-solver.\",\"language\":\"en\",\"number\":\"8\",\"urldate\":\"2024-08-11\",\"journal\":\"Administration & Society\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Hand\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Laura\",\"C.\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"month\":\"September\",\"year\":\"2018\",\"note\":\"Publisher: SAGE Publications Inc\",\"pages\":\"1148–1174\",\"bibtex\":\"@article{hand_producing_2018,\\n\\ttitle = {Producing a {Vision} of the {Self}-{Governing} {Mother}: {A} {Study} of {Street}-{Level} {Bureaucrat} {Behavior} in {Coproductive} {Interactions}},\\n\\tvolume = {50},\\n\\tissn = {0095-3997},\\n\\tshorttitle = {Producing a {Vision} of the {Self}-{Governing} {Mother}},\\n\\turl = {https://doi.org/10.1177/0095399717719110},\\n\\tdoi = {10.1177/0095399717719110},\\n\\tabstract = {Street-level bureaucrats in social welfare programs often interact with program participants in coproductive environments where program objectives cannot be achieved without participant behavior change. In these environments, interactions are expected to help produce participant outcomes, a process that has been underexamined. This study investigates interactions and analyzes practices employed by street-level bureaucrats to encourage behavior change among program participants in two clinics in Arizona’s Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC). The findings suggest that communicative practices related to encouraging self-efficacy and recognizing participant autonomy produce a mutually understood vision of a self-governing mother who is knowledgeable, disciplined, persistent, and a creative problem-solver.},\\n\\tlanguage = {en},\\n\\tnumber = {8},\\n\\turldate = {2024-08-11},\\n\\tjournal = {Administration \\\\& Society},\\n\\tauthor = {Hand, Laura C.},\\n\\tmonth = sep,\\n\\tyear = {2018},\\n\\tnote = {Publisher: SAGE Publications Inc},\\n\\tpages = {1148--1174},\\n}\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Hand, L. C.\"],\"key\":\"hand_producing_2018\",\"id\":\"hand_producing_2018\",\"bibbaseid\":\"hand-producingavisionoftheselfgoverningmotherastudyofstreetlevelbureaucratbehaviorincoproductiveinteractions-2018\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{\"Paper\":\"https://doi.org/10.1177/0095399717719110\"},\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"article\",\"type\":\"article\",\"title\":\"Not promoting, not exporting: India’s democracy assistance\",\"volume\":\"2\",\"shorttitle\":\"Not promoting, not exporting\",\"url\":\"https://www.orfonline.org/public/uploads/posts/pdf/20230724150545.pdf\",\"number\":\"3\",\"urldate\":\"2024-08-11\",\"journal\":\"Rising Powers Quarterly\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Hall\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Ian\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"year\":\"2017\",\"pages\":\"81–97\",\"bibtex\":\"@article{hall_not_2017,\\n\\ttitle = {Not promoting, not exporting: {India}’s democracy assistance},\\n\\tvolume = {2},\\n\\tshorttitle = {Not promoting, not exporting},\\n\\turl = {https://www.orfonline.org/public/uploads/posts/pdf/20230724150545.pdf},\\n\\tnumber = {3},\\n\\turldate = {2024-08-11},\\n\\tjournal = {Rising Powers Quarterly},\\n\\tauthor = {Hall, Ian},\\n\\tyear = {2017},\\n\\tpages = {81--97},\\n}\\n\\n\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Hall, I.\"],\"key\":\"hall_not_2017\",\"id\":\"hall_not_2017\",\"bibbaseid\":\"hall-notpromotingnotexportingindiasdemocracyassistance-2017\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{\"Paper\":\"https://www.orfonline.org/public/uploads/posts/pdf/20230724150545.pdf\"},\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"book\",\"type\":\"book\",\"address\":\"Manchester, UK\",\"title\":\"Dramas at Westminster: Select committees and the quest for accountability\",\"copyright\":\"De Gruyter expressly reserves the right to use all content for commercial text and data mining within the meaning of Section 44b of the German Copyright Act.\",\"isbn\":\"978-1-5261-3681-7\",\"shorttitle\":\"Dramas at Westminster\",\"url\":\"https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.7765/9781526136817/html?lang=en\",\"abstract\":\"This is a book that provokes a debate about accountability in the House of Commons. Based on unprecedented access, it reveals different ways that MPs and officials interpret scrutiny. Some of their approaches are more conducive to effective scrutiny than others, which raises interesting questions about the effectiveness of Parliament.\",\"language\":\"en\",\"urldate\":\"2024-08-11\",\"publisher\":\"Manchester University Press\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Geddes\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Marc\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"month\":\"December\",\"year\":\"2019\",\"doi\":\"10.7765/9781526136817\",\"keywords\":\"British politics, House of Commons, Parliament, accountability, committees, interpretive political science, scrutiny\",\"bibtex\":\"@book{geddes_dramas_2019,\\n\\taddress = {Manchester, UK},\\n\\ttitle = {Dramas at {Westminster}: {Select} committees and the quest for accountability},\\n\\tcopyright = {De Gruyter expressly reserves the right to use all content for commercial text and data mining within the meaning of Section 44b of the German Copyright Act.},\\n\\tisbn = {978-1-5261-3681-7},\\n\\tshorttitle = {Dramas at {Westminster}},\\n\\turl = {https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.7765/9781526136817/html?lang=en},\\n\\tabstract = {This is a book that provokes a debate about accountability in the House of Commons. Based on unprecedented access, it reveals different ways that MPs and officials interpret scrutiny. Some of their approaches are more conducive to effective scrutiny than others, which raises interesting questions about the effectiveness of Parliament.},\\n\\tlanguage = {en},\\n\\turldate = {2024-08-11},\\n\\tpublisher = {Manchester University Press},\\n\\tauthor = {Geddes, Marc},\\n\\tmonth = dec,\\n\\tyear = {2019},\\n\\tdoi = {10.7765/9781526136817},\\n\\tkeywords = {British politics, House of Commons, Parliament, accountability, committees, interpretive political science, scrutiny},\\n}\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Geddes, M.\"],\"key\":\"geddes_dramas_2019\",\"id\":\"geddes_dramas_2019\",\"bibbaseid\":\"geddes-dramasatwestminsterselectcommitteesandthequestforaccountability-2019\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{\"Paper\":\"https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.7765/9781526136817/html?lang=en\"},\"keyword\":[\"British politics\",\"House of Commons\",\"Parliament\",\"accountability\",\"committees\",\"interpretive political science\",\"scrutiny\"],\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"book\",\"type\":\"book\",\"title\":\"Rooted Globalism: Arab–Latin American Business Elites and the Politics of Global Imaginaries\",\"isbn\":\"978-0-253-06253-6\",\"url\":\"http://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctv2nrz79t\",\"abstract\":\"Does the concept of nationality apply to the economic elite, or have they shed national identities to form a global capitalist class? In \\\\textlessem\\\\textgreaterRooted Globalism\\\\textless/em\\\\textgreater, Kevin Funk unpacks dozens of ethnographic interviews he conducted with Latin America's urban-based, Arab-descendant elite class, some of whom also occupy positions of political power in countries such as Argentina, Brazil, and Chile. Based on extensive fieldwork, Funk illuminates how these elites navigate their Arab ancestry, Latin American host cultures, and roles as protagonists of globalization. With the term \\\"rooted globalism,\\\" Funk captures the emergence of classed intersectional identities that are simultaneously local, national, transnational, and global. Focusing on an oft-ignored axis of South-South relations (between Latin America and the Arab world), \\\\textlessem\\\\textgreaterRooted Globalism\\\\textless/em\\\\textgreater provides detailed analysis of the identities, worldviews, and motivations of this group and ultimately reveals that rather than obliterating national identities, global capitalism relies on them.\",\"urldate\":\"2024-08-11\",\"publisher\":\"Indiana University Press\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Funk\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Kevin\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"year\":\"2022\",\"doi\":\"10.2307/j.ctv2nrz79t\",\"bibtex\":\"@book{funk_rooted_2022,\\n\\ttitle = {Rooted {Globalism}: {Arab}–{Latin} {American} {Business} {Elites} and the {Politics} of {Global} {Imaginaries}},\\n\\tisbn = {978-0-253-06253-6},\\n\\turl = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctv2nrz79t},\\n\\tabstract = {Does the concept of nationality apply to the economic elite, or have they shed national identities to form a global capitalist\\nclass?\\n\\nIn {\\\\textless}em{\\\\textgreater}Rooted Globalism{\\\\textless}/em{\\\\textgreater}, Kevin Funk unpacks dozens of\\nethnographic interviews he conducted with Latin America's\\nurban-based, Arab-descendant elite class, some of whom also occupy positions of political power in countries such as Argentina,\\nBrazil, and Chile. Based on extensive fieldwork, Funk illuminates how these elites navigate their Arab ancestry, Latin American host cultures, and roles as protagonists of globalization. With the term \\\"rooted globalism,\\\" Funk captures the emergence of classed\\nintersectional identities that are simultaneously local, national, transnational, and global.\\n\\nFocusing on an oft-ignored axis of South-South relations\\n(between Latin America and the Arab world), {\\\\textless}em{\\\\textgreater}Rooted\\nGlobalism{\\\\textless}/em{\\\\textgreater} provides detailed analysis of the identities,\\nworldviews, and motivations of this group and ultimately reveals\\nthat rather than obliterating national identities, global\\ncapitalism relies on them.},\\n\\turldate = {2024-08-11},\\n\\tpublisher = {Indiana University Press},\\n\\tauthor = {Funk, Kevin},\\n\\tyear = {2022},\\n\\tdoi = {10.2307/j.ctv2nrz79t},\\n}\\n\\n\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Funk, K.\"],\"key\":\"funk_rooted_2022\",\"id\":\"funk_rooted_2022\",\"bibbaseid\":\"funk-rootedglobalismarablatinamericanbusinesselitesandthepoliticsofglobalimaginaries-2022\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{\"Paper\":\"http://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctv2nrz79t\"},\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"book\",\"type\":\"book\",\"title\":\"Show Time: The Logic and Power of Violent Display\",\"isbn\":\"978-1-5017-5854-6\",\"url\":\"http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.7591/j.ctv1ffpcwm\",\"abstract\":\"\\\\textlessstrong\\\\textgreaterIn\\\\textless/strong\\\\textgreater \\\\textlessstrong\\\\textgreater\\\\textlessem\\\\textgreaterShow Time\\\\textless/em\\\\textgreater\\\\textless/strong\\\\textgreater \\\\textlessstrong\\\\textgreater, Lee Ann Fujii asks why some perpetrators of political violence, from lynch mobs to genocidal killers, display their acts of violence so publicly and extravagantly.\\\\textless/strong\\\\textgreater Closely examining three horrific and extreme episodes-the murder of a prominent Tutsi family amidst the genocide in Rwanda, the execution of Muslim men in a Serb-controlled village in Bosnia during the Balkan Wars, and the lynching of a twenty-two-year old Black farmhand on Maryland's Eastern Shore in 1933-Fujii shows how \\\"violent displays\\\" are staged to not merely to kill those perceived to be enemies or threats, but also to affect and influence observers, neighbors, and the larger society. Watching and participating in these violent displays profoundly transforms those involved, reinforcing political identities, social hierarchies, and power structures. Such public spectacles of violence also force members of the community to choose sides-openly show support for the goals of the violence, or risk becoming victims, themselves. Tracing the ways in which public displays of violence unfold, \\\\textlessem\\\\textgreaterShow Time\\\\textless/em\\\\textgreater reveals how the perpetrators exploit the fluidity of social ties for their own ends.\",\"urldate\":\"2024-08-11\",\"publisher\":\"Cornell University Press\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Fujii\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Lee\",\"Ann\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Wood\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Elisabeth\",\"Jean\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"editor\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Finnemore\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Martha\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"year\":\"2021\",\"bibtex\":\"@book{fujii_show_2021,\\n\\ttitle = {Show {Time}: {The} {Logic} and {Power} of {Violent} {Display}},\\n\\tisbn = {978-1-5017-5854-6},\\n\\turl = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.7591/j.ctv1ffpcwm},\\n\\tabstract = {{\\\\textless}strong{\\\\textgreater}In{\\\\textless}/strong{\\\\textgreater} {\\\\textless}strong{\\\\textgreater}{\\\\textless}em{\\\\textgreater}Show Time{\\\\textless}/em{\\\\textgreater}{\\\\textless}/strong{\\\\textgreater}\\n{\\\\textless}strong{\\\\textgreater}, Lee Ann Fujii asks why some perpetrators of political\\nviolence, from lynch mobs to genocidal killers, display their acts of violence so publicly and extravagantly.{\\\\textless}/strong{\\\\textgreater} Closely\\nexamining three horrific and extreme episodes-the murder of a\\nprominent Tutsi family amidst the genocide in Rwanda, the execution of Muslim men in a Serb-controlled village in Bosnia during the\\nBalkan Wars, and the lynching of a twenty-two-year old Black\\nfarmhand on Maryland's Eastern Shore in 1933-Fujii shows how\\n\\\"violent displays\\\" are staged to not merely to kill those perceived to be enemies or threats, but also to affect and influence\\nobservers, neighbors, and the larger society.\\n\\nWatching and participating in these violent displays profoundly\\ntransforms those involved, reinforcing political identities, social hierarchies, and power structures. Such public spectacles of\\nviolence also force members of the community to choose sides-openly show support for the goals of the violence, or risk becoming\\nvictims, themselves. Tracing the ways in which public displays of violence unfold, {\\\\textless}em{\\\\textgreater}Show Time{\\\\textless}/em{\\\\textgreater} reveals how the perpetrators\\nexploit the fluidity of social ties for their own ends.},\\n\\turldate = {2024-08-11},\\n\\tpublisher = {Cornell University Press},\\n\\tauthor = {Fujii, Lee Ann and Wood, Elisabeth Jean},\\n\\teditor = {Finnemore, Martha},\\n\\tyear = {2021},\\n}\\n\\n\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Fujii, L. A.\",\"Wood, E. J.\"],\"editor_short\":[\"Finnemore, M.\"],\"key\":\"fujii_show_2021-1\",\"id\":\"fujii_show_2021-1\",\"bibbaseid\":\"fujii-wood-showtimethelogicandpowerofviolentdisplay-2021\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{\"Paper\":\"http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.7591/j.ctv1ffpcwm\"},\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"article\",\"type\":\"article\",\"title\":\"The Puzzle of Extra-Lethal Violence\",\"volume\":\"11\",\"issn\":\"1537-5927\",\"url\":\"https://www.jstor.org/stable/43280796\",\"abstract\":\"This article proposes the concept \\\"extra-lethal violence\\\" to focus analytic attention on the acts of physical, face-to-face violence that transgress shared norms about the proper treatment of persons and bodies. Examples of extra-lethal violence include forcing victims to dance and sing before killing them, souvenir-taking and mutilation. The main puzzle of extra-lethal violence is why it occurs at all given the time and effort it takes to enact such brutalities and the potential repercussions perpetrators risk by doing so. Current approaches cannot account for this puzzle because extra-lethal violence seems to follow a different logic from strategic calculation. To investigate one alternative logic—the logic of display—the article proposes a performative analytic framework. A performative lens focuses attention on the process by which actors stage violence for graphic effect. It highlights the range of roles, participants, and activities that contribute to the production process as a whole. To demonstrate the value of a performative approach, the article applies this framework to three very different extra-lethal episodes: the massacre at My Lai during the Vietnam War, the rape and killing of two women during the Rwandan genocide, and a lynching that took place in rural Maryland. The article concludes by sketching a typology of performance processes and by considering the policy implications of this type of theorizing and knowledge.\",\"number\":\"2\",\"urldate\":\"2024-08-11\",\"journal\":\"Perspectives on Politics\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Fujii\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Lee\",\"Ann\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"year\":\"2013\",\"note\":\"Publisher: [American Political Science Association, Cambridge University Press]\",\"pages\":\"410–426\",\"bibtex\":\"@article{fujii_puzzle_2013,\\n\\ttitle = {The {Puzzle} of {Extra}-{Lethal} {Violence}},\\n\\tvolume = {11},\\n\\tissn = {1537-5927},\\n\\turl = {https://www.jstor.org/stable/43280796},\\n\\tabstract = {This article proposes the concept \\\"extra-lethal violence\\\" to focus analytic attention on the acts of physical, face-to-face violence that transgress shared norms about the proper treatment of persons and bodies. Examples of extra-lethal violence include forcing victims to dance and sing before killing them, souvenir-taking and mutilation. The main puzzle of extra-lethal violence is why it occurs at all given the time and effort it takes to enact such brutalities and the potential repercussions perpetrators risk by doing so. Current approaches cannot account for this puzzle because extra-lethal violence seems to follow a different logic from strategic calculation. To investigate one alternative logic—the logic of display—the article proposes a performative analytic framework. A performative lens focuses attention on the process by which actors stage violence for graphic effect. It highlights the range of roles, participants, and activities that contribute to the production process as a whole. To demonstrate the value of a performative approach, the article applies this framework to three very different extra-lethal episodes: the massacre at My Lai during the Vietnam War, the rape and killing of two women during the Rwandan genocide, and a lynching that took place in rural Maryland. The article concludes by sketching a typology of performance processes and by considering the policy implications of this type of theorizing and knowledge.},\\n\\tnumber = {2},\\n\\turldate = {2024-08-11},\\n\\tjournal = {Perspectives on Politics},\\n\\tauthor = {Fujii, Lee Ann},\\n\\tyear = {2013},\\n\\tnote = {Publisher: [American Political Science Association, Cambridge University Press]},\\n\\tpages = {410--426},\\n}\\n\\n\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Fujii, L. A.\"],\"key\":\"fujii_puzzle_2013\",\"id\":\"fujii_puzzle_2013\",\"bibbaseid\":\"fujii-thepuzzleofextralethalviolence-2013\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{\"Paper\":\"https://www.jstor.org/stable/43280796\"},\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"article\",\"type\":\"article\",\"title\":\"Shades of truth and lies: Interpreting testimonies of war and violence\",\"volume\":\"47\",\"issn\":\"0022-3433\",\"shorttitle\":\"Shades of truth and lies\",\"url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1177/0022343309353097\",\"doi\":\"10.1177/0022343309353097\",\"abstract\":\"How should researchers treat questions of veracity when conducting interviews in settings rent by large-scale violence, such as war and genocide? To what extent should researchers trust narratives that are generated in politically sensitive contexts? The article argues that the value of narrative data does not lie solely in their truthfulness or accuracy; it also lies in the meta-data that accompany these testimonies. Meta-data are informants’ spoken and unspoken thoughts and feelings which they do not always articulate in their stories or interview responses, but which emerge in other ways. This article identifies and analyzes five types of meta-data: rumors, inventions, denials, evasions, and silences. The article argues that meta-data are not extraneous to our datasets, they are data and should be viewed as integral to the processes of data collection and analysis. Meta-data indicate how conditions in the present shape what people are willing to say about violence in the past, what they have reason to embellish or minimize, and what they prefer to keep to themselves. Attending to meta-data is important for responding to informants’ fears about talking to a researcher and to ensure informants’ safety after the researcher leaves the field. It is also crucial for the robustness of researchers’ theories and knowledge about political violence and other political phenomena. The article draws from the author’s nine months of fieldwork in Rwanda in 2004, as well as the literature on conflict and violence from political science, anthropology, history, and sociology.\",\"language\":\"en\",\"number\":\"2\",\"urldate\":\"2024-08-11\",\"journal\":\"Journal of Peace Research\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Fujii\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Lee\",\"Ann\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"month\":\"March\",\"year\":\"2010\",\"note\":\"Publisher: SAGE Publications Ltd\",\"pages\":\"231–241\",\"bibtex\":\"@article{fujii_shades_2010,\\n\\ttitle = {Shades of truth and lies: {Interpreting} testimonies of war and violence},\\n\\tvolume = {47},\\n\\tissn = {0022-3433},\\n\\tshorttitle = {Shades of truth and lies},\\n\\turl = {https://doi.org/10.1177/0022343309353097},\\n\\tdoi = {10.1177/0022343309353097},\\n\\tabstract = {How should researchers treat questions of veracity when conducting interviews in settings rent by large-scale violence, such as war and genocide? To what extent should researchers trust narratives that are generated in politically sensitive contexts? The article argues that the value of narrative data does not lie solely in their truthfulness or accuracy; it also lies in the meta-data that accompany these testimonies. Meta-data are informants’ spoken and unspoken thoughts and feelings which they do not always articulate in their stories or interview responses, but which emerge in other ways. This article identifies and analyzes five types of meta-data: rumors, inventions, denials, evasions, and silences. The article argues that meta-data are not extraneous to our datasets, they are data and should be viewed as integral to the processes of data collection and analysis. Meta-data indicate how conditions in the present shape what people are willing to say about violence in the past, what they have reason to embellish or minimize, and what they prefer to keep to themselves. Attending to meta-data is important for responding to informants’ fears about talking to a researcher and to ensure informants’ safety after the researcher leaves the field. It is also crucial for the robustness of researchers’ theories and knowledge about political violence and other political phenomena. The article draws from the author’s nine months of fieldwork in Rwanda in 2004, as well as the literature on conflict and violence from political science, anthropology, history, and sociology.},\\n\\tlanguage = {en},\\n\\tnumber = {2},\\n\\turldate = {2024-08-11},\\n\\tjournal = {Journal of Peace Research},\\n\\tauthor = {Fujii, Lee Ann},\\n\\tmonth = mar,\\n\\tyear = {2010},\\n\\tnote = {Publisher: SAGE Publications Ltd},\\n\\tpages = {231--241},\\n}\\n\\n\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Fujii, L. A.\"],\"key\":\"fujii_shades_2010\",\"id\":\"fujii_shades_2010\",\"bibbaseid\":\"fujii-shadesoftruthandliesinterpretingtestimoniesofwarandviolence-2010\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{\"Paper\":\"https://doi.org/10.1177/0022343309353097\"},\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"article\",\"type\":\"article\",\"title\":\"The Power of Local Ties: Popular Participation in the Rwandan Genocide\",\"volume\":\"17\",\"issn\":\"0963-6412\",\"shorttitle\":\"The Power of Local Ties\",\"url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1080/09636410802319578\",\"doi\":\"10.1080/09636410802319578\",\"abstract\":\"How do ordinary people come to commit genocide against their neighbors? Ethnicity-based approaches cannot explain the different pathways that lead to mass violence or the different forms that participation takes over time and place. In Rwanda, different processes and mechanisms led some to join in the carnage while others resisted. Utilizing Mark Granovetter's concept of “social embeddedness,” this article argues that social ties and immediate social context better explain the processes through which ordinary people came to commit mass murder in Rwanda. Leaders used family ties to target male relatives for recruitment into the killing groups, which were responsible for carrying out the genocide. Ties among members of the killing groups helped to initiate reluctant or hesitant members into committing violence with the group. Finally, ties of friendship attenuated murderous actions, leading killers to help save Tutsi in specific contexts. Which ties became salient depended on the context. In the presence of the killing group or authority(ies), low-level participants (a group I call “Joiners”) tended to go along with the violence. Alone, Joiners often made different choices. The findings in this article are based on data collected during nine months of fieldwork in two rural communities and two central prisons in Rwanda.\",\"number\":\"3\",\"urldate\":\"2024-08-11\",\"journal\":\"Security Studies\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Fujii\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Lee\",\"Ann\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"month\":\"September\",\"year\":\"2008\",\"note\":\"Publisher: Routledge _eprint: https://doi.org/10.1080/09636410802319578\",\"pages\":\"568–597\",\"bibtex\":\"@article{fujii_power_2008,\\n\\ttitle = {The {Power} of {Local} {Ties}: {Popular} {Participation} in the {Rwandan} {Genocide}},\\n\\tvolume = {17},\\n\\tissn = {0963-6412},\\n\\tshorttitle = {The {Power} of {Local} {Ties}},\\n\\turl = {https://doi.org/10.1080/09636410802319578},\\n\\tdoi = {10.1080/09636410802319578},\\n\\tabstract = {How do ordinary people come to commit genocide against their neighbors? Ethnicity-based approaches cannot explain the different pathways that lead to mass violence or the different forms that participation takes over time and place. In Rwanda, different processes and mechanisms led some to join in the carnage while others resisted. Utilizing Mark Granovetter's concept of “social embeddedness,” this article argues that social ties and immediate social context better explain the processes through which ordinary people came to commit mass murder in Rwanda. Leaders used family ties to target male relatives for recruitment into the killing groups, which were responsible for carrying out the genocide. Ties among members of the killing groups helped to initiate reluctant or hesitant members into committing violence with the group. Finally, ties of friendship attenuated murderous actions, leading killers to help save Tutsi in specific contexts. Which ties became salient depended on the context. In the presence of the killing group or authority(ies), low-level participants (a group I call “Joiners”) tended to go along with the violence. Alone, Joiners often made different choices. The findings in this article are based on data collected during nine months of fieldwork in two rural communities and two central prisons in Rwanda.},\\n\\tnumber = {3},\\n\\turldate = {2024-08-11},\\n\\tjournal = {Security Studies},\\n\\tauthor = {Fujii, Lee Ann},\\n\\tmonth = sep,\\n\\tyear = {2008},\\n\\tnote = {Publisher: Routledge\\n\\\\_eprint: https://doi.org/10.1080/09636410802319578},\\n\\tpages = {568--597},\\n}\\n\\n\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Fujii, L. A.\"],\"key\":\"fujii_power_2008\",\"id\":\"fujii_power_2008\",\"bibbaseid\":\"fujii-thepoweroflocaltiespopularparticipationintherwandangenocide-2008\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{\"Paper\":\"https://doi.org/10.1080/09636410802319578\"},\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"article\",\"type\":\"article\",\"title\":\"The Politics of Sight: Revisiting Timothy Pachirat’s Every Twelve Seconds\",\"volume\":\"116\",\"issn\":\"0003-0554, 1537-5943\",\"shorttitle\":\"The Politics of Sight\",\"url\":\"https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/american-political-science-review/article/abs/politics-of-sight-revisiting-timothy-pachirats-every-twelve-seconds/DA19A364BAD2CE7AE3D8562D56760150\",\"doi\":\"10.1017/S0003055421001192\",\"abstract\":\"In his ethnography of industrialized slaughter, Every Twelve Seconds, Timothy Pachirat coins a label to describe political interventions that use visibility as a catalyst for reform—the “politics of sight.” We argue that the politics of sight rests on three premises that are all mistaken or misspecified: (1) that exposing morally repugnant practices will make us see them, (2) that seeing such practices will stop us from acquiescing to them, and (3) that owning up to such practices is preferable to keeping them concealed. To develop our argument, we propose an alternative interpretation of Pachirat’s own ethnographic material informed by theories from social psychology—one that leads to a different critique of the politics of sight than the one Pachirat offers and to a different understanding of the conditions under which it can succeed. Methodologically, we seek to illustrate the value of reanalyzing interpretive research through close reading.\",\"language\":\"en\",\"number\":\"3\",\"urldate\":\"2024-08-11\",\"journal\":\"American Political Science Review\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"English\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Jasmine\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Zacka\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Bernardo\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"month\":\"August\",\"year\":\"2022\",\"pages\":\"1025–1037\",\"bibtex\":\"@article{english_politics_2022,\\n\\ttitle = {The {Politics} of {Sight}: {Revisiting} {Timothy} {Pachirat}’s {Every} {Twelve} {Seconds}},\\n\\tvolume = {116},\\n\\tissn = {0003-0554, 1537-5943},\\n\\tshorttitle = {The {Politics} of {Sight}},\\n\\turl = {https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/american-political-science-review/article/abs/politics-of-sight-revisiting-timothy-pachirats-every-twelve-seconds/DA19A364BAD2CE7AE3D8562D56760150},\\n\\tdoi = {10.1017/S0003055421001192},\\n\\tabstract = {In his ethnography of industrialized slaughter, Every Twelve Seconds, Timothy Pachirat coins a label to describe political interventions that use visibility as a catalyst for reform—the “politics of sight.” We argue that the politics of sight rests on three premises that are all mistaken or misspecified: (1) that exposing morally repugnant practices will make us see them, (2) that seeing such practices will stop us from acquiescing to them, and (3) that owning up to such practices is preferable to keeping them concealed. To develop our argument, we propose an alternative interpretation of Pachirat’s own ethnographic material informed by theories from social psychology—one that leads to a different critique of the politics of sight than the one Pachirat offers and to a different understanding of the conditions under which it can succeed. Methodologically, we seek to illustrate the value of reanalyzing interpretive research through close reading.},\\n\\tlanguage = {en},\\n\\tnumber = {3},\\n\\turldate = {2024-08-11},\\n\\tjournal = {American Political Science Review},\\n\\tauthor = {English, Jasmine and Zacka, Bernardo},\\n\\tmonth = aug,\\n\\tyear = {2022},\\n\\tpages = {1025--1037},\\n}\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"English, J.\",\"Zacka, B.\"],\"key\":\"english_politics_2022\",\"id\":\"english_politics_2022\",\"bibbaseid\":\"english-zacka-thepoliticsofsightrevisitingtimothypachiratseverytwelveseconds-2022\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{\"Paper\":\"https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/american-political-science-review/article/abs/politics-of-sight-revisiting-timothy-pachirats-every-twelve-seconds/DA19A364BAD2CE7AE3D8562D56760150\"},\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"article\",\"type\":\"article\",\"title\":\"Not so ‘Arm's Length’: Reinterpreting Agencies in Uk Central Government\",\"volume\":\"92\",\"copyright\":\"© 2014 John Wiley & Sons Ltd\",\"issn\":\"1467-9299\",\"shorttitle\":\"Not so ‘Arm's Length’\",\"url\":\"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/padm.12089\",\"doi\":\"10.1111/padm.12089\",\"abstract\":\"Administrative decentralization to government agencies (so-called ‘agencification’) has attracted much attention in recent years, increasingly for its longevity or evolution after the ‘high’ managerialism of the 1980s, and largely through a neo-positivist epistemology. Drawing on techniques of narrative and discourse analysis, and a model of incremental ideational change, this article identifies the necessity of supplementing those existing large-N analyses of agencification's expansion and decline with qualitative attention to the endurance of policy meaning. It demonstrates how the original foundations of managerialism, civil service empowerment and decentralization from the UK's seminal ‘Next Steps’ agency programme are eschewed in contemporary reform discourse, where agencification is instead advocated as centralized, politically proximate and departmentalized governance. This substantial reinterpretation of the arm's-length concept not only challenges existing claims of continuity in UK administrative policy, but also demonstrates the utility of interpretive methods for exploring longevity in public management more widely.\",\"language\":\"en\",\"number\":\"2\",\"urldate\":\"2024-08-11\",\"journal\":\"Public Administration\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Elston\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Thomas\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"year\":\"2014\",\"note\":\"_eprint: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/padm.12089\",\"pages\":\"458–476\",\"bibtex\":\"@article{elston_not_2014,\\n\\ttitle = {Not so ‘{Arm}'s {Length}’: {Reinterpreting} {Agencies} in {Uk} {Central} {Government}},\\n\\tvolume = {92},\\n\\tcopyright = {© 2014 John Wiley \\\\& Sons Ltd},\\n\\tissn = {1467-9299},\\n\\tshorttitle = {Not so ‘{Arm}'s {Length}’},\\n\\turl = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/padm.12089},\\n\\tdoi = {10.1111/padm.12089},\\n\\tabstract = {Administrative decentralization to government agencies (so-called ‘agencification’) has attracted much attention in recent years, increasingly for its longevity or evolution after the ‘high’ managerialism of the 1980s, and largely through a neo-positivist epistemology. Drawing on techniques of narrative and discourse analysis, and a model of incremental ideational change, this article identifies the necessity of supplementing those existing large-N analyses of agencification's expansion and decline with qualitative attention to the endurance of policy meaning. It demonstrates how the original foundations of managerialism, civil service empowerment and decentralization from the UK's seminal ‘Next Steps’ agency programme are eschewed in contemporary reform discourse, where agencification is instead advocated as centralized, politically proximate and departmentalized governance. This substantial reinterpretation of the arm's-length concept not only challenges existing claims of continuity in UK administrative policy, but also demonstrates the utility of interpretive methods for exploring longevity in public management more widely.},\\n\\tlanguage = {en},\\n\\tnumber = {2},\\n\\turldate = {2024-08-11},\\n\\tjournal = {Public Administration},\\n\\tauthor = {Elston, Thomas},\\n\\tyear = {2014},\\n\\tnote = {\\\\_eprint: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/padm.12089},\\n\\tpages = {458--476},\\n}\\n\\n\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Elston, T.\"],\"key\":\"elston_not_2014\",\"id\":\"elston_not_2014\",\"bibbaseid\":\"elston-notsoarmslengthreinterpretingagenciesinukcentralgovernment-2014\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{\"Paper\":\"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/padm.12089\"},\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"article\",\"type\":\"article\",\"title\":\"What do we know about public attitudes towards experts? Reviewing survey data in the United Kingdom and European Union\",\"volume\":\"28\",\"issn\":\"0963-6625\",\"shorttitle\":\"What do we know about public attitudes towards experts?\",\"url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1177/0963662519852038\",\"doi\":\"10.1177/0963662519852038\",\"abstract\":\"Recent developments in contemporary politics have cast doubt on the status of expertise and led to the oft-repeated claim that the public have had enough of experts. In response, we review existing survey measures on experts and expertise in the European Union and United Kingdom with three main findings. First, there is insufficient survey data available to strongly support any claims regarding public attitudes to experts. Second, the evidence that does exist suggests broadly positive public attitudes towards experts, rather than the somewhat bleak commentary associated with descriptions of a ‘post-truth’ era. Third, there is scope for survey questions to provide improved macro-level descriptions of some of the attributes and expectations associated with experts, and that concepts from the academic literature can provide structure for such questions. Survey data has the potential to complement more granular, qualitative approaches as part of an interpretive social science approach.\",\"language\":\"en\",\"number\":\"6\",\"urldate\":\"2024-08-11\",\"journal\":\"Public Understanding of Science\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Dommett\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Katharine\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Pearce\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Warren\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"month\":\"August\",\"year\":\"2019\",\"note\":\"Publisher: SAGE Publications Ltd\",\"pages\":\"669–678\",\"bibtex\":\"@article{dommett_what_2019,\\n\\ttitle = {What do we know about public attitudes towards experts? {Reviewing} survey data in the {United} {Kingdom} and {European} {Union}},\\n\\tvolume = {28},\\n\\tissn = {0963-6625},\\n\\tshorttitle = {What do we know about public attitudes towards experts?},\\n\\turl = {https://doi.org/10.1177/0963662519852038},\\n\\tdoi = {10.1177/0963662519852038},\\n\\tabstract = {Recent developments in contemporary politics have cast doubt on the status of expertise and led to the oft-repeated claim that the public have had enough of experts. In response, we review existing survey measures on experts and expertise in the European Union and United Kingdom with three main findings. First, there is insufficient survey data available to strongly support any claims regarding public attitudes to experts. Second, the evidence that does exist suggests broadly positive public attitudes towards experts, rather than the somewhat bleak commentary associated with descriptions of a ‘post-truth’ era. Third, there is scope for survey questions to provide improved macro-level descriptions of some of the attributes and expectations associated with experts, and that concepts from the academic literature can provide structure for such questions. Survey data has the potential to complement more granular, qualitative approaches as part of an interpretive social science approach.},\\n\\tlanguage = {en},\\n\\tnumber = {6},\\n\\turldate = {2024-08-11},\\n\\tjournal = {Public Understanding of Science},\\n\\tauthor = {Dommett, Katharine and Pearce, Warren},\\n\\tmonth = aug,\\n\\tyear = {2019},\\n\\tnote = {Publisher: SAGE Publications Ltd},\\n\\tpages = {669--678},\\n}\\n\\n\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Dommett, K.\",\"Pearce, W.\"],\"key\":\"dommett_what_2019\",\"id\":\"dommett_what_2019\",\"bibbaseid\":\"dommett-pearce-whatdoweknowaboutpublicattitudestowardsexpertsreviewingsurveydataintheunitedkingdomandeuropeanunion-2019\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{\"Paper\":\"https://doi.org/10.1177/0963662519852038\"},\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"article\",\"type\":\"article\",\"title\":\"Hydraulic fracturing as an interpretive policy problem: lessons on energy controversies in Europe and the U.S.A.\",\"volume\":\"19\",\"issn\":\"1523-908X\",\"shorttitle\":\"Hydraulic fracturing as an interpretive policy problem\",\"url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1080/1523908X.2016.1277947\",\"doi\":\"10.1080/1523908X.2016.1277947\",\"abstract\":\"This special issue addresses hydraulic fracturing for shale gas extraction as an interpretive policy problem. Bringing together empirical cases from the U.S.A., the Netherlands, the U.K., Poland, and Germany, we identify three approaches to the interpretation of hydraulic fracturing in the article: understanding its meaning, contextual explanation of the institutionalization of its meaning, and policy design as intervention to alter its meaning. By exploring differences and similarities across these cases, we identified two central tensions in the meaning of shale gas in all cases: (1) economic opportunity or environmental threat and (2) transition toward a more carbon-free energy future or perpetuation of a fossil fuel system. We found that when actors shift the meaning of hydraulic fracturing to consider it predominantly an issue of threat, this explains the dominance of risk governance as an approach to managing the controversy. Alternately, when the meaning of fracking shifts from consideration as an economic opportunity or a bridge fuel to consideration of it as a barrier to an energy transition, this explains the decision to ban fracking. Therefore, a comparative assessment of the papers demonstrates the ways interpretive dimensions of politics can influence the governance of public policy.\",\"number\":\"1\",\"urldate\":\"2024-08-11\",\"journal\":\"Journal of Environmental Policy & Planning\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Dodge\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Jennifer\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Metze\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Tamara\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"month\":\"January\",\"year\":\"2017\",\"note\":\"Publisher: Routledge _eprint: https://doi.org/10.1080/1523908X.2016.1277947\",\"keywords\":\"Shale gas, boundary work, discourse coalition, fracking, interpretive policy analysis\",\"pages\":\"1–13\",\"bibtex\":\"@article{dodge_hydraulic_2017,\\n\\ttitle = {Hydraulic fracturing as an interpretive policy problem: lessons on energy controversies in {Europe} and the {U}.{S}.{A}.},\\n\\tvolume = {19},\\n\\tissn = {1523-908X},\\n\\tshorttitle = {Hydraulic fracturing as an interpretive policy problem},\\n\\turl = {https://doi.org/10.1080/1523908X.2016.1277947},\\n\\tdoi = {10.1080/1523908X.2016.1277947},\\n\\tabstract = {This special issue addresses hydraulic fracturing for shale gas extraction as an interpretive policy problem. Bringing together empirical cases from the U.S.A., the Netherlands, the U.K., Poland, and Germany, we identify three approaches to the interpretation of hydraulic fracturing in the article: understanding its meaning, contextual explanation of the institutionalization of its meaning, and policy design as intervention to alter its meaning. By exploring differences and similarities across these cases, we identified two central tensions in the meaning of shale gas in all cases: (1) economic opportunity or environmental threat and (2) transition toward a more carbon-free energy future or perpetuation of a fossil fuel system. We found that when actors shift the meaning of hydraulic fracturing to consider it predominantly an issue of threat, this explains the dominance of risk governance as an approach to managing the controversy. Alternately, when the meaning of fracking shifts from consideration as an economic opportunity or a bridge fuel to consideration of it as a barrier to an energy transition, this explains the decision to ban fracking. Therefore, a comparative assessment of the papers demonstrates the ways interpretive dimensions of politics can influence the governance of public policy.},\\n\\tnumber = {1},\\n\\turldate = {2024-08-11},\\n\\tjournal = {Journal of Environmental Policy \\\\& Planning},\\n\\tauthor = {Dodge, Jennifer and Metze, Tamara},\\n\\tmonth = jan,\\n\\tyear = {2017},\\n\\tnote = {Publisher: Routledge\\n\\\\_eprint: https://doi.org/10.1080/1523908X.2016.1277947},\\n\\tkeywords = {Shale gas, boundary work, discourse coalition, fracking, interpretive policy analysis},\\n\\tpages = {1--13},\\n}\\n\\n\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Dodge, J.\",\"Metze, T.\"],\"key\":\"dodge_hydraulic_2017\",\"id\":\"dodge_hydraulic_2017\",\"bibbaseid\":\"dodge-metze-hydraulicfracturingasaninterpretivepolicyproblemlessonsonenergycontroversiesineuropeandtheusa-2017\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{\"Paper\":\"https://doi.org/10.1080/1523908X.2016.1277947\"},\"keyword\":[\"Shale gas\",\"boundary work\",\"discourse coalition\",\"fracking\",\"interpretive policy analysis\"],\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"article\",\"type\":\"article\",\"title\":\"Civil society organizations and deliberative policy making: interpreting environmental controversies in the deliberative system\",\"volume\":\"47\",\"issn\":\"1573-0891\",\"shorttitle\":\"Civil society organizations and deliberative policy making\",\"url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11077-014-9200-y\",\"doi\":\"10.1007/s11077-014-9200-y\",\"abstract\":\"This paper argues that while research on deliberative democracy is burgeoning, there is relatively little attention paid to the contributions of civil society. Based on an interpretive conceptualization of deliberative democracy, this paper draws attention to the ways in which civil society organizations employ “storylines” about environmental issues and deliberative processes to shape deliberative policy making. It asks, how do civil society organizations promote storylines in the deliberative system to change policy? How do storylines constitute policy and policy-making processes in the deliberative system? I answer these questions through an empirical analysis of two environmental controversies in the USA: environmental justice in New Mexico and coalbed methane development in Wyoming. Findings indicate that civil society organizations used storylines in both cases to shift the dynamics of the deliberative system and to advance their own interpretations of environmental problems and policy-making processes. Specifically, they used storylines (1) to set the agenda on environmental hazards, (2) to construct the form of public deliberation, changing the rules of the game, (3) to construct the content of public deliberation, shaping meanings related to environmental policy, and (4) to couple/align forums, arenas and courts across the system. These findings suggest that promoting storylines through accommodation and selection processes can be an important mechanism for shaping policy meanings and for improving deliberative quality, although these effects are tempered by discursive and material forms of power, and the competition among alternative storylines.\",\"language\":\"en\",\"number\":\"2\",\"urldate\":\"2024-08-11\",\"journal\":\"Policy Sciences\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Dodge\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Jennifer\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"month\":\"June\",\"year\":\"2014\",\"keywords\":\"Civil society organizations, Deliberative democracy, Deliberative system, Environmental policy, Interpretive policy analysis, Narrative inquiry\",\"pages\":\"161–185\",\"bibtex\":\"@article{dodge_civil_2014,\\n\\ttitle = {Civil society organizations and deliberative policy making: interpreting environmental controversies in the deliberative system},\\n\\tvolume = {47},\\n\\tissn = {1573-0891},\\n\\tshorttitle = {Civil society organizations and deliberative policy making},\\n\\turl = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s11077-014-9200-y},\\n\\tdoi = {10.1007/s11077-014-9200-y},\\n\\tabstract = {This paper argues that while research on deliberative democracy is burgeoning, there is relatively little attention paid to the contributions of civil society. Based on an interpretive conceptualization of deliberative democracy, this paper draws attention to the ways in which civil society organizations employ “storylines” about environmental issues and deliberative processes to shape deliberative policy making. It asks, how do civil society organizations promote storylines in the deliberative system to change policy? How do storylines constitute policy and policy-making processes in the deliberative system? I answer these questions through an empirical analysis of two environmental controversies in the USA: environmental justice in New Mexico and coalbed methane development in Wyoming. Findings indicate that civil society organizations used storylines in both cases to shift the dynamics of the deliberative system and to advance their own interpretations of environmental problems and policy-making processes. Specifically, they used storylines (1) to set the agenda on environmental hazards, (2) to construct the form of public deliberation, changing the rules of the game, (3) to construct the content of public deliberation, shaping meanings related to environmental policy, and (4) to couple/align forums, arenas and courts across the system. These findings suggest that promoting storylines through accommodation and selection processes can be an important mechanism for shaping policy meanings and for improving deliberative quality, although these effects are tempered by discursive and material forms of power, and the competition among alternative storylines.},\\n\\tlanguage = {en},\\n\\tnumber = {2},\\n\\turldate = {2024-08-11},\\n\\tjournal = {Policy Sciences},\\n\\tauthor = {Dodge, Jennifer},\\n\\tmonth = jun,\\n\\tyear = {2014},\\n\\tkeywords = {Civil society organizations, Deliberative democracy, Deliberative system, Environmental policy, Interpretive policy analysis, Narrative inquiry},\\n\\tpages = {161--185},\\n}\\n\\n\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Dodge, J.\"],\"key\":\"dodge_civil_2014\",\"id\":\"dodge_civil_2014\",\"bibbaseid\":\"dodge-civilsocietyorganizationsanddeliberativepolicymakinginterpretingenvironmentalcontroversiesinthedeliberativesystem-2014\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{\"Paper\":\"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11077-014-9200-y\"},\"keyword\":[\"Civil society organizations\",\"Deliberative democracy\",\"Deliberative system\",\"Environmental policy\",\"Interpretive policy analysis\",\"Narrative inquiry\"],\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"downloads\":0,\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"article\",\"type\":\"article\",\"title\":\"Revisiting Religion: Development Studies Thirty Years On\",\"volume\":\"39\",\"issn\":\"0305-750X\",\"url\":\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0305750X10001269\",\"doi\":\"10.1016/j.worlddev.2010.05.007\",\"abstract\":\"Summary This paper re-assesses the treatment of religion in development studies 30 years after the publication of a special issue of World Development on “Religion and Development”. Given the changes in the social and political context, consideration of the subject of religion can no longer be avoided. The paper identifies two implications of this for development studies. First, the assumptions of secularization and secularism that supposedly define the relationships between religion, society, and politics have to be revisited. Second, development studies must recognize that religion is dynamic and heterogeneous. Both development studies and religion are concerned with the meaning of “progress” or a “better life,” implying that attention has to be given to social and historical processes of meaning creation, requiring a shift from positivist to interpretivist research methods. The paper concludes by looking at how consideration of religion is transforming development studies.\",\"number\":\"1\",\"journal\":\"World Development\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Deneulin\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Séverine\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Rakodi\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Carole\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"month\":\"January\",\"year\":\"2011\",\"keywords\":\"faith-based organizations, religion, research methods, secularism\",\"pages\":\"45–54\",\"bibtex\":\"@article{deneulin_revisiting_2011,\\n\\ttitle = {Revisiting {Religion}: {Development} {Studies} {Thirty} {Years} {On}},\\n\\tvolume = {39},\\n\\tissn = {0305-750X},\\n\\turl = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0305750X10001269},\\n\\tdoi = {10.1016/j.worlddev.2010.05.007},\\n\\tabstract = {Summary\\nThis paper re-assesses the treatment of religion in development studies 30 years after the publication of a special issue of World Development on “Religion and Development”. Given the changes in the social and political context, consideration of the subject of religion can no longer be avoided. The paper identifies two implications of this for development studies. First, the assumptions of secularization and secularism that supposedly define the relationships between religion, society, and politics have to be revisited. Second, development studies must recognize that religion is dynamic and heterogeneous. Both development studies and religion are concerned with the meaning of “progress” or a “better life,” implying that attention has to be given to social and historical processes of meaning creation, requiring a shift from positivist to interpretivist research methods. The paper concludes by looking at how consideration of religion is transforming development studies.},\\n\\tnumber = {1},\\n\\tjournal = {World Development},\\n\\tauthor = {Deneulin, Séverine and Rakodi, Carole},\\n\\tmonth = jan,\\n\\tyear = {2011},\\n\\tkeywords = {faith-based organizations, religion, research methods, secularism},\\n\\tpages = {45--54},\\n}\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Deneulin, S.\",\"Rakodi, C.\"],\"key\":\"deneulin_revisiting_2011\",\"id\":\"deneulin_revisiting_2011\",\"bibbaseid\":\"deneulin-rakodi-revisitingreligiondevelopmentstudiesthirtyyearson-2011\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{\"Paper\":\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0305750X10001269\"},\"keyword\":[\"faith-based organizations\",\"religion\",\"research methods\",\"secularism\"],\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"article\",\"type\":\"article\",\"title\":\"Constructing a ‘great’ role for Britain in an age of austerity: Interpreting coalition foreign policy, 2010–2015\",\"volume\":\"29\",\"issn\":\"0047-1178\",\"shorttitle\":\"Constructing a ‘great’ role for Britain in an age of austerity\",\"url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1177/0047117815600931\",\"doi\":\"10.1177/0047117815600931\",\"abstract\":\"This article interprets the ideational underpinnings of the British Conservative–Liberal coalition government’s foreign policy from 2010 to 2015. It uses qualitative discourse analysis of speeches, statements and policy documents to unpack the traditions of foreign policy thought which informed some of the key foreign policy practices of the coalition government. The analysis centres on the British identity constructed by liberal Conservatives, and the values and interests flowing from this baseline identity that the government’s foreign policy sought to express through its foreign policy. Liberal Conservative foreign policy is argued to have been an attempt to come to terms with the limits on Britain’s international agency in the face of three major foreign policy dilemmas: the legacy of the New Labour years, dramatically reduced economic resources in the ‘age of austerity’ and an increasingly restricted capacity for Britain to exercise ideational entrepreneurship in the international community. The article substantiates the claim in the extant literature that liberal Conservatism significantly adapted but did not restructure an established British foreign policy tradition of merging values and interests in complex ways.\",\"language\":\"en\",\"number\":\"3\",\"urldate\":\"2024-08-11\",\"journal\":\"International Relations\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Daddow\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Oliver\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"month\":\"September\",\"year\":\"2015\",\"note\":\"Publisher: SAGE Publications Ltd\",\"pages\":\"303–318\",\"bibtex\":\"@article{daddow_constructing_2015,\\n\\ttitle = {Constructing a ‘great’ role for {Britain} in an age of austerity: {Interpreting} coalition foreign policy, 2010–2015},\\n\\tvolume = {29},\\n\\tissn = {0047-1178},\\n\\tshorttitle = {Constructing a ‘great’ role for {Britain} in an age of austerity},\\n\\turl = {https://doi.org/10.1177/0047117815600931},\\n\\tdoi = {10.1177/0047117815600931},\\n\\tabstract = {This article interprets the ideational underpinnings of the British Conservative–Liberal coalition government’s foreign policy from 2010 to 2015. It uses qualitative discourse analysis of speeches, statements and policy documents to unpack the traditions of foreign policy thought which informed some of the key foreign policy practices of the coalition government. The analysis centres on the British identity constructed by liberal Conservatives, and the values and interests flowing from this baseline identity that the government’s foreign policy sought to express through its foreign policy. Liberal Conservative foreign policy is argued to have been an attempt to come to terms with the limits on Britain’s international agency in the face of three major foreign policy dilemmas: the legacy of the New Labour years, dramatically reduced economic resources in the ‘age of austerity’ and an increasingly restricted capacity for Britain to exercise ideational entrepreneurship in the international community. The article substantiates the claim in the extant literature that liberal Conservatism significantly adapted but did not restructure an established British foreign policy tradition of merging values and interests in complex ways.},\\n\\tlanguage = {en},\\n\\tnumber = {3},\\n\\turldate = {2024-08-11},\\n\\tjournal = {International Relations},\\n\\tauthor = {Daddow, Oliver},\\n\\tmonth = sep,\\n\\tyear = {2015},\\n\\tnote = {Publisher: SAGE Publications Ltd},\\n\\tpages = {303--318},\\n}\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Daddow, O.\"],\"key\":\"daddow_constructing_2015\",\"id\":\"daddow_constructing_2015\",\"bibbaseid\":\"daddow-constructingagreatroleforbritaininanageofausterityinterpretingcoalitionforeignpolicy20102015-2015\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{\"Paper\":\"https://doi.org/10.1177/0047117815600931\"},\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"book\",\"type\":\"book\",\"address\":\"Chicago, IL\",\"series\":\"Chicago Studies in American Politics\",\"title\":\"The Politics of Resentment: Rural Consciousness in Wisconsin and the Rise of Scott Walker\",\"isbn\":\"978-0-226-34911-4\",\"shorttitle\":\"The Politics of Resentment\",\"url\":\"https://press.uchicago.edu/ucp/books/book/chicago/P/bo22879533.html\",\"abstract\":\"Since the election of Scott Walker, Wisconsin has been seen as ground zero for debates about the appropriate role of government in the wake of the Great Recession. In a time of rising inequality, Walker not only survived a bitterly contested recall that brought thousands of protesters to Capitol Square, he was subsequently reelected. How could this happen? How is it that the very people who stand to benefit from strong government services not only vote against the candidates who support those services but are vehemently against the very idea of big government?             With The Politics of Resentment, Katherine J. Cramer uncovers an oft-overlooked piece of the puzzle: rural political consciousness and the resentment of the “liberal elite.” Rural voters are distrustful that politicians will respect the distinct values of their communities and allocate a fair share of resources. What can look like disagreements about basic political principles are therefore actually rooted in something even more fundamental: who we are as people and how closely a candidate’s social identity matches our own. Using Scott Walker and Wisconsin’s prominent and protracted debate about the appropriate role of government, Cramer illuminates the contours of rural consciousness, showing how place-based identities profoundly influence how people understand politics, regardless of whether urban politicians and their supporters really do shortchange or look down on those living in the country.The Politics of Resentment shows that rural resentment—no less than partisanship, race, or class—plays a major role in dividing America against itself.\",\"language\":\"en\",\"urldate\":\"2024-08-11\",\"publisher\":\"University of Chicago Press\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Cramer\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Katherine\",\"J.\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"month\":\"March\",\"year\":\"2016\",\"keywords\":\"21st century, american studies, arguments, conservatives, debate, division, governing, government, governor, great recession, inequality, journalism, liberal elite, listening, mass communication, perception, political science, politicians, politics, public services, republican party, resentment, right wing, right-leaning, rural areas, scott walker, social identity, united states of america, usa, wisconsin\",\"bibtex\":\"@book{cramer_politics_2016,\\n\\taddress = {Chicago, IL},\\n\\tseries = {Chicago {Studies} in {American} {Politics}},\\n\\ttitle = {The {Politics} of {Resentment}: {Rural} {Consciousness} in {Wisconsin} and the {Rise} of {Scott} {Walker}},\\n\\tisbn = {978-0-226-34911-4},\\n\\tshorttitle = {The {Politics} of {Resentment}},\\n\\turl = {https://press.uchicago.edu/ucp/books/book/chicago/P/bo22879533.html},\\n\\tabstract = {Since the election of Scott Walker, Wisconsin has been seen as ground zero for debates about the appropriate role of government in the wake of the Great Recession. In a time of rising inequality, Walker not only survived a bitterly contested recall that brought thousands of protesters to Capitol Square, he was subsequently reelected. How could this happen? How is it that the very people who stand to benefit from strong government services not only vote against the candidates who support those services but are vehemently against the very idea of big government?             With The Politics of Resentment, Katherine J. Cramer uncovers an oft-overlooked piece of the puzzle: rural political consciousness and the resentment of the “liberal elite.” Rural voters are distrustful that politicians will respect the distinct values of their communities and allocate a fair share of resources. What can look like disagreements about basic political principles are therefore actually rooted in something even more fundamental: who we are as people and how closely a candidate’s social identity matches our own. Using Scott Walker and Wisconsin’s prominent and protracted debate about the appropriate role of government, Cramer illuminates the contours of rural consciousness, showing how place-based identities profoundly influence how people understand politics, regardless of whether urban politicians and their supporters really do shortchange or look down on those living in the country.The Politics of Resentment shows that rural resentment—no less than partisanship, race, or class—plays a major role in dividing America against itself.},\\n\\tlanguage = {en},\\n\\turldate = {2024-08-11},\\n\\tpublisher = {University of Chicago Press},\\n\\tauthor = {Cramer, Katherine J.},\\n\\tmonth = mar,\\n\\tyear = {2016},\\n\\tkeywords = {21st century, american studies, arguments, conservatives, debate, division, governing, government, governor, great recession, inequality, journalism, liberal elite, listening, mass communication, perception, political science, politicians, politics, public services, republican party, resentment, right wing, right-leaning, rural areas, scott walker, social identity, united states of america, usa, wisconsin},\\n}\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Cramer, K. J.\"],\"key\":\"cramer_politics_2016\",\"id\":\"cramer_politics_2016\",\"bibbaseid\":\"cramer-thepoliticsofresentmentruralconsciousnessinwisconsinandtheriseofscottwalker-2016\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{\"Paper\":\"https://press.uchicago.edu/ucp/books/book/chicago/P/bo22879533.html\"},\"keyword\":[\"21st century\",\"american studies\",\"arguments\",\"conservatives\",\"debate\",\"division\",\"governing\",\"government\",\"governor\",\"great recession\",\"inequality\",\"journalism\",\"liberal elite\",\"listening\",\"mass communication\",\"perception\",\"political science\",\"politicians\",\"politics\",\"public services\",\"republican party\",\"resentment\",\"right wing\",\"right-leaning\",\"rural areas\",\"scott walker\",\"social identity\",\"united states of america\",\"usa\",\"wisconsin\"],\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"article\",\"type\":\"article\",\"title\":\"Capturing the Personal in Politics: Ethnographies of Global Environmental Governance\",\"volume\":\"14\",\"issn\":\"1526-3800\",\"shorttitle\":\"Capturing the Personal in Politics\",\"url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1162/GLEP_a_00237\",\"doi\":\"10.1162/GLEP_a_00237\",\"abstract\":\"In this article we elaborate on how we use collaborative event ethnography to study global environmental governance. We discuss how it builds on traditional forms of ethnography, as well as on approaches that use ethnography to study policy-making in multiple institutional and geographical sites. We argue that global environmental meetings and negotiations offer opportunities to study critical historical moments in the making of emergent regimes of global environmental governance, and that collaborative ethnography can capture the day-to-day practices that constitute policy paradigm shifts. In this method, the negotiations themselves are not the object of study, but rather how they reflect and transform relations of power in environmental governance. Finally, we propose a new approach to understanding and examining global environmental governance—one that views the ethnographic field as constituted by relationships across time and space that come together at sites such as meetings.\",\"number\":\"3\",\"urldate\":\"2024-08-11\",\"journal\":\"Global Environmental Politics\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Corson\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Catherine\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Campbell\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Lisa\",\"M.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"MacDonald\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Kenneth\",\"I.\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"month\":\"August\",\"year\":\"2014\",\"pages\":\"21–40\",\"bibtex\":\"@article{corson_capturing_2014,\\n\\ttitle = {Capturing the {Personal} in {Politics}: {Ethnographies} of {Global} {Environmental} {Governance}},\\n\\tvolume = {14},\\n\\tissn = {1526-3800},\\n\\tshorttitle = {Capturing the {Personal} in {Politics}},\\n\\turl = {https://doi.org/10.1162/GLEP_a_00237},\\n\\tdoi = {10.1162/GLEP_a_00237},\\n\\tabstract = {In this article we elaborate on how we use collaborative event ethnography to study global environmental governance. We discuss how it builds on traditional forms of ethnography, as well as on approaches that use ethnography to study policy-making in multiple institutional and geographical sites. We argue that global environmental meetings and negotiations offer opportunities to study critical historical moments in the making of emergent regimes of global environmental governance, and that collaborative ethnography can capture the day-to-day practices that constitute policy paradigm shifts. In this method, the negotiations themselves are not the object of study, but rather how they reflect and transform relations of power in environmental governance. Finally, we propose a new approach to understanding and examining global environmental governance—one that views the ethnographic field as constituted by relationships across time and space that come together at sites such as meetings.},\\n\\tnumber = {3},\\n\\turldate = {2024-08-11},\\n\\tjournal = {Global Environmental Politics},\\n\\tauthor = {Corson, Catherine and Campbell, Lisa M. and MacDonald, Kenneth I.},\\n\\tmonth = aug,\\n\\tyear = {2014},\\n\\tpages = {21--40},\\n}\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Corson, C.\",\"Campbell, L. M.\",\"MacDonald, K. I.\"],\"key\":\"corson_capturing_2014\",\"id\":\"corson_capturing_2014\",\"bibbaseid\":\"corson-campbell-macdonald-capturingthepersonalinpoliticsethnographiesofglobalenvironmentalgovernance-2014\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{\"Paper\":\"https://doi.org/10.1162/GLEP_a_00237\"},\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"article\",\"type\":\"article\",\"title\":\"Gender Myths and Feminist Fables: The Struggle for Interpretive Power in Gender and Development\",\"volume\":\"38\",\"issn\":\"1467-7660\",\"shorttitle\":\"Gender Myths and Feminist Fables\",\"url\":\"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1467-7660.2007.00400.x\",\"doi\":\"10.1111/j.1467-7660.2007.00400.x\",\"abstract\":\"Gender and development has grown enormously as a field over the last thirty years. In this introduction, we interrogate the ambivalence that underpins feminist engagement with development and examine what current dilemmas may suggest about the relationship between feminist knowledge and development practice. In recent years, there has been growing frustration with the simplistic slogans that have come to characterize much gender and development talk, and with the gap between professed intention and actual practice in policies and programmes. Questions are now being asked about what has become of ‘gender’ in development. This collection brings together critical reflections on some ideas about gender that have become especially resonant in development narratives, particularly those that entail popularization and the deployment of iconic images of women. This introduction explores more closely the issues raised by such myth-making, arguing that these myths stem from exigencies within the politics and practices of development bureaucracies, within the difficult politics of feminist engagement with development policy and practice and within feminist politics itself.\",\"language\":\"en\",\"number\":\"1\",\"urldate\":\"2024-08-11\",\"journal\":\"Development and Change\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Cornwall\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Andrea\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Harrison\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Elizabeth\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Whitehead\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Ann\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"year\":\"2007\",\"note\":\"_eprint: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/j.1467-7660.2007.00400.x\",\"pages\":\"1–20\",\"bibtex\":\"@article{cornwall_gender_2007,\\n\\ttitle = {Gender {Myths} and {Feminist} {Fables}: {The} {Struggle} for {Interpretive} {Power} in {Gender} and {Development}},\\n\\tvolume = {38},\\n\\tissn = {1467-7660},\\n\\tshorttitle = {Gender {Myths} and {Feminist} {Fables}},\\n\\turl = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1467-7660.2007.00400.x},\\n\\tdoi = {10.1111/j.1467-7660.2007.00400.x},\\n\\tabstract = {Gender and development has grown enormously as a field over the last thirty years. In this introduction, we interrogate the ambivalence that underpins feminist engagement with development and examine what current dilemmas may suggest about the relationship between feminist knowledge and development practice. In recent years, there has been growing frustration with the simplistic slogans that have come to characterize much gender and development talk, and with the gap between professed intention and actual practice in policies and programmes. Questions are now being asked about what has become of ‘gender’ in development. This collection brings together critical reflections on some ideas about gender that have become especially resonant in development narratives, particularly those that entail popularization and the deployment of iconic images of women. This introduction explores more closely the issues raised by such myth-making, arguing that these myths stem from exigencies within the politics and practices of development bureaucracies, within the difficult politics of feminist engagement with development policy and practice and within feminist politics itself.},\\n\\tlanguage = {en},\\n\\tnumber = {1},\\n\\turldate = {2024-08-11},\\n\\tjournal = {Development and Change},\\n\\tauthor = {Cornwall, Andrea and Harrison, Elizabeth and Whitehead, Ann},\\n\\tyear = {2007},\\n\\tnote = {\\\\_eprint: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/j.1467-7660.2007.00400.x},\\n\\tpages = {1--20},\\n}\\n\\n\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Cornwall, A.\",\"Harrison, E.\",\"Whitehead, A.\"],\"key\":\"cornwall_gender_2007\",\"id\":\"cornwall_gender_2007\",\"bibbaseid\":\"cornwall-harrison-whitehead-gendermythsandfeministfablesthestruggleforinterpretivepoweringenderanddevelopment-2007\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{\"Paper\":\"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1467-7660.2007.00400.x\"},\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"article\",\"type\":\"article\",\"title\":\"Shifting Sands: Interpreting ‘Developmental’ Leadership in the Pacific Islands\",\"volume\":\"40\",\"issn\":\"0803-9410\",\"shorttitle\":\"Shifting Sands\",\"url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1080/08039410.2013.799097\",\"doi\":\"10.1080/08039410.2013.799097\",\"abstract\":\"The capacity for leadership, including political leadership, to improve development outcomes has attracted recent interest within development studies and associated donor agencies. This new approach is a welcome critique of the broadly institutionalist outlook of the good governance agenda; however, there is a mismatch between the desire to ‘bring the agency back in’ and the commitment of the Developmental Leadership Programme's (DLP's) to positivism, and, despite claims to the contrary, structuralism. Instead, I argue that interpretivism, with its emphasis on the meanings and beliefs of human actors, can augment this approach by providing a fundamentally different view of the agency question that sits at the heart of the DLP's research programme. To illustrate this point, I draw from my own research into the life stories of politicians from the Pacific Islands. In contrast to the dead weight of multiple variables and formal laws, I find that political life is embedded within the distinctively human realm of interpersonal action and that while leaders implicitly believe in their own agency, they also commonly experience a sense of powerlessness that stems in no small part from the inherent contingency and uncertainty of all policy-making.\",\"number\":\"3\",\"urldate\":\"2024-08-11\",\"journal\":\"Forum for Development Studies\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Corbett\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Jack\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"month\":\"November\",\"year\":\"2013\",\"note\":\"Publisher: Routledge _eprint: https://doi.org/10.1080/08039410.2013.799097\",\"keywords\":\"Pacific Islands, developmental leadership, framing, interpretivism, mobilising metaphors, storylines\",\"pages\":\"491–509\",\"bibtex\":\"@article{corbett_shifting_2013,\\n\\ttitle = {Shifting {Sands}: {Interpreting} ‘{Developmental}’ {Leadership} in the {Pacific} {Islands}},\\n\\tvolume = {40},\\n\\tissn = {0803-9410},\\n\\tshorttitle = {Shifting {Sands}},\\n\\turl = {https://doi.org/10.1080/08039410.2013.799097},\\n\\tdoi = {10.1080/08039410.2013.799097},\\n\\tabstract = {The capacity for leadership, including political leadership, to improve development outcomes has attracted recent interest within development studies and associated donor agencies. This new approach is a welcome critique of the broadly institutionalist outlook of the good governance agenda; however, there is a mismatch between the desire to ‘bring the agency back in’ and the commitment of the Developmental Leadership Programme's (DLP's) to positivism, and, despite claims to the contrary, structuralism. Instead, I argue that interpretivism, with its emphasis on the meanings and beliefs of human actors, can augment this approach by providing a fundamentally different view of the agency question that sits at the heart of the DLP's research programme. To illustrate this point, I draw from my own research into the life stories of politicians from the Pacific Islands. In contrast to the dead weight of multiple variables and formal laws, I find that political life is embedded within the distinctively human realm of interpersonal action and that while leaders implicitly believe in their own agency, they also commonly experience a sense of powerlessness that stems in no small part from the inherent contingency and uncertainty of all policy-making.},\\n\\tnumber = {3},\\n\\turldate = {2024-08-11},\\n\\tjournal = {Forum for Development Studies},\\n\\tauthor = {Corbett, Jack},\\n\\tmonth = nov,\\n\\tyear = {2013},\\n\\tnote = {Publisher: Routledge\\n\\\\_eprint: https://doi.org/10.1080/08039410.2013.799097},\\n\\tkeywords = {Pacific Islands, developmental leadership, framing, interpretivism, mobilising metaphors, storylines},\\n\\tpages = {491--509},\\n}\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Corbett, J.\"],\"key\":\"corbett_shifting_2013\",\"id\":\"corbett_shifting_2013\",\"bibbaseid\":\"corbett-shiftingsandsinterpretingdevelopmentalleadershipinthepacificislands-2013\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{\"Paper\":\"https://doi.org/10.1080/08039410.2013.799097\"},\"keyword\":[\"Pacific Islands\",\"developmental leadership\",\"framing\",\"interpretivism\",\"mobilising metaphors\",\"storylines\"],\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"article\",\"type\":\"article\",\"title\":\"The importance of interpretive social science to promoting renewable energy and sustainable development\",\"volume\":\"2\",\"copyright\":\"cc_by_nc_nd_4\",\"url\":\"http://dx.doi.org/10.21622/RESD.2016.02.2.068\",\"language\":\"en\",\"number\":\"2\",\"urldate\":\"2024-08-11\",\"journal\":\"Renewable Energy & Sustainable Development\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Connelly\"],\"firstnames\":[\"S.\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"month\":\"July\",\"year\":\"2016\",\"note\":\"Num Pages: 2 Number: 2 Publisher: Arab Academy for Science, Technology, and Maritime Transport\",\"pages\":\"68–69\",\"bibtex\":\"@article{connelly_importance_2016,\\n\\ttitle = {The importance of interpretive social science to promoting renewable energy and sustainable development},\\n\\tvolume = {2},\\n\\tcopyright = {cc\\\\_by\\\\_nc\\\\_nd\\\\_4},\\n\\turl = {http://dx.doi.org/10.21622/RESD.2016.02.2.068},\\n\\tlanguage = {en},\\n\\tnumber = {2},\\n\\turldate = {2024-08-11},\\n\\tjournal = {Renewable Energy \\\\& Sustainable Development},\\n\\tauthor = {Connelly, S.},\\n\\tmonth = jul,\\n\\tyear = {2016},\\n\\tnote = {Num Pages: 2\\nNumber: 2\\nPublisher: Arab Academy for Science, Technology, and Maritime Transport},\\n\\tpages = {68--69},\\n}\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Connelly, S.\"],\"key\":\"connelly_importance_2016\",\"id\":\"connelly_importance_2016\",\"bibbaseid\":\"connelly-theimportanceofinterpretivesocialsciencetopromotingrenewableenergyandsustainabledevelopment-2016\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{\"Paper\":\"http://dx.doi.org/10.21622/RESD.2016.02.2.068\"},\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"incollection\",\"type\":\"incollection\",\"address\":\"Cambridge\",\"title\":\"Motives and methods: using multi-sited ethnography to study US national security discourses\",\"isbn\":\"978-0-521-86115-1\",\"shorttitle\":\"Motives and methods\",\"url\":\"https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/feminist-methodologies-for-international-relations/motives-and-methods-using-multisited-ethnography-to-study-us-national-security-discourses/035CDE84D9127E50F1920D7DDBD29580\",\"abstract\":\"I needed an approach that didn't require bad guys with bad attitudes … an approach that would let you look at the nature of the way the whole thing was put together.(Hacker 1990)Follow the metaphorI embarked on my research on gender and security in the mid-1980s, during the height of the Cold War and the so-called “nuclear arms race” between the USA and the Soviet Union. The manufacture and stockpiling of tens of thousands of nuclear weapons, the quest for more “useable nukes” and more “survivable” weapons delivery systems – all of it seemed so wildly irrational to me that I was consumed by the questions: “How can they do this? How can they even think this way?”Initially, those questions were more expressions of moral anguish and political despair than anything I might have ever thought of as “a good research question.” However, the intensity of my concern led me to take an opportunity to learn about nuclear weapons from some of the men who made their living thinking about nuclear weaponry and strategy. And that experience, my first close encounter with the discursive universe of national security elites, ultimately led me into an extensive, multi-sited study of the role of gender in shaping US national security paradigms, policies, and practices (Cohn, forthcoming). This chapter is a reflection on the methodological choices I made in the course of that study.\",\"urldate\":\"2024-08-11\",\"booktitle\":\"Feminist Methodologies for International Relations\",\"publisher\":\"Cambridge University Press\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Cohn\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Carol\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"editor\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Ackerly\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Brooke\",\"A.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"True\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Jacqui\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Stern\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Maria\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"year\":\"2006\",\"doi\":\"10.1017/CBO9780511617690.007\",\"pages\":\"91–107\",\"bibtex\":\"@incollection{ackerly_motives_2006,\\n\\taddress = {Cambridge},\\n\\ttitle = {Motives and methods: using multi-sited ethnography to study {US} national security discourses},\\n\\tisbn = {978-0-521-86115-1},\\n\\tshorttitle = {Motives and methods},\\n\\turl = {https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/feminist-methodologies-for-international-relations/motives-and-methods-using-multisited-ethnography-to-study-us-national-security-discourses/035CDE84D9127E50F1920D7DDBD29580},\\n\\tabstract = {I needed an approach that didn't require bad guys with bad attitudes … an approach that would let you look at the nature of the way the whole thing was put together.(Hacker 1990)Follow the metaphorI embarked on my research on gender and security in the mid-1980s, during the height of the Cold War and the so-called “nuclear arms race” between the USA and the Soviet Union. The manufacture and stockpiling of tens of thousands of nuclear weapons, the quest for more “useable nukes” and more “survivable” weapons delivery systems – all of it seemed so wildly irrational to me that I was consumed by the questions: “How can they do this? How can they even think this way?”Initially, those questions were more expressions of moral anguish and political despair than anything I might have ever thought of as “a good research question.” However, the intensity of my concern led me to take an opportunity to learn about nuclear weapons from some of the men who made their living thinking about nuclear weaponry and strategy. And that experience, my first close encounter with the discursive universe of national security elites, ultimately led me into an extensive, multi-sited study of the role of gender in shaping US national security paradigms, policies, and practices (Cohn, forthcoming). This chapter is a reflection on the methodological choices I made in the course of that study.},\\n\\turldate = {2024-08-11},\\n\\tbooktitle = {Feminist {Methodologies} for {International} {Relations}},\\n\\tpublisher = {Cambridge University Press},\\n\\tauthor = {Cohn, Carol},\\n\\teditor = {Ackerly, Brooke A. and True, Jacqui and Stern, Maria},\\n\\tyear = {2006},\\n\\tdoi = {10.1017/CBO9780511617690.007},\\n\\tpages = {91--107},\\n}\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Cohn, C.\"],\"editor_short\":[\"Ackerly, B. A.\",\"True, J.\",\"Stern, M.\"],\"key\":\"ackerly_motives_2006\",\"id\":\"ackerly_motives_2006\",\"bibbaseid\":\"cohn-motivesandmethodsusingmultisitedethnographytostudyusnationalsecuritydiscourses-2006\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{\"Paper\":\"https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/feminist-methodologies-for-international-relations/motives-and-methods-using-multisited-ethnography-to-study-us-national-security-discourses/035CDE84D9127E50F1920D7DDBD29580\"},\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"article\",\"type\":\"article\",\"title\":\"Rule-of-Law Ethnography\",\"volume\":\"14\",\"issn\":\"1550-3585, 1550-3631\",\"url\":\"https://www.annualreviews.org/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-lawsocsci-101317-030900\",\"doi\":\"10.1146/annurev-lawsocsci-101317-030900\",\"abstract\":\"This review outlines an emerging agenda for ethnographic interpretation of the rule of law. From a survey of studies done on the rule of law in Africa, Asia, Europe, and the Americas, the review identifies four general characteristics of this mode of inquiry, namely, that it is located, relational, and comparative and has extrinsic value. It offers three nonexhaustive reasons for interpreting the rule of law ethnographically, which are as a counterhegemonic practice, in response to counterintuitive observations, and as a means to do constitutive theorizing. Contending that ethnographic work on the rule of law involves some kind of stance toward both research subjects and object of inquiry, the review advocates for the exercise of passionate humility: a conviction about the rule of law tempered by willingness to be proven wrong through inquiries in critical proximity with socially and politically mediated facts. Rule-of-law ethnography&apos;s possibility lies in its attending to the relationship between what is claimed in the rule of law&apos;s name and what is realized, not to make the idea look foolish, but to show how it emerges and why it persists through struggle.\",\"language\":\"en\",\"number\":\"Volume 14, 2018\",\"urldate\":\"2024-08-11\",\"journal\":\"Annual Review of Law and Social Science\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Cheesman\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Nick\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"month\":\"October\",\"year\":\"2018\",\"note\":\"Publisher: Annual Reviews\",\"pages\":\"167–184\",\"bibtex\":\"@article{cheesman_rule--law_2018,\\n\\ttitle = {Rule-of-{Law} {Ethnography}},\\n\\tvolume = {14},\\n\\tissn = {1550-3585, 1550-3631},\\n\\turl = {https://www.annualreviews.org/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-lawsocsci-101317-030900},\\n\\tdoi = {10.1146/annurev-lawsocsci-101317-030900},\\n\\tabstract = {This review outlines an emerging agenda for ethnographic interpretation of the rule of law. From a survey of studies done on the rule of law in Africa, Asia, Europe, and the Americas, the review identifies four general characteristics of this mode of inquiry, namely, that it is located, relational, and comparative and has extrinsic value. It offers three nonexhaustive reasons for interpreting the rule of law ethnographically, which are as a counterhegemonic practice, in response to counterintuitive observations, and as a means to do constitutive theorizing. Contending that ethnographic work on the rule of law involves some kind of stance toward both research subjects and object of inquiry, the review advocates for the exercise of passionate humility: a conviction about the rule of law tempered by willingness to be proven wrong through inquiries in critical proximity with socially and politically mediated facts. Rule-of-law ethnography\\\\&apos;s possibility lies in its attending to the relationship between what is claimed in the rule of law\\\\&apos;s name and what is realized, not to make the idea look foolish, but to show how it emerges and why it persists through struggle.},\\n\\tlanguage = {en},\\n\\tnumber = {Volume 14, 2018},\\n\\turldate = {2024-08-11},\\n\\tjournal = {Annual Review of Law and Social Science},\\n\\tauthor = {Cheesman, Nick},\\n\\tmonth = oct,\\n\\tyear = {2018},\\n\\tnote = {Publisher: Annual Reviews},\\n\\tpages = {167--184},\\n}\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Cheesman, N.\"],\"key\":\"cheesman_rule--law_2018-1\",\"id\":\"cheesman_rule--law_2018-1\",\"bibbaseid\":\"cheesman-ruleoflawethnography-2018\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{\"Paper\":\"https://www.annualreviews.org/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-lawsocsci-101317-030900\"},\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"book\",\"type\":\"book\",\"address\":\"Cambridge\",\"series\":\"Cambridge Studies in Law and Society\",\"title\":\"Opposing the Rule of Law: How Myanmar's Courts Make Law and Order\",\"isbn\":\"978-1-107-08318-9\",\"shorttitle\":\"Opposing the Rule of Law\",\"url\":\"https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/opposing-the-rule-of-law/BB87CE496A4603D02E94A6400FC3E16C\",\"abstract\":\"The rule of law is a political ideal today endorsed and promoted worldwide. Or is it? In a significant contribution to the field, Nick Cheesman argues that Myanmar is a country in which the rule of law is 'lexically present but semantically absent'. Charting ideas and practices from British colonial rule through military dictatorship to the present day, Cheesman calls upon political and legal theory to explain how and why institutions animated by a concern for law and order oppose the rule of law. Empirically grounded in both Burmese and English sources, including criminal trial records and wide ranging official documents, Opposing the Rule of Law offers the first significant study of courts in contemporary Myanmar. It sheds new light on the politics of courts during dark times and sharply illuminates the tension between the demand for law and the imperatives of order.\",\"urldate\":\"2024-08-11\",\"publisher\":\"Cambridge University Press\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Cheesman\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Nick\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"year\":\"2015\",\"doi\":\"10.1017/CBO9781316014936\",\"bibtex\":\"@book{cheesman_opposing_2015,\\n\\taddress = {Cambridge},\\n\\tseries = {Cambridge {Studies} in {Law} and {Society}},\\n\\ttitle = {Opposing the {Rule} of {Law}: {How} {Myanmar}'s {Courts} {Make} {Law} and {Order}},\\n\\tisbn = {978-1-107-08318-9},\\n\\tshorttitle = {Opposing the {Rule} of {Law}},\\n\\turl = {https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/opposing-the-rule-of-law/BB87CE496A4603D02E94A6400FC3E16C},\\n\\tabstract = {The rule of law is a political ideal today endorsed and promoted worldwide. Or is it? In a significant contribution to the field, Nick Cheesman argues that Myanmar is a country in which the rule of law is 'lexically present but semantically absent'. Charting ideas and practices from British colonial rule through military dictatorship to the present day, Cheesman calls upon political and legal theory to explain how and why institutions animated by a concern for law and order oppose the rule of law. Empirically grounded in both Burmese and English sources, including criminal trial records and wide ranging official documents, Opposing the Rule of Law offers the first significant study of courts in contemporary Myanmar. It sheds new light on the politics of courts during dark times and sharply illuminates the tension between the demand for law and the imperatives of order.},\\n\\turldate = {2024-08-11},\\n\\tpublisher = {Cambridge University Press},\\n\\tauthor = {Cheesman, Nick},\\n\\tyear = {2015},\\n\\tdoi = {10.1017/CBO9781316014936},\\n}\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Cheesman, N.\"],\"key\":\"cheesman_opposing_2015\",\"id\":\"cheesman_opposing_2015\",\"bibbaseid\":\"cheesman-opposingtheruleoflawhowmyanmarscourtsmakelawandorder-2015\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{\"Paper\":\"https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/opposing-the-rule-of-law/BB87CE496A4603D02E94A6400FC3E16C\"},\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"article\",\"type\":\"article\",\"title\":\"Making sense of the politics in the climate change loss & damage debate\",\"volume\":\"64\",\"issn\":\"0959-3780\",\"url\":\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0959378020307160\",\"doi\":\"10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2020.102133\",\"abstract\":\"The Warsaw International Mechanism for Loss and Damage (L&D) associated with Climate Change Impacts (WIM) was established in 2013 to advance i) knowledge generation; ii) coordination and iii) support to address losses and damages under the UNFCCC. So far, the work undertaken by the WIM Executive Committee (ExCom) has focused on enhancing understanding and awareness of the issue and promoting collaboration with relevant stakeholders. Delivering on the WIM’s third function on action and support has lagged behind, and ‘the political’ nature of L&D has often been blamed for this. Key terrains of contention among Parties have included the positioning of L&D governance vis-à-vis the adaptation space and struggles around state liability and compensation. As a way to facilitate discussion on implementation options, recent research has suggested de-politicising aspects of the L&D debate; yet we have very little insight into how the politics are understood within the realm of international L&D governance. This paper brings an analysis of ‘the political’ into the picture by identifying the complex and underlying issues that fuel contention within UNFCCC L&D negotiations. It gives centre stage to the way different framings of norms and material interests affect the debate, and challenges the tendency in current L&D literature to overlook the socio-historical and political underpinnings of this area of policy-making. We employ a qualitative multi-methods research design which draws on content analysis of 138 official Parties’ submissions and statements, 14 elite interviews with key current and former L&D negotiators and is built on a foundation of 3 years of participant observation at COPs and WIM meetings. We approach this data with a political ethnographic sensibility that seeks to explore how meanings are constructed within and across different sources of data. Our empirical results show that, rather than being a monolithic dispute, L&D catalyses different yet intertwined unresolved discussions. We identify five areas of contention, including continued disputes around compensation; conflicts on the legitimacy of L&D as a third pillar of climate action; tensions between the technical and political dimension of the debate; debates over accountability for losses and damages incurred; and the connection of L&D with other unresolved issues under the Convention.\",\"urldate\":\"2024-08-11\",\"journal\":\"Global Environmental Change\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Calliari\"],\"firstnames\":[\"E.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Serdeczny\"],\"firstnames\":[\"O.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Vanhala\"],\"firstnames\":[\"L.\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"month\":\"September\",\"year\":\"2020\",\"keywords\":\"International relations, Loss and damage, Multi-methods, Negotiations, Political ethnography, Politics, UNFCCC\",\"pages\":\"102133\",\"bibtex\":\"@article{calliari_making_2020,\\n\\ttitle = {Making sense of the politics in the climate change loss \\\\& damage debate},\\n\\tvolume = {64},\\n\\tissn = {0959-3780},\\n\\turl = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0959378020307160},\\n\\tdoi = {10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2020.102133},\\n\\tabstract = {The Warsaw International Mechanism for Loss and Damage (L\\\\&D) associated with Climate Change Impacts (WIM) was established in 2013 to advance i) knowledge generation; ii) coordination and iii) support to address losses and damages under the UNFCCC. So far, the work undertaken by the WIM Executive Committee (ExCom) has focused on enhancing understanding and awareness of the issue and promoting collaboration with relevant stakeholders. Delivering on the WIM’s third function on action and support has lagged behind, and ‘the political’ nature of L\\\\&D has often been blamed for this. Key terrains of contention among Parties have included the positioning of L\\\\&D governance vis-à-vis the adaptation space and struggles around state liability and compensation. As a way to facilitate discussion on implementation options, recent research has suggested de-politicising aspects of the L\\\\&D debate; yet we have very little insight into how the politics are understood within the realm of international L\\\\&D governance. This paper brings an analysis of ‘the political’ into the picture by identifying the complex and underlying issues that fuel contention within UNFCCC L\\\\&D negotiations. It gives centre stage to the way different framings of norms and material interests affect the debate, and challenges the tendency in current L\\\\&D literature to overlook the socio-historical and political underpinnings of this area of policy-making. We employ a qualitative multi-methods research design which draws on content analysis of 138 official Parties’ submissions and statements, 14 elite interviews with key current and former L\\\\&D negotiators and is built on a foundation of 3 years of participant observation at COPs and WIM meetings. We approach this data with a political ethnographic sensibility that seeks to explore how meanings are constructed within and across different sources of data. Our empirical results show that, rather than being a monolithic dispute, L\\\\&D catalyses different yet intertwined unresolved discussions. We identify five areas of contention, including continued disputes around compensation; conflicts on the legitimacy of L\\\\&D as a third pillar of climate action; tensions between the technical and political dimension of the debate; debates over accountability for losses and damages incurred; and the connection of L\\\\&D with other unresolved issues under the Convention.},\\n\\turldate = {2024-08-11},\\n\\tjournal = {Global Environmental Change},\\n\\tauthor = {Calliari, E. and Serdeczny, O. and Vanhala, L.},\\n\\tmonth = sep,\\n\\tyear = {2020},\\n\\tkeywords = {International relations, Loss and damage, Multi-methods, Negotiations, Political ethnography, Politics, UNFCCC},\\n\\tpages = {102133},\\n}\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Calliari, E.\",\"Serdeczny, O.\",\"Vanhala, L.\"],\"key\":\"calliari_making_2020\",\"id\":\"calliari_making_2020\",\"bibbaseid\":\"calliari-serdeczny-vanhala-makingsenseofthepoliticsintheclimatechangelossdamagedebate-2020\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{\"Paper\":\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0959378020307160\"},\"keyword\":[\"International relations\",\"Loss and damage\",\"Multi-methods\",\"Negotiations\",\"Political ethnography\",\"Politics\",\"UNFCCC\"],\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"article\",\"type\":\"article\",\"title\":\"On Interpretivism and International Law\",\"volume\":\"20\",\"issn\":\"0938-5428\",\"url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1093/ejil/chp038\",\"doi\":\"10.1093/ejil/chp038\",\"abstract\":\"This article argues for the relevance of interpretivism within theoretical and normative debates about international law. To do this, the article carries out two tasks. First, it draws out the central features of interpretivism that make it a theoretically distinct contribution to understanding the nature and theory of law. Secondly, it identifies four important objections, two external and two internal, to the relevance of interpretivism to international law. External objections stem from positivism and anti-essentialism about international law. Internal objections, on the other hand, stem from the view that international law does not suit the application of interpretivism. I show that it is possible to counter all four and conclude by pointing to the nature of future work that needs to be undertaken to develop a substantive interpretivist account of international law.\",\"number\":\"3\",\"urldate\":\"2024-08-11\",\"journal\":\"European Journal of International Law\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Çali\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Başak\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"month\":\"August\",\"year\":\"2009\",\"pages\":\"805–822\",\"bibtex\":\"@article{cali_interpretivism_2009,\\n\\ttitle = {On {Interpretivism} and {International} {Law}},\\n\\tvolume = {20},\\n\\tissn = {0938-5428},\\n\\turl = {https://doi.org/10.1093/ejil/chp038},\\n\\tdoi = {10.1093/ejil/chp038},\\n\\tabstract = {This article argues for the relevance of interpretivism within theoretical and normative debates about international law. To do this, the article carries out two tasks. First, it draws out the central features of interpretivism that make it a theoretically distinct contribution to understanding the nature and theory of law. Secondly, it identifies four important objections, two external and two internal, to the relevance of interpretivism to international law. External objections stem from positivism and anti-essentialism about international law. Internal objections, on the other hand, stem from the view that international law does not suit the application of interpretivism. I show that it is possible to counter all four and conclude by pointing to the nature of future work that needs to be undertaken to develop a substantive interpretivist account of international law.},\\n\\tnumber = {3},\\n\\turldate = {2024-08-11},\\n\\tjournal = {European Journal of International Law},\\n\\tauthor = {Çali, Başak},\\n\\tmonth = aug,\\n\\tyear = {2009},\\n\\tpages = {805--822},\\n}\\n\\n\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Çali, B.\"],\"key\":\"cali_interpretivism_2009\",\"id\":\"cali_interpretivism_2009\",\"bibbaseid\":\"ali-oninterpretivismandinternationallaw-2009\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{\"Paper\":\"https://doi.org/10.1093/ejil/chp038\"},\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"incollection\",\"type\":\"incollection\",\"address\":\"New York, N.Y\",\"title\":\"Hierarchy and hybridity: the internal postcolonialism of mid-nineteenth-century American expansionism\",\"isbn\":\"978-0-203-62602-3\",\"shorttitle\":\"Hierarchy and hybridity\",\"url\":\"https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9780203626023-5/hierarchy-hybridity-internal-postcolonialism-mid-nineteenth-century-american-expansionism-kevin-bruyneel\",\"abstract\":\"One does not need to look far and wide in contemporary U.S. politics to locate anti-immigrant discourse directed at, especially, Mexican immigrants and by correlation Mexican Americans. In particular, Congressman Tom Tancredo (R-CO) and Cable News Network anchor Lou Dobbs have led the way in articulating an anti-immigrant political discourse that envisions Mexicans, in particular, as a force that threatens American nation-space by transgressing U.S. borders and laws, challenging American national identity by waving Mexican flags at rallies, and, in some cases seeking to “re-conquer” American territory. In all, a consistent demand of these anti-immigrant voices is for Mexicans in the United States to “go back to where they came from.” 1 Along with being racist and nationalist, this political discourse is generally ahistorical, masking the complicated relationship between state, space, and identity that has constituted the Mexican and Mexican-American relationship to U.S. politics and American nationhood. This chapter does not refer to the contemporary situation directly, but, rather, seeks to shed light on the colonialist relationship between race and U.S. political development as it concerns Mexicans and Mexican Americans. Shedding light is the appropriate term here, as the approach I employ in this chapter offers a way to make visible the colonialist practices woven into American nation- and state-building over time. Specifically, I read the story of mid-nineteenth century American expansionism as one of neither simple exploitation nor inclusion, but rather as a reflection of what I call the internal postcolonial dynamics of U.S. nation-building, where racial hierarchies are persistent but not static, subject to hybridic developments in racial identity and relations over time.\",\"language\":\"en\",\"urldate\":\"2024-08-11\",\"booktitle\":\"Race and American Political Development\",\"publisher\":\"Routledge\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Bruyneel\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Kevin\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"editor\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Novkov\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Julie\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Warren\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Dorian\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Lowndes\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Joseph\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"year\":\"2008\",\"doi\":\"10.4324/9780203626023-5\",\"pages\":\"117–135\",\"bibtex\":\"@incollection{bruyneel_hierarchy_2008,\\n\\taddress = {New York, N.Y},\\n\\ttitle = {Hierarchy and hybridity: the internal postcolonialism of mid-nineteenth-century {American} expansionism},\\n\\tisbn = {978-0-203-62602-3},\\n\\tshorttitle = {Hierarchy and hybridity},\\n\\turl = {https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9780203626023-5/hierarchy-hybridity-internal-postcolonialism-mid-nineteenth-century-american-expansionism-kevin-bruyneel},\\n\\tabstract = {One does not need to look far and wide in contemporary U.S. politics to locate anti-immigrant discourse directed at, especially, Mexican immigrants and by correlation Mexican Americans. In particular, Congressman Tom Tancredo (R-CO) and Cable News Network anchor Lou Dobbs have led the way in articulating an anti-immigrant political discourse that envisions Mexicans, in particular, as a force that threatens American nation-space by transgressing U.S. borders and laws, challenging American national identity by waving Mexican flags at rallies, and, in some cases seeking to “re-conquer” American territory. In all, a consistent demand of these anti-immigrant voices is for Mexicans in the United States to “go back to where they came from.” 1 Along with being racist and nationalist, this political discourse is generally ahistorical, masking the complicated relationship between state, space, and identity that has constituted the Mexican and Mexican-American relationship to U.S. politics and American nationhood. This chapter does not refer to the contemporary situation directly, but, rather, seeks to shed light on the colonialist relationship between race and U.S. political development as it concerns Mexicans and Mexican Americans. Shedding light is the appropriate term here, as the approach I employ in this chapter offers a way to make visible the colonialist practices woven into American nation- and state-building over time. Specifically, I read the story of mid-nineteenth century American expansionism as one of neither simple exploitation nor inclusion, but rather as a reflection of what I call the internal postcolonial dynamics of U.S. nation-building, where racial hierarchies are persistent but not static, subject to hybridic developments in racial identity and relations over time.},\\n\\tlanguage = {en},\\n\\turldate = {2024-08-11},\\n\\tbooktitle = {Race and {American} {Political} {Development}},\\n\\tpublisher = {Routledge},\\n\\tauthor = {Bruyneel, Kevin},\\n\\teditor = {Novkov, Julie and Warren, Dorian and Lowndes, Joseph},\\n\\tyear = {2008},\\n\\tdoi = {10.4324/9780203626023-5},\\n\\tpages = {117--135},\\n}\\n\\n\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Bruyneel, K.\"],\"editor_short\":[\"Novkov, J.\",\"Warren, D.\",\"Lowndes, J.\"],\"key\":\"bruyneel_hierarchy_2008\",\"id\":\"bruyneel_hierarchy_2008\",\"bibbaseid\":\"bruyneel-hierarchyandhybriditytheinternalpostcolonialismofmidnineteenthcenturyamericanexpansionism-2008\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{\"Paper\":\"https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9780203626023-5/hierarchy-hybridity-internal-postcolonialism-mid-nineteenth-century-american-expansionism-kevin-bruyneel\"},\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"book\",\"type\":\"book\",\"address\":\"Minneapolis, MN\",\"title\":\"The Third Space of Sovereignty: The Postcolonial Politics of U.S.–Indigenous Relations\",\"isbn\":\"978-0-8166-5393-5\",\"shorttitle\":\"The Third Space of Sovereignty\",\"url\":\"https://muse.jhu.edu/pub/23/monograph/book/27663\",\"abstract\":\"The imposition of modern American colonial rule has defined U.S.–indigenous relations since the time of the American Civil War. In resistance, Kevin Bruyneel asserts, indigenous political actors work across American spatial and temporal boundaries, demanding rights and resources from the government while also challenging the imposition of colonial rule over their lives. This resistance engenders what he calls a “third space of sovereignty,” which resides neither inside nor outside the U.S. political system but rather exists on its boundaries, exposing both the practices and limitations of American colonial rule.   The Third Space of Sovereignty offers fresh insights on such topics as the crucial importance of the formal end of treaty-making in 1871, indigenous responses to the prospect of U.S. citizenship in the 1920s, native politics during the tumultuous civil rights era of the 1960s, the question of indigenousness in the special election of California’s governor in 2003, and the current issues surrounding gaming and casinos.  In this engaging and provocative work, Bruyneel shows how native political actors have effectively contested the narrow limits that the United States has imposed on indigenous people’s ability to define their identity and to develop economically and politically on their own terms. Kevin Bruyneel is assistant professor of politics at Babson College.\",\"urldate\":\"2024-08-11\",\"publisher\":\"University of Minnesota Press\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Bruyneel\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Kevin\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"year\":\"2007\",\"bibtex\":\"@book{bruyneel_third_2007,\\n\\taddress = {Minneapolis, MN},\\n\\ttitle = {The {Third} {Space} of {Sovereignty}: {The} {Postcolonial} {Politics} of {U}.{S}.–{Indigenous} {Relations}},\\n\\tisbn = {978-0-8166-5393-5},\\n\\tshorttitle = {The {Third} {Space} of {Sovereignty}},\\n\\turl = {https://muse.jhu.edu/pub/23/monograph/book/27663},\\n\\tabstract = {The imposition of modern American colonial rule has defined U.S.–indigenous relations since the time of the American Civil War. In resistance, Kevin Bruyneel asserts, indigenous political actors work across American spatial and temporal boundaries, demanding rights and resources from the government while also challenging the imposition of colonial rule over their lives. This resistance engenders what he calls a “third space of sovereignty,” which resides neither inside nor outside the U.S. political system but rather exists on its boundaries, exposing both the practices and limitations of American colonial rule.   The Third Space of Sovereignty offers fresh insights on such topics as the crucial importance of the formal end of treaty-making in 1871, indigenous responses to the prospect of U.S. citizenship in the 1920s, native politics during the tumultuous civil rights era of the 1960s, the question of indigenousness in the special election of California’s governor in 2003, and the current issues surrounding gaming and casinos.  In this engaging and provocative work, Bruyneel shows how native political actors have effectively contested the narrow limits that the United States has imposed on indigenous people’s ability to define their identity and to develop economically and politically on their own terms. Kevin Bruyneel is assistant professor of politics at Babson  College.},\\n\\turldate = {2024-08-11},\\n\\tpublisher = {University of Minnesota Press},\\n\\tauthor = {Bruyneel, Kevin},\\n\\tyear = {2007},\\n}\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Bruyneel, K.\"],\"key\":\"bruyneel_third_2007\",\"id\":\"bruyneel_third_2007\",\"bibbaseid\":\"bruyneel-thethirdspaceofsovereigntythepostcolonialpoliticsofusindigenousrelations-2007\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{\"Paper\":\"https://muse.jhu.edu/pub/23/monograph/book/27663\"},\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"article\",\"type\":\"article\",\"title\":\"State of the field: What can political ethnography tell us about anti-politics and democratic disaffection?\",\"volume\":\"58\",\"copyright\":\"© 2018 European Consortium for Political Research\",\"issn\":\"1475-6765\",\"shorttitle\":\"State of the field\",\"url\":\"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/1475-6765.12270\",\"doi\":\"10.1111/1475-6765.12270\",\"abstract\":\"This article adopts and reinvents the ethnographic approach to uncover what governing elites do, and how they respond to public disaffection. Although there is significant work on the citizens’ attitudes to the governing elite (the demand side) there is little work on how elites interpret and respond to public disaffection (the supply side). It is argued here that ethnography is the best available research method for collecting data on the supply side. The article tackles longstanding stereotypes in political science about the ethnographic method and what it is good for, and highlights how the innovative and varied practices of contemporary ethnography are ideally suited to shedding light into the ‘black box’ of elite politics. The potential pay-off is demonstrated with reference to important examples of elite ethnography from the margins of political science scholarship. The implications from these rich studies suggest a reorientation of how one understands the drivers of public disaffection and the role that political elites play in exacerbating cynicism and disappointment. The article concludes by pointing to the benefits to the discipline in embracing elite ethnography both to diversify the methodological toolkit in explaining the complex dynamics of disaffection, and to better enable engagement in renewed public debate about the political establishment.\",\"language\":\"en\",\"number\":\"1\",\"urldate\":\"2024-08-11\",\"journal\":\"European Journal of Political Research\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Boswell\"],\"firstnames\":[\"John\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Corbett\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Jack\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Dommett\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Kate\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Jennings\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Will\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Flinders\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Matthew\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Rhodes\"],\"firstnames\":[\"R.a.w.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Wood\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Matthew\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"year\":\"2019\",\"note\":\"_eprint: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/1475-6765.12270\",\"keywords\":\"democratic governance, disaffection, elites, ethnography\",\"pages\":\"56–71\",\"bibtex\":\"@article{boswell_state_2019,\\n\\ttitle = {State of the field: {What} can political ethnography tell us about anti-politics and democratic disaffection?},\\n\\tvolume = {58},\\n\\tcopyright = {© 2018 European Consortium for Political Research},\\n\\tissn = {1475-6765},\\n\\tshorttitle = {State of the field},\\n\\turl = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/1475-6765.12270},\\n\\tdoi = {10.1111/1475-6765.12270},\\n\\tabstract = {This article adopts and reinvents the ethnographic approach to uncover what governing elites do, and how they respond to public disaffection. Although there is significant work on the citizens’ attitudes to the governing elite (the demand side) there is little work on how elites interpret and respond to public disaffection (the supply side). It is argued here that ethnography is the best available research method for collecting data on the supply side. The article tackles longstanding stereotypes in political science about the ethnographic method and what it is good for, and highlights how the innovative and varied practices of contemporary ethnography are ideally suited to shedding light into the ‘black box’ of elite politics. The potential pay-off is demonstrated with reference to important examples of elite ethnography from the margins of political science scholarship. The implications from these rich studies suggest a reorientation of how one understands the drivers of public disaffection and the role that political elites play in exacerbating cynicism and disappointment. The article concludes by pointing to the benefits to the discipline in embracing elite ethnography both to diversify the methodological toolkit in explaining the complex dynamics of disaffection, and to better enable engagement in renewed public debate about the political establishment.},\\n\\tlanguage = {en},\\n\\tnumber = {1},\\n\\turldate = {2024-08-11},\\n\\tjournal = {European Journal of Political Research},\\n\\tauthor = {Boswell, John and Corbett, Jack and Dommett, Kate and Jennings, Will and Flinders, Matthew and Rhodes, R.a.w. and Wood, Matthew},\\n\\tyear = {2019},\\n\\tnote = {\\\\_eprint: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/1475-6765.12270},\\n\\tkeywords = {democratic governance, disaffection, elites, ethnography},\\n\\tpages = {56--71},\\n}\\n\\n\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Boswell, J.\",\"Corbett, J.\",\"Dommett, K.\",\"Jennings, W.\",\"Flinders, M.\",\"Rhodes, R.\",\"Wood, M.\"],\"key\":\"boswell_state_2019\",\"id\":\"boswell_state_2019\",\"bibbaseid\":\"boswell-corbett-dommett-jennings-flinders-rhodes-wood-stateofthefieldwhatcanpoliticalethnographytellusaboutantipoliticsanddemocraticdisaffection-2019\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{\"Paper\":\"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/1475-6765.12270\"},\"keyword\":[\"democratic governance\",\"disaffection\",\"elites\",\"ethnography\"],\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"article\",\"type\":\"article\",\"title\":\"Democracy, Interpretation, and the “Problem” of Conceptual Ambiguity: Reflections on the V-Dem Project’s Struggles with Operationalizing Deliberative Democracy\",\"volume\":\"53\",\"issn\":\"0032-3497\",\"shorttitle\":\"Democracy, Interpretation, and the “Problem” of Conceptual Ambiguity\",\"url\":\"https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/abs/10.1086/713173\",\"doi\":\"10.1086/713173\",\"abstract\":\"Democracy is a notoriously ambiguous concept. Political scientists typically see this ambiguity as a problem that restricts measurement and causal explanation, especially for the comparative study of democratization. Increasingly ambitious data collection efforts and sophisticated methodological approaches attempt to resolve this problem—nowhere more so than in the recent, award-winning, and highly prominent Varieties of Democracy (V-Dem) dataset. By contrast, ambiguity and contestation over what democracy actually means is key both to normative theorizing and to the capacity to re-examine and reimagine democratic practice during moments of crisis. Rather than attempting to pin down and measure democratic quality, we highlight instead the value of ambiguity to normative democratic theory and interpretive political science. We offer four reflections on V-Dem based on examples from the literature on deliberative democracy, which is the discipline’s most prominent attempt to reinvent and reinvigorate democratic practice amid crisis and disaffection. Our aim is not to reignite the paradigm wars or fundamentally question the validity of projects like V-Dem, but rather to illustrate how a more plural approach might augment their theoretical and empirical contribution. We conclude by offering concrete illustrations of what this might look like in practice.\",\"number\":\"2\",\"urldate\":\"2024-08-11\",\"journal\":\"Polity\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Boswell\"],\"firstnames\":[\"John\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Corbett\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Jack\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"month\":\"April\",\"year\":\"2021\",\"note\":\"Publisher: The University of Chicago Press\",\"keywords\":\"V-Dem, concept formation, deliberative democracy, democracy, democratization\",\"pages\":\"239–263\",\"bibtex\":\"@article{boswell_democracy_2021,\\n\\ttitle = {Democracy, {Interpretation}, and the “{Problem}” of {Conceptual} {Ambiguity}: {Reflections} on the {V}-{Dem} {Project}’s {Struggles} with {Operationalizing} {Deliberative} {Democracy}},\\n\\tvolume = {53},\\n\\tissn = {0032-3497},\\n\\tshorttitle = {Democracy, {Interpretation}, and the “{Problem}” of {Conceptual} {Ambiguity}},\\n\\turl = {https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/abs/10.1086/713173},\\n\\tdoi = {10.1086/713173},\\n\\tabstract = {Democracy is a notoriously ambiguous concept. Political scientists typically see this ambiguity as a problem that restricts measurement and causal explanation, especially for the comparative study of democratization. Increasingly ambitious data collection efforts and sophisticated methodological approaches attempt to resolve this problem—nowhere more so than in the recent, award-winning, and highly prominent Varieties of Democracy (V-Dem) dataset. By contrast, ambiguity and contestation over what democracy actually means is key both to normative theorizing and to the capacity to re-examine and reimagine democratic practice during moments of crisis. Rather than attempting to pin down and measure democratic quality, we highlight instead the value of ambiguity to normative democratic theory and interpretive political science. We offer four reflections on V-Dem based on examples from the literature on deliberative democracy, which is the discipline’s most prominent attempt to reinvent and reinvigorate democratic practice amid crisis and disaffection. Our aim is not to reignite the paradigm wars or fundamentally question the validity of projects like V-Dem, but rather to illustrate how a more plural approach might augment their theoretical and empirical contribution. We conclude by offering concrete illustrations of what this might look like in practice.},\\n\\tnumber = {2},\\n\\turldate = {2024-08-11},\\n\\tjournal = {Polity},\\n\\tauthor = {Boswell, John and Corbett, Jack},\\n\\tmonth = apr,\\n\\tyear = {2021},\\n\\tnote = {Publisher: The University of Chicago Press},\\n\\tkeywords = {V-Dem, concept formation, deliberative democracy, democracy, democratization},\\n\\tpages = {239--263},\\n}\\n\\n\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Boswell, J.\",\"Corbett, J.\"],\"key\":\"boswell_democracy_2021\",\"id\":\"boswell_democracy_2021\",\"bibbaseid\":\"boswell-corbett-democracyinterpretationandtheproblemofconceptualambiguityreflectionsonthevdemprojectsstruggleswithoperationalizingdeliberativedemocracy-2021\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{\"Paper\":\"https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/abs/10.1086/713173\"},\"keyword\":[\"V-Dem\",\"concept formation\",\"deliberative democracy\",\"democracy\",\"democratization\"],\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"article\",\"type\":\"article\",\"title\":\"'Hoisted with our own petard': evidence and democratic deliberation on obesity\",\"volume\":\"47\",\"issn\":\"0032-2687\",\"shorttitle\":\"'Hoisted with our own petard'\",\"url\":\"https://www.jstor.org/stable/44113976\",\"abstract\":\"Key actors engaged in debate on obesity in Australia and the UK subscribe to radically different narratives about the nature, extent and even existence of this public health problem. Yet there is a common thread to these clashing narratives: evidence. All are emphatic that their story is 'evidence-based'. In this paper, I seek to examine this state of affairs by looking at how actors think about, use and interpret evidence across a range of sites of policy debate on this issue. In doing so, I contribute to academic inquiry about the place of evidence in democratic deliberation. Firstly, I find that there is a high degree of consensus among actors who promote differing interpretations of the issue on what evidence means and entails in the abstract. Secondly, I find that the differing narratives on obesity are underpinned by different interpretations of the evidence, but that internal inconsistencies affect each of these competing narratives as well. As such, I argue that policy actors should not be seen just as strategically marshalling convenient evidence to support a preconceived cause. Overall, I suggest that these findings have mixed implications for democratic deliberation on the issue, enhancing the deliberative side of the equation but undermining the democratic. I then point to ways in which the goals of evidence-based and democratic policymaking on this issue may be further reconciled.\",\"number\":\"4\",\"urldate\":\"2024-08-11\",\"journal\":\"Policy Sciences\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Boswell\"],\"firstnames\":[\"John\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"year\":\"2014\",\"note\":\"Publisher: Springer\",\"pages\":\"345–365\",\"bibtex\":\"@article{boswell_hoisted_2014,\\n\\ttitle = {'{Hoisted} with our own petard': evidence and democratic deliberation on obesity},\\n\\tvolume = {47},\\n\\tissn = {0032-2687},\\n\\tshorttitle = {'{Hoisted} with our own petard'},\\n\\turl = {https://www.jstor.org/stable/44113976},\\n\\tabstract = {Key actors engaged in debate on obesity in Australia and the UK subscribe to radically different narratives about the nature, extent and even existence of this public health problem. Yet there is a common thread to these clashing narratives: evidence. All are emphatic that their story is 'evidence-based'. In this paper, I seek to examine this state of affairs by looking at how actors think about, use and interpret evidence across a range of sites of policy debate on this issue. In doing so, I contribute to academic inquiry about the place of evidence in democratic deliberation. Firstly, I find that there is a high degree of consensus among actors who promote differing interpretations of the issue on what evidence means and entails in the abstract. Secondly, I find that the differing narratives on obesity are underpinned by different interpretations of the evidence, but that internal inconsistencies affect each of these competing narratives as well. As such, I argue that policy actors should not be seen just as strategically marshalling convenient evidence to support a preconceived cause. Overall, I suggest that these findings have mixed implications for democratic deliberation on the issue, enhancing the deliberative side of the equation but undermining the democratic. I then point to ways in which the goals of evidence-based and democratic policymaking on this issue may be further reconciled.},\\n\\tnumber = {4},\\n\\turldate = {2024-08-11},\\n\\tjournal = {Policy Sciences},\\n\\tauthor = {Boswell, John},\\n\\tyear = {2014},\\n\\tnote = {Publisher: Springer},\\n\\tpages = {345--365},\\n}\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Boswell, J.\"],\"key\":\"boswell_hoisted_2014\",\"id\":\"boswell_hoisted_2014\",\"bibbaseid\":\"boswell-hoistedwithourownpetardevidenceanddemocraticdeliberationonobesity-2014\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{\"Paper\":\"https://www.jstor.org/stable/44113976\"},\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"article\",\"type\":\"article\",\"title\":\"Participation under a spell of instrumentalization? Reflections on action research in an entrenched climate adaptation policy process\",\"volume\":\"8\",\"issn\":\"1946-0171\",\"shorttitle\":\"Participation under a spell of instrumentalization?\",\"url\":\"https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/19460171.2014.950304\",\"doi\":\"10.1080/19460171.2014.950304\",\"number\":\"4\",\"urldate\":\"2024-08-11\",\"journal\":\"Critical Policy Studies\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Boezeman\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Daan\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Vink\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Martinus\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Leroy\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Pieter\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Halffman\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Willem\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"month\":\"October\",\"year\":\"2014\",\"note\":\"Publisher: Routledge\",\"keywords\":\"action research, climate adaptation, instrumentalization, participation, science–policy interface, water management\",\"pages\":\"407–426\",\"bibtex\":\"@article{boezeman_participation_2014,\\n\\ttitle = {Participation under a spell of instrumentalization? {Reflections} on action research in an entrenched climate adaptation policy process},\\n\\tvolume = {8},\\n\\tissn = {1946-0171},\\n\\tshorttitle = {Participation under a spell of instrumentalization?},\\n\\turl = {https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/19460171.2014.950304},\\n\\tdoi = {10.1080/19460171.2014.950304},\\n\\tnumber = {4},\\n\\turldate = {2024-08-11},\\n\\tjournal = {Critical Policy Studies},\\n\\tauthor = {Boezeman, Daan and Vink, Martinus and Leroy, Pieter and Halffman, Willem},\\n\\tmonth = oct,\\n\\tyear = {2014},\\n\\tnote = {Publisher: Routledge},\\n\\tkeywords = {action research, climate adaptation, instrumentalization, participation, science–policy interface, water management},\\n\\tpages = {407--426},\\n}\\n\\n\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Boezeman, D.\",\"Vink, M.\",\"Leroy, P.\",\"Halffman, W.\"],\"key\":\"boezeman_participation_2014\",\"id\":\"boezeman_participation_2014\",\"bibbaseid\":\"boezeman-vink-leroy-halffman-participationunderaspellofinstrumentalizationreflectionsonactionresearchinanentrenchedclimateadaptationpolicyprocess-2014\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{\"Paper\":\"https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/19460171.2014.950304\"},\"keyword\":[\"action research\",\"climate adaptation\",\"instrumentalization\",\"participation\",\"science–policy interface\",\"water management\"],\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"book\",\"type\":\"book\",\"address\":\"New York, N.Y\",\"title\":\"Gendered Citizenship: Understanding Gendered Violence in Democratic India\",\"isbn\":\"978-0-19-094942-6\",\"url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190949426.001.0001\",\"abstract\":\"It has been shown time and again that even though all citizens may be accorded equal standing in the constitution of a liberal democracy, such a legal provision hardly guarantees state protections against discrimination and political exclusion. More specifically, why do we find pervasive gender-based discrimination, exclusion, and violence in India when the Indian Constitution supports an inclusive democracy committed to gender and caste equality?\",\"urldate\":\"2024-09-08\",\"publisher\":\"Oxford University Press\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Behl\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Natasha\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"month\":\"October\",\"year\":\"2019\",\"doi\":\"10.1093/oso/9780190949426.001.0001\",\"bibtex\":\"@book{behl_gendered_2019,\\n\\taddress = {New York, N.Y},\\n\\ttitle = {Gendered {Citizenship}: {Understanding} {Gendered} {Violence} in {Democratic} {India}},\\n\\tisbn = {978-0-19-094942-6},\\n\\turl = {https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190949426.001.0001},\\n\\tabstract = {It has been shown time and again that even though all citizens may be accorded equal standing in the constitution of a liberal democracy, such a legal provision hardly guarantees state protections against discrimination and political exclusion. More specifically, why do we find pervasive gender-based discrimination, exclusion, and violence in India when the Indian Constitution supports an inclusive democracy committed to gender and caste equality?},\\n\\turldate = {2024-09-08},\\n\\tpublisher = {Oxford University Press},\\n\\tauthor = {Behl, Natasha},\\n\\tmonth = oct,\\n\\tyear = {2019},\\n\\tdoi = {10.1093/oso/9780190949426.001.0001},\\n}\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Behl, N.\"],\"key\":\"behl_gendered_2019\",\"id\":\"behl_gendered_2019\",\"bibbaseid\":\"behl-genderedcitizenshipunderstandinggenderedviolenceindemocraticindia-2019\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{\"Paper\":\"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190949426.001.0001\"},\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"book\",\"type\":\"book\",\"title\":\"Governance Stories\",\"isbn\":\"978-1-134-18420-0\",\"abstract\":\"An incisive examination of Britain today, which breaks from traditional studies, and takes a new approach to account for massive changes in the make-up of the nation.Over the last twenty years Britain has changed from being governed as a unitary state to a country ruled by the interplay of various forces: central government, the market, public-private partnerships, new local government structures (eg. the new Mayoral system), greater regional autonomy as well as the EU and transnational businesses and organizations.In their earlier book Interpreting British Governance, Bevir and Rhodes examined changes in British government by setting out an interpretative approach to British political science, which focussed on an aggregate analysis of British political traditions. This new study builds on this work to: provide a theoretical defence of situated agency located in the historical context of British political science compare their approach to British political science with others including, post-structural and institutional analysis present a general account of governance as the context for ethnographic analyses of governance in action deliver studies of the consumers of public services, the National Health Service, government departments and policy networks. This book will be of great interest to advanced students and researchers of political theory, public policy, British politics and British history.\",\"language\":\"en\",\"publisher\":\"Routledge\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Bevir\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Mark\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Rhodes\"],\"firstnames\":[\"R.\",\"A.\",\"W.\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"month\":\"April\",\"year\":\"2006\",\"note\":\"Google-Books-ID: ZbhU4en1txMC\",\"keywords\":\"Political Science / General, Political Science / History & Theory, Political Science / International Relations / General\",\"bibtex\":\"@book{bevir_governance_2006,\\n\\ttitle = {Governance {Stories}},\\n\\tisbn = {978-1-134-18420-0},\\n\\tabstract = {An incisive examination of Britain today, which breaks from traditional studies, and takes a new approach to account for massive changes in the make-up of the nation.Over the last twenty years Britain has changed from being governed as a unitary state to a country ruled by the interplay of various forces: central government, the market, public-private partnerships, new local government structures (eg. the new Mayoral system), greater regional autonomy as well as the EU and transnational businesses and organizations.In their earlier book Interpreting British Governance, Bevir and Rhodes examined changes in British government by setting out an interpretative approach to British political science, which focussed on an aggregate analysis of British political traditions. This new study builds on this work to: provide a theoretical defence of situated agency located in the historical context of British political science compare their approach to British political science with others including, post-structural and institutional analysis present a general account of governance as the context for ethnographic analyses of governance in action deliver studies of the consumers of public services, the National Health Service, government departments and policy networks. This book will be of great interest to advanced students and researchers of political theory, public policy, British politics and British history.},\\n\\tlanguage = {en},\\n\\tpublisher = {Routledge},\\n\\tauthor = {Bevir, Mark and Rhodes, R. A. W.},\\n\\tmonth = apr,\\n\\tyear = {2006},\\n\\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: ZbhU4en1txMC},\\n\\tkeywords = {Political Science / General, Political Science / History \\\\& Theory, Political Science / International Relations / General},\\n}\\n\\n\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Bevir, M.\",\"Rhodes, R. A. W.\"],\"key\":\"bevir_governance_2006\",\"id\":\"bevir_governance_2006\",\"bibbaseid\":\"bevir-rhodes-governancestories-2006\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{},\"keyword\":[\"Political Science / General\",\"Political Science / History & Theory\",\"Political Science / International Relations / General\"],\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"book\",\"type\":\"book\",\"address\":\"London\",\"title\":\"Interpreting British Governance\",\"isbn\":\"978-0-203-13591-4\",\"abstract\":\"How is Britain governed? Have we entered a new era of governance? Can traditional approaches to governance help us to interpret 21st century Britain?This book\",\"publisher\":\"Routledge\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Bevir\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Mark\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Rhodes\"],\"firstnames\":[\"R.\",\"A.\",\"W.\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"month\":\"March\",\"year\":\"2003\",\"doi\":\"10.4324/9780203135914\",\"bibtex\":\"@book{bevir_interpreting_2003,\\n\\taddress = {London},\\n\\ttitle = {Interpreting {British} {Governance}},\\n\\tisbn = {978-0-203-13591-4},\\n\\tabstract = {How is Britain governed? Have we entered a new era of governance? Can traditional approaches to governance help us to interpret 21st century Britain?This book},\\n\\tpublisher = {Routledge},\\n\\tauthor = {Bevir, Mark and Rhodes, R. A. W.},\\n\\tmonth = mar,\\n\\tyear = {2003},\\n\\tdoi = {10.4324/9780203135914},\\n}\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Bevir, M.\",\"Rhodes, R. A. W.\"],\"key\":\"bevir_interpreting_2003\",\"id\":\"bevir_interpreting_2003\",\"bibbaseid\":\"bevir-rhodes-interpretingbritishgovernance-2003\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{},\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"article\",\"type\":\"article\",\"title\":\"The Dynamics of Emotion and Activism: Grief, Gender, and Collective Identity in Revolutionary Nicaragua\",\"volume\":\"11\",\"issn\":\"1086-671X\",\"shorttitle\":\"The Dynamics of Emotion and Activism\",\"url\":\"https://doi.org/10.17813/maiq.11.4.q21r3432561l21t7\",\"doi\":\"10.17813/maiq.11.4.q21r3432561l21t7\",\"abstract\":\"This article argues for a multidirectional and gendered understanding of the causal relationship between emotion and collective identity. Based on interviews and participant observation with core members of a Nicaraguan mothers' organization, I identify four ways in which emotion and identity are causally linked: emotion-based identity, therapy, affective bonds, and change in collective identity leading to change in grieving style. These indicate a dynamic relationship between emotion and collective identity. Furthermore, to understand emotion-based collective identity and perceptions of the emotional benefits of participation, this relationship must be understood through gendered cultural expectations about emotion.\",\"number\":\"4\",\"urldate\":\"2024-08-09\",\"journal\":\"Mobilization: An International Quarterly\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[\"de\"],\"lastnames\":[\"Volo\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Lorraine\",\"Bayard\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"month\":\"February\",\"year\":\"2007\",\"pages\":\"461–474\",\"bibtex\":\"@article{de_volo_dynamics_2007,\\n\\ttitle = {The {Dynamics} of {Emotion} and {Activism}: {Grief}, {Gender}, and {Collective} {Identity} in {Revolutionary} {Nicaragua}},\\n\\tvolume = {11},\\n\\tissn = {1086-671X},\\n\\tshorttitle = {The {Dynamics} of {Emotion} and {Activism}},\\n\\turl = {https://doi.org/10.17813/maiq.11.4.q21r3432561l21t7},\\n\\tdoi = {10.17813/maiq.11.4.q21r3432561l21t7},\\n\\tabstract = {This article argues for a multidirectional and gendered understanding of the causal relationship between emotion and collective identity. Based on interviews and participant observation with core members of a Nicaraguan mothers' organization, I identify four ways in which emotion and identity are causally linked: emotion-based identity, therapy, affective bonds, and change in collective identity leading to change in grieving style. These indicate a dynamic relationship between emotion and collective identity. Furthermore, to understand emotion-based collective identity and perceptions of the emotional benefits of participation, this relationship must be understood through gendered cultural expectations about emotion.},\\n\\tnumber = {4},\\n\\turldate = {2024-08-09},\\n\\tjournal = {Mobilization: An International Quarterly},\\n\\tauthor = {de Volo, Lorraine Bayard},\\n\\tmonth = feb,\\n\\tyear = {2007},\\n\\tpages = {461--474},\\n}\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"de Volo, L. B.\"],\"key\":\"de_volo_dynamics_2007\",\"id\":\"de_volo_dynamics_2007\",\"bibbaseid\":\"devolo-thedynamicsofemotionandactivismgriefgenderandcollectiveidentityinrevolutionarynicaragua-2007\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{\"Paper\":\"https://doi.org/10.17813/maiq.11.4.q21r3432561l21t7\"},\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"book\",\"type\":\"book\",\"address\":\"Baltimore, MD\",\"title\":\"Mothers of Heroes and Martyrs: Gender Identity Politics in Nicaragua, 1979–1999\",\"isbn\":\"978-0-8018-6764-4\",\"shorttitle\":\"Mothers of Heroes and Martyrs\",\"url\":\"https://www.google.ch/books/edition/Mothers_of_Heroes_and_Martyrs/nv0Pg82ljAcC?hl=en&gbpv=0\",\"abstract\":\"How did a group of overwhelmingly poor, older women in a third-world country emerge to become a powerful force in their country's politics? Founded during the Nicaraguan revolution, the Mothers of Heroes and Martyrs of Matagalpa comprises women who supported the revolution but did not carry guns; who, in their words, gave up their loved ones to the struggle.In this book Lorraine Bayard de Volo focuses on this group to reveal what she calls \\\"the dominant but rarely examined maternal identity politics of revolution, war, and democratization.\\\" Dividing Nicaraguan politics (1979-99) into four periods, Bayard de Volo uses both macro- and micro-levels of analysis to capture the dialectical relationship between large-scale political processes and the \\\"micropolitics\\\" of collective action. She shows how Sandinistas and anti-Sandinistas mobilized both mothers and maternal imagery and in turn analyzes how this imagery was adopted and manipulated by the Mothers of Heroes and Martyrs. Employing a feminist Gramscian approach to address the gendered nature of cultural politics and collective identity, the author shows how, in the battle to capture Nicaraguan hearts and minds, both sides relied primarily on maternal images of women. Such \\\"mobilizing identities\\\" propelled women into unprecedented levels of collective action, yet at the same time channeled them away from feminist priorities.\",\"language\":\"en\",\"publisher\":\"Johns Hopkins University Press\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[\"de\"],\"lastnames\":[\"Volo\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Lorraine\",\"Bayard\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"month\":\"October\",\"year\":\"2001\",\"note\":\"Google-Books-ID: nv0Pg82ljAcC\",\"keywords\":\"History / Americas (North, Central, South, West Indies), History / Latin America / General, Political Science / Comparative Politics, Political Science / International Relations / General, Political Science / Women in Politics, Political Science / World / Caribbean & Latin American, Social Science / Gender Studies, Social Science / Women's Studies\",\"bibtex\":\"@book{de_volo_mothers_2001,\\n\\taddress = {Baltimore, MD},\\n\\ttitle = {Mothers of {Heroes} and {Martyrs}: {Gender} {Identity} {Politics} in {Nicaragua}, 1979–1999},\\n\\tisbn = {978-0-8018-6764-4},\\n\\tshorttitle = {Mothers of {Heroes} and {Martyrs}},\\n\\turl = {https://www.google.ch/books/edition/Mothers_of_Heroes_and_Martyrs/nv0Pg82ljAcC?hl=en&gbpv=0},\\n\\tabstract = {How did a group of overwhelmingly poor, older women in a third-world country emerge to become a powerful force in their country's politics? Founded during the Nicaraguan revolution, the Mothers of Heroes and Martyrs of Matagalpa comprises women who supported the revolution but did not carry guns; who, in their words, gave up their loved ones to the struggle.In this book Lorraine Bayard de Volo focuses on this group to reveal what she calls \\\"the dominant but rarely examined maternal identity politics of revolution, war, and democratization.\\\" Dividing Nicaraguan politics (1979-99) into four periods, Bayard de Volo uses both macro- and micro-levels of analysis to capture the dialectical relationship between large-scale political processes and the \\\"micropolitics\\\" of collective action. She shows how Sandinistas and anti-Sandinistas mobilized both mothers and maternal imagery and in turn analyzes how this imagery was adopted and manipulated by the Mothers of Heroes and Martyrs. Employing a feminist Gramscian approach to address the gendered nature of cultural politics and collective identity, the author shows how, in the battle to capture Nicaraguan hearts and minds, both sides relied primarily on maternal images of women. Such \\\"mobilizing identities\\\" propelled women into unprecedented levels of collective action, yet at the same time channeled them away from feminist priorities.},\\n\\tlanguage = {en},\\n\\tpublisher = {Johns Hopkins University Press},\\n\\tauthor = {de Volo, Lorraine Bayard},\\n\\tmonth = oct,\\n\\tyear = {2001},\\n\\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: nv0Pg82ljAcC},\\n\\tkeywords = {History / Americas (North, Central, South, West Indies), History / Latin America / General, Political Science / Comparative Politics, Political Science / International Relations / General, Political Science / Women in Politics, Political Science / World / Caribbean \\\\& Latin American, Social Science / Gender Studies, Social Science / Women's Studies},\\n}\\n\\n\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"de Volo, L. B.\"],\"key\":\"de_volo_mothers_2001\",\"id\":\"de_volo_mothers_2001\",\"bibbaseid\":\"devolo-mothersofheroesandmartyrsgenderidentitypoliticsinnicaragua19791999-2001\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{\"Paper\":\"https://www.google.ch/books/edition/Mothers_of_Heroes_and_Martyrs/nv0Pg82ljAcC?hl=en&gbpv=0\"},\"keyword\":[\"History / Americas (North\",\"Central\",\"South\",\"West Indies)\",\"History / Latin America / General\",\"Political Science / Comparative Politics\",\"Political Science / International Relations / General\",\"Political Science / Women in Politics\",\"Political Science / World / Caribbean & Latin American\",\"Social Science / Gender Studies\",\"Social Science / Women's Studies\"],\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"book\",\"type\":\"book\",\"address\":\"Abingdon, Oxon\",\"title\":\"Decentring European Governance\",\"isbn\":\"978-1-351-20953-3\",\"abstract\":\"Conforming neither to the hierarchical and bureaucratic organization of the European nation-state nor the anarchical structure of international organizations, the European Union (EU) and its predecessors provide an exemplary site for developing a decentred approach to the study of governance.The book offers an analysis of the formation and transformation of the EU as an example of governance above the nation-state and is framed by the recognition that the construction of the EU has resulted in variegated and decentred forms of governance. The chapters look at distinct aspects of EU governance to bring to light the influence of elite narratives, scientific rationalities, local traditions and meaningful practices in the making and remaking of European governance. As such, each chapter offers a unique contribution to the study of the EU. In doing so, the book challenges dominant narratives of European integration and policymaking that appeal to reified rationalities and social structures, and uncovers the contingency and conflict endemic to European governance.This text will be of key interest to scholars and students of European Union politics, European politics/studies, governance and, more broadly, to public management, international organizations, anthropology and sociology.\",\"language\":\"en\",\"publisher\":\"Routledge\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Bevir\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Mark\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Phillips\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Ryan\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"month\":\"February\",\"year\":\"2019\",\"note\":\"Google-Books-ID: L8eHDwAAQBAJ\",\"keywords\":\"Political Science / General, Social Science / Anthropology / General, Social Science / Regional Studies, Social Science / Sociology / General\",\"bibtex\":\"@book{bevir_decentring_2019,\\n\\taddress = {Abingdon, Oxon},\\n\\ttitle = {Decentring {European} {Governance}},\\n\\tisbn = {978-1-351-20953-3},\\n\\tabstract = {Conforming neither to the hierarchical and bureaucratic organization of the European nation-state nor the anarchical structure of international organizations, the European Union (EU) and its predecessors provide an exemplary site for developing a decentred approach to the study of governance.The book offers an analysis of the formation and transformation of the EU as an example of governance above the nation-state and is framed by the recognition that the construction of the EU has resulted in variegated and decentred forms of governance. The chapters look at distinct aspects of EU governance to bring to light the influence of elite narratives, scientific rationalities, local traditions and meaningful practices in the making and remaking of European governance. As such, each chapter offers a unique contribution to the study of the EU. In doing so, the book challenges dominant narratives of European integration and policymaking that appeal to reified rationalities and social structures, and uncovers the contingency and conflict endemic to European governance.This text will be of key interest to scholars and students of European Union politics, European politics/studies, governance and, more broadly, to public management, international organizations, anthropology and sociology.},\\n\\tlanguage = {en},\\n\\tpublisher = {Routledge},\\n\\tauthor = {Bevir, Mark and Phillips, Ryan},\\n\\tmonth = feb,\\n\\tyear = {2019},\\n\\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: L8eHDwAAQBAJ},\\n\\tkeywords = {Political Science / General, Social Science / Anthropology / General, Social Science / Regional Studies, Social Science / Sociology / General},\\n}\\n\\n\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Bevir, M.\",\"Phillips, R.\"],\"key\":\"bevir_decentring_2019\",\"id\":\"bevir_decentring_2019\",\"bibbaseid\":\"bevir-phillips-decentringeuropeangovernance-2019\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{},\"keyword\":[\"Political Science / General\",\"Social Science / Anthropology / General\",\"Social Science / Regional Studies\",\"Social Science / Sociology / General\"],\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"article\",\"type\":\"article\",\"title\":\"The English school and the classical approach: Between modernism and interpretivism\",\"volume\":\"16\",\"issn\":\"1755-0882\",\"shorttitle\":\"The English school and the classical approach\",\"url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1177/1755088219898883\",\"doi\":\"10.1177/1755088219898883\",\"abstract\":\"This article analyses the evolution of the English school’s approach to international relations from the work of the early British Committee in the late 1950s and early 1960s to its revival in the 1990s and afterwards. It argues that the school’s so-called ‘classical approach’ was shaped by the crisis of developmental historicism brought on by the First World War and by the reactions of historians like Herbert Butterfield and Martin Wight to the rise of modernist social science in the twentieth century. It characterises the classical approach, as advanced by Hedley Bull, as a form of ‘reluctant modernism’ with underlying interpretivist commitments and unresolved tensions with modernist approaches. It argues that to resolve some of the confusion concerning its preferred approach to the study of international relations, the English school should return to the interpretivist commitments of its early thinkers.\",\"language\":\"en\",\"number\":\"2\",\"urldate\":\"2024-08-09\",\"journal\":\"Journal of International Political Theory\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Bevir\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Mark\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Hall\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Ian\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"month\":\"June\",\"year\":\"2020\",\"note\":\"Publisher: SAGE Publications\",\"pages\":\"153–170\",\"bibtex\":\"@article{bevir_english_2020,\\n\\ttitle = {The {English} school and the classical approach: {Between} modernism and interpretivism},\\n\\tvolume = {16},\\n\\tissn = {1755-0882},\\n\\tshorttitle = {The {English} school and the classical approach},\\n\\turl = {https://doi.org/10.1177/1755088219898883},\\n\\tdoi = {10.1177/1755088219898883},\\n\\tabstract = {This article analyses the evolution of the English school’s approach to international relations from the work of the early British Committee in the late 1950s and early 1960s to its revival in the 1990s and afterwards. It argues that the school’s so-called ‘classical approach’ was shaped by the crisis of developmental historicism brought on by the First World War and by the reactions of historians like Herbert Butterfield and Martin Wight to the rise of modernist social science in the twentieth century. It characterises the classical approach, as advanced by Hedley Bull, as a form of ‘reluctant modernism’ with underlying interpretivist commitments and unresolved tensions with modernist approaches. It argues that to resolve some of the confusion concerning its preferred approach to the study of international relations, the English school should return to the interpretivist commitments of its early thinkers.},\\n\\tlanguage = {en},\\n\\tnumber = {2},\\n\\turldate = {2024-08-09},\\n\\tjournal = {Journal of International Political Theory},\\n\\tauthor = {Bevir, Mark and Hall, Ian},\\n\\tmonth = jun,\\n\\tyear = {2020},\\n\\tnote = {Publisher: SAGE Publications},\\n\\tpages = {153--170},\\n}\\n\\n\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Bevir, M.\",\"Hall, I.\"],\"key\":\"bevir_english_2020\",\"id\":\"bevir_english_2020\",\"bibbaseid\":\"bevir-hall-theenglishschoolandtheclassicalapproachbetweenmodernismandinterpretivism-2020\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{\"Paper\":\"https://doi.org/10.1177/1755088219898883\"},\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"book\",\"type\":\"book\",\"address\":\"London, UK\",\"title\":\"Interpreting Global Security\",\"isbn\":\"978-0-203-71346-4\",\"url\":\"https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203713464\",\"abstract\":\"This edited collection explores the fruitfulness of applying an interpretive approach to the study of global security. The interpretive approach concentrates on\",\"publisher\":\"Routledge\",\"editor\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Bevir\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Mark\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Daddow\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Oliver\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Hall\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Ian\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"month\":\"August\",\"year\":\"2013\",\"doi\":\"10.4324/9780203713464\",\"bibtex\":\"@book{bevir_interpreting_2013,\\n\\taddress = {London, UK},\\n\\ttitle = {Interpreting {Global} {Security}},\\n\\tisbn = {978-0-203-71346-4},\\n\\turl = {https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203713464},\\n\\tabstract = {This edited collection explores the fruitfulness of applying an interpretive approach to the study of global security. The interpretive approach concentrates on},\\n\\tpublisher = {Routledge},\\n\\teditor = {Bevir, Mark and Daddow, Oliver and Hall, Ian},\\n\\tmonth = aug,\\n\\tyear = {2013},\\n\\tdoi = {10.4324/9780203713464},\\n}\\n\\n\\n\\n\",\"editor_short\":[\"Bevir, M.\",\"Daddow, O.\",\"Hall, I.\"],\"key\":\"bevir_interpreting_2013\",\"id\":\"bevir_interpreting_2013\",\"bibbaseid\":\"bevir-daddow-hall-interpretingglobalsecurity-2013\",\"role\":\"editor\",\"urls\":{\"Paper\":\"https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203713464\"},\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"article\",\"type\":\"article\",\"title\":\"Introduction: Interpreting British Foreign Policy\",\"volume\":\"15\",\"issn\":\"1369-1481\",\"shorttitle\":\"Introduction\",\"url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-856X.2012.00537.x\",\"doi\":\"10.1111/j.1467-856X.2012.00537.x\",\"language\":\"en\",\"number\":\"2\",\"urldate\":\"2024-08-09\",\"journal\":\"The British Journal of Politics and International Relations\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Bevir\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Mark\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Daddow\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Oliver\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Hall\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Ian\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"month\":\"May\",\"year\":\"2013\",\"note\":\"Publisher: SAGE Publications\",\"pages\":\"163–174\",\"bibtex\":\"@article{bevir_introduction_2013,\\n\\ttitle = {Introduction: {Interpreting} {British} {Foreign} {Policy}},\\n\\tvolume = {15},\\n\\tissn = {1369-1481},\\n\\tshorttitle = {Introduction},\\n\\turl = {https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-856X.2012.00537.x},\\n\\tdoi = {10.1111/j.1467-856X.2012.00537.x},\\n\\tlanguage = {en},\\n\\tnumber = {2},\\n\\turldate = {2024-08-09},\\n\\tjournal = {The British Journal of Politics and International Relations},\\n\\tauthor = {Bevir, Mark and Daddow, Oliver and Hall, Ian},\\n\\tmonth = may,\\n\\tyear = {2013},\\n\\tnote = {Publisher: SAGE Publications},\\n\\tpages = {163--174},\\n}\\n\\n\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Bevir, M.\",\"Daddow, O.\",\"Hall, I.\"],\"key\":\"bevir_introduction_2013\",\"id\":\"bevir_introduction_2013\",\"bibbaseid\":\"bevir-daddow-hall-introductioninterpretingbritishforeignpolicy-2013\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{\"Paper\":\"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-856X.2012.00537.x\"},\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"article\",\"type\":\"article\",\"title\":\"Urban Problem Discourses: Understanding the Distinctiveness of Cities\",\"volume\":\"38\",\"issn\":\"0735-2166\",\"shorttitle\":\"Urban Problem Discourses\",\"url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1111/juaf.12206\",\"doi\":\"10.1111/juaf.12206\",\"abstract\":\"Despite the insistence in interpretive policy analysis that the discursive construction of problems must be understood in terms of their historical and spatial context, it remains an open question how cities provide such a context. We argue that cities as a distinct form of sociation enable certain (discursive) actions, while restricting others. Taking both the interest of interpretive policy analysis in the social construction of political reality and holistic concepts of approaching the distinctiveness of cities as starting points, we scrutinize how the cities of Frankfurt/Main, Dortmund, Birmingham, and Glasgow provide distinct contexts for the construction of local policy problems. Based on an inquiry into urban discourses we ask, first, how problematizations involve locally specific attributions of problem causes and responsibilities for problem solving and, second, how this is related to a locally distinct understanding of the city’s past, present, and future.\",\"number\":\"2\",\"urldate\":\"2024-08-09\",\"journal\":\"Journal of Urban Affairs\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Barbehön\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Marlon\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Münch\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Sybille\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Gehring\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Petra\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Grossmann\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Andreas\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Haus\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Michael\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Heinelt\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Hubert\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"month\":\"May\",\"year\":\"2016\",\"note\":\"Publisher: Routledge _eprint: https://doi.org/10.1111/juaf.12206\",\"pages\":\"236–251\",\"bibtex\":\"@article{barbehon_urban_2016,\\n\\ttitle = {Urban {Problem} {Discourses}: {Understanding} the {Distinctiveness} of {Cities}},\\n\\tvolume = {38},\\n\\tissn = {0735-2166},\\n\\tshorttitle = {Urban {Problem} {Discourses}},\\n\\turl = {https://doi.org/10.1111/juaf.12206},\\n\\tdoi = {10.1111/juaf.12206},\\n\\tabstract = {Despite the insistence in interpretive policy analysis that the discursive construction of problems must be understood in terms of their historical and spatial context, it remains an open question how cities provide such a context. We argue that cities as a distinct form of sociation enable certain (discursive) actions, while restricting others. Taking both the interest of interpretive policy analysis in the social construction of political reality and holistic concepts of approaching the distinctiveness of cities as starting points, we scrutinize how the cities of Frankfurt/Main, Dortmund, Birmingham, and Glasgow provide distinct contexts for the construction of local policy problems. Based on an inquiry into urban discourses we ask, first, how problematizations involve locally specific attributions of problem causes and responsibilities for problem solving and, second, how this is related to a locally distinct understanding of the city’s past, present, and future.},\\n\\tnumber = {2},\\n\\turldate = {2024-08-09},\\n\\tjournal = {Journal of Urban Affairs},\\n\\tauthor = {Barbehön, Marlon and Münch, Sybille and Gehring, Petra and Grossmann, Andreas and Haus, Michael and Heinelt, Hubert},\\n\\tmonth = may,\\n\\tyear = {2016},\\n\\tnote = {Publisher: Routledge\\n\\\\_eprint: https://doi.org/10.1111/juaf.12206},\\n\\tpages = {236--251},\\n}\\n\\n\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Barbehön, M.\",\"Münch, S.\",\"Gehring, P.\",\"Grossmann, A.\",\"Haus, M.\",\"Heinelt, H.\"],\"key\":\"barbehon_urban_2016\",\"id\":\"barbehon_urban_2016\",\"bibbaseid\":\"barbehn-mnch-gehring-grossmann-haus-heinelt-urbanproblemdiscoursesunderstandingthedistinctivenessofcities-2016\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{\"Paper\":\"https://doi.org/10.1111/juaf.12206\"},\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"book\",\"type\":\"book\",\"address\":\"London, UK\",\"title\":\"Middle Class and Welfare State: Making Sense of an Ambivalent Relationship\",\"isbn\":\"978-1-00-005970-0\",\"shorttitle\":\"Middle Class and Welfare State\",\"url\":\"https://www.routledge.com/Middle-Class-and-Welfare-State-Making-Sense-of-an-Ambivalent-Relationship/Barbehon-Geugjes-Haus/p/book/9781032474649\",\"abstract\":\"This book examines the relationship between the middle class and the welfare state. Taking an interpretive approach which understands the middle class as a socially constructed category, it combines discourse analysis, welfare state theory, and interpretive policy analysis in an innovative way to investigate how the middle class becomes a meaningful object of public debates and policymaking. Comparing Germany, Sweden, and the United Kingdom, the book reconstructs the prevalent images and meanings of the middle class from each country’s public debates and tracks how the middle classes with their various meanings and characteristics are entangled with the identification of societal problems, the articulation of political demands, and the construction of welfare policies. Ultimately, it shows how the formation and consolidation of different welfare regimes can be interpreted as specific ways of solving the puzzle of how to incorporate the middle class in the construction of a welfare state consensus. This book will be of key interest to scholars and students of comparative welfare state research, policy analysis, political sociology, political theory, and European and comparative politics.\",\"language\":\"en\",\"publisher\":\"Routledge\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Barbehön\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Marlon\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Geugjes\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Marilena\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Haus\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Michael\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"month\":\"March\",\"year\":\"2020\",\"note\":\"Google-Books-ID: PabYDwAAQBAJ\",\"keywords\":\"Political Science / General, Political Science / Public Opinion Polling, Political Science / Public Policy / Social Policy, Political Science / Public Policy / Social Services & Welfare, Social Science / General, Social Science / Regional Studies, Social Science / Sociology / General\",\"bibtex\":\"@book{barbehon_middle_2020,\\n\\taddress = {London, UK},\\n\\ttitle = {Middle {Class} and {Welfare} {State}: {Making} {Sense} of an {Ambivalent} {Relationship}},\\n\\tisbn = {978-1-00-005970-0},\\n\\tshorttitle = {Middle {Class} and {Welfare} {State}},\\n\\turl = {https://www.routledge.com/Middle-Class-and-Welfare-State-Making-Sense-of-an-Ambivalent-Relationship/Barbehon-Geugjes-Haus/p/book/9781032474649},\\n\\tabstract = {This book examines the relationship between the middle class and the welfare state. Taking an interpretive approach which understands the middle class as a socially constructed category, it combines discourse analysis, welfare state theory, and interpretive policy analysis in an innovative way to investigate how the middle class becomes a meaningful object of public debates and policymaking. Comparing Germany, Sweden, and the United Kingdom, the book reconstructs the prevalent images and meanings of the middle class from each country’s public debates and tracks how the middle classes with their various meanings and characteristics are entangled with the identification of societal problems, the articulation of political demands, and the construction of welfare policies. Ultimately, it shows how the formation and consolidation of different welfare regimes can be interpreted as specific ways of solving the puzzle of how to incorporate the middle class in the construction of a welfare state consensus. This book will be of key interest to scholars and students of comparative welfare state research, policy analysis, political sociology, political theory, and European and comparative politics.},\\n\\tlanguage = {en},\\n\\tpublisher = {Routledge},\\n\\tauthor = {Barbehön, Marlon and Geugjes, Marilena and Haus, Michael},\\n\\tmonth = mar,\\n\\tyear = {2020},\\n\\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: PabYDwAAQBAJ},\\n\\tkeywords = {Political Science / General, Political Science / Public Opinion Polling, Political Science / Public Policy / Social Policy, Political Science / Public Policy / Social Services \\\\& Welfare, Social Science / General, Social Science / Regional Studies, Social Science / Sociology / General},\\n}\\n\\n\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Barbehön, M.\",\"Geugjes, M.\",\"Haus, M.\"],\"key\":\"barbehon_middle_2020\",\"id\":\"barbehon_middle_2020\",\"bibbaseid\":\"barbehn-geugjes-haus-middleclassandwelfarestatemakingsenseofanambivalentrelationship-2020\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{\"Paper\":\"https://www.routledge.com/Middle-Class-and-Welfare-State-Making-Sense-of-an-Ambivalent-Relationship/Barbehon-Geugjes-Haus/p/book/9781032474649\"},\"keyword\":[\"Political Science / General\",\"Political Science / Public Opinion Polling\",\"Political Science / Public Policy / Social Policy\",\"Political Science / Public Policy / Social Services & Welfare\",\"Social Science / General\",\"Social Science / Regional Studies\",\"Social Science / Sociology / General\"],\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"book\",\"type\":\"book\",\"address\":\"Cambridge\",\"series\":\"Problems of International Politics\",\"title\":\"Peaceland: Conflict Resolution and the Everyday Politics of International Intervention\",\"isbn\":\"978-1-107-05210-9\",\"shorttitle\":\"Peaceland\",\"url\":\"https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/peaceland/FE7B8E75F7C88211999BF654BF968B1C\",\"abstract\":\"This book suggests a new explanation for why international peace interventions often fail to reach their full potential. Based on several years of ethnographic research in conflict zones around the world, it demonstrates that everyday elements - such as the expatriates' social habits and usual approaches to understanding their areas of operation - strongly influence peacebuilding effectiveness. Individuals from all over the world and all walks of life share numerous practices, habits, and narratives when they serve as interveners in conflict zones. These common attitudes and actions enable foreign peacebuilders to function in the field, but they also result in unintended consequences that thwart international efforts. Certain expatriates follow alternative modes of thinking and acting, often with notable results, but they remain in the minority. Through an in-depth analysis of the interveners' everyday life and work, this book proposes innovative ways to better help host populations build a sustainable peace.\",\"urldate\":\"2024-08-09\",\"publisher\":\"Cambridge University Press\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Autesserre\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Séverine\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"year\":\"2014\",\"doi\":\"10.1017/CBO9781107280366\",\"bibtex\":\"@book{autesserre_peaceland_2014,\\n\\taddress = {Cambridge},\\n\\tseries = {Problems of {International} {Politics}},\\n\\ttitle = {Peaceland: {Conflict} {Resolution} and the {Everyday} {Politics} of {International} {Intervention}},\\n\\tisbn = {978-1-107-05210-9},\\n\\tshorttitle = {Peaceland},\\n\\turl = {https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/peaceland/FE7B8E75F7C88211999BF654BF968B1C},\\n\\tabstract = {This book suggests a new explanation for why international peace interventions often fail to reach their full potential. Based on several years of ethnographic research in conflict zones around the world, it demonstrates that everyday elements - such as the expatriates' social habits and usual approaches to understanding their areas of operation - strongly influence peacebuilding effectiveness. Individuals from all over the world and all walks of life share numerous practices, habits, and narratives when they serve as interveners in conflict zones. These common attitudes and actions enable foreign peacebuilders to function in the field, but they also result in unintended consequences that thwart international efforts. Certain expatriates follow alternative modes of thinking and acting, often with notable results, but they remain in the minority. Through an in-depth analysis of the interveners' everyday life and work, this book proposes innovative ways to better help host populations build a sustainable peace.},\\n\\turldate = {2024-08-09},\\n\\tpublisher = {Cambridge University Press},\\n\\tauthor = {Autesserre, Séverine},\\n\\tyear = {2014},\\n\\tdoi = {10.1017/CBO9781107280366},\\n}\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Autesserre, S.\"],\"key\":\"autesserre_peaceland_2014\",\"id\":\"autesserre_peaceland_2014\",\"bibbaseid\":\"autesserre-peacelandconflictresolutionandtheeverydaypoliticsofinternationalintervention-2014\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{\"Paper\":\"https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/peaceland/FE7B8E75F7C88211999BF654BF968B1C\"},\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"book\",\"type\":\"book\",\"address\":\"Cambridge\",\"series\":\"Cambridge Studies in International Relations\",\"title\":\"The Trouble with the Congo: Local Violence and the Failure of International Peacebuilding\",\"isbn\":\"978-0-521-19100-5\",\"shorttitle\":\"The Trouble with the Congo\",\"url\":\"https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/trouble-with-the-congo/7BB825CE2132698D505F0A11B04A01B5\",\"abstract\":\"The Trouble with the Congo suggests a new explanation for international peacebuilding failures in civil wars. Drawing from more than 330 interviews and a year and a half of field research, it develops a case study of the international intervention during the Democratic Republic of the Congo's unsuccessful transition from war to peace and democracy (2003–6). Grassroots rivalries over land, resources, and political power motivated widespread violence. However, a dominant peacebuilding culture shaped the intervention strategy in a way that precluded action on local conflicts, ultimately dooming the international efforts to end the deadliest conflict since World War II. Most international actors interpreted continued fighting as the consequence of national and regional tensions alone. UN staff and diplomats viewed intervention at the macro levels as their only legitimate responsibility. The dominant culture constructed local peacebuilding as such an unimportant, unfamiliar, and unmanageable task that neither shocking events nor resistance from select individuals could convince international actors to reevaluate their understanding of violence and intervention.\",\"urldate\":\"2024-08-09\",\"publisher\":\"Cambridge University Press\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Autesserre\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Séverine\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"year\":\"2010\",\"doi\":\"10.1017/CBO9780511761034\",\"bibtex\":\"@book{autesserre_trouble_2010,\\n\\taddress = {Cambridge},\\n\\tseries = {Cambridge {Studies} in {International} {Relations}},\\n\\ttitle = {The {Trouble} with the {Congo}: {Local} {Violence} and the {Failure} of {International} {Peacebuilding}},\\n\\tisbn = {978-0-521-19100-5},\\n\\tshorttitle = {The {Trouble} with the {Congo}},\\n\\turl = {https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/trouble-with-the-congo/7BB825CE2132698D505F0A11B04A01B5},\\n\\tabstract = {The Trouble with the Congo suggests a new explanation for international peacebuilding failures in civil wars. Drawing from more than 330 interviews and a year and a half of field research, it develops a case study of the international intervention during the Democratic Republic of the Congo's unsuccessful transition from war to peace and democracy (2003–6). Grassroots rivalries over land, resources, and political power motivated widespread violence. However, a dominant peacebuilding culture shaped the intervention strategy in a way that precluded action on local conflicts, ultimately dooming the international efforts to end the deadliest conflict since World War II. Most international actors interpreted continued fighting as the consequence of national and regional tensions alone. UN staff and diplomats viewed intervention at the macro levels as their only legitimate responsibility. The dominant culture constructed local peacebuilding as such an unimportant, unfamiliar, and unmanageable task that neither shocking events nor resistance from select individuals could convince international actors to reevaluate their understanding of violence and intervention.},\\n\\turldate = {2024-08-09},\\n\\tpublisher = {Cambridge University Press},\\n\\tauthor = {Autesserre, Séverine},\\n\\tyear = {2010},\\n\\tdoi = {10.1017/CBO9780511761034},\\n}\\n\\n\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Autesserre, S.\"],\"key\":\"autesserre_trouble_2010\",\"id\":\"autesserre_trouble_2010\",\"bibbaseid\":\"autesserre-thetroublewiththecongolocalviolenceandthefailureofinternationalpeacebuilding-2010\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{\"Paper\":\"https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/trouble-with-the-congo/7BB825CE2132698D505F0A11B04A01B5\"},\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"article\",\"type\":\"article\",\"title\":\"Dangerous Tales: Dominant Narratives on the Congo and Their Unintended Consequences\",\"volume\":\"111\",\"issn\":\"0001-9909\",\"shorttitle\":\"Dangerous Tales\",\"url\":\"https://www.jstor.org/stable/41494485\",\"abstract\":\"Explanations for the persistence of violence in the eastern part of the Democratic Republic of Congo blame the incendiary actions of domestic and regional leaders, as well as the inefficacy of international peacebuilding efforts. Based on several years of ethnographic research, this article adds another piece to the puzzle, emphasizing the perverse consequences of well-meaning international efforts. I argue that three narratives dominate the public discourse on Congo and eclipse the numerous alternative framings of the situation. These narratives focus on a primary cause of violence, illegal exploitation of mineral resources; a main consequence, sexual abuse of women and girls; and a central solution, extending state authority. I elucidate why simple narratives are necessary for policy makers, journalists, advocacy groups, and practitioners on the ground, especially those involved in the Congo. I then consider each narrative in turn and explain how they achieved prominence: they provided straightforward explanations for the violence, suggested feasible solutions to it, and resonated with foreign audiences. I demonstrate that the focus on these narratives and on the solutions they recommended has led to results that clash with their intended purposes, notably an increase in human rights violations.\",\"number\":\"443\",\"urldate\":\"2024-08-09\",\"journal\":\"African Affairs\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Autesserre\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Séverine\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"year\":\"2012\",\"note\":\"Publisher: Oxford University Press\",\"pages\":\"202–222\",\"bibtex\":\"@article{autesserre_dangerous_2012,\\n\\ttitle = {Dangerous {Tales}: {Dominant} {Narratives} on the {Congo} and {Their} {Unintended} {Consequences}},\\n\\tvolume = {111},\\n\\tissn = {0001-9909},\\n\\tshorttitle = {Dangerous {Tales}},\\n\\turl = {https://www.jstor.org/stable/41494485},\\n\\tabstract = {Explanations for the persistence of violence in the eastern part of the Democratic Republic of Congo blame the incendiary actions of domestic and regional leaders, as well as the inefficacy of international peacebuilding efforts. Based on several years of ethnographic research, this article adds another piece to the puzzle, emphasizing the perverse consequences of well-meaning international efforts. I argue that three narratives dominate the public discourse on Congo and eclipse the numerous alternative framings of the situation. These narratives focus on a primary cause of violence, illegal exploitation of mineral resources; a main consequence, sexual abuse of women and girls; and a central solution, extending state authority. I elucidate why simple narratives are necessary for policy makers, journalists, advocacy groups, and practitioners on the ground, especially those involved in the Congo. I then consider each narrative in turn and explain how they achieved prominence: they provided straightforward explanations for the violence, suggested feasible solutions to it, and resonated with foreign audiences. I demonstrate that the focus on these narratives and on the solutions they recommended has led to results that clash with their intended purposes, notably an increase in human rights violations.},\\n\\tnumber = {443},\\n\\turldate = {2024-08-09},\\n\\tjournal = {African Affairs},\\n\\tauthor = {Autesserre, Séverine},\\n\\tyear = {2012},\\n\\tnote = {Publisher: Oxford University Press},\\n\\tpages = {202--222},\\n}\\n\\n\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Autesserre, S.\"],\"key\":\"autesserre_dangerous_2012\",\"id\":\"autesserre_dangerous_2012\",\"bibbaseid\":\"autesserre-dangeroustalesdominantnarrativesonthecongoandtheirunintendedconsequences-2012\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{\"Paper\":\"https://www.jstor.org/stable/41494485\"},\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"article\",\"type\":\"article\",\"title\":\"Hobbes and the Congo: Frames, Local Violence, and International Intervention\",\"volume\":\"63\",\"issn\":\"1531-5088, 0020-8183\",\"shorttitle\":\"Hobbes and the Congo\",\"url\":\"https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/international-organization/article/abs/hobbes-and-the-congo-frames-local-violence-and-international-intervention/79B009ABB525C6067F108BA036B2D831\",\"doi\":\"10.1017/S0020818309090080\",\"abstract\":\"Why do international peacebuilders fail to address the local causes of peace process failures? The existing explanations of peacebuilding failures, which focus on constraints and vested interests, do not explain the international neglect of local conflict. In this article, I show how discursive frames shape international intervention and preclude international action on local violence. Drawing on more than 330 interviews, multi-sited ethnography, and document analysis, I develop a case study of the Democratic Republic of Congo's transition from war to peace and democracy (2003–2006). I demonstrate that local agendas played a decisive role in sustaining local, national, and regional violence. However, a postconflict peacebuilding frame shaped the international understanding of violence and intervention in such a way that local conflict resolution appeared irrelevant and illegitimate. This frame included four key elements: international actors labeled the Congo a “postconflict” situation; they believed that violence there was innate and therefore acceptable even in peacetime; they conceptualized international intervention as exclusively concerned with the national and international realms; and they saw holding elections, as opposed to local conflict resolution, as a workable, appropriate, and effective tool for state- and peacebuilding. This frame authorized and justified specific practices and policies while precluding others, notably local conflict resolution, ultimately dooming the peacebuilding efforts. In conclusion, I contend that analyzing discursive frames is a fruitful approach to the puzzle of international peacebuilding failures beyond the Congo.\",\"language\":\"en\",\"number\":\"2\",\"urldate\":\"2024-08-09\",\"journal\":\"International Organization\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Autesserre\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Séverine\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"month\":\"April\",\"year\":\"2009\",\"pages\":\"249–280\",\"bibtex\":\"@article{autesserre_hobbes_2009,\\n\\ttitle = {Hobbes and the {Congo}: {Frames}, {Local} {Violence}, and {International} {Intervention}},\\n\\tvolume = {63},\\n\\tissn = {1531-5088, 0020-8183},\\n\\tshorttitle = {Hobbes and the {Congo}},\\n\\turl = {https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/international-organization/article/abs/hobbes-and-the-congo-frames-local-violence-and-international-intervention/79B009ABB525C6067F108BA036B2D831},\\n\\tdoi = {10.1017/S0020818309090080},\\n\\tabstract = {Why do international peacebuilders fail to address the local causes of peace process failures? The existing explanations of peacebuilding failures, which focus on constraints and vested interests, do not explain the international neglect of local conflict. In this article, I show how discursive frames shape international intervention and preclude international action on local violence. Drawing on more than 330 interviews, multi-sited ethnography, and document analysis, I develop a case study of the Democratic Republic of Congo's transition from war to peace and democracy (2003–2006). I demonstrate that local agendas played a decisive role in sustaining local, national, and regional violence. However, a postconflict peacebuilding frame shaped the international understanding of violence and intervention in such a way that local conflict resolution appeared irrelevant and illegitimate. This frame included four key elements: international actors labeled the Congo a “postconflict” situation; they believed that violence there was innate and therefore acceptable even in peacetime; they conceptualized international intervention as exclusively concerned with the national and international realms; and they saw holding elections, as opposed to local conflict resolution, as a workable, appropriate, and effective tool for state- and peacebuilding. This frame authorized and justified specific practices and policies while precluding others, notably local conflict resolution, ultimately dooming the peacebuilding efforts. In conclusion, I contend that analyzing discursive frames is a fruitful approach to the puzzle of international peacebuilding failures beyond the Congo.},\\n\\tlanguage = {en},\\n\\tnumber = {2},\\n\\turldate = {2024-08-09},\\n\\tjournal = {International Organization},\\n\\tauthor = {Autesserre, Séverine},\\n\\tmonth = apr,\\n\\tyear = {2009},\\n\\tpages = {249--280},\\n}\\n\\n\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Autesserre, S.\"],\"key\":\"autesserre_hobbes_2009\",\"id\":\"autesserre_hobbes_2009\",\"bibbaseid\":\"autesserre-hobbesandthecongoframeslocalviolenceandinternationalintervention-2009\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{\"Paper\":\"https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/international-organization/article/abs/hobbes-and-the-congo-frames-local-violence-and-international-intervention/79B009ABB525C6067F108BA036B2D831\"},\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"article\",\"type\":\"article\",\"title\":\"Making a homeland, constructing a diaspora: The case of Taglit-Birthright Israel\",\"volume\":\"58\",\"issn\":\"0962-6298\",\"shorttitle\":\"Making a homeland, constructing a diaspora\",\"url\":\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0962629817300021\",\"doi\":\"10.1016/j.polgeo.2017.01.002\",\"abstract\":\"The study of diaspora policies in political science, international relations, and political geography has moved away from conceiving diasporas as bounded entities to conceptualizing diasporas as a process to be made. One body of literature maps different strategies employed to bond diasporas to their country of origin, while another body of literature pays specific attention to diasporic identities and the ways such identities are reproduced and constructed abroad. This article seeks to bring these two literatures together by focusing on homeland tourism as a diasporization strategy, i.e. the construction, reproduction, and transmission of diasporic identity. Through the case of Taglit-Birthright – a free educational trip to Israel offered to young Jewish adults – the article identifies the specific mechanisms and micro-practices used in order to transform Israeli territory into a Jewish homeland, reproduce the narrative of dispersion, and demarcate group boundaries. Incorporating insights from theories of territorialization and based on the program's educational platform and existing ethnographies of Taglit-Birthright, this article unpacks the notion of the homeland and demonstrates how the homeland itself – as an embodied, affective, and symbolic site – is strategically used in order to cultivate diasporic attachments.\",\"urldate\":\"2024-08-09\",\"journal\":\"Political Geography\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Abramson\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Yehonatan\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"month\":\"May\",\"year\":\"2017\",\"keywords\":\"Diaspora, Diaspora engagement, Diasporization, Embodied geography, Identity construction, Israel, Taglit-Birthright, Territorialization\",\"pages\":\"14–23\",\"bibtex\":\"@article{abramson_making_2017,\\n\\ttitle = {Making a homeland, constructing a diaspora: {The} case of {Taglit}-{Birthright} {Israel}},\\n\\tvolume = {58},\\n\\tissn = {0962-6298},\\n\\tshorttitle = {Making a homeland, constructing a diaspora},\\n\\turl = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0962629817300021},\\n\\tdoi = {10.1016/j.polgeo.2017.01.002},\\n\\tabstract = {The study of diaspora policies in political science, international relations, and political geography has moved away from conceiving diasporas as bounded entities to conceptualizing diasporas as a process to be made. One body of literature maps different strategies employed to bond diasporas to their country of origin, while another body of literature pays specific attention to diasporic identities and the ways such identities are reproduced and constructed abroad. This article seeks to bring these two literatures together by focusing on homeland tourism as a diasporization strategy, i.e. the construction, reproduction, and transmission of diasporic identity. Through the case of Taglit-Birthright – a free educational trip to Israel offered to young Jewish adults – the article identifies the specific mechanisms and micro-practices used in order to transform Israeli territory into a Jewish homeland, reproduce the narrative of dispersion, and demarcate group boundaries. Incorporating insights from theories of territorialization and based on the program's educational platform and existing ethnographies of Taglit-Birthright, this article unpacks the notion of the homeland and demonstrates how the homeland itself – as an embodied, affective, and symbolic site – is strategically used in order to cultivate diasporic attachments.},\\n\\turldate = {2024-08-09},\\n\\tjournal = {Political Geography},\\n\\tauthor = {Abramson, Yehonatan},\\n\\tmonth = may,\\n\\tyear = {2017},\\n\\tkeywords = {Diaspora, Diaspora engagement, Diasporization, Embodied geography, Identity construction, Israel, Taglit-Birthright, Territorialization},\\n\\tpages = {14--23},\\n}\\n\\n\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Abramson, Y.\"],\"key\":\"abramson_making_2017\",\"id\":\"abramson_making_2017\",\"bibbaseid\":\"abramson-makingahomelandconstructingadiasporathecaseoftaglitbirthrightisrael-2017\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{\"Paper\":\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0962629817300021\"},\"keyword\":[\"Diaspora\",\"Diaspora engagement\",\"Diasporization\",\"Embodied geography\",\"Identity construction\",\"Israel\",\"Taglit-Birthright\",\"Territorialization\"],\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"book\",\"type\":\"book\",\"address\":\"New York\",\"title\":\"Among Wolves: Ethnography and the Immersive Study of Power\",\"isbn\":\"978-0-203-70110-2\",\"shorttitle\":\"Among Wolves\",\"url\":\"https://www.routledge.com/Among-Wolves-Ethnography-and-the-Immersive-Study-of-Power/Pachirat/p/book/9780415528986\",\"abstract\":\"Summoned by an anonymous Prosecutor, ten contemporary ethnographers gather in an aging barn to hold a trial of Alice Goffman’s controversial ethnography, On the\",\"publisher\":\"Routledge\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Pachirat\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Timothy\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"month\":\"November\",\"year\":\"2017\",\"doi\":\"10.4324/9780203701102\",\"bibtex\":\"@book{pachirat_among_2017,\\n\\taddress = {New York},\\n\\ttitle = {Among {Wolves}: {Ethnography} and the {Immersive} {Study} of {Power}},\\n\\tisbn = {978-0-203-70110-2},\\n\\tshorttitle = {Among {Wolves}},\\n\\turl = {https://www.routledge.com/Among-Wolves-Ethnography-and-the-Immersive-Study-of-Power/Pachirat/p/book/9780415528986},\\n\\tabstract = {Summoned by an anonymous Prosecutor, ten contemporary ethnographers gather in an aging barn to hold a trial of Alice Goffman’s controversial ethnography, On the},\\n\\tpublisher = {Routledge},\\n\\tauthor = {Pachirat, Timothy},\\n\\tmonth = nov,\\n\\tyear = {2017},\\n\\tdoi = {10.4324/9780203701102},\\n}\\n\\n\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Pachirat, T.\"],\"key\":\"pachirat_among_2017\",\"id\":\"pachirat_among_2017\",\"bibbaseid\":\"pachirat-amongwolvesethnographyandtheimmersivestudyofpower-2017\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{\"Paper\":\"https://www.routledge.com/Among-Wolves-Ethnography-and-the-Immersive-Study-of-Power/Pachirat/p/book/9780415528986\"},\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"book\",\"type\":\"book\",\"title\":\"Interpretive Research Design: Concepts and Processes\",\"isbn\":\"978-1-136-99382-4\",\"shorttitle\":\"Interpretive Research Design\",\"url\":\"https://www.routledge.com/Interpretive-Research-Design-Concepts-and-Processes/Schwartz-Shea-Yanow/p/book/9780415878081\",\"abstract\":\"Research design is fundamental to all scientific endeavors, at all levels and in all institutional settings. In many social science disciplines, however, scholars working in an interpretive-qualitative tradition get little guidance on this aspect of research from the positivist-centered training they receive. This book is an authoritative examination of the concepts and processes underlying the design of an interpretive research project. Such an approach to design starts with the recognition that researchers are inevitably embedded in the intersubjective social processes of the worlds they study.In focusing on researchers’ theoretical, ontological, epistemological, and methods choices in designing research projects, Schwartz-Shea and Yanow set the stage for other volumes in the Routledge Series on Interpretive Methods. They also engage some very practical issues, such as ethics reviews and the structure of research proposals. This concise guide explores where research questions come from, criteria for evaluating research designs, how interpretive researchers engage with \\\"world-making,\\\" context, systematicity and flexibility, reflexivity and positionality, and such contemporary issues as data archiving and the researcher’s body in the field.\",\"language\":\"en\",\"publisher\":\"Routledge\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Schwartz-Shea\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Peregrine\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Yanow\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Dvora\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"month\":\"June\",\"year\":\"2013\",\"note\":\"Google-Books-ID: QUopKZoq0GAC\",\"keywords\":\"Business & Economics / Economics / General, Business & Economics / General, Political Science / General, Reference / Research, Social Science / Anthropology / General, Social Science / Research, Social Science / Sociology / General, Social Science / Sociology / Urban\",\"bibtex\":\"@book{schwartz-shea_interpretive_2013,\\n\\ttitle = {Interpretive {Research} {Design}: {Concepts} and {Processes}},\\n\\tisbn = {978-1-136-99382-4},\\n\\tshorttitle = {Interpretive {Research} {Design}},\\n\\turl = {https://www.routledge.com/Interpretive-Research-Design-Concepts-and-Processes/Schwartz-Shea-Yanow/p/book/9780415878081},\\n\\tabstract = {Research design is fundamental to all scientific endeavors, at all levels and in all institutional settings. In many social science disciplines, however, scholars working in an interpretive-qualitative tradition get little guidance on this aspect of research from the positivist-centered training they receive. This book is an authoritative examination of the concepts and processes underlying the design of an interpretive research project. Such an approach to design starts with the recognition that researchers are inevitably embedded in the intersubjective social processes of the worlds they study.In focusing on researchers’ theoretical, ontological, epistemological, and methods choices in designing research projects, Schwartz-Shea and Yanow set the stage for other volumes in the Routledge Series on Interpretive Methods. They also engage some very practical issues, such as ethics reviews and the structure of research proposals. This concise guide explores where research questions come from, criteria for evaluating research designs, how interpretive researchers engage with \\\"world-making,\\\" context, systematicity and flexibility, reflexivity and positionality, and such contemporary issues as data archiving and the researcher’s body in the field.},\\n\\tlanguage = {en},\\n\\tpublisher = {Routledge},\\n\\tauthor = {Schwartz-Shea, Peregrine and Yanow, Dvora},\\n\\tmonth = jun,\\n\\tyear = {2013},\\n\\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: QUopKZoq0GAC},\\n\\tkeywords = {Business \\\\& Economics / Economics / General, Business \\\\& Economics / General, Political Science / General, Reference / Research, Social Science / Anthropology / General, Social Science / Research, Social Science / Sociology / General, Social Science / Sociology / Urban},\\n}\\n\\n\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Schwartz-Shea, P.\",\"Yanow, D.\"],\"key\":\"schwartz-shea_interpretive_2013\",\"id\":\"schwartz-shea_interpretive_2013\",\"bibbaseid\":\"schwartzshea-yanow-interpretiveresearchdesignconceptsandprocesses-2013\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{\"Paper\":\"https://www.routledge.com/Interpretive-Research-Design-Concepts-and-Processes/Schwartz-Shea-Yanow/p/book/9780415878081\"},\"keyword\":[\"Business & Economics / Economics / General\",\"Business & Economics / General\",\"Political Science / General\",\"Reference / Research\",\"Social Science / Anthropology / General\",\"Social Science / Research\",\"Social Science / Sociology / General\",\"Social Science / Sociology / Urban\"],\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"book\",\"type\":\"book\",\"address\":\"New York\",\"title\":\"Elucidating Social Science Concepts: An Interpretivist Guide\",\"isbn\":\"978-0-203-81493-2\",\"shorttitle\":\"Elucidating Social Science Concepts\",\"url\":\"https://www.routledge.com/Elucidating-Social-Science-Concepts-An-Interpretivist-Guide/Schaffer/p/book/9780415893268\",\"abstract\":\"Concepts have always been foundational to the social science enterprise. This book is a guide to working with them. Against the positivist project of concept\",\"publisher\":\"Routledge\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Schaffer\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Frederic\",\"Charles\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"month\":\"August\",\"year\":\"2015\",\"doi\":\"10.4324/9780203814932\",\"bibtex\":\"@book{schaffer_elucidating_2015,\\n\\taddress = {New York},\\n\\ttitle = {Elucidating {Social} {Science} {Concepts}: {An} {Interpretivist} {Guide}},\\n\\tisbn = {978-0-203-81493-2},\\n\\tshorttitle = {Elucidating {Social} {Science} {Concepts}},\\n\\turl = {https://www.routledge.com/Elucidating-Social-Science-Concepts-An-Interpretivist-Guide/Schaffer/p/book/9780415893268},\\n\\tabstract = {Concepts have always been foundational to the social science enterprise. This book is a guide to working with them. Against the positivist project of concept},\\n\\tpublisher = {Routledge},\\n\\tauthor = {Schaffer, Frederic Charles},\\n\\tmonth = aug,\\n\\tyear = {2015},\\n\\tdoi = {10.4324/9780203814932},\\n}\\n\\n\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Schaffer, F. C.\"],\"key\":\"schaffer_elucidating_2015\",\"id\":\"schaffer_elucidating_2015\",\"bibbaseid\":\"schaffer-elucidatingsocialscienceconceptsaninterpretivistguide-2015\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{\"Paper\":\"https://www.routledge.com/Elucidating-Social-Science-Concepts-An-Interpretivist-Guide/Schaffer/p/book/9780415893268\"},\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"book\",\"type\":\"book\",\"address\":\"Oxford\",\"edition\":\"Reprint edition\",\"title\":\"Interpretive Social Science: An Anti-Naturalist Approach\",\"isbn\":\"978-0-19-883295-9\",\"shorttitle\":\"Interpretive Social Science\",\"url\":\"https://academic.oup.com/book/11226\",\"abstract\":\"In this book Mark Bevir and Jason Blakely set out to make the most comprehensive case yet for an 'interpretive' or hermeneutic approach to the social sciences. Interpretive approaches are a major growth area in the social sciences today. This is because they offer a full-blown alternative to the behavioralism, institutionalism, rational choice, and other quasi-scientific approaches that dominate the study of human behavior. In addition to presenting a systematic case for interpretivism and a critique of scientism, Bevir and Blakely also propose their own uniquely 'anti-naturalist 'notion of an interpretive approach. This anti-naturalist framework encompasses the insights of philosophers ranging from Michel Foucault and Hans-Georg Gadamer to Charles Taylor and Ludwig Wittgenstein, while also resolving dilemmas that have plagued rival philosophical defenses of interpretivism. In addition, working social scientists are given detailed discussions of a distinctly interpretive approach to methods and empirical research. The book draws on the latest social science to cover everything from concept formation and empirical inquiry to ethics, democratic theory, and public policy. An anti-naturalist approach to interpretive social science offers nothing short of a sweeping paradigm shift in the study of human beings and society. This book will be of interest to all who seek a humanistic alternative to the scientism that overwhelms the study of human beings today.\",\"language\":\"English\",\"publisher\":\"Oxford University Press\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Bevir\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Mark\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Blakely\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Jason\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"month\":\"February\",\"year\":\"2019\",\"bibtex\":\"@book{bevir_interpretive_2019,\\n\\taddress = {Oxford},\\n\\tedition = {Reprint edition},\\n\\ttitle = {Interpretive {Social} {Science}: {An} {Anti}-{Naturalist} {Approach}},\\n\\tisbn = {978-0-19-883295-9},\\n\\tshorttitle = {Interpretive {Social} {Science}},\\n\\turl = {https://academic.oup.com/book/11226},\\n\\tabstract = {In this book Mark Bevir and Jason Blakely set out to make the most comprehensive case yet for an 'interpretive' or hermeneutic approach to the social sciences. Interpretive approaches are a major growth area in the social sciences today. This is because they offer a full-blown alternative to the behavioralism, institutionalism, rational choice, and other quasi-scientific approaches that dominate the study of human behavior. In addition to presenting a systematic case for interpretivism and a critique of scientism, Bevir and Blakely also propose their own uniquely 'anti-naturalist 'notion of an interpretive approach. This anti-naturalist framework encompasses the insights of philosophers ranging from Michel Foucault and Hans-Georg Gadamer to Charles Taylor and Ludwig Wittgenstein, while also resolving dilemmas that have plagued rival philosophical defenses of interpretivism. In addition, working social scientists are given detailed discussions of a distinctly interpretive approach to methods and empirical research. The book draws on the latest social science to cover everything from concept formation and empirical inquiry to ethics, democratic theory, and public policy. An anti-naturalist approach to interpretive social science offers nothing short of a sweeping paradigm shift in the study of human beings and society. This book will be of interest to all who seek a humanistic alternative to the scientism that overwhelms the study of human beings today.},\\n\\tlanguage = {English},\\n\\tpublisher = {Oxford University Press},\\n\\tauthor = {Bevir, Mark and Blakely, Jason},\\n\\tmonth = feb,\\n\\tyear = {2019},\\n}\\n\\n\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Bevir, M.\",\"Blakely, J.\"],\"key\":\"bevir_interpretive_2019\",\"id\":\"bevir_interpretive_2019\",\"bibbaseid\":\"bevir-blakely-interpretivesocialscienceanantinaturalistapproach-2019\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{\"Paper\":\"https://academic.oup.com/book/11226\"},\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"book\",\"type\":\"book\",\"address\":\"New York, NY ; Abingdon, Oxon\",\"series\":\"Routledge series on interpretive methods\",\"title\":\"Interviewing in Social Science Research: a Relational Approach\",\"isbn\":\"978-0-415-84372-0 978-0-415-84374-4\",\"shorttitle\":\"Interviewing in social science research\",\"url\":\"https://www.routledge.com/Interviewing-in-Social-Science-Research-A-Relational-Approach/Fujii/p/book/9780415843744\",\"publisher\":\"Routledge\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Fujii\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Lee\",\"Ann\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"year\":\"2018\",\"keywords\":\"Interviewing, Interviewing in sociology\",\"bibtex\":\"@book{fujii_interviewing_2018,\\n\\taddress = {New York, NY ; Abingdon, Oxon},\\n\\tseries = {Routledge series on interpretive methods},\\n\\ttitle = {Interviewing in {Social} {Science} {Research}: a {Relational} {Approach}},\\n\\tisbn = {978-0-415-84372-0 978-0-415-84374-4},\\n\\tshorttitle = {Interviewing in social science research},\\n\\turl = {https://www.routledge.com/Interviewing-in-Social-Science-Research-A-Relational-Approach/Fujii/p/book/9780415843744},\\n\\tpublisher = {Routledge},\\n\\tauthor = {Fujii, Lee Ann},\\n\\tyear = {2018},\\n\\tkeywords = {Interviewing, Interviewing in sociology},\\n}\\n\\n\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Fujii, L. A.\"],\"key\":\"fujii_interviewing_2018\",\"id\":\"fujii_interviewing_2018\",\"bibbaseid\":\"fujii-interviewinginsocialscienceresearcharelationalapproach-2018\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{\"Paper\":\"https://www.routledge.com/Interviewing-in-Social-Science-Research-A-Relational-Approach/Fujii/p/book/9780415843744\"},\"keyword\":[\"Interviewing\",\"Interviewing in sociology\"],\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"book\",\"type\":\"book\",\"address\":\"New York, NY\",\"title\":\"Analyzing Social Narratives\",\"isbn\":\"978-0-203-10908-3\",\"abstract\":\"Interpreting human stories, whether those told by individuals, groups, organizations, nations, or even civilizations, opens a wide scope of research options for\",\"publisher\":\"Routledge\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Shenhav\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Shaul\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"month\":\"May\",\"year\":\"2015\",\"doi\":\"10.4324/9780203109083\",\"bibtex\":\"@book{shenhav_analyzing_2015,\\n\\taddress = {New York, NY},\\n\\ttitle = {Analyzing {Social} {Narratives}},\\n\\tisbn = {978-0-203-10908-3},\\n\\tabstract = {Interpreting human stories, whether those told by individuals, groups, organizations, nations, or even civilizations, opens a wide scope of research options for},\\n\\tpublisher = {Routledge},\\n\\tauthor = {Shenhav, Shaul},\\n\\tmonth = may,\\n\\tyear = {2015},\\n\\tdoi = {10.4324/9780203109083},\\n}\\n\\n\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Shenhav, S.\"],\"key\":\"shenhav_analyzing_2015\",\"id\":\"shenhav_analyzing_2015\",\"bibbaseid\":\"shenhav-analyzingsocialnarratives-2015\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{},\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"book\",\"type\":\"book\",\"address\":\"New York\",\"title\":\"Interpreting International Politics\",\"isbn\":\"978-0-203-80108-6\",\"url\":\"https://www.routledge.com/Interpreting-International-Politics/Lynch/p/book/9780415896917\",\"abstract\":\"Interpreting International Politics addresses each of the major, \\\"traditional\\\" subfields in International Relations: International Law and Organization,\",\"publisher\":\"Routledge\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Lynch\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Cecelia\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"month\":\"December\",\"year\":\"2013\",\"doi\":\"10.4324/9780203801086\",\"bibtex\":\"@book{lynch_interpreting_2013,\\n\\taddress = {New York},\\n\\ttitle = {Interpreting {International} {Politics}},\\n\\tisbn = {978-0-203-80108-6},\\n\\turl = {https://www.routledge.com/Interpreting-International-Politics/Lynch/p/book/9780415896917},\\n\\tabstract = {Interpreting International Politics addresses each of the major, \\\"traditional\\\" subfields in International Relations: International Law and Organization,},\\n\\tpublisher = {Routledge},\\n\\tauthor = {Lynch, Cecelia},\\n\\tmonth = dec,\\n\\tyear = {2013},\\n\\tdoi = {10.4324/9780203801086},\\n}\\n\\n\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Lynch, C.\"],\"key\":\"lynch_interpreting_2013\",\"id\":\"lynch_interpreting_2013\",\"bibbaseid\":\"lynch-interpretinginternationalpolitics-2013\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{\"Paper\":\"https://www.routledge.com/Interpreting-International-Politics/Lynch/p/book/9780415896917\"},\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"book\",\"type\":\"book\",\"address\":\"Cambridge\",\"title\":\"Rethinking Comparison: Innovative Methods for Qualitative Political Inquiry\",\"isbn\":\"978-1-108-83279-3\",\"shorttitle\":\"Rethinking Comparison\",\"url\":\"https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/rethinking-comparison/7ACD40CFC796F9A00104A74E4FFE5756\",\"abstract\":\"Qualitative comparative methods – and specifically controlled qualitative comparisons – are central to the study of politics. They are not the only kind of comparison, though, that can help us better understand political processes and outcomes. Yet there are few guides for how to conduct non-controlled comparative research. This volume brings together chapters from more than a dozen leading methods scholars from across the discipline of political science, including positivist and interpretivist scholars, qualitative methodologists, mixed-methods researchers, ethnographers, historians, and statisticians. Their work revolutionizes qualitative research design by diversifying the repertoire of comparative methods available to students of politics, offering readers clear suggestions for what kinds of comparisons might be possible, why they are useful, and how to execute them. By systematically thinking through how we engage in qualitative comparisons and the kinds of insights those comparisons produce, these collected essays create new possibilities to advance what we know about politics.\",\"urldate\":\"2024-08-08\",\"publisher\":\"Cambridge University Press\",\"editor\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Simmons\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Erica\",\"S.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Smith\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Nicholas\",\"Rush\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"year\":\"2021\",\"doi\":\"10.1017/9781108966009\",\"bibtex\":\"@book{simmons_rethinking_2021,\\n\\taddress = {Cambridge},\\n\\ttitle = {Rethinking {Comparison}: {Innovative} {Methods} for {Qualitative} {Political} {Inquiry}},\\n\\tisbn = {978-1-108-83279-3},\\n\\tshorttitle = {Rethinking {Comparison}},\\n\\turl = {https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/rethinking-comparison/7ACD40CFC796F9A00104A74E4FFE5756},\\n\\tabstract = {Qualitative comparative methods – and specifically controlled qualitative comparisons – are central to the study of politics. They are not the only kind of comparison, though, that can help us better understand political processes and outcomes. Yet there are few guides for how to conduct non-controlled comparative research. This volume brings together chapters from more than a dozen leading methods scholars from across the discipline of political science, including positivist and interpretivist scholars, qualitative methodologists, mixed-methods researchers, ethnographers, historians, and statisticians. Their work revolutionizes qualitative research design by diversifying the repertoire of comparative methods available to students of politics, offering readers clear suggestions for what kinds of comparisons might be possible, why they are useful, and how to execute them. By systematically thinking through how we engage in qualitative comparisons and the kinds of insights those comparisons produce, these collected essays create new possibilities to advance what we know about politics.},\\n\\turldate = {2024-08-08},\\n\\tpublisher = {Cambridge University Press},\\n\\teditor = {Simmons, Erica S. and Smith, Nicholas Rush},\\n\\tyear = {2021},\\n\\tdoi = {10.1017/9781108966009},\\n}\\n\\n\\n\\n\",\"editor_short\":[\"Simmons, E. S.\",\"Smith, N. R.\"],\"key\":\"simmons_rethinking_2021\",\"id\":\"simmons_rethinking_2021\",\"bibbaseid\":\"simmons-smith-rethinkingcomparisoninnovativemethodsforqualitativepoliticalinquiry-2021\",\"role\":\"editor\",\"urls\":{\"Paper\":\"https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/rethinking-comparison/7ACD40CFC796F9A00104A74E4FFE5756\"},\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"book\",\"type\":\"book\",\"title\":\"How Does a Policy Mean?: Interpreting Policy and Organizational Actions\",\"isbn\":\"978-0-87840-611-1\",\"shorttitle\":\"How Does a Policy Mean?\",\"url\":\"https://press.georgetown.edu/Book/How-Does-A-Policy-Mean\",\"abstract\":\"\\\"Contributes insightfully to our understanding of political language & symbolism.\\\"-Murray Edelman, Professor Emeritus of Political Science, University of Wisconsin.\",\"language\":\"en\",\"publisher\":\"Georgetown University Press\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Yanow\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Dvora\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"year\":\"1996\",\"note\":\"Google-Books-ID: 9myoFm367GAC\",\"keywords\":\"Business & Economics / Organizational Behavior, Political Science / General, Political Science / History & Theory, Political Science / Public Affairs & Administration, Political Science / Public Policy / General, Social Science / Sociology / General\",\"bibtex\":\"@book{yanow_how_1996,\\n\\ttitle = {How {Does} a {Policy} {Mean}?: {Interpreting} {Policy} and {Organizational} {Actions}},\\n\\tisbn = {978-0-87840-611-1},\\n\\tshorttitle = {How {Does} a {Policy} {Mean}?},\\n\\turl = {https://press.georgetown.edu/Book/How-Does-A-Policy-Mean},\\n\\tabstract = {\\\"Contributes insightfully to our understanding of political language \\\\& symbolism.\\\"-Murray Edelman, Professor Emeritus of Political Science, University of Wisconsin.},\\n\\tlanguage = {en},\\n\\tpublisher = {Georgetown University Press},\\n\\tauthor = {Yanow, Dvora},\\n\\tyear = {1996},\\n\\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: 9myoFm367GAC},\\n\\tkeywords = {Business \\\\& Economics / Organizational Behavior, Political Science / General, Political Science / History \\\\& Theory, Political Science / Public Affairs \\\\& Administration, Political Science / Public Policy / General, Social Science / Sociology / General},\\n}\\n\\n\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Yanow, D.\"],\"key\":\"yanow_how_1996\",\"id\":\"yanow_how_1996\",\"bibbaseid\":\"yanow-howdoesapolicymeaninterpretingpolicyandorganizationalactions-1996\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{\"Paper\":\"https://press.georgetown.edu/Book/How-Does-A-Policy-Mean\"},\"keyword\":[\"Business & Economics / Organizational Behavior\",\"Political Science / General\",\"Political Science / History & Theory\",\"Political Science / Public Affairs & Administration\",\"Political Science / Public Policy / General\",\"Social Science / Sociology / General\"],\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"downloads\":0,\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"book\",\"type\":\"book\",\"address\":\"Newbury Park, CA\",\"title\":\"Conducting Interpretive Policy Analysis\",\"isbn\":\"978-1-4129-8374-7\",\"url\":\"https://methods.sagepub.com/book/conducting-interpretive-policy-analysis\",\"abstract\":\"\\\\textlessp\\\\textgreaterThis book presents a much needed guide to interpretative techniques and methods for policy research. The author begins by describing what interpretative appr\",\"language\":\"en\",\"urldate\":\"2024-08-08\",\"publisher\":\"SAGE Publications, Inc.\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Yanow\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Dvora\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"year\":\"2000\",\"doi\":\"10.4135/9781412983747\",\"bibtex\":\"@book{yanow_conducting_2000,\\n\\taddress = {Newbury Park, CA},\\n\\ttitle = {Conducting {Interpretive} {Policy} {Analysis}},\\n\\tisbn = {978-1-4129-8374-7},\\n\\turl = {https://methods.sagepub.com/book/conducting-interpretive-policy-analysis},\\n\\tabstract = {{\\\\textless}p{\\\\textgreater}This book presents a much needed guide to interpretative techniques and methods for policy research. The author begins by describing what interpretative appr},\\n\\tlanguage = {en},\\n\\turldate = {2024-08-08},\\n\\tpublisher = {SAGE Publications, Inc.},\\n\\tauthor = {Yanow, Dvora},\\n\\tyear = {2000},\\n\\tdoi = {10.4135/9781412983747},\\n}\\n\\n\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Yanow, D.\"],\"key\":\"yanow_conducting_2000\",\"id\":\"yanow_conducting_2000\",\"bibbaseid\":\"yanow-conductinginterpretivepolicyanalysis-2000\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{\"Paper\":\"https://methods.sagepub.com/book/conducting-interpretive-policy-analysis\"},\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"book\",\"type\":\"book\",\"address\":\"New York\",\"edition\":\"2\",\"title\":\"Interpretation and Method: Empirical Research Methods and the Interpretive Turn\",\"isbn\":\"978-1-315-70327-5\",\"shorttitle\":\"Interpretation and Method\",\"url\":\"https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/edit/10.4324/9781315703275/interpretation-method-dvora-yanow-peregrine-schwartz-shea\",\"abstract\":\"Exceptionally clear and well-written chapters provide engaging discussions of the methods of accessing, generating, and analyzing social science data, using\",\"publisher\":\"Routledge\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Yanow\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Dvora\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Schwartz-Shea\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Peregrine\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"month\":\"March\",\"year\":\"2015\",\"doi\":\"10.4324/9781315703275\",\"bibtex\":\"@book{yanow_interpretation_2015,\\n\\taddress = {New York},\\n\\tedition = {2},\\n\\ttitle = {Interpretation and {Method}: {Empirical} {Research} {Methods} and the {Interpretive} {Turn}},\\n\\tisbn = {978-1-315-70327-5},\\n\\tshorttitle = {Interpretation and {Method}},\\n\\turl = {https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/edit/10.4324/9781315703275/interpretation-method-dvora-yanow-peregrine-schwartz-shea},\\n\\tabstract = {Exceptionally clear and well-written chapters provide engaging discussions of the methods of accessing, generating, and analyzing social science data, using},\\n\\tpublisher = {Routledge},\\n\\tauthor = {Yanow, Dvora and Schwartz-Shea, Peregrine},\\n\\tmonth = mar,\\n\\tyear = {2015},\\n\\tdoi = {10.4324/9781315703275},\\n}\\n\\n\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Yanow, D.\",\"Schwartz-Shea, P.\"],\"key\":\"yanow_interpretation_2015\",\"id\":\"yanow_interpretation_2015\",\"bibbaseid\":\"yanow-schwartzshea-interpretationandmethodempiricalresearchmethodsandtheinterpretiveturn-2015\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{\"Paper\":\"https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/edit/10.4324/9781315703275/interpretation-method-dvora-yanow-peregrine-schwartz-shea\"},\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"article\",\"type\":\"article\",\"title\":\"Organizational ethnography between toolbox and world‐making\",\"volume\":\"1\",\"issn\":\"2046-6749\",\"url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1108/202466741211220633\",\"doi\":\"10.1108/202466741211220633\",\"abstract\":\"Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to take account of organizational ethnography in its historical and methodological context, on the occasion of the inauguration of the Journal of Organizational Ethnography. Design/methodology/approach – This essay brings together some current issues and concerns in one form of “marked” ethnography. Findings – This essay touches on the questions: what is organizational ethnography and why is it re‐emerging now?; and on related questions, on its way to engaging some of the key methodological issues in organizational ethnography that today merit attention. Originality/value – The paper may be of value to readers who are interested in the method and in one researcher's conceptual‐methodological take on it.\",\"number\":\"1\",\"urldate\":\"2024-08-09\",\"journal\":\"Journal of Organizational Ethnography\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Yanow\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Dvora\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"month\":\"January\",\"year\":\"2012\",\"note\":\"Publisher: Emerald Group Publishing Limited\",\"keywords\":\"Ethnography, Marked ethnography, Organizational ethnography, Organizations\",\"pages\":\"31–42\",\"bibtex\":\"@article{yanow_organizational_2012,\\n\\ttitle = {Organizational ethnography between toolbox and world‐making},\\n\\tvolume = {1},\\n\\tissn = {2046-6749},\\n\\turl = {https://doi.org/10.1108/202466741211220633},\\n\\tdoi = {10.1108/202466741211220633},\\n\\tabstract = {Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to take account of organizational ethnography in its historical and methodological context, on the occasion of the inauguration of the Journal of Organizational Ethnography. Design/methodology/approach – This essay brings together some current issues and concerns in one form of “marked” ethnography. Findings – This essay touches on the questions: what is organizational ethnography and why is it re‐emerging now?; and on related questions, on its way to engaging some of the key methodological issues in organizational ethnography that today merit attention. Originality/value – The paper may be of value to readers who are interested in the method and in one researcher's conceptual‐methodological take on it.},\\n\\tnumber = {1},\\n\\turldate = {2024-08-09},\\n\\tjournal = {Journal of Organizational Ethnography},\\n\\tauthor = {Yanow, Dvora},\\n\\tmonth = jan,\\n\\tyear = {2012},\\n\\tnote = {Publisher: Emerald Group Publishing Limited},\\n\\tkeywords = {Ethnography, Marked ethnography, Organizational ethnography, Organizations},\\n\\tpages = {31--42},\\n}\\n\\n\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Yanow, D.\"],\"key\":\"yanow_organizational_2012\",\"id\":\"yanow_organizational_2012\",\"bibbaseid\":\"yanow-organizationalethnographybetweentoolboxandworldmaking-2012\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{\"Paper\":\"https://doi.org/10.1108/202466741211220633\"},\"keyword\":[\"Ethnography\",\"Marked ethnography\",\"Organizational ethnography\",\"Organizations\"],\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"article\",\"type\":\"article\",\"title\":\"Reflections on Ethnographic Work in Political Science\",\"volume\":\"13\",\"issn\":\"1094-2939, 1545-1577\",\"url\":\"https://www.annualreviews.org/content/journals/10.1146/annurev.polisci.11.052706.123951\",\"doi\":\"10.1146/annurev.polisci.11.052706.123951\",\"abstract\":\"The objectivist truth claims traditionally pressed by most political scientists have made the use of ethnographic methods particularly fraught in the discipline. This article explores what ethnography as a method entails. It makes distinctions between positivist and interpretivist ethnographies and highlights some of the substantive contributions ethnography has made to the study of politics. Lamenting the discipline&apos;s abandonment of a conversation with anthropology after Geertz, this review also insists on moving beyond the anthropological controversies so powerfully expressed in the edited volume Writing Culture (1986) and other texts of the 1980s and 1990s. I contend that interpretive social science does not have to forswear generalizations or causal explanations and that ethnographic methods can be used in the service of establishing them. Rather than fleeing from abstractions, ethnographies can and should help ground them.\",\"language\":\"en\",\"number\":\"Volume 13, 2010\",\"urldate\":\"2024-08-08\",\"journal\":\"Annual Review of Political Science\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Wedeen\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Lisa\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"month\":\"June\",\"year\":\"2010\",\"note\":\"Publisher: Annual Reviews\",\"pages\":\"255–272\",\"bibtex\":\"@article{wedeen_reflections_2010,\\n\\ttitle = {Reflections on {Ethnographic} {Work} in {Political} {Science}},\\n\\tvolume = {13},\\n\\tissn = {1094-2939, 1545-1577},\\n\\turl = {https://www.annualreviews.org/content/journals/10.1146/annurev.polisci.11.052706.123951},\\n\\tdoi = {10.1146/annurev.polisci.11.052706.123951},\\n\\tabstract = {The objectivist truth claims traditionally pressed by most political scientists have made the use of ethnographic methods particularly fraught in the discipline. This article explores what ethnography as a method entails. It makes distinctions between positivist and interpretivist ethnographies and highlights some of the substantive contributions ethnography has made to the study of politics. Lamenting the discipline\\\\&apos;s abandonment of a conversation with anthropology after Geertz, this review also insists on moving beyond the anthropological controversies so powerfully expressed in the edited volume Writing Culture (1986) and other texts of the 1980s and 1990s. I contend that interpretive social science does not have to forswear generalizations or causal explanations and that ethnographic methods can be used in the service of establishing them. Rather than fleeing from abstractions, ethnographies can and should help ground them.},\\n\\tlanguage = {en},\\n\\tnumber = {Volume 13, 2010},\\n\\turldate = {2024-08-08},\\n\\tjournal = {Annual Review of Political Science},\\n\\tauthor = {Wedeen, Lisa},\\n\\tmonth = jun,\\n\\tyear = {2010},\\n\\tnote = {Publisher: Annual Reviews},\\n\\tpages = {255--272},\\n}\\n\\n\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Wedeen, L.\"],\"key\":\"wedeen_reflections_2010\",\"id\":\"wedeen_reflections_2010\",\"bibbaseid\":\"wedeen-reflectionsonethnographicworkinpoliticalscience-2010\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{\"Paper\":\"https://www.annualreviews.org/content/journals/10.1146/annurev.polisci.11.052706.123951\"},\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"article\",\"type\":\"article\",\"title\":\"Conceptualizing Culture: Possibilities for Political Science\",\"volume\":\"96\",\"issn\":\"1537-5943, 0003-0554\",\"shorttitle\":\"Conceptualizing Culture\",\"url\":\"https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/american-political-science-review/article/abs/conceptualizing-culture-possibilities-for-political-science/2F57165F4D176F48592D4DE8900EF5D3\",\"doi\":\"10.1017/S0003055402000400\",\"abstract\":\"This essay makes a case for an anthropological conceptualization of culture as “semiotic practices” and demonstrates how it adds value to political analyses. “Semiotic practices” refers to the processes of meaning-making in which agents' practices (e.g., their work habits, self-policing strategies, and leisure patterns) interact with their language and other symbolic systems. This version of culture can be employed on two levels. First, it refers to what symbols do—how symbols are inscribed in practices that operate to produce observable political effects. Second, “culture” is an abstract theoretical category, a lens that focuses on meaning, rather than on, say, prices or votes. By thinking of meaning construction in terms that emphasize intelligibility, as opposed to deep-seated psychological orientations, a practice-oriented approach avoids unacknowledged ambiguities that have bedeviled scholarly thinking and generated incommensurable understandings of what culture is. Through a brief exploration of two concerns central to political science—compliance and ethnic identity-formation—this paper ends by showing how culture as semiotic practices can be applied as a causal variable.\",\"language\":\"en\",\"number\":\"4\",\"urldate\":\"2024-08-08\",\"journal\":\"American Political Science Review\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Wedeen\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Lisa\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"month\":\"December\",\"year\":\"2002\",\"pages\":\"713–728\",\"bibtex\":\"@article{wedeen_conceptualizing_2002,\\n\\ttitle = {Conceptualizing {Culture}: {Possibilities} for {Political} {Science}},\\n\\tvolume = {96},\\n\\tissn = {1537-5943, 0003-0554},\\n\\tshorttitle = {Conceptualizing {Culture}},\\n\\turl = {https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/american-political-science-review/article/abs/conceptualizing-culture-possibilities-for-political-science/2F57165F4D176F48592D4DE8900EF5D3},\\n\\tdoi = {10.1017/S0003055402000400},\\n\\tabstract = {This essay makes a case for an anthropological conceptualization of culture as “semiotic practices” and demonstrates how it adds value to political analyses. “Semiotic practices” refers to the processes of meaning-making in which agents' practices (e.g., their work habits, self-policing strategies, and leisure patterns) interact with their language and other symbolic systems. This version of culture can be employed on two levels. First, it refers to what symbols do—how symbols are inscribed in practices that operate to produce observable political effects. Second, “culture” is an abstract theoretical category, a lens that focuses on meaning, rather than on, say, prices or votes. By thinking of meaning construction in terms that emphasize intelligibility, as opposed to deep-seated psychological orientations, a practice-oriented approach avoids unacknowledged ambiguities that have bedeviled scholarly thinking and generated incommensurable understandings of what culture is. Through a brief exploration of two concerns central to political science—compliance and ethnic identity-formation—this paper ends by showing how culture as semiotic practices can be applied as a causal variable.},\\n\\tlanguage = {en},\\n\\tnumber = {4},\\n\\turldate = {2024-08-08},\\n\\tjournal = {American Political Science Review},\\n\\tauthor = {Wedeen, Lisa},\\n\\tmonth = dec,\\n\\tyear = {2002},\\n\\tpages = {713--728},\\n}\\n\\n\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Wedeen, L.\"],\"key\":\"wedeen_conceptualizing_2002\",\"id\":\"wedeen_conceptualizing_2002\",\"bibbaseid\":\"wedeen-conceptualizingculturepossibilitiesforpoliticalscience-2002\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{\"Paper\":\"https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/american-political-science-review/article/abs/conceptualizing-culture-possibilities-for-political-science/2F57165F4D176F48592D4DE8900EF5D3\"},\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"article\",\"type\":\"article\",\"title\":\"Bringing Researchers Back In: Debating the Role of Interpretive Epistemology in Global IR\",\"volume\":\"23\",\"issn\":\"1521-9488\",\"shorttitle\":\"Bringing Researchers Back In\",\"url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1093/isr/viaa099\",\"doi\":\"10.1093/isr/viaa099\",\"abstract\":\"The article discusses interpretive epistemology in international relations (IR) and its advantages to address the field's sociological composition, its scholars’ identity, and knowledge structuration. The research proposes to engage in sociological reflexivity on IR methods and the way in which knowledge accumulation and structuration are driven by canonical assumptions of what are considered “normal”/“good” scientific procedures. The central argument focuses on interpretive epistemological approaches as possible venues for research to participate in the collective effort to address, and redress, the imbalance between the sociology of the field and its knowledge production and structuration processes. By allowing dialogue around meanings and interpretation among increasingly diverse members, an interpretive stance on IR opens the floor to criticism and rival interpretations. More specifically, the paper presents the methodology of interpretive phenomenological analysis as a method which both emphasizes context and actor specificity with regard to the subject of study and fully acknowledges the researcher's identity and voice in scientific inquiry.\",\"number\":\"2\",\"urldate\":\"2024-08-09\",\"journal\":\"International Studies Review\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Vandamme\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Dorothée\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"month\":\"June\",\"year\":\"2021\",\"pages\":\"370–390\",\"bibtex\":\"@article{vandamme_bringing_2021,\\n\\ttitle = {Bringing {Researchers} {Back} {In}: {Debating} the {Role} of {Interpretive} {Epistemology} in {Global} {IR}},\\n\\tvolume = {23},\\n\\tissn = {1521-9488},\\n\\tshorttitle = {Bringing {Researchers} {Back} {In}},\\n\\turl = {https://doi.org/10.1093/isr/viaa099},\\n\\tdoi = {10.1093/isr/viaa099},\\n\\tabstract = {The article discusses interpretive epistemology in international relations (IR) and its advantages to address the field's sociological composition, its scholars’ identity, and knowledge structuration. The research proposes to engage in sociological reflexivity on IR methods and the way in which knowledge accumulation and structuration are driven by canonical assumptions of what are considered “normal”/“good” scientific procedures. The central argument focuses on interpretive epistemological approaches as possible venues for research to participate in the collective effort to address, and redress, the imbalance between the sociology of the field and its knowledge production and structuration processes. By allowing dialogue around meanings and interpretation among increasingly diverse members, an interpretive stance on IR opens the floor to criticism and rival interpretations. More specifically, the paper presents the methodology of interpretive phenomenological analysis as a method which both emphasizes context and actor specificity with regard to the subject of study and fully acknowledges the researcher's identity and voice in scientific inquiry.},\\n\\tnumber = {2},\\n\\turldate = {2024-08-09},\\n\\tjournal = {International Studies Review},\\n\\tauthor = {Vandamme, Dorothée},\\n\\tmonth = jun,\\n\\tyear = {2021},\\n\\tpages = {370--390},\\n}\\n\\n\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Vandamme, D.\"],\"key\":\"vandamme_bringing_2021\",\"id\":\"vandamme_bringing_2021\",\"bibbaseid\":\"vandamme-bringingresearchersbackindebatingtheroleofinterpretiveepistemologyinglobalir-2021\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{\"Paper\":\"https://doi.org/10.1093/isr/viaa099\"},\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"article\",\"type\":\"article\",\"title\":\"The Praxis of Partnership in Civically Engaged Research\",\"volume\":\"54\",\"issn\":\"1049-0965, 1537-5935\",\"url\":\"https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/ps-political-science-and-politics/article/abs/praxis-of-partnership-in-civically-engaged-research/28DA405655F49FE2A1A40BED4747D1F9\",\"doi\":\"10.1017/S1049096521000809\",\"abstract\":\"//static.cambridge.org/content/id/urn%3Acambridge.org%3Aid%3Aarticle%3AS1049096521000809/resource/name/firstPage-S1049096521000809a.jpg\",\"language\":\"en\",\"number\":\"4\",\"urldate\":\"2024-08-09\",\"journal\":\"PS: Political Science & Politics\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Udani\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Adriano\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Dobbs\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Kirstie\",\"Lynn\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"month\":\"October\",\"year\":\"2021\",\"pages\":\"725–729\",\"bibtex\":\"@article{udani_praxis_2021,\\n\\ttitle = {The {Praxis} of {Partnership} in {Civically} {Engaged} {Research}},\\n\\tvolume = {54},\\n\\tissn = {1049-0965, 1537-5935},\\n\\turl = {https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/ps-political-science-and-politics/article/abs/praxis-of-partnership-in-civically-engaged-research/28DA405655F49FE2A1A40BED4747D1F9},\\n\\tdoi = {10.1017/S1049096521000809},\\n\\tabstract = {//static.cambridge.org/content/id/urn\\\\%3Acambridge.org\\\\%3Aid\\\\%3Aarticle\\\\%3AS1049096521000809/resource/name/firstPage-S1049096521000809a.jpg},\\n\\tlanguage = {en},\\n\\tnumber = {4},\\n\\turldate = {2024-08-09},\\n\\tjournal = {PS: Political Science \\\\& Politics},\\n\\tauthor = {Udani, Adriano and Dobbs, Kirstie Lynn},\\n\\tmonth = oct,\\n\\tyear = {2021},\\n\\tpages = {725--729},\\n}\\n\\n\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Udani, A.\",\"Dobbs, K. L.\"],\"key\":\"udani_praxis_2021\",\"id\":\"udani_praxis_2021\",\"bibbaseid\":\"udani-dobbs-thepraxisofpartnershipincivicallyengagedresearch-2021\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{\"Paper\":\"https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/ps-political-science-and-politics/article/abs/praxis-of-partnership-in-civically-engaged-research/28DA405655F49FE2A1A40BED4747D1F9\"},\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"article\",\"type\":\"article\",\"title\":\"Reflexive Openness as Collaborative Methodology\",\"volume\":\"54\",\"issn\":\"1049-0965, 1537-5935\",\"url\":\"https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/ps-political-science-and-politics/article/abs/reflexive-openness-as-collaborative-methodology/D9B32C451DC493F5F697E25D87C21955\",\"doi\":\"10.1017/S1049096521000159\",\"abstract\":\"//static.cambridge.org/content/id/urn%3Acambridge.org%3Aid%3Aarticle%3AS1049096521000159/resource/name/firstPage-S1049096521000159a.jpg\",\"language\":\"en\",\"number\":\"3\",\"urldate\":\"2024-08-09\",\"journal\":\"PS: Political Science & Politics\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Thomson\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Susan\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"month\":\"July\",\"year\":\"2021\",\"pages\":\"530–534\",\"bibtex\":\"@article{thomson_reflexive_2021,\\n\\ttitle = {Reflexive {Openness} as {Collaborative} {Methodology}},\\n\\tvolume = {54},\\n\\tissn = {1049-0965, 1537-5935},\\n\\turl = {https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/ps-political-science-and-politics/article/abs/reflexive-openness-as-collaborative-methodology/D9B32C451DC493F5F697E25D87C21955},\\n\\tdoi = {10.1017/S1049096521000159},\\n\\tabstract = {//static.cambridge.org/content/id/urn\\\\%3Acambridge.org\\\\%3Aid\\\\%3Aarticle\\\\%3AS1049096521000159/resource/name/firstPage-S1049096521000159a.jpg},\\n\\tlanguage = {en},\\n\\tnumber = {3},\\n\\turldate = {2024-08-09},\\n\\tjournal = {PS: Political Science \\\\& Politics},\\n\\tauthor = {Thomson, Susan},\\n\\tmonth = jul,\\n\\tyear = {2021},\\n\\tpages = {530--534},\\n}\\n\\n\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Thomson, S.\"],\"key\":\"thomson_reflexive_2021\",\"id\":\"thomson_reflexive_2021\",\"bibbaseid\":\"thomson-reflexiveopennessascollaborativemethodology-2021\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{\"Paper\":\"https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/ps-political-science-and-politics/article/abs/reflexive-openness-as-collaborative-methodology/D9B32C451DC493F5F697E25D87C21955\"},\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"article\",\"type\":\"article\",\"title\":\"Reflexivity and Temporality in Researching Violent Settings: Problems with the Replicability and Transparency Regime\",\"volume\":\"26\",\"issn\":\"1465-0045\",\"shorttitle\":\"Reflexivity and Temporality in Researching Violent Settings\",\"url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1080/14650045.2019.1643721\",\"doi\":\"10.1080/14650045.2019.1643721\",\"abstract\":\"Researchers studying conflict, violence, and human rights in dangerous settings across the globe face a complex set of ethical, personal, and professional dilemmas. Especially in more positivist fields and professions, there is pressure to conduct and present research as ‘objective’. Yet the reality of field research in violent and conflict-affected settings is much messier than ideals in methodology textbooks or the polished presentation of field data in much published work. I argue that rather than the imposition of blanket positivist standards of replicability and research transparency, research in violent settings needs to draw lessons from interpretivist ideas and methodologies about the researcher’s role in the process of data gathering, analysis, and presentation. I focus on three key issues: reflexivity, temporality, and the geography of research between ‘field’ and ‘home,’ drawing on personal experiences conducting research on conflict, violence, and postconflict society in Liberia, Nicaragua, South Africa, and Uganda. I show how these three issues practically, theoretically, and ethically conflict with replicability and transparency demands. Through a practice of reflexive openness, however, positivist-leaning researchers can more honestly and ethically reconcile realities of research with professional expectations in the field and after returning.\",\"number\":\"1\",\"urldate\":\"2024-08-09\",\"journal\":\"Geopolitics\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Thaler\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Kai\",\"M.\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"month\":\"January\",\"year\":\"2021\",\"note\":\"Publisher: Routledge _eprint: https://doi.org/10.1080/14650045.2019.1643721\",\"pages\":\"18–44\",\"bibtex\":\"@article{thaler_reflexivity_2021,\\n\\ttitle = {Reflexivity and {Temporality} in {Researching} {Violent} {Settings}: {Problems} with the {Replicability} and {Transparency} {Regime}},\\n\\tvolume = {26},\\n\\tissn = {1465-0045},\\n\\tshorttitle = {Reflexivity and {Temporality} in {Researching} {Violent} {Settings}},\\n\\turl = {https://doi.org/10.1080/14650045.2019.1643721},\\n\\tdoi = {10.1080/14650045.2019.1643721},\\n\\tabstract = {Researchers studying conflict, violence, and human rights in dangerous settings across the globe face a complex set of ethical, personal, and professional dilemmas. Especially in more positivist fields and professions, there is pressure to conduct and present research as ‘objective’. Yet the reality of field research in violent and conflict-affected settings is much messier than ideals in methodology textbooks or the polished presentation of field data in much published work. I argue that rather than the imposition of blanket positivist standards of replicability and research transparency, research in violent settings needs to draw lessons from interpretivist ideas and methodologies about the researcher’s role in the process of data gathering, analysis, and presentation. I focus on three key issues: reflexivity, temporality, and the geography of research between ‘field’ and ‘home,’ drawing on personal experiences conducting research on conflict, violence, and postconflict society in Liberia, Nicaragua, South Africa, and Uganda. I show how these three issues practically, theoretically, and ethically conflict with replicability and transparency demands. Through a practice of reflexive openness, however, positivist-leaning researchers can more honestly and ethically reconcile realities of research with professional expectations in the field and after returning.},\\n\\tnumber = {1},\\n\\turldate = {2024-08-09},\\n\\tjournal = {Geopolitics},\\n\\tauthor = {Thaler, Kai M.},\\n\\tmonth = jan,\\n\\tyear = {2021},\\n\\tnote = {Publisher: Routledge\\n\\\\_eprint: https://doi.org/10.1080/14650045.2019.1643721},\\n\\tpages = {18--44},\\n}\\n\\n\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Thaler, K. M.\"],\"key\":\"thaler_reflexivity_2021\",\"id\":\"thaler_reflexivity_2021\",\"bibbaseid\":\"thaler-reflexivityandtemporalityinresearchingviolentsettingsproblemswiththereplicabilityandtransparencyregime-2021\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{\"Paper\":\"https://doi.org/10.1080/14650045.2019.1643721\"},\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"book\",\"type\":\"book\",\"address\":\"New York, N.Y\",\"edition\":\"1\",\"title\":\"Tactical Constructivism, Method, and International Relations\",\"isbn\":\"978-1-315-10903-9\",\"url\":\"https://www.routledge.com/Tactical-Constructivism-Method-and-International-Relations/Steele-Gould-Kessler/p/book/9781032240817\",\"abstract\":\"\\\"This volume draws together accessible and sharp essays from established and rising stars in the fieldreflecting upon their use of methods, and how those methods relate to their training within, or familiarity with, Constructivism in International Relations. Contributors express the role of interpretive methods in their own work and what this might say about todays uses of Constructivism. How might a consistent Constructivism influence the practice and development of methods? Further, what are methods, and might they be considered as tactics towards further ends or strategies, or the ends of theorizing itself? Gathering a variety of voices that approach interpretive methods in diverse ways, Tactical Constructivism includes a vibrant cross-section of contributors, who express how their interpretive methods have been conditioned generationally, spatially (both within and outside of the US academy), and topically. This excitingvolume concludes with a dialogue roundtable between constructivist scholars Patrick Jackson, Cecelia Lynch, and Nicholas Onuf, andwill be ofinterest not only to studentsofmethods and theory in international relations and global politics, but also more established scholars.\\\"–Provided by publisher.\",\"language\":\"en\",\"publisher\":\"Routledge\",\"editor\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Steele\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Brent\",\"J.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Gould\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Harry\",\"D.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Kessler\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Oliver\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"year\":\"2019\",\"note\":\"Google-Books-ID: eziJxgEACAAJ\",\"keywords\":\"Political Science / General, Political Science / Globalization, Political Science / International Relations / General, Political Science / Reference, Social Science / Research\",\"bibtex\":\"@book{steele_tactical_2019,\\n\\taddress = {New York, N.Y},\\n\\tedition = {1},\\n\\ttitle = {Tactical {Constructivism}, {Method}, and {International} {Relations}},\\n\\tisbn = {978-1-315-10903-9},\\n\\turl = {https://www.routledge.com/Tactical-Constructivism-Method-and-International-Relations/Steele-Gould-Kessler/p/book/9781032240817},\\n\\tabstract = {\\\"This volume draws together accessible and sharp essays from established and rising stars in the fieldreflecting upon their use of methods, and how those methods relate to their training within, or familiarity with, Constructivism in International Relations. Contributors express the role of interpretive methods in their own work and what this might say about todays uses of Constructivism. How might a consistent Constructivism influence the practice and development of methods? Further, what are methods, and might they be considered as tactics towards further ends or strategies, or the ends of theorizing itself? Gathering a variety of voices that approach interpretive methods in diverse ways, Tactical Constructivism includes a vibrant cross-section of contributors, who express how their interpretive methods have been conditioned generationally, spatially (both within and outside of the US academy), and topically. This excitingvolume concludes with a dialogue roundtable between constructivist scholars Patrick Jackson, Cecelia Lynch, and Nicholas Onuf, andwill be ofinterest not only to studentsofmethods and theory in international relations and global politics, but also more established scholars.\\\"--Provided by publisher.},\\n\\tlanguage = {en},\\n\\tpublisher = {Routledge},\\n\\teditor = {Steele, Brent J. and Gould, Harry D. and Kessler, Oliver},\\n\\tyear = {2019},\\n\\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: eziJxgEACAAJ},\\n\\tkeywords = {Political Science / General, Political Science / Globalization, Political Science / International Relations / General, Political Science / Reference, Social Science / Research},\\n}\\n\\n\\n\\n\",\"editor_short\":[\"Steele, B. J.\",\"Gould, H. D.\",\"Kessler, O.\"],\"key\":\"steele_tactical_2019\",\"id\":\"steele_tactical_2019\",\"bibbaseid\":\"steele-gould-kessler-tacticalconstructivismmethodandinternationalrelations-2019\",\"role\":\"editor\",\"urls\":{\"Paper\":\"https://www.routledge.com/Tactical-Constructivism-Method-and-International-Relations/Steele-Gould-Kessler/p/book/9781032240817\"},\"keyword\":[\"Political Science / General\",\"Political Science / Globalization\",\"Political Science / International Relations / General\",\"Political Science / Reference\",\"Social Science / Research\"],\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"article\",\"type\":\"article\",\"title\":\"Toward Active Reflexivity: Positionality and Practice in the Production of Knowledge\",\"volume\":\"53\",\"issn\":\"1049-0965, 1537-5935\",\"shorttitle\":\"Toward Active Reflexivity\",\"url\":\"https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/ps-political-science-and-politics/article/toward-active-reflexivity-positionality-and-practice-in-the-production-of-knowledge/ED2DD00CC7C9F7AE55A0BA3139462AFB\",\"doi\":\"10.1017/S1049096519002233\",\"abstract\":\"How should scholars recognize and respond to the complexities of positionality during the research process? Although there has been much theorizing on the intersectional and context-dependent nature of positionality, there remains a disjuncture between how positionality is understood theoretically and how it is applied. Ignoring the dynamism of positionality in practice has implications for the research process. This article theorizes one means of recognizing and responding to positionality in practice: a posture of “active reflexivity.” It outlines how we can become actively reflexive by adopting a disposition toward both ongoing reflection about our own social location and ongoing reflection on our assumptions regarding others’ perceptions. We then articulate four strategies for doing active reflexivity: recording assumptions around positionality; routinizing and systemizing reflexivity; bringing other actors into the process; and “showing our work” in the publication process.\",\"language\":\"en\",\"number\":\"3\",\"urldate\":\"2024-08-09\",\"journal\":\"PS: Political Science & Politics\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Soedirgo\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Jessica\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Glas\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Aarie\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"month\":\"July\",\"year\":\"2020\",\"pages\":\"527–531\",\"bibtex\":\"@article{soedirgo_toward_2020,\\n\\ttitle = {Toward {Active} {Reflexivity}: {Positionality} and {Practice} in the {Production} of {Knowledge}},\\n\\tvolume = {53},\\n\\tissn = {1049-0965, 1537-5935},\\n\\tshorttitle = {Toward {Active} {Reflexivity}},\\n\\turl = {https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/ps-political-science-and-politics/article/toward-active-reflexivity-positionality-and-practice-in-the-production-of-knowledge/ED2DD00CC7C9F7AE55A0BA3139462AFB},\\n\\tdoi = {10.1017/S1049096519002233},\\n\\tabstract = {How should scholars recognize and respond to the complexities of positionality during the research process? Although there has been much theorizing on the intersectional and context-dependent nature of positionality, there remains a disjuncture between how positionality is understood theoretically and how it is applied. Ignoring the dynamism of positionality in practice has implications for the research process. This article theorizes one means of recognizing and responding to positionality in practice: a posture of “active reflexivity.” It outlines how we can become actively reflexive by adopting a disposition toward both ongoing reflection about our own social location and ongoing reflection on our assumptions regarding others’ perceptions. We then articulate four strategies for doing active reflexivity: recording assumptions around positionality; routinizing and systemizing reflexivity; bringing other actors into the process; and “showing our work” in the publication process.},\\n\\tlanguage = {en},\\n\\tnumber = {3},\\n\\turldate = {2024-08-09},\\n\\tjournal = {PS: Political Science \\\\& Politics},\\n\\tauthor = {Soedirgo, Jessica and Glas, Aarie},\\n\\tmonth = jul,\\n\\tyear = {2020},\\n\\tpages = {527--531},\\n}\\n\\n\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Soedirgo, J.\",\"Glas, A.\"],\"key\":\"soedirgo_toward_2020\",\"id\":\"soedirgo_toward_2020\",\"bibbaseid\":\"soedirgo-glas-towardactivereflexivitypositionalityandpracticeintheproductionofknowledge-2020\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{\"Paper\":\"https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/ps-political-science-and-politics/article/toward-active-reflexivity-positionality-and-practice-in-the-production-of-knowledge/ED2DD00CC7C9F7AE55A0BA3139462AFB\"},\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"article\",\"type\":\"article\",\"title\":\"The Case for Comparative Ethnography\",\"volume\":\"51\",\"issn\":\"0010-4159\",\"url\":\"https://www.jstor.org/stable/26663934\",\"abstract\":\"To what extent can comparative methods and ethnographic inquiry combine to advance knowledge in political science? Ethnography is becoming an increasingly popular method within political science. Yet both proponents and detractors often see it as a technique best suited for producing in-depth knowledge about a particular case or for explicating the meaning of a particular political behavior. This article argues that comparative ethnography—ethnographic research that explicitly and intentionally builds an argument through the analysis of two or more cases—can be of particular value to political scientists, and to scholars of comparative politics in particular. The approach can hone our theoretical models, challenge existing conceptual categories, and help develop portable political insights. This article has two goals: (1) to show that comparative ethnographic research deserves a prominent place in the repertoire of qualitative methods and (2) to elaborate the logics of inquiry behind such comparisons so that scholars will be better equipped to use them more frequently. Two or more cases are not always better than one, but comparative ethnography can yield new and different insights with important implications for our understandings of politics.\",\"number\":\"3\",\"urldate\":\"2024-08-09\",\"journal\":\"Comparative Politics\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Simmons\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Erica\",\"S.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Smith\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Nicholas\",\"Rush\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"year\":\"2019\",\"note\":\"Publisher: Comparative Politics, Ph.D. Programs in Political Science, City University of New York\",\"pages\":\"341–359\",\"bibtex\":\"@article{simmons_case_2019,\\n\\ttitle = {The {Case} for {Comparative} {Ethnography}},\\n\\tvolume = {51},\\n\\tissn = {0010-4159},\\n\\turl = {https://www.jstor.org/stable/26663934},\\n\\tabstract = {To what extent can comparative methods and ethnographic inquiry combine to advance knowledge in political science? Ethnography is becoming an increasingly popular method within political science. Yet both proponents and detractors often see it as a technique best suited for producing in-depth knowledge about a particular case or for explicating the meaning of a particular political behavior. This article argues that comparative ethnography—ethnographic research that explicitly and intentionally builds an argument through the analysis of two or more cases—can be of particular value to political scientists, and to scholars of comparative politics in particular. The approach can hone our theoretical models, challenge existing conceptual categories, and help develop portable political insights. This article has two goals: (1) to show that comparative ethnographic research deserves a prominent place in the repertoire of qualitative methods and (2) to elaborate the logics of inquiry behind such comparisons so that scholars will be better equipped to use them more frequently. Two or more cases are not always better than one, but comparative ethnography can yield new and different insights with important implications for our understandings of politics.},\\n\\tnumber = {3},\\n\\turldate = {2024-08-09},\\n\\tjournal = {Comparative Politics},\\n\\tauthor = {Simmons, Erica S. and Smith, Nicholas Rush},\\n\\tyear = {2019},\\n\\tnote = {Publisher: Comparative Politics, Ph.D. Programs in Political Science, City University of New York},\\n\\tpages = {341--359},\\n}\\n\\n\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Simmons, E. S.\",\"Smith, N. R.\"],\"key\":\"simmons_case_2019\",\"id\":\"simmons_case_2019\",\"bibbaseid\":\"simmons-smith-thecaseforcomparativeethnography-2019\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{\"Paper\":\"https://www.jstor.org/stable/26663934\"},\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"article\",\"type\":\"article\",\"title\":\"Legitimizing Political Science or Splitting the Discipline? Reflections on DA-RT and the Policy-making Role of a Professional Association\",\"volume\":\"12\",\"issn\":\"1743-923X, 1743-9248\",\"shorttitle\":\"Legitimizing Political Science or Splitting the Discipline?\",\"url\":\"https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/politics-and-gender/article/abs/legitimizing-political-science-or-splitting-the-discipline-reflections-on-dart-and-the-policymaking-role-of-a-professional-association/A17256D5613DC36ACDD21127FF2B7287\",\"doi\":\"10.1017/S1743923X16000428\",\"abstract\":\"We have been invited by Politics & Gender's editors to review the origins and current standing of the Data Access and Research Transparency (DA-RT) policy, an effort initiated by the eponymous American Political Science Association (APSA) Ad Hoc Committee and led primarily by Colin Elman, Diana Kapiszewski, and Arthur (“Skip”) Lupia. We have not been bystanders in this unfolding history, and in keeping with feminist and interpretive epistemologies that inform our work and that tie positionality to knowledge claims (e.g., Haraway 1988), we include mention of our own involvement (see Mala Htun's 2016 parallel account of her activities). Herein lies one of our main points in assessing DA-RT: from the perspective of interpretive, feminist, and some other qualitative methods, transparency as an epistemological mandate is not new. On the contrary, it is widely accepted, and expected, within certain epistemic communities (noted also in Yanow and Schwartz-Shea 2014); it needs no set of new rules imposed from above, by journal editors and others, for its instantiation. Our assessment includes questions about the relationship between APSA and DA-RT, as the association's support has colored DA-RT's reception. Part of what we seek to account for is resistance on the part of political scientists of various sorts—and not only those in the interpretive community, which we know best—to the DA-RT initiative and even to the participatory Qualitative Transparency Deliberations (QTD) process designed by Alan Jacobs and Tim Büthe (2015) at the invitation of the APSA organized section Qualitative and Multi-Method Research (QMMR; see, e.g., Isaac 2016). Even as we see changes in representations of DA-RT in response to critiques, we are concerned that those questioning the substance of DA-RT and the process of its adoption by APSA (in the Ethics Guidelines) and various journals are being represented by its architects as “either not paying attention to what we have been doing or [as] purposely misrepresenting the project,” including presenting “conspiracy theories, enemy narratives, and speculation about others' motives” (Elman and Lupia, 2106, 45, 50). These very words speak to DA-RT's potential to marginalize dissenters and even split the discipline. How has U.S. political science arrived at this pass?\",\"language\":\"en\",\"number\":\"3\",\"urldate\":\"2024-08-09\",\"journal\":\"Politics & Gender\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Schwartz-Shea\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Peregrine\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Yanow\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Dvora\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"month\":\"September\",\"year\":\"2016\",\"pages\":\"E11, 1–9\",\"bibtex\":\"@article{schwartz-shea_legitimizing_2016,\\n\\ttitle = {Legitimizing {Political} {Science} or {Splitting} the {Discipline}? {Reflections} on {DA}-{RT} and the {Policy}-making {Role} of a {Professional} {Association}},\\n\\tvolume = {12},\\n\\tissn = {1743-923X, 1743-9248},\\n\\tshorttitle = {Legitimizing {Political} {Science} or {Splitting} the {Discipline}?},\\n\\turl = {https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/politics-and-gender/article/abs/legitimizing-political-science-or-splitting-the-discipline-reflections-on-dart-and-the-policymaking-role-of-a-professional-association/A17256D5613DC36ACDD21127FF2B7287},\\n\\tdoi = {10.1017/S1743923X16000428},\\n\\tabstract = {We have been invited by Politics \\\\& Gender's editors to review the origins and current standing of the Data Access and Research Transparency (DA-RT) policy, an effort initiated by the eponymous American Political Science Association (APSA) Ad Hoc Committee and led primarily by Colin Elman, Diana Kapiszewski, and Arthur (“Skip”) Lupia. We have not been bystanders in this unfolding history, and in keeping with feminist and interpretive epistemologies that inform our work and that tie positionality to knowledge claims (e.g., Haraway 1988), we include mention of our own involvement (see Mala Htun's 2016 parallel account of her activities). Herein lies one of our main points in assessing DA-RT: from the perspective of interpretive, feminist, and some other qualitative methods, transparency as an epistemological mandate is not new. On the contrary, it is widely accepted, and expected, within certain epistemic communities (noted also in Yanow and Schwartz-Shea 2014); it needs no set of new rules imposed from above, by journal editors and others, for its instantiation. Our assessment includes questions about the relationship between APSA and DA-RT, as the association's support has colored DA-RT's reception. Part of what we seek to account for is resistance on the part of political scientists of various sorts—and not only those in the interpretive community, which we know best—to the DA-RT initiative and even to the participatory Qualitative Transparency Deliberations (QTD) process designed by Alan Jacobs and Tim Büthe (2015) at the invitation of the APSA organized section Qualitative and Multi-Method Research (QMMR; see, e.g., Isaac 2016). Even as we see changes in representations of DA-RT in response to critiques, we are concerned that those questioning the substance of DA-RT and the process of its adoption by APSA (in the Ethics Guidelines) and various journals are being represented by its architects as “either not paying attention to what we have been doing or [as] purposely misrepresenting the project,” including presenting “conspiracy theories, enemy narratives, and speculation about others' motives” (Elman and Lupia, 2106, 45, 50). These very words speak to DA-RT's potential to marginalize dissenters and even split the discipline. How has U.S. political science arrived at this pass?},\\n\\tlanguage = {en},\\n\\tnumber = {3},\\n\\turldate = {2024-08-09},\\n\\tjournal = {Politics \\\\& Gender},\\n\\tauthor = {Schwartz-Shea, Peregrine and Yanow, Dvora},\\n\\tmonth = sep,\\n\\tyear = {2016},\\n\\tpages = {E11, 1--9},\\n}\\n\\n\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Schwartz-Shea, P.\",\"Yanow, D.\"],\"key\":\"schwartz-shea_legitimizing_2016\",\"id\":\"schwartz-shea_legitimizing_2016\",\"bibbaseid\":\"schwartzshea-yanow-legitimizingpoliticalscienceorsplittingthedisciplinereflectionsondartandthepolicymakingroleofaprofessionalassociation-2016\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{\"Paper\":\"https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/politics-and-gender/article/abs/legitimizing-political-science-or-splitting-the-discipline-reflections-on-dart-and-the-policymaking-role-of-a-professional-association/A17256D5613DC36ACDD21127FF2B7287\"},\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"article\",\"type\":\"article\",\"title\":\"Under Threat? Methodological Pluralism in Public Administration\",\"volume\":\"44\",\"issn\":\"1530-9576\",\"shorttitle\":\"Under Threat?\",\"url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1080/15309576.2019.1694547\",\"doi\":\"10.1080/15309576.2019.1694547\",\"abstract\":\"A consensus appears to be emerging on the desirability of methodological pluralism in public administration research. Scholars as diverse as Riccucci and Meier see it as inevitable in a multidisciplinary, practice-oriented field, and both endorse it as key to advancing theory. Yet it is not always clear what is meant by “methodological pluralism” nor how it is related to scientific progress. I argue that Dryzek’s conceptualization of progress as “lateral” is supportive of a robust methodological pluralism. Then, I analyze three threats to methodological pluralism in public administration: prior ethics review, transparency movements, and the metric mania characteristic of corporatized universities. I conclude that some methodologies and methods, primarily those that are positivist and quantitative, are advantaged over others, which are interpretivist and qualitative. To protect methodological pluralism, the tolerance that Dryzek recommends needs to be extended to structural changes, e.g., requiring a qualitative-interpretive methods course in doctoral programs. More broadly, scholarly autonomy to design and conduct research is increasingly being curtailed by these intertwined threats. Collective action is needed to reverse this worrisome trend. Autonomy for individuals and epistemic communities nourishes the pluralism in research approaches which is essential for understanding and responding to an uncertain, possibly turbulent future.\",\"number\":\"5\",\"urldate\":\"2024-08-09\",\"journal\":\"Public Performance & Management Review\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Schwartz-Shea\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Peregrine\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"month\":\"September\",\"year\":\"2021\",\"note\":\"Publisher: Routledge _eprint: https://doi.org/10.1080/15309576.2019.1694547\",\"keywords\":\"higher education metrics, lateral progress, methodological pluralism, scholarly autonomy, transparency\",\"pages\":\"975–1005\",\"bibtex\":\"@article{schwartz-shea_under_2021,\\n\\ttitle = {Under {Threat}? {Methodological} {Pluralism} in {Public} {Administration}},\\n\\tvolume = {44},\\n\\tissn = {1530-9576},\\n\\tshorttitle = {Under {Threat}?},\\n\\turl = {https://doi.org/10.1080/15309576.2019.1694547},\\n\\tdoi = {10.1080/15309576.2019.1694547},\\n\\tabstract = {A consensus appears to be emerging on the desirability of methodological pluralism in public administration research. Scholars as diverse as Riccucci and Meier see it as inevitable in a multidisciplinary, practice-oriented field, and both endorse it as key to advancing theory. Yet it is not always clear what is meant by “methodological pluralism” nor how it is related to scientific progress. I argue that Dryzek’s conceptualization of progress as “lateral” is supportive of a robust methodological pluralism. Then, I analyze three threats to methodological pluralism in public administration: prior ethics review, transparency movements, and the metric mania characteristic of corporatized universities. I conclude that some methodologies and methods, primarily those that are positivist and quantitative, are advantaged over others, which are interpretivist and qualitative. To protect methodological pluralism, the tolerance that Dryzek recommends needs to be extended to structural changes, e.g., requiring a qualitative-interpretive methods course in doctoral programs. More broadly, scholarly autonomy to design and conduct research is increasingly being curtailed by these intertwined threats. Collective action is needed to reverse this worrisome trend. Autonomy for individuals and epistemic communities nourishes the pluralism in research approaches which is essential for understanding and responding to an uncertain, possibly turbulent future.},\\n\\tnumber = {5},\\n\\turldate = {2024-08-09},\\n\\tjournal = {Public Performance \\\\& Management Review},\\n\\tauthor = {Schwartz-Shea, Peregrine},\\n\\tmonth = sep,\\n\\tyear = {2021},\\n\\tnote = {Publisher: Routledge\\n\\\\_eprint: https://doi.org/10.1080/15309576.2019.1694547},\\n\\tkeywords = {higher education metrics, lateral progress, methodological pluralism, scholarly autonomy, transparency},\\n\\tpages = {975--1005},\\n}\\n\\n\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Schwartz-Shea, P.\"],\"key\":\"schwartz-shea_under_2021\",\"id\":\"schwartz-shea_under_2021\",\"bibbaseid\":\"schwartzshea-underthreatmethodologicalpluralisminpublicadministration-2021\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{\"Paper\":\"https://doi.org/10.1080/15309576.2019.1694547\"},\"keyword\":[\"higher education metrics\",\"lateral progress\",\"methodological pluralism\",\"scholarly autonomy\",\"transparency\"],\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"article\",\"type\":\"article\",\"title\":\"Scholarly Reflexivity, Methodological Practice, and Bevir and Blakely's Anti-Naturalism\",\"volume\":\"31\",\"issn\":\"0891-3811\",\"url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1080/08913811.2019.1708563\",\"doi\":\"10.1080/08913811.2019.1708563\",\"abstract\":\"Interpretive social science consists of researchers’ interpretations of actors’ interpretations. Bevir and Blakely’s anti-naturalist approach truncates this double hermeneutic, neglecting how researcher identity affects knowledge-making. Moreover, by disappearing methodology and treating methods as neutral tools, the authors miss the significance of methodological practice. In their treatment, an anti-naturalist philosophy is sufficient to produce high-quality interpretive research, even when the methods used are those of large-N statistics or other variables-based approaches. Unfortunately, then, the book is unlikely to create more space for research alternatives to the naturalism that the authors seek to unseat.\",\"number\":\"3-4\",\"urldate\":\"2024-08-09\",\"journal\":\"Critical Review\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Schwartz-Shea\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Peregrine\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"month\":\"October\",\"year\":\"2019\",\"note\":\"Publisher: Routledge _eprint: https://doi.org/10.1080/08913811.2019.1708563\",\"keywords\":\"Jason Blakely, Mark Bevir, anti-naturalism, interpretivism, methodology, methods\",\"pages\":\"462–480\",\"bibtex\":\"@article{schwartz-shea_scholarly_2019,\\n\\ttitle = {Scholarly {Reflexivity}, {Methodological} {Practice}, and {Bevir} and {Blakely}'s {Anti}-{Naturalism}},\\n\\tvolume = {31},\\n\\tissn = {0891-3811},\\n\\turl = {https://doi.org/10.1080/08913811.2019.1708563},\\n\\tdoi = {10.1080/08913811.2019.1708563},\\n\\tabstract = {Interpretive social science consists of researchers’ interpretations of actors’ interpretations. Bevir and Blakely’s anti-naturalist approach truncates this double hermeneutic, neglecting how researcher identity affects knowledge-making. Moreover, by disappearing methodology and treating methods as neutral tools, the authors miss the significance of methodological practice. In their treatment, an anti-naturalist philosophy is sufficient to produce high-quality interpretive research, even when the methods used are those of large-N statistics or other variables-based approaches. Unfortunately, then, the book is unlikely to create more space for research alternatives to the naturalism that the authors seek to unseat.},\\n\\tnumber = {3-4},\\n\\turldate = {2024-08-09},\\n\\tjournal = {Critical Review},\\n\\tauthor = {Schwartz-Shea, Peregrine},\\n\\tmonth = oct,\\n\\tyear = {2019},\\n\\tnote = {Publisher: Routledge\\n\\\\_eprint: https://doi.org/10.1080/08913811.2019.1708563},\\n\\tkeywords = {Jason Blakely, Mark Bevir, anti-naturalism, interpretivism, methodology, methods},\\n\\tpages = {462--480},\\n}\\n\\n\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Schwartz-Shea, P.\"],\"key\":\"schwartz-shea_scholarly_2019\",\"id\":\"schwartz-shea_scholarly_2019\",\"bibbaseid\":\"schwartzshea-scholarlyreflexivitymethodologicalpracticeandbevirandblakelysantinaturalism-2019\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{\"Paper\":\"https://doi.org/10.1080/08913811.2019.1708563\"},\"keyword\":[\"Jason Blakely\",\"Mark Bevir\",\"anti-naturalism\",\"interpretivism\",\"methodology\",\"methods\"],\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"book\",\"type\":\"book\",\"address\":\"Chicago, IL\",\"title\":\"Political Ethnography: What Immersion Contributes to the Study of Power\",\"isbn\":\"978-0-226-73677-8\",\"shorttitle\":\"Political Ethnography\",\"url\":\"https://press.uchicago.edu/ucp/books/book/chicago/P/bo7995019.html\",\"abstract\":\"Scholars of politics have sought in recent years to make the discipline more hospitable to qualitative methods of research. Lauding the results of this effort and highlighting its potential for the future, Political Ethnography makes a compelling case for one such method in particular. Ethnography, the contributors amply demonstrate in a wide range of original essays, is uniquely suited for illuminating the study of politics. Situating these pieces within the context of developments in political science, Edward Schatz provides an overarching introduction and substantive prefaces to each of the volume’s four sections. The first of these parts addresses the central ontological and epistemological issues raised by ethnographic work, while the second grapples with the reality that all research is conducted from a first-person perspective. The third section goes on to explore how ethnographic research can provide fresh perspectives on such perennial topics as opinion, causality, and power. Concluding that political ethnography can and should play a central role in the field as a whole, the final chapters illuminate the many ways in which ethnographic approaches can enhance, improve, and, in some areas, transform the study of politics.\",\"language\":\"en\",\"urldate\":\"2024-08-09\",\"publisher\":\"University of Chicago Press\",\"editor\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Schatz\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Edward\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"month\":\"October\",\"year\":\"2009\",\"keywords\":\"analysis, anthropologists, anthropology, approach, behavior, causality, criticism, cultural studies, culture, epistemology, ethnographical, ethnography, fieldwork, first person experience, inquiry, interpretation, observation, ontology, opinion, participant, participation, perspective, point of view, political science, politics, power, research, scholarship, social situations\",\"bibtex\":\"@book{schatz_political_2009,\\n\\taddress = {Chicago, IL},\\n\\ttitle = {Political {Ethnography}: {What} {Immersion} {Contributes} to the {Study} of {Power}},\\n\\tisbn = {978-0-226-73677-8},\\n\\tshorttitle = {Political {Ethnography}},\\n\\turl = {https://press.uchicago.edu/ucp/books/book/chicago/P/bo7995019.html},\\n\\tabstract = {Scholars of politics have sought in recent years to make the discipline more hospitable to qualitative methods of research. Lauding the results of this effort and highlighting its potential for the future, Political Ethnography makes a compelling case for one such method in particular. Ethnography, the contributors amply demonstrate in a wide range of original essays, is uniquely suited for illuminating the study of politics. Situating these pieces within the context of developments in political science, Edward Schatz provides an overarching introduction and substantive prefaces to each of the volume’s four sections. The first of these parts addresses the central ontological and epistemological issues raised by ethnographic work, while the second grapples with the reality that all research is conducted from a first-person perspective. The third section goes on to explore how ethnographic research can provide fresh perspectives on such perennial topics as opinion, causality, and power. Concluding that political ethnography can and should play a central role in the field as a whole, the final chapters illuminate the many ways in which ethnographic approaches can enhance, improve, and, in some areas, transform the study of politics.},\\n\\tlanguage = {en},\\n\\turldate = {2024-08-09},\\n\\tpublisher = {University of Chicago Press},\\n\\teditor = {Schatz, Edward},\\n\\tmonth = oct,\\n\\tyear = {2009},\\n\\tkeywords = {analysis, anthropologists, anthropology, approach, behavior, causality, criticism, cultural studies, culture, epistemology, ethnographical, ethnography, fieldwork, first person experience, inquiry, interpretation, observation, ontology, opinion, participant, participation, perspective, point of view, political science, politics, power, research, scholarship, social situations},\\n}\\n\\n\\n\\n\",\"editor_short\":[\"Schatz, E.\"],\"key\":\"schatz_political_2009\",\"id\":\"schatz_political_2009\",\"bibbaseid\":\"schatz-politicalethnographywhatimmersioncontributestothestudyofpower-2009\",\"role\":\"editor\",\"urls\":{\"Paper\":\"https://press.uchicago.edu/ucp/books/book/chicago/P/bo7995019.html\"},\"keyword\":[\"analysis\",\"anthropologists\",\"anthropology\",\"approach\",\"behavior\",\"causality\",\"criticism\",\"cultural studies\",\"culture\",\"epistemology\",\"ethnographical\",\"ethnography\",\"fieldwork\",\"first person experience\",\"inquiry\",\"interpretation\",\"observation\",\"ontology\",\"opinion\",\"participant\",\"participation\",\"perspective\",\"point of view\",\"political science\",\"politics\",\"power\",\"research\",\"scholarship\",\"social situations\"],\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"incollection\",\"type\":\"incollection\",\"address\":\"Oxford, UK\",\"title\":\"Interpretivism: Definitions, Trends, and Emerging Paths\",\"isbn\":\"978-0-19-084662-6\",\"shorttitle\":\"Interpretivism\",\"url\":\"https://oxfordre.com/internationalstudies/display/10.1093/acrefore/9780190846626.001.0001/acrefore-9780190846626-e-522\",\"abstract\":\"\\\"Interpretivism: Definitions, Trends, and Emerging Paths\\\" published on by Oxford University Press.\",\"language\":\"en\",\"urldate\":\"2024-08-09\",\"booktitle\":\"Oxford Research Encyclopedia of International Studies\",\"publisher\":\"Oxford University Press\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Scauso\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Marcos\",\"S.\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"editor\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Sandal\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Nukhet\",\"A.\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"month\":\"February\",\"year\":\"2020\",\"doi\":\"10.1093/acrefore/9780190846626.013.522\",\"bibtex\":\"@incollection{scauso_interpretivism_2020,\\n\\taddress = {Oxford, UK},\\n\\ttitle = {Interpretivism: {Definitions}, {Trends}, and {Emerging} {Paths}},\\n\\tisbn = {978-0-19-084662-6},\\n\\tshorttitle = {Interpretivism},\\n\\turl = {https://oxfordre.com/internationalstudies/display/10.1093/acrefore/9780190846626.001.0001/acrefore-9780190846626-e-522},\\n\\tabstract = {\\\"Interpretivism: Definitions, Trends, and Emerging\\n            Paths\\\" published on  by Oxford University Press.},\\n\\tlanguage = {en},\\n\\turldate = {2024-08-09},\\n\\tbooktitle = {Oxford {Research} {Encyclopedia} of {International} {Studies}},\\n\\tpublisher = {Oxford University Press},\\n\\tauthor = {Scauso, Marcos S.},\\n\\teditor = {Sandal, Nukhet A.},\\n\\tmonth = feb,\\n\\tyear = {2020},\\n\\tdoi = {10.1093/acrefore/9780190846626.013.522},\\n}\\n\\n\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Scauso, M. S.\"],\"editor_short\":[\"Sandal, N. A.\"],\"key\":\"scauso_interpretivism_2020\",\"id\":\"scauso_interpretivism_2020\",\"bibbaseid\":\"scauso-interpretivismdefinitionstrendsandemergingpaths-2020\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{\"Paper\":\"https://oxfordre.com/internationalstudies/display/10.1093/acrefore/9780190846626.001.0001/acrefore-9780190846626-e-522\"},\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"book\",\"type\":\"book\",\"address\":\"London\",\"edition\":\"2\",\"title\":\"Research Methods in Critical Security Studies: An Introduction\",\"isbn\":\"978-1-00-310801-6\",\"shorttitle\":\"Research Methods in Critical Security Studies\",\"url\":\"https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003108016\",\"abstract\":\"This textbook surveys new and emergent methods for doing research in critical security studies, filling a gap in the literature. The second edition has been\",\"publisher\":\"Routledge\",\"editor\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Salter\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Mark\",\"B.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Mutlu\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Can\",\"E.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Frowd\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Philippe\",\"M.\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"month\":\"May\",\"year\":\"2023\",\"doi\":\"10.4324/9781003108016\",\"bibtex\":\"@book{salter_research_2023,\\n\\taddress = {London},\\n\\tedition = {2},\\n\\ttitle = {Research {Methods} in {Critical} {Security} {Studies}: {An} {Introduction}},\\n\\tisbn = {978-1-00-310801-6},\\n\\tshorttitle = {Research {Methods} in {Critical} {Security} {Studies}},\\n\\turl = {https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003108016},\\n\\tabstract = {This textbook surveys new and emergent methods for doing research in critical security studies, filling a gap in the literature. The second edition has been},\\n\\tpublisher = {Routledge},\\n\\teditor = {Salter, Mark B. and Mutlu, Can E. and Frowd, Philippe M.},\\n\\tmonth = may,\\n\\tyear = {2023},\\n\\tdoi = {10.4324/9781003108016},\\n}\\n\\n\\n\\n\",\"editor_short\":[\"Salter, M. B.\",\"Mutlu, C. E.\",\"Frowd, P. M.\"],\"key\":\"salter_research_2023\",\"id\":\"salter_research_2023\",\"bibbaseid\":\"salter-mutlu-frowd-researchmethodsincriticalsecuritystudiesanintroduction-2023\",\"role\":\"editor\",\"urls\":{\"Paper\":\"https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003108016\"},\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"article\",\"type\":\"article\",\"title\":\"‘Genre Blurring’ and Public Administration: What Can We Learn from Ethnography?\",\"volume\":\"73\",\"copyright\":\"© 2014 National Council of the Institute of Public Administration Australia\",\"issn\":\"1467-8500\",\"shorttitle\":\"‘Genre Blurring’ and Public Administration\",\"url\":\"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/1467-8500.12085\",\"doi\":\"10.1111/1467-8500.12085\",\"abstract\":\"This article seeks to broaden the craft of public administration by ‘blurring genres’. First, I explain the phrase ‘blurring genres’. Second, I provide some examples of early work in administrative ethnography. Third, I compare this early, modernist-empiricist ethnography with interpretive ethnography, suggesting researchers confront three choices: naturalism vs. anti-naturalism; intensive vs. hit-and-run fieldwork; and generalisation vs. local knowledge. After this general discussion, and fourth, I discuss the more prosaic issues that confront anyone seeking to use ethnography to study public administration and look at fieldwork roles, relevance, time, evidence and fieldwork relationships. Fifth, I describe and illustrate the several tools students of public administration can use as well as observation and interviews; namely, focus groups, para-ethnography, visual ethnography, and storytelling. Finally, I conclude that ethnographic fieldwork provides texture, depth and nuance, and lets interviewees explain the meaning of their actions. It is an indispensable tool and a graphic example of how to enrich public administration by drawing on the theories and methods of the humanities.\",\"language\":\"en\",\"number\":\"3\",\"urldate\":\"2024-08-09\",\"journal\":\"Australian Journal of Public Administration\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Rhodes\"],\"firstnames\":[\"R.\",\"a.\",\"W.\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"year\":\"2014\",\"note\":\"_eprint: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/1467-8500.12085\",\"keywords\":\"craft, ethnography, fieldwork, interpretive theory, storytelling\",\"pages\":\"317–330\",\"bibtex\":\"@article{rhodes_genre_2014,\\n\\ttitle = {‘{Genre} {Blurring}’ and {Public} {Administration}: {What} {Can} {We} {Learn} from {Ethnography}?},\\n\\tvolume = {73},\\n\\tcopyright = {© 2014 National Council of the Institute of Public Administration Australia},\\n\\tissn = {1467-8500},\\n\\tshorttitle = {‘{Genre} {Blurring}’ and {Public} {Administration}},\\n\\turl = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/1467-8500.12085},\\n\\tdoi = {10.1111/1467-8500.12085},\\n\\tabstract = {This article seeks to broaden the craft of public administration by ‘blurring genres’. First, I explain the phrase ‘blurring genres’. Second, I provide some examples of early work in administrative ethnography. Third, I compare this early, modernist-empiricist ethnography with interpretive ethnography, suggesting researchers confront three choices: naturalism vs. anti-naturalism; intensive vs. hit-and-run fieldwork; and generalisation vs. local knowledge. After this general discussion, and fourth, I discuss the more prosaic issues that confront anyone seeking to use ethnography to study public administration and look at fieldwork roles, relevance, time, evidence and fieldwork relationships. Fifth, I describe and illustrate the several tools students of public administration can use as well as observation and interviews; namely, focus groups, para-ethnography, visual ethnography, and storytelling. Finally, I conclude that ethnographic fieldwork provides texture, depth and nuance, and lets interviewees explain the meaning of their actions. It is an indispensable tool and a graphic example of how to enrich public administration by drawing on the theories and methods of the humanities.},\\n\\tlanguage = {en},\\n\\tnumber = {3},\\n\\turldate = {2024-08-09},\\n\\tjournal = {Australian Journal of Public Administration},\\n\\tauthor = {Rhodes, R. a. W.},\\n\\tyear = {2014},\\n\\tnote = {\\\\_eprint: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/1467-8500.12085},\\n\\tkeywords = {craft, ethnography, fieldwork, interpretive theory, storytelling},\\n\\tpages = {317--330},\\n}\\n\\n\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Rhodes, R. a. W.\"],\"key\":\"rhodes_genre_2014\",\"id\":\"rhodes_genre_2014\",\"bibbaseid\":\"rhodes-genreblurringandpublicadministrationwhatcanwelearnfromethnography-2014\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{\"Paper\":\"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/1467-8500.12085\"},\"keyword\":[\"craft\",\"ethnography\",\"fieldwork\",\"interpretive theory\",\"storytelling\"],\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"incollection\",\"type\":\"incollection\",\"address\":\"New York, NY\",\"title\":\"3. Recite! Interpretive Fieldwork for Positivists.\",\"copyright\":\"De Gruyter expressly reserves the right to use all content for commercial text and data mining within the meaning of Section 44b of the German Copyright Act.\",\"isbn\":\"978-0-231-55010-9\",\"url\":\"https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.7312/krau19300-005/html?lang=en\",\"language\":\"en\",\"urldate\":\"2024-08-09\",\"booktitle\":\"Stories from the Field: A Guide to Navigating Fieldwork in Political Science\",\"publisher\":\"Columbia University Press\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Nielsen\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Richard\",\"A.\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"editor\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Krause\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Peter\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Szekely\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Ora\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"month\":\"August\",\"year\":\"2020\",\"doi\":\"10.7312/krau19300-005\",\"pages\":\"36–46\",\"bibtex\":\"@incollection{nielsen_3_2020,\\n\\taddress = {New York, NY},\\n\\ttitle = {3. {Recite}! {Interpretive} {Fieldwork} for {Positivists}.},\\n\\tcopyright = {De Gruyter expressly reserves the right to use all content for commercial text and data mining within the meaning of Section 44b of the German Copyright Act.},\\n\\tisbn = {978-0-231-55010-9},\\n\\turl = {https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.7312/krau19300-005/html?lang=en},\\n\\tlanguage = {en},\\n\\turldate = {2024-08-09},\\n\\tbooktitle = {Stories from the {Field}: {A} {Guide} to {Navigating} {Fieldwork} in {Political} {Science}},\\n\\tpublisher = {Columbia University Press},\\n\\tauthor = {Nielsen, Richard A.},\\n\\teditor = {Krause, Peter and Szekely, Ora},\\n\\tmonth = aug,\\n\\tyear = {2020},\\n\\tdoi = {10.7312/krau19300-005},\\n\\tpages = {36--46},\\n}\\n\\n\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Nielsen, R. A.\"],\"editor_short\":[\"Krause, P.\",\"Szekely, O.\"],\"key\":\"nielsen_3_2020\",\"id\":\"nielsen_3_2020\",\"bibbaseid\":\"nielsen-3reciteinterpretivefieldworkforpositivists-2020\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{\"Paper\":\"https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.7312/krau19300-005/html?lang=en\"},\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"article\",\"type\":\"article\",\"title\":\"Reflexivity in Research on Civil Society: Constructivist Perspectives\",\"volume\":\"10\",\"issn\":\"1521-9488\",\"shorttitle\":\"Reflexivity in Research on Civil Society\",\"url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2486.2008.00827.x\",\"doi\":\"10.1111/j.1468-2486.2008.00827.x\",\"abstract\":\"This article explores the ethical relationship between researcher and research subject. In order to address these issues, it examines what reflexivity entails in constructivist research on civil society actors, then discusses briefly how it can differ from highlighting the ethical dimensions of research within other paradigms like realism, liberalism, and feminism. The article also analyzes the types of ethical issues confronted by constructivists, and drawing from the practices of anthropologists, political scientists, and the author's own experiences interviewing religious humanitarian activists, assesses the tasks at hand for constructivists who are serious about understanding the ethical dimensions of their work.\",\"number\":\"4\",\"urldate\":\"2024-08-09\",\"journal\":\"International Studies Review\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Lynch\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Cecelia\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"month\":\"December\",\"year\":\"2008\",\"pages\":\"708–721\",\"bibtex\":\"@article{lynch_reflexivity_2008,\\n\\ttitle = {Reflexivity in {Research} on {Civil} {Society}: {Constructivist} {Perspectives}},\\n\\tvolume = {10},\\n\\tissn = {1521-9488},\\n\\tshorttitle = {Reflexivity in {Research} on {Civil} {Society}},\\n\\turl = {https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2486.2008.00827.x},\\n\\tdoi = {10.1111/j.1468-2486.2008.00827.x},\\n\\tabstract = {This article explores the ethical relationship between researcher and research subject. In order to address these issues, it examines what reflexivity entails in constructivist research on civil society actors, then discusses briefly how it can differ from highlighting the ethical dimensions of research within other paradigms like realism, liberalism, and feminism. The article also analyzes the types of ethical issues confronted by constructivists, and drawing from the practices of anthropologists, political scientists, and the author's own experiences interviewing religious humanitarian activists, assesses the tasks at hand for constructivists who are serious about understanding the ethical dimensions of their work.},\\n\\tnumber = {4},\\n\\turldate = {2024-08-09},\\n\\tjournal = {International Studies Review},\\n\\tauthor = {Lynch, Cecelia},\\n\\tmonth = dec,\\n\\tyear = {2008},\\n\\tpages = {708--721},\\n}\\n\\n\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Lynch, C.\"],\"key\":\"lynch_reflexivity_2008\",\"id\":\"lynch_reflexivity_2008\",\"bibbaseid\":\"lynch-reflexivityinresearchoncivilsocietyconstructivistperspectives-2008\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{\"Paper\":\"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2486.2008.00827.x\"},\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"article\",\"type\":\"article\",\"title\":\"Political Theory in an Ethnographic Key\",\"volume\":\"113\",\"issn\":\"0003-0554, 1537-5943\",\"url\":\"https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/american-political-science-review/article/political-theory-in-an-ethnographic-key/08F0BD9CB6E8F7EB05A1A2039BB5A050\",\"doi\":\"10.1017/S0003055419000431\",\"abstract\":\"Should political theorists engage in ethnography? In this letter, we assess a recent wave of interest in ethnography among political theorists and explain why it is a good thing. We focus, in particular, on how ethnographic research generates what Ian Shapiro calls “problematizing redescriptions”—accounts of political phenomena that destabilize the lens through which we traditionally study them, engendering novel questions and exposing new avenues of moral concern. We argue that (1) by revealing new levels of variation and contingency within familiar political phenomena, ethnography can uncover topics ripe for normative inquiry; (2) by shedding light on what meanings people associate with political values, it can advance our reflection on concepts; and (3) by capturing the experience of individuals at grips with the social world, it can attune us to forms of harm that would otherwise remain hidden. The purchase for political theory is considerable. By thickening our understanding of institutions, ethnography serves as an antidote to analytic specialization and broadens the range of questions political theorists can ask, reinvigorating debates in the subfield and forging connections with the discipline writ large.\",\"language\":\"en\",\"number\":\"4\",\"urldate\":\"2024-08-09\",\"journal\":\"American Political Science Review\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Longo\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Matthew\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Zacka\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Bernardo\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"month\":\"November\",\"year\":\"2019\",\"pages\":\"1066–1070\",\"bibtex\":\"@article{longo_political_2019,\\n\\ttitle = {Political {Theory} in an {Ethnographic} {Key}},\\n\\tvolume = {113},\\n\\tissn = {0003-0554, 1537-5943},\\n\\turl = {https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/american-political-science-review/article/political-theory-in-an-ethnographic-key/08F0BD9CB6E8F7EB05A1A2039BB5A050},\\n\\tdoi = {10.1017/S0003055419000431},\\n\\tabstract = {Should political theorists engage in ethnography? In this letter, we assess a recent wave of interest in ethnography among political theorists and explain why it is a good thing. We focus, in particular, on how ethnographic research generates what Ian Shapiro calls “problematizing redescriptions”—accounts of political phenomena that destabilize the lens through which we traditionally study them, engendering novel questions and exposing new avenues of moral concern. We argue that (1) by revealing new levels of variation and contingency within familiar political phenomena, ethnography can uncover topics ripe for normative inquiry; (2) by shedding light on what meanings people associate with political values, it can advance our reflection on concepts; and (3) by capturing the experience of individuals at grips with the social world, it can attune us to forms of harm that would otherwise remain hidden. The purchase for political theory is considerable. By thickening our understanding of institutions, ethnography serves as an antidote to analytic specialization and broadens the range of questions political theorists can ask, reinvigorating debates in the subfield and forging connections with the discipline writ large.},\\n\\tlanguage = {en},\\n\\tnumber = {4},\\n\\turldate = {2024-08-09},\\n\\tjournal = {American Political Science Review},\\n\\tauthor = {Longo, Matthew and Zacka, Bernardo},\\n\\tmonth = nov,\\n\\tyear = {2019},\\n\\tpages = {1066--1070},\\n}\\n\\n\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Longo, M.\",\"Zacka, B.\"],\"key\":\"longo_political_2019\",\"id\":\"longo_political_2019\",\"bibbaseid\":\"longo-zacka-politicaltheoryinanethnographickey-2019\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{\"Paper\":\"https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/american-political-science-review/article/political-theory-in-an-ethnographic-key/08F0BD9CB6E8F7EB05A1A2039BB5A050\"},\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"article\",\"type\":\"article\",\"title\":\"Interpretive Scholarship in Contemporary International Relations\",\"issn\":\"2543-7046, 2544-0845\",\"url\":\"https://www.ceeol.com/search/article-detail?id=896477\",\"abstract\":\"Interpretive International Relations (IR) has become a robust and diverse research programme, consolidating across various subfields of the discipline. However, this is a recent phenomenon. While early classical realists and English School scholars clearly drew on interpretive thought, these contributions did not coalesce into a well defined and specifically interpretive research agenda. The ‘interpretive turn’ in social sciences and humanities in the 1970s and epistemological pluralisation of political science and IR in the 1990s slowly made space for interpretive theory and research. This paper reconstructs, first, what makes interpretive IR distinct, and, second, what it means to engage in interpretive inquiry in this field, conceptually and substantively. It discusses in particular the implications of the monist ontological position that interpretivists tend to occupy and the conditions of knowledge production within the hermeneutical circle. These reject the possibility of transcending the context and bring to bear the researcher’s involvement in knowledge production as inevitable but generative. The paper also explicates the still poorly understood concept of ‘intersubjectivity’ as being defining for the interpretivist sensibility and one which directly contests positivist ideals. Interpretive IR scholarship serves as a veritable showcase for interpretive research practice, and points to the growing significance and volume of such scholarship.\",\"language\":\"English\",\"number\":\"4\",\"urldate\":\"2024-08-09\",\"journal\":\"Teoria Polityki\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Kurowska\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Xymena\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"year\":\"2020\",\"note\":\"Publisher: Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego\",\"keywords\":\"International Relations, contextualism, interpretivism, intersubjectivity, reflexive methodology\",\"pages\":\"93–107\",\"bibtex\":\"@article{kurowska_interpretive_2020,\\n\\ttitle = {Interpretive {Scholarship} in {Contemporary} {International} {Relations}},\\n\\tissn = {2543-7046, 2544-0845},\\n\\turl = {https://www.ceeol.com/search/article-detail?id=896477},\\n\\tabstract = {Interpretive International Relations (IR) has become a robust and diverse research programme, consolidating across various subfields of the discipline. However, this is a recent phenomenon. While early classical realists and English School scholars clearly drew on interpretive thought, these contributions did not coalesce into a well defined and specifically interpretive research agenda. The ‘interpretive turn’ in social sciences and humanities in the 1970s and epistemological pluralisation of political science and IR in the 1990s slowly made space for interpretive theory and research. This paper reconstructs, first, what makes interpretive IR distinct, and, second, what it means to engage in interpretive inquiry in this field, conceptually and substantively. It discusses in particular the implications of the monist ontological position that interpretivists tend to occupy and the conditions of knowledge production within the hermeneutical circle. These reject the possibility of transcending the context and bring to bear the researcher’s involvement in knowledge production as inevitable but generative. The paper also explicates the still poorly understood concept of ‘intersubjectivity’ as being defining for the interpretivist sensibility and one which directly contests positivist ideals. Interpretive IR scholarship serves as a veritable showcase for interpretive research practice, and points to the growing significance and volume of such scholarship.},\\n\\tlanguage = {English},\\n\\tnumber = {4},\\n\\turldate = {2024-08-09},\\n\\tjournal = {Teoria Polityki},\\n\\tauthor = {Kurowska, Xymena},\\n\\tyear = {2020},\\n\\tnote = {Publisher: Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego},\\n\\tkeywords = {International Relations, contextualism, interpretivism, intersubjectivity, reflexive methodology},\\n\\tpages = {93--107},\\n}\\n\\n\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Kurowska, X.\"],\"key\":\"kurowska_interpretive_2020\",\"id\":\"kurowska_interpretive_2020\",\"bibbaseid\":\"kurowska-interpretivescholarshipincontemporaryinternationalrelations-2020\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{\"Paper\":\"https://www.ceeol.com/search/article-detail?id=896477\"},\"keyword\":[\"International Relations\",\"contextualism\",\"interpretivism\",\"intersubjectivity\",\"reflexive methodology\"],\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"incollection\",\"type\":\"incollection\",\"title\":\"Interpretive Approaches in Political Science and International Relations\",\"isbn\":\"978-1-5264-5993-0\",\"booktitle\":\"The SAGE Handbook of Research Methods in Political Science and International Relations\",\"publisher\":\"SAGE Publishing\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Kurowska\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Xymena\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[\"Bliesemann\",\"de\"],\"lastnames\":[\"Guevara\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Berit\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"editor\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Curini\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Luigi\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Franzese\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Robert\",\"J.\"],\"suffixes\":[\"Jr.\"]}],\"month\":\"May\",\"year\":\"2020\",\"doi\":\"10.4135/9781526486387.n66\",\"pages\":\"1211–1240\",\"bibtex\":\"@incollection{kurowska_interpretive_2020,\\n\\ttitle = {Interpretive {Approaches} in {Political} {Science} and {International} {Relations}},\\n\\tisbn = {978-1-5264-5993-0},\\n\\tbooktitle = {The {SAGE} {Handbook} of {Research} {Methods} in {Political} {Science} and {International} {Relations}},\\n\\tpublisher = {SAGE Publishing},\\n\\tauthor = {Kurowska, Xymena and Bliesemann de Guevara, Berit},\\n\\teditor = {Curini, Luigi and Franzese, Robert J., Jr.},\\n\\tmonth = may,\\n\\tyear = {2020},\\n\\tdoi = {10.4135/9781526486387.n66},\\n\\tpages = {1211--1240},\\n}\\n\\n\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Kurowska, X.\",\"Bliesemann de Guevara, B.\"],\"editor_short\":[\"Curini, L.\",\"Franzese, R. J.\"],\"key\":\"kurowska_interpretive_2020-1\",\"id\":\"kurowska_interpretive_2020-1\",\"bibbaseid\":\"kurowska-bliesemanndeguevara-interpretiveapproachesinpoliticalscienceandinternationalrelations-2020\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{},\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"article\",\"type\":\"article\",\"title\":\"Interpreting the Uninterpretable: The Ethics of Opaqueness as an Approach to Moments of Inscrutability in Fieldwork\",\"volume\":\"14\",\"issn\":\"1749-5679\",\"shorttitle\":\"Interpreting the Uninterpretable\",\"url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1093/ips/olaa011\",\"doi\":\"10.1093/ips/olaa011\",\"abstract\":\"This paper develops what I call “the ethics of opaqueness” as a response to conceptual impasses concerning the uninterpretability of intersubjective knowledge production in narrative practice. The ethics of opaqueness sees the other as inscrutable and radically heterogenous, and confronts interpretations of the other by the self as suspicious projections. Thus, such an ethics addresses the self, not the other, as the object of the “hermeneutics of suspicion.” In order to conceptualize the ethics of opaqueness, I look to relational psychoanalysis, which understands the unconscious as being inherently intersubjective. This results in a reformulation of the process of recognition, and deeper acknowledgment of countertransference—that is, the partly unconscious conflicts activated in the researcher through the research encounter, which may lead to imposing meaning on the other. The apparatus of relational psychoanalysis concretizes the limits of knowing either the other or the self and supplies a vocabulary to crystallize the double quality of “uninterpretable moments” in narrative practice. They may trigger an imposition of a frame and therefore an interpretive closure; however, they also supply a potentially transformative space for the contentious co-construction of meaning, often in the form of metaphors, which subverts any claim to interpretive mastery.\",\"number\":\"4\",\"urldate\":\"2024-08-09\",\"journal\":\"International Political Sociology\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Kurowska\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Xymena\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"month\":\"November\",\"year\":\"2020\",\"pages\":\"431–446\",\"bibtex\":\"@article{kurowska_interpreting_2020,\\n\\ttitle = {Interpreting the {Uninterpretable}: {The} {Ethics} of {Opaqueness} as an {Approach} to {Moments} of {Inscrutability} in {Fieldwork}},\\n\\tvolume = {14},\\n\\tissn = {1749-5679},\\n\\tshorttitle = {Interpreting the {Uninterpretable}},\\n\\turl = {https://doi.org/10.1093/ips/olaa011},\\n\\tdoi = {10.1093/ips/olaa011},\\n\\tabstract = {This paper develops what I call “the ethics of opaqueness” as a response to conceptual impasses concerning the uninterpretability of intersubjective knowledge production in narrative practice. The ethics of opaqueness sees the other as inscrutable and radically heterogenous, and confronts interpretations of the other by the self as suspicious projections. Thus, such an ethics addresses the self, not the other, as the object of the “hermeneutics of suspicion.” In order to conceptualize the ethics of opaqueness, I look to relational psychoanalysis, which understands the unconscious as being inherently intersubjective. This results in a reformulation of the process of recognition, and deeper acknowledgment of countertransference—that is, the partly unconscious conflicts activated in the researcher through the research encounter, which may lead to imposing meaning on the other. The apparatus of relational psychoanalysis concretizes the limits of knowing either the other or the self and supplies a vocabulary to crystallize the double quality of “uninterpretable moments” in narrative practice. They may trigger an imposition of a frame and therefore an interpretive closure; however, they also supply a potentially transformative space for the contentious co-construction of meaning, often in the form of metaphors, which subverts any claim to interpretive mastery.},\\n\\tnumber = {4},\\n\\turldate = {2024-08-09},\\n\\tjournal = {International Political Sociology},\\n\\tauthor = {Kurowska, Xymena},\\n\\tmonth = nov,\\n\\tyear = {2020},\\n\\tpages = {431--446},\\n}\\n\\n\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Kurowska, X.\"],\"key\":\"kurowska_interpreting_2020\",\"id\":\"kurowska_interpreting_2020\",\"bibbaseid\":\"kurowska-interpretingtheuninterpretabletheethicsofopaquenessasanapproachtomomentsofinscrutabilityinfieldwork-2020\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{\"Paper\":\"https://doi.org/10.1093/ips/olaa011\"},\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"article\",\"type\":\"article\",\"title\":\"Interpretive Theories in Political Science\",\"issn\":\"2543-7046, 2544-0845\",\"url\":\"https://www.ceeol.com/search/article-detail?id=896419\",\"doi\":\"https://doi.org/10.4467/25440845TP.19.014.11780\",\"abstract\":\"The aim of the paper is to present the premises of the interpretative approach, with its internal diversity and methodological implications. While the first part of the paper discusses possible meanings connected with the concept of an interpretive approach, the second focuses on methodological implications and choices inspired by interpretivism.\",\"language\":\"English\",\"number\":\"4\",\"urldate\":\"2024-08-09\",\"journal\":\"Teoria Polityki\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Kułakowska\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Małgorzata\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"year\":\"2020\",\"note\":\"Publisher: Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego\",\"keywords\":\"interpretivism, meaning analysis, methodology, qualitative-interpretive methods, research design\",\"pages\":\"31–41\",\"bibtex\":\"@article{kulakowska_interpretive_2020,\\n\\ttitle = {Interpretive {Theories} in {Political} {Science}},\\n\\tissn = {2543-7046, 2544-0845},\\n\\turl = {https://www.ceeol.com/search/article-detail?id=896419},\\n\\tdoi = {https://doi.org/10.4467/25440845TP.19.014.11780},\\n\\tabstract = {The aim of the paper is to present the premises of the interpretative approach, with its internal diversity and methodological implications. While the first part of the paper discusses possible meanings connected with the concept of an interpretive approach, the second focuses on methodological implications and choices inspired by interpretivism.},\\n\\tlanguage = {English},\\n\\tnumber = {4},\\n\\turldate = {2024-08-09},\\n\\tjournal = {Teoria Polityki},\\n\\tauthor = {Kułakowska, Małgorzata},\\n\\tyear = {2020},\\n\\tnote = {Publisher: Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego},\\n\\tkeywords = {interpretivism, meaning analysis, methodology, qualitative-interpretive methods, research design},\\n\\tpages = {31--41},\\n}\\n\\n\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Kułakowska, M.\"],\"key\":\"kulakowska_interpretive_2020\",\"id\":\"kulakowska_interpretive_2020\",\"bibbaseid\":\"kuakowska-interpretivetheoriesinpoliticalscience-2020\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{\"Paper\":\"https://www.ceeol.com/search/article-detail?id=896419\"},\"keyword\":[\"interpretivism\",\"meaning analysis\",\"methodology\",\"qualitative-interpretive methods\",\"research design\"],\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"article\",\"type\":\"article\",\"title\":\"Framing and the health policy process: a scoping review\",\"volume\":\"31\",\"issn\":\"1460-2237\",\"shorttitle\":\"Framing and the health policy process\",\"url\":\"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26873903/\",\"doi\":\"10.1093/heapol/czv128\",\"abstract\":\"Framing research seeks to understand the forces that shape human behaviour in the policy process. It assumes that policy is a social construct and can be cast in a variety of ways to imply multiple legitimate value considerations. Frames provide the cognitive means of making sense of the social world, but discordance among them forms the basis of policy contestation. Framing, as both theory and method, has proven to generate considerable insight into the nature of policy debates in a variety of disciplines. Despite its salience for understanding health policy debates; however, little is known about the ways frames influence the health policy process. A scoping review using the Arksey and O'Malley framework was conducted. The literature on framing in the health sector was reviewed using nine health and social science databases. Articles were included that explicitly reported theory and methods used, data source(s), at least one frame, frame sponsor and evidence of a given frame's effect on the health policy process. A total of 52 articles, from 1996 to 2014, and representing 12 countries, were identified. Much of the research came from the policy studies/political science literature (n = 17) and used a constructivist epistemology. The term 'frame' was used as a label to describe a variety of ideas, packaged as values, social problems, metaphors or arguments. Frames were characterized at various levels of abstraction ranging from general ideological orientations to specific policy positions. Most articles presented multiple frames and showed how actors advocated for them in a highly contested political process. Framing is increasingly an important, yet overlooked aspect of the policy process. Further analysis on frames, framing processes and frame conflict can help researchers and policymakers to understand opaque and highly charged policy issues, which may facilitate the resolution of protracted policy controversies.\",\"language\":\"eng\",\"number\":\"6\",\"journal\":\"Health Policy and Planning\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Koon\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Adam\",\"D.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Hawkins\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Benjamin\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Mayhew\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Susannah\",\"H.\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"month\":\"July\",\"year\":\"2016\",\"pmid\":\"26873903\",\"pmcid\":\"PMC4916318\",\"keywords\":\"Frames, Health Policy, Humans, Policy Making, Politics, Research, Systems Theory, health policy, ideas, policy process, scoping review\",\"pages\":\"801–816\",\"bibtex\":\"@article{koon_framing_2016,\\n\\ttitle = {Framing and the health policy process: a scoping review},\\n\\tvolume = {31},\\n\\tissn = {1460-2237},\\n\\tshorttitle = {Framing and the health policy process},\\n\\turl = {https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26873903/},\\n\\tdoi = {10.1093/heapol/czv128},\\n\\tabstract = {Framing research seeks to understand the forces that shape human behaviour in the policy process. It assumes that policy is a social construct and can be cast in a variety of ways to imply multiple legitimate value considerations. Frames provide the cognitive means of making sense of the social world, but discordance among them forms the basis of policy contestation. Framing, as both theory and method, has proven to generate considerable insight into the nature of policy debates in a variety of disciplines. Despite its salience for understanding health policy debates; however, little is known about the ways frames influence the health policy process. A scoping review using the Arksey and O'Malley framework was conducted. The literature on framing in the health sector was reviewed using nine health and social science databases. Articles were included that explicitly reported theory and methods used, data source(s), at least one frame, frame sponsor and evidence of a given frame's effect on the health policy process. A total of 52 articles, from 1996 to 2014, and representing 12 countries, were identified. Much of the research came from the policy studies/political science literature (n = 17) and used a constructivist epistemology. The term 'frame' was used as a label to describe a variety of ideas, packaged as values, social problems, metaphors or arguments. Frames were characterized at various levels of abstraction ranging from general ideological orientations to specific policy positions. Most articles presented multiple frames and showed how actors advocated for them in a highly contested political process. Framing is increasingly an important, yet overlooked aspect of the policy process. Further analysis on frames, framing processes and frame conflict can help researchers and policymakers to understand opaque and highly charged policy issues, which may facilitate the resolution of protracted policy controversies.},\\n\\tlanguage = {eng},\\n\\tnumber = {6},\\n\\tjournal = {Health Policy and Planning},\\n\\tauthor = {Koon, Adam D. and Hawkins, Benjamin and Mayhew, Susannah H.},\\n\\tmonth = jul,\\n\\tyear = {2016},\\n\\tpmid = {26873903},\\n\\tpmcid = {PMC4916318},\\n\\tkeywords = {Frames, Health Policy, Humans, Policy Making, Politics, Research, Systems Theory, health policy, ideas, policy process, scoping review},\\n\\tpages = {801--816},\\n}\\n\\n\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Koon, A. D.\",\"Hawkins, B.\",\"Mayhew, S. H.\"],\"key\":\"koon_framing_2016\",\"id\":\"koon_framing_2016\",\"bibbaseid\":\"koon-hawkins-mayhew-framingandthehealthpolicyprocessascopingreview-2016\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{\"Paper\":\"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26873903/\"},\"keyword\":[\"Frames\",\"Health Policy\",\"Humans\",\"Policy Making\",\"Politics\",\"Research\",\"Systems Theory\",\"health policy\",\"ideas\",\"policy process\",\"scoping review\"],\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"article\",\"type\":\"article\",\"title\":\"The Narrative Policy Framework: child or monster?\",\"volume\":\"9\",\"issn\":\"1946-0171\",\"shorttitle\":\"The Narrative Policy Framework\",\"url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1080/19460171.2015.1053959\",\"doi\":\"10.1080/19460171.2015.1053959\",\"abstract\":\"Recent critiques of the Narrative Policy Framework (NPF) have described the framework as a hybrid – and perhaps contradictory – platform using postpositivist theory in the service of positivistic methods. While the NPF has done much to advance what one might term its positivist hypotheses-testing orientation, the ongoing relationship between the NPF and its postpositive, interpretative foundation is – to date – unclear. This article explores the relationship between the NPF and interpretivism. In our exploration, we detail NPF dimensions of ontology, epistemology, socio-theoretic choice, disciplinary boundaries, generalizing versus particularizing styles and normativity, as these dimensions relate to interpretivism. We find the NPF and interpretivism to be quite compatible along our analyzed dimensions – albeit with major epistemological differences. We conclude with a discussion outlining what the NPF has to offer interpretivism and what interpretivism has to offer the NPF.\",\"number\":\"3\",\"urldate\":\"2024-08-09\",\"journal\":\"Critical Policy Studies\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Jones\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Michael\",\"D.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Radaelli\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Claudio\",\"M.\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"month\":\"July\",\"year\":\"2015\",\"note\":\"Publisher: Routledge _eprint: https://doi.org/10.1080/19460171.2015.1053959\",\"keywords\":\"Narrative Policy Framework, interpretivism, metatheory, narrative inquiry\",\"pages\":\"339–355\",\"bibtex\":\"@article{jones_narrative_2015,\\n\\ttitle = {The {Narrative} {Policy} {Framework}: child or monster?},\\n\\tvolume = {9},\\n\\tissn = {1946-0171},\\n\\tshorttitle = {The {Narrative} {Policy} {Framework}},\\n\\turl = {https://doi.org/10.1080/19460171.2015.1053959},\\n\\tdoi = {10.1080/19460171.2015.1053959},\\n\\tabstract = {Recent critiques of the Narrative Policy Framework (NPF) have described the framework as a hybrid – and perhaps contradictory – platform using postpositivist theory in the service of positivistic methods. While the NPF has done much to advance what one might term its positivist hypotheses-testing orientation, the ongoing relationship between the NPF and its postpositive, interpretative foundation is – to date – unclear. This article explores the relationship between the NPF and interpretivism. In our exploration, we detail NPF dimensions of ontology, epistemology, socio-theoretic choice, disciplinary boundaries, generalizing versus particularizing styles and normativity, as these dimensions relate to interpretivism. We find the NPF and interpretivism to be quite compatible along our analyzed dimensions – albeit with major epistemological differences. We conclude with a discussion outlining what the NPF has to offer interpretivism and what interpretivism has to offer the NPF.},\\n\\tnumber = {3},\\n\\turldate = {2024-08-09},\\n\\tjournal = {Critical Policy Studies},\\n\\tauthor = {Jones, Michael D. and Radaelli, Claudio M.},\\n\\tmonth = jul,\\n\\tyear = {2015},\\n\\tnote = {Publisher: Routledge\\n\\\\_eprint: https://doi.org/10.1080/19460171.2015.1053959},\\n\\tkeywords = {Narrative Policy Framework, interpretivism, metatheory, narrative inquiry},\\n\\tpages = {339--355},\\n}\\n\\n\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Jones, M. D.\",\"Radaelli, C. M.\"],\"key\":\"jones_narrative_2015\",\"id\":\"jones_narrative_2015\",\"bibbaseid\":\"jones-radaelli-thenarrativepolicyframeworkchildormonster-2015\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{\"Paper\":\"https://doi.org/10.1080/19460171.2015.1053959\"},\"keyword\":[\"Narrative Policy Framework\",\"interpretivism\",\"metatheory\",\"narrative inquiry\"],\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"book\",\"type\":\"book\",\"address\":\"London, UK\",\"title\":\"The Conduct of Inquiry in International Relations: Philosophy of Science and Its Implications for the Study of World Politics\",\"isbn\":\"978-0-203-84332-1\",\"shorttitle\":\"The Conduct of Inquiry in International Relations\",\"url\":\"https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203843321\",\"abstract\":\"This volume ws the winner of The International Studies Association Theory Section Book Award 2013, presented by the International Studies Association\",\"publisher\":\"Routledge\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Jackson\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Patrick\",\"Thaddeus\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"month\":\"July\",\"year\":\"2010\",\"doi\":\"10.4324/9780203843321\",\"bibtex\":\"@book{jackson_conduct_2010,\\n\\taddress = {London, UK},\\n\\ttitle = {The {Conduct} of {Inquiry} in {International} {Relations}: {Philosophy} of {Science} and {Its} {Implications} for the {Study} of {World} {Politics}},\\n\\tisbn = {978-0-203-84332-1},\\n\\tshorttitle = {The {Conduct} of {Inquiry} in {International} {Relations}},\\n\\turl = {https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203843321},\\n\\tabstract = {This volume ws the winner of The International Studies Association Theory Section Book Award 2013, presented by the International Studies Association},\\n\\tpublisher = {Routledge},\\n\\tauthor = {Jackson, Patrick Thaddeus},\\n\\tmonth = jul,\\n\\tyear = {2010},\\n\\tdoi = {10.4324/9780203843321},\\n}\\n\\n\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Jackson, P. T.\"],\"key\":\"jackson_conduct_2010\",\"id\":\"jackson_conduct_2010\",\"bibbaseid\":\"jackson-theconductofinquiryininternationalrelationsphilosophyofscienceanditsimplicationsforthestudyofworldpolitics-2010\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{\"Paper\":\"https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203843321\"},\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"incollection\",\"type\":\"incollection\",\"address\":\"New York, NY\",\"title\":\"The Limits of Interpreting Evidence\",\"isbn\":\"978-0-230-60750-7\",\"url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230607507_3\",\"abstract\":\"Mainstream political science and interpretivism have little to do with each other, intellectually and professionally speaking. It is thought that the concern of the mainstream for causal inferences from a large sample of a representative population in order to assess the comparative merits of hypotheses deduced from competitive theories has no room for the interpretivist concern with the ethnographic and discursive recovery of intersubjective realities. One could ask, what would have happened in a conversation about political science at a cocktail party between Clifford Geertz, Pierre Bourdieu, and Michel Foucault and Robert Keohane, Gary King, and Sidney Verba? Mutual incomprehension, at best? Or a retreat to a more innocuous topic, at worst?\",\"language\":\"en\",\"urldate\":\"2024-08-09\",\"booktitle\":\"Theory and Evidence in Comparative Politics and International Relations\",\"publisher\":\"Palgrave Macmillan US\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Hopf\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Ted\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"editor\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Lebow\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Richard\",\"Ned\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Lichbach\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Mark\",\"Irving\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"year\":\"2007\",\"doi\":\"10.1057/9780230607507_3\",\"pages\":\"55–84\",\"bibtex\":\"@incollection{hopf_limits_2007,\\n\\taddress = {New York, NY},\\n\\ttitle = {The {Limits} of {Interpreting} {Evidence}},\\n\\tisbn = {978-0-230-60750-7},\\n\\turl = {https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230607507_3},\\n\\tabstract = {Mainstream political science and interpretivism have little to do with each other, intellectually and professionally speaking. It is thought that the concern of the mainstream for causal inferences from a large sample of a representative population in order to assess the comparative merits of hypotheses deduced from competitive theories has no room for the interpretivist concern with the ethnographic and discursive recovery of intersubjective realities. One could ask, what would have happened in a conversation about political science at a cocktail party between Clifford Geertz, Pierre Bourdieu, and Michel Foucault and Robert Keohane, Gary King, and Sidney Verba? Mutual incomprehension, at best? Or a retreat to a more innocuous topic, at worst?},\\n\\tlanguage = {en},\\n\\turldate = {2024-08-09},\\n\\tbooktitle = {Theory and {Evidence} in {Comparative} {Politics} and {International} {Relations}},\\n\\tpublisher = {Palgrave Macmillan US},\\n\\tauthor = {Hopf, Ted},\\n\\teditor = {Lebow, Richard Ned and Lichbach, Mark Irving},\\n\\tyear = {2007},\\n\\tdoi = {10.1057/9780230607507_3},\\n\\tpages = {55--84},\\n}\\n\\n\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Hopf, T.\"],\"editor_short\":[\"Lebow, R. N.\",\"Lichbach, M. I.\"],\"key\":\"hopf_limits_2007\",\"id\":\"hopf_limits_2007\",\"bibbaseid\":\"hopf-thelimitsofinterpretingevidence-2007\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{\"Paper\":\"https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230607507_3\"},\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"article\",\"type\":\"article\",\"title\":\"Towards a ‘theory of the gap’: Addressing the relationship between practice and theory\",\"volume\":\"9\",\"issn\":\"2045-3817, 2045-3825\",\"shorttitle\":\"Towards a ‘theory of the gap’\",\"url\":\"https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/global-constitutionalism/article/towards-a-theory-of-the-gap-addressing-the-relationship-between-practice-and-theory/5FCF0122F9D72E000E5CB7256FE930EB\",\"doi\":\"10.1017/S2045381719000431\",\"abstract\":\"In their ground-breaking philosophical investigation of the ‘practice turn’ Lechner and Frost prompt a standpoint debate in international relations theory, which touches upon the relationship between practice theory and its subject matter. Lechner and Frost decidedly opt for an internal standpoint, which promises to understand a social practice in terms of the meaning-in-use of its participants. This article argues that the internalist promise will ultimately remain unfulfilled, however, for the aim of collapsing the distinction between the ‘language of action’ and ‘language of observation’ is epistemologically impossible. Taking such an ‘internal’ perspective not only underestimates the problem of the double hermeneutic. It also disregards the gap between theory and practice. Any social enquiry that fails to acknowledge this gap inevitably becomes externalist, for it misses to reflect on its own normative presuppositions. The way ahead is to address this gap reflexively by way of a triple hermeneutics that is bolstered by abductive reasoning.\",\"language\":\"en\",\"number\":\"1\",\"urldate\":\"2024-08-09\",\"journal\":\"Global Constitutionalism\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Hofius\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Maren\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"month\":\"March\",\"year\":\"2020\",\"keywords\":\"abduction, externalism, internalism, practice turn, triple hermeneutics\",\"pages\":\"169–182\",\"bibtex\":\"@article{hofius_towards_2020,\\n\\ttitle = {Towards a ‘theory of the gap’: {Addressing} the relationship between practice and theory},\\n\\tvolume = {9},\\n\\tissn = {2045-3817, 2045-3825},\\n\\tshorttitle = {Towards a ‘theory of the gap’},\\n\\turl = {https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/global-constitutionalism/article/towards-a-theory-of-the-gap-addressing-the-relationship-between-practice-and-theory/5FCF0122F9D72E000E5CB7256FE930EB},\\n\\tdoi = {10.1017/S2045381719000431},\\n\\tabstract = {In their ground-breaking philosophical investigation of the ‘practice turn’ Lechner and Frost prompt a standpoint debate in international relations theory, which touches upon the relationship between practice theory and its subject matter. Lechner and Frost decidedly opt for an internal standpoint, which promises to understand a social practice in terms of the meaning-in-use of its participants. This article argues that the internalist promise will ultimately remain unfulfilled, however, for the aim of collapsing the distinction between the ‘language of action’ and ‘language of observation’ is epistemologically impossible. Taking such an ‘internal’ perspective not only underestimates the problem of the double hermeneutic. It also disregards the gap between theory and practice. Any social enquiry that fails to acknowledge this gap inevitably becomes externalist, for it misses to reflect on its own normative presuppositions. The way ahead is to address this gap reflexively by way of a triple hermeneutics that is bolstered by abductive reasoning.},\\n\\tlanguage = {en},\\n\\tnumber = {1},\\n\\turldate = {2024-08-09},\\n\\tjournal = {Global Constitutionalism},\\n\\tauthor = {Hofius, Maren},\\n\\tmonth = mar,\\n\\tyear = {2020},\\n\\tkeywords = {abduction, externalism, internalism, practice turn, triple hermeneutics},\\n\\tpages = {169--182},\\n}\\n\\n\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Hofius, M.\"],\"key\":\"hofius_towards_2020\",\"id\":\"hofius_towards_2020\",\"bibbaseid\":\"hofius-towardsatheoryofthegapaddressingtherelationshipbetweenpracticeandtheory-2020\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{\"Paper\":\"https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/global-constitutionalism/article/towards-a-theory-of-the-gap-addressing-the-relationship-between-practice-and-theory/5FCF0122F9D72E000E5CB7256FE930EB\"},\"keyword\":[\"abduction\",\"externalism\",\"internalism\",\"practice turn\",\"triple hermeneutics\"],\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"article\",\"type\":\"article\",\"title\":\"Fieldwork in Political Theory: Five Arguments for an Ethnographic Sensibility\",\"volume\":\"49\",\"issn\":\"0007-1234, 1469-2112\",\"shorttitle\":\"Fieldwork in Political Theory\",\"url\":\"https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/british-journal-of-political-science/article/abs/fieldwork-in-political-theory-five-arguments-for-an-ethnographic-sensibility/D2DA8FE608870A8F7F67A3387304FD40\",\"doi\":\"10.1017/S0007123416000703\",\"abstract\":\"This article makes a positive case for an ethnographic sensibility in political theory. Drawing on published ethnographies and original fieldwork, it argues that an ethnographic sensibility can contribute to normative reflection in five distinct ways. It can help uncover the nature of situated normative demands (epistemic argument); diagnose obstacles encountered when responding to these demands (diagnostic argument); evaluate practices and institutions against a given set of values (evaluative argument); probe, question and refine our understanding of values (valuational argument); and uncover underlying social ontologies (ontological argument). The contribution of ethnography to normative theory is distinguished from that of other forms of empirical research, and the dangers of perspectival absorption, bias and particularism are addressed.\",\"language\":\"en\",\"number\":\"2\",\"urldate\":\"2024-08-09\",\"journal\":\"British Journal of Political Science\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Herzog\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Lisa\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Zacka\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Bernardo\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"month\":\"April\",\"year\":\"2019\",\"keywords\":\"ethnography, methodology, non-ideal theory, normative case study, reflective equilibrium\",\"pages\":\"763–784\",\"bibtex\":\"@article{herzog_fieldwork_2019,\\n\\ttitle = {Fieldwork in {Political} {Theory}: {Five} {Arguments} for an {Ethnographic} {Sensibility}},\\n\\tvolume = {49},\\n\\tissn = {0007-1234, 1469-2112},\\n\\tshorttitle = {Fieldwork in {Political} {Theory}},\\n\\turl = {https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/british-journal-of-political-science/article/abs/fieldwork-in-political-theory-five-arguments-for-an-ethnographic-sensibility/D2DA8FE608870A8F7F67A3387304FD40},\\n\\tdoi = {10.1017/S0007123416000703},\\n\\tabstract = {This article makes a positive case for an ethnographic sensibility in political theory. Drawing on published ethnographies and original fieldwork, it argues that an ethnographic sensibility can contribute to normative reflection in five distinct ways. It can help uncover the nature of situated normative demands (epistemic argument); diagnose obstacles encountered when responding to these demands (diagnostic argument); evaluate practices and institutions against a given set of values (evaluative argument); probe, question and refine our understanding of values (valuational argument); and uncover underlying social ontologies (ontological argument). The contribution of ethnography to normative theory is distinguished from that of other forms of empirical research, and the dangers of perspectival absorption, bias and particularism are addressed.},\\n\\tlanguage = {en},\\n\\tnumber = {2},\\n\\turldate = {2024-08-09},\\n\\tjournal = {British Journal of Political Science},\\n\\tauthor = {Herzog, Lisa and Zacka, Bernardo},\\n\\tmonth = apr,\\n\\tyear = {2019},\\n\\tkeywords = {ethnography, methodology, non-ideal theory, normative case study, reflective equilibrium},\\n\\tpages = {763--784},\\n}\\n\\n\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Herzog, L.\",\"Zacka, B.\"],\"key\":\"herzog_fieldwork_2019\",\"id\":\"herzog_fieldwork_2019\",\"bibbaseid\":\"herzog-zacka-fieldworkinpoliticaltheoryfiveargumentsforanethnographicsensibility-2019\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{\"Paper\":\"https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/british-journal-of-political-science/article/abs/fieldwork-in-political-theory-five-arguments-for-an-ethnographic-sensibility/D2DA8FE608870A8F7F67A3387304FD40\"},\"keyword\":[\"ethnography\",\"methodology\",\"non-ideal theory\",\"normative case study\",\"reflective equilibrium\"],\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"article\",\"type\":\"article\",\"title\":\"A Hitchhiker's Guide to the Public Administration Research Universe: Surviving Conversations on Methodologies and Methods\",\"volume\":\"72\",\"copyright\":\"Copyright © 2012 The American Society for Public Administration\",\"issn\":\"1540-6210\",\"shorttitle\":\"A Hitchhiker's Guide to the Public Administration Research Universe\",\"url\":\"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1540-6210.2011.02524.x\",\"doi\":\"10.1111/j.1540-6210.2011.02524.x\",\"abstract\":\"Scientific conversations can be riddled with confusion when contributions to the discussion are based on notions about ways of knowing that remain implicit. Researchers often mix different methodological positions in their research designs because they lack an awareness of the distinctions between different ways of knowing and their associated methods. The authors engage and reflect on these differences, with particular attention to four areas: research question formulations, the character and role of concepts and theories, hypotheses versus puzzles, and case study research. They call on all researchers, both academics and practitioners, to be aware of the ways in which scientific terms serve, in research debates, as signifiers of different logics of inquiry. Awareness of these differences is important for the sake of productive scientific discussions and for the logical consistency of research, as both of the ways of knowing discussed here are legitimate scientific endeavors, albeit invoking different evaluative criteria.\",\"language\":\"en\",\"number\":\"3\",\"urldate\":\"2024-08-09\",\"journal\":\"Public Administration Review\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Haverland\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Markus\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Yanow\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Dvora\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"year\":\"2012\",\"note\":\"_eprint: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/j.1540-6210.2011.02524.x\",\"pages\":\"401–408\",\"bibtex\":\"@article{haverland_hitchhikers_2012,\\n\\ttitle = {A {Hitchhiker}'s {Guide} to the {Public} {Administration} {Research} {Universe}: {Surviving} {Conversations} on {Methodologies} and {Methods}},\\n\\tvolume = {72},\\n\\tcopyright = {Copyright © 2012 The American Society for Public Administration},\\n\\tissn = {1540-6210},\\n\\tshorttitle = {A {Hitchhiker}'s {Guide} to the {Public} {Administration} {Research} {Universe}},\\n\\turl = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1540-6210.2011.02524.x},\\n\\tdoi = {10.1111/j.1540-6210.2011.02524.x},\\n\\tabstract = {Scientific conversations can be riddled with confusion when contributions to the discussion are based on notions about ways of knowing that remain implicit. Researchers often mix different methodological positions in their research designs because they lack an awareness of the distinctions between different ways of knowing and their associated methods. The authors engage and reflect on these differences, with particular attention to four areas: research question formulations, the character and role of concepts and theories, hypotheses versus puzzles, and case study research. They call on all researchers, both academics and practitioners, to be aware of the ways in which scientific terms serve, in research debates, as signifiers of different logics of inquiry. Awareness of these differences is important for the sake of productive scientific discussions and for the logical consistency of research, as both of the ways of knowing discussed here are legitimate scientific endeavors, albeit invoking different evaluative criteria.},\\n\\tlanguage = {en},\\n\\tnumber = {3},\\n\\turldate = {2024-08-09},\\n\\tjournal = {Public Administration Review},\\n\\tauthor = {Haverland, Markus and Yanow, Dvora},\\n\\tyear = {2012},\\n\\tnote = {\\\\_eprint: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/j.1540-6210.2011.02524.x},\\n\\tpages = {401--408},\\n}\\n\\n\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Haverland, M.\",\"Yanow, D.\"],\"key\":\"haverland_hitchhikers_2012\",\"id\":\"haverland_hitchhikers_2012\",\"bibbaseid\":\"haverland-yanow-ahitchhikersguidetothepublicadministrationresearchuniversesurvivingconversationsonmethodologiesandmethods-2012\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{\"Paper\":\"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1540-6210.2011.02524.x\"},\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"article\",\"type\":\"article\",\"title\":\"The Promise and Perils of Interpretivism in Australian International Relations\",\"volume\":\"73\",\"copyright\":\"© 2014 National Council of the Institute of Public Administration Australia\",\"issn\":\"1467-8500\",\"url\":\"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/1467-8500.12084\",\"doi\":\"10.1111/1467-8500.12084\",\"abstract\":\"Australian International Relations (IR) was once a hybrid of American and European styles of political science, but today it is dominated by a British-inspired post-positivism which has its virtues – and its vices – and which utilises various interpretive and semi-interpretive approaches. This paper welcomes the ‘interpretive turn’ in Australian IR, but recognises its weaknesses, and argues that, to overcome them, interpretivists must be clear about what interpretivism should and should not entail. It argues that a thoroughgoing interpretivism offers two things that qualitative work in Australian IR desperately needs: a revived focus on explaining international relations, as well as understanding it, and a renewed engagement with other fields and other modes of studying the field.\",\"language\":\"en\",\"number\":\"3\",\"urldate\":\"2024-08-09\",\"journal\":\"Australian Journal of Public Administration\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Hall\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Ian\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"year\":\"2014\",\"note\":\"_eprint: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/1467-8500.12084\",\"keywords\":\"international relations, interpretive theory, interpretivism\",\"pages\":\"307–316\",\"bibtex\":\"@article{hall_promise_2014,\\n\\ttitle = {The {Promise} and {Perils} of {Interpretivism} in {Australian} {International} {Relations}},\\n\\tvolume = {73},\\n\\tcopyright = {© 2014 National Council of the Institute of Public Administration Australia},\\n\\tissn = {1467-8500},\\n\\turl = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/1467-8500.12084},\\n\\tdoi = {10.1111/1467-8500.12084},\\n\\tabstract = {Australian International Relations (IR) was once a hybrid of American and European styles of political science, but today it is dominated by a British-inspired post-positivism which has its virtues – and its vices – and which utilises various interpretive and semi-interpretive approaches. This paper welcomes the ‘interpretive turn’ in Australian IR, but recognises its weaknesses, and argues that, to overcome them, interpretivists must be clear about what interpretivism should and should not entail. It argues that a thoroughgoing interpretivism offers two things that qualitative work in Australian IR desperately needs: a revived focus on explaining international relations, as well as understanding it, and a renewed engagement with other fields and other modes of studying the field.},\\n\\tlanguage = {en},\\n\\tnumber = {3},\\n\\turldate = {2024-08-09},\\n\\tjournal = {Australian Journal of Public Administration},\\n\\tauthor = {Hall, Ian},\\n\\tyear = {2014},\\n\\tnote = {\\\\_eprint: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/1467-8500.12084},\\n\\tkeywords = {international relations, interpretive theory, interpretivism},\\n\\tpages = {307--316},\\n}\\n\\n\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Hall, I.\"],\"key\":\"hall_promise_2014\",\"id\":\"hall_promise_2014\",\"bibbaseid\":\"hall-thepromiseandperilsofinterpretivisminaustralianinternationalrelations-2014\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{\"Paper\":\"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/1467-8500.12084\"},\"keyword\":[\"international relations\",\"interpretive theory\",\"interpretivism\"],\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"article\",\"type\":\"article\",\"title\":\"Towards a Cosmopolitan Political Thought: The Hermeneutics of Interpreting the Other\",\"volume\":\"41\",\"issn\":\"0032-3497\",\"shorttitle\":\"Towards a Cosmopolitan Political Thought\",\"url\":\"https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/abs/10.1057/pol.2008.28\",\"doi\":\"10.1057/pol.2008.28\",\"abstract\":\"The emergence of the field of comparative political theory suggests that the encounter with non-Western texts be considered a legitimate and necessary part of political theory, so that the field is reconstituted in a truly cosmopolitan manner. However, this also presents unique challenges to political theorists. Chief among these is the question of what hermeneutic approach would allow us to understand well the ideas contained in these texts. This essay will argue for a particular approach to the interpretation of non-Western texts and ideas, providing an account of a methodologically self-conscious approach to comparative political theory. A serious comparative political theorist will inevitably have to alternate between an internal immersion in the lived experience of the text, and an external stance of commentary and exegesis of the text. Struggling with the conflicting imperatives of these moments is precisely the task of a more nuanced approach to comparative political theory. Ultimately, however, I also argue that this particular approach has implications for the development of a genuine cosmopolitanism in the field of political theory. A cosmopolitan political theory is precisely one in which such struggles and complex encounters with the otherness of texts are increasingly made available to provoke, dislocate, and challenge our own understandings of political life. The method I offer is thus deeply implicated in the evolution of our self-understanding as political theorists.\",\"number\":\"2\",\"urldate\":\"2024-08-09\",\"journal\":\"Polity\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Godrej\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Farah\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"month\":\"April\",\"year\":\"2009\",\"note\":\"Publisher: The University of Chicago Press\",\"keywords\":\"comparative political theory, cosmopolitan, hermeneutics, interpretation, non-Western, political theory\",\"pages\":\"135–165\",\"bibtex\":\"@article{godrej_towards_2009,\\n\\ttitle = {Towards a {Cosmopolitan} {Political} {Thought}: {The} {Hermeneutics} of {Interpreting} the {Other}},\\n\\tvolume = {41},\\n\\tissn = {0032-3497},\\n\\tshorttitle = {Towards a {Cosmopolitan} {Political} {Thought}},\\n\\turl = {https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/abs/10.1057/pol.2008.28},\\n\\tdoi = {10.1057/pol.2008.28},\\n\\tabstract = {The emergence of the field of comparative political theory suggests that the encounter with non-Western texts be considered a legitimate and necessary part of political theory, so that the field is reconstituted in a truly cosmopolitan manner. However, this also presents unique challenges to political theorists. Chief among these is the question of what hermeneutic approach would allow us to understand well the ideas contained in these texts. This essay will argue for a particular approach to the interpretation of non-Western texts and ideas, providing an account of a methodologically self-conscious approach to comparative political theory. A serious comparative political theorist will inevitably have to alternate between an internal immersion in the lived experience of the text, and an external stance of commentary and exegesis of the text. Struggling with the conflicting imperatives of these moments is precisely the task of a more nuanced approach to comparative political theory. Ultimately, however, I also argue that this particular approach has implications for the development of a genuine cosmopolitanism in the field of political theory. A cosmopolitan political theory is precisely one in which such struggles and complex encounters with the otherness of texts are increasingly made available to provoke, dislocate, and challenge our own understandings of political life. The method I offer is thus deeply implicated in the evolution of our self-understanding as political theorists.},\\n\\tnumber = {2},\\n\\turldate = {2024-08-09},\\n\\tjournal = {Polity},\\n\\tauthor = {Godrej, Farah},\\n\\tmonth = apr,\\n\\tyear = {2009},\\n\\tnote = {Publisher: The University of Chicago Press},\\n\\tkeywords = {comparative political theory, cosmopolitan, hermeneutics, interpretation, non-Western, political theory},\\n\\tpages = {135--165},\\n}\\n\\n\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Godrej, F.\"],\"key\":\"godrej_towards_2009\",\"id\":\"godrej_towards_2009\",\"bibbaseid\":\"godrej-towardsacosmopolitanpoliticalthoughtthehermeneuticsofinterpretingtheother-2009\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{\"Paper\":\"https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/abs/10.1057/pol.2008.28\"},\"keyword\":[\"comparative political theory\",\"cosmopolitan\",\"hermeneutics\",\"interpretation\",\"non-Western\",\"political theory\"],\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"book\",\"type\":\"book\",\"address\":\"Oxford, UK\",\"title\":\"Cosmopolitan Political Thought: Method, Practice, Discipline\",\"isbn\":\"978-0-19-978207-9\",\"shorttitle\":\"Cosmopolitan Political Thought\",\"url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199782062.001.0001\",\"abstract\":\"Cosmopolitan Political Thought asks the question of what it might mean for the very practices of political theorizing to be cosmopolitan. It suggests that such a vision of political theory is intimately linked to methodological questions about what is commonly called comparative political theory - namely, the turn beyond ideas and modes of inquiry determined by traditional Western scholarship. It is therefore an argument for applying the idea of cosmopolitanism - understood in a particular way - to the discipline of political theory itself. As Farah Godrej argues, there are four crucial components of this cosmopolitan intervention: the texts under analysis, the methods for interpreting non-Western texts and ideas, the application of these ideas across geographical and cultural boundaries, and the deconstruction of Eurocentrism. In order to be genuinely cosmopolitan, Godrej states, political theorists must reflect on their perspectives inside and outside various traditions and immerse themselves in foreign ideas, languages, histories, and cultures - ultimately relocating themselves within their disciplinary homes. The result will be a serious challenge to accepted solutions to political life.\",\"language\":\"en\",\"publisher\":\"Oxford University Press\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Godrej\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Farah\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"month\":\"October\",\"year\":\"2011\",\"note\":\"Google-Books-ID: qcQVDAAAQBAJ\",\"keywords\":\"Philosophy / Political, Political Science / Comparative Politics, Political Science / History & Theory, Political Science / International Relations / General, Religion / General\",\"bibtex\":\"@book{godrej_cosmopolitan_2011,\\n\\taddress = {Oxford, UK},\\n\\ttitle = {Cosmopolitan {Political} {Thought}: {Method}, {Practice}, {Discipline}},\\n\\tisbn = {978-0-19-978207-9},\\n\\tshorttitle = {Cosmopolitan {Political} {Thought}},\\n\\turl = {https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199782062.001.0001},\\n\\tabstract = {Cosmopolitan Political Thought asks the question of what it might mean for the very practices of political theorizing to be cosmopolitan. It suggests that such a vision of political theory is intimately linked to methodological questions about what is commonly called comparative political theory - namely, the turn beyond ideas and modes of inquiry determined by traditional Western scholarship. It is therefore an argument for applying the idea of cosmopolitanism - understood in a particular way - to the discipline of political theory itself. As Farah Godrej argues, there are four crucial components of this cosmopolitan intervention: the texts under analysis, the methods for interpreting non-Western texts and ideas, the application of these ideas across geographical and cultural boundaries, and the deconstruction of Eurocentrism. In order to be genuinely cosmopolitan, Godrej states, political theorists must reflect on their perspectives inside and outside various traditions and immerse themselves in foreign ideas, languages, histories, and cultures - ultimately relocating themselves within their disciplinary homes. The result will be a serious challenge to accepted solutions to political life.},\\n\\tlanguage = {en},\\n\\tpublisher = {Oxford University Press},\\n\\tauthor = {Godrej, Farah},\\n\\tmonth = oct,\\n\\tyear = {2011},\\n\\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: qcQVDAAAQBAJ},\\n\\tkeywords = {Philosophy / Political, Political Science / Comparative Politics, Political Science / History \\\\& Theory, Political Science / International Relations / General, Religion / General},\\n}\\n\\n\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Godrej, F.\"],\"key\":\"godrej_cosmopolitan_2011\",\"id\":\"godrej_cosmopolitan_2011\",\"bibbaseid\":\"godrej-cosmopolitanpoliticalthoughtmethodpracticediscipline-2011\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{\"Paper\":\"https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199782062.001.0001\"},\"keyword\":[\"Philosophy / Political\",\"Political Science / Comparative Politics\",\"Political Science / History & Theory\",\"Political Science / International Relations / General\",\"Religion / General\"],\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"article\",\"type\":\"article\",\"title\":\"Making Interpretivism Visible: Reflections after a Decade of the Methods Café\",\"volume\":\"52\",\"issn\":\"1049-0965, 1537-5935\",\"shorttitle\":\"Making Interpretivism Visible\",\"url\":\"https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/ps-political-science-and-politics/article/making-interpretivism-visible-reflections-after-a-decade-of-the-methods-cafe/F325A0F26F40B54DFECB4395B032A744\",\"doi\":\"10.1017/S1049096519000179\",\"abstract\":\"More than a decade after the observation that an “interpretive turn” was percolating through political science, there are clear indications of growth in the perceived legitimacy of interpretive scholarship. Both accompanying and contributing to interpretivism’s ascent has been the regular staging of Methods Cafés at various conferences in and beyond the discipline. First held at the 2005 meeting of the Western Political Science Association, the Methods Café subsequently landed at the 2006 conference of the American Political Science Association. The Methods Café has become an institutionalized feature of these and other conferences. This reflection looks at the past, present, and future of these events, as well as the key role they have played in making interpretivism visible in the discipline. In particular, I highlight their function as non-hierarchical intellectual spaces that promote teaching, learning, and interpretivist community building. Further, I offer friendly but not uncritical commentary on the successes and limitations of the Methods Café.\",\"language\":\"en\",\"number\":\"3\",\"urldate\":\"2024-08-08\",\"journal\":\"PS: Political Science & Politics\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Funk\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Kevin\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"month\":\"July\",\"year\":\"2019\",\"pages\":\"465–469\",\"bibtex\":\"@article{funk_making_2019,\\n\\ttitle = {Making {Interpretivism} {Visible}: {Reflections} after a {Decade} of the {Methods} {Café}},\\n\\tvolume = {52},\\n\\tissn = {1049-0965, 1537-5935},\\n\\tshorttitle = {Making {Interpretivism} {Visible}},\\n\\turl = {https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/ps-political-science-and-politics/article/making-interpretivism-visible-reflections-after-a-decade-of-the-methods-cafe/F325A0F26F40B54DFECB4395B032A744},\\n\\tdoi = {10.1017/S1049096519000179},\\n\\tabstract = {More than a decade after the observation that an “interpretive turn” was percolating through political science, there are clear indications of growth in the perceived legitimacy of interpretive scholarship. Both accompanying and contributing to interpretivism’s ascent has been the regular staging of Methods Cafés at various conferences in and beyond the discipline. First held at the 2005 meeting of the Western Political Science Association, the Methods Café subsequently landed at the 2006 conference of the American Political Science Association. The Methods Café has become an institutionalized feature of these and other conferences. This reflection looks at the past, present, and future of these events, as well as the key role they have played in making interpretivism visible in the discipline. In particular, I highlight their function as non-hierarchical intellectual spaces that promote teaching, learning, and interpretivist community building. Further, I offer friendly but not uncritical commentary on the successes and limitations of the Methods Café.},\\n\\tlanguage = {en},\\n\\tnumber = {3},\\n\\turldate = {2024-08-08},\\n\\tjournal = {PS: Political Science \\\\& Politics},\\n\\tauthor = {Funk, Kevin},\\n\\tmonth = jul,\\n\\tyear = {2019},\\n\\tpages = {465--469},\\n}\\n\\n\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Funk, K.\"],\"key\":\"funk_making_2019\",\"id\":\"funk_making_2019\",\"bibbaseid\":\"funk-makinginterpretivismvisiblereflectionsafteradecadeofthemethodscaf-2019\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{\"Paper\":\"https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/ps-political-science-and-politics/article/making-interpretivism-visible-reflections-after-a-decade-of-the-methods-cafe/F325A0F26F40B54DFECB4395B032A744\"},\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"article\",\"type\":\"article\",\"title\":\"Five stories of accidental ethnography: turning unplanned moments in the field into data\",\"volume\":\"15\",\"issn\":\"1468-7941\",\"shorttitle\":\"Five stories of accidental ethnography\",\"url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1177/1468794114548945\",\"doi\":\"10.1177/1468794114548945\",\"abstract\":\"Observations of daily life are the bread and butter of ethnography but rarely feature as data in other kinds of work. Could non-ethnographic studies also benefit from such observations? If so, how? This article proposes ‘accidental ethnography’ as a method that field researchers can use to gain better understanding of the research context and their own social positioning within that context. Accidental ethnography involves paying systematic attention to the unplanned moments that take place outside an interview, survey, or other structured methods. In these moments the researcher might hear a surprising story or notice an everyday scene she had previously overlooked. The importance of these observations lies not in what they tell us about the particular, but rather what they suggest about the larger political and social world in which they (and the researcher) are embedded. The paper illustrates the argument by presenting five stories from the author’s experiences conducting research on local violence in Rwanda, Bosnia, the US, and elsewhere.\",\"language\":\"en\",\"number\":\"4\",\"urldate\":\"2024-08-09\",\"journal\":\"Qualitative Research\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Fujii\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Lee\",\"Ann\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"month\":\"August\",\"year\":\"2015\",\"note\":\"Publisher: SAGE Publications\",\"pages\":\"525–539\",\"bibtex\":\"@article{fujii_five_2015,\\n\\ttitle = {Five stories of accidental ethnography: turning unplanned moments in the field into data},\\n\\tvolume = {15},\\n\\tissn = {1468-7941},\\n\\tshorttitle = {Five stories of accidental ethnography},\\n\\turl = {https://doi.org/10.1177/1468794114548945},\\n\\tdoi = {10.1177/1468794114548945},\\n\\tabstract = {Observations of daily life are the bread and butter of ethnography but rarely feature as data in other kinds of work. Could non-ethnographic studies also benefit from such observations? If so, how? This article proposes ‘accidental ethnography’ as a method that field researchers can use to gain better understanding of the research context and their own social positioning within that context. Accidental ethnography involves paying systematic attention to the unplanned moments that take place outside an interview, survey, or other structured methods. In these moments the researcher might hear a surprising story or notice an everyday scene she had previously overlooked. The importance of these observations lies not in what they tell us about the particular, but rather what they suggest about the larger political and social world in which they (and the researcher) are embedded. The paper illustrates the argument by presenting five stories from the author’s experiences conducting research on local violence in Rwanda, Bosnia, the US, and elsewhere.},\\n\\tlanguage = {en},\\n\\tnumber = {4},\\n\\turldate = {2024-08-09},\\n\\tjournal = {Qualitative Research},\\n\\tauthor = {Fujii, Lee Ann},\\n\\tmonth = aug,\\n\\tyear = {2015},\\n\\tnote = {Publisher: SAGE Publications},\\n\\tpages = {525--539},\\n}\\n\\n\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Fujii, L. A.\"],\"key\":\"fujii_five_2015\",\"id\":\"fujii_five_2015\",\"bibbaseid\":\"fujii-fivestoriesofaccidentalethnographyturningunplannedmomentsinthefieldintodata-2015\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{\"Paper\":\"https://doi.org/10.1177/1468794114548945\"},\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"article\",\"type\":\"article\",\"title\":\"Studying public deliberation after the systemic turn: the crucial role for interpretive research\",\"shorttitle\":\"Studying public deliberation after the systemic turn\",\"url\":\"https://bristoluniversitypressdigital.com/view/journals/pp/45/2/article-p195.xml\",\"doi\":\"10.1332/030557315X14502713105886\",\"abstract\":\"The recent shift towards a deliberative systems approach suggests understanding public deliberation as a communicative activity occurring in a diversity of spaces. While theoretically attractive, the deliberative systems approach raises a number of methodological questions for empirical social scientists. For example, how does one identify multiple communicative sites within a deliberative system, how does one study connections between different sites, and how does one assess the impact of the broader context on deliberative forums and systems? Drawing on multiple case studies, this article argues that interpretive research methods are well-suited to studying the ambiguities, dynamics and politics of complex deliberative systems.\",\"language\":\"en\",\"urldate\":\"2024-08-09\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Ercan\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Selen\",\"A.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Hendriks\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Carolyn\",\"M.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Boswell\"],\"firstnames\":[\"John\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"month\":\"April\",\"year\":\"2017\",\"note\":\"Section: Policy & Politics\",\"keywords\":\"deliberative democracy, deliberative system, empirical, interpretive research\",\"pages\":\"195–212\",\"bibtex\":\"@article{ercan_studying_2017,\\n\\ttitle = {Studying public deliberation after the systemic turn: the crucial role for interpretive research},\\n\\tshorttitle = {Studying public deliberation after the systemic turn},\\n\\turl = {https://bristoluniversitypressdigital.com/view/journals/pp/45/2/article-p195.xml},\\n\\tdoi = {10.1332/030557315X14502713105886},\\n\\tabstract = {The recent shift towards a deliberative systems approach suggests understanding public deliberation as a communicative activity occurring in a diversity of spaces. While theoretically attractive, the deliberative systems approach raises a number of methodological questions for empirical social scientists. For example, how does one identify multiple communicative sites within a deliberative system, how does one study connections between different sites, and how does one assess the impact of the broader context on deliberative forums and systems? Drawing on multiple case studies, this article argues that interpretive research methods are well-suited to studying the ambiguities, dynamics and politics of complex deliberative systems.},\\n\\tlanguage = {en},\\n\\turldate = {2024-08-09},\\n\\tauthor = {Ercan, Selen A. and Hendriks, Carolyn M. and Boswell, John},\\n\\tmonth = apr,\\n\\tyear = {2017},\\n\\tnote = {Section: Policy \\\\& Politics},\\n\\tkeywords = {deliberative democracy, deliberative system, empirical, interpretive research},\\n\\tpages = {195--212},\\n}\\n\\n\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Ercan, S. A.\",\"Hendriks, C. M.\",\"Boswell, J.\"],\"key\":\"ercan_studying_2017\",\"id\":\"ercan_studying_2017\",\"bibbaseid\":\"ercan-hendriks-boswell-studyingpublicdeliberationafterthesystemicturnthecrucialroleforinterpretiveresearch-2017\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{\"Paper\":\"https://bristoluniversitypressdigital.com/view/journals/pp/45/2/article-p195.xml\"},\"keyword\":[\"deliberative democracy\",\"deliberative system\",\"empirical\",\"interpretive research\"],\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"book\",\"type\":\"book\",\"address\":\"Oxford, UK\",\"title\":\"Political Science Research in the Middle East and North Africa: Methodological and Ethical Challenges\",\"isbn\":\"978-0-19-088296-9\",\"shorttitle\":\"Political Science Research in the Middle East and North Africa\",\"url\":\"https://academic.oup.com/book/8759\",\"abstract\":\"In conducting political science research today, one's methodology is of paramount concern. Yet, despite the obvious chasm between theory and practice that all scholars experience in the field, there are no specific guidebooks on meeting the methodological and ethical challenges that fieldwork presents. Political Science Research in the Middle East and North Africa helps fill this vacuum, focusing specifically on doing research in the one of the most important regions in contemporary world politics. Janine A. Clark and Francesco Cavatorta have gathered together a large and diverse group of researchers who study the region and focus on methodological \\\"lessons learned\\\" from their first hand experiences of employing a variety of research methods while conducting fieldwork. The contributors also look at the challenges of conducting field research in a variety of contexts, such as in areas of violence, and using research methods such as interviewing and ethnography. This volume will therefore be an invaluable companion book to more standard methods books and a useful tool, not just for Middle East scholars, but for all researchers conducting research in complex settings.\",\"language\":\"en\",\"publisher\":\"Oxford University Press\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Clark\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Janine\",\"A.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Cavatorta\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Francesco\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"year\":\"2018\",\"note\":\"Google-Books-ID: ZxRbDwAAQBAJ\",\"keywords\":\"Political Science / General, Political Science / International Relations / General, Political Science / World / African, Political Science / World / Middle Eastern, Reference / Research, Social Science / Islamic Studies\",\"bibtex\":\"@book{clark_political_2018,\\n\\taddress = {Oxford, UK},\\n\\ttitle = {Political {Science} {Research} in the {Middle} {East} and {North} {Africa}: {Methodological} and {Ethical} {Challenges}},\\n\\tisbn = {978-0-19-088296-9},\\n\\tshorttitle = {Political {Science} {Research} in the {Middle} {East} and {North} {Africa}},\\n\\turl = {https://academic.oup.com/book/8759},\\n\\tabstract = {In conducting political science research today, one's methodology is of paramount concern. Yet, despite the obvious chasm between theory and practice that all scholars experience in the field, there are no specific guidebooks on meeting the methodological and ethical challenges that fieldwork presents. Political Science Research in the Middle East and North Africa helps fill this vacuum, focusing specifically on doing research in the one of the most important regions in contemporary world politics. Janine A. Clark and Francesco Cavatorta have gathered together a large and diverse group of researchers who study the region and focus on methodological \\\"lessons learned\\\" from their first hand experiences of employing a variety of research methods while conducting fieldwork. The contributors also look at the challenges of conducting field research in a variety of contexts, such as in areas of violence, and using research methods such as interviewing and ethnography. This volume will therefore be an invaluable companion book to more standard methods books and a useful tool, not just for Middle East scholars, but for all researchers conducting research in complex settings.},\\n\\tlanguage = {en},\\n\\tpublisher = {Oxford University Press},\\n\\tauthor = {Clark, Janine A. and Cavatorta, Francesco},\\n\\tyear = {2018},\\n\\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: ZxRbDwAAQBAJ},\\n\\tkeywords = {Political Science / General, Political Science / International Relations / General, Political Science / World / African, Political Science / World / Middle Eastern, Reference / Research, Social Science / Islamic Studies},\\n}\\n\\n\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Clark, J. A.\",\"Cavatorta, F.\"],\"key\":\"clark_political_2018\",\"id\":\"clark_political_2018\",\"bibbaseid\":\"clark-cavatorta-politicalscienceresearchinthemiddleeastandnorthafricamethodologicalandethicalchallenges-2018\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{\"Paper\":\"https://academic.oup.com/book/8759\"},\"keyword\":[\"Political Science / General\",\"Political Science / International Relations / General\",\"Political Science / World / African\",\"Political Science / World / Middle Eastern\",\"Reference / Research\",\"Social Science / Islamic Studies\"],\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"article\",\"type\":\"article\",\"title\":\"The Politics of Data Access in Studying Violence across Methodological Boundaries: What We Can Learn from Each Other?\",\"volume\":\"22\",\"shorttitle\":\"The Politics of Data Access in Studying Violence across Methodological Boundaries\",\"url\":\"https://academic.oup.com/isr/article-abstract/22/2/250/5803372\",\"number\":\"2\",\"urldate\":\"2024-08-09\",\"journal\":\"International Studies Review\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Brigden\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Noelle\",\"K.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Gohdes\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Anita\",\"R.\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"year\":\"2020\",\"note\":\"Publisher: Oxford University Press\",\"pages\":\"250–267\",\"bibtex\":\"@article{brigden_politics_2020,\\n\\ttitle = {The {Politics} of {Data} {Access} in {Studying} {Violence} across {Methodological} {Boundaries}: {What} {We} {Can} {Learn} from {Each} {Other}?},\\n\\tvolume = {22},\\n\\tshorttitle = {The {Politics} of {Data} {Access} in {Studying} {Violence} across {Methodological} {Boundaries}},\\n\\turl = {https://academic.oup.com/isr/article-abstract/22/2/250/5803372},\\n\\tnumber = {2},\\n\\turldate = {2024-08-09},\\n\\tjournal = {International Studies Review},\\n\\tauthor = {Brigden, Noelle K. and Gohdes, Anita R.},\\n\\tyear = {2020},\\n\\tnote = {Publisher: Oxford University Press},\\n\\tpages = {250--267},\\n}\\n\\n\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Brigden, N. K.\",\"Gohdes, A. R.\"],\"key\":\"brigden_politics_2020\",\"id\":\"brigden_politics_2020\",\"bibbaseid\":\"brigden-gohdes-thepoliticsofdataaccessinstudyingviolenceacrossmethodologicalboundarieswhatwecanlearnfromeachother-2020\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{\"Paper\":\"https://academic.oup.com/isr/article-abstract/22/2/250/5803372\"},\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"book\",\"type\":\"book\",\"address\":\"Cambridge\",\"series\":\"Strategies for Social Inquiry\",\"title\":\"The Art and Craft of Comparison\",\"isbn\":\"978-1-108-47285-2\",\"url\":\"https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/art-and-craft-of-comparison/D7BD358158B5444D1E1D1122A0114C5B\",\"abstract\":\"Is it possible to compare French presidential politics with village leadership in rural India? Most social scientists are united in thinking such unlikely juxtapositions are not feasible. Boswell, Corbett and Rhodes argue that they are possible. This book explains why and how. It is a call to arms for interpretivists to embrace creatively comparative work. As well as explaining, defending and illustrating the comparative interpretive approach, this book is also an engaging, hands-on guide to doing comparative interpretive research, with chapters covering design, fieldwork, analysis and writing. The advice in each revolves around 'rules of thumb', grounded in experience, and illustrated through stories and examples from the authors' research in different contexts around the world. Naturalist and humanist traditions have thus far dominated the field but this book presents a real alternative to these two orthodoxies which expands the horizons of comparative analysis in social science research.\",\"urldate\":\"2024-08-09\",\"publisher\":\"Cambridge University Press\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Boswell\"],\"firstnames\":[\"John\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Corbett\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Jack\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Rhodes\"],\"firstnames\":[\"R.\",\"A.\",\"W.\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"year\":\"2019\",\"doi\":\"10.1017/9781108561563\",\"bibtex\":\"@book{boswell_art_2019,\\n\\taddress = {Cambridge},\\n\\tseries = {Strategies for {Social} {Inquiry}},\\n\\ttitle = {The {Art} and {Craft} of {Comparison}},\\n\\tisbn = {978-1-108-47285-2},\\n\\turl = {https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/art-and-craft-of-comparison/D7BD358158B5444D1E1D1122A0114C5B},\\n\\tabstract = {Is it possible to compare French presidential politics with village leadership in rural India? Most social scientists are united in thinking such unlikely juxtapositions are not feasible. Boswell, Corbett and Rhodes argue that they are possible. This book explains why and how. It is a call to arms for interpretivists to embrace creatively comparative work. As well as explaining, defending and illustrating the comparative interpretive approach, this book is also an engaging, hands-on guide to doing comparative interpretive research, with chapters covering design, fieldwork, analysis and writing. The advice in each revolves around 'rules of thumb', grounded in experience, and illustrated through stories and examples from the authors' research in different contexts around the world. Naturalist and humanist traditions have thus far dominated the field but this book presents a real alternative to these two orthodoxies which expands the horizons of comparative analysis in social science research.},\\n\\turldate = {2024-08-09},\\n\\tpublisher = {Cambridge University Press},\\n\\tauthor = {Boswell, John and Corbett, Jack and Rhodes, R. A. W.},\\n\\tyear = {2019},\\n\\tdoi = {10.1017/9781108561563},\\n}\\n\\n\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Boswell, J.\",\"Corbett, J.\",\"Rhodes, R. A. W.\"],\"key\":\"boswell_art_2019\",\"id\":\"boswell_art_2019\",\"bibbaseid\":\"boswell-corbett-rhodes-theartandcraftofcomparison-2019\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{\"Paper\":\"https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/art-and-craft-of-comparison/D7BD358158B5444D1E1D1122A0114C5B\"},\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"incollection\",\"type\":\"incollection\",\"address\":\"Cham, Switzerland\",\"title\":\"Preparing for Fieldwork Interviews\",\"isbn\":\"978-3-030-46432-5 978-3-030-46433-2\",\"url\":\"http://link.springer.com/10.1007/978-3-030-46433-2_5\",\"language\":\"en\",\"urldate\":\"2024-08-09\",\"booktitle\":\"The Companion to Peace and Conflict Fieldwork\",\"publisher\":\"Springer International Publishing\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Bliesemann\",\"De\",\"Guevara\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Berit\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Poopuu\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Birgit\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"editor\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Mac\",\"Ginty\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Roger\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Brett\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Roddy\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Vogel\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Birte\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"year\":\"2021\",\"doi\":\"10.1007/978-3-030-46433-2_5\",\"pages\":\"65–83\",\"bibtex\":\"@incollection{mac_ginty_preparing_2021,\\n\\taddress = {Cham, Switzerland},\\n\\ttitle = {Preparing for {Fieldwork} {Interviews}},\\n\\tisbn = {978-3-030-46432-5 978-3-030-46433-2},\\n\\turl = {http://link.springer.com/10.1007/978-3-030-46433-2_5},\\n\\tlanguage = {en},\\n\\turldate = {2024-08-09},\\n\\tbooktitle = {The {Companion} to {Peace} and {Conflict} {Fieldwork}},\\n\\tpublisher = {Springer International Publishing},\\n\\tauthor = {Bliesemann De Guevara, Berit and Poopuu, Birgit},\\n\\teditor = {Mac Ginty, Roger and Brett, Roddy and Vogel, Birte},\\n\\tyear = {2021},\\n\\tdoi = {10.1007/978-3-030-46433-2_5},\\n\\tpages = {65--83},\\n}\\n\\n\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Bliesemann De Guevara, B.\",\"Poopuu, B.\"],\"editor_short\":[\"Mac Ginty, R.\",\"Brett, R.\",\"Vogel, B.\"],\"key\":\"mac_ginty_preparing_2021\",\"id\":\"mac_ginty_preparing_2021\",\"bibbaseid\":\"bliesemanndeguevara-poopuu-preparingforfieldworkinterviews-2021\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{\"Paper\":\"http://link.springer.com/10.1007/978-3-030-46433-2_5\"},\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"book\",\"type\":\"book\",\"address\":\"Notre Dame: IN\",\"title\":\"Alasdair MacIntyre, Charles Taylor, and the Demise of Naturalism: Reunifying Political Theory and Social Science\",\"shorttitle\":\"Alasdair MacIntyre, Charles Taylor, and the Demise of Naturalism\",\"url\":\"https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctvpj75fm\",\"abstract\":\"Today the ethical and normative concerns of everyday citizens are all too often sidelined from the study of political and social issues, driven out by an effort to create a more \\\"scientific\\\" study. This book offers a way for social scientists and political theorists to reintegrate the empirical and the normative, proposing a way out of the scientism that clouds our age. In <i>Alasdair MacIntyre, Charles Taylor, and the Demise of Naturalism</i> , Jason Blakely argues that the resources for overcoming this divide are found in the respective intellectual developments of Charles Taylor and Alasdair MacIntyre. Blakely examines their often parallel intellectual journeys, which led them to critically engage the British New Left, analytic philosophy, phenomenology, continental hermeneutics, and modern social science. Although MacIntyre and Taylor are not <i>sui generis</i> , Blakely claims they each present a new, revived humanism, one that insists on the creative agency of the human person against reductive, instrumental, technocratic, and scientistic ways of thinking. The recovery of certain key themes in these philosophers' works generates a new political philosophy with which to face certain unprecedented problems of our age. Taylor's and MacIntyre's philosophies give social scientists working in all disciplines (from economics and sociology to political science and psychology) an alternative theoretical framework for conducting research.\",\"urldate\":\"2024-08-09\",\"publisher\":\"University of Notre Dame Press\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Blakely\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Jason\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"year\":\"2016\",\"doi\":\"10.2307/j.ctvpj75fm\",\"bibtex\":\"@book{blakely_alasdair_2016,\\n\\taddress = {Notre Dame: IN},\\n\\ttitle = {Alasdair {MacIntyre}, {Charles} {Taylor}, and the {Demise} of {Naturalism}: {Reunifying} {Political} {Theory} and {Social} {Science}},\\n\\tshorttitle = {Alasdair {MacIntyre}, {Charles} {Taylor}, and the {Demise} of {Naturalism}},\\n\\turl = {https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctvpj75fm},\\n\\tabstract = {Today the ethical and normative concerns of everyday citizens are all too often sidelined from the study of political and social issues, driven out by an effort to create a more \\\"scientific\\\" study. This book offers a way for social scientists and political theorists to reintegrate the empirical and the normative, proposing a way out of the scientism that clouds our age. In \\\\textit{Alasdair MacIntyre, Charles Taylor, and the Demise of Naturalism} , Jason Blakely argues that the resources for overcoming this divide are found in the respective intellectual developments of Charles Taylor and Alasdair MacIntyre. Blakely examines their often parallel intellectual journeys, which led them to critically engage the British New Left, analytic philosophy, phenomenology, continental hermeneutics, and modern social science. Although MacIntyre and Taylor are not \\\\textit{sui generis} , Blakely claims they each present a new, revived humanism, one that insists on the creative agency of the human person against reductive, instrumental, technocratic, and scientistic ways of thinking. The recovery of certain key themes in these philosophers' works generates a new political philosophy with which to face certain unprecedented problems of our age. Taylor's and MacIntyre's philosophies give social scientists working in all disciplines (from economics and sociology to political science and psychology) an alternative theoretical framework for conducting research.},\\n\\turldate = {2024-08-09},\\n\\tpublisher = {University of Notre Dame Press},\\n\\tauthor = {Blakely, Jason},\\n\\tyear = {2016},\\n\\tdoi = {10.2307/j.ctvpj75fm},\\n}\\n\\n\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Blakely, J.\"],\"key\":\"blakely_alasdair_2016\",\"id\":\"blakely_alasdair_2016\",\"bibbaseid\":\"blakely-alasdairmacintyrecharlestaylorandthedemiseofnaturalismreunifyingpoliticaltheoryandsocialscience-2016\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{\"Paper\":\"https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctvpj75fm\"},\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"book\",\"type\":\"book\",\"address\":\"New York, N.Y\",\"title\":\"Routledge Handbook of Interpretive Political Science\",\"isbn\":\"978-1-317-53361-0\",\"url\":\"https://www.routledge.com/Routledge-Handbook-of-Interpretive-Political-Science/Bevir-Rhodes/p/book/9781138498884\",\"abstract\":\"Interpretive political science focuses on the meanings that shape actions and institutions, and the ways in which they do so. This Handbook explores the implications of interpretive theory for the study of politics. It provides the first definitive survey of the field edited by two of its pioneers. Written by leading scholars from a range of disciplinary backgrounds, the Handbook’s 32 chapters are split into five parts which explore: the contrast between interpretive theory and mainstream political science; the main forms of interpretive theory and the theoretical concepts associated with interpretive political science; the methods used by interpretive political scientists; the insights provided by interpretive political science on empirical topics; the implications of interpretive political science for professional practices such as policy analysis, planning, accountancy, and public health. With an emphasis on the applications of interpretive political science to a range of topics and disciplines, this Handbook is an invaluable resource for students, scholars, and practitioners in the areas of international relations, comparative politics, political sociology, political psychology, and public administration.\",\"language\":\"en\",\"publisher\":\"Routledge\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Bevir\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Mark\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Rhodes\"],\"firstnames\":[\"R.\",\"A.\",\"W.\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"month\":\"July\",\"year\":\"2015\",\"note\":\"Google-Books-ID: xAcXCgAAQBAJ\",\"keywords\":\"Political Science / General, Political Science / International Relations / General\",\"bibtex\":\"@book{bevir_routledge_2015,\\n\\taddress = {New York, N.Y},\\n\\ttitle = {Routledge {Handbook} of {Interpretive} {Political} {Science}},\\n\\tisbn = {978-1-317-53361-0},\\n\\turl = {https://www.routledge.com/Routledge-Handbook-of-Interpretive-Political-Science/Bevir-Rhodes/p/book/9781138498884},\\n\\tabstract = {Interpretive political science focuses on the meanings that shape actions and institutions, and the ways in which they do so. This Handbook explores the implications of interpretive theory for the study of politics. It provides the first definitive survey of the field edited by two of its pioneers. Written by leading scholars from a range of disciplinary backgrounds, the Handbook’s 32 chapters are split into five parts which explore:   the contrast between interpretive theory and mainstream political science;   the main forms of interpretive theory and the theoretical concepts associated with interpretive political science;   the methods used by interpretive political scientists;   the insights provided by interpretive political science on empirical topics;   the implications of interpretive political science for professional practices such as policy analysis, planning, accountancy, and public health. With an emphasis on the applications of interpretive political science to a range of topics and disciplines, this Handbook is an invaluable resource for students, scholars, and practitioners in the areas of international relations, comparative politics, political sociology, political psychology, and public administration.},\\n\\tlanguage = {en},\\n\\tpublisher = {Routledge},\\n\\tauthor = {Bevir, Mark and Rhodes, R. A. W.},\\n\\tmonth = jul,\\n\\tyear = {2015},\\n\\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: xAcXCgAAQBAJ},\\n\\tkeywords = {Political Science / General, Political Science / International Relations / General},\\n}\\n\\n\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Bevir, M.\",\"Rhodes, R. A. W.\"],\"key\":\"bevir_routledge_2015\",\"id\":\"bevir_routledge_2015\",\"bibbaseid\":\"bevir-rhodes-routledgehandbookofinterpretivepoliticalscience-2015\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{\"Paper\":\"https://www.routledge.com/Routledge-Handbook-of-Interpretive-Political-Science/Bevir-Rhodes/p/book/9781138498884\"},\"keyword\":[\"Political Science / General\",\"Political Science / International Relations / General\"],\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"article\",\"type\":\"article\",\"title\":\"Introduction: towards deliberative policy analysis 2.0\",\"volume\":\"41\",\"issn\":\"0144-2872\",\"shorttitle\":\"Introduction\",\"url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1080/01442872.2020.1772219\",\"doi\":\"10.1080/01442872.2020.1772219\",\"abstract\":\"The purpose of this second special issue is to build on and extend the development of Deliberative Policy Analysis (DPA) 2.0 that was set in motion by the first special issue on DPA in this journal. It is set up around a symposium focused on integrating DPA’s pillars of interpretation, practice, and deliberation. We identify three key threads for interweaving these three pillars and advancing DPA 2.0 and introduce the five other contributions to this special issue along these lines. We conclude that DPA 2.0 offers a range of solid and progressive approaches for methodically engaging with the complexity, relationality and practical nature of policy processes.\",\"number\":\"4\",\"urldate\":\"2024-08-09\",\"journal\":\"Policy Studies\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Bartels\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Koen\",\"P.R.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Wagenaar\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Hendrik\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Li\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Ya\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"month\":\"July\",\"year\":\"2020\",\"note\":\"Publisher: Routledge _eprint: https://doi.org/10.1080/01442872.2020.1772219\",\"keywords\":\"Deliberative policy analysis, complexity, deliberation, interpretation, practice, relationality\",\"pages\":\"295–306\",\"bibtex\":\"@article{bartels_introduction_2020,\\n\\ttitle = {Introduction: towards deliberative policy analysis 2.0},\\n\\tvolume = {41},\\n\\tissn = {0144-2872},\\n\\tshorttitle = {Introduction},\\n\\turl = {https://doi.org/10.1080/01442872.2020.1772219},\\n\\tdoi = {10.1080/01442872.2020.1772219},\\n\\tabstract = {The purpose of this second special issue is to build on and extend the development of Deliberative Policy Analysis (DPA) 2.0 that was set in motion by the first special issue on DPA in this journal. It is set up around a symposium focused on integrating DPA’s pillars of interpretation, practice, and deliberation. We identify three key threads for interweaving these three pillars and advancing DPA 2.0 and introduce the five other contributions to this special issue along these lines. We conclude that DPA 2.0 offers a range of solid and progressive approaches for methodically engaging with the complexity, relationality and practical nature of policy processes.},\\n\\tnumber = {4},\\n\\turldate = {2024-08-09},\\n\\tjournal = {Policy Studies},\\n\\tauthor = {Bartels, Koen P.R. and Wagenaar, Hendrik and Li, Ya},\\n\\tmonth = jul,\\n\\tyear = {2020},\\n\\tnote = {Publisher: Routledge\\n\\\\_eprint: https://doi.org/10.1080/01442872.2020.1772219},\\n\\tkeywords = {Deliberative policy analysis, complexity, deliberation, interpretation, practice, relationality},\\n\\tpages = {295--306},\\n}\\n\\n\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Bartels, K. P.\",\"Wagenaar, H.\",\"Li, Y.\"],\"key\":\"bartels_introduction_2020\",\"id\":\"bartels_introduction_2020\",\"bibbaseid\":\"bartels-wagenaar-li-introductiontowardsdeliberativepolicyanalysis20-2020\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{\"Paper\":\"https://doi.org/10.1080/01442872.2020.1772219\"},\"keyword\":[\"Deliberative policy analysis\",\"complexity\",\"deliberation\",\"interpretation\",\"practice\",\"relationality\"],\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"book\",\"type\":\"book\",\"title\":\"Anthropology and Political Science: A Convergent Approach\",\"isbn\":\"978-0-85745-725-7\",\"shorttitle\":\"Anthropology and Political Science\",\"abstract\":\"What can anthropology and political science learn from each other? The authors argue that collaboration, particularly in the area of concepts and methodologies, is tremendously beneficial for both disciplines, though they also deal with some troubling aspects of the relationship. Focusing on the influence of anthropology on political science, the book examines the basic assumptions the practitioners of each discipline make about the nature of social and political reality, compares some of the key concepts each field employs, and provides an extensive review of the basic methods of research that \\\"bridge\\\" both disciplines: ethnography and case study. Through ethnography (participant observation), reliance on extended case studies, and the use of \\\"anthropological\\\" concepts and sensibilities, a greater understanding of some of the most challenging issues of the day can be gained. For example, political anthropology challenges the illusion of the \\\"autonomy of the political\\\" assumed by political science to characterize so-called modern societies. Several chapters include a cross-disciplinary analysis of key concepts and issues: political culture, political ritual, the politics of collective identity, democratization in divided societies, conflict resolution, civil society, and the politics of post-Communist transformations.\",\"language\":\"en\",\"publisher\":\"Berghahn Books\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Aronoff\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Myron\",\"J.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Kubik\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Jan\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"year\":\"2013\",\"note\":\"Google-Books-ID: 40KgTfu8jY4C\",\"keywords\":\"Political Science / General, Political Science / History & Theory, Social Science / Anthropology / Cultural & Social, Social Science / Anthropology / General, Social Science / Sociology / General\",\"bibtex\":\"@book{aronoff_anthropology_2013,\\n\\ttitle = {Anthropology and {Political} {Science}: {A} {Convergent} {Approach}},\\n\\tisbn = {978-0-85745-725-7},\\n\\tshorttitle = {Anthropology and {Political} {Science}},\\n\\tabstract = {What can anthropology and political science learn from each other? The authors argue that collaboration, particularly in the area of concepts and methodologies, is tremendously beneficial for both disciplines, though they also deal with some troubling aspects of the relationship. Focusing on the influence of anthropology on political science, the book examines the basic assumptions the practitioners of each discipline make about the nature of social and political reality, compares some of the key concepts each field employs, and provides an extensive review of the basic methods of research that \\\"bridge\\\" both disciplines: ethnography and case study. Through ethnography (participant observation), reliance on extended case studies, and the use of \\\"anthropological\\\" concepts and sensibilities, a greater understanding of some of the most challenging issues of the day can be gained. For example, political anthropology challenges the illusion of the \\\"autonomy of the political\\\" assumed by political science to characterize so-called modern societies. Several chapters include a cross-disciplinary analysis of key concepts and issues: political culture, political ritual, the politics of collective identity, democratization in divided societies, conflict resolution, civil society, and the politics of post-Communist transformations.},\\n\\tlanguage = {en},\\n\\tpublisher = {Berghahn Books},\\n\\tauthor = {Aronoff, Myron J. and Kubik, Jan},\\n\\tyear = {2013},\\n\\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: 40KgTfu8jY4C},\\n\\tkeywords = {Political Science / General, Political Science / History \\\\& Theory, Social Science / Anthropology / Cultural \\\\& Social, Social Science / Anthropology / General, Social Science / Sociology / General},\\n}\\n\\n\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Aronoff, M. J.\",\"Kubik, J.\"],\"key\":\"aronoff_anthropology_2013\",\"id\":\"aronoff_anthropology_2013\",\"bibbaseid\":\"aronoff-kubik-anthropologyandpoliticalscienceaconvergentapproach-2013\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{},\"keyword\":[\"Political Science / General\",\"Political Science / History & Theory\",\"Social Science / Anthropology / Cultural & Social\",\"Social Science / Anthropology / General\",\"Social Science / Sociology / General\"],\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"article\",\"type\":\"article\",\"title\":\"Critical methods in International Relations: The politics of techniques, devices and acts\",\"volume\":\"20\",\"issn\":\"1354-0661\",\"shorttitle\":\"Critical methods in International Relations\",\"url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1177/1354066112474479\",\"doi\":\"10.1177/1354066112474479\",\"abstract\":\"Methods have increasingly been placed at the heart of theoretical and empirical research in International Relations (IR) and social sciences more generally. This article explores the role of methods in IR and argues that methods can be part of a critical project if reconceptualized away from neutral techniques of organizing empirical material and research design. It proposes a two-pronged reconceptualization of critical methods as devices which enact worlds and acts which disrupt particular worlds. Developing this conceptualization allows us to foreground questions of knowledge and politics as stakes of method and methodology rather than exclusively of ontology, epistemology or theory. It also allows us to move away from the dominance of scientificity (and its weaker versions of systematicity and rigour) to understand methods as less pure, less formal, messier and more experimental, carrying substantive political visions.\",\"language\":\"en\",\"number\":\"3\",\"urldate\":\"2024-08-09\",\"journal\":\"European Journal of International Relations\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Aradau\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Claudia\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Huysmans\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Jef\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"month\":\"September\",\"year\":\"2014\",\"note\":\"Publisher: SAGE Publications Ltd\",\"pages\":\"596–619\",\"bibtex\":\"@article{aradau_critical_2014,\\n\\ttitle = {Critical methods in {International} {Relations}: {The} politics of techniques, devices and acts},\\n\\tvolume = {20},\\n\\tissn = {1354-0661},\\n\\tshorttitle = {Critical methods in {International} {Relations}},\\n\\turl = {https://doi.org/10.1177/1354066112474479},\\n\\tdoi = {10.1177/1354066112474479},\\n\\tabstract = {Methods have increasingly been placed at the heart of theoretical and empirical research in International Relations (IR) and social sciences more generally. This article explores the role of methods in IR and argues that methods can be part of a critical project if reconceptualized away from neutral techniques of organizing empirical material and research design. It proposes a two-pronged reconceptualization of critical methods as devices which enact worlds and acts which disrupt particular worlds. Developing this conceptualization allows us to foreground questions of knowledge and politics as stakes of method and methodology rather than exclusively of ontology, epistemology or theory. It also allows us to move away from the dominance of scientificity (and its weaker versions of systematicity and rigour) to understand methods as less pure, less formal, messier and more experimental, carrying substantive political visions.},\\n\\tlanguage = {en},\\n\\tnumber = {3},\\n\\turldate = {2024-08-09},\\n\\tjournal = {European Journal of International Relations},\\n\\tauthor = {Aradau, Claudia and Huysmans, Jef},\\n\\tmonth = sep,\\n\\tyear = {2014},\\n\\tnote = {Publisher: SAGE Publications Ltd},\\n\\tpages = {596--619},\\n}\\n\\n\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Aradau, C.\",\"Huysmans, J.\"],\"key\":\"aradau_critical_2014\",\"id\":\"aradau_critical_2014\",\"bibbaseid\":\"aradau-huysmans-criticalmethodsininternationalrelationsthepoliticsoftechniquesdevicesandacts-2014\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{\"Paper\":\"https://doi.org/10.1177/1354066112474479\"},\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"book\",\"type\":\"book\",\"address\":\"New York, N.Y\",\"title\":\"Reflexivity and International Relations: Positionality, Critique, and Practice\",\"shorttitle\":\"Reflexivity and International Relations\",\"url\":\"https://www.routledge.com/Reflexivity-and-International-Relations-Positionality-Critique-and-Practice/Amoureux-Steele/p/book/9781138789227\",\"abstract\":\"Reflexivity has become a common term in IR scholarship with a variety of uses and meanings. Yet for such an important concept and referent, understandings of reflexivity have been more assumed rather than developed by those who use it, from realists and constructivists to feminists and post-structuralists.This volume seeks to provide the first overview of reflexivity in international relations theory, offering students and scholars a text a comprehensive and systematic overview of the current reflexivity literature develops important insights into how reflexivity can play a broader role in IR theory pushes reflexivity in new, productive directions, and offers more nuanced and concrete specifications of reflexivity moves reflexivity beyond the scholar and the scholarly field to political practice Formulates practices of reflexivity.Drawing together the work of many of the key scholars in the field into one volume, this work will be essential reading for all students of international relations theory.\",\"language\":\"English\",\"publisher\":\"Routledge\",\"editor\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Amoureux\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Jack\",\"L.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Steele\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Brent\",\"J.\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"year\":\"2015\",\"bibtex\":\"@book{amoureux_reflexivity_2015,\\n\\taddress = {New York, N.Y},\\n\\ttitle = {Reflexivity and {International} {Relations}: {Positionality}, {Critique}, and {Practice}},\\n\\tshorttitle = {Reflexivity and {International} {Relations}},\\n\\turl = {https://www.routledge.com/Reflexivity-and-International-Relations-Positionality-Critique-and-Practice/Amoureux-Steele/p/book/9781138789227},\\n\\tabstract = {Reflexivity has become a common term in IR scholarship with a variety of uses and meanings. Yet for such an important concept and referent, understandings of reflexivity have been more assumed rather than developed by those who use it, from realists and constructivists to feminists and post-structuralists.This volume seeks to provide the first overview of reflexivity in international relations theory, offering students and scholars a text a comprehensive and systematic overview of the current reflexivity literature develops important insights into how reflexivity can play a broader role in IR theory pushes reflexivity in new, productive directions, and offers more nuanced and concrete specifications of reflexivity moves reflexivity beyond the scholar and the scholarly field to political practice Formulates practices of reflexivity.Drawing together the work of many of the key scholars in the field into one volume, this work will be essential reading for all students of international relations theory.},\\n\\tlanguage = {English},\\n\\tpublisher = {Routledge},\\n\\teditor = {Amoureux, Jack L. and Steele, Brent J.},\\n\\tyear = {2015},\\n}\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\",\"editor_short\":[\"Amoureux, J. L.\",\"Steele, B. J.\"],\"key\":\"amoureux_reflexivity_2015\",\"id\":\"amoureux_reflexivity_2015\",\"bibbaseid\":\"amoureux-steele-reflexivityandinternationalrelationspositionalitycritiqueandpractice-2015\",\"role\":\"editor\",\"urls\":{\"Paper\":\"https://www.routledge.com/Reflexivity-and-International-Relations-Positionality-Critique-and-Practice/Amoureux-Steele/p/book/9781138789227\"},\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"article\",\"type\":\"article\",\"title\":\"The Methods Café: An Innovative Idea for Methods Teaching at Conference Meetings\",\"volume\":\"40\",\"issn\":\"1049-0965\",\"shorttitle\":\"The Methods Café\",\"url\":\"https://www.jstor.org/stable/20451965\",\"number\":\"2\",\"urldate\":\"2024-08-08\",\"journal\":\"PS: Political Science and Politics\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Yanow\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Dvora\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Schwartz-Shea\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Peregrine\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"year\":\"2007\",\"note\":\"Publisher: [American Political Science Association, Cambridge University Press]\",\"pages\":\"383–386\",\"bibtex\":\"@article{yanow_methods_2007,\\n\\ttitle = {The {Methods} {Café}: {An} {Innovative} {Idea} for {Methods} {Teaching} at {Conference} {Meetings}},\\n\\tvolume = {40},\\n\\tissn = {1049-0965},\\n\\tshorttitle = {The {Methods} {Café}},\\n\\turl = {https://www.jstor.org/stable/20451965},\\n\\tnumber = {2},\\n\\turldate = {2024-08-08},\\n\\tjournal = {PS: Political Science and Politics},\\n\\tauthor = {Yanow, Dvora and Schwartz-Shea, Peregrine},\\n\\tyear = {2007},\\n\\tnote = {Publisher: [American Political Science Association, Cambridge University Press]},\\n\\tpages = {383--386},\\n}\\n\\n\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Yanow, D.\",\"Schwartz-Shea, P.\"],\"key\":\"yanow_methods_2007\",\"id\":\"yanow_methods_2007\",\"bibbaseid\":\"yanow-schwartzshea-themethodscafaninnovativeideaformethodsteachingatconferencemeetings-2007\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{\"Paper\":\"https://www.jstor.org/stable/20451965\"},\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"incollection\",\"type\":\"incollection\",\"title\":\"Scientific Knowledge, Liberalism, and Empire: American Political Science in the Modern Middle East\",\"copyright\":\"De Gruyter expressly reserves the right to use all content for commercial text and data mining within the meaning of Section 44b of the German Copyright Act.\",\"isbn\":\"978-1-4798-5066-2\",\"shorttitle\":\"1 Scientific Knowledge, Liberalism, and Empire\",\"url\":\"https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.18574/nyu/9781479827787.003.0002/html?lang=en\",\"abstract\":\"1 Scientific Knowledge, Liberalism, and Empire: American Political Science in the Modern Middle East was published in Middle East Studies for the New Millennium on page 31.\",\"language\":\"en\",\"urldate\":\"2024-08-08\",\"booktitle\":\"1 Scientific Knowledge, Liberalism, and Empire: American Political Science in the Modern Middle East\",\"publisher\":\"New York University Press\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Wedeen\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Lisa\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"month\":\"November\",\"year\":\"2016\",\"doi\":\"10.18574/nyu/9781479827787.003.0002\",\"pages\":\"31–81\",\"bibtex\":\"@incollection{wedeen_scientific_2016,\\n\\ttitle = {Scientific {Knowledge}, {Liberalism}, and {Empire}: {American} {Political} {Science} in the {Modern} {Middle} {East}},\\n\\tcopyright = {De Gruyter expressly reserves the right to use all content for commercial text and data mining within the meaning of Section 44b of the German Copyright Act.},\\n\\tisbn = {978-1-4798-5066-2},\\n\\tshorttitle = {1 {Scientific} {Knowledge}, {Liberalism}, and {Empire}},\\n\\turl = {https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.18574/nyu/9781479827787.003.0002/html?lang=en},\\n\\tabstract = {1 Scientific Knowledge, Liberalism, and Empire: American Political Science in the Modern Middle East was published in Middle East Studies for the New Millennium on page 31.},\\n\\tlanguage = {en},\\n\\turldate = {2024-08-08},\\n\\tbooktitle = {1 {Scientific} {Knowledge}, {Liberalism}, and {Empire}: {American} {Political} {Science} in the {Modern} {Middle} {East}},\\n\\tpublisher = {New York University Press},\\n\\tauthor = {Wedeen, Lisa},\\n\\tmonth = nov,\\n\\tyear = {2016},\\n\\tdoi = {10.18574/nyu/9781479827787.003.0002},\\n\\tpages = {31--81},\\n}\\n\\n\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Wedeen, L.\"],\"key\":\"wedeen_scientific_2016\",\"id\":\"wedeen_scientific_2016\",\"bibbaseid\":\"wedeen-scientificknowledgeliberalismandempireamericanpoliticalscienceinthemodernmiddleeast-2016\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{\"Paper\":\"https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.18574/nyu/9781479827787.003.0002/html?lang=en\"},\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"book\",\"type\":\"book\",\"address\":\"Chicago, IL\",\"title\":\"Ambiguities of Domination: Politics, Rhetoric, and Symbols in Contemporary Syria\",\"isbn\":\"978-0-226-33337-3\",\"shorttitle\":\"Ambiguities of Domination\",\"url\":\"https://press.uchicago.edu/ucp/books/book/chicago/A/bo22776830.html\",\"abstract\":\"Treating rhetoric and symbols as central rather than peripheral to politics, Lisa Wedeen’s groundbreaking book offers a compelling counterargument to those who insist that politics is primarily about material interests and the groups advocating for them. During the thirty-year rule of President Hafiz al-Asad’s regime, his image was everywhere. In newspapers, on television, and during orchestrated spectacles. Asad was praised as the “father,” the “gallant knight,” even the country’s “premier pharmacist.” Yet most Syrians, including those who create the official rhetoric, did not believe its claims. Why would a regime spend scarce resources on a personality cult whose content is patently spurious? Wedeen shows how such flagrantly fictitious claims were able to produce a politics of public dissimulation in which citizens acted as if they revered the leader. By inundating daily life with tired symbolism, the regime exercised a subtle, yet effective form of power. The cult worked to enforce obedience, induce complicity, isolate Syrians from one another, and set guidelines for public speech and behavior. Wedeen‘s ethnographic research demonstrates how Syrians recognized the disciplinary aspects of the cult and sought to undermine them. In a new preface, Wedeen discusses the uprising against the Syrian regime that began in 2011 and questions the usefulness of the concept of legitimacy in trying to analyze and understand authoritarian regimes.\",\"language\":\"en\",\"urldate\":\"2024-08-08\",\"publisher\":\"University of Chicago Press\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Wedeen\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Lisa\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"editor\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Author\"],\"firstnames\":[\"the\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"month\":\"September\",\"year\":\"2015\",\"keywords\":\"academic, advocacy, argument, contemporary, cult, cultural, culture, eastern, government, historical, history, leaders, leadership, material, middle east, modern, newspaper, personality, poli sci, political, politician, politics, power, president, propaganda, research, rhetoric, rhetorical, ruler, scholarly, symbology, symbols, syria, television\",\"bibtex\":\"@book{wedeen_ambiguities_2015,\\n\\taddress = {Chicago, IL},\\n\\ttitle = {Ambiguities of {Domination}: {Politics}, {Rhetoric}, and {Symbols} in {Contemporary} {Syria}},\\n\\tisbn = {978-0-226-33337-3},\\n\\tshorttitle = {Ambiguities of {Domination}},\\n\\turl = {https://press.uchicago.edu/ucp/books/book/chicago/A/bo22776830.html},\\n\\tabstract = {Treating rhetoric and symbols as central rather than peripheral to politics, Lisa Wedeen’s groundbreaking book offers a compelling counterargument to those who insist that politics is primarily about material interests and the groups advocating for them. During the thirty-year rule of President Hafiz al-Asad’s regime, his image was everywhere. In newspapers, on television, and during orchestrated spectacles. Asad was praised as the “father,” the “gallant knight,” even the country’s “premier pharmacist.” Yet most Syrians, including those who create the official rhetoric, did not believe its claims. Why would a regime spend scarce resources on a personality cult whose content is patently spurious? Wedeen shows how such flagrantly fictitious claims were able to produce a politics of public dissimulation in which citizens acted as if they revered the leader. By inundating daily life with tired symbolism, the regime exercised a subtle, yet effective form of power. The cult worked to enforce obedience, induce complicity, isolate Syrians from one another, and set guidelines for public speech and behavior. Wedeen‘s ethnographic research demonstrates how Syrians recognized the disciplinary aspects of the cult and sought to undermine them. In a new preface, Wedeen discusses the uprising against the Syrian regime that began in 2011 and questions the usefulness of the concept of legitimacy in trying to analyze and understand authoritarian regimes.},\\n\\tlanguage = {en},\\n\\turldate = {2024-08-08},\\n\\tpublisher = {University of Chicago Press},\\n\\tauthor = {Wedeen, Lisa},\\n\\teditor = {Author, the},\\n\\tmonth = sep,\\n\\tyear = {2015},\\n\\tkeywords = {academic, advocacy, argument, contemporary, cult, cultural, culture, eastern, government, historical, history, leaders, leadership, material, middle east, modern, newspaper, personality, poli sci, political, politician, politics, power, president, propaganda, research, rhetoric, rhetorical, ruler, scholarly, symbology, symbols, syria, television},\\n}\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Wedeen, L.\"],\"editor_short\":[\"Author, t.\"],\"key\":\"wedeen_ambiguities_2015\",\"id\":\"wedeen_ambiguities_2015\",\"bibbaseid\":\"wedeen-ambiguitiesofdominationpoliticsrhetoricandsymbolsincontemporarysyria-2015\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{\"Paper\":\"https://press.uchicago.edu/ucp/books/book/chicago/A/bo22776830.html\"},\"keyword\":[\"academic\",\"advocacy\",\"argument\",\"contemporary\",\"cult\",\"cultural\",\"culture\",\"eastern\",\"government\",\"historical\",\"history\",\"leaders\",\"leadership\",\"material\",\"middle east\",\"modern\",\"newspaper\",\"personality\",\"poli sci\",\"political\",\"politician\",\"politics\",\"power\",\"president\",\"propaganda\",\"research\",\"rhetoric\",\"rhetorical\",\"ruler\",\"scholarly\",\"symbology\",\"symbols\",\"syria\",\"television\"],\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"incollection\",\"type\":\"incollection\",\"title\":\"Ethnography as Interpretive Enterprise\",\"copyright\":\"De Gruyter expressly reserves the right to use all content for commercial text and data mining within the meaning of Section 44b of the German Copyright Act.\",\"isbn\":\"978-0-226-73678-5\",\"url\":\"https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.7208/9780226736785-006/html?lang=en\",\"abstract\":\"THREE Ethnography as Interpretive Enterprise was published in Political Ethnography on page 75.\",\"language\":\"en\",\"urldate\":\"2024-08-08\",\"booktitle\":\"THREE Ethnography as Interpretive Enterprise\",\"publisher\":\"University of Chicago Press\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Wedeen\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Lisa\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"month\":\"February\",\"year\":\"2013\",\"doi\":\"10.7208/9780226736785-006\",\"pages\":\"75–94\",\"bibtex\":\"@incollection{wedeen_ethnography_2013,\\n\\ttitle = {Ethnography as {Interpretive} {Enterprise}},\\n\\tcopyright = {De Gruyter expressly reserves the right to use all content for commercial text and data mining within the meaning of Section 44b of the German Copyright Act.},\\n\\tisbn = {978-0-226-73678-5},\\n\\turl = {https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.7208/9780226736785-006/html?lang=en},\\n\\tabstract = {THREE Ethnography as Interpretive Enterprise was published in Political Ethnography on page 75.},\\n\\tlanguage = {en},\\n\\turldate = {2024-08-08},\\n\\tbooktitle = {{THREE} {Ethnography} as {Interpretive} {Enterprise}},\\n\\tpublisher = {University of Chicago Press},\\n\\tauthor = {Wedeen, Lisa},\\n\\tmonth = feb,\\n\\tyear = {2013},\\n\\tdoi = {10.7208/9780226736785-006},\\n\\tpages = {75--94},\\n}\\n\\n\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Wedeen, L.\"],\"key\":\"wedeen_ethnography_2013\",\"id\":\"wedeen_ethnography_2013\",\"bibbaseid\":\"wedeen-ethnographyasinterpretiveenterprise-2013\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{\"Paper\":\"https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.7208/9780226736785-006/html?lang=en\"},\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"incollection\",\"type\":\"incollection\",\"address\":\"Cambridge\",\"title\":\"Concepts and commitments in the study of democracy\",\"isbn\":\"978-0-521-83174-1\",\"url\":\"https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/problems-and-methods-in-the-study-of-politics/concepts-and-commitments-in-the-study-of-democracy/5ED80377DF141B2DED39F7A4C8B1CD69\",\"abstract\":\"IntroductionThis chapter imagines a conversation among three different communities of scholarship on democracy. One approach, what we might call scientific studies of political economy, tends to explore the relationship between economic development and democracy (or sometimes more broadly, regime type); it uses formal theoretical models combined with statistical ones for empirical testing in an effort to come up with law-like rules or patterns governing political behavior. Another approach, framed by an interpretive, philosophical commitment to understanding the relationship between words and politics, examines the conceptual conundrums and meanings associated with words such as democracy. Still another approach, also termed “interpretive,” investigates the substantive activities undertaken by individuals and/or groups comprising the political order – the everyday practices and systems of signification associated with democracy in particular places. Each is dedicated to solving problems of abiding relevance to empirical politics, and each employs one or more methods to do so. Yet the kinds of questions, the terms of debate, the definition of democracy, the importance of science, the role methods play, and the underlying epistemological commitments animating each differ in critical and recognizable ways. This chapter considers the questions that are enabled or foreclosed in opting for one approach over the other. It asks: what are the scholarly and political stakes involved in thinking about democracy in ways that emphasize scientific methods or that tackle long-standing theoretical confusions?\",\"urldate\":\"2024-08-08\",\"booktitle\":\"Problems and Methods in the Study of Politics\",\"publisher\":\"Cambridge University Press\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Wedeen\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Lisa\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"editor\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Shapiro\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Ian\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Smith\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Rogers\",\"M.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Masoud\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Tarek\",\"E.\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"year\":\"2004\",\"doi\":\"10.1017/CBO9780511492174.013\",\"pages\":\"274–306\",\"bibtex\":\"@incollection{shapiro_concepts_2004,\\n\\taddress = {Cambridge},\\n\\ttitle = {Concepts and commitments in the study of democracy},\\n\\tisbn = {978-0-521-83174-1},\\n\\turl = {https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/problems-and-methods-in-the-study-of-politics/concepts-and-commitments-in-the-study-of-democracy/5ED80377DF141B2DED39F7A4C8B1CD69},\\n\\tabstract = {IntroductionThis chapter imagines a conversation among three different communities of scholarship on democracy. One approach, what we might call scientific studies of political economy, tends to explore the relationship between economic development and democracy (or sometimes more broadly, regime type); it uses formal theoretical models combined with statistical ones for empirical testing in an effort to come up with law-like rules or patterns governing political behavior. Another approach, framed by an interpretive, philosophical commitment to understanding the relationship between words and politics, examines the conceptual conundrums and meanings associated with words such as democracy. Still another approach, also termed “interpretive,” investigates the substantive activities undertaken by individuals and/or groups comprising the political order – the everyday practices and systems of signification associated with democracy in particular places. Each is dedicated to solving problems of abiding relevance to empirical politics, and each employs one or more methods to do so. Yet the kinds of questions, the terms of debate, the definition of democracy, the importance of science, the role methods play, and the underlying epistemological commitments animating each differ in critical and recognizable ways. This chapter considers the questions that are enabled or foreclosed in opting for one approach over the other. It asks: what are the scholarly and political stakes involved in thinking about democracy in ways that emphasize scientific methods or that tackle long-standing theoretical confusions?},\\n\\turldate = {2024-08-08},\\n\\tbooktitle = {Problems and {Methods} in the {Study} of {Politics}},\\n\\tpublisher = {Cambridge University Press},\\n\\tauthor = {Wedeen, Lisa},\\n\\teditor = {Shapiro, Ian and Smith, Rogers M. and Masoud, Tarek E.},\\n\\tyear = {2004},\\n\\tdoi = {10.1017/CBO9780511492174.013},\\n\\tpages = {274--306},\\n}\\n\\n\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Wedeen, L.\"],\"editor_short\":[\"Shapiro, I.\",\"Smith, R. M.\",\"Masoud, T. E.\"],\"key\":\"shapiro_concepts_2004\",\"id\":\"shapiro_concepts_2004\",\"bibbaseid\":\"wedeen-conceptsandcommitmentsinthestudyofdemocracy-2004\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{\"Paper\":\"https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/problems-and-methods-in-the-study-of-politics/concepts-and-commitments-in-the-study-of-democracy/5ED80377DF141B2DED39F7A4C8B1CD69\"},\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"article\",\"type\":\"article\",\"title\":\"Ideology and Humor in Dark Times: Notes from Syria\",\"volume\":\"39\",\"issn\":\"0093-1896\",\"shorttitle\":\"Ideology and Humor in Dark Times\",\"url\":\"https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.1086/671358\",\"doi\":\"10.1086/671358\",\"number\":\"4\",\"urldate\":\"2024-08-08\",\"journal\":\"Critical Inquiry\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Wedeen\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Lisa\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"year\":\"2013\",\"note\":\"Publisher: The University of Chicago Press\",\"pages\":\"841–873\",\"bibtex\":\"@article{wedeen_ideology_2013,\\n\\ttitle = {Ideology and {Humor} in {Dark} {Times}: {Notes} from {Syria}},\\n\\tvolume = {39},\\n\\tissn = {0093-1896},\\n\\tshorttitle = {Ideology and {Humor} in {Dark} {Times}},\\n\\turl = {https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.1086/671358},\\n\\tdoi = {10.1086/671358},\\n\\tnumber = {4},\\n\\turldate = {2024-08-08},\\n\\tjournal = {Critical Inquiry},\\n\\tauthor = {Wedeen, Lisa},\\n\\tyear = {2013},\\n\\tnote = {Publisher: The University of Chicago Press},\\n\\tpages = {841--873},\\n}\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Wedeen, L.\"],\"key\":\"wedeen_ideology_2013\",\"id\":\"wedeen_ideology_2013\",\"bibbaseid\":\"wedeen-ideologyandhumorindarktimesnotesfromsyria-2013\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{\"Paper\":\"https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.1086/671358\"},\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"book\",\"type\":\"book\",\"address\":\"Cambridge\",\"title\":\"Faith in Moderation: Islamist Parties in Jordan and Yemen\",\"isbn\":\"978-0-521-85113-8\",\"shorttitle\":\"Faith in Moderation\",\"url\":\"https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/faith-in-moderation/CEEB41411963D1A4C824288D16421FFE\",\"abstract\":\"Does political inclusion produce ideological moderation? Schwedler argues that examining political behaviour alone provides insufficient evidence of moderation because it leaves open the possibility that political actors might act as if they are moderate while harbouring radical agendas. Through a comparative study of the Islamic Action Front party in Jordan and the Islah party in Yemen, she argues that the IAF in Jordan has become more moderate through participation in pluralist political processes, while the Islah party has not. The variation is explained in part by internal group organization and decision-making processes, but particularly by the ways in which the IAF has been able to justify its new pluralist practices on Islamic terms while the Islah party has not. Based on nearly four years of field research in Jordan and Yemen, Schwedler contributes both an important theory of ideological moderation and detail about these powerful Islamist political parties.\",\"urldate\":\"2024-08-08\",\"publisher\":\"Cambridge University Press\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Schwedler\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Jillian\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"year\":\"2006\",\"doi\":\"10.1017/CBO9780511550829\",\"bibtex\":\"@book{schwedler_faith_2006,\\n\\taddress = {Cambridge},\\n\\ttitle = {Faith in {Moderation}: {Islamist} {Parties} in {Jordan} and {Yemen}},\\n\\tisbn = {978-0-521-85113-8},\\n\\tshorttitle = {Faith in {Moderation}},\\n\\turl = {https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/faith-in-moderation/CEEB41411963D1A4C824288D16421FFE},\\n\\tabstract = {Does political inclusion produce ideological moderation? Schwedler argues that examining political behaviour alone provides insufficient evidence of moderation because it leaves open the possibility that political actors might act as if they are moderate while harbouring radical agendas. Through a comparative study of the Islamic Action Front party in Jordan and the Islah party in Yemen, she argues that the IAF in Jordan has become more moderate through participation in pluralist political processes, while the Islah party has not. The variation is explained in part by internal group organization and decision-making processes, but particularly by the ways in which the IAF has been able to justify its new pluralist practices on Islamic terms while the Islah party has not. Based on nearly four years of field research in Jordan and Yemen, Schwedler contributes both an important theory of ideological moderation and detail about these powerful Islamist political parties.},\\n\\turldate = {2024-08-08},\\n\\tpublisher = {Cambridge University Press},\\n\\tauthor = {Schwedler, Jillian},\\n\\tyear = {2006},\\n\\tdoi = {10.1017/CBO9780511550829},\\n}\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Schwedler, J.\"],\"key\":\"schwedler_faith_2006\",\"id\":\"schwedler_faith_2006\",\"bibbaseid\":\"schwedler-faithinmoderationislamistpartiesinjordanandyemen-2006\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{\"Paper\":\"https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/faith-in-moderation/CEEB41411963D1A4C824288D16421FFE\"},\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"book\",\"type\":\"book\",\"address\":\"Cambridge\",\"series\":\"Cambridge Studies in Contentious Politics\",\"title\":\"Meaningful Resistance: Market Reforms and the Roots of Social Protest in Latin America\",\"isbn\":\"978-1-107-12485-1\",\"shorttitle\":\"Meaningful Resistance\",\"url\":\"https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/meaningful-resistance/1EF6C2A27CA6CAAB258B2CA4D1631A3A\",\"abstract\":\"Meaningful Resistance explores the origins and dynamics of resistance to markets through an examination of two social movements that emerged to voice and channel opposition to market reforms. Protests against water privatization in Cochabamba, Bolivia, and rising corn prices in Mexico City, Mexico, offer a lens to analyze the mechanisms by which perceived, market-driven threats to material livelihood can prompt resistance. By exploring connections among marketization, local practices, and political protest, the book shows how the material and the ideational are inextricably linked in resistance to subsistence threats. When people perceive that markets have put subsistence at risk, material and symbolic worlds are both at stake; citizens take to the streets not only to defend their pocketbooks, but also their conceptions of community. The book advances contemporary scholarship by showing how attention to grievances in general, and subsistence resources in particular, can add explanatory leverage to analyses of contentious politics.\",\"urldate\":\"2024-08-08\",\"publisher\":\"Cambridge University Press\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Simmons\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Erica\",\"S.\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"year\":\"2016\",\"doi\":\"10.1017/9781316417645\",\"bibtex\":\"@book{simmons_meaningful_2016,\\n\\taddress = {Cambridge},\\n\\tseries = {Cambridge {Studies} in {Contentious} {Politics}},\\n\\ttitle = {Meaningful {Resistance}: {Market} {Reforms} and the {Roots} of {Social} {Protest} in {Latin} {America}},\\n\\tisbn = {978-1-107-12485-1},\\n\\tshorttitle = {Meaningful {Resistance}},\\n\\turl = {https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/meaningful-resistance/1EF6C2A27CA6CAAB258B2CA4D1631A3A},\\n\\tabstract = {Meaningful Resistance explores the origins and dynamics of resistance to markets through an examination of two social movements that emerged to voice and channel opposition to market reforms. Protests against water privatization in Cochabamba, Bolivia, and rising corn prices in Mexico City, Mexico, offer a lens to analyze the mechanisms by which perceived, market-driven threats to material livelihood can prompt resistance. By exploring connections among marketization, local practices, and political protest, the book shows how the material and the ideational are inextricably linked in resistance to subsistence threats. When people perceive that markets have put subsistence at risk, material and symbolic worlds are both at stake; citizens take to the streets not only to defend their pocketbooks, but also their conceptions of community. The book advances contemporary scholarship by showing how attention to grievances in general, and subsistence resources in particular, can add explanatory leverage to analyses of contentious politics.},\\n\\turldate = {2024-08-08},\\n\\tpublisher = {Cambridge University Press},\\n\\tauthor = {Simmons, Erica S.},\\n\\tyear = {2016},\\n\\tdoi = {10.1017/9781316417645},\\n}\\n\\n\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Simmons, E. S.\"],\"key\":\"simmons_meaningful_2016\",\"id\":\"simmons_meaningful_2016\",\"bibbaseid\":\"simmons-meaningfulresistancemarketreformsandtherootsofsocialprotestinlatinamerica-2016\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{\"Paper\":\"https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/meaningful-resistance/1EF6C2A27CA6CAAB258B2CA4D1631A3A\"},\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"book\",\"type\":\"book\",\"address\":\"Stanford\",\"title\":\"Protesting Jordan: Geographies of Power and Dissent\",\"isbn\":\"978-1-5036-3037-6\",\"shorttitle\":\"Protesting Jordan\",\"abstract\":\"A National Endowment for Democracy Notable Book of 2022Protest has been a key method of political claim-making in Jordan from the late Ottoman period to the present day. More than moments of rupture within normal-time politics, protests have been central to challenging state power, as well as reproducing it—and the spatial dynamics of protests play a central role in the construction of both state and society. With this book, Jillian Schwedler considers how space and geography influence protests and repression, and, in challenging conventional narratives of Hashemite state-making, offers the first in-depth study of rebellion in Jordan.Based on twenty-five years of field research, Protesting Jordan examines protests as they are situated in the built environment, bringing together considerations of networks, spatial imaginaries, space and place-making, and political geographies at local, national, regional, and global scales. Schwedler considers the impact of time and temporality in the lifecycles of individual movements. Through a mixed interpretive methodology, this book illuminates the geographies of power and dissent and the spatial practices of protest and repression, highlighting the political stakes of competing narratives about Jordan's past, present, and future.\",\"publisher\":\"Stanford University Press\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Schwedler\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Jillian\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"year\":\"2022\",\"keywords\":\"Middle East Studies, Politics – Comparative Politics, Politics – Democracy\",\"bibtex\":\"@book{schwedler_protesting_2022,\\n\\taddress = {Stanford},\\n\\ttitle = {Protesting {Jordan}: {Geographies} of {Power} and {Dissent}},\\n\\tisbn = {978-1-5036-3037-6},\\n\\tshorttitle = {Protesting {Jordan}},\\n\\tabstract = {A National Endowment for Democracy Notable Book of 2022Protest has been a key method of political claim-making in Jordan from the late Ottoman period to the present day. More than moments of rupture within normal-time politics, protests have been central to challenging state power, as well as reproducing it—and the spatial dynamics of protests play a central role in the construction of both state and society. With this book, Jillian Schwedler considers how space and geography influence protests and repression, and, in challenging conventional narratives of Hashemite state-making, offers the first in-depth study of rebellion in Jordan.Based on twenty-five years of field research, Protesting Jordan examines protests as they are situated in the built environment, bringing together considerations of networks, spatial imaginaries, space and place-making, and political geographies at local, national, regional, and global scales. Schwedler considers the impact of time and temporality in the lifecycles of individual movements. Through a mixed interpretive methodology, this book illuminates the geographies of power and dissent and the spatial practices of protest and repression, highlighting the political stakes of competing narratives about Jordan's past, present, and future.},\\n\\tpublisher = {Stanford University Press},\\n\\tauthor = {Schwedler, Jillian},\\n\\tyear = {2022},\\n\\tkeywords = {Middle East Studies, Politics -- Comparative Politics, Politics -- Democracy},\\n}\\n\\n\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Schwedler, J.\"],\"key\":\"schwedler_protesting_2022\",\"id\":\"schwedler_protesting_2022\",\"bibbaseid\":\"schwedler-protestingjordangeographiesofpoweranddissent-2022\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{},\"keyword\":[\"Middle East Studies\",\"Politics – Comparative Politics\",\"Politics – Democracy\"],\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"article\",\"type\":\"article\",\"title\":\"“Reading” “ Methods” “Texts”: How Research Methods Texts Construct Political Science\",\"volume\":\"55\",\"issn\":\"1065-9129\",\"shorttitle\":\"“Reading” “ Methods” “Texts”\",\"url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1177/106591290205500209\",\"doi\":\"10.1177/106591290205500209\",\"abstract\":\"This article reports on an interpretive content analysis of fourteen research methods texts. We read them as a genre—exploring their structural and rhetorical features—to address two questions: To what extent do research methods texts reflect the breadth of methods used in political science and its fields? To what extent do they reflect contemporary ferment concerning questions of social reality and its “knowability?” These questions are intertwined with each other—epistemological positions on what counts as “science” affect the methods presented—and with the misleading distinction between “quantitative” and “qualitative” methods. Although these texts vary considerably in the degree to which they engage epistemologcal issues. all fourteen texts explicitly endorsed or implicitly assumed positivist definitions of science, which can be seen in their treatments of “qualitative” methods issues. Interpretive methods of data access and analysis are almost entirely “disappeared,” and positivist qualitative methods of data access receive treatment that ranges from poor to excellent. This textual consensus on positivism as the mode of scientific research in political science has implications for professional practice in four areas: the possibility of field-neutral methods texts, student research agendas, disciplinary meanings associated with “method” and “methodology,” and researchers' professional identity as political scientists.\",\"language\":\"en\",\"number\":\"2\",\"urldate\":\"2024-08-08\",\"journal\":\"Political Research Quarterly\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Schwartz-Shea\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Peregrine\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Yanow\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Dvora\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"month\":\"June\",\"year\":\"2002\",\"note\":\"Publisher: SAGE Publications Inc\",\"pages\":\"457–486\",\"bibtex\":\"@article{schwartz-shea_reading_2002,\\n\\ttitle = {“{Reading}” “ {Methods}” “{Texts}”: {How} {Research} {Methods} {Texts} {Construct} {Political} {Science}},\\n\\tvolume = {55},\\n\\tissn = {1065-9129},\\n\\tshorttitle = {“{Reading}” “ {Methods}” “{Texts}”},\\n\\turl = {https://doi.org/10.1177/106591290205500209},\\n\\tdoi = {10.1177/106591290205500209},\\n\\tabstract = {This article reports on an interpretive content analysis of fourteen research methods texts. We read them as a genre—exploring their structural and rhetorical features—to address two questions: To what extent do research methods texts reflect the breadth of methods used in political science and its fields? To what extent do they reflect contemporary ferment concerning questions of social reality and its “knowability?” These questions are intertwined with each other—epistemological positions on what counts as “science” affect the methods presented—and with the misleading distinction between “quantitative” and “qualitative” methods. Although these texts vary considerably in the degree to which they engage epistemologcal issues. all fourteen texts explicitly endorsed or implicitly assumed positivist definitions of science, which can be seen in their treatments of “qualitative” methods issues. Interpretive methods of data access and analysis are almost entirely “disappeared,” and positivist qualitative methods of data access receive treatment that ranges from poor to excellent. This textual consensus on positivism as the mode of scientific research in political science has implications for professional practice in four areas: the possibility of field-neutral methods texts, student research agendas, disciplinary meanings associated with “method” and “methodology,” and researchers' professional identity as political scientists.},\\n\\tlanguage = {en},\\n\\tnumber = {2},\\n\\turldate = {2024-08-08},\\n\\tjournal = {Political Research Quarterly},\\n\\tauthor = {Schwartz-Shea, Peregrine and Yanow, Dvora},\\n\\tmonth = jun,\\n\\tyear = {2002},\\n\\tnote = {Publisher: SAGE Publications Inc},\\n\\tpages = {457--486},\\n}\\n\\n\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Schwartz-Shea, P.\",\"Yanow, D.\"],\"key\":\"schwartz-shea_reading_2002\",\"id\":\"schwartz-shea_reading_2002\",\"bibbaseid\":\"schwartzshea-yanow-readingmethodstextshowresearchmethodstextsconstructpoliticalscience-2002\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{\"Paper\":\"https://doi.org/10.1177/106591290205500209\"},\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"article\",\"type\":\"article\",\"title\":\"Shouts and Murmurs: The Ethnographer’s Potion\",\"volume\":\"7\",\"number\":\"2\",\"journal\":\"Qualitative & Multi-Method Research\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Pachirat\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Timothy\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"year\":\"2009\",\"pages\":\"41–44\",\"bibtex\":\"@article{pachirat_shouts_2009,\\n\\ttitle = {Shouts and {Murmurs}: {The} {Ethnographer}’s {Potion}},\\n\\tvolume = {7},\\n\\tnumber = {2},\\n\\tjournal = {Qualitative \\\\& Multi-Method Research},\\n\\tauthor = {Pachirat, Timothy},\\n\\tyear = {2009},\\n\\tpages = {41--44},\\n}\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Pachirat, T.\"],\"key\":\"pachirat_shouts_2009\",\"id\":\"pachirat_shouts_2009\",\"bibbaseid\":\"pachirat-shoutsandmurmurstheethnographerspotion-2009\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{},\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"book\",\"type\":\"book\",\"address\":\"New Haven\",\"edition\":\"First Edition\",\"title\":\"Perestroika!: The Raucous Rebellion in Political Science\",\"isbn\":\"978-0-300-09981-2\",\"shorttitle\":\"Perestroika!\",\"abstract\":\"An examination of the movement that has turned the discipline of political science upside down This superb volume describes the events and ramifications of a revolt within the political science discipline that began in 2000 with a disgruntled e-mail message signed by one “Mr. Perestroika.” The message went to seventeen recipients who quickly forwarded it to others, and soon the Perestroika revolt became a major movement calling for change in the American political science community.What is the Perestroika movement? Why did it occur? What has it accomplished? What remains to be done? Most important, what does it tell us about the nature of political science, about methodological pluralism and diversity, about the process of publishing scholarly work, and about graduate education in the field? The contributors to the book—thoughtful political scientists who offer a variety of perspectives—set the Perestroika movement in historical and comparative contexts. They address many topics related to heart of the debate—a desire for tolerance of methodological diversity—and assess the changes that have come in the wake of Perestroika. For political scientists and their graduate students, and for those interested in the history or sociology of social sciences, this volume is essential reading.\",\"language\":\"English\",\"publisher\":\"Yale University Press\",\"editor\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Monroe\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Kristen\",\"Renwick\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"month\":\"September\",\"year\":\"2005\",\"bibtex\":\"@book{monroe_perestroika_2005,\\n\\taddress = {New Haven},\\n\\tedition = {First Edition},\\n\\ttitle = {Perestroika!: {The} {Raucous} {Rebellion} in {Political} {Science}},\\n\\tisbn = {978-0-300-09981-2},\\n\\tshorttitle = {Perestroika!},\\n\\tabstract = {An examination of the movement that has turned the discipline of political science upside down This superb volume describes the events and ramifications of a revolt within the political science discipline that began in 2000 with a disgruntled e-mail message signed by one “Mr. Perestroika.” The message went to seventeen recipients who quickly forwarded it to others, and soon the Perestroika revolt became a major movement calling for change in the American political science community.What is the Perestroika movement? Why did it occur? What has it accomplished? What remains to be done? Most important, what does it tell us about the nature of political science, about methodological pluralism and diversity, about the process of publishing scholarly work, and about graduate education in the field? The contributors to the book—thoughtful political scientists who offer a variety of perspectives—set the Perestroika movement in historical and comparative contexts. They address many topics related to heart of the debate—a desire for tolerance of methodological diversity—and assess the changes that have come in the wake of Perestroika. For political scientists and their graduate students, and for those interested in the history or sociology of social sciences, this volume is essential reading.},\\n\\tlanguage = {English},\\n\\tpublisher = {Yale University Press},\\n\\teditor = {Monroe, Kristen Renwick},\\n\\tmonth = sep,\\n\\tyear = {2005},\\n}\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\",\"editor_short\":[\"Monroe, K. R.\"],\"key\":\"monroe_perestroika_2005\",\"id\":\"monroe_perestroika_2005\",\"bibbaseid\":\"monroe-perestroikatheraucousrebellioninpoliticalscience-2005\",\"role\":\"editor\",\"urls\":{},\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"book\",\"type\":\"book\",\"title\":\"Policing and Prisons in the Middle East: Formations of Coercion\",\"isbn\":\"978-1-84904-058-7\",\"shorttitle\":\"Policing and Prisons in the Middle East\",\"abstract\":\"The emergence of the modern Middle East has been accompanied by a concentration of coercive power in the state. Although the region has encompassed numerous Mukhabarat (secret police) states, extensive policing and carceral regimes, and widespread use of torture and spectacular punishments, and although its prisons and policing practices are regularly condemned by human rights organisations, surprisingly few analyses explore the emergence of these grim institutions. This volume is the first to examine systematically practices of policing and incarceration in the modern Middle East, the emergence of modern policing and prisons and their continued predominance. It offers a useful lens through which the complexity of state power and the contours of popular contentious politics can be read.\",\"language\":\"en\",\"publisher\":\"Hurst Publishers\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Khalili\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Laleh\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Schwedler\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Jillian\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"year\":\"2010\",\"note\":\"Google-Books-ID: 5iLwWWrPmJIC\",\"keywords\":\"Political Science / Law Enforcement, Political Science / Political Freedom, Political Science / World / African, Political Science / World / Middle Eastern, Social Science / General, Social Science / Penology, Social Science / Sociology / General\",\"bibtex\":\"@book{khalili_policing_2010,\\n\\ttitle = {Policing and {Prisons} in the {Middle} {East}: {Formations} of {Coercion}},\\n\\tisbn = {978-1-84904-058-7},\\n\\tshorttitle = {Policing and {Prisons} in the {Middle} {East}},\\n\\tabstract = {The emergence of the modern Middle East has been accompanied by a concentration of coercive power in the state. Although the region has encompassed numerous Mukhabarat (secret police) states, extensive policing and carceral regimes, and widespread use of torture and spectacular punishments, and although its prisons and policing practices are regularly condemned by human rights organisations, surprisingly few analyses explore the emergence of these grim institutions. This volume is the first to examine systematically practices of policing and incarceration in the modern Middle East, the emergence of modern policing and prisons and their continued predominance. It offers a useful lens through which the complexity of state power and the contours of popular contentious politics can be read.},\\n\\tlanguage = {en},\\n\\tpublisher = {Hurst Publishers},\\n\\tauthor = {Khalili, Laleh and Schwedler, Jillian},\\n\\tyear = {2010},\\n\\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: 5iLwWWrPmJIC},\\n\\tkeywords = {Political Science / Law Enforcement, Political Science / Political Freedom, Political Science / World / African, Political Science / World / Middle Eastern, Social Science / General, Social Science / Penology, Social Science / Sociology / General},\\n}\\n\\n\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Khalili, L.\",\"Schwedler, J.\"],\"key\":\"khalili_policing_2010\",\"id\":\"khalili_policing_2010\",\"bibbaseid\":\"khalili-schwedler-policingandprisonsinthemiddleeastformationsofcoercion-2010\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{},\"keyword\":[\"Political Science / Law Enforcement\",\"Political Science / Political Freedom\",\"Political Science / World / African\",\"Political Science / World / Middle Eastern\",\"Social Science / General\",\"Social Science / Penology\",\"Social Science / Sociology / General\"],\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"article\",\"type\":\"article\",\"title\":\"The dangers of interpretation: C.A.W. Manning and the “going concern” of international society\",\"volume\":\"16\",\"issn\":\"1755-0882\",\"shorttitle\":\"The dangers of interpretation\",\"url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1177/1755088220905333\",\"doi\":\"10.1177/1755088220905333\",\"abstract\":\"C. A. W. Manning was an important figure in the early days of what became known as the English School, and was one of the most philosophically explicit articulators of the interpretivist approach that informed that branch of scholarship. He was also a defender of the apartheid system of his native South Africa. A close examination of his work reveals both the promises and the pitfalls of a methodologically interpretive approach to explanation. An interpretive explanation involves developing the capacity in the listener to “go on” appropriately, and this makes criticizing the rules of the game somewhat difficult, but not impossible. A clearer understanding of what an interpretive explanation is may very well help us to avoid the pitfalls illustrated by Manning’s advocacy, which I argue is made possible by a category confusion that remains very much with us: a confusion between delineating the rules of a given domain, and actively advocating or defending those principles.\",\"language\":\"en\",\"number\":\"2\",\"urldate\":\"2024-08-09\",\"journal\":\"Journal of International Political Theory\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Jackson\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Patrick\",\"Thaddeus\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"month\":\"June\",\"year\":\"2020\",\"note\":\"Publisher: SAGE Publications\",\"pages\":\"133–152\",\"bibtex\":\"@article{jackson_dangers_2020,\\n\\ttitle = {The dangers of interpretation: {C}.{A}.{W}. {Manning} and the “going concern” of international society},\\n\\tvolume = {16},\\n\\tissn = {1755-0882},\\n\\tshorttitle = {The dangers of interpretation},\\n\\turl = {https://doi.org/10.1177/1755088220905333},\\n\\tdoi = {10.1177/1755088220905333},\\n\\tabstract = {C. A. W. Manning was an important figure in the early days of what became known as the English School, and was one of the most philosophically explicit articulators of the interpretivist approach that informed that branch of scholarship. He was also a defender of the apartheid system of his native South Africa. A close examination of his work reveals both the promises and the pitfalls of a methodologically interpretive approach to explanation. An interpretive explanation involves developing the capacity in the listener to “go on” appropriately, and this makes criticizing the rules of the game somewhat difficult, but not impossible. A clearer understanding of what an interpretive explanation is may very well help us to avoid the pitfalls illustrated by Manning’s advocacy, which I argue is made possible by a category confusion that remains very much with us: a confusion between delineating the rules of a given domain, and actively advocating or defending those principles.},\\n\\tlanguage = {en},\\n\\tnumber = {2},\\n\\turldate = {2024-08-09},\\n\\tjournal = {Journal of International Political Theory},\\n\\tauthor = {Jackson, Patrick Thaddeus},\\n\\tmonth = jun,\\n\\tyear = {2020},\\n\\tnote = {Publisher: SAGE Publications},\\n\\tpages = {133--152},\\n}\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Jackson, P. T.\"],\"key\":\"jackson_dangers_2020\",\"id\":\"jackson_dangers_2020\",\"bibbaseid\":\"jackson-thedangersofinterpretationcawmanningandthegoingconcernofinternationalsociety-2020\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{\"Paper\":\"https://doi.org/10.1177/1755088220905333\"},\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"book\",\"type\":\"book\",\"address\":\"Oxford, New York\",\"title\":\"Practicing Peace: Conflict Management in Southeast Asia and South America\",\"isbn\":\"978-0-19-763322-9\",\"shorttitle\":\"Practicing Peace\",\"url\":\"https://global.oup.com/academic/product/practicing-peace-9780197633229?cc=ch&lang=en&\",\"abstract\":\"Southeast Asia and South America are regions made up of largely illiberal states lacking stabilizing great powers or collective identities. But despite persistent territorial disputes, regime instability, and interstate rivalries, both regions have avoided large-scale war for decades. What accounts for the lack of war in these regions, and importantly, how are conflicts managed? In Practicing Peace, Aarie Glas offers a comparative regional perspective on conflict management and diplomacy in Southeast Asia and South America. Glas finds that regional interstate relations are shaped by particular habitual dispositions—discrete sets of processual and substantive qualities of relations understood and enacted by diplomatic communities of practice. Different habitual dispositions in each case shape conflict management and regionalism in important ways, and lead to a tolerance of limited regional violence. Glas expands on new developments in social International Relations theory to develop a practice-oriented and interpretive account of regional relations and explores the existence of habitual dispositions across crucial cases of regional conflict management, including the Southeast Asian response to the Preah Vihear dispute in 2011 and the South American response to the Cenepa conflict in 1995.Drawing on novel research methods and detailed interviews with regional practitioners, Practicing Peace challenges existing scholarly claims of peace in Southeast Asia and South America. Instead, Glas argues that officials successfully manage pervasive conflict short of war in both regions. He provides an in-depth look into how diplomacy unfolds and peace is practiced within diplomatic communities, from government actors to organizational officials, as they attempt to respond to and resolve territorial disputes. , Southeast Asia and South America are regions made up of largely illiberal states lacking stabilizing great powers or collective identities. But despite persistent territorial disputes, regime instability, and interstate rivalries, both regions have avoided large-scale war for decades. What accounts for the lack of war in these regions, and importantly, how are conflicts managed? In Practicing Peace, Aarie Glas offers a comparative regional perspective on conflict management and diplomacy in Southeast Asia and South America. Glas finds that regional interstate relations are shaped by particular habitual dispositions—discrete sets of processual and substantive qualities of relations understood and enacted by diplomatic communities of practice. Different habitual dispositions in each case shape conflict management and regionalism in important ways, and lead to a tolerance of limited regional violence. Glas expands on new developments in social International Relations theory to develop a practice-oriented and interpretive account of regional relations and explores the existence of habitual dispositions across crucial cases of regional conflict management, including the Southeast Asian response to the Preah Vihear dispute in 2011 and the South American response to the Cenepa conflict in 1995.Drawing on novel research methods and detailed interviews with regional practitioners, Practicing Peace challenges existing scholarly claims of peace in Southeast Asia and South America. Instead, Glas argues that officials successfully manage pervasive conflict short of war in both regions. He provides an in-depth look into how diplomacy unfolds and peace is practiced within diplomatic communities, from government actors to organizational officials, as they attempt to respond to and resolve territorial disputes.\",\"publisher\":\"Oxford University Press\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Glas\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Aarie\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"month\":\"November\",\"year\":\"2022\",\"bibtex\":\"@book{glas_practicing_2022,\\n\\taddress = {Oxford, New York},\\n\\ttitle = {Practicing {Peace}: {Conflict} {Management} in {Southeast} {Asia} and {South} {America}},\\n\\tisbn = {978-0-19-763322-9},\\n\\tshorttitle = {Practicing {Peace}},\\n\\turl = {https://global.oup.com/academic/product/practicing-peace-9780197633229?cc=ch&lang=en&},\\n\\tabstract = {Southeast Asia and South America are regions made up of largely illiberal states lacking stabilizing great powers or collective identities. But despite persistent territorial disputes, regime instability, and interstate rivalries, both regions have avoided large-scale war for decades. What accounts for the lack of war in these regions, and importantly, how are conflicts managed? In Practicing Peace, Aarie Glas offers a comparative regional perspective on conflict management and diplomacy in Southeast Asia and South America. Glas finds that regional interstate relations are shaped by particular habitual dispositions—discrete sets of processual and substantive qualities of relations understood and enacted by diplomatic communities of practice. Different habitual dispositions in each case shape conflict management and regionalism in important ways, and lead to a tolerance of limited regional violence. Glas expands on new developments in social International Relations theory to develop a practice-oriented and interpretive account of regional relations and explores the existence of habitual dispositions across crucial cases of regional conflict management, including the Southeast Asian response to the Preah Vihear dispute in 2011 and the South American response to the Cenepa conflict in 1995.Drawing on novel research methods and detailed interviews with regional practitioners, Practicing Peace challenges existing scholarly claims of peace in Southeast Asia and South America. Instead, Glas argues that officials successfully manage pervasive conflict short of war in both regions. He provides an in-depth look into how diplomacy unfolds and peace is practiced within diplomatic communities, from government actors to organizational officials, as they attempt to respond to and resolve territorial disputes.\\n             \\n             \\n              \\n            ,  \\n             Southeast Asia and South America are regions made up of largely illiberal states lacking stabilizing great powers or collective identities. But despite persistent territorial disputes, regime instability, and interstate rivalries, both regions have avoided large-scale war for decades. What accounts for the lack of war in these regions, and importantly, how are conflicts managed? In Practicing Peace, Aarie Glas offers a comparative regional perspective on conflict management and diplomacy in Southeast Asia and South America. Glas finds that regional interstate relations are shaped by particular habitual dispositions—discrete sets of processual and substantive qualities of relations understood and enacted by diplomatic communities of practice. Different habitual dispositions in each case shape conflict management and regionalism in important ways, and lead to a tolerance of limited regional violence. Glas expands on new developments in social International Relations theory to develop a practice-oriented and interpretive account of regional relations and explores the existence of habitual dispositions across crucial cases of regional conflict management, including the Southeast Asian response to the Preah Vihear dispute in 2011 and the South American response to the Cenepa conflict in 1995.Drawing on novel research methods and detailed interviews with regional practitioners, Practicing Peace challenges existing scholarly claims of peace in Southeast Asia and South America. Instead, Glas argues that officials successfully manage pervasive conflict short of war in both regions. He provides an in-depth look into how diplomacy unfolds and peace is practiced within diplomatic communities, from government actors to organizational officials, as they attempt to respond to and resolve territorial disputes.},\\n\\tpublisher = {Oxford University Press},\\n\\tauthor = {Glas, Aarie},\\n\\tmonth = nov,\\n\\tyear = {2022},\\n}\\n\\n\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Glas, A.\"],\"key\":\"glas_practicing_2022\",\"id\":\"glas_practicing_2022\",\"bibbaseid\":\"glas-practicingpeaceconflictmanagementinsoutheastasiaandsouthamerica-2022\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{\"Paper\":\"https://global.oup.com/academic/product/practicing-peace-9780197633229?cc=ch&lang=en&\"},\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"article\",\"type\":\"article\",\"title\":\"\\\"From the Native's Point of View\\\": On the Nature of Anthropological Understanding\",\"volume\":\"28\",\"issn\":\"0002-712X\",\"shorttitle\":\"\\\"From the Native's Point of View\\\"\",\"url\":\"https://www.jstor.org/stable/3822971\",\"doi\":\"10.2307/3822971\",\"abstract\":\"At the Annual Meeting in May 1974, the American Academy awarded its first Social Science Prize to Clifford Geertz for his significant contributions to social anthropology. Mr. Geertz has taught at Harvard University, the University of California at Berkeley, and the University of Chicago; in 1970 he became the first Professor of the Social Sciences at the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton. Mr. Geertz' research has centered on the changing religious attitudes and habits of life of the Islamic peoples of Morocco and Indonesia; he is the author of Peddlers and Princes: Social Changes and Economic Modernization in Two Indonesian Towns (1963), The Social History of an Indonesian Town (1965), Islam Observed: Religious Developments in Morocco and Indonesia (1968), and a recent collection of essays, The Interpretation of Cultures (1973). In nominating Mr. Geertz for the award, the Academy's Social Science Prize Committee observed, \\\"each of these volumes is an important contribution in its own right; together they form an unrivaled corpus in modern social anthropology and social sciences.\\\" Following the presentation ceremony, Mr. Geertz delivered the following communication before Academy Fellows and their guests.\",\"number\":\"1\",\"urldate\":\"2024-08-08\",\"journal\":\"Bulletin of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Geertz\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Clifford\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"year\":\"1974\",\"note\":\"Publisher: American Academy of Arts & Sciences\",\"pages\":\"26–45\",\"bibtex\":\"@article{geertz_natives_1974,\\n\\ttitle = {\\\"{From} the {Native}'s {Point} of {View}\\\": {On} the {Nature} of {Anthropological} {Understanding}},\\n\\tvolume = {28},\\n\\tissn = {0002-712X},\\n\\tshorttitle = {\\\"{From} the {Native}'s {Point} of {View}\\\"},\\n\\turl = {https://www.jstor.org/stable/3822971},\\n\\tdoi = {10.2307/3822971},\\n\\tabstract = {At the Annual Meeting in May 1974, the American Academy awarded its first Social Science Prize to Clifford Geertz for his significant contributions to social anthropology. Mr. Geertz has taught at Harvard University, the University of California at Berkeley, and the University of Chicago; in 1970 he became the first Professor of the Social Sciences at the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton. Mr. Geertz' research has centered on the changing religious attitudes and habits of life of the Islamic peoples of Morocco and Indonesia; he is the author of Peddlers and Princes: Social Changes and Economic Modernization in Two Indonesian Towns (1963), The Social History of an Indonesian Town (1965), Islam Observed: Religious Developments in Morocco and Indonesia (1968), and a recent collection of essays, The Interpretation of Cultures (1973). In nominating Mr. Geertz for the award, the Academy's Social Science Prize Committee observed, \\\"each of these volumes is an important contribution in its own right; together they form an unrivaled corpus in modern social anthropology and social sciences.\\\" Following the presentation ceremony, Mr. Geertz delivered the following communication before Academy Fellows and their guests.},\\n\\tnumber = {1},\\n\\turldate = {2024-08-08},\\n\\tjournal = {Bulletin of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences},\\n\\tauthor = {Geertz, Clifford},\\n\\tyear = {1974},\\n\\tnote = {Publisher: American Academy of Arts \\\\& Sciences},\\n\\tpages = {26--45},\\n}\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Geertz, C.\"],\"key\":\"geertz_natives_1974\",\"id\":\"geertz_natives_1974\",\"bibbaseid\":\"geertz-fromthenativespointofviewonthenatureofanthropologicalunderstanding-1974\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{\"Paper\":\"https://www.jstor.org/stable/3822971\"},\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"book\",\"type\":\"book\",\"title\":\"Sister Style: The Politics of Appearance for Black Women Political Elites\",\"isbn\":\"978-0-19-754057-2\",\"shorttitle\":\"Sister Style\",\"url\":\"https://academic.oup.com/book/39392\",\"abstract\":\"They don't think I'm viable, because I'm a Black woman with natural hair and no husband. This comment was made by Stacey Abrams shortly before the 2018 Democratic primary after she became the first Black woman to win a majory party's nomination for governor. Abrams' sentiment reflects thewider environment for Black women in politics, in which racist and sexist cultural ideas have long led Black women to be demeaned and fetishized for their physical appearance. In Sister Style, Nadia E. Brown and Danielle Casarez Lemi argue that Black women's political experience and the way that voters evaluate them is shaped overtly by their skin tone and hair texture, with hair being a particular point of scrutiny. They ask what the politics of appearance for Blackwomen mean for Black women politicians and Black voters, and how expectations about self-presentation differ for Black women versus Black men, White men, and White women. Black women running for office face pressure, often from campaign consultants and even close colleagues, to change their style inorder to look more like White women. However, as this book shows, Black women candidates and elected officials react differently to these pressures depending on factors like age and incumbency. Moreover, Brown and Lemi delve into the ways in which Black voters react to Black female candidates basedon appearance. They base their argument, in part, on focus groups with Black women candidates and elected officials, and show that there are generational differences that determine what sorts of styles Black women choose to adopt and to what extent they change their physical appearance based onexternal expectations.\",\"language\":\"en\",\"publisher\":\"Oxford University Press\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Brown\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Nadia\",\"E.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Lemi\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Danielle\",\"Casarez\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"year\":\"2021\",\"note\":\"Google-Books-ID: vvYTEAAAQBAJ\",\"keywords\":\"Political Science / Comparative Politics, Social Science / Gender Studies, Social Science / Women's Studies\",\"bibtex\":\"@book{brown_sister_2021,\\n\\ttitle = {Sister {Style}: {The} {Politics} of {Appearance} for {Black} {Women} {Political} {Elites}},\\n\\tisbn = {978-0-19-754057-2},\\n\\tshorttitle = {Sister {Style}},\\n\\turl = {https://academic.oup.com/book/39392},\\n\\tabstract = {They don't think I'm viable, because I'm a Black woman with natural hair and no husband. This comment was made by Stacey Abrams shortly before the 2018 Democratic primary after she became the first Black woman to win a majory party's nomination for governor. Abrams' sentiment reflects thewider environment for Black women in politics, in which racist and sexist cultural ideas have long led Black women to be demeaned and fetishized for their physical appearance. In Sister Style, Nadia E. Brown and Danielle Casarez Lemi argue that Black women's political experience and the way that voters evaluate them is shaped overtly by their skin tone and hair texture, with hair being a particular point of scrutiny. They ask what the politics of appearance for Blackwomen mean for Black women politicians and Black voters, and how expectations about self-presentation differ for Black women versus Black men, White men, and White women. Black women running for office face pressure, often from campaign consultants and even close colleagues, to change their style inorder to look more like White women. However, as this book shows, Black women candidates and elected officials react differently to these pressures depending on factors like age and incumbency. Moreover, Brown and Lemi delve into the ways in which Black voters react to Black female candidates basedon appearance. They base their argument, in part, on focus groups with Black women candidates and elected officials, and show that there are generational differences that determine what sorts of styles Black women choose to adopt and to what extent they change their physical appearance based onexternal expectations.},\\n\\tlanguage = {en},\\n\\tpublisher = {Oxford University Press},\\n\\tauthor = {Brown, Nadia E. and Lemi, Danielle Casarez},\\n\\tyear = {2021},\\n\\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: vvYTEAAAQBAJ},\\n\\tkeywords = {Political Science / Comparative Politics, Social Science / Gender Studies, Social Science / Women's Studies},\\n}\\n\\n\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Brown, N. E.\",\"Lemi, D. C.\"],\"key\":\"brown_sister_2021\",\"id\":\"brown_sister_2021\",\"bibbaseid\":\"brown-lemi-sisterstylethepoliticsofappearanceforblackwomenpoliticalelites-2021\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{\"Paper\":\"https://academic.oup.com/book/39392\"},\"keyword\":[\"Political Science / Comparative Politics\",\"Social Science / Gender Studies\",\"Social Science / Women's Studies\"],\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"book\",\"type\":\"book\",\"title\":\"Sisters in the Statehouse: Black Women and Legislative Decision Making\",\"isbn\":\"978-0-19-935243-2\",\"shorttitle\":\"Sisters in the Statehouse\",\"url\":\"https://academic.oup.com/book/2024\",\"abstract\":\"Theories of descriptive representation among female legislators consistently document the ways in which women are marginalized in office. However, they tend to treat identity as constant over time and context and so fail to account for the substantive work of legislators. Sisters in the Statehouse looks at the situation from a different angle, taking an in-depth look at African American female state legislators to examine the impact of race and gender on Black women's political experiences, policy preferences, and legislative influence. Brown links personal narratives to the political behavior of her interview subjects to understand how their experiences with racism and sexism have influenced their legislative decision-making and policy preferences. As such, this is the first study that empirically examines how difference is recognized and put into practice among Black women legislators. Brown demonstrates that identity influences political decision making in ways that distinguish the work of Black women from that of other state legislators. Sisters in the Statehouse is a groundbreaking inquiry into how an intersectional approach can enhance our understanding of political representation.\",\"language\":\"en\",\"publisher\":\"Oxford University Press\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Brown\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Nadia\",\"E.\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"year\":\"2014\",\"note\":\"Google-Books-ID: 9M7QAgAAQBAJ\",\"keywords\":\"POLITICAL SCIENCE / Political Process / General, POLITICAL SCIENCE / Public Affairs & Administration, Political Science / Comparative Politics, Political Science / General, Political Science / Women in Politics, Social Science / Discrimination, Social Science / Ethnic Studies / American / African American & Black Studies, Social Science / Women's Studies\",\"bibtex\":\"@book{brown_sisters_2014,\\n\\ttitle = {Sisters in the {Statehouse}: {Black} {Women} and {Legislative} {Decision} {Making}},\\n\\tisbn = {978-0-19-935243-2},\\n\\tshorttitle = {Sisters in the {Statehouse}},\\n\\turl = {https://academic.oup.com/book/2024},\\n\\tabstract = {Theories of descriptive representation among female legislators consistently document the ways in which women are marginalized in office. However, they tend to treat identity as constant over time and context and so fail to account for the substantive work of legislators. Sisters in the Statehouse looks at the situation from a different angle, taking an in-depth look at African American female state legislators to examine the impact of race and gender on Black women's political experiences, policy preferences, and legislative influence. Brown links personal narratives to the political behavior of her interview subjects to understand how their experiences with racism and sexism have influenced their legislative decision-making and policy preferences. As such, this is the first study that empirically examines how difference is recognized and put into practice among Black women legislators. Brown demonstrates that identity influences political decision making in ways that distinguish the work of Black women from that of other state legislators. Sisters in the Statehouse is a groundbreaking inquiry into how an intersectional approach can enhance our understanding of political representation.},\\n\\tlanguage = {en},\\n\\tpublisher = {Oxford University Press},\\n\\tauthor = {Brown, Nadia E.},\\n\\tyear = {2014},\\n\\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: 9M7QAgAAQBAJ},\\n\\tkeywords = {POLITICAL SCIENCE / Political Process / General, POLITICAL SCIENCE / Public Affairs \\\\& Administration, Political Science / Comparative Politics, Political Science / General, Political Science / Women in Politics, Social Science / Discrimination, Social Science / Ethnic Studies / American / African American \\\\& Black Studies, Social Science / Women's Studies},\\n}\\n\\n\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Brown, N. E.\"],\"key\":\"brown_sisters_2014\",\"id\":\"brown_sisters_2014\",\"bibbaseid\":\"brown-sistersinthestatehouseblackwomenandlegislativedecisionmaking-2014\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{\"Paper\":\"https://academic.oup.com/book/2024\"},\"keyword\":[\"POLITICAL SCIENCE / Political Process / General\",\"POLITICAL SCIENCE / Public Affairs & Administration\",\"Political Science / Comparative Politics\",\"Political Science / General\",\"Political Science / Women in Politics\",\"Social Science / Discrimination\",\"Social Science / Ethnic Studies / American / African American & Black Studies\",\"Social Science / Women's Studies\"],\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"book\",\"type\":\"book\",\"address\":\"London\",\"title\":\"The Politics of Protest: Readings on the Black Lives Matter Movement\",\"isbn\":\"978-1-00-311972-2\",\"shorttitle\":\"The Politics of Protest\",\"abstract\":\"This collection provides a deep engagement with the political implication of Black Lives Matter. This book covers a broad range of topics using a variety of methods and epistemological approaches. In the twenty-first century, the killings of Black Americans have sparked a movement to end the brutality against Black bodies. In 2013, #BlackLivesMatter would become a movement-building project led by Alicia Garza, Patrisse Cullors, and Opal Tometi. This movement began after the acquittal of George Zimmerman, who murdered 17-year-old Trayvon Martin. The movement has continued to fight for racial justice and has experienced a resurgence following the 2020 slayings of Ahmaud Arbery, George Floyd, Breonna Taylor, Sean Reed, Tony McDade, and David McAtee among others. The continued protests raise questions about how we can end this vicious cycle and lead Blacks to a state of normalcy in the United States. In other words, how can we make any advances made by Black Lives Matter stick? The chapters in this book were originally published in the journal Politics, Groups, and Identities.\",\"publisher\":\"Routledge\",\"editor\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Brown\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Nadia\",\"E.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Jr\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Ray\",\"Block\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Stout\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Christopher\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"month\":\"December\",\"year\":\"2020\",\"doi\":\"10.4324/9781003119722\",\"bibtex\":\"@book{brown_politics_2020,\\n\\taddress = {London},\\n\\ttitle = {The {Politics} of {Protest}: {Readings} on the {Black} {Lives} {Matter} {Movement}},\\n\\tisbn = {978-1-00-311972-2},\\n\\tshorttitle = {The {Politics} of {Protest}},\\n\\tabstract = {This collection provides a deep engagement with the political implication of Black Lives Matter. This book covers a broad range of topics using a variety of methods and epistemological approaches.\\nIn the twenty-first century, the killings of Black Americans have sparked a movement to end the brutality against Black bodies. In 2013, \\\\#BlackLivesMatter would become a movement-building project led by Alicia Garza, Patrisse Cullors, and Opal Tometi. This movement began after the acquittal of George Zimmerman, who murdered 17-year-old Trayvon Martin. The movement has continued to fight for racial justice and has experienced a resurgence following the 2020 slayings of Ahmaud Arbery, George Floyd, Breonna Taylor, Sean Reed, Tony McDade, and David McAtee among others. The continued protests raise questions about how we can end this vicious cycle and lead Blacks to a state of normalcy in the United States. In other words, how can we make any advances made by Black Lives Matter stick?\\nThe chapters in this book were originally published in the journal Politics, Groups, and Identities.},\\n\\tpublisher = {Routledge},\\n\\teditor = {Brown, Nadia E. and Jr, Ray Block and Stout, Christopher},\\n\\tmonth = dec,\\n\\tyear = {2020},\\n\\tdoi = {10.4324/9781003119722},\\n}\\n\\n\\n\\n\",\"editor_short\":[\"Brown, N. E.\",\"Jr, R. B.\",\"Stout, C.\"],\"key\":\"brown_politics_2020\",\"id\":\"brown_politics_2020\",\"bibbaseid\":\"brown-jr-stout-thepoliticsofprotestreadingsontheblacklivesmattermovement-2020\",\"role\":\"editor\",\"urls\":{},\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"book\",\"type\":\"book\",\"address\":\"New York\",\"edition\":\"2\",\"title\":\"Distinct Identities: Minority Women in U.S. Politics\",\"isbn\":\"978-1-00-329703-1\",\"shorttitle\":\"Distinct Identities\",\"url\":\"https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/edit/10.4324/9781003297031/distinct-identities-nadia-brown-sarah-allen-gershon\",\"abstract\":\"The second edition of Distinct Identities continues to provide a sophisticated yet accessible introduction to the complexities of the politics, social structures, and cultural contexts that animate how women of color engage in and shape U.S. politics. Keeping the structure of the original volume, this text represents the diverse and innovative scholarship being conducted in this field while covering the core topics in gender politics. What’s New: Chapters on queer women of color and the role of women of color and social movements. Chapters on the strategies that women of color use to run for office, where they run, political newcomers (Asian and Indigenous women). Chapters on the experiences of women of color office holders. Chapters on policy analysis and the media’s role in shaping the political agenda of women of color political elites. Distinct Identities pushes the boundaries of traditional intersectional scholarship and responds to America’s rapidly diversifying demographics and political culture. It reflects cutting-edge scholarship and provides readers with insight into where the field of women of color politics will head in the coming years.\",\"publisher\":\"Routledge\",\"editor\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Brown\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Nadia\",\"E.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Gershon\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Sarah\",\"Allen\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"month\":\"July\",\"year\":\"2023\",\"doi\":\"10.4324/9781003297031\",\"bibtex\":\"@book{brown_distinct_2023,\\n\\taddress = {New York},\\n\\tedition = {2},\\n\\ttitle = {Distinct {Identities}: {Minority} {Women} in {U}.{S}. {Politics}},\\n\\tisbn = {978-1-00-329703-1},\\n\\tshorttitle = {Distinct {Identities}},\\n\\turl = {https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/edit/10.4324/9781003297031/distinct-identities-nadia-brown-sarah-allen-gershon},\\n\\tabstract = {The second edition of Distinct Identities continues to provide a sophisticated yet accessible introduction to the complexities of the politics, social structures, and cultural contexts that animate how women of color engage in and shape U.S. politics. Keeping the structure of the original volume, this text represents the diverse and innovative scholarship being conducted in this field while covering the core topics in gender politics.\\nWhat’s New:\\n\\nChapters on queer women of color and the role of women of color and social movements.\\nChapters on the strategies that women of color use to run for office, where they run, political newcomers (Asian and Indigenous women).\\nChapters on the experiences of women of color office holders.\\nChapters on policy analysis and the media’s role in shaping the political agenda of women of color political elites.\\nDistinct Identities pushes the boundaries of traditional intersectional scholarship and responds to America’s rapidly diversifying demographics and political culture. It reflects cutting-edge scholarship and provides readers with insight into where the field of women of color politics will head in the coming years.},\\n\\tpublisher = {Routledge},\\n\\teditor = {Brown, Nadia E. and Gershon, Sarah Allen},\\n\\tmonth = jul,\\n\\tyear = {2023},\\n\\tdoi = {10.4324/9781003297031},\\n}\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\",\"editor_short\":[\"Brown, N. E.\",\"Gershon, S. A.\"],\"key\":\"brown_distinct_2023\",\"id\":\"brown_distinct_2023\",\"bibbaseid\":\"brown-gershon-distinctidentitiesminoritywomeninuspolitics-2023\",\"role\":\"editor\",\"urls\":{\"Paper\":\"https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/edit/10.4324/9781003297031/distinct-identities-nadia-brown-sarah-allen-gershon\"},\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"article\",\"type\":\"article\",\"title\":\"Concept Formation in Political Science: An Anti-Naturalist Critique of Qualitative Methodology\",\"volume\":\"6\",\"shorttitle\":\"Concept Formation in Political Science\",\"url\":\"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0d29c21x\",\"abstract\":\"Author(s): Bevir, Mark; Kedar, Asaf\",\"language\":\"en\",\"urldate\":\"2024-08-09\",\"journal\":\"Perspectives on Politics\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Bevir\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Mark\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Kedar\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Asaf\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"year\":\"2008\",\"pages\":\"503–517\",\"bibtex\":\"@article{bevir_concept_2008,\\n\\ttitle = {Concept {Formation} in {Political} {Science}: {An} {Anti}-{Naturalist} {Critique} of {Qualitative} {Methodology}},\\n\\tvolume = {6},\\n\\tshorttitle = {Concept {Formation} in {Political} {Science}},\\n\\turl = {https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0d29c21x},\\n\\tabstract = {Author(s): Bevir, Mark; Kedar, Asaf},\\n\\tlanguage = {en},\\n\\turldate = {2024-08-09},\\n\\tjournal = {Perspectives on Politics},\\n\\tauthor = {Bevir, Mark and Kedar, Asaf},\\n\\tyear = {2008},\\n\\tpages = {503--517},\\n}\\n\\n\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Bevir, M.\",\"Kedar, A.\"],\"key\":\"bevir_concept_2008\",\"id\":\"bevir_concept_2008\",\"bibbaseid\":\"bevir-kedar-conceptformationinpoliticalscienceanantinaturalistcritiqueofqualitativemethodology-2008\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{\"Paper\":\"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0d29c21x\"},\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"book\",\"type\":\"book\",\"address\":\"New York\",\"edition\":\"10\",\"title\":\"Approaching Democracy: American Government in Times of Challenge\",\"isbn\":\"978-1-00-330399-2\",\"shorttitle\":\"Approaching Democracy\",\"abstract\":\"Democracy cannot be taken for granted, whether at home or internationally, and eternal vigilance (along with civic intelligence) is required to protect it. Approaching Democracy provides students with a framework to analyze the structure, process, and action of US government, institutions, and social movements. It also invites comparison with other countries. This globalizing perspective gives students an understanding of issues of governance and challenges to democracy here and elsewhere. At a moment of political hyper-partisanship, economic tensions, media misinformation, hyper-partisanship, and anxieties about the future of civil rights, this is the ideal time to introduce Approaching Democracy–a textbook based on Vaclav Havel’s powerful metaphor of democracy as an ideal and the American experiment as the closest approach to it–to a new generation of political science undergraduate students. NEW TO THE TENTH EDITION Updated to reflect the results of the 2022 midterm elections and explore the implications of Congressional redistricting, voting suppression, and voting rights legislation Covers the first two years of the Biden administration and provides a thorough retrospective on the Trump presidency—including updates on the January 6 Commission findings and the Justice department’s investigation into Trump’s alleged misappropriation of classified government documents Presents the developments on the Supreme Court including the appointment of its two newest justices and major recent decisions including controversial rulings on reproductive health, the separation of church and state, and the environment Explores the revival of NATO and other international alliances in the context of the Russian invasion of Ukraine New and updated material has also been provided regarding gun control, healthcare, labor rights, immigration, economic policy, COVID-19’s lingering impacts, and the ongoing struggle for social and racial justice in America\",\"publisher\":\"Routledge\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Berman\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Larry\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Murphy\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Bruce\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Brown\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Nadia\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Gershon\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Sarah\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"month\":\"August\",\"year\":\"2023\",\"doi\":\"10.4324/9781003303992\",\"bibtex\":\"@book{berman_approaching_2023,\\n\\taddress = {New York},\\n\\tedition = {10},\\n\\ttitle = {Approaching {Democracy}: {American} {Government} in {Times} of {Challenge}},\\n\\tisbn = {978-1-00-330399-2},\\n\\tshorttitle = {Approaching {Democracy}},\\n\\tabstract = {Democracy cannot be taken for granted, whether at home or internationally, and eternal vigilance (along with civic intelligence) is required to protect it. Approaching Democracy provides students with a framework to analyze the structure, process, and action of US government, institutions, and social movements. It also invites comparison with other countries. This globalizing perspective gives students an understanding of issues of governance and challenges to democracy here and elsewhere. At a moment of political hyper-partisanship, economic tensions, media misinformation, hyper-partisanship, and anxieties about the future of civil rights, this is the ideal time to introduce Approaching Democracy--a textbook based on Vaclav Havel’s powerful metaphor of democracy as an ideal and the American experiment as the closest approach to it--to a new generation of political science undergraduate students.\\nNEW TO THE TENTH EDITION\\n\\nUpdated to reflect the results of the 2022 midterm elections and explore the implications of Congressional redistricting, voting suppression, and voting rights legislation\\nCovers the first two years of the Biden administration and provides a thorough retrospective on the Trump presidency—including updates on the January 6 Commission findings and the Justice department’s investigation into Trump’s alleged misappropriation of classified government documents\\nPresents the developments on the Supreme Court including the appointment of its two newest justices and major recent decisions including controversial rulings on reproductive health, the separation of church and state, and the environment\\nExplores the revival of NATO and other international alliances in the context of the Russian invasion of Ukraine\\nNew and updated material has also been provided regarding gun control, healthcare, labor rights, immigration, economic policy, COVID-19’s lingering impacts, and the ongoing struggle for social and racial justice in America},\\n\\tpublisher = {Routledge},\\n\\tauthor = {Berman, Larry and Murphy, Bruce and Brown, Nadia and Gershon, Sarah},\\n\\tmonth = aug,\\n\\tyear = {2023},\\n\\tdoi = {10.4324/9781003303992},\\n}\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Berman, L.\",\"Murphy, B.\",\"Brown, N.\",\"Gershon, S.\"],\"key\":\"berman_approaching_2023\",\"id\":\"berman_approaching_2023\",\"bibbaseid\":\"berman-murphy-brown-gershon-approachingdemocracyamericangovernmentintimesofchallenge-2023\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{},\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"article\",\"type\":\"article\",\"title\":\"The Great Divides: Incommensurability, the Impossibility of Mixed-Methodology, and What to Do about It\",\"volume\":\"22\",\"issn\":\"1521-9488\",\"shorttitle\":\"The Great Divides\",\"url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1093/isr/viaa016\",\"doi\":\"10.1093/isr/viaa016\",\"abstract\":\"There is still significant confusion about how multimethod research can be undertaken and even if it is possible. The article makes the claims that much of the confusion is the result of a failure to distinguish between multimethod and multimethodology research. We argue that there are at least three different methodological languages: variance-based, case-based, and interpretivist. The article starts by discussing the ontological and epistemological foundations underlying the three different methodologies that result in them making very different types of claims evidenced with very different empirical material. Variance-based methodologies assesses mean causal effects across a set of cases, whereas case-based methodologies focus on how a causal process works within a case. Markedly different from the causally oriented variance- and case-bases approaches, interpretivist research ask questions about human meaning-making in specific contexts. While the claim of methodological incommensurability is not a new claim, the contribution we make in this article is to unpack more clearly the irreconcilable differences that exist across the three methodologies and how they play out in international studies scholarship, and to provide suggestions for what we can do about it.\",\"number\":\"2\",\"urldate\":\"2024-08-09\",\"journal\":\"International Studies Review\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Beach\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Derek\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Kaas\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Jonas\",\"Gejl\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"month\":\"June\",\"year\":\"2020\",\"pages\":\"214–235\",\"bibtex\":\"@article{beach_great_2020,\\n\\ttitle = {The {Great} {Divides}: {Incommensurability}, the {Impossibility} of {Mixed}-{Methodology}, and {What} to {Do} about {It}},\\n\\tvolume = {22},\\n\\tissn = {1521-9488},\\n\\tshorttitle = {The {Great} {Divides}},\\n\\turl = {https://doi.org/10.1093/isr/viaa016},\\n\\tdoi = {10.1093/isr/viaa016},\\n\\tabstract = {There is still significant confusion about how multimethod research can be undertaken and even if it is possible. The article makes the claims that much of the confusion is the result of a failure to distinguish between multimethod and multimethodology research. We argue that there are at least three different methodological languages: variance-based, case-based, and interpretivist. The article starts by discussing the ontological and epistemological foundations underlying the three different methodologies that result in them making very different types of claims evidenced with very different empirical material. Variance-based methodologies assesses mean causal effects across a set of cases, whereas case-based methodologies focus on how a causal process works within a case. Markedly different from the causally oriented variance- and case-bases approaches, interpretivist research ask questions about human meaning-making in specific contexts. While the claim of methodological incommensurability is not a new claim, the contribution we make in this article is to unpack more clearly the irreconcilable differences that exist across the three methodologies and how they play out in international studies scholarship, and to provide suggestions for what we can do about it.},\\n\\tnumber = {2},\\n\\turldate = {2024-08-09},\\n\\tjournal = {International Studies Review},\\n\\tauthor = {Beach, Derek and Kaas, Jonas Gejl},\\n\\tmonth = jun,\\n\\tyear = {2020},\\n\\tpages = {214--235},\\n}\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Beach, D.\",\"Kaas, J. G.\"],\"key\":\"beach_great_2020\",\"id\":\"beach_great_2020\",\"bibbaseid\":\"beach-kaas-thegreatdividesincommensurabilitytheimpossibilityofmixedmethodologyandwhattodoaboutit-2020\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{\"Paper\":\"https://doi.org/10.1093/isr/viaa016\"},\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{}},\"html\":\"\"}],\n      metadata: {\"authorlinks\":{}},\n      ownerID: undefined\n    };\n  </script>\n\n  <script type=\"text/javascript\">\n  var site$;\n  if (typeof $ != 'undefined') {\n    console.log('existing jquery: storing and then restoring');\n    site$ = $;\n    $ = null;\n  }\n  </script>\n\n  <script src=\"https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/2.2.4/jquery.min.js\">\n  </script>\n  <script type=\"text/javascript\">\n  if (site$) {\n    console.log('existing jquery: avoiding conflict and restoring');\n    bb$ = $.noConflict(true);\n    $ = site$;\n  } else {\n    bb$ = $;\n  }\n  </script>\n\n  <script src=\"//bibbase.org/js/bibbase.min.js\"\n          type=\"text/javascript\">\n  </script>\n\n  <script type=\"text/javascript\"\n          src=\"https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/mathjax/2.7.1/MathJax.js?config=TeX-AMS-MML_HTMLorMML\">\n  </script>\n  <script type=\"text/x-mathjax-config\">\n    MathJax.Hub.Config({tex2jax: {inlineMath: [['$','$'], ['\\\\(','\\\\)']]},\n                        skipTags: [\"body\"],\n                        processClass: \"bibbase_paper\"});\n  </script>\n\n  <style>\n  @media print {\n    .dontprint {\n        display: none !important;\n    }\n\n  .bibbase_group {\n    background-color: #E0E0E0;\n    font-style: italic;\n    font-size: larger;\n    text-shadow: 0px 0px 3px #FFFFFF;\n    border-radius: 4px 4px 4px 4px;\n    -moz-border-radius: 4px 4px 4px 4px;\n    -webkit-border-radius: 4px;\n    padding: 5px 40px 5px;\n    margin-top: 10px;\n    margin-bottom: 5px;\n    cursor: pointer;\n  }\n\n  .bibbase_paper {\n    margin-bottom: 5px;\n  }\n\n  }\n  </style>\n\n  \n  <div style=\"float: right; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 10px; text-align: right; font-size: 12px\">\n    generated by\n    <a href=\"//bibbase.org\"\n       onclick=\"trackOutboundLink('bibbase', 'logo clicked', window.location.href, '//bibbase.org'); return false;\">\n      <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/logo.svg\"\n           style=\"vertical-align: middle; margin-left: 3px; height: 16px;\"/\n           alt=\"bibbase.org\"\n           title=\"BibBase – The easiest way to maintain your publications page.\"\n        ></a>\n    \n  </div>\n  \n\n  <div id=\"bibbase_header\" class=\"dontprint\" style=\"\">\n\n    <ul class=\"nav nav-pills\" style=\"margin: 0px;\">\n\n      <li class=\"dropdown\" id=\"groupby_dropdown\">\n      <a class=\"dropdown-toggle\"\n         data-toggle=\"dropdown\"\n         href=\"#\">\n          Group by\n          <b class=\"caret\"></b>\n      </a>\n      <ul class=\"dropdown-menu\">\n        <li class=\"groupby year\"><a onclick=\"groupby('year')\">\n            Year</a>\n        </li>\n        <li class=\"groupby author\"><a onclick=\"groupby('author_short')\">\n            Author</a>\n        </li>\n        <li class=\"groupby type\"><a onclick=\"groupby('type')\">\n            Type</a>\n        </li>\n        <li class=\"groupby keyword\"><a onclick=\"groupby('keyword')\">\n            Keyword</a>\n        </li>\n        <li class=\"groupby downloads\"><a onclick=\"groupby('downloads')\">\n            Downloads</a>\n        </li>\n      </ul>\n      </li>\n\n\n      <li class=\"dropdown\" id=\"menu_dropdown\">\n      <a class=\"dropdown-toggle\"\n         data-toggle=\"dropdown\"\n         href=\"#\" alt=\"controls\">\n          <i class=\"fa fa-reorder\" alt=\"controls\"></i>\n          <b class=\"caret\"></b>\n      </a>\n      <ul class=\"dropdown-menu\">\n        <li>\n          <a onclick=\"toggleAll()\">\n            <i class=\"fa fa-chevron-down fa-fw\"></i> Expand/Collapse All\n          </a>\n        </li>\n        <li>\n          <a download=\"5623432\" href=\"data:text/bibtex;base64,@book{parkinson_beyond_2023,
	title = {Beyond the {Lines} by {Sarah} {E}. {Parkinson} {\textbar} {Paperback}},
	isbn = {978-1-5017-6714-2},
	url = {https://www.cornellpress.cornell.edu/book/9781501767142/beyond-the-lines/},
	abstract = {Beyond the Lines explores the social underpinnings of rebel adaptation and resilience. How do rebel groups cope with crises such as repression, displacement, and fragmentation? What explains changes...},
	language = {en-US},
	urldate = {2024-08-14},
	publisher = {Cornell University Press},
	author = {Parkinson, Sarah E.},
	month = jan,
	year = {2023},
}









@book{sliwinski_human_2011,
	address = {Chicago, IL},
	title = {Human {Rights} {In} {Camera}},
	isbn = {978-0-226-76276-0},
	url = {https://press.uchicago.edu/ucp/books/book/chicago/H/bo12079675.html},
	abstract = {From the fundamental rights proclaimed in the American and French declarations of independence to the 1948 Universal Declaration of Human Rights and Hannah Arendt’s furious critiques, the definition of what it means to be human has been hotly debated. But the history of human rights—and their abuses—is also a richly illustrated one. Following this picture trail, Human Rights In Camera takes an innovative approach by examining the visual images that have accompanied human rights struggles and the passionate responses people have had to them.Sharon Sliwinski considers a series of historical events, including the 1755 Lisbon earthquake and the Holocaust, to illustrate that universal human rights have come to be imagined through aesthetic experience. The circulation of images of distant events, she argues, forms a virtual community between spectators and generates a sense of shared humanity. Joining a growing body of scholarship about the cultural forces at work in the construction of human rights, Human Rights In Camera is a novel take on this potent political ideal.},
	language = {en},
	urldate = {2024-08-14},
	publisher = {University of Chicago Press},
	author = {Sliwinski, Sharon},
	month = oct,
	year = {2011},
}





@book{nichols_theft_2020,
	title = {Theft {Is} {Property}! {Dispossession} and {Critical} {Theory}},
	isbn = {978-1-4780-0608-4},
	url = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctv11smqjz},
	abstract = {Drawing on Indigenous peoples' struggles against settler
colonialism, {\textless}em{\textgreater}Theft Is Property!{\textless}/em{\textgreater} reconstructs the concept of dispossession as a means of explaining how shifting
configurations of law, property, race, and rights have functioned as modes of governance, both historically and in the present.
Through close analysis of arguments by Indigenous scholars and
activists from the nineteenth century to the present, Robert
Nichols argues that dispossession has come to name a unique
recursive process whereby systematic theft is the mechanism by
which property relations are generated. In so doing, Nichols also brings long-standing debates in anarchist, Black radical, feminist, Marxist, and postcolonial thought into direct conversation with the frequently overlooked intellectual contributions of Indigenous
peoples.},
	urldate = {2024-08-14},
	publisher = {Duke University Press},
	author = {Nichols, Robert},
	year = {2020},
	doi = {10.2307/j.ctv11smqjz},
}





@book{godrej_freedom_2022,
	title = {Freedom {Inside}? {Yoga} and {Meditation} in the {Carceral} {State}},
	isbn = {978-0-19-007009-0},
	url = {https://global.oup.com/academic/product/freedom-inside-9780190070090},
	abstract = {An estimated forty million people in the United States regularly practice yoga, and as an industry it generates over nine billion dollars annually. A major reason for its popularity is its promise of mental and physical well-being: yoga and meditation are thought to be spiritual paths to self-improvement. Yoga is also widely practiced in prisons, another large business in the United States. Prisons in all fifty states offer yoga and meditation as a form of rehabilitation.},
	language = {en\_GB},
	urldate = {2024-08-14},
	publisher = {Oxford University Press},
	author = {Godrej, Farah},
	month = jul,
	year = {2022},
	note = {Cc: us
Lang: en
Tab: overview},
}





@book{cooper_everyday_2014,
	title = {Everyday {Utopias}: {The} {Conceptual} {Life} of {Promising} {Spaces}},
	isbn = {978-0-8223-5555-7},
	url = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctv1220qrp},
	abstract = {Everyday utopias enact conventional activities in unusual ways. Instead of dreaming about a better world, participants seek to create it. As such, their activities provide vibrant and stimulating contexts for considering the terms of social life, of how we live together and are governed. Weaving conceptual theorizing together with social analysis, Davina Cooper examines utopian projects as seemingly diverse as a feminist bathhouse, state equality initiatives, community trading networks, and a democratic school where students and staff collaborate in governing. She draws from firsthand observations and interviews with participants to argue that utopian projects have the potential to revitalize progressive politics through the ways their innovative practices incite us to rethink mainstream concepts including property, markets, care, touch, and equality. This is no straightforward story of success, however, but instead a tale of the challenges concepts face as they move between being imagined, actualized, hoped for, and struggled over. As dreaming drives new practices and practices drive new dreams, everyday utopias reveal how hard work, feeling, ethical dilemmas, and sometimes, failure, bring concepts to life.},
	urldate = {2024-08-14},
	publisher = {Duke University Press},
	author = {Cooper, Davina},
	year = {2014},
	doi = {10.2307/j.ctv1220qrp},
}





@book{amar_security_2013,
	title = {The {Security} {Archipelago}: {Human}-{Security} {States}, {Sexuality} {Politics}, and the {End} of {Neoliberalism}},
	isbn = {978-0-8223-5384-3},
	url = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctv125jkg1},
	abstract = {In The Security Archipelago, Paul Amar provides an alternative historical and theoretical framing of the refashioning of free-market states and the rise of humanitarian security regimes in the Global South by examining the pivotal, trendsetting cases of Brazil and Egypt. Addressing gaps in the study of neoliberalism and biopolitics, Amar describes how coercive security operations and cultural rescue campaigns confronting waves of resistance have appropriated progressive, antimarket discourses around morality, sexuality, and labor. The products of these struggles-including powerful new police practices, religious politics, sexuality identifications, and gender normativities-have traveled across an archipelago, a metaphorical island chain of what the global security industry calls "hot spots." Homing in on Cairo and Rio de Janeiro, Amar reveals the innovative resistances and unexpected alliances that have coalesced in new polities emerging from the Arab Spring and South America's Pink Tide. These have generated a shared modern governance model that he terms the "human-security state."},
	urldate = {2024-08-14},
	publisher = {Duke University Press},
	author = {Amar, Paul},
	year = {2013},
	doi = {10.2307/j.ctv125jkg1},
}





@book{kato_liberalizing_2016,
	title = {Liberalizing {Lynching}: {Building} a {New} {Racialized} {State}},
	isbn = {978-0-19-023257-3},
	shorttitle = {Liberalizing {Lynching}},
	abstract = {In spite of America's identity as a liberal democracy, the vile act of lynching happened frequently in the Southern United States over the course of the nation's history. Indeed, lynchings were very public events, and were even advertised in newspapers, begging the question of how such a brazen disregard for the law could have occurred so freely and openly.  Liberalizing Lynching: Building a New Racialized State seeks to explain the seemingly paradoxical relationship between the American liberal regime and the illiberal act of lynching. Drawing on legal cases, congressional documents, presidential correspondence, and newspaper reports, Daniel Kato explores the federal government's pattern of non-intervention regarding lynchings of African Americans from the late nineteenth century through the 1960s. Although popular belief holds that the federal government was unable to address racial violence in the South, this book argues that the actions and decisions of the federal government from the 1870s through the 1960s reveal that federal inaction was not primarily a consequence of institutional or legal incapacities, but rather a decision that was supported and maintained by all three branches of the federal government. Inaction stemmed from the decision not to intervene, not the powerlessness of the federal government.  To cement his argument, Kato develops the theory of constitutional anarchy, which crystallizes the ways in which federal government had the capacity to intervene, yet relinquished its responsibility while nonetheless maintaining authority. A bold challenge to conventional knowledge about lynching, Liberalizing Lynching will serve as a useful tool for students and scholars of political science, legal history, and African American studies.},
	language = {en},
	publisher = {Oxford University Press},
	author = {Kato, Daniel},
	year = {2016},
	note = {Google-Books-ID: 0M9xCgAAQBAJ},
	keywords = {Law / Legal History, Political Science / History \& Theory, Political Science / Political Ideologies / Democracy, Social Science / Discrimination, Social Science / Ethnic Studies / American / African American \& Black Studies, Social Science / Race \& Ethnic Relations, Social Science / Social Classes \& Economic Disparity, True Crime / General},
}









@book{fishel_microbial_2017,
	title = {The {Microbial} {State}: {Global} {Thriving} and the {Body} {Politic}},
	isbn = {978-1-5179-0013-7},
	url = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.5749/j.ctt1pwt5z8},
	abstract = {pFor three centuries, concepts of the state have been animated by one of the most powerful metaphors in politics: the body politic, a claustrophobic and bounded image of sovereignty. Climate change, neoliberalism, mass migration, and other aspects of the late Anthropocene have increasingly revealed the limitations of this metaphor. Just as the human body is not whole and separate from other bodies-comprising microbes, bacteria, water, and radioactive isotopes-Stefanie R. Fishel argues that the body politic of the state exists in dense entanglement with other communities and forms of life. /p pDrawing on insights from continental philosophy, science and technology studies, and international relations theory, this path-breaking book critiques the concept of the body politic on the grounds of its very materiality. Fishel both redefines and extends the metaphor of the body politic and its role in understanding an increasingly posthuman, globalized world politics. By conceiving of bodies and states as lively vessels, living harmoniously with multiplicity and the biosphere, she argues that a radical shift in metaphors can challenge a politics based on fear to open new forms of global political practice and community. /p pReframing the concept of the body politic to accommodate greater levels of complexity, Fishel suggests, will result in new configurations for the political and social organization necessary to build a world in which the planet's inhabitants do not merely live but actively thrive./p},
	urldate = {2024-08-14},
	publisher = {University of Minnesota Press},
	author = {Fishel, Stefanie R.},
	year = {2017},
	doi = {10.5749/j.ctt1pwt5z8},
}





@book{pasternak_grounded_2017,
	title = {Grounded {Authority}: {The} {Algonquins} of {Barriere} {Lake} against the {State}},
	isbn = {978-0-8166-9834-9},
	url = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.5749/j.ctt1pv88w3},
	abstract = {Since Justin Trudeau's election in 2015, Canada has been hailed internationally as embarking on a truly progressive, post-postcolonial era-including an improved relationship between the state and its Indigenous peoples. Shiri Pasternak corrects this misconception, showing that colonialism is very much alive in Canada. From the perspective of Indigenous law and jurisdiction, she tells the story of the Algonquins of Barriere Lake, in western Quebec, and their tireless resistance to federal land claims policy.  {\textless}em{\textgreater}Grounded Authority{\textless}/em{\textgreater}chronicles the band's ongoing attempts to restore full governance over its lands and natural resources through an agreement signed by settler governments almost three decades ago-an agreement the state refuses to fully implement. Pasternak argues that the state's aversion to recognizing Algonquin jurisdiction stems from its goal of perfecting its sovereignty by replacing the inherent jurisdiction of Indigenous peoples with its own, delegated authority. From police brutality and fabricated sexual abuse cases to an intervention into and overthrow of a customary government, Pasternak provides a compelling, richly detailed account of rarely documented coercive mechanisms employed to force Indigenous communities into compliance with federal policy.  A rigorous account of the incredible struggle fought by the Algonquins to maintain responsibility over their territory,{\textless}em{\textgreater}Grounded Authority{\textless}/em{\textgreater}provides a powerful alternative model to one nation's land claims policy and a vital contribution to current debates in the study of colonialism and Indigenous peoples in North America and globally.},
	urldate = {2024-08-14},
	publisher = {University of Minnesota Press},
	author = {Pasternak, Shiri},
	year = {2017},
}













@book{zacka_when_2017,
	title = {When the {State} {Meets} the {Street}: {Public} {Service} and {Moral} {Agency}},
	isbn = {978-0-674-54554-0},
	shorttitle = {When the {State} {Meets} the {Street}},
	abstract = {Bernardo Zacka probes the complex moral lives of street-level bureaucratsÑthe frontline social and welfare workers, police officers, and educators who represent governmentÕs human face to ordinary citizens. Too often dismissed as soulless operators, these workers wield significant discretion and make decisions that profoundly affect peopleÕs lives.},
	language = {en},
	publisher = {Harvard University Press},
	author = {Zacka, Bernardo},
	month = sep,
	year = {2017},
	note = {Google-Books-ID: 3KdFDwAAQBAJ},
	keywords = {Philosophy / Ethics \& Moral Philosophy, Philosophy / Political, Political Science / American Government / Local, Political Science / History \& Theory, Political Science / Public Affairs \& Administration, Political Science / Public Policy / Social Services \& Welfare},
}









@book{riofrancos_resource_2020,
	title = {Resource {Radicals}: {From} {Petro}-{Nationalism} to {Post}-{Extractivism} in {Ecuador}},
	isbn = {978-1-4780-1212-2},
	shorttitle = {Resource {Radicals}},
	url = {https://www.dukeupress.edu/resource-radicals},
	abstract = {In 2007, the left came to power in Ecuador. In the years that followed, the “twenty-first-century socialist” government and a coalition of grassroots activists came to blows over the extraction of natural resources. Each side declared the other a perversion of leftism and the principles of socioeconomic equality, popular empowerment, and anti-imperialism. In Resource Radicals, Thea Riofrancos unpacks the conflict between these two leftisms: on the one hand, the administration's resource nationalism and focus on economic development; and on the other, the anti-extractivism of grassroots activists who condemned the government's disregard for nature and indigenous communities. In this archival and ethnographic study, Riofrancos expands the study of resource politics by decentering state resource policy and locating it in a field of political struggle populated by actors with conflicting visions of resource extraction. She demonstrates how Ecuador's commodity-dependent economy and history of indigenous uprisings offer a unique opportunity to understand development, democracy, and the ecological foundations of global capitalism.},
	language = {en},
	publisher = {Duke University Press},
	author = {Riofrancos, Thea},
	month = jul,
	year = {2020},
	note = {Google-Books-ID: nATzDwAAQBAJ},
	keywords = {History / Latin America / South America, Political Science / Public Policy / Energy Policy, Social Science / Anthropology / Cultural \& Social},
}









@book{schatz_slow_2021,
	address = {Stanford},
	title = {Slow {Anti}-{Americanism}: {Social} {Movements} and {Symbolic} {Politics} in {Central} {Asia}},
	isbn = {978-1-5036-1369-0},
	shorttitle = {Slow {Anti}-{Americanism}},
	abstract = {Negative views of the United States abound, but we know too little about how such views affect politics. Drawing on careful research on post-Soviet Central Asia, Edward Schatz argues that anti-Americanism is best seen not as a rising tide that swamps or as a conflagration that overwhelms. Rather, "America" is a symbolic resource that resides quietly in the mundane but always has potential value for social and political mobilizers. Using a wide range of evidence and a novel analytic framework, Schatz considers how Islamist movements, human rights activists, and labor mobilizers across Central Asia avail themselves of this fact, thus changing their ability to pursue their respective agendas. By refocusing our analytic gaze away from high politics, he affords us a clearer view of the slower-moving, partially occluded, and socially embedded processes that ground how "America" becomes political. In turn, we gain a nuanced appreciation of the downstream effects of US foreign policy choices and a sober sense of the challenges posed by the politics of traveling images.Most treatments of anti-Americanism focus on politics in the realm of presidential elections and foreign policies. By focusing instead on symbols, Schatz lays bare how changing public attitudes shift social relations in politically significant ways, and considers how changing symbolic depictions of the United States recombine the raw material available for social mobilizers. Just like sediment traveling along waterways before reaching its final destination, the raw material that constitutes symbolic America can travel among various social groups, and can settle into place to form the basis of new social meanings. Symbolic America, Schatz shows us, matters for politics in Central Asia and beyond.},
	publisher = {Stanford University Press},
	author = {Schatz, Edward},
	year = {2021},
	keywords = {Asian Studies, Politics -- International Affairs},
}









@book{kim_empires_2020,
	title = {Empires of {Vice}: {The} {Rise} of {Opium} {Prohibition} across {Southeast} {Asia}},
	volume = {11},
	isbn = {978-0-691-17240-8},
	url = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctvp7d4p6},
	abstract = {{\textless}strong{\textgreater}A history of opium's dramatic fall from favor in
colonial Southeast Asia{\textless}/strong{\textgreater} During the late nineteenth
century, opium was integral to European colonial rule in Southeast Asia. The taxation of opium was a major source of revenue for
British and French colonizers, who also derived moral authority
from imposing a tax on a peculiar vice of their non-European
subjects. Yet between the 1890s and the 1940s, colonial states
began to ban opium, upsetting the very foundations of overseas
rule-how did this happen? {\textless}em{\textgreater}Empires of Vice{\textless}/em{\textgreater} traces the
history of this dramatic reversal, revealing the colonial legacies that set the stage for the region's drug problems today. Diana Kim challenges the conventional wisdom about opium prohibition-that it came about because doctors awoke to the dangers of drug addiction or that it was a response to moral crusaders-uncovering a more
complex story deep within the colonial bureaucracy. Drawing on a
wealth of archival evidence across Southeast Asia and Europe, she shows how prohibition was made possible by the pivotal
contributions of seemingly weak bureaucratic officials. Comparing British and French experiences across today's Burma, Cambodia,
Laos, Malaysia, Singapore, and Vietnam, Kim examines how the
everyday work of local administrators delegitimized the taxing of opium, which in turn made major anti-opium reforms possible.
{\textless}em{\textgreater}Empires of Vice{\textless}/em{\textgreater} reveals the inner life of colonial
bureaucracy, illuminating how European rulers reconfigured their
opium-entangled foundations of governance and shaped Southeast
Asia's political economy of illicit drugs and the punitive
state.},
	urldate = {2024-08-14},
	publisher = {Princeton University Press},
	author = {Kim, Diana S.},
	year = {2020},
	doi = {10.2307/j.ctvp7d4p6},
}





@book{li_marriage_2022,
	address = {Stanford},
	title = {Marriage {Unbound}: {State} {Law}, {Power}, and {Inequality} in {Contemporary} {China}},
	isbn = {978-1-5036-1314-0},
	shorttitle = {Marriage {Unbound}},
	abstract = {China after Mao has undergone vast transformations, including massive rural-to-urban migration, rising divorce rates, and the steady expansion of the country's legal system. Today, divorce may appear a private concern, when in fact it is a profoundly political matter—especially in a national context where marriage was and has continued to be a key vehicle for nation-state building. Marriage Unbound focuses on the politics of divorce cases in contemporary China, following a group of women seeking judicial remedies for conjugal grievances and disputes.Drawing on extensive archival and ethnographic data, paired with unprecedented access to rural Chinese courtrooms, Ke Li presents not only a stirring portrayal of how these women navigate divorce litigation, but also a uniquely in-depth account of the modern Chinese legal system. With sensitive and fluid prose, Li reveals the struggles between the powerful and the powerless at the front lines of dispute management; the complex interplay between culture and the state; and insidious statecraft that far too often sacrifices women's rights and interests. Ultimately, this book shows how women's legal mobilization and rights contention can forge new ground for our understanding of law, politics, and inequality in an authoritarian regime.},
	publisher = {Stanford University Press},
	author = {Li, Ke},
	year = {2022},
	keywords = {Asian Studies, Law -- Race and Gender, Politics -- Comparative Politics, Sociology -- Gender and Sexuality},
}









@misc{school_meta-categorical_2022,
	title = {A meta-categorical framework for relational policy theory: re-imagining the {Multiple} {Streams} {Framework} ({Nick} {Turnbull})},
	copyright = {http://www.anu.edu.au/copyright/},
	shorttitle = {A meta-categorical framework for relational policy theory},
	url = {https://politicsir.cass.anu.edu.au/events/meta-categorical-framework-relational-policy-theory-re-imagining-multiple-streams},
	abstract = {Tripartite theoretical frameworks and metaphors are common in policy theory. We argue that these frameworks have been misapplied, being construed ontologically when they are, in fact, categories of questions. The ontological reading generates a theoretical obstacle in presupposing an assumption of independence of the three categories. We illustrate this in the case of the Multiple Streams Framework. A philosophical analysis rejects the ontological reading to ground the tripartite framework in a generalized meta-categorical framework, grounded in questioning and argumentation.},
	language = {en-AU},
	urldate = {2024-08-14},
	journal = {School of Politics \& International Relations},
	author = {School, Head of and admin.rsss@anu.edu.au},
	month = feb,
	year = {2022},
	note = {Last Modified: 2022-08-29T14:20:13+10:00
Publisher: The Australian National University},
}





@misc{school_vision_2021,
	title = {Vision and method in global historical sociology ({George} {Lawson})},
	copyright = {http://www.anu.edu.au/copyright/},
	url = {https://politicsir.cass.anu.edu.au/events/vision-and-method-global-historical-sociology-george-lawson},
	abstract = {Historical sociology is a long-established interdisciplinary field concerned with incorporating temporality in the analysis of social processes. Global historical sociology examines the transnational and global features of these processes. It is premised on two interrelated dynamics: first, the global dynamics that enable the emergence, reproduction and breakdown of social forms; and second, the historical emergence, reproduction, and breakdown of transnational and global social forms.},
	language = {en-AU},
	urldate = {2024-08-14},
	journal = {School of Politics \& International Relations},
	author = {School, Head of and admin.rsss@anu.edu.au},
	month = sep,
	year = {2021},
	note = {Last Modified: 2022-08-29T14:21:48+10:00
Publisher: The Australian National University},
}













@misc{school_three_2022,
	title = {Three {Faces} of {Revolution}: {Egypt} and {Other} {Places} ({Mona} {El}-{Ghobashy})},
	copyright = {http://www.anu.edu.au/copyright/},
	shorttitle = {Three {Faces} of {Revolution}},
	url = {https://politicsir.cass.anu.edu.au/events/three-faces-revolution-egypt-and-other-places-mona-el-ghobashy},
	abstract = {The Arab uprisings of 2010-11 renewed scholarly interest in revolutions as a conceptual category. At the same time, ‘democratic transition’ was also widely used to analyze post-authoritarian polities. However, faced with the daunting complexity and breakneck speed of regional events, analysts began framing them in terms of absences, failures, and dysfunctions. It was common to write of the uprisings as inauthentic revolutions or failed democratic transitions.},
	language = {en-AU},
	urldate = {2024-08-14},
	journal = {School of Politics \& International Relations},
	author = {School, Head of and admin.rsss@anu.edu.au},
	month = feb,
	year = {2022},
	note = {Last Modified: 2022-08-29T14:08:44+10:00
Publisher: The Australian National University},
}





@misc{school_how_2022,
	title = {How {I} {Studied} {Anti}-{Americanism}: {Reflections} on {Interpretivism}, {Eclecticism}, and {Coherence} ({Edward} {Schatz})},
	copyright = {http://www.anu.edu.au/copyright/},
	shorttitle = {How {I} {Studied} {Anti}-{Americanism}},
	url = {https://politicsir.cass.anu.edu.au/events/how-i-studied-anti-americanism-reflections-interpretivism-eclecticism-and-coherence},
	abstract = {How can social science research do justice to polysemy, ambiguity, dynamism, recursivity, indeterminacy, and contingency while making substantive, coherent truth-claims? In this talk, Edward Schatz reflects on the entirely messy processes that helped to produce his recent book Slow Anti-Americanism: Symbolic Politics and Social Movements in Central Asia (Stanford, 2021).},
	language = {en-AU},
	urldate = {2024-08-14},
	journal = {School of Politics \& International Relations},
	author = {School, Head of and admin.rsss@anu.edu.au},
	month = feb,
	year = {2022},
	note = {Last Modified: 2022-08-24T12:43:43+10:00
Publisher: The Australian National University},
}









@misc{school_access_2022,
	title = {Access and {Ethics} in {Prison} {Research} ({Farah} {Godrej})},
	copyright = {http://www.anu.edu.au/copyright/},
	url = {https://politicsir.cass.anu.edu.au/events/access-and-ethics-prison-research-farah-godrej},
	abstract = {How do the requirements of “scholarly” research—including and especially ethics reviews  by institutional bodies—serve to shape and constrain the access that researchers can gain to prisons?  How does it shape the researcher’s engagement with their incarcerated research participants?},
	language = {en-AU},
	urldate = {2024-08-14},
	journal = {School of Politics \& International Relations},
	author = {School, Head of and admin.rsss@anu.edu.au},
	month = feb,
	year = {2022},
	note = {Last Modified: 2022-08-29T14:09:33+10:00
Publisher: The Australian National University},
}





@book{el-ghobashy_bread_2021,
	address = {Stanford},
	title = {Bread and {Freedom}: {Egypt}'s {Revolutionary} {Situation}},
	isbn = {978-1-5036-0176-5},
	shorttitle = {Bread and {Freedom}},
	abstract = {A multivocal account of why Egypt's defeated revolution remains a watershed in the country's political history.Bread and Freedom offers a new account of Egypt's 2011 revolutionary mobilization, based on a documentary record hidden in plain sight—party manifestos, military communiqués, open letters, constitutional contentions, protest slogans, parliamentary debates, and court decisions. A rich trove of political arguments, the sources reveal a range of actors vying over the fundamental question in politics: who holds ultimate political authority. The revolution's tangled events engaged competing claims to sovereignty made by insurgent forces and entrenched interests alike, a vital contest that was terminated by the 2013 military coup and its aftermath.Now a decade after the 2011 Arab uprisings, Mona El-Ghobashy rethinks how we study revolutions, looking past causes and consequences to train our sights on the collisions of revolutionary politics. She moves beyond the simple judgments that once celebrated Egypt's revolution as an awe-inspiring irruption of people power or now label it a tragic failure. Revisiting the revolutionary interregnum of 2011–2013, Bread and Freedom takes seriously the political conflicts that developed after the ouster of President Hosni Mubarak, an eventful thirty months when it was impossible to rule Egypt without the Egyptians.},
	publisher = {Stanford University Press},
	author = {El-Ghobashy, Mona},
	year = {2021},
	keywords = {Middle East Studies, Politics -- Comparative Politics},
}





@book{martinez_states_2022,
	address = {Stanford},
	title = {States of {Subsistence}: {The} {Politics} of {Bread} in {Contemporary} {Jordan}},
	isbn = {978-1-5036-3036-9},
	shorttitle = {States of {Subsistence}},
	abstract = {On any given day in Jordan, more than nine million residents eat approximately ten million loaves of khubz 'arabi—the slightly leavened flatbread known to many as pita. Some rely on this bread to avoid starvation; for others it is a customary pleasure. Yet despite its ubiquity in accounts of Middle East politics and society, rarely do we consider how bread is prepared, consumed, discussed, and circulated—and what this all represents. With this book, José Ciro Martínez examines khubz 'arabi to unpack the effects of the welfare program that ensures its widespread availability.Drawing on more than a year working as a baker in Amman, Martínez probes the practices that underpin subsidized bread. Following bakers and bureaucrats, he offers an immersive examination of social welfare provision. Martínez argues that the state is best understood as the product of routine practices and actions, through which it becomes a stable truth in the lives of citizens. States of Subsistence not only describes logics of rule in contemporary Jordan—and the place of bread within them—but also unpacks how the state endures through forms, sensations, and practices amid the seemingly unglamorous and unspectacular day-to-day.},
	publisher = {Stanford University Press},
	author = {Martínez, José Ciro},
	year = {2022},
	keywords = {Middle East Studies, Politics -- Comparative Politics, Sociology -- Economy and Work},
}













@book{schmidt_interpreting_2020,
	title = {Interpreting {Racial} {Politics} in the {United} {States}},
	isbn = {978-1-138-20432-4},
	url = {https://www.routledge.com/Interpreting-Racial-Politics-in-the-United-States/SchmidtSr/p/book/9781138204324},
	abstract = {Few subjects of social scientific inquiry need interpretive analysis more than the topic of racial politics, yet most US political science employs a narrowly behavioralist orientation. This book argues that it is time for political scientists studying race to more fully engage the issues that generate its political significance.
Drawing on the work of interpretive political scholars and methods, Ron Schmidt, Sr. addresses core questions regarding racial politics in the US to demonstrate the valu},
	language = {en},
	urldate = {2024-08-14},
	publisher = {Routledge},
	author = {Schmidt, Ronald},
	month = dec,
	year = {2020},
}









@book{price_reproductive_2021,
	title = {Reproductive {Politics} in the {United} {States}},
	isbn = {978-1-351-68956-4},
	url = {https://www.routledge.com/Reproductive-Politics-in-the-United-States/Price/p/book/9781138049307?utm_source=individuals&utm_medium=shared_link&utm_campaign=B021702_hg2_1au_7pp_d876},
	abstract = {Reproductive Politics in the United States is a concise, accessible, and engaging introduction to what continues to be a contentious and polarizing topic in the United States. Focusing on the current debates, controversies, and realities of reproductive justice, this text seeks to examine the historical, social and cultural forces that shape those politics. Making use of an explicitly feminist framework, the book analyzes how the intersections of gender, race, ethnicity, class, sexuality, and other markers of difference are implicated in protest and policy.This is a primer for Women’s and Gender Studies students, and for those coming to the topic for the first time.},
	language = {en},
	publisher = {Routledge},
	author = {Price, Kimala},
	month = dec,
	year = {2021},
	note = {Google-Books-ID: X01SEAAAQBAJ},
	keywords = {History / General, Social Science / Anthropology / Cultural \& Social, Social Science / Feminism \& Feminist Theory, Social Science / Gender Studies, Social Science / Men's Studies, Social Science / Sociology / General, Social Science / Women's Studies},
}









@book{mathieu_sovereignty_2023,
	title = {Sovereignty and the {Denial} of {International} {Equality}: {Writing} {Civilisational} {Difference} in {Early} {Modern} {International} {Relations}},
	isbn = {978-1-03-202044-0},
	shorttitle = {Sovereignty and the {Denial} of {International} {Equality}},
	url = {https://www.routledge.com/Sovereignty-and-the-Denial-of-International-Equality-Writing-Civilisational-Difference-in-Early-Modern-International-Relations/Mathieu/p/book/9781032020440},
	abstract = {This book asks whether sovereignty can guarantee international equality by exploring the discourses of sovereignty and their reliance on the notions of civilisation and savagery in two historical colonial encounters: the French explorations of Canada in the 16th century and the domestic troubles linked to the Wars of Religion.
Presenting the concept of ‘civilised sovereignty’, Mathieu reveals the interplay between the domestic and external claims to sovereignty, and offers a dynamic analysis},
	language = {en},
	urldate = {2024-08-14},
	publisher = {Routledge},
	author = {Mathieu, Xavier},
	month = may,
	year = {2023},
}













@book{marusek_law_2021,
	title = {Law and the {Kinetic} {Environment}: {Regulating} {Dynamic} {Landscapes}},
	isbn = {978-1-315-30935-4},
	shorttitle = {Law and the {Kinetic} {Environment}},
	abstract = {This book addresses the legal-geographical implications of the fact that landscapes are not static, but dynamic. Within the field of legal geography, the spatial relationship of law to landscape is usually considered to be static. Environments are often considered fixed, and consequently inert, as places that literally don’t go anywhere. Typically, then, it is what happens in these places, rather than the place itself, that commands academic attention. In contrast to this static viewpoint, Law and the Kinetic Environment considers how many landscapes are in flux and, as a result, may be seen as dynamic. Natural phenomena, such as oozing lava, moving glaciers, or bubbling geothermal pools, challenge and test the normative conceptualizations of stability of place, property ownership, and legal regulation. Consequently, such dynamic landscapes enliven and transform law, offering new jurisprudential insights into what law is and how it operates in response to the kineticism that, this book argues is, to some degree, inherent in all landscapes. This original engagement with legal geography will appeal to those with general interests in this area, as well as specific concerns with questions of law and place, property and the environment.},
	language = {en},
	publisher = {Routledge},
	author = {Marusek, Sarah},
	month = feb,
	year = {2021},
	note = {Google-Books-ID: auMUEAAAQBAJ},
	keywords = {Architecture / Landscape, Law / Environmental, Law / General, Law / Jurisprudence, Law / Land Use, Law / Property, Nature / Earthquakes \& Volcanoes, Nature / Natural Disasters, Social Science / Human Geography, Technology \& Engineering / Environmental / General},
}









@book{manekin_regular_2020,
	title = {Regular {Soldiers}, {Irregular} {War}: {Violence} and {Restraint} in the {Second} {Intifada}},
	copyright = {De Gruyter expressly reserves the right to use all content for commercial text and data mining within the meaning of Section 44b of the German Copyright Act.},
	isbn = {978-1-5017-5045-8},
	shorttitle = {Regular {Soldiers}, {Irregular} {War}},
	url = {https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/9781501750458/html},
	abstract = {What explains differences in soldier participation in violence during irregular war? How do ordinary men become professional wielders of force, and when does this transformation falter or fail? Regular Soldiers, Irregular War presents a theoretical framework for understanding the various forms of behavior in which soldiers engage during counterinsurgency campaigns—compliance and shirking, abuse and restraint, as well as the creation of new violent practices. Through an in-depth study of the Israeli Defense Forces' repression of the Second Palestinian Intifada of 2000–2005, including in-depth interviews with and a survey of former combatants, Devorah Manekin examines how soldiers come both to unleash and to curb violence against civilians in a counterinsurgency campaign. Manekin argues that variation in soldiers' behavior is best explained by the effectiveness of the control mechanisms put in place to ensure combatant violence reflects the strategies and preferences of military elites, primarily at the small-unit level. Furthermore, she develops and analyzes soldier participation in three categories of violence: strategic violence authorized by military elites; opportunistic or unauthorized violence; and "entrepreneurial violence"—violence initiated from below to advance organizational aims when leaders are ambiguous about what will best serve those aims. By going inside military field units and exploring their patterns of command and control, Regular Soldiers, Irregular War , sheds new light on the dynamics of violence and restraint in counterinsurgency.},
	language = {en},
	urldate = {2024-08-14},
	publisher = {Cornell University Press},
	author = {Manekin, Devorah S.},
	month = aug,
	year = {2020},
	doi = {10.1515/9781501750458},
	keywords = {Civil war, Israeli-Palestinian Conflict, Political violence, counterinsurgency, military},
}





@book{kirsch_sold_2019,
	title = {Sold {My} {Soul} for a {Student} {Loan}: {Higher} {Education} and the {Political} {Economy} of the {Future}},
	isbn = {978-1-4408-5072-1},
	shorttitle = {Sold {My} {Soul} for a {Student} {Loan}},
	url = {https://www.bloomsbury.com/us/sold-my-soul-for-a-student-loan-9781440850714/},
	abstract = {With unprecedented student debt keeping an entire generation from realizing the "American Dream," this book sounds a warning about how that debt may undermine both higher education—and our democracy.American higher education boasts one of the most impressive legacies in the world, but the price of admission for many is now endless debt. As this book shows, increasing educational indebtedness undermines the real value of higher education in our democracy. To help readers understand this dilemma, the book examines how student debt became commonplace and what the long-term effects of such an ongoing reality might be. Sold My Soul for a Student Loan examines this vitally important issue from an unprecedented diversity of perspectives, focusing on the fact that student debt is hindering the ability of millions of people to enter the job market, the housing market, the consumer economy, and the political process.Among other topics, the book covers the history of consumer debt in the United States, the history of federal policy toward higher education, and political action in response to the issue of student debt. Perhaps most importantly, it explores the new relationship debtor-citizens have to the government as a result of debt, and how that impacts democracy for a new generation.},
	language = {en},
	publisher = {Bloomsbury Publishing USA},
	author = {Kirsch, Daniel T.},
	month = apr,
	year = {2019},
	note = {Google-Books-ID: 4IzDEAAAQBAJ},
	keywords = {Education / Educational Policy \& Reform / General, Political Science / Public Policy / Economic Policy, Political Science / Public Policy / General},
}









@book{holmes_black_2020,
	address = {Ann Arbor, MI},
	title = {The {Black} and {White} {Rainbow}},
	isbn = {978-0-472-05463-3},
	url = {https://press.umich.edu/Books/T/The-Black-and-White-Rainbow},
	abstract = {Nation-building imperatives compel citizens to focus on what makes them similar and what binds them together, forgetting what makes them different. Democratic institution building, on the other hand, ...},
	language = {en-US},
	urldate = {2024-08-14},
	publisher = {University of Michigan Press},
	author = {Holmes, Carolyn},
	year = {2020},
}













@book{fujii_show_2021,
	title = {Show {Time}: {The} {Logic} and {Power} of {Violent} {Display}},
	isbn = {978-1-5017-5854-6},
	url = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.7591/j.ctv1ffpcwm},
	abstract = {{\textless}strong{\textgreater}In{\textless}/strong{\textgreater} {\textless}strong{\textgreater}{\textless}em{\textgreater}Show Time{\textless}/em{\textgreater}{\textless}/strong{\textgreater}
{\textless}strong{\textgreater}, Lee Ann Fujii asks why some perpetrators of political
violence, from lynch mobs to genocidal killers, display their acts of violence so publicly and extravagantly.{\textless}/strong{\textgreater} Closely
examining three horrific and extreme episodes-the murder of a
prominent Tutsi family amidst the genocide in Rwanda, the execution of Muslim men in a Serb-controlled village in Bosnia during the
Balkan Wars, and the lynching of a twenty-two-year old Black
farmhand on Maryland's Eastern Shore in 1933-Fujii shows how
"violent displays" are staged to not merely to kill those perceived to be enemies or threats, but also to affect and influence
observers, neighbors, and the larger society.

Watching and participating in these violent displays profoundly
transforms those involved, reinforcing political identities, social hierarchies, and power structures. Such public spectacles of
violence also force members of the community to choose sides-openly show support for the goals of the violence, or risk becoming
victims, themselves. Tracing the ways in which public displays of violence unfold, {\textless}em{\textgreater}Show Time{\textless}/em{\textgreater} reveals how the perpetrators
exploit the fluidity of social ties for their own ends.},
	urldate = {2024-08-14},
	publisher = {Cornell University Press},
	author = {Fujii, Lee Ann and Wood, Elisabeth Jean},
	editor = {Finnemore, Martha},
	year = {2021},
}





@book{friedman_power_2019,
	title = {Power without {Knowledge}: {A} {Critique} of {Technocracy}},
	isbn = {978-0-19-087717-0},
	url = {https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190877170.001.0001},
	abstract = {Technocrats claim to know how to solve the social and economic problems of complex modern societies. But this would require predicting how people will act once technocrats impose their policy solutions. Power Without Knowledge argues that people’s ideas, w hich govern their deliberate actions, are too heterogeneous for their behavior to be reliably predicted. Thus, a technocracy of social-scientific experts cannot be expected to accomplish its objectives. The author also shows that a large part of contemporary mass politics, even populist mass politics, is technocratic, as members of the general public often assume that they are competent to decide which policies or politicians will be able to solve social and economic problems. How, then, do “citizen-technocrats” make these decisions? Drawing on political psychology and survey research, the author contends that people often assume that the solutions to social problems are self-evident, such that politics becomes a matter of vetting public officials for their good intentions and strong wills, not their knowledge. Turning to the more conventional meaning of technocracy, the author argues that social scientists, too, drastically oversimplify technocratic realities, but in an entirely different manner. Neoclassical economists, for example, theorize that people respond rationally to the incentives they face. This theory is simplistic, but it creates the appearance that people’s behavior is predictable. Without such oversimplifications, the author argues, technocracy would be seen by technocrats themselves to be chimerical.},
	urldate = {2024-08-14},
	publisher = {Oxford University Press},
	author = {Friedman, Jeffrey},
	month = dec,
	year = {2019},
	doi = {10.1093/oso/9780190877170.001.0001},
}





@book{cramer_birthing_2021,
	address = {Stanford},
	title = {Birthing a {Movement}: {Midwives}, {Law}, and the {Politics} of {Reproductive} {Care}},
	isbn = {978-1-5036-0983-9},
	shorttitle = {Birthing a {Movement}},
	abstract = {Rich, personal stories shed light on midwives at the frontier of women's reproductive rights.Midwives in the United States live and work in a complex regulatory environment that is a direct result of state and medical intervention into women's reproductive capacity. In Birthing a Movement, Renée Ann Cramer draws on over a decade of ethnographic and archival research to examine the interactions of law, politics, and activism surrounding midwifery care. Framed by gripping narratives from midwives across the country, she parses out the often-paradoxical priorities with which they must engage—seeking formal professionalization, advocating for reproductive justice, and resisting state-centered approaches. Currently, professional midwives are legal and regulated in their practice in 32 states and illegal in eight, where their practice could bring felony convictions and penalties that include imprisonment. In the remaining ten states, Certified Professional Midwives (CPMs) are unregulated, but nominally legal. By studying states where CPMs have differing legal statuses, Cramer makes the case that midwives and their clients engage in various forms of mobilization—at times simultaneous, and at times inconsistent—to facilitate access to care, autonomy in childbirth, and the articulation of women's authority in reproduction. This book brings together literatures not frequently in conversation with one another, on regulation, mobilization, health policy, and gender, offering a multifaceted view of the experiences and politics of American midwifery, and promising rich insights to a wide array of scholars, activists, healthcare professionals alike.},
	publisher = {Stanford University Press},
	author = {Cramer, Renée Ann},
	year = {2021},
	keywords = {Law -- Race and Gender, Politics -- United States, Sociology -- Gender and Sexuality},
}





@book{bruyneel_settler_2021,
	title = {Settler {Memory}: {The} {Disavowal} of {Indigeneity} and the {Politics} of {Race} in the {United} {States}},
	isbn = {978-1-4696-6523-8},
	url = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.5149/9781469665252_bruyneel},
	abstract = {Faint traces of Indigenous people and their histories abound in American media, memory, and myths. Indigeneity often remains absent or invisible, however, especially in contemporary political and intellectual discourse about white supremacy, anti-Blackness, and racism in general. In this ambitious new book, Kevin Bruyneel confronts the chronic displacement of Indigeneity in the politics and discourse around race in American political theory and culture, arguing that the ongoing influence of settler-colonialism has undermined efforts to understand Indigenous politics while also hindering conversation around race itself. By reexamining major episodes, texts, writers, and memories of the political past from the seventeenth century to the present, Bruyneel reveals the power of settler memory at work in the persistent disavowal of Indigeneity. He also shows how Indigenous and Black intellectuals have understood ties between racism and white settler memory, even as the settler dimensions of whiteness are frequently erased in our discourse about race, whether in conflicts over Indian mascotry or the white nationalist underpinnings of Trumpism. Envisioning a new political future, Bruyneel challenges readers to refuse settler memory and consider a third reconstruction that can meaningfully link antiracism and anticolonialism.},
	urldate = {2024-08-14},
	publisher = {University of North Carolina Press},
	author = {Bruyneel, Kevin},
	year = {2021},
}





@book{blake_contentious_2019,
	title = {Contentious {Rituals}},
	isbn = {978-0-19-091558-2},
	url = {https://global.oup.com/academic/product/contentious-rituals-9780190915582},
	abstract = {Throughout the world, divisive monuments, ceremonies, and processions assert and reinforce claims to territory, legitimacy, and dominance. These contested symbols and rituals strengthen and lend meaning to communal boundaries; confer and renew identities; and inflame tensions between groups, polarizing communities and, at times, triggering violence.In Contentious Rituals, Jonathan S.},
	language = {en\_GB},
	urldate = {2024-08-14},
	publisher = {Oxford University Press},
	author = {Blake, Jonathan S.},
	month = mar,
	year = {2019},
	note = {Cc: us
Lang: en
Tab: overview},
}









@misc{shesterinina_mobilizing_2021,
	title = {Mobilizing in {Uncertainty} ({Cornell} {University} {Press}) {Book} {Launch}},
	url = {https://digitalmedia.sheffield.ac.uk/media/Mobilizing+in+Uncertainty+%28Cornell+University+Press%29+Book+Launch/1_1d99wao6},
	abstract = {Mobilizing in Uncertainty: Collective Identities and War in Abkhazia Author:Anastasia Shesterinina, Department of Politics and International Relations, the University of Sheffield In conversation with:Laurence Broers, South Caucasus Programme Director, Conciliation Resources and Associate Fellow, Russia and Eurasia Programme, Chatham House Chair: Simon Rushton, Department of Politics and International Relations, the University of Sheffield
The book launch is part of the Processes of Conflict and Peace Seminar Series hosted at the Centre for the Comparative Study of Civil War at the Department of Politics and International Relations, the University of Sheffield.
Wednesday, 24 March 202115:30-17:00 GMT},
	language = {en},
	urldate = {2024-08-14},
	author = {Shesterinina, Anastasia},
	year = {2021},
}









@book{shesterinina_mobilizing_2021,
	title = {Mobilizing in {Uncertainty} by {Anastasia} {Shesterinina} {\textbar} {Hardcover}},
	isbn = {978-1-5017-5376-3},
	url = {https://www.cornellpress.cornell.edu/book/9781501753763/mobilizing-in-uncertainty/},
	abstract = {Winner of the Davis Center Book Prize in Political and Social StudiesCo-winner of the Charles Taylor Book AwardHow do ordinary people navigate the intense uncertainty of the onset of war? Individuals...},
	language = {en-US},
	urldate = {2024-08-14},
	publisher = {Cornell University Press},
	author = {Shesterinina, Anastasia},
	month = mar,
	year = {2021},
	note = {https://digitalmedia.sheffield.ac.uk/id/1\_1d99wao6?fbclid=IwAR1Tq6aRfscQXC-mdeGgWZ\_Ses4TE3nu5EkZhE7-d2\_BgDZ6CiwBo7kK0yo},
}









@article{majic_publicizing_2021,
	title = {Publicizing the ({In})visible? {Celebrities}, {Anti}-{Human} {Trafficking} {Activism}, and {Feminist} {Ideologies}},
	volume = {28},
	issn = {1072-4745},
	url = {https://doi.org/10.1093/sp/jxz040},
	doi = {10.1093/sp/jxz040},
	abstract = {This article examines celebrities’ anti-human trafficking activism from 2000 to 2016 to interpret how they use their fame and personal experiences to publicize feminist issues. Drawing from an original dataset, I argue first that celebrities represent human trafficking in ways that circulate various feminist ideologies. Next, I juxtapose Ashley Judd and Jada Pinkett Smith to examine how individual celebrities adopt, reflect, and complicate these representations and ideologies, arguing here that celebrities variously deploy their personal stories to challenge and reinforce race and gender hierarchies. The conclusion considers this research’s broader implications for understanding celebrities, feminism, and policy debates.},
	number = {1},
	urldate = {2024-08-14},
	journal = {Social Politics: International Studies in Gender, State \& Society},
	author = {Majic, Samantha},
	month = mar,
	year = {2021},
	pages = {94--118},
}













@article{cheesman_rule--law_2018,
	title = {Rule-of-{Law} {Ethnography}},
	volume = {14},
	issn = {1550-3585, 1550-3631},
	url = {https://www.annualreviews.org/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-lawsocsci-101317-030900},
	doi = {10.1146/annurev-lawsocsci-101317-030900},
	abstract = {This review outlines an emerging agenda for ethnographic interpretation of the rule of law. From a survey of studies done on the rule of law in Africa, Asia, Europe, and the Americas, the review identifies four general characteristics of this mode of inquiry, namely, that it is located, relational, and comparative and has extrinsic value. It offers three nonexhaustive reasons for interpreting the rule of law ethnographically, which are as a counterhegemonic practice, in response to counterintuitive observations, and as a means to do constitutive theorizing. Contending that ethnographic work on the rule of law involves some kind of stance toward both research subjects and object of inquiry, the review advocates for the exercise of passionate humility: a conviction about the rule of law tempered by willingness to be proven wrong through inquiries in critical proximity with socially and politically mediated facts. Rule-of-law ethnography\&apos;s possibility lies in its attending to the relationship between what is claimed in the rule of law\&apos;s name and what is realized, not to make the idea look foolish, but to show how it emerges and why it persists through struggle.},
	language = {en},
	number = {Volume 14, 2018},
	urldate = {2024-08-14},
	journal = {Annual Review of Law and Social Science},
	author = {Cheesman, Nick},
	month = oct,
	year = {2018},
	note = {Publisher: Annual Reviews},
	pages = {167--184},
}





@misc{fujii_real_2017,
	title = {The {Real} {Problem} with {Diversity} in {Political} {Science}},
	url = {https://www.duckofminerva.com/2017/04/the-real-problem-with-diversity-in-political-science.html},
	abstract = {This is a guest post by Lee Ann Fujii, Associate Professor at the University of Toronto, and currently a Member Scholar of the Institute for Advanced Study. This post is based on the keynote addres…},
	language = {en-US},
	urldate = {2024-08-14},
	journal = {The Duck of Minerva},
	author = {Fujii, Lee Ann},
	month = apr,
	year = {2017},
}





@misc{fujii_prehistory_2017,
	title = {The {Prehistory} of the {Muslim} {Ban}},
	url = {https://www.publicbooks.org/the-prehistory-of-the-muslim-ban/},
	abstract = {Banning all Muslims was a popular campaign slogan for then-candidate Donald Trump. People cheered at the simple logic: all Muslims pose a ...},
	language = {en-US},
	urldate = {2024-08-14},
	journal = {Public Books},
	author = {Fujii, Lee Ann},
	month = mar,
	year = {2017},
}





















@article{forrest_steven_2021,
	title = {Steven {Lubet}’s {American} dilemma},
	copyright = {© 2021 Western Political Science Association},
	issn = {2156-5503},
	url = {https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/21565503.2021.1962373},
	abstract = {This essay examines the ideological underpinnings of Steven Lubet’s Interrogating Ethnography. I argue that Lubet’s text draws from an ideological tradition best exemplified by An American Dilemma,...},
	language = {EN},
	urldate = {2024-08-14},
	journal = {Politics, Groups, and Identities},
	author = {Forrest, David},
	month = aug,
	year = {2021},
	note = {Publisher: Routledge},
}





@article{yanow_trying_2021,
	title = {Trying {Lubet}'s ethnography: {On} methodology, writing, and ethics},
	copyright = {© 2021 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor \& Francis Group},
	issn = {2156-5503},
	shorttitle = {Trying {Lubet}'s ethnography},
	url = {https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/21565503.2021.1963993},
	abstract = {Published in Politics, Groups, and Identities (Vol. 9, No. 4, 2021)},
	language = {EN},
	urldate = {2024-08-14},
	journal = {Politics, Groups, and Identities},
	author = {Yanow, Dvora},
	month = aug,
	year = {2021},
	note = {Publisher: Routledge},
}





@article{shesterinina_sources_2021,
	title = {Sources of evidence and openness in field-intensive research on violent conflict},
	copyright = {© 2021 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor \& Francis Group},
	issn = {2156-5503},
	url = {https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/21565503.2021.1950015},
	abstract = {This article engages with Steven Lubet’s arguments in Interrogating Ethnography on reliability of evidence and replication of findings in ethnographic research. It draws on eight months of immersiv...},
	language = {EN},
	urldate = {2024-08-14},
	journal = {Politics, Groups, and Identities},
	author = {Shesterinina, Anastasia},
	month = aug,
	year = {2021},
	note = {Publisher: Routledge},
}









@article{batt_interpretive_2021,
	title = {Interpretive sufficiency: where evidence in journalism and ethnography meet},
	copyright = {© 2021 Western Political Science Association},
	issn = {2156-5503},
	shorttitle = {Interpretive sufficiency},
	url = {https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/21565503.2021.1960868},
	abstract = {In Interrogating Ethnography, Steven Lubet urges ethnographers to adopt norms of journalism to improve their standards of accuracy and ethics. I examine the purpose and separate evolutions of ethno...},
	language = {EN},
	urldate = {2024-08-14},
	journal = {Politics, Groups, and Identities},
	author = {Batt, Sharon},
	month = aug,
	year = {2021},
	note = {Publisher: Routledge},
}









@article{cheesman_reading_2021,
	title = {Reading paperwork realistically},
	copyright = {© 2021 Western Political Science Association},
	issn = {2156-5503},
	url = {https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/21565503.2021.1960869},
	abstract = {According to Steven Lubet, documentation freezes facts in time. For this reason, it is, he thinks, more reliable than other kinds of evidence. That makes it especially useful for fact checking. How...},
	language = {EN},
	urldate = {2024-08-14},
	journal = {Politics, Groups, and Identities},
	author = {Cheesman, Nick},
	month = aug,
	year = {2021},
	note = {Publisher: Routledge},
}









@article{yanow_ethnography_2021,
	title = {Ethnography on {Trial}: {Introduction} to the {Dialogue}},
	copyright = {© 2021 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor \& Francis Group},
	issn = {2156-5503},
	shorttitle = {Ethnography on {Trial}},
	url = {https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/21565503.2021.1963992},
	abstract = {Published in Politics, Groups, and Identities (Vol. 9, No. 4, 2021)},
	language = {EN},
	urldate = {2024-08-14},
	journal = {Politics, Groups, and Identities},
	author = {Yanow, Dvora},
	month = aug,
	year = {2021},
	note = {Publisher: Routledge},
}









@article{schaffer_thin_2014,
	title = {Thin {Descriptions}: {The} {Limits} of {Survey} {Research} on the {Meaning} of {Democracy}},
	volume = {46},
	issn = {0032-3497, 1744-1684},
	shorttitle = {Thin {Descriptions}},
	url = {https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/10.1057/pol.2014.14},
	doi = {10.1057/pol.2014.14},
	language = {en},
	number = {3},
	urldate = {2024-08-14},
	journal = {Polity},
	author = {Schaffer, Frederic Charles},
	month = jul,
	year = {2014},
	pages = {303--330},
}













@misc{yanow_nsf_2009,
	title = {{NSF} {Workshop} on {Interpretive} {Methodologies} in {Political} {Science}},
	abstract = {Handout for Yanow \& Schwartz-Shea, Tuesday afternoon session on Interpretive approaches to public policy and public administration},
	author = {Yanow, Dvora and Schwartz-Shea, Peregrine},
	month = sep,
	year = {2009},
}









@misc{harris_interpretive_2022,
	title = {Interpretive {Works} in {Political} {Science}, {International} {Studies}, and {Related} {Fields}: {A} {Resource} {Bibliography}},
	author = {Harris, Christina V. and Kim, Nancy Y. J. and Radomski, Julie},
	month = jun,
	year = {2022},
}





@article{tripp_transparency_2018,
	title = {Transparency and {Integrity} in {Conducting} {Field} {Research} on {Politics} in {Challenging} {Contexts}},
	volume = {16},
	issn = {1537-5927, 1541-0986},
	url = {https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/perspectives-on-politics/article/abs/transparency-and-integrity-in-conducting-field-research-on-politics-in-challenging-contexts/9612E174B54B3E22CF29B2D942260B6D},
	doi = {10.1017/S1537592718001056},
	abstract = {//static.cambridge.org/content/id/urn\%3Acambridge.org\%3Aid\%3Aarticle\%3AS1537592718001056/resource/name/firstPage-S1537592718001056a.jpg},
	language = {en},
	number = {3},
	urldate = {2024-08-14},
	journal = {Perspectives on Politics},
	author = {Tripp, Aili Mari},
	month = sep,
	year = {2018},
	pages = {728--738},
}









@misc{krystalli_negotiating_2018,
	title = {Negotiating {Data} {Management} with {The} {National} {Science} {Foundation}: {Transparency} {And} {Ethics} {In} {Research} {Relationships}},
	author = {Krystalli, Roxani},
	month = may,
	year = {2018},
}









@article{knott_beyond_2019,
	title = {Beyond the {Field}: {Ethics} after {Fieldwork} in {Politically} {Dynamic} {Contexts}},
	volume = {17},
	issn = {1537-5927, 1541-0986},
	shorttitle = {Beyond the {Field}},
	url = {https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/perspectives-on-politics/article/beyond-the-field-ethics-after-fieldwork-in-politically-dynamic-contexts/2733AF7906407A9F5D93D0A7C844B459},
	doi = {10.1017/S1537592718002116},
	abstract = {As researchers, when do our ethical obligations end? How should our ethical obligations respond to dynamic and unstable political contexts? Political scientists frequently work in dynamic political situations that can pose new ethical questions beyond those existing at the point of fieldwork. Yet, research ethics are often conceived in terms of a static, if not hermetically sealed, field site that remains frozen in time at the point we conduct fieldwork and collect data. I argue, first, that we need to consider more systematically how a dynamic field intersects with ethical obligations. Second, I argue that new and unexpected ethical questions can emerge after exiting the field, including responsibilities to research participants, dissemination, and publication, and returning to the field, which should be a part of how we conceive of ethical obligations.},
	language = {en},
	number = {1},
	urldate = {2024-08-14},
	journal = {Perspectives on Politics},
	author = {Knott, Eleanor},
	month = mar,
	year = {2019},
	pages = {140--153},
}









@inproceedings{harper_thinking_2018,
	address = {San Francisco},
	title = {Thinking about {Journals}, {IRBs}, and {Research} {Partners} ({Interviewees})},
	booktitle = {Excerpt from a paper presented at the roundtable “{Will} the real ‘research ethics’ stand up? {IRBs}, {DA}-{RT}, {QTD}, and the {APSA} {Ethics} {Guide} in the age of {Trump}”},
	author = {Harper, Robin A.},
	month = mar,
	year = {2018},
}









@misc{noauthor_interviews_nodate,
	title = {Interviews - {E}-{International} {Relations}},
	url = {https://www.e-ir.info/author/e-international-relations/},
	language = {en-US},
	urldate = {2024-08-14},
	journal = {Features - E-International Relations},
}













@misc{e-international_relations_interview_2015,
	title = {Interview - {Charles} {King}},
	url = {https://www.e-ir.info/2015/10/18/interview-charles-king/},
	abstract = {Professor King discusses the decline of International Studies, the growth of quantitative methods in IR, and the issue of presenting research findings to wider audiences.},
	language = {en-US},
	urldate = {2024-08-14},
	journal = {E-International Relations},
	author = {E-International Relations},
	month = oct,
	year = {2015},
}





@article{brunner_policy_1982,
	title = {The policy sciences as science},
	volume = {15},
	issn = {1573-0891},
	url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00143074},
	doi = {10.1007/BF00143074},
	abstract = {The preceding evaluation of the policy sciences by Schneider, Stevens, and Tornatzky is based on a rather narrow conception of science that emphasizes quantitative and rigorous methods. It overlooks the limitations of such methods, as revealed by the results of applications, and certain adjustments to these limitations. The latter include the adoption of more modest but realizable aspirations and the synthesis of diverse methods-qualitative as well as quantitative, exploratory as well as confirmatory. It also overlooks differences and trends in epistemological preconceptions that underlie the conduct of research and the interpretation of research results. This article reviews the relevant literature in the hope that it might eventually contribute to more enlightened evaluations of the emerging discipline.},
	language = {en},
	number = {2},
	urldate = {2024-08-13},
	journal = {Policy Sciences},
	author = {Brunner, Ronald D.},
	month = dec,
	year = {1982},
	keywords = {Economic Policy, Policy Science, Preceding Evaluation, Relevant Literature, Research Result},
	pages = {115--135},
}





@article{dryzek_policy_1982,
	title = {Policy analysis as a hermeneutic activity},
	volume = {14},
	issn = {1573-0891},
	url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00137394},
	doi = {10.1007/BF00137394},
	abstract = {Any piece of policy analysis must be appropriate to the context of its intended use. Social science often fails as policy analysis due to insensitivity to context. This paper explores a number of different modes of policy analysis to determine the circumstances in which the application of each is appropriate. It is argued that each mode is appropriate only under a fairly limited set of conditions; many of the problems policy analysis encounters are a result of attempts to apply a mode outside its niche. Greater use should be made of what is developed here as a hermeneutic model of policy analysis, appropriate in a residual set of conditions which none of the traditional models of policy analysis copes with adequately.},
	language = {en},
	number = {4},
	urldate = {2024-08-13},
	journal = {Policy Sciences},
	author = {Dryzek, John},
	month = aug,
	year = {1982},
	keywords = {Economic Policy, Policy Analysis, Problem Policy, Social Science, Traditional Model},
	pages = {309--329},
}





@incollection{callahan_interpretive_2012,
	title = {Interpretive social science and policy analysis},
	isbn = {978-1-4684-7015-4},
	abstract = {The social sciences playa variety of multifaceted roles in the policymaking process. So varied are these roles, indeed, that it is futile to talk in the singular about the use of social science in policymaking, as if there were one constant relationship between two fixed and stable entities. Instead, to address this issue sensibly one must talk in the plural about uses of dif ferent modes of social scientific inquiry for different kinds of policies under various circumstances. In some cases, the influence of social scientific research is direct and tangible, and the connection between the find ings and the policy is easy to see. In other cases, perhaps most, its influence is indirect-one small piece in a larger mosaic of politics, bargaining, and compromise. Occasionally the findings of social scientific studies are explicitly drawn upon by policymakers in the formation, implementation, or evaluation of particular policies. More often, the categories and theoretical models of social science provide a general background orientation within which policymakers concep tualize problems and frame policy options. At times, the in fluence of social scientific work is cognitive and informational in nature; in other instances, policymakers use social science primarily for symbolic and political purposes in order to le gitimate preestablished goals and strategies. Nonetheless, amid this diversity and variety, troubling general questions persistently arise.},
	language = {en},
	booktitle = {Ethics, {The} {Social} {Sciences}, and {Policy} {Analysis}},
	publisher = {Springer Science \& Business Media},
	author = {Jennings, Bruce},
	editor = {Callahan, Daniel and Jennings, Bruce},
	month = dec,
	year = {2012},
	note = {Google-Books-ID: y03uBwAAQBAJ},
	keywords = {Philosophy / Ethics \& Moral Philosophy, Philosophy / General, Social Science / General},
	pages = {Ch 1},
}





@incollection{rein_action_1983,
	address = {London, UK},
	title = {Action frames and problem setting.},
	booktitle = {From {Policy} to {Practice}},
	publisher = {Macmillan},
	author = {Rein, Martin},
	year = {1983},
	pages = {221--234},
}









@incollection{callahan_value-critical_2012,
	title = {Value-critical policy analysis},
	isbn = {978-1-4684-7015-4},
	abstract = {The social sciences playa variety of multifaceted roles in the policymaking process. So varied are these roles, indeed, that it is futile to talk in the singular about the use of social science in policymaking, as if there were one constant relationship between two fixed and stable entities. Instead, to address this issue sensibly one must talk in the plural about uses of dif ferent modes of social scientific inquiry for different kinds of policies under various circumstances. In some cases, the influence of social scientific research is direct and tangible, and the connection between the find ings and the policy is easy to see. In other cases, perhaps most, its influence is indirect-one small piece in a larger mosaic of politics, bargaining, and compromise. Occasionally the findings of social scientific studies are explicitly drawn upon by policymakers in the formation, implementation, or evaluation of particular policies. More often, the categories and theoretical models of social science provide a general background orientation within which policymakers concep tualize problems and frame policy options. At times, the in fluence of social scientific work is cognitive and informational in nature; in other instances, policymakers use social science primarily for symbolic and political purposes in order to le gitimate preestablished goals and strategies. Nonetheless, amid this diversity and variety, troubling general questions persistently arise.},
	language = {en},
	booktitle = {Ethics, {The} {Social} {Sciences}, and {Policy} {Analysis}},
	publisher = {Springer Science \& Business Media},
	author = {Rein, Martin},
	editor = {Callahan, Daniel and Jennings, Bruce},
	month = dec,
	year = {2012},
	note = {Google-Books-ID: y03uBwAAQBAJ},
	keywords = {Philosophy / Ethics \& Moral Philosophy, Philosophy / General, Social Science / General},
}









@book{paris_logic_1983,
	address = {United Kingdom},
	title = {The {Logic} of {Policy} {Inquiry}},
	isbn = {978-0-582-28356-5},
	language = {en},
	publisher = {Longman},
	author = {Paris, David C. and Reynolds, James F.},
	year = {1983},
	note = {Google-Books-ID: qTWPAAAAIAAJ},
	keywords = {Political Science / General, Political Science / Public Policy / General, Political Science / Public Policy / Social Services \& Welfare},
}





@article{miller_social_1985,
	title = {Social {Policy}: {An} {Exercise} in {Metaphor}},
	volume = {7},
	issn = {0164-0259},
	shorttitle = {Social {Policy}},
	url = {https://doi.org/10.1177/0164025985007002006},
	doi = {10.1177/0164025985007002006},
	abstract = {These day it is becoming common to emphasize the significant role metaphor plays in the human sciences. Donald Schön, for example, has recently highlighted its importance in social policy. However, this article argues a more radical interpretation of metaphor's ubiquitous presence in social policy (and, implicitly, in all forms of knowledge and practice). In doing this, it notes certain symptomatic shortcomings in Schön's treatment: His restricted notion of metaphor makes him unnecessarily cautious and ambivalent in certain regards, and unwarrantedly optimistic, indeed innocent, in others. Metaphor must not be considered intuitive and insightful verbal imagery in contrast to a judicious rationality of “critical inquiry.”},
	language = {en},
	number = {2},
	urldate = {2024-08-13},
	journal = {Knowledge},
	author = {Miller, Donald F.},
	month = dec,
	year = {1985},
	note = {Publisher: SAGE Publications},
	pages = {191--215},
}









@article{amy_toward_1984,
	title = {Toward a {Post}-{Positivist} {Policy} {Analysis}},
	volume = {13},
	url = {https://www.proquest.com/openview/b82de32e0454ca2f11e96233281f89a2/1?pq-origsite=gscholar&cbl=1821520},
	number = {1},
	journal = {Policy Studies Journal},
	author = {Amy, Douglas J.},
	month = sep,
	year = {1984},
	pages = {207},
}





@book{beam_political_1984,
	address = {Chicago, IL},
	title = {Political {Action}: {The} {Key} to {Understanding} {Politics}},
	isbn = {978-0-8040-0834-1},
	shorttitle = {Political {Action}},
	abstract = {Politics and the study of politics are at a watershed. They are deficient because they fail to respond to fundamental crises in our society, fail to incorporate new knowledge from other fields of study, and fail to allow citizens to function as mature human beings shaping their own destiny. Political Action demonstrates the need for a new political science which, in turn, may lead to a new politics more adequate to the problems of this era.Modern political science, as currently studied and practiced, is irrelevant for both public officials and citizens because it fails to focus on political action. Simpson and Beam provide a methodology for the study of political action and demonstrate how the study of political action using these methods provides a better understanding of politics and how these methods aid in identifying effective strategies for building a better America.Without a new focus on political action, political science will remain sterile and without a more humane politics, citizens will remain misinformed, apathetic, and helpless. Political Action is controversial because it challenges the profession of political science. It provides a "paradigm shift" in the field which is important for allied social science disciplines as well. For political strategists, it provides the methodological tool of political action propositions which allow a careful calculation of the effects of alternative strategies.},
	language = {en},
	publisher = {Swallow Press},
	author = {Beam, George and Simpson, Dick W.},
	year = {1984},
	note = {Google-Books-ID: ig8mAAAAMAAJ},
	keywords = {Political Science / Civil Rights, Political Science / General, Political Science / Human Rights},
}









@article{torgerson_contextual_1985,
	title = {Contextual orientation in policy analysis: {The} contribution of {Harold} {D}. {Lasswell}},
	volume = {18},
	issn = {1573-0891},
	shorttitle = {Contextual orientation in policy analysis},
	url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00138911},
	doi = {10.1007/BF00138911},
	abstract = {Criticized for its generally positivist and technocratic orientation, the literature of public policy analysis has begun to generate proposals that would create a convergence between the field and the wider movement for a post-positivist restructuring of social inquiry. Ironically, critics have often focused on “policy science” as the epitomy of positivism and technocracy, giving little attention to the actual position of the figure responsible for the term - Harold D. Lasswell. Centering on Lasswell's key concept of contextual orientation, this article argues that, despite positivist influences, he developed an approach to inquiry and a proposal for a policy science profession which together clearly transcend positivism and technocracy- which, indeed, anticipate recent post-positivist proposals. Implications for policy analysis of a project of contextual orientation are also considered, along with problems in Lasswell's focus on professionalization.},
	language = {en},
	number = {3},
	urldate = {2024-08-13},
	journal = {Policy Sciences},
	author = {Torgerson, Douglas},
	month = nov,
	year = {1985},
	keywords = {Economic Policy, Policy Analysis, Positivist Influence, Public Policy, Social Inquiry},
	pages = {241--261},
}





@article{torgerson_between_1986,
	title = {Between knowledge and politics: {Three} faces of policy analysis},
	volume = {19},
	issn = {1573-0891},
	shorttitle = {Between knowledge and politics},
	url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02124483},
	doi = {10.1007/BF02124483},
	abstract = {Various conceptual schemes have been employed to make sense of the diverse policy literature. Attempting to understand policy analysis in terms of its political and historical significance, this essay points to three distinct “faces,” distinguished with regard to differing relationships between knowledge and politcs: one where knowledge purports to replace politics, one where politics masquerades as knowledge, and one where knowledge and politics attain a measure of reconciliation. Historically, these three faces may be viewed, to an extent, as periods in the development of policy analysis: from positivism, to its critique, to present post-positivist efforts.},
	language = {en},
	number = {1},
	urldate = {2024-08-13},
	journal = {Policy Sciences},
	author = {Torgerson, Douglas},
	month = mar,
	year = {1986},
	keywords = {Conceptual Scheme, Economic Policy, Historical Significance, Policy Analysis, Policy Literature},
	pages = {33--59},
}





@article{torgerson_interpretive_1986,
	title = {Interpretive policy inquiry: {A} response to its limitations},
	volume = {19},
	issn = {1573-0891},
	shorttitle = {Interpretive policy inquiry},
	url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00139523},
	doi = {10.1007/BF00139523},
	abstract = {With positivist and technocratic notions still prevalent, Paul Healy's (1986) insightful effort to advance “interpretive policy inquiry” both underscores the limitations of conventional analysis and helps us to grasp the policy process in human terms. Yet the article falls short of a systematic presentation of the interpretive position and, in doing so, reveals the limitations of that approach: the need for an explicitly critical posture becomes clear. This point is made with particular attention to a pre-positivist figure, Machiavelli.},
	language = {en},
	number = {4},
	urldate = {2024-08-13},
	journal = {Policy Sciences},
	author = {Torgerson, Douglas},
	month = dec,
	year = {1986},
	keywords = {Critical Posture, Economic Policy, Policy Inquiry, Policy Process, Systematic Presentation},
	pages = {397--405},
}





@article{healy_interpretive_1986,
	title = {Interpretive policy inquiry: {A} response to the limitations of the received view},
	volume = {19},
	issn = {1573-0891},
	shorttitle = {Interpretive policy inquiry},
	url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00139522},
	doi = {10.1007/BF00139522},
	abstract = {This paper seeks to contribute to the growing body of literature on interpretive policy inquiry. As such, its specific focus is the presentation of the interpretive approach as a corrective for the shortcomings inherent in the standard view. Following an outline of the problems facing the received view, a systematic, philosophically grounded, statement of the interpretive position is developed. Thereafter, the tangible positive consequences for policy making of this approach are further discussed. The paper concludes with some reflections on the relationship between the positivistic and interpretive paradigms.},
	language = {en},
	number = {4},
	urldate = {2024-08-13},
	journal = {Policy Sciences},
	author = {Healy, Paul},
	month = dec,
	year = {1986},
	keywords = {Economic Policy, Policy Inquiry, Policy Making, Specific Focus, Standard View},
	pages = {381--396},
}





@article{kaplan_narrative_1986,
	title = {The {Narrative} {Structure} of {Policy} {Analysis}},
	volume = {5},
	issn = {0276-8739},
	url = {https://www.jstor.org/stable/3324882},
	doi = {10.2307/3324882},
	abstract = {This paper holds that the prior development of clear external criteria or principles is not always a useful avenue to the resolution of policy dilemmas, and that external criteria are sometimes as likely to emerge from proposed resolutions to policy issues as they are to govern those resolutions. In the absence of external criteria, stories meeting certain characteristics (truth, richness, consistency, congruency, and unity) can integrate necessary considerations, explain the development of current dilemmas, and point the way to resolutions. Not all policy analyses need to be in the narrative form--some analyses appropriately make tenseless arguments for particular principles. However, these principles invariably allow for many possible actions, and only a narrative can explain which particular course of action is desirable and why.},
	number = {4},
	urldate = {2024-08-13},
	journal = {Journal of Policy Analysis and Management},
	author = {Kaplan, Thomas J.},
	year = {1986},
	note = {Publisher: [Wiley, Association for Public Policy Analysis and Management]},
	pages = {761--778},
}





@incollection{burnham_standing_1980,
	address = {Cambridge},
	title = {Standing the study of public policy implementation on its head},
	isbn = {978-0-262-52061-4},
	language = {en},
	booktitle = {American {Politics} and {Public} {Policy}},
	publisher = {MIT Press},
	author = {Lipsky, Michael},
	editor = {Burnham, Walter Dean and Weinberg, Martha Wagner},
	year = {1980},
	note = {Google-Books-ID: oh8aHAAACAAJ},
}









@incollection{fischer_interpretation_1987,
	address = {United Kingdom},
	title = {Interpretation and the practice of policy analysis},
	isbn = {978-0-8039-2616-5},
	abstract = {Confronting Values in Policy Analysis questions the pursuit of `value neutrality' in policy analysis, and argues for the integration of empirical and normative methods of analysis. The contributors analyse the emerging ethical issues, the practice of policy analysis, theoretical and methodological issues involved in the normative work of policy analysts, and the central questions of ethical responsibility.},
	language = {en},
	booktitle = {Confronting {Values} in {Policy} {Analysis}: {The} {Politics} of {Criteria}},
	publisher = {SAGE Publications},
	author = {Jennings, Bruce},
	editor = {Fischer, Frank and Forester, John},
	month = jun,
	year = {1987},
	note = {Google-Books-ID: 6IowAAAAMAAJ},
	keywords = {Social Science / Research},
	pages = {128--52},
}





@article{ascher_editorial_1987,
	title = {Editorial: {Policy} sciences and the economic approach in a ‘post-positivist’ era},
	volume = {20},
	issn = {1573-0891},
	shorttitle = {Editorial},
	url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00137046},
	doi = {10.1007/BF00137046},
	language = {en},
	number = {1},
	urldate = {2024-08-13},
	journal = {Policy Sciences},
	author = {Ascher, William},
	month = apr,
	year = {1987},
	pages = {3--9},
}





@article{brunner_key_1987,
	title = {Key political symbols: {The} dissociation process},
	volume = {20},
	issn = {1573-0891},
	shorttitle = {Key political symbols},
	url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00137049},
	doi = {10.1007/BF00137049},
	abstract = {Key political symbols are an important but neglected topic in the policy sciences. As instruments of policy, they are used to fashion consensus and misused for purposes of exploitation. Scientific inquiry into the possibilities for maximizing consent and minimizing exploitation has been frustrated for lack of systematic, empirical methods - despite a rich theoretical tradition that has been available for decades. This article introduces suitable methods and reintroduces available theory through a case study of a key symbol, ‘Watergate.’ Originally a reference to a building in Washington, D.C., it became a reference to a complex of unresolved involving integrity in government. The process of dissociation from its original meaning provides cues that policy scientists might use to anticipate the course of issue expansion and simplification in connection with other policy issues, including the Iran-Contra arms affair.},
	language = {en},
	number = {1},
	urldate = {2024-08-13},
	journal = {Policy Sciences},
	author = {Brunner, Ronald D.},
	month = apr,
	year = {1987},
	keywords = {Attorney General, Dichotomous Choice, Intermediate Sense, Presidential Election, York Time},
	pages = {53--76},
}





@incollection{fischer_symbolic_1987,
	address = {United Kingdom},
	title = {The symbolic side of policy analysis},
	isbn = {978-0-8039-2616-5},
	abstract = {Confronting Values in Policy Analysis questions the pursuit of `value neutrality' in policy analysis, and argues for the integration of empirical and normative methods of analysis. The contributors analyse the emerging ethical issues, the practice of policy analysis, theoretical and methodological issues involved in the normative work of policy analysts, and the central questions of ethical responsibility.},
	language = {en},
	booktitle = {Confronting {Values} in {Policy} {Analysis}: {The} {Politics} of {Criteria}},
	publisher = {SAGE Publications},
	author = {Maynard-Moody, Steven and Stull, Donald},
	editor = {Fischer, Frank and Forester, John},
	month = jun,
	year = {1987},
	note = {Google-Books-ID: 6IowAAAAMAAJ},
	keywords = {Social Science / Research},
	pages = {Ch 11},
}





@incollection{palumbo_politics_1987,
	address = {Newbury Park, CA},
	title = {The politics of meaning and policy inquiry},
	isbn = {978-0-8039-2736-0},
	abstract = {Evaluation and politics are related in a number of ways. While programme evaluators have traditionally tried to be neutral, objective and scientific in their assessment of programmes, the results of evaluation are inherently political -- and are used by politicians, programme administrators, special interest groups and other stakeholders for political purposes. The contributors argue that since evaluation cannot be divorced from its political context, the political dimension must be understood in order to conduct effective evaluations.},
	language = {en},
	booktitle = {The {Politics} of {Program} {Evaluation}},
	publisher = {SAGE Publications},
	author = {Kelly, Rita Mae},
	editor = {Palumbo, Dennis J.},
	year = {1987},
	note = {Google-Books-ID: 3FWQAAAAIAAJ},
	keywords = {Social Science / Research},
	pages = {Ch 10},
}









@incollection{palumbo_implementation_1990,
	address = {United Kingdom},
	title = {Implementation research: {Why} and how to transcend positivist methodologies},
	isbn = {978-0-313-27283-7},
	abstract = {During the past two decades public policy analysis has focused on the role of implementation as a distinct phenomenon in the creation of policy output. More recently, implementation researchers have called for a major reevaluation of the process of policy formation itself. This book presents an overview of why implementation research has contributed to this major reconsideration and offers conceptual frameworks that employ implementation research to develop a fuller understanding of the entire policy process. It attempts to narrow the divide between the assumptions of the earlier and later implementation researchers. The contributors to this book aim at clarifying the relationship between implementation research and public policy analysis. They caution against the error of assuming that implementation is the main factor in policy making and that once implementation is taken care of, policies will be effective. They attempt to place implementation in the broader policy making process and show its relationship to the other parts of the policy cycle. Additionally, several of the contributors develop explanatory models that cut across the research dichotomies of the prevailing top-down and bottom-up approaches and establish an agenda for future research.The book is divided into three parts; within each the chapters are organized by questions that move from the more empirical to more methodological and theoretical concerns. The chapters in the first section deal with policy design issues and empirical aspects of implementation research. Those in part two present implementation's special contribution to the policy field, discussing how policy implementation adapts to changing organizational, intergovernmental, and ideological circumstances. The generalizations made by the authors focus on the contribution implementation research makes to understanding the entire policy process. The final section includes chapters that capture and extend the observations of the other contributors. These essays also develop generalizations and suggest various lines of future research. The final chapter both summarizes implementation's contributions and proposes an interpretive model that will forward future research. This comprehensive work can be used in courses on public policy and administration, and social welfare.},
	language = {en},
	booktitle = {Implementation and the {Policy} {Process}},
	publisher = {Bloomsbury Academic},
	author = {Fox, Charles J.},
	editor = {Palumbo, Dennis and Calista, Donald J. and Organization, Policy Studies},
	month = mar,
	year = {1990},
	note = {Google-Books-ID: mRLDEAAAQBAJ},
	keywords = {Business \& Economics / General, Political Science / General, Political Science / Public Policy / General},
	pages = {213--227},
}









@article{yanow_toward_1987,
	title = {Toward a {Policy} {Culture} {Approach} to {Implementation}},
	volume = {7},
	issn = {1541-1338},
	url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1541-1338.1987.tb00031.x},
	doi = {10.1111/j.1541-1338.1987.tb00031.x},
	language = {en},
	number = {1},
	urldate = {2024-08-13},
	journal = {Review of Policy Research},
	author = {Yanow, Dvora},
	year = {1987},
	note = {\_eprint: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/j.1541-1338.1987.tb00031.x},
	pages = {103--115},
}





@article{dery_knowing_1987,
	title = {Knowing: the political way},
	volume = {7},
	issn = {1541-132X},
	shorttitle = {Knowing},
	url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1541-1338.1987.tb00025.x},
	doi = {10.1111/j.1541-1338.1987.tb00025.x},
	number = {1},
	urldate = {2024-08-13},
	journal = {Review of Policy Research},
	author = {Dery, David},
	month = sep,
	year = {1987},
	note = {Publisher: John Wiley \& Sons, Ltd},
	pages = {13--25},
}





@book{fischer_confronting_1987,
	address = {United Kingdom},
	title = {Confronting {Values} in {Policy} {Analysis}: {The} {Politics} of {Criteria}},
	isbn = {978-0-8039-2616-5},
	shorttitle = {Confronting {Values} in {Policy} {Analysis}},
	abstract = {Confronting Values in Policy Analysis questions the pursuit of `value neutrality' in policy analysis, and argues for the integration of empirical and normative methods of analysis. The contributors analyse the emerging ethical issues, the practice of policy analysis, theoretical and methodological issues involved in the normative work of policy analysts, and the central questions of ethical responsibility.},
	language = {en},
	publisher = {SAGE Publications},
	editor = {Fischer, Frank and Forester, John},
	month = jun,
	year = {1987},
	note = {Google-Books-ID: 6IowAAAAMAAJ},
	keywords = {Social Science / Research},
}









@book{stone_policy_1988,
	address = {Boston},
	title = {Policy {Paradox} and {Political} {Reason}},
	isbn = {978-0-673-39751-5},
	language = {en},
	publisher = {Little Brown},
	author = {Stone, Deborah A.},
	year = {1988},
	keywords = {Political Science / General},
}









@book{dehaven-smith_philosophical_1988,
	address = {Gainesville},
	title = {Philosophical {Critiques} of {Policy} {Analysis}: {Lindblom}, {Habermas}, and the {Great} {Society}},
	isbn = {978-0-8130-0907-0},
	shorttitle = {Philosophical {Critiques} of {Policy} {Analysis}},
	language = {en},
	publisher = {University of Florida Press},
	author = {DeHaven-Smith, Lance},
	year = {1988},
	note = {Google-Books-ID: 0B6PaffNlv8C},
	keywords = {Business \& Economics / Development / Economic Development, Philosophy / General, Philosophy / Individual Philosophers, Political Science / Public Policy / General, Social Science / Poverty \& Homelessness},
}









@incollection{palumbo_tackling_1990,
	address = {United Kingdom},
	title = {Tackling the implementation problem: {Epistemological} issues in implementation research},
	isbn = {978-0-313-27283-7},
	abstract = {During the past two decades public policy analysis has focused on the role of implementation as a distinct phenomenon in the creation of policy output. More recently, implementation researchers have called for a major reevaluation of the process of policy formation itself. This book presents an overview of why implementation research has contributed to this major reconsideration and offers conceptual frameworks that employ implementation research to develop a fuller understanding of the entire policy process. It attempts to narrow the divide between the assumptions of the earlier and later implementation researchers. The contributors to this book aim at clarifying the relationship between implementation research and public policy analysis. They caution against the error of assuming that implementation is the main factor in policy making and that once implementation is taken care of, policies will be effective. They attempt to place implementation in the broader policy making process and show its relationship to the other parts of the policy cycle. Additionally, several of the contributors develop explanatory models that cut across the research dichotomies of the prevailing top-down and bottom-up approaches and establish an agenda for future research.The book is divided into three parts; within each the chapters are organized by questions that move from the more empirical to more methodological and theoretical concerns. The chapters in the first section deal with policy design issues and empirical aspects of implementation research. Those in part two present implementation's special contribution to the policy field, discussing how policy implementation adapts to changing organizational, intergovernmental, and ideological circumstances. The generalizations made by the authors focus on the contribution implementation research makes to understanding the entire policy process. The final section includes chapters that capture and extend the observations of the other contributors. These essays also develop generalizations and suggest various lines of future research. The final chapter both summarizes implementation's contributions and proposes an interpretive model that will forward future research. This comprehensive work can be used in courses on public policy and administration, and social welfare.},
	language = {en},
	booktitle = {Implementation and the {Policy} {Process}: {Opening} {Up} the {Black} {Box}},
	publisher = {Bloomsbury Academic},
	author = {Yanow, Dvora},
	editor = {Palumbo, Dennis and Calista, Donald J. and Organization, Policy Studies},
	month = mar,
	year = {1990},
	note = {Google-Books-ID: mRLDEAAAQBAJ},
	keywords = {Business \& Economics / General, Political Science / General, Political Science / Public Policy / General},
	pages = {213--227},
}













@article{throgmorton_rhetorics_1991,
	title = {The rhetorics of policy analysis},
	volume = {24},
	issn = {1573-0891},
	url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00138058},
	doi = {10.1007/BF00138058},
	abstract = {This paper claims that policy analysis is inherently rhetorical, that it cannot be fully understood apart from the audiences to which it is directed and the styles in which it is communicated. Defining rhetoric as persuasive discourse within and between interpretive communities, I argue that policy analysts are embedded in a complex rhetorical situation created by the interaction of three primary audiences (scientists, politicians, and lay advocates), each of which has its own normal discourse and agreed-upon conventions of persuasion, and that failure to persuade any one of these audiences will cause analysts to appear incompetent, impractical or illegitimate. To support and illustrate this claim I reconstruct the theoretical literature about policy analysis in rhetorical terms, then review events that occurred at Love Canal, New York, in the late 1970s. I conclude by suggesting that policy analysts need to ‘actively mediate’ the policy discourse between scientists, politicians, and advocates.},
	language = {en},
	number = {2},
	urldate = {2024-08-13},
	journal = {Policy Sciences},
	author = {Throgmorton, J. A.},
	month = may,
	year = {1991},
	keywords = {Economic Policy, Policy Analysis, Policy Analyst, Policy Discourse, Theoretical Literature},
	pages = {153--179},
}





@article{yanow_reading_1993,
	title = {Reading {Policy} {Meanings} in {Organization}-{Scapes}},
	volume = {10},
	issn = {0738-0895},
	url = {https://www.jstor.org/stable/43029097},
	doi = {https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.jpart.a037144},
	abstract = {The language of public policies is often ambiguous, and yet meanings are nonetheless communicated among legislators, implementors, clients and potential clients, and policy-relevant publics. One way in which this is accomplished is through the built space which implementing agencies inhabit Built spaces and their meanings exist in a symbolic relationship: the more concrete organization-scapes embody, represent, and communicate the more abstract meanings of public policies. This is done both substantively — by the physical elements of built space — and processually — through entering and using the spaces and appurtenances. The symbolic nature of organization-scapes is explored here in buildings constructed by the Israel Corporation of Community Centers as it implemented its policy mandate. Ways in which policy and agency meanings were communicated through these buildings to multiple audiences are shown. The case analysis suggests the need to rethink Goodsell's (1988) typology of "civic spaces" in understanding the conditions under which organization-scapes convey regime and societal values and beliefs.},
	number = {4},
	urldate = {2024-08-13},
	journal = {Journal of Architectural and Planning Research},
	author = {Yanow, Dvora},
	year = {1993},
	note = {Publisher: Locke Science Publishing Company, Inc.},
	pages = {308--328},
}





@book{fischer_argumentative_1993,
	title = {The {Argumentative} {Turn} in {Policy} {Analysis} and {Planning}},
	isbn = {978-0-8223-1354-0},
	url = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctv1220k4f},
	abstract = {Public policy is made of language. Whether in written or oral form, argument is central to all parts of the policy process. As simple as this insight appears, its implications for policy analysis and planning are profound. Drawing from recent work on language and argumentation and referring to such theorists as Wittgenstein, Habermas, Toulmin, and Foucault, these essays explore the interplay of language, action, and power in both the practice and the theory of policy-making. The contributors, scholars of international renown who range across the theoretical spectrum, emphasize the political nature of the policy planner's work and stress the role of persuasive arguments in practical decision making. Recognizing the rhetorical, communicative character of policy and planning deliberations, they show that policy arguments are necessarily selective, both shaping and being shaped by relations of power. These essays reveal the practices of policy analysts and planners in powerful new ways--as matters of practical argumentation in complex, highly political environments. They also make an important contribution to contemporary debates over postempiricism in the social and policy sciences. Contributors. John S. Dryzek, William N. Dunn, Frank Fischer, John Forester, Maarten Hajer, Patsy Healey, Robert Hoppe, Bruce Jennings, Thomas J. Kaplan, Duncan MacRae, Jr., Martin Rein, Donald Schon, J. A. Throgmorton},
	urldate = {2024-08-13},
	publisher = {Duke University Press},
	editor = {Fischer, Frank and Forester, John},
	year = {1993},
	doi = {10.2307/j.ctv1220k4f},
}





@book{denhardt_theories_2011,
	title = {Theories of {Public} {Organization}},
	isbn = {978-1-4390-8625-4},
	url = {https://books.google.ch/books?id=iykoQQAACAAJ},
	publisher = {Wadsworth/Cengage Learning},
	author = {Denhardt, R.B.},
	year = {2011},
	lccn = {2009943654},
}





@article{yanow_communication_1993,
	title = {The communication of policy meanings: {Implementation} as interpretation and text},
	volume = {26},
	issn = {1573-0891},
	shorttitle = {The communication of policy meanings},
	url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01006496},
	doi = {10.1007/BF01006496},
	abstract = {Interpretive approaches to policy analysis introduce a set of questions about how policy meanings are communicated to multiple audiences, and exploring these questions is a useful alternative to more traditional positivist approaches to understanding policy implementation. The article explores the theoretical background for one such approach illustrated by a case study of the Israel Corporation of Community Centers from 1969 to 1981 which shows how meanings were communicated through agency objects, language, and acts that represented policy and societal values. Agency artifacts are shown to symbolize tacitly known meanings as well as those which are part of a policy's explicit language. Not only do implementors and other situational actors interpret these artifacts; the policy and these interpretations may be “read” as a “text” about societal values and identity.},
	language = {en},
	number = {1},
	urldate = {2024-08-13},
	journal = {Policy Sciences},
	author = {Yanow, Dvora},
	month = mar,
	year = {1993},
	keywords = {Community Center, Economic Policy, Policy Analysis, Situational Actor, Theoretical Background},
	pages = {41--61},
}





@book{schon_frame_1994,
	address = {NY},
	title = {Frame {Reflection}: {Toward} the {Resolution} of {Intractable} {Policy} {Controversies}},
	shorttitle = {Frame {Reflection}},
	abstract = {The authors argue - contrary to the prevailing wisdom in academia - that human beings can reflect on and learn about the game of policy making even as they play it. They write, "human beings are capable of exploring how their own actions may exacerbate contention, contribute to stalemate, and trigger extreme pendulum swings, or, on the contrary, how their actions might help to resolve the frame conflicts that underlie stubborn policy disputes."},
	language = {en},
	publisher = {BasicBooks},
	author = {Schön, Donald A. and Rein, Martin},
	year = {1994},
	note = {Google-Books-ID: g16OzQEACAAJ},
}









@book{roe_narrative_1994,
	address = {Durham, NC},
	title = {Narrative {Policy} {Analysis}: {Theory} and {Practice}},
	isbn = {978-0-8223-8189-1},
	shorttitle = {Narrative {Policy} {Analysis}},
	url = {https://read.dukeupress.edu/books/book/592/Narrative-Policy-AnalysisTheory-and-Practice},
	abstract = {Narrative Policy Analysis presents a powerful and original application of contemporary literary theory and policy analysis to many of today’s most urgent p},
	language = {en},
	urldate = {2024-08-13},
	publisher = {Duke University Press},
	author = {Roe, Emery},
	month = nov,
	year = {1994},
	doi = {10.1215/9780822381891},
}









@article{yanow_practices_1995,
	title = {Practices of policy interpretation},
	volume = {28},
	issn = {1573-0891},
	url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00999671},
	doi = {10.1007/BF00999671},
	language = {en},
	number = {2},
	urldate = {2024-08-13},
	journal = {Policy Sciences},
	editor = {Yanow, Dvora},
	month = may,
	year = {1995},
	pages = {111--126},
}









@article{yanow_built_1995,
	title = {Built {Space} as {Story}},
	volume = {23},
	issn = {1541-0072},
	url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1541-0072.1995.tb00520.x},
	doi = {10.1111/j.1541-0072.1995.tb00520.x},
	abstract = {Policy analysis, both of a positivist and of an interpretivist bent, often focuses on the explicit, formal language of legislation. But policy meanings are also communicated through agency acts that take place in settings. In this essay I explore what we might learn for policy analysis in seeing built spaces–that is, policy settings–as texts, and specifically as stories.},
	language = {en},
	number = {3},
	urldate = {2024-08-13},
	journal = {Policy Studies Journal},
	author = {Yanow, Dvora},
	year = {1995},
	note = {\_eprint: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/j.1541-0072.1995.tb00520.x},
	pages = {407--422},
}





@article{swaffield_contextual_1998,
	title = {Contextual meanings in policy discourse: {A} case study of language use concerning resource policy in the {New} {Zealand} high country},
	volume = {31},
	issn = {1573-0891},
	shorttitle = {Contextual meanings in policy discourse},
	url = {https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1004380732660},
	doi = {10.1023/A:1004380732660},
	abstract = {Variation in the meaning and use of the term 'landscape' by different decision makers and decision influencers in the New Zealand high country is analysed in relation to the way they describe a resource policy issue. The case study is based upon documentary sources and oral accounts of the role that trees might play in high country land use. Links between language use and interest are identified and explored, and some consequential implications discussed.},
	language = {en},
	number = {3},
	urldate = {2024-08-13},
	journal = {Policy Sciences},
	author = {Swaffield, Simon},
	month = sep,
	year = {1998},
	keywords = {Decision Influencer, Decision Maker, Economic Policy, Policy Discourse, Policy Issue},
	pages = {199--224},
}





@book{fischer_citizens_2000,
	address = {Durham, NC},
	title = {Citizens, {Experts}, and the {Environment}: {The} {Politics} of {Local} {Knowledge}},
	isbn = {978-0-8223-2622-9},
	shorttitle = {Citizens, {Experts}, and the {Environment}},
	abstract = {The tension between professional expertise and democratic governance has become increasingly significant in Western politics. Environmental politics in particular is a hotbed for citizens who actively challenge the imposition of expert theories that ignore forms of local knowledge that can help to relate technical facts to social values.Where information ideologues see the modern increase in information as capable of making everyone smarter, others see the emergence of a society divided between those with and those without knowledge. Suggesting realistic strategies to bridge this divide, Fischer calls for meaningful nonexpert involvement in policymaking and shows how the deliberations of ordinary citizens can help solve complex social and environmental problems by contributing local contextual knowledge to the professionals’ expertise. While incorporating theoretical critiques of positivism and methodology, he also offers hard evidence to demonstrate that the ordinary citizen is capable of a great deal more participation than is generally recognized. Popular epidemiology in the United States, the Danish consensus conference, and participatory resource mapping in India serve as examples of the type of inquiry he proposes, showing how the local knowledge of citizens is invaluable to policy formation. In his conclusion Fischer examines the implications of the approach for participatory democracy and the democratization of contemporary deliberative structures.This study will interest political scientists, public policy practitioners, sociologists, scientists, environmentalists, political activists, urban planners, and public administrators along with those interested in understanding the relationship between democracy and science in a modern technological society.},
	language = {en},
	publisher = {Duke University Press},
	author = {Fischer, Frank},
	month = dec,
	year = {2000},
	note = {Google-Books-ID: rUEFMenCPH0C},
	keywords = {Nature / Environmental Conservation \& Protection, Political Science / History \& Theory, Political Science / Public Policy / General, Science / Environmental Science, Technology \& Engineering / Environmental / General},
}









@article{stein_these_2001,
	title = {‘{These} are your {Title} {I} students’: {Policy} language in educational practice},
	volume = {34},
	issn = {1573-0891},
	shorttitle = {‘{These} are your {Title} {I} students’},
	url = {https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1010323227348},
	doi = {10.1023/A:1010323227348},
	abstract = {Based on a qualitative study of the United States federal compensatory education policy, Title I of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act, this article uses interpretive policy analysis to investigate the ways in which policy language influences practitioners' understanding of students who are eligible for policy-funded services. Focusing on the situated interpretations of practitioners in nine urban elementary schools, the study shows how policy-generated categories shape practitioners' conceptualizations of students as they determine how to provide services. The aricle considers possible consequences of policy labels on teacher expectations and ends with an appeal for the collective, reflective interrogation of policy language in educational practice.},
	language = {en},
	number = {2},
	urldate = {2024-08-13},
	journal = {Policy Sciences},
	author = {Stein, Sandra J.},
	month = jun,
	year = {2001},
	keywords = {Economic Policy, Education Policy, Elementary School, Policy Analysis, Qualitative Study},
	pages = {135--156},
}





@book{hajer_deliberative_2003,
	address = {United Kingdom},
	title = {Deliberative {Policy} {Analysis}: {Understanding} {Governance} in the {Network} {Society}},
	isbn = {978-0-521-53070-5},
	shorttitle = {Deliberative {Policy} {Analysis}},
	abstract = {What kind of policy analysis is required now that governments increasingly encounter the limits of governing? Exploring the contexts of politics and policy making, this 2003 book presents an original analysis of the relationship between state and society, and new possibilities for collective learning and conflict resolution. The key insight of the book is that democratic governance calls for a new deliberatively-oriented policy analysis. Traditionally policy analysis has been state-centered, based on the assumption that central government is self-evidently the locus of governing. Drawing on detailed empirical examples, the book examines the influence of developments such as increasing ethnic and cultural diversity, the complexity of socio-technical systems, and the impact of transnational arrangements on national policy making. This contextual approach indicates the need to rethink the relationship between social theory, policy analysis, and politics. The book is essential reading for all those involved in the study of public policy.},
	language = {en},
	publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
	editor = {Hajer, Maarten A. and Wagenaar, Hendrik},
	month = may,
	year = {2003},
	note = {Google-Books-ID: k8mVZYSrchQC},
	keywords = {Political Science / General, Political Science / Public Policy / Economic Policy, Social Science / Sociology / General},
}









@book{fischer_reframing_2003,
	address = {NY},
	title = {Reframing {Public} {Policy}: {Discursive} {Politics} and {Deliberative} {Practices}},
	isbn = {978-0-19-152936-8},
	shorttitle = {Reframing {Public} {Policy}},
	abstract = {In recent years a set of radical new approaches to public policy has been developing. These approaches, drawing on discursive analysis and participatory deliberative practices, have come to challenge the dominant technocratic, empiricist models in policy analysis. In his major new book Frank Fischer brings together this new work for the first time and critically examines it. In an accessible way he describes the theoretical, methodological, and political requirements and implications of the new "post-empiricist" approach to public policy. The volume includes a discussion of the social construction of policy problems, the role of interpretation and narrative analysis in policy inquiry, the dialectics of policy argumentation, and the uses of participatory policy analysis. The book will be required reading for anyone studying, researching, or formulating public policy.},
	language = {en},
	publisher = {Oxford University Press},
	author = {Fischer, Frank},
	month = jun,
	year = {2003},
	note = {Google-Books-ID: yR0dZ42TjgUC},
	keywords = {Business \& Economics / Industries / General, Political Science / History \& Theory, Political Science / Public Policy / General, Social Science / Sociology / General},
}









@book{fischer_democracy_2009,
	address = {NY},
	title = {Democracy and {Expertise}: {Reorienting} {Policy} {Inquiry}},
	isbn = {978-0-19-956524-5},
	shorttitle = {Democracy and {Expertise}},
	abstract = {This book explores the role of policy expertise in a democratic society. From the perspectives of political science and policy theory, the chapters examine the implications of deliberative democratic governance for professional expertise and extends them to specific policy practices. Following the earlier lead of John Dewey, the discussion focuses in particular on the ways professional practices might be reoriented to assist citizens in understanding and discussing the complex policy issues of an advanced technological society. In doing so, it also explores how public deliberation can be improved through more cooperative forms of policy inquiry.  Adopting a deliberative-analytic approach to policy inquiry, grounded in a postempiricist, constructivist understanding of inquiry and knowledge and the participatory practices that support such an approach, the chapters draw on thriving theoretical and practical work dedicated to revitalizing the citizen's role in both civil society and newer practices of democratic governance-in particular deliberative democracy, practical work with deliberative experiments, the theory and practices of democratic governance, and participatory research. Deliberative practices are promoted here as a new component part of policy-related disciplines required for participatory governance. Calling for a specialization of "policy epistemics" to advance such practices, the second half of the book takes up issues related to deliberative empowerment, including the relation of technical and social knowledge, the interpretive dimensions of social meaning and multiple realities, the role of narrative knowledge and storylines, policy inquiry, social learning, tacit knowledge, the design of discursive spaces, and the place of emotional expression in public deliberation.},
	language = {en},
	publisher = {Oxford University Press},
	author = {Fischer, Frank},
	year = {2009},
	note = {Google-Books-ID: Dem4OAAACAAJ},
	keywords = {Political Science / General, Political Science / History \& Theory, Political Science / Political Ideologies / Democracy, Political Science / Public Affairs \& Administration, Political Science / Public Policy / General, Social Science / Sociology / General},
}









@book{gusfield_culture_1981,
	address = {Chicago, IL},
	title = {The {Culture} of {Public} {Problems}: {Drinking}-{Driving} and the {Symbolic} {Order}},
	isbn = {978-0-226-31094-7},
	shorttitle = {The {Culture} of {Public} {Problems}},
	abstract = {"Everyone knows 'drunk driving' is a 'serious' offense. And yet, everyone knows lots of 'drunk drivers' who don't get involved in accidents, don't get caught by the police, and manage to compensate adequately for their 'drunken disability.' Everyone also knows of 'drunk drivers' who have been arrested and gotten off easy. Gusfield's book dissects the conventional wisdom about 'drinking-driving' and examines the paradox of a 'serious' offense that is usually treated lightly by the judiciary and rarely carries social stigma."—Mac Marshall, Social Science and Medicine  "A sophisticated and thoughtful critic. . . . Gusfield argues that the 'myth of the killer drunk' is a creation of the 'public culture of law.' . . . Through its dramatic development and condemnation of the anti-social character of the drinking-driver, the public law strengthens the illusion of moral consensus in American society and celebrates the virtues of a sober and orderly world."—James D. Orcutt, Sociology and Social Research  "Joseph Gusfield denies neither the role of alcohol in highway accidents nor the need to do something about it. His point is that the research we conduct on drinking-driving and the laws we make to inhibit it tells us more about our moral order than about the effects of drinking-driving itself. Many will object to this conclusion, but none can ignore it. Indeed, the book will put many scientific and legal experts on the defensive as they face Gusfield's massive erudition, pointed analysis and criticism, and powerful argumentation. In The Culture of Public Problems, Gusfield presents the experts, and us, with a masterpiece of sociological reasoning."—Barry Schwartz, American Journal of Sociology  This book is truly an outstanding achievement. . . . It is sociology of science, sociology of law, sociology of deviance, and sociology of knowledge. Sociologists generally should find the book of great theoretical interest, and it should stimulate personal reflection on their assumptions about science and the kind of consciousness it creates. They will also find that the book is a delight to read."—William B. Bankston, Social Forces},
	language = {en},
	publisher = {University of Chicago Press},
	author = {Gusfield, Joseph R.},
	year = {1981},
	note = {Google-Books-ID: vKf6MkWMdaQC},
	keywords = {Family \& Relationships / General, Language Arts \& Disciplines / Communication Studies, Political Science / American Government / General, Social Science / Anthropology / General, Social Science / General, Social Science / Research},
}









@incollection{forester_critical_1987,
	address = {Cambridge, MA},
	title = {Critical evaluation of public policy},
	isbn = {978-0-262-56042-9},
	abstract = {Jorgen Habermas's critical communications theory of society has excited widespread interest in recent years. The essays in this book explore the research implications of Habermas's theory for the analysis of modern problems of public life. Spanning the spectrum of the social sciences, the essays relate critical theory to industrial policy under advanced capitalism, education, the mass media and consumerism, public participation in planning, policy analysis, and critical historical studies.John Forester is Associate Professor of City and Regional Planning at Cornell University. Critical Theory and Public Life is included in the series Studies in Contemporary German Social Thought, edited by Thomas McCarthy.},
	language = {en},
	booktitle = {Critical {Theory} and {Public} {Life}},
	publisher = {MIT Press},
	author = {Fischer, Frank},
	editor = {Forester, John},
	year = {1987},
	note = {Google-Books-ID: SSwFrp9fm1cC},
	keywords = {Philosophy / General, Philosophy / History \& Surveys / Modern, Social Science / General},
	pages = {231--57},
}









@incollection{ortony_generative_1993,
	address = {United Kingdom},
	title = {Generative metaphor},
	isbn = {978-0-521-40561-4},
	abstract = {Metaphor and Thought reflects the surge of interest in and research into the nature and function of metaphor in language and thought. Philosophers, psychologists, linguists, and educators raise serious questions about the viability of the traditional distinction between the literal and the metaphorical, discussing problems ranging from the definition of metaphor to its role in language acquistion, learning, scientific thinking, and the creation of social policy. In the second edition, the contributors have updated their original essays to reflect changes in their fields. The volume also includes six new chapters that present important and influential new ideas about metaphor that have appeared in such fields as the philosophy of language and the philosophy of science, linguistics, cognitive and clinical psychology, education, and artificial intelligence. The book will serve as an excellent graduate-level textbook in cognitive psychology, linguistics, and artificial intelligence.},
	language = {en},
	booktitle = {Metaphor and {Thought}},
	publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
	author = {Schon, Donald A.},
	editor = {Ortony, Andrew},
	month = nov,
	year = {1993},
	note = {Google-Books-ID: QiJRvuXA\_VcC},
	keywords = {Language Arts \& Disciplines / General, Philosophy / Logic, Psychology / Cognitive Psychology \& Cognition, Psychology / General},
	pages = {254--283},
}









@incollection{weiss_problem_1977,
	address = {Lexington, MA},
	title = {Problem setting in policy research},
	isbn = {978-0-669-00498-4},
	language = {en},
	booktitle = {Using {Social} {Research} in {Public} {Policy} {Making}},
	publisher = {Lexington Books},
	author = {Rein, Martin and Schon, Donald A.},
	editor = {Weiss, Carol H.},
	year = {1977},
	note = {Google-Books-ID: OcN8AAAAIAAJ},
	keywords = {Political Science / General, Social Science / General, Social Science / Sociology / General},
}









@book{edelman_political_2013,
	address = {United States},
	title = {Political {Language}: {Words} {That} {Succeed} and {Policies} {That} {Fail}},
	isbn = {978-1-4832-6980-1},
	shorttitle = {Political {Language}},
	abstract = {Political Language: Words That Succeed and Policies That Fail deals with chronic inequalities of a smaller portion of the population getting more. The book discusses the persistence of poverty and greater inequalities in a democratic society such as the United States. The text reviews the chronic problems and the various beliefs found in American society, and also notes the general acceptance of the large differences in the quality of life of the people, which includes political power and autonomy. The book then defines perception of the political spectator and explains the linguistic generation of assumptions (taking for granted), linguistic reconstruction of facts (cover-ups), and the linguistic segmentation of politics (distinct from ordinary world). The text then emphasizes the language of inquiry, of authority, of participation, and of resistance as leading to free inquiry and experimentation or political loyalty. The selection can prove beneficial for political students, economists, educators, sociologists, and members of ministerial affairs related to population and economics.},
	language = {en},
	publisher = {Elsevier Science},
	author = {Edelman, Murray},
	month = sep,
	year = {2013},
	note = {Google-Books-ID: NyCLBQAAQBAJ},
	keywords = {Political Science / American Government / General, Political Science / American Government / National, Political Science / Essays, Political Science / Reference, Social Science / Anthropology / General},
}









@book{dallmayr_understanding_1977,
	address = {Notre Dame: IN},
	title = {Understanding and {Social} {Inquiry}},
	isbn = {978-0-268-01913-6},
	language = {en},
	publisher = {University of Notre Dame Press},
	editor = {Dallmayr, Fred Reinhard and McCarthy, Thomas A.},
	year = {1977},
	note = {Google-Books-ID: YG59zgEACAAJ},
	keywords = {Social Science / Research, Social Science / Sociology / General},
}









@article{gusfield_literary_1976,
	title = {The {Literary} {Rhetoric} of {Science}: {Comedy} and {Pathos} in {Drinking} {Driver} {Research}},
	volume = {41},
	issn = {0003-1224},
	shorttitle = {The {Literary} {Rhetoric} of {Science}},
	url = {https://www.jstor.org/stable/2094370},
	doi = {10.2307/2094370},
	abstract = {This paper is part of a larger study of how knowledge is used in strategies for the solution of public issues. I examine research papers on the issue of drinking and driving, treating the scientific document as a literary, artistic product. Principles of literary criticism, utilized in the analysis of narrative, drama and poetry are applied to the presentation of research to show how statements of fact are given scientific legitimacy and how the literary formulation transfers such statements into rhetorical prescriptions for action. Theorizing and conclusion-making are shown to involve presentational devices of literary selection and language which confer policy implications upon them.},
	number = {1},
	urldate = {2024-08-13},
	journal = {American Sociological Review},
	author = {Gusfield, Joseph},
	year = {1976},
	note = {Publisher: [American Sociological Association, Sage Publications, Inc.]},
	pages = {16--34},
}









@book{gusfield_literary_1976,
	title = {The {Literary} {Rhetoric} of {Science}: {Comedy} and {Pathos} in {Drinking} {Driver} {Research}},
	shorttitle = {The {Literary} {Rhetoric} of {Science}},
	language = {en},
	author = {Gusfield, J.},
	year = {1976},
	note = {Google-Books-ID: F11OngEACAAJ},
}









@book{rein_social_1976,
	address = {NY},
	title = {Social {Science} and {Public} {Policy}},
	isbn = {978-0-14-080367-9},
	abstract = {Monograph on the need for critical evaluation of value systems underlying the relationship between social research and social policy - discusses obstacles to the contribution of empirical research and social theory regarding policy formulation, equal opportunity in context with social stratification and social mobility, etc., and uses the health services field as an example of the problem. References.},
	language = {en},
	publisher = {Penguin Books},
	author = {Rein, Martin},
	year = {1976},
	note = {Google-Books-ID: wr6CAAAAIAAJ},
	keywords = {Political Science / General, Social Science / General},
}









@book{fay_social_2014,
	address = {United Kingdom},
	title = {Social {Theory} and {Political} {Practice}},
	isbn = {978-1-317-65229-8},
	abstract = {This book examines the question of how our knowledge of social life affects, and ought to affect, our way of living it. In so doing, it critically discusses two epistemological models of social science – the positivist and the interpretive – from the viewpoint of the political theories which, it is argued, are implicit in these models; moreover, it proposes a third model – the critical – which is organised around an explicit account of the relation between social theory and practical life. The book has the special merit of being a good overview of the principal current ideas about the relation between social theory and political practice, as well as an attempt at providing a new and more satisfactory account of this relationship. To accomplish this task, it synthesises work from the analytic philosophy of social science with that of the neo-Marxism of the Frankfurt school.},
	language = {en},
	publisher = {Taylor \& Francis},
	author = {Fay, Brian},
	month = aug,
	year = {2014},
	note = {Google-Books-ID: vqFeBAAAQBAJ},
	keywords = {Social Science / Sociology / General},
}









@book{edelman_politics_2013,
	title = {Politics as {Symbolic} {Action}: {Mass} {Arousal} and {Quiescence}},
	isbn = {978-1-4832-6990-0},
	shorttitle = {Politics as {Symbolic} {Action}},
	abstract = {Politics as Symbolic Action: Mass Arousal and Quiescence deals with the dynamics of development of political threats related to political behavior. The book discusses the conditions under which the dynamics related to political behavior are the prior causes of political arousal, violence, and quiescence. The text examines the influence of governmental activity on people's beliefs and perceptions—how non-empirical cognitions become the resistant basis of change. The text also examines how the individual phenomenon and the group phenomenon become linked through symbol formation and myths. The book discusses emotion as a catalyst of political ritual and political violence as inferred from Theodore Sarbin's role theory. The use of metaphors, language forms, and mass tensions can all be social-psychological and political processes that can lead to political arousal or quiescence. The book also explains major violent disturbances as having patterns reflective of organization, disorganization, or by leadership example; the book notes the popular notion that the organization or the leader's direction starts or worsens the violence as very simplistic. The book then proposes that political perceptions and beliefs are changeable and that phenomenological perceptions of specific groups of people can identify which political behavior are systematic. The text is suitable for political analysts, political scientists, sociologists, and educators involved in group psychology and analyses.},
	language = {en},
	publisher = {Elsevier Science},
	author = {Edelman, Murray},
	month = sep,
	year = {2013},
	keywords = {Social Science / Anthropology / General, Social Science / Regional Studies, Social Science / Sociology / General},
}









@book{edelman_symbolic_1985,
	address = {Urbana},
	title = {The {Symbolic} {Uses} of {Politics}},
	isbn = {978-0-252-01202-0},
	abstract = {The symbolic manifestations, purposes, and uses of politics are revealed in this provocative analysis of the institution of politics and man as a political animal.  Unlike the conventional study of politics that deals with how people get the things they want through government, this book concentrates on how politics influence what they want, what they fear, and what they regard as possible. In examining politics as a symbolic form, it looks at man and politics as reflections of each other.},
	language = {en},
	publisher = {University of Illinois Press},
	author = {Edelman, Murray Jacob},
	year = {1985},
	note = {Google-Books-ID: h163WQZ\_Ma8C},
	keywords = {Philosophy / Political, Political Science / History \& Theory, Psychology / Social Psychology, Reference / Signs \& Symbols, Social Science / Sociology / Social Theory},
}









@book{denhardt_theories_2011,
	address = {Belmont, CA},
	edition = {5},
	title = {Theories of {Public} {Organization}},
	isbn = {978-1-4390-8625-4},
	url = {https://books.google.ch/books?id=iykoQQAACAAJ},
	publisher = {Wadsworth/Cengage Learning},
	author = {Denhardt, R.B.},
	year = {2011},
	lccn = {2009943654},
}





@incollection{jun_understanding_2012,
	address = {Albany, NY},
	title = {Understanding action, praxis, and change},
	isbn = {978-0-7914-8189-9},
	abstract = {In this conceptual guided tour of contemporary public administration, Jong S. Jun challenges the limitations of the discipline which, he argues, make it inadequate for understanding today's complex human phenomena. Drawing on examples and case studies from both Eastern and Western countries, he emphasizes critical and interpretive perspectives as a counterforce to the instrumental-technical rationality that reduces the field to structural and functionalist views of management. He also emphasizes the idea of democratic social construction to transcend the field's reliance on conventional pluralist politics. Jun stresses that public administrators and institutions must create opportunities for sharing and learning among organizational members and must facilitate interactive processes between public administrators and citizens so that the latter can voice their problems and opinions. The future role of public administrators will be to transcend the limitations of the management and governing of modern public administration and to explore ways of constructing socially meaningful alternatives through communicative action and the participation of citizens.},
	language = {en},
	booktitle = {The {Social} {Construction} of {Public} {Administration}: {Interpretive} and {Critical} {Perspectives}},
	publisher = {State University of New York Press},
	author = {Jun, Jong S.},
	month = feb,
	year = {2012},
	note = {Google-Books-ID: 0KCjeUvCcQEC},
	keywords = {Political Science / Public Affairs \& Administration, Social Science / Methodology},
	pages = {Ch 6},
}









@book{white_talking_2001,
	address = {Washington, DC},
	title = {Talking {Language} {Seriously}: {The} {Narraative} {Foundations} of {Public} {Administration} {Research}},
	isbn = {978-0-87840-878-8},
	shorttitle = {Talking {Language} {Seriously}},
	abstract = {The logic of research in public administration, argues Jay D. White, may be more like that of storytelling than of conventional social science research. In Taking Language Seriously, he examines the linguistic, discursive, and narrative foundations of public administration research and develops a narrative theory of knowledge development and use for the field. White builds his case for this narrative theory by showing how research on complex problems is grounded in language and discourse. He then explains how a variety of recent developments in philosophy and the humanities--positivism, postpositivism, hermeneutics, critical and legal theory, postmodernism, and poststructuralism--can contribute to our understanding of public administration research. Focusing on the logical structures of three modes of research--explanatory, interpretive, and critical--White shows how each is equally legitimate, depending on the nature of the research questions. This comprehensive yet clear discussion of the philosophical foundations of research in public administration advances an alternative theory of knowledge development that will be valuable for everyone in fields seeking to affect social, political, economic, and organizational change.},
	language = {en},
	publisher = {Georgetown University Press},
	author = {White, Jay D.},
	month = dec,
	year = {2001},
	note = {Google-Books-ID: s47BzgEACAAJ},
	keywords = {Political Science / Public Affairs \& Administration},
}









@book{stivers_bureau_2000,
	address = {Lawrence, KN},
	title = {Bureau {Men}, {Settlement} {Women}: {Constructing} {Public} {Administration} in the {Progressive} {Era}},
	isbn = {978-0-7006-1021-1},
	shorttitle = {Bureau {Men}, {Settlement} {Women}},
	abstract = {During the first two decades of the twentieth century in cities across America, both men and women struggled for urban reform but in distinctively different ways. Adhering to gender roles of the time, men working for independent research bureaus sought to apply scientific and business practices to corrupt city governments, while women in the settlement house movement labored to improve the lives of the urban poor by testing new services and then getting governments to adopt them.  Although the two intertwined at first, the contributions of these "settlement women" to the development of the administrative state have been largely lost as the new field of public administration evolved from the research bureaus and diverged from social work. Camilla Stivers now shows how public administration came to be dominated not just by science and business but also by masculinity, calling into question much that is taken for granted about the profession and creating an alternative vision of public service.  Bureau Men, Settlement Women offers a rare look at the early intellectual history of public administration and is the only book to examine the subject from a gender perspective. It recovers the forgotten contributions of women-their engagement in public life, concern about the proper aims of government, and commitment to citizenship and community-to show that they were ultimately more successful than their male counterparts in enlarging the work and moral scope of government.  Stivers's study helps explain public administration's long-standing "identity crisis" by showing why the separation of male and female roles restricted public administration to an unnecessary instrumentalism. It also provides the most detailed examination in half a century of the New York Bureau of Municipal Research and its role in the development of twentieth-century public administration.  By reconsidering the origins of the field and calling for a new sense of purpose in public service, Stivers suggests that public administrators need not rigidly emulate business practices but should instead strive to improve the ways in which they deal with people. Her well-researched critique will help students and professionals better understand their calling and challenge them to reconsider how they think about, educate for, and perform government service.},
	language = {en},
	publisher = {University Press of Kansas},
	author = {Stivers, Camilla},
	year = {2000},
	note = {Google-Books-ID: TYmOAAAAMAAJ},
	keywords = {Business \& Economics / Industries / General, History / Women, Political Science / American Government / General, Political Science / Political Ideologies / Conservatism \& Liberalism, Political Science / Political Ideologies / General, Political Science / Public Affairs \& Administration, Social Science / Gender Studies, Social Science / Women's Studies, Technology \& Engineering / Acoustics \& Sound},
}









@book{adams_unmasking_1998,
	address = {Thousand Oaks, CA},
	title = {Unmasking {Administrative} {Evil}},
	isbn = {978-1-5063-1888-2},
	abstract = {Unmasking Administrative Evil discusses the overlooked relationship between evil and public administration, as well as other fields and professions in public life. The authors argue that the tendency toward administrative evil, as manifested in acts of dehumanization and genocide, is deeply woven into the identity of public administration, as well as other fields and professions in public life. The common characteristic of administrative evil is that ordinary people within their normal professional and administrative roles can engage in acts of evil without being aware that they are doing anything wrong. Under conditions of moral inversion, people may even view their evil activity as good. In an age when "bureaucrat bashing" is fashionable, this book seeks to move beyond such superficial critiques and lay the groundwork for a more ethical and democratic public life, one that recognizes its potential for evil and thereby creates greater possibilities for avoiding the hidden pathways that lead to state-sponsored dehumanization and destruction. Although social scientists generally do not discuss "evil" in an academic setting, there is no denying that it has existed in public administration throughout history. Hundreds of millions of human beings have died as a direct or indirect consequence of state-sponsored violence. This book argues that administrative evil, or destructiveness, is part of the identity of all modern public administration (as it is part of psychoanalytic study at the individual level). Furthermore, evil has been largely suppressed or ignored despite, or perhaps because of, its profound and far-reaching implications for the field. From the Holocaust to the "white lie," evil exists on a continuum, and the way along that continuum begins on the proverbial "slippery slope." We prefer to think of horrible eruptions of evil, such as Adolf Hitler, as occurring at a particular historical moment and within specific extraordinary cultural contexts. Yet, we have a long history in the United States of public lynchings, syphilis/radiation/LSD experiments within our military, and police brutality in our cities while public administrators have looked on, even participated. The Holocaust was such a massive administrative undertaking, we must consider whether modern public administration may be at its most effective and efficient when it is engaged in programs of dehumanization and destruction.  Constructing a positive future for public administration requires a willingness to deal with the disturbing aspects of the field′s history, identity, and practices. Rather than viewing events such as genocide as isolated or aberrant historical events, the authors show how the forces that unleashed such events are part of modernity and are thus present in all contemporary public organizations. This book is not an exercise in bureaucrat-bashing. It goes beyond superficial critique of public affairs and lays the groundwork for building a more effective and humane profession.},
	language = {en},
	publisher = {SAGE Publications},
	author = {Adams, Guy B. and Balfour, Danny L.},
	month = may,
	year = {1998},
	note = {Google-Books-ID: 0d\_aCQAAQBAJ},
	keywords = {Political Science / General, Political Science / Public Affairs \& Administration},
}









@book{mcswite_legitimacy_1997,
	address = {Thousand Oaks, CA},
	title = {Legitimacy in {Public} {Administration}: {A} {Discourse} {Analysis}},
	isbn = {978-0-7619-0274-4},
	shorttitle = {Legitimacy in {Public} {Administration}},
	abstract = {In this "postmodern, end-of-the-century" moment, the question of what role public administration can legitimately play in a democratic society has deepened and taken on increased urgency. At the same time the movement toward global marketization has gained enormous momentum, traditional prejudices and racial and ethnic violence have appeared with a renewed virulence, presenting unprecedented challenges to democratic governments. Legitimacy in Public Administration reveals how the issue of administrative legitimacy is directly implicated, indeed central, to this broader issue. It argues that legitimacy hinges at the generic level on the question of alterityùhow to regard and relate to "different others." This book reviews the history of the legitimacy issue in the literature of American public administration with the purpose of demonstrating that this discourse has been distorted by an underlying and undisclosed commitment to an elitist "Man of Reason" model of the public administratorÆs role. Current attempts to reformulate administration to meet the challenge of new conditions will fail, the author argues, because they have not escaped the grip of this implicit distortion. Legitimacy in Public Administration includes a challenging concluding chapter that uses insights from gender theory and demonstrates the connection between the legitimacy question and the critical problem of alterity. The author also offers a new way to fundamentally reframe the legitimacy question, so as not only to help the field of public administration resolve it, but to show how this resolution can create a new understanding of the problem of racial and ethnic prejudice.},
	language = {en},
	publisher = {SAGE Publications},
	author = {McSwite, O. C.},
	month = jul,
	year = {1997},
	note = {Google-Books-ID: d4M2D5MVCKkC},
	keywords = {Language Arts \& Disciplines / Linguistics / Semantics, Political Science / General, Political Science / Public Affairs \& Administration},
}













@article{yanow_interpretive_2003,
	title = {Interpretive empirical political science: {What} makes this not a subfield of qualitative methods},
	volume = {1},
	shorttitle = {Interpretive empirical political science},
	url = {https://zenodo.org/records/998761},
	doi = {10.5281/zenodo.998761},
	abstract = {The new section on Qualitative Methods draws attention to the fact that "Political Methodology," as the "old" methods section is called, does not encompass the whole range of research methods available to and used by scholars doing political research.  And yet some researchers feel that "qualitative" methodology itself does not capture the full range of non-quantitative methods used by political science researchers.  This was especially clear in the treatment of "qualitative methods" by several of the articles in the premiere issue of the newsletter:  they did not reflect the character of the work that is increasingly being subsumed under the heading "interpretive research methods."  It seems appropriate, then, to delineate what interpretive research entails by contrasting it with qualitative methods.},
	number = {2},
	urldate = {2024-08-13},
	journal = {Qualitative \& Multi-Method Research},
	author = {Yanow, Dvora},
	month = sep,
	year = {2003},
	keywords = {qualitative methods},
	pages = {9--13},
}





@book{wolf_refounding_1996,
	address = {Thousand Oaks, CA},
	title = {Refounding {Democratic} {Public} {Administration}: {Modern} {Paradoxes}, {Postmodern} {Challenges}},
	isbn = {978-1-4522-6504-9},
	shorttitle = {Refounding {Democratic} {Public} {Administration}},
	abstract = {The American political system is undergoing a serious governmental crisis--our political leaders know only how to campaign, not how to gain consensus on goals or direct a course that is for the good of the nation. Continuing research that began over a decade ago with Gary L. Wamsley′s Refounding Public Administration, this informative new volume continues the argument that public administration is at the center of the governance process and is therefore forced to compensate for the growing inadequacy of our leaders. Refounding Democratic Public Administration offers a revisualization of the relationship between public servants and the citizens they serve, as well as a continuing discourse on how public administration can constructively balance forces of change and stability in order for democracy to evolve and mature. This eye-opening volume will be required reading for students and professionals in public administration, political science, and management/organization studies.},
	language = {en},
	publisher = {SAGE Publications},
	editor = {Wolf, James F. and Wamsley, Gary L.},
	month = may,
	year = {1996},
	note = {Google-Books-ID: 7cF1AwAAQBAJ},
	keywords = {Political Science / Public Affairs \& Administration, Political Science / Public Policy / General},
}









@incollection{fox_growing_1995,
	address = {Thousand Oaks, CA},
	title = {The growing gap between words and deeds: {Postmodern} symbolic politics},
	isbn = {978-0-8039-5802-9},
	abstract = {Charles J Fox and Hugh T Miller challenge current thinking about public policy and administration in the light of the postmodern condition. In this book  existing and accepted theories such as public management doctrines, constitutionalism and communitarianism are rejected in favour of constructing a discourse theory of public administration. The book also provides an invaluable, thorough and clear review of the doctrines and philosophies that have to date dominated the field.},
	language = {en},
	booktitle = {Postmodern {Public} {Administration}: {Toward} {Discourse}},
	publisher = {SAGE Publications},
	author = {Fox, Charles J. and Miller, Hugh T.},
	year = {1995},
	note = {Google-Books-ID: 6jmGAAAAMAAJ},
	keywords = {Education / Educational Psychology, Language Arts \& Disciplines / Linguistics / Semantics, Political Science / General, Political Science / Public Affairs \& Administration},
	pages = {42--72},
}









@book{harmon_responsibility_1995,
	address = {Thousand Oaks, CA},
	title = {Responsibility as {Paradox}: {A} {Critique} of {Rational} {Discourse} on {Government}},
	isbn = {978-0-8039-7008-3},
	shorttitle = {Responsibility as {Paradox}},
	abstract = {Exploring the concept of responsible government and administration, this book creates a new paradigm for looking at the issue. Michael M Harmon rejects the current predominant `rationalist' theory, which holds that responsibility involves an intractable conflict between the potential free will of an actor and the restrictions of the institution within which the actor operates. He suggests that public administration must undergo a paradigm shift in which institutional restrictions and individual free will create a healthy and dynamic tension and are not completely incompatible.},
	language = {en},
	publisher = {SAGE Publications},
	author = {Harmon, Michael M.},
	month = may,
	year = {1995},
	keywords = {Medical / General, Political Science / General, Political Science / History \& Theory, Political Science / Public Affairs \& Administration},
}









@book{diamond_unconscious_1993,
	address = {Westport,  CT,  US},
	series = {The unconscious life of organizations:  {Interpreting} organizational identity.},
	title = {The unconscious life of organizations:  {Interpreting} organizational identity.},
	isbn = {0-89930-833-3 (Hardcover)},
	abstract = {This book offers a contemporary psychodynamic view of organizational life. [The author] stresses the unconscious dimensions of hierarchic and other work relationships in organizations. From these relationships, he argues, come not only organizational cultures but also organizational identities. The book transcends the common technical rational approach to organizational behavior by isolating and then analyzing the nonrational side of organizational experience. Diamond illustrates how different characteristics of organizational life emerge from the dynamics of shared and projected emotions between leaders and followers, managers and subordinates, and among workers.  This book offers the organizational theorist and consultant a variety of psychodynamic tools to apply in understanding and positively changing organizations. [It] will be of interest to organizational development consultants, human resource professionals, organizational theorists and researchers, organizational psychologists and psychodynamically oriented social and behavioral scientists, and psychologically informed managers and executives. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)},
	publisher = {Quorum Books/Greenwood Publishing Group},
	author = {Diamond, Michael A.},
	year = {1993},
	note = {Pages: xiv, 251},
	keywords = {*Organizational Behavior, *Organizational Climate, *Unconscious (Personality Factor), Employee Interaction, Psychoanalytic Interpretation, Psychodynamics},
}









@article{schmidt_grout_1993,
	title = {Grout: {Alternative} {Kinds} of {Knowledge} and {Why} {They} {Are} {Ignored}},
	volume = {53},
	issn = {0033-3352},
	shorttitle = {Grout},
	url = {https://www.jstor.org/stable/977362},
	doi = {10.2307/977362},
	abstract = {What can managers learn from lowly workers and ordinary people? Beginning with a story of a dam that failed, Mary Schmidt describes four alternative kinds of knowledge that differ from the mainstream concept of scientific knowledge. Referring to these types of knowledge as "a feel for the hole," "intimate knowledge," "passive/critical knowledge," and "a feel for the whole," Schmidt argues that science, engineering, and bureaucratic institutions, under a common model of reality, often ignore and suppress these insightful kinds of knowledge. Examples from biological science and ideas from organizational theory suggest a richer model of nature and of man-made reality and a broader concept of rationality in decision making. She concludes with general characteristics of such knowledge and an application to public administration.},
	number = {6},
	urldate = {2024-08-13},
	journal = {Public Administration Review},
	author = {Schmidt, Mary R.},
	year = {1993},
	note = {Publisher: [American Society for Public Administration, Wiley]},
	pages = {525--530},
}





@book{stivers_gender_2002,
	address = {Newbury Park, CA},
	edition = {2},
	title = {Gender {Images} in {Public} {Administration}: {Legitimacy} and the {Administrative} {State}},
	shorttitle = {Gender {Images} in {Public} {Administration}},
	url = {https://sk.sagepub.com/books/gender-images-in-public-administration-2e},
	urldate = {2024-08-13},
	publisher = {SAGE Publications, Inc.},
	author = {Stivers, Camilla},
	year = {2002},
	doi = {10.4135/9781452229294},
	keywords = {administration, administration theory, administrative state, administrators, public administration, public image, virtues},
}









@article{yanow_supermarkets_1992,
	title = {Supermarkets and {Culture} {Clash}: {The} {Epistemological} {Role} of {Metaphors} in {Administrative} {Practice}},
	volume = {22},
	issn = {0275-0740},
	shorttitle = {Supermarkets and {Culture} {Clash}},
	url = {https://doi.org/10.1177/027507409202200202},
	doi = {10.1177/027507409202200202},
	abstract = {Metaphor analysis traditionally treats its subject as a figure of speech, that is, a purely literary device that can be replaced by literal language. However, recent work suggests that metaphors should be thought of as figures of thought strongly based in cognition; they thus imply action. This article examines a particular organizational metaphor that founders created and members used to form an organization. Tacitly known, the metaphor shaped building design; program offerings; management, staff, and client behaviors; and evaluation criteria. But it also fueled conflict with one subdivision of the organization whose professional practice was not in keeping with the actions the metaphor suggested. The case example, then, illustrates a metaphor that was both a help and a hindrence in shaping organizational action.Although metaphors may clarify and confuse at the same time, it is not clear that we can eliminate this pitfall by substituting literal language or other metaphors. This article argues that organizational metaphors are not merely decorations or unclear thought, but are cognitively grounded and cannot be replaced without changing the way people think about and understand the nature and mission of their organization. The article addresses the argument that metaphors should be explicit and suggests some concerns this position raises.},
	language = {en},
	number = {2},
	urldate = {2024-08-13},
	journal = {The American Review of Public Administration},
	author = {Yanow, Dvora},
	month = jun,
	year = {1992},
	note = {Publisher: SAGE Publications Inc},
	pages = {89--109},
}





@article{white_taking_1992,
	title = {Taking {Language} {Seriously}: {Toward} a {Narrative} {Theory} of {Knowledge} for {Administrative} {Research}},
	volume = {22},
	issn = {0275-0740},
	shorttitle = {Taking {Language} {Seriously}},
	url = {https://doi.org/10.1177/027507409202200201},
	doi = {10.1177/027507409202200201},
	language = {en},
	number = {2},
	urldate = {2024-08-13},
	journal = {The American Review of Public Administration},
	author = {White, Jay D.},
	month = jun,
	year = {1992},
	note = {Publisher: SAGE Publications Inc},
	pages = {75--88},
}





@book{ingersoll_tacit_1992,
	address = {Greenwich, CT},
	title = {The {Tacit} {Organization}},
	isbn = {978-1-55938-297-7},
	abstract = {Part of a series which provides contemporary studies on applied behavioural science, this volume focuses on the tacit organization. Topics include metapattern in the culture of organizations; the managerial metamyth in children's literature; and the symbolic approach to the study of organizations.},
	language = {en},
	publisher = {JAI Press},
	author = {Ingersoll, Virginia Hill and Adams, Guy B.},
	year = {1992},
	note = {Google-Books-ID: HK23AAAAIAAJ},
	keywords = {Business \& Economics / Negotiating, Business \& Economics / Organizational Behavior},
}









@article{hummel_stories_1991,
	title = {Stories {Managers} {Tell}: {Why} {They} {Are} as {Valid} as {Science}},
	volume = {51},
	issn = {0033-3352},
	shorttitle = {Stories {Managers} {Tell}},
	url = {https://www.jstor.org/stable/976634},
	doi = {10.2307/976634},
	abstract = {Is the knowledge base of public administration too unscientific? In response to critics who argue it is, Ralph Hummel offers a defense of the way public sector managers acquire and use knowledge. In contrast to those who contend that public administration needs to generate and use knowledge based on "objectivity" and "pure reason," Hummel contends that the way managers interpret their world-"story-telling"-is a valid means for producing and accumulating knowledge. He argues that this source of knowledge is as credible for scholars and students of public administration as it is for practitioners.},
	number = {1},
	urldate = {2024-08-13},
	journal = {Public Administration Review},
	author = {Hummel, Ralph P.},
	year = {1991},
	note = {Publisher: [American Society for Public Administration, Wiley]},
	pages = {31--41},
}





@incollection{white_phoenix_1990,
	address = {Newbury Park, CA},
	title = {The {Phoenix} {Project}: {Raising} a {New} {Image} of {Public} {Administration} from the {Ashes} of the {Past}},
	volume = {22},
	shorttitle = {The {Phoenix} {Project}},
	url = {https://doi.org/10.1177/009539979002200101},
	abstract = {Social theory seems to be moving toward what Charles Perrow has called the "garbage can paradigm" of deconstructionism, while at the social level, the trend seems to be toward a technicist social order of hyperrelativism. By building on the school of public administration which the article identifies as the traditionalist, the field can raise a renewed image of public administration that can serve as a protection against the potentially destructive consequences of technicism.},
	language = {en},
	urldate = {2024-08-13},
	booktitle = {Images and identities in public administration},
	publisher = {SAGE},
	author = {White, Orion F. and McSwain, Cynthia J.},
	editor = {Kass, Henry D. and Catron, Bayard L.},
	month = may,
	year = {1990},
	note = {Publisher: SAGE Publications Inc},
	pages = {3--38},
}





@book{goodsell_social_1988,
	title = {The {Social} {Meaning} of {Civic} {Space}: {Studying} {Political} {Authority} {Through} {Architecture}},
	isbn = {978-0-7006-0347-3},
	shorttitle = {The {Social} {Meaning} of {Civic} {Space}},
	language = {en},
	publisher = {University Press of Kansas},
	author = {Goodsell, Charles T.},
	year = {1988},
	note = {Google-Books-ID: FGOFAAAAMAAJ},
	keywords = {Architecture / Buildings / Public, Commercial \& Industrial, Architecture / General, Law / Land Use, Political Science / General},
}









@book{fischer_critical_1994,
	address = {Philadelphia, PA},
	title = {Critical {Studies} in {Organization} and {Bureaucracy}},
	isbn = {978-1-56639-122-1},
	url = {https://books.google.ch/books/about/Critical_Studies_in_Organization_and_Bur.html?id=v8Vzk3YqA9gC&redir_esc=y},
	language = {en},
	publisher = {Temple University Press},
	author = {Fischer, Frank and Sirianni, Carmen},
	year = {1994},
	note = {Google-Books-ID: v8Vzk3YqA9gC},
	keywords = {Business \& Economics / General, Business \& Economics / Labor / General, Business \& Economics / Negotiating, Business \& Economics / Organizational Development},
}









@book{ferguson_feminist_1984,
	address = {Philadelphia, PA},
	title = {The {Feminist} {Case} {Against} {Bureaucracy}},
	isbn = {978-0-87722-400-6},
	url = {https://books.google.ch/books/about/The_Feminist_Case_Against_Bureaucracy.html?id=sBtH2NO3IMwC&redir_esc=y#:~:text=The%20author%20sees%20bureaucrats%20and,example%20%2D%2D%20are%20not%20enough.},
	abstract = {"Like it or not, all of us who live in modern society are organization men and women. We tend to be caught in the traditional patterns of dominance and subordination. This book is both pessimistic and hopeful. With devastating thoroughness, the author shows how pervasive these patterns of relationship are in our work lives and personal lives, and how deep they run -- into the very language of the organization and of ordinary life. This is not a book about how women can succeed in business, but a criticism of books like those success manuals and notions like that idea of success. The author sees bureaucrats and clients as the 'second sex'. To fit in properly, they just learn the skills necessary to cope with subordinate status, skills that women have always learned as part of their 'femininity'. Liberal reforms -- placing more women in management positions, for example -- are not enough. What is required is the emergence of an alternative voice, one grounded in the experience and perceptions of women, that will challenge the patterns of control found in every aspect of modern life. Public discourse today is not the language of women even when women speak it. In this brilliant synthesis of the feminist literature and the literature on organizational theory and practice, the author suggests how a feminist discourse could interject into public debate a reformulation of the basic political questions of power, reason, and organization and thereby legitimate a concern of both autonomy and community. In the face of the massive incursions of bureaucracy into daily life, this is an important contribution to the project of human liberation."--Publisher description.},
	language = {en},
	publisher = {Temple University Press},
	author = {Ferguson, Kathy E.},
	year = {1984},
	note = {Google-Books-ID: sBtH2NO3IMwC},
	keywords = {Business \& Economics / General, Business \& Economics / Organizational Behavior, Political Science / General, Political Science / Public Policy / General, Social Science / Feminism \& Feminist Theory},
}









@incollection{morgan_critical_1983,
	title = {Critical {Theory} and {Organizational} {Analysis}},
	isbn = {978-0-8039-2078-1},
	abstract = {Research is often seen as a neutral, technical process through which researchers simply reveal or discover knowledge. A broader and more self-reflective stance is advocated in Beyond Method, one in which a knowledge of technique needs to be complemented by an appreciation of the nature of research as a distinctively human process, through which researchers make knowledge. Such an appreciation requires a reframing of understanding and debate about research, in a way that goes beyond considerations of method alone.},
	language = {en},
	booktitle = {Beyond {Method}: {Strategies} for {Social} {Research}},
	publisher = {SAGE},
	author = {Forester, John},
	editor = {Morgan, Gareth},
	month = may,
	year = {1983},
	note = {Google-Books-ID: ffy1Z7xUQ\_wC},
	keywords = {Reference / Research, Social Science / Research},
	pages = {Ch. 15},
}









@article{denhardt_toward_1981,
	title = {Toward a {Critical} {Theory} of {Public} {Organization}},
	volume = {41},
	issn = {0033-3352},
	url = {https://www.jstor.org/stable/975738},
	doi = {10.2307/975738},
	number = {6},
	urldate = {2024-08-13},
	journal = {Public Administration Review},
	author = {Denhardt, Robert B.},
	year = {1981},
	note = {Publisher: [American Society for Public Administration, Wiley]},
	pages = {628--635},
}





@book{lipsky_street-level_2010,
	address = {New York, NY},
	title = {Street-{Level} {Bureaucracy}, 30th {Anniversary} {Edition}: {Dilemmas} of the {Individual} in {Public} {Service}},
	isbn = {978-1-61044-663-1},
	shorttitle = {Street-{Level} {Bureaucracy}, 30th {Anniversary} {Edition}},
	url = {https://www.russellsage.org/publications/street-level-bureaucracy},
	abstract = {First published in 1980, Street-Level Bureaucracy received critical acclaim for its insightful study of how public service workers, in effect, function as policy decision makers, as they wield their considerable discretion in the day-to-day implementation of public programs. Three decades later, the need to bolster the availability and effectiveness of healthcare, social services, education, and law enforcement is as urgent as ever. In this thirtieth anniversary expanded edition, Michael Lipsky revisits the territory he mapped out in the first edition to reflect on significant policy developments over the last several decades. Despite the difficulties of managing these front-line workers, he shows how street-level bureaucracies can be and regularly are brought into line with public purposes. Street-level bureaucrats—from teachers and police officers to social workers and legal-aid lawyers—interact directly with the public and so represent the frontlines of government policy. In Street-Level Bureaucracy, Lipsky argues that these relatively low-level public service employees labor under huge caseloads, ambiguous agency goals, and inadequate resources. When combined with substantial discretionary authority and the requirement to interpret policy on a case-by-case basis, the difference between government policy in theory and policy in practice can be substantial and troubling. The core dilemma of street-level bureaucrats is that they are supposed to help people or make decisions about them on the basis of individual cases, yet the structure of their jobs makes this impossible. Instead, they are forced to adopt practices such as rationing resources, screening applicants for qualities their organizations favor, "rubberstamping" applications, and routinizing client interactions by imposing the uniformities of mass processing on situations requiring human responsiveness. Occasionally, such strategies work out in favor of the client. But the cumulative effect of street-level decisions made on the basis of routines and simplifications about clients can reroute the intended direction of policy, undermining citizens' expectations of evenhanded treatment. This seminal, award-winning study tells a cautionary tale of how decisions made by overburdened workers translate into ad-hoc policy adaptations that impact peoples' lives and life opportunities. Lipsky maintains, however, that these problems are not insurmountable. Over the years, public managers have developed ways to bring street-level performance more in line with agency goals. This expanded edition of Street-Level Bureaucracy underscores that, despite its challenging nature, street-level work can be made to conform to higher expectations of public service.},
	language = {en},
	publisher = {Russell Sage Foundation},
	author = {Lipsky, Michael},
	month = apr,
	year = {2010},
	keywords = {Business \& Economics / Economics / Microeconomics, Political Science / General, Political Science / Public Policy / General},
}









@book{hummel_bureaucratic_2014,
	address = {New York, NY},
	title = {The {Bureaucratic} {Experience}: {The} {Post}-{Modern} {Challenge}: {The} {Post}-{Modern} {Challenge}},
	isbn = {978-1-317-45815-9},
	shorttitle = {The {Bureaucratic} {Experience}},
	abstract = {Everyone has trouble with bureaucracy. Citizens and politicians have trouble controlling the runaway bureaucratic machine. Managers have trouble managing it. Employees dislike working in it. Clients can't get the goods from it. Teachers have difficulty getting a grip on it. Optimists argue that soon all of this will be fixed. The new Fifth Edition of Ralph P. Hummel's classic text maintains just the opposite - that despite all the current rhetoric from proponents of total quality management, corporate reengineering, and the new public management, it's still "business as usual" for bureaucracies. The persistent reality of organizational structure remains resilient in the face of feel-good trends and values. For this edition the book has been thoroughly revised and updated, with two key changes: each of the six core chapters has been trimmed and edited to consolidate and streamline the important organizational theory developments since the book's initial publication; and, each chapter contains newly added critiques of the postmodern theory of modern organizations, pursuing the theme that postmodernism covers up the persistent reality of organizational structure.},
	language = {en},
	publisher = {Routledge},
	author = {Hummel, Ralph P.},
	month = dec,
	year = {2014},
	note = {Google-Books-ID: Ks7fBQAAQBAJ},
	keywords = {Business \& Economics / Development / Economic Development, Business \& Economics / General},
}









@book{marini_toward_1971,
	address = {Scranton},
	title = {Toward a {New} {Public} {Administration}: {The} {Minnowbrook} {Perspective}},
	isbn = {978-0-8102-0390-7},
	shorttitle = {Toward a {New} {Public} {Administration}},
	language = {en},
	publisher = {Chandler Publishing Company},
	author = {Marini, Frank},
	year = {1971},
	note = {Google-Books-ID: jVEWAAAAIAAJ},
	keywords = {Political Science / Public Affairs \& Administration},
}









@book{hiley_interpretive_2019,
	address = {Ithaca, NY},
	title = {The {Interpretive} {Turn}: {Philosophy}, {Science}, {Culture}},
	copyright = {De Gruyter expressly reserves the right to use all content for commercial text and data mining within the meaning of Section 44b of the German Copyright Act.},
	isbn = {978-1-5017-3502-8},
	shorttitle = {The {Interpretive} {Turn}},
	url = {https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.7591/9781501735028/html?lang=en},
	abstract = {This wide-ranging and provocative book responds to a debate that is radically changing the relationships between the humanities, social sciences, and natural sciences. Many now agree that foundationalism in philosophy and positivism in science have been overturned, and that philosophy, having found that its "linguistic turn" led to a dead end, must now take an "interpretive turn." In philosophy, the sciences, and such diverse fields as anthropology, law, and social history, the turn to interpretation has challenged many fundamental assumptions, forcing scholars to contest the status of knowledge claims. Are interpretations true? Is interpretation universal? How can interpretive claims be justified rationally? Fifteen new essays representing both preeminent thinkers in these debates and notable younger scholars here explore such questions. Individual essays address aspects of the relationship between the human and the natural sciences, epistemological and normative issues in interpretation, and key topics in a variety of disciplines.},
	language = {en},
	urldate = {2024-08-13},
	publisher = {Cornell University Press},
	author = {Hiley, David and Bohman, James and Shusterman, Richard},
	month = apr,
	year = {2019},
	doi = {10.7591/9781501735028},
	keywords = {General Science, Philosophy},
}









@book{polkinghorne_narrative_1988,
	address = {Albany, NY},
	title = {Narrative {Knowing} and the {Human} {Sciences}},
	isbn = {978-0-88706-622-1},
	abstract = {This book expands the concept of the nature of science and provides a practical research alternative for those who work with people and organizations.  Using literary criticism, philosophy, and history, as well as recent developments in the cognitive and social sciences, Narrative Knowing and the Human Sciences shows how to use research information organized by the narrative form--such information as clinical life histories, organizational case studies, biographic material, corporate cultural designs, and literary products. The relationship between the narrative format and classical and statistical and experimental designs is clarified and made explicit. Suggestions for doing research are given as well as criteria for judging the accuracy and quality of narrative research results.},
	language = {en},
	publisher = {SUNY Press},
	author = {Polkinghorne, Donald},
	month = jan,
	year = {1988},
	note = {Google-Books-ID: 7HXn29yaDeoC},
	keywords = {Language Arts \& Disciplines / Rhetoric},
}













@book{mccloskey_rhetoric_1998,
	title = {The {Rhetoric} of {Economics}},
	isbn = {978-0-299-15813-2},
	abstract = {A classic in its field, this pathbreaking book humanized the scientific rhetoric of economics to reveal its literary soul. Economics needs to admit that it, like other sciences, works with metaphors and stories. Its most mathematical and statistical moments are properly dominated by comparison and narration, that is to say, human persuasion. The book was McCloskey's opening move in the development of a "humanomics," and unification of the sciences and the humanities on the field of ordinary business life.},
	language = {en},
	publisher = {Univ of Wisconsin Press},
	author = {McCloskey, Deirdre N.},
	month = may,
	year = {1998},
	note = {Google-Books-ID: RDwsPG2KmXYC},
	keywords = {Business \& Economics / General, Social Science / General},
}









@book{polkinghorne_methodology_1983,
	address = {Albany, NY},
	title = {Methodology for the {Human} {Sciences}: {Systems} of {Inquiry}},
	isbn = {978-0-87395-663-5},
	shorttitle = {Methodology for the {Human} {Sciences}},
	abstract = {Methodology for the Human Sciences addresses the growing need for a comprehensive textbook that surveys the emerging body of literature on human science research and clearly describes procedures and methods for carrying out new research strategies. It provides an overview of developing methods, describes their commonalities and variations, and contains practical information on how to implement strategies in the field. In it, Donald Polkinghorne calls for a renewal of debate over which methods are appropriate for the study of human beings, proposing that the results of the extensive changes in the philosophy of science since 1960 call for a reexamination of the original issues of this debate.  The book traces the history of the deliberations from Mill and Dilthey to Hempel and logical positivism, examines recently developed systems of inquiry and their importance for the human sciences, and relates these systems to the practical problems of doing research on topics related to human experience. It discusses historical realism, systems and structures, phenomenology and hermeneutics, action theory, and the implications recent systems have for a revised human science methodology.},
	language = {en},
	publisher = {SUNY Press},
	author = {Polkinghorne, Donald},
	month = jan,
	year = {1983},
	note = {Google-Books-ID: IfBW4IA2zREC},
	keywords = {Science / Research \& Methodology},
}













@book{bernstein_beyond_1983,
	address = {Philadelphia, PA},
	title = {Beyond {Objectivism} and {Relativism}: {Science}, {Hermeneutics}, and {Praxis}},
	isbn = {978-0-8122-1165-8},
	shorttitle = {Beyond {Objectivism} and {Relativism}},
	abstract = {Drawing freely and expertly from Continental and analytic traditions, Richard Bernstein examines a number of debates and controversies exemplified in the works of Gadamer, Habermas, Rorty, and Arendt. He argues that a "new conversation" is emerging about human rationality—a new understanding that emphasizes its practical character and has important ramifications both for thought and action.},
	language = {en},
	publisher = {University of Pennsylvania Press},
	author = {Bernstein, Richard},
	year = {1983},
	note = {Google-Books-ID: WHs4xL9RsY4C},
	keywords = {Philosophy / Epistemology, Philosophy / General, Philosophy / Hermeneutics, Philosophy / History \& Surveys / Modern, Philosophy / Metaphysics, Religion / Religion \& Science},
}













@book{lakoff_metaphors_2003,
	address = {Chicago, IL},
	title = {Metaphors {We} {Live} {By}},
	isbn = {978-0-226-46801-3},
	url = {https://press.uchicago.edu/ucp/books/book/chicago/M/bo3637992.html},
	abstract = {The now-classic Metaphors We Live By changed our understanding of metaphor and its role in language and the mind. Metaphor, the authors explain, is a fundamental mechanism of mind, one that allows us to use what we know about our physical and social experience to provide understanding of countless other subjects. Because such metaphors structure our most basic understandings of our experience, they are "metaphors we live by"—metaphors that can shape our perceptions and actions without our ever noticing them.In this updated edition of Lakoff and Johnson’s influential book, the authors supply an afterword surveying how their theory of metaphor has developed within the cognitive sciences to become central to the contemporary understanding of how we think and how we express our thoughts in language.},
	language = {en},
	urldate = {2024-08-13},
	publisher = {University of Chicago Press},
	author = {Lakoff, George and Johnson, Mark},
	editor = {Afterword, With a new},
	month = apr,
	year = {2003},
	keywords = {categories, categorization, causation, cognition, concepts, culture, dehumanizing, experience, influence, language, linguistics, marginalization, metaphor, metonymy, nonfiction, objectivism, patterns, perception, personification, philosophy, politics, reality, similarity, sociology, subconscious, subjectivism, truth, understanding},
}









@book{fish_is_1980,
	title = {Is {There} a {Text} in {This} {Class}?: {The} {Authority} of {Interpretive} {Communities}},
	isbn = {978-0-674-46726-2},
	shorttitle = {Is {There} a {Text} in {This} {Class}?},
	abstract = {Stanley Fish is one of America’s most stimulating literary theorists. In this book, he undertakes a profound reexamination of some of criticism’s most basic assumptions. He penetrates to the core of the modern debate about interpretation, explodes numerous misleading formulations, and offers a stunning proposal for a new way of thinking about the way we read.Fish begins by examining the relation between a reader and a text, arguing against the formalist belief that the text alone is the basic, knowable, neutral, and unchanging component of literary experience. But in arguing for the right of the reader to interpret and in effect create the literary work, he skillfully avoids the old trap of subjectivity. To claim that each reader essentially participates in the making of a poem or novel is not, he shows, an invitation to unchecked subjectivity and to the endless proliferation of competing interpretations. For each reader approaches a literary work not as an isolated individual but as part of a community of readers. “Indeed,” he writes, “it is interpretive communities, rather than either the text or reader, that produce meanings.”The book is developmental, not static. Fish at all times reveals the evolutionary aspect of his work—the manner in which he has assumed new positions, altered them, and then moved on. Previously published essays are introduced by headnotes which relate them to the central notion of interpretive communities as it emerges in the final chapters. In the course of refining his theory, Fish includes rather than excludes the thinking of other critics and shows how often they agree with him, even when he and they may appear to be most dramatically at odds. Engaging, lucid, provocative, this book will immediately find its place among the seminal works of modern literary criticism.},
	language = {en},
	publisher = {Harvard University Press},
	author = {Fish, Stanley},
	year = {1980},
	note = {Google-Books-ID: bYBso1t4ylcC},
	keywords = {Education / General, Literary Criticism / General, Literary Criticism / Semiotics \& Theory},
}





@book{rabinow_interpretive_1988,
	address = {Berkley},
	title = {Interpretive {Social} {Science}: {A} {Second} {Look}},
	copyright = {Available worldwide},
	isbn = {978-0-520-05838-5},
	shorttitle = {Interpretive {Social} {Science}},
	url = {https://www.ucpress.edu/book/9780520058385/interpretive-social-science},
	abstract = {This is a new edition of the well-received Interpretive Social Science (California, 1979), in which Paul Rabinow and William M. Sullivan predicted the increasing use of an interpretive approach in the social sciences, one that would replace a model based on the natural sciences. In this volume, Rabinow and Sullivan provide a synthetic discussion of the new scholarship in this area and offer twelve essays, eight of them new, embodying the very best work on interpretive approaches to the study of human society.},
	language = {en},
	urldate = {2024-08-13},
	publisher = {University of California Press},
	editor = {Rabinow, Paul and Sullivan, William M.},
	month = may,
	year = {1988},
}





@book{burrell_sociological_2017,
	address = {London, UK},
	title = {Sociological {Paradigms} and {Organisational} {Analysis} : {Elements} of the {Sociology} of {Corporate} {Life}},
	isbn = {978-1-315-24280-4},
	shorttitle = {Sociological {Paradigms} and {Organisational} {Analysis}},
	url = {https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/mono/10.4324/9781315242804/sociological-paradigms-organisational-analysis-gibson-burrell-gareth-morgan},
	abstract = {The authors argue in this book that social theory can usefully be conceived in terms of four broad paradigms, based upon different sets of meta-theoretical assumptions with regard to the nature of social science and the nature of society. The four paradigms - Functionalist, Interpretive, Radical Humanist and Radical Structuralist - derive from quite distinct intellectual traditions, and present four mutually exclusive views of the social work. Each stands in its own right, and generates its own distinctive approach to the analysis of social life. The authors provide extensive reviews of the four paradigms, tracing the evolution and inter-relationships between the various sociological schools of thought within each. They then proceed to relate theories of organisation to this wider background. This book covers a great range of intellectual territory. It makes a number of important contributions to our understanding of sociology and organisational analysis, and will prove an invaluable guide to theorists, researchers and students in a variety of social science disciplines. It stands as a discourse in social theory, drawing upon the general area of organisation studies - industrial sociology, organisation theory, organisational psychology, and industrial relations - as a means of illustrating more general sociological themes. In addition to reviewing and evaluating existing work, it provides a framework for appraising future developments in the area of organisational analysis, and suggests the form which some of these developments are likely to take.},
	language = {en},
	urldate = {2024-08-13},
	publisher = {Routledge},
	author = {Burrell, Gibson and Morgan, Gareth},
	month = mar,
	year = {2017},
	doi = {10.4324/9781315242804},
}













@book{rorty_philosophy_2008,
	title = {Philosophy and the {Mirror} of {Nature}: {Thirtieth}-{Anniversary} {Edition}},
	copyright = {De Gruyter expressly reserves the right to use all content for commercial text and data mining within the meaning of Section 44b of the German Copyright Act.},
	isbn = {978-1-4008-3306-1},
	shorttitle = {Philosophy and the {Mirror} of {Nature}},
	url = {https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/9781400833061/html?lang=en},
	abstract = {When it first appeared in 1979, Philosophy and the Mirror of Nature hit the philosophical world like a bombshell. In it, Richard Rorty argued that, beginning in the seventeenth century, philosophers developed an unhealthy obsession with the notion of representation: comparing the mind to a mirror that reflects reality. Rorty's book is a powerful critique of this imagery and the tradition of thought that it spawned. Today, the book remains a must-read and stands as a classic of twentieth-century philosophy. Its influence on the academy, both within philosophy and across a wide array of disciplines, continues unabated. This edition includes new essays by philosopher Michael Williams and literary scholar David Bromwich, as well as Rorty's previously unpublished essay "The Philosopher as Expert."},
	language = {en},
	urldate = {2024-08-13},
	publisher = {Princeton University Press},
	author = {Rorty, Richard},
	month = dec,
	year = {2008},
	doi = {10.1515/9781400833061},
	keywords = {Analytic philosophy, Analytic–synthetic distinction, Behaviorism, Causality, Certainty, Concept, Consciousness, Criticism, Critique, Dualism (philosophy of mind), Edmund Husserl, Empirical psychology, Empiricism, Epistemology, Ethics, Existence, Explanation, Historicism, Holism, Hypothesis, Idealism, Inference, Inquiry, Intentionality, Kantianism, Language-game (philosophy), Logical positivism, Martin Heidegger, Materialism, Metaphor, Michael Oakeshott, Modern philosophy, Morality, Objectivity (philosophy), Phenomenon, Philosopher, Philosophical analysis, Philosophy, Philosophy of language, Philosophy of mind, Philosophy of science, Physicalism, Polemic, Positivism, Pragmatism, Prediction, Premise, Principle, Privileged access, Qualia, Rationalism, Rationality, Reality, Reason, Relativism, Rorty, Scientist, Skepticism, Subjectivism, Suggestion, The Concept of Mind, The Philosopher, Theory, Theory of justification, Theory of knowledge (IB course), Thought, Understanding, Vocabulary, Wilfrid Sellars, Writing},
}





@article{brown_social_1976,
	title = {Social {Theory} as {Metaphor}: {On} the {Logic} of {Discovery} for the {Sciences} of {Conduct}},
	volume = {3},
	issn = {0304-2421},
	shorttitle = {Social {Theory} as {Metaphor}},
	url = {https://www.jstor.org/stable/656845},
	number = {2},
	urldate = {2024-08-13},
	journal = {Theory and Society},
	author = {Brown, Richard H.},
	year = {1976},
	note = {Publisher: Springer},
	pages = {169--197},
}









@book{bernstein_restructuring_1978,
	title = {The {Restructuring} of {Social} and {Political} {Theory}},
	isbn = {978-0-8122-7742-5},
	abstract = {In this volume, Bernstein forsees and outlines the development of a social theory that is at once empirical, interpretive, and critical.},
	language = {en},
	publisher = {University of Pennsylvania Press},
	author = {Bernstein, Richard J.},
	month = mar,
	year = {1978},
	note = {Google-Books-ID: RBpy\_\_WzpdAC},
	keywords = {Philosophy / Political, Political Science / History \& Theory, Social Science / General, Social Science / Methodology},
}





@book{geertz_interpretation_1973,
	title = {The {Interpretation} {Of} {Cultures}},
	isbn = {978-0-465-09719-7},
	url = {https://books.google.ch/books/about/The_Interpretation_Of_Cultures.html?id=BZ1BmKEHti0C&redir_esc=y},
	abstract = {One of the twentieth century's most influential books, this classic work of anthropology offers a groundbreaking exploration of what culture isWith The Interpretation of Cultures, the distinguished anthropologist Clifford Geertz developed the concept of thick description, and in so doing, he virtually rewrote the rules of his field. Culture, Geertz argues, does not drive human behavior. Rather, it is a web of symbols that can help us better understand what that behavior means. A thick description explains not only the behavior, but the context in which it occurs, and to describe something thickly, Geertz argues, is the fundamental role of the anthropologist.Named one of the 100 most important books published since World War II by the Times Literary Supplement, The Interpretation of Cultures transformed how we think about others' cultures and our own. This definitive edition, with a foreword by Robert Darnton, remains an essential book for anthropologists, historians, and anyone else seeking to better understand human cultures.},
	language = {en},
	publisher = {Basic Books},
	author = {Geertz, Clifford},
	year = {1973},
	note = {Google-Books-ID: BZ1BmKEHti0C},
	keywords = {History / Historiography, Literary Criticism / Semiotics \& Theory, Philosophy / Hermeneutics, Social Science / Anthropology / Cultural \& Social, Social Science / Anthropology / General, Social Science / Sociology / General},
}













@article{taylor_interpretation_1971,
	title = {Interpretation and the {Sciences} of {Man}},
	volume = {25},
	number = {1},
	journal = {Review of Metaphysics},
	author = {Taylor, Charles},
	year = {1971},
	note = {Publisher: Philosophy Education Society},
	pages = {3--51},
}





@article{ricoeur_model_1973,
	title = {The {Model} of the {Text}: {Meaningful} {Action} {Considered} as a {Text}},
	volume = {5},
	issn = {0028-6087},
	shorttitle = {The {Model} of the {Text}},
	url = {https://www.jstor.org/stable/468410},
	doi = {10.2307/468410},
	number = {1},
	urldate = {2024-08-13},
	journal = {New Literary History},
	author = {Ricœur, Paul},
	year = {1973},
	note = {Publisher: Johns Hopkins University Press},
	pages = {91--117},
}





@book{kuhn_structure_1970,
	address = {Chicago},
	title = {The {Structure} of {Scientific} {Revolutions}},
	isbn = {978-0-226-45814-4},
	abstract = {“One of the most influential books of the 20th century,” the landmark study in the history of science with a new introduction by philosopher Ian Hacking (Guardian, UK).First published in 1962, Thomas Kuhn’s The Structure of Scientific Revolutions ”reshaped our understanding of the scientific enterprise and human inquiry in general.” In it, he challenged long-standing assumptions about scientific progress, arguing that transformative ideas don’t arise from the gradual process of experimentation and data accumulation, but instead occur outside of “normal science.” Though Kuhn was writing when physics ruled the sciences, his ideas on how scientific revolutions bring order to the anomalies that amass over time in research experiments are still instructive in today’s biotech age (Science).This new edition of Kuhn’s essential work includes an insightful introduction by Ian Hacking, which clarifies terms popularized by Kuhn, including “paradigm” and “incommensurability,” and applies Kuhn’s ideas to the science of today. Usefully keyed to the separate sections of the book, Hacking’s introduction provides important background information as well as a contemporary context. This newly designed edition also includes an expanded and updated index.},
	language = {en},
	publisher = {University of Chicago Press},
	author = {Kuhn, Thomas S.},
	year = {1970},
	note = {Google-Books-ID: 3eP5Y\_OOuzwC},
	keywords = {Science / General, Science / History, Science / Philosophy \& Social Aspects},
}













@book{polanyi_tacit_2009,
	address = {Chicago, IL},
	title = {The {Tacit} {Dimension}},
	isbn = {978-0-226-67298-4},
	url = {https://press.uchicago.edu/ucp/books/book/chicago/T/bo6035368.html},
	abstract = {“I shall reconsider human knowledge by starting from the fact that we can know more than we can tell,” writes Michael Polanyi, whose work paved the way for the likes of Thomas Kuhn and Karl Popper. The Tacit Dimension argues that tacit knowledge—tradition, inherited practices, implied values, and prejudgments—is a crucial part of scientific knowledge. Back in print for a new generation of students and scholars, this volume challenges the assumption that skepticism, rather than established belief, lies at the heart of scientific discovery.“Polanyi’s work deserves serious attention. . . . [This is a] compact presentation of some of the essentials of his thought.”—Review of Metaphysics“Polanyi’s work is still relevant today and a closer examination of this theory that all knowledge has personal and tacit elements . . . can be used to support and refute a variety of widely held approaches to knowledge management.”—Electronic Journal of Knowledge"The reissuing of this remarkable book give us a new opportunity to see how far-reaching—and foundational—Michael Polanyi’s ideas are, on some of the age-old questions in philosophy."—Amartya Sen, from the new Foreword},
	language = {en},
	urldate = {2024-08-13},
	publisher = {University of Chicago Press},
	author = {Polanyi, Michael},
	editor = {Sen, Amartya},
	month = may,
	year = {2009},
}





@book{berger_social_1991,
	title = {The {Social} {Construction} of {Reality}: {A} {Treatise} in the {Sociology} of {Knowledge}},
	isbn = {978-0-14-193163-0},
	shorttitle = {The {Social} {Construction} of {Reality}},
	abstract = {A general and systematic account of the role of knowledge in society aimed to stimulate both critical discussion and empirical investigations.This book is concerned with the sociology of ‘everything that passes for knowledge in society’. It focuses particularly on that ‘common-sense knowledge’ which constitutes the reality of everyday life for the ordinary member of society.The authors are concerned to present an analysis of knowledge in everyday life in the context of a theory of society as a dialectical process between objective and subjective reality. Their development of a theory of institutions, legitimations and socializations has implications beyond the discipline of sociology, and their ‘humanistic’ approach has considerable relevance for other social scientists, historians, philosophers and anthropologists.},
	language = {en},
	publisher = {Penguin UK},
	author = {Berger, Peter L. and Luckmann, Thomas},
	month = mar,
	year = {1991},
	note = {Google-Books-ID: rGg9mT\_JNIEC},
	keywords = {Philosophy / Epistemology, Social Science / Sociology / General},
}









@article{noauthor_symposium_2009,
	title = {Symposium: {Teaching} {Interpretive} {Methods}},
	volume = {7},
	abstract = {Newsletter of the American Political Science Association Organized Section for Qualitative and Multi-Method Research},
	number = {1},
	journal = {Qualitative \& Multi-Method Research},
	year = {2009},
}





@book{bliesemann_de_guevara_myth_2016,
	address = {London, UK},
	title = {Myth and {Narrative} in {International} {Politics}: {Interpretive} {Approaches} to the {Study} of {IR}},
	isbn = {978-1-137-53751-5},
	shorttitle = {Myth and {Narrative} in {International} {Politics}},
	abstract = {This book systematically explores how different theoretical concepts of myth can be utilised to interpretively explore contemporary international politics. From the international community to warlords, from participation to effectiveness – international politics is replete with powerful narratives and commonly held beliefs that qualify as myths. Rebutting the understanding of myth-as-lie, this collection of essays unearths the ideological, naturalising, and depoliticising effect of myths. Myth and Narrative in International Politics:  Interpretive Approaches to the Study of IR offers conceptual and methodological guidance on how to make sense of different myth theories and how to employ them in order to explore the powerful collective imaginations and ambiguities that underpin international politics today. Further, it assembles case studies of specific myths in different fields of International Relations, including warfare, global governance, interventionism, development aid, and statebuilding. The findings challenge conventional assumptions in International Relations, encouraging academics in IR and across a range of different fields and disciplines, including development studies, global governance studies, strategic and military studies, intervention and statebuilding studies, and peace and conflict studies, to rethink ideas that are widely unquestioned by policy and academic communities.},
	language = {en},
	publisher = {Palgrave Macmillan UK},
	author = {Bliesemann de Guevara, Berit},
	month = jun,
	year = {2016},
	note = {Google-Books-ID: tSlxjwEACAAJ},
	keywords = {Political Science / Intergovernmental Organizations, Political Science / International Relations / General, Political Science / Peace, Political Science / Public Policy / Military Policy, Technology \& Engineering / Military Science},
}









@article{forrest_steven_2021,
	title = {Steven {Lubet}’s {American} dilemma},
	volume = {9},
	issn = {2156-5503},
	url = {https://doi.org/10.1080/21565503.2021.1962373},
	doi = {10.1080/21565503.2021.1962373},
	abstract = {This essay examines the ideological underpinnings of Steven Lubet’s Interrogating Ethnography. I argue that Lubet’s text draws from an ideological tradition best exemplified by An American Dilemma, Gunnar Myrdal’s influential 1944 study of U.S. race relations. This tradition posits the notion of an enduring and egalitarian American Creed, which ensures that the United States’ liberal-democratic institutions are fundamentally decent and fair in principle. I show how an unsubstantiated belief in the American Creed informs Lubet’s claims about contemporary ethnographic research and, in doing so, limits the usefulness of his text. Ultimately, I conclude, Interrogating Ethnography epitomizes the ways in which troublesome ideological frameworks continue to shape debates about social science methodology.},
	number = {4},
	urldate = {2024-08-12},
	journal = {Politics, Groups, and Identities},
	author = {Forrest, David},
	month = aug,
	year = {2021},
	note = {Publisher: Routledge
\_eprint: https://doi.org/10.1080/21565503.2021.1962373},
	keywords = {American creed, Gunnar Myrdal, Steven Lubet, urban ethnography},
	pages = {866--872},
}









@article{yanow_trying_2021,
	title = {Trying {Lubet}'s ethnography: {On} methodology, writing, and ethics},
	volume = {9},
	issn = {2156-5503},
	shorttitle = {Trying {Lubet}'s ethnography},
	url = {https://doi.org/10.1080/21565503.2021.1963993},
	doi = {10.1080/21565503.2021.1963993},
	number = {4},
	urldate = {2024-08-12},
	journal = {Politics, Groups, and Identities},
	author = {Yanow, Dvora},
	month = aug,
	year = {2021},
	note = {Publisher: Routledge
\_eprint: https://doi.org/10.1080/21565503.2021.1963993},
	pages = {858--865},
}









@article{shesterinina_sources_2021,
	title = {Sources of evidence and openness in field-intensive research on violent conflict},
	volume = {9},
	issn = {2156-5503},
	url = {https://doi.org/10.1080/21565503.2021.1950015},
	doi = {10.1080/21565503.2021.1950015},
	abstract = {This article engages with Steven Lubet’s arguments in Interrogating Ethnography on reliability of evidence and replication of findings in ethnographic research. It draws on eight months of immersive fieldwork on Abkhaz mobilization in the Georgian-Abkhaz war of 1992–1993 to show that field-intensive researchers who work on sensitive political topics leverage multiple sources to develop their insights and engage in reflexivity while prioritizing the safety of their research participants. It is these practices that underlie the trustworthiness of research and form the basis for the evaluation of research results rather than verification standards proposed by Lubet that do not, and cannot, apply to this kind of research.},
	number = {4},
	urldate = {2024-08-12},
	journal = {Politics, Groups, and Identities},
	author = {Shesterinina, Anastasia},
	month = aug,
	year = {2021},
	note = {Publisher: Routledge
\_eprint: https://doi.org/10.1080/21565503.2021.1950015},
	keywords = {Ethnographic, methods, political knowledge, political violence},
	pages = {851--857},
}





@article{batt_interpretive_2021,
	title = {Interpretive sufficiency: where evidence in journalism and ethnography meet},
	volume = {9},
	issn = {2156-5503},
	shorttitle = {Interpretive sufficiency},
	url = {https://doi.org/10.1080/21565503.2021.1960868},
	doi = {10.1080/21565503.2021.1960868},
	abstract = {In Interrogating Ethnography, Steven Lubet urges ethnographers to adopt norms of journalism to improve their standards of accuracy and ethics. I examine the purpose and separate evolutions of ethnography and journalism to understand why they have standards of evidence that appear contradictory. The reasons are both epistemological and ethical. The controversies over facts and ethics in Alice Goffman’s book On the Run illustrate this divide. Yet ethnography and journalism both underwent an interpretive turn in the past half-century, each borrowing from the other. In both journalism and ethnography, interpretive approaches embrace the understanding that humans interpret reality and that power relations affect whose knowledge prevails as truth. Professional codes of ethics are negotiated sets of norms that need continual discussion to meet the demands of interpretive approaches. Lubet’s analysis reinforces an outdated mythology that “facts” can be established with clear sets of rules untouched by power and ideologies, but ethnography and long-form journalism point to interpretive sufficiency as a standard more consistent with the realities of complex communities.},
	number = {4},
	urldate = {2024-08-12},
	journal = {Politics, Groups, and Identities},
	author = {Batt, Sharon},
	month = aug,
	year = {2021},
	note = {Publisher: Routledge
\_eprint: https://doi.org/10.1080/21565503.2021.1960868},
	keywords = {Ethnography, accuracy, ethics, interpretive, journalism, standards},
	pages = {841--850},
}





@article{cheesman_reading_2021,
	title = {Reading paperwork realistically},
	volume = {9},
	issn = {2156-5503},
	url = {https://doi.org/10.1080/21565503.2021.1960869},
	doi = {10.1080/21565503.2021.1960869},
	abstract = {According to Steven Lubet, documentation freezes facts in time. For this reason, it is, he thinks, more reliable than other kinds of evidence. That makes it especially useful for fact checking. However, this is not a realistic way to read for evidence in documents. It ignores or downplays a crucial fact that inheres to all paperwork, which ethnographers have long heeded: documents do not report on facts; they render them. Ethnographically informed readings of paperwork that attend both to facts and to how they are rendered are, by contrast, realistic. In this contribution, I discuss why and illustrate with reference to two studies of policing and law in Thailand.},
	number = {4},
	urldate = {2024-08-12},
	journal = {Politics, Groups, and Identities},
	author = {Cheesman, Nick},
	month = aug,
	year = {2021},
	note = {Publisher: Routledge
\_eprint: https://doi.org/10.1080/21565503.2021.1960869},
	keywords = {Steven Lubet, Thailand, ethnography, paperwork, realism, state violence},
	pages = {835--840},
}









@article{yanow_ethnography_2021,
	title = {Ethnography on {Trial}: {Introduction} to the {Dialogue}},
	volume = {9},
	issn = {2156-5503},
	shorttitle = {Ethnography on {Trial}},
	url = {https://doi.org/10.1080/21565503.2021.1963992},
	doi = {10.1080/21565503.2021.1963992},
	number = {4},
	urldate = {2024-08-12},
	journal = {Politics, Groups, and Identities},
	author = {Yanow, Dvora},
	month = aug,
	year = {2021},
	note = {Publisher: Routledge
\_eprint: https://doi.org/10.1080/21565503.2021.1963992},
	pages = {826--834},
}





@book{fujii_killing_2009,
	title = {Killing {Neighbors}: {Webs} of {Violence} in {Rwanda}},
	isbn = {978-0-8014-4705-1},
	url = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.7591/j.ctt7z7s5},
	abstract = {A fine contribution to the literature on the Rwandan genocide and offers a different kind of explanation for what occurred that accommodates the differentiation in actions among Hutu at the local level. This micro-sociological approach is welcome as community level understandings of the
political can be quite different from centralized narratives. It is difficult to imagine a situation in which it is more important to capture both perspectives than the Rwandan genocide. ― Sandra
Joireman ― {\textless}em{\textgreater}Nations and Nationalism{\textless}/em{\textgreater}{\textless}/strong{\textgreater}

In the horrific events of the mid-1990s in Rwanda, tens of
thousands of Hutu killed their Tutsi friends, neighbors, even
family members. That ghastly violence has overshadowed a fact
almost as noteworthy: that hundreds of thousands of Hutu killed no one. In a transformative revisiting of the motives behind and
specific contexts surrounding the Rwandan genocide, Lee Ann Fujii focuses on individual actions rather than sweeping categories.

Fujii argues that ethnic hatred and fear do not satisfactorily
explain the mobilization of Rwandans one against another. Fujii's extensive interviews in Rwandan prisons and two rural communities form the basis for her claim that mass participation in the
genocide was not the result of ethnic antagonisms. Rather, the
social context of action was critical. Strong group dynamics and
established local ties shaped patterns of recruitment for and
participation in the genocide.

This web of social interactions bound people to power holders
and killing groups. People joined and continued to participate in the genocide over time, Fujii shows, because killing in large
groups conferred identity on those who acted destructively. The
perpetrators of the genocide produced new groups centered on
destroying prior bonds by killing kith and kin.

In the horrific events of the mid-1990s in Rwanda, tens of
thousands of Hutu killed their Tutsi friends, neighbors, even
family members. That ghastly violence has overshadowed a fact
almost as noteworthy: that hundreds of thousands of Hutu killed no one. In a transformative revisiting of the motives behind and
specific contexts surrounding the Rwandan genocide, Lee Ann Fujii focuses on individual actions rather than sweeping categories.

Fujii argues that ethnic hatred and fear do not satisfactorily
explain the mobilization of Rwandans one against another. Fujii's extensive interviews in Rwandan prisons and two rural communities form the basis for her claim that mass participation in the
genocide was not the result of ethnic antagonisms. Rather, the
social context of action was critical. Strong group dynamics and
established local ties shaped patterns of recruitment for and
participation in the genocide.

This web of social interactions bound people to power holders
and killing groups. People joined and continued to participate in the genocide over time, Fujii shows, because killing in large
groups conferred identity on those who acted destructively. The
perpetrators of the genocide produced new groups centered on
destroying prior bonds by killing kith and kin.},
	urldate = {2024-08-11},
	publisher = {Cornell University Press},
	author = {Fujii, Lee Ann},
	year = {2009},
}





@article{blanchard_combing_2020,
	title = {Combing the same beach: {Analytic} eclecticism and the challenge of theoretical multilingualism},
	volume = {75},
	issn = {0020-7020},
	shorttitle = {Combing the same beach},
	url = {https://doi.org/10.1177/0020702020960123},
	doi = {10.1177/0020702020960123},
	abstract = {Sil and Katzenstein present analytic eclecticism as a pragmatic, problem-driven, policy-oriented heuristic, posed against the paradigmatism and parsimony inhibiting the study of world politics. I argue that Sil and Katzenstein’s approach is both promising (in that it is one of the more flexible available frameworks to bring separate research traditions into fruitful dialogue) and potentially problematic (if it limits itself to the triad of realism, liberalism, and constructivism). Informed by a recent methodological turn in post-positivist International Relations (IR) and Political Science, this essay takes seriously eclecticism’s commitment to theoretical multilingualism by imagining an eclectic engagement beyond the heuristic’s original purview and calling for eclectic attention to reflexivity, constitutive theorizing, and the dynamics of power and ethics. The article reflects on existing disciplinary power dynamics and disparities and the urgent demand for scholars to more fully contribute to developing effective approaches to real-world threats, such as climate change.},
	language = {en},
	number = {3},
	urldate = {2024-08-12},
	journal = {International Journal},
	author = {Blanchard, Eric M.},
	month = sep,
	year = {2020},
	note = {Publisher: SAGE Publications Ltd},
	pages = {404--419},
}





@incollection{beach_choosing_2019,
	address = {London, UK},
	edition = {2},
	title = {Choosing an {Appropriate} {Research} {Strategy}},
	isbn = {978-1-352-00806-7},
	url = {https://www.bloomsbury.com/us/analyzing-foreign-policy-9781352008067/},
	booktitle = {Analyzing foreign policy},
	publisher = {Bloomsbury Publishing},
	author = {Beach, Derek and Pederson, Rasmus Brun},
	editor = {Beach, Derek},
	year = {2019},
	pages = {35--66},
}













@incollection{jackson_west_2016,
	address = {Armonk, NY},
	title = {The {West} {Is} the {Best}: {Occidentalism} and {Postwar} {German} {Reconstruction}},
	isbn = {978-1-315-29109-3},
	shorttitle = {The {West} {Is} the {Best}},
	url = {https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781315291093-10/west-best-occidentalism-postwar-german-reconstruction-patrick-thaddeus-jackson},
	abstract = {The West Is the Best: Occidentalism and Postwar German Reconstruction - 1},
	language = {en},
	urldate = {2024-08-12},
	booktitle = {Constructivism and {Comparative} {Politics}},
	publisher = {M.E. Sharpe},
	author = {Jackson, Patrick Thaddeus},
	editor = {Green, Daniel M.},
	month = sep,
	year = {2016},
	doi = {10.4324/9781315291093-10},
	pages = {230--264},
}





@article{zetlin_women_2014,
	title = {Women in parliaments in the {Pacific} region},
	volume = {49},
	issn = {1036-1146},
	url = {https://doi.org/10.1080/10361146.2014.895796},
	doi = {10.1080/10361146.2014.895796},
	abstract = {The island states of the Pacific region are at the bottom of the international league table for the representation of women in parliament. Despite considerable efforts by international agencies and donor governments and by women of the region, progress on increasing representation is extraordinarily slow. Three major explanations for these low levels of representation can be identified. The most common explanation relates to cultural beliefs, while a second account locates the problem in women's socio-economic status. The third explanation argues that there are obstacles for women in the electoral and parliamentary institutions that warrant the introduction of legislated minimum representation of women. Each of these explanations contributes value to our understanding but each also has significant deficiencies, which are identified in the article. 就议会的妇女代表性而论，太平洋地区的岛屿国家可谓国际圆桌会议的垫底。尽管有国际机构和捐助国以及该地区女性的坚持不懈，提高妇女代表性的进展格外缓慢。对于这种低水平的代表性可以有三种解释。最常见的解释与文化观念有关，第二种强调妇女的社会经济地位。第三种解释认为，选举以及议会体制中存在一些障碍，使得妇女的代表性在立法上被最小化。三种解释都有助于我们对问题的理解，但它们又都存在着本文所指出的重要缺陷。},
	number = {2},
	urldate = {2024-08-12},
	journal = {Australian Journal of Political Science},
	author = {Zetlin, Diane},
	month = apr,
	year = {2014},
	note = {Publisher: Routledge
\_eprint: https://doi.org/10.1080/10361146.2014.895796},
	keywords = {Pacific islands, gender, parliaments},
	pages = {252--266},
}









@article{yanow_troubled_2016,
	title = {Troubled {Taxonomies} and the {Calculating} {State}: {Everyday} {Categorizing} and “{Race}-{Ethnicity}” - {The} {Netherlands} {Case}},
	volume = {1},
	issn = {2056-6085},
	shorttitle = {Troubled {Taxonomies} and the {Calculating} {State}},
	url = {https://research.wur.nl/en/publications/troubled-taxonomies-and-the-calculating-state-everyday-categorizi},
	doi = {10.1017/rep.2016.7},
	language = {English},
	number = {2},
	urldate = {2024-08-12},
	journal = {The Journal of Race, Ethnicity, and Politics},
	author = {Yanow, D. and Haar, M. van der and Völke, K.},
	year = {2016},
	note = {Publisher: Cambridge University Press},
	pages = {187--226},
}





@incollection{yanow_qualitative-interpretive_2017,
	address = {New York, NY},
	title = {Qualitative-{Interpretive} {Methods} in {Policy} {Research}},
	isbn = {978-1-315-09319-2},
	url = {https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781315093192-41/qualitative-interpretive-methods-policy-research-dvora-yanow},
	abstract = {The use of qualitative methods in policy research is not new. Academic scholars and policy analysts have for some years been venturing out into the “fi eld” as ethnographers or participant-observers to study fi rst-hand the experiences of legislators, implementors, agency clients, community members, and other policy-relevant stakeholders. Others have based qualitative studies on in-depth interviews with various policy actors; and still other studies draw on legislative, agency, and other documents.},
	language = {en},
	urldate = {2024-08-12},
	booktitle = {Handbook of {Public} {Policy} {Analysis}},
	publisher = {Routledge},
	author = {Yanow, Dvora},
	editor = {Fischer, Frank and Miller, Gerald J.},
	month = sep,
	year = {2017},
	doi = {10.4324/9781315093192-41},
	pages = {431--442},
}









@book{yanow_constructing_2003,
	address = {Armonk, NY},
	title = {Constructing {Race} and {Ethnicity} in {America}: {Category}-making in {Public} {Policy} and {Administration}},
	isbn = {978-1-317-47392-3},
	shorttitle = {Constructing {Race} and {Ethnicity} in {America}},
	url = {https://www.routledge.com/Constructing-Race-and-Ethnicity-in-America-Category-making-in-Public-Policy-and-Administration/Yanow/p/book/9780765608017},
	abstract = {What do we mean in the U.S. today when we use the terms "race" and "ethnicity"? What do we mean, and what do we understand, when we use the five standard race-ethnic categories: White, Black, Asian, Native American, and Hispanic? Most federal and state data collection agencies use these terms without explicit attention, and thereby create categories of American ethnicity for political purposes. Davora Yanow argues that "race" and "ethnicity" are socially constructed concepts, not objective, scientifically-grounded variables, and do not accurately represent the real world. She joins the growing critique of the unreflective use of "race" and "ethnicity" in American policymaking through an exploration of how these terms are used in everyday practices. Her book is filled with current examples and analyses from a wealth of social institutions: health care, education, criminal justice, and government at all levels. The questions she raises for society and public policy are endless. Yanow maintains that these issues must be addressed explicitly, publicly, and nationally if we are to make our policy and administrative institutions operate more effectively.},
	language = {en},
	publisher = {M.E. Sharpe},
	author = {Yanow, Dvora},
	year = {2003},
	keywords = {History / Europe / General, Political Science / General, Social Science / Ethnic Studies / General, Social Science / Sociology / General},
}









@article{yanow_american_1996,
	title = {American {Ethnogenesis} and {Public} {Administration}},
	volume = {27},
	issn = {0095-3997},
	url = {https://doi.org/10.1177/009539979602700402},
	doi = {10.1177/009539979602700402},
	abstract = {The categories that we have created in the United States to divide ourselves according to racial and ethnic characteristics are social constructions, not reflections of the natural world and as such are flexible and evolving. Yet we tend to regard and treat them as fixed, stable, scientifically grounded entities. In this way they become the basis for policy decisions and administrative actions. This article explores the characteristics of our current "racethnic" categories through the case example of the 1990 U.S. Census and raises questions about what features we highlight in creating these particular categories and what silences in public discourse are enabled by them The essay concludes with the implications for administrative practices of this public discourse on scientifically perceived "racethnicity" in two areas: the provision of client services and internal workplace diversity.},
	language = {en},
	number = {4},
	urldate = {2024-08-12},
	journal = {Administration \& Society},
	author = {Yanow, Dvora},
	month = feb,
	year = {1996},
	note = {Publisher: SAGE Publications Inc},
	pages = {483--509},
}





@article{wilson_english_2012,
	title = {The {English} {School} {Meets} the {Chicago} {School}: {The} {Case} for a {Grounded} {Theory} of {International} {Institutions1}},
	volume = {14},
	issn = {1521-9488},
	url = {https://doi.org/10.1111/misr.12001},
	doi = {10.1111/misr.12001},
	abstract = {The concept of primary international institutions is a core idea of the English School and central to those scholars from Bull to Buzan who have sought to take it in a more sociological direction. Yet the English School has traditionally found it difficult to define and identify with consistency the institutions of international society. A group of scholars, here called the “new institutionalists,” have recently sought to address this problem by devising tighter definitions and applying them more rigorously. But different understandings and lists of institutions continue to proliferate. The source of the problem is the reliance on “stipulative” definitions, drawn from an increasingly abstract theoretical literature. The problem is compounded by the new institutionalists' employment of social structural and other “outsider” methods of social research. This article argues that it is only possible to empirically ground institutions, a task on which all agree, by returning to the interpretive “insider” approach traditionally associated with the school—but employing it in a much more rigorous way. To this end it makes the case for a “grounded theory” of international institutions inspired by Chicago School sociology.},
	number = {4},
	urldate = {2024-12-08},
	journal = {International Studies Review},
	author = {Wilson, Peter},
	month = dec,
	year = {2012},
	pages = {567--590},
}





@book{wiener_contestation_2018,
	address = {Cambridge, UK},
	title = {Contestation and {Constitution} of {Norms} in {Global} {International} {Relations}},
	isbn = {978-1-107-16952-4},
	url = {https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/contestation-and-constitution-of-norms-in-global-international-relations/41749FC27FD01ED9228E0787CD615508},
	abstract = {Antje Wiener examines the involvement of local actors in conflicts over global norms such as fundamental rights and the prohibition of torture and sexual violence. Providing accounts of local interventions made on behalf of those affected by breaches of norms, she identifies the constraints and opportunities for stakeholder participation in a fragmented global society. The book also considers cultural and institutional diversity with regard to the co-constitution of norm change. Proposing a clear framework to operationalize research on contested norms, and illustrating it through three recent cases, this book contributes to the project of global international relations by offering an agency-centred approach. It will interest scholars and advanced students of international relations, international political theory, and international law seeking a principled approach to practice that overcomes the practice-norm gap.},
	urldate = {2024-08-12},
	publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
	author = {Wiener, Antje},
	year = {2018},
	doi = {10.1017/9781316718599},
}









@article{wiebe_just_2019,
	title = {“{Just}” {Stories} or “{Just} {Stories}”?: {Mixed} {Media} {Storytelling} as a {Prism} for {Environmental} {Justice} and {Decolonial} {Futures}},
	volume = {5},
	url = {https://esj.usask.ca/index.php/esj/article/view/68333},
	doi = {10.15402/esj.v5i2.68333},
	abstract = {\&lt;p\&gt;Our lives and the lives of those we study are full of stories. Stories are never mere stories. Qualitative researchers who document, hear, and listen to participant lived-experiences encounter and witness the intimate spaces of people’s everyday lives. Researchers thus find themselves in the position of translator between diverse communities: those affected by policies, the academy and public officials. For academic-activists committed to listening to situated stories in order to improve public policy, several critical questions emerge: How do we do justice to these stories? What are the ethics of engagement involved in telling stories about those who share their knowledges and lived-experiences with us? Can storytelling bridge positivist and post-positivist research methods? Do policymakers listen to stories? How? What can researchers learn from Indigenous storytelling methods to envision decolonial, sustainable futures? To respond to these critical questions, this paper draws from literature in community-engaged research, critical policy studies, interpretive research methods, Indigenous research methods, political ethnography, visual methods and social justice research to argue that stories arenever simply or just stories, but in fact have the potential to be radical tools of change for social and environmental justice. As will be discussed with reference to three mixed media storytelling projects that involved the co-creation of digital stories with Indigenous communities in Canada, stories can intervene on dominant narratives, create space for counternarratives and in doing so challenge the settler-colonial status quo in pursuit of decolonial futures.\&lt;/p\&gt;},
	number = {2},
	urldate = {2024-08-12},
	journal = {Engaged Scholar Journal: Community-Engaged Research, Teaching, and Learning},
	author = {Wiebe, Sarah Marie},
	month = jun,
	year = {2019},
	note = {Section: Essays},
	pages = {19--35},
}





@article{wiebe_sensing_2019,
	title = {Sensing policy: engaging affected communities at the intersections of environmental justice and decolonial futures},
	volume = {8},
	issn = {2156-5503},
	shorttitle = {Sensing policy},
	url = {https://doi.org/10.1080/21565503.2019.1629315},
	doi = {10.1080/21565503.2019.1629315},
	abstract = {Pushing back against an extractive approach to research to center relationships, this paper draws from ethnographic sensibilities and community vignettes to discuss what academic-activists and political scientists can learn from communities’ situated bodies of knowledge. Tensions emerge when those most directly affected by public policy decisions are excluded from the decision-making process. Consultation leaves many encountering a paradox: their lived experiences are discredited even when they are invited to participate. This paper offers an imaginative approach to the design of participatory policy processes and asks: how can decision-makers meaningfully engage affected parties in pursuit of environmentally just policy creation? In response, this paper argues that bodies generally, and guts specifically, are political. To do so, I flesh out how a sensing policy approach to public engagement and socially engaged research can assist those crafting policies – including, laws, programs and service-delivery – to address contentious multilayered environmental justice issues. These include concerns for more-than-human life. Reflecting on experiences of community-engagement with Indigenous communities in Canada and Hawaiʻi, sensing policy builds from interpretive methods and intersectionality-based policy analysis to inform and potentially improve decision-making processes by taking seriously the experiences, knowledges and voices of those most affected by the government (in)decisions.},
	number = {1},
	urldate = {2024-08-12},
	journal = {Politics, Groups, and Identities},
	author = {Wiebe, Sarah Marie},
	year = {2019},
	note = {Publisher: Routledge
\_eprint: https://doi.org/10.1080/21565503.2019.1629315},
	keywords = {Sensing policy, affect, decolonial futures, environmental justice, guts, political ethnography, socially engaged research},
	pages = {181--193},
}





@book{wiebe_everyday_2016,
	address = {Vancouver, Canada},
	title = {Everyday {Exposure}: {Indigenous} {Mobilization} and {Environmental} {Justice} in {Canada}’s {Chemical} {Valley}},
	isbn = {978-0-7748-3264-9},
	shorttitle = {Everyday {Exposure}},
	url = {https://press.uchicago.edu/ucp/books/book/distributed/E/bo70054609.html},
	abstract = {Surrounded by Canada’s densest concentration of chemical manufacturing plants, members of the Aamjiwnaang First Nation express concern about a declining male birth rate and high incidences of miscarriage, asthma, cancer, and cardiovascular illness. Everyday Exposure uncovers the systemic injustices they face as they fight for environmental justice. Exploring the problems that conflicting levels of jurisdiction pose for the creation of effective policy, analyzing clashes between Indigenous and scientific knowledge, and documenting the experiences of Aamjiwnaang residents as they navigate their toxic environment, this book argues that social and political change requires a transformative “sensing policy” approach, one that takes the voices of Indigenous citizens seriously.},
	language = {en},
	urldate = {2024-08-12},
	publisher = {University of British Columbia Press},
	author = {Wiebe, Sarah Marie},
	year = {2016},
}









@article{wells_narrative_2019,
	title = {Narrative and elucidating the concept of democracy: the case of {Myanmar}’s activists and democratic leaders},
	volume = {26},
	issn = {1351-0347},
	shorttitle = {Narrative and elucidating the concept of democracy},
	url = {https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13510347.2018.1509850},
	doi = {10.1080/13510347.2018.1509850},
	number = {2},
	urldate = {2024-08-12},
	journal = {Democratization},
	author = {Wells, Tamas},
	month = feb,
	year = {2019},
	note = {Publisher: Routledge},
	keywords = {Burma, Myanmar, Narrative, democracy, interpretivism, meaning},
	pages = {190--207},
}





@article{weitzel_audializing_2018,
	title = {Audializing migrant bodies: {Sound} and security at the border},
	volume = {49},
	issn = {0967-0106},
	shorttitle = {Audializing migrant bodies},
	url = {https://doi.org/10.1177/0967010618795788},
	doi = {10.1177/0967010618795788},
	abstract = {Sound represents a salient yet rarely examined counterpoint to visuality and materiality in security, international bordering, and mobility literature. Using the context of sub-Saharan African migration as grounding for empirical analysis and drawing on fieldwork conducted in Morocco in 2015 and 2016, this article lays the foundation for a research agenda that understands voice, and the sonic body more broadly, as mechanisms of political power. In examining the central roles that sound, hearing, and voice play in strategies of individual resistance at border crossings, as well as in state, private, and transnational communication and surveillance regimes, it attends to the ways in which sound and the audialized body reconfigure power relations, and structure mobility and personal identity. This analysis contributes to the growing literature addressing biometric borders and the deterritorialization of security practices, and argues that sound, along with more familiar nodes of securitization, constitutes a critical site of governmentality and therefore of ethical and moral negotiation.},
	language = {en},
	number = {6},
	urldate = {2024-08-12},
	journal = {Security Dialogue},
	author = {Weitzel, Michelle D},
	month = dec,
	year = {2018},
	note = {Publisher: SAGE Publications Ltd},
	pages = {421--437},
}









@article{wehner_narration_2020,
	title = {The narration of roles in foreign policy analysis},
	volume = {23},
	issn = {1581-1980},
	url = {https://doi.org/10.1057/s41268-018-0148-y},
	doi = {10.1057/s41268-018-0148-y},
	abstract = {Starting from the recurrent criticism that role theory is conceptually rich but methodologically poor, this article assesses the potential of interpretive narrative analysis for the methodological development of role theory within foreign policy analysis. It focuses on the methodological side of narratives from an interpretive perspective, so as to detect role conceptions and role change. The symbolic-interactionist role theory framework is already set up to incorporate the elements of doing interpretive narrative analysis from this perspective, because, as Mead (The philosophy of the present, Open Court, La Salle, IL, 1932) argued, agents constantly reinterpret their past as they face an emergent present. This is akin to Bevir and Rhodes’ (Interpreting British Governance, Routledge, Abingdon, 2003) interpretive notions of ‘traditions’ and ‘dilemmas’. The potential of narratives is demonstrated by focusing specifically on ruling narrations as advanced by the then President Hugo Chávez in Venezuela (1999–2013), to conceive and cement a new role as a revolutionary state.},
	language = {en},
	number = {2},
	urldate = {2024-08-12},
	journal = {Journal of International Relations and Development},
	author = {Wehner, Leslie E.},
	month = jun,
	year = {2020},
	keywords = {Interpretive narrative analysis, Revolutionary role, Role change, Role conception, Role theory, Ruling narratives},
	pages = {359--384},
}









@book{wedeen_authoritarian_2019,
	address = {Chicago, IL},
	series = {Chicago {Studies} in {Practices} of {Meaning}},
	title = {Authoritarian {Apprehensions}: {Ideology}, {Judgment}, and {Mourning} in {Syria}},
	isbn = {978-0-226-65060-9},
	shorttitle = {Authoritarian {Apprehensions}},
	url = {https://press.uchicago.edu/ucp/books/book/chicago/A/bo41676402.html},
	abstract = {If the Arab uprisings initially heralded the end of tyrannies and a move toward liberal democratic governments, their defeat not only marked a reversal but was of a piece with emerging forms of authoritarianism worldwide. In Authoritarian Apprehensions, Lisa Wedeen draws on her decades-long engagement with Syria to offer an erudite and compassionate analysis of this extraordinary rush of events—the revolutionary exhilaration of the initial days of unrest and then the devastating violence that shattered hopes of any quick undoing of dictatorship. Developing a fresh, insightful, and theoretically imaginative approach to both authoritarianism and conflict, Wedeen asks, What led a sizable part of the citizenry to stick by the regime through one atrocity after another? What happens to political judgment in a context of pervasive misinformation? And what might the Syrian example suggest about how authoritarian leaders exploit digital media to create uncertainty, political impasses, and fractures among their citizens?   Drawing on extensive fieldwork and a variety of Syrian artistic practices, Wedeen lays bare the ideological investments that sustain ambivalent attachments to established organizations of power and contribute to the ongoing challenge of pursuing political change. This masterful book is a testament to Wedeen’s deep engagement with some of the most troubling concerns of our political present and future.},
	language = {en},
	urldate = {2024-08-12},
	publisher = {University of Chicago Press},
	author = {Wedeen, Lisa},
	month = sep,
	year = {2019},
	keywords = {arab, authoritarianism, autocracy, civil war, coup, death, democracy, dictator, fake news, fear, government, grief, history, ideology, internet, judgment, loss, media, middle east, misinformation, mortality, mourning, nationalism, neoliberalism, nonfiction, political science, politics, post-truth, power, protest, rebellion, regime change, religion, revolution, sentimentality, spirituality, syria, tyranny, unknown, unrest, uprising, violence},
}





@book{wedeen_peripheral_2008,
	address = {Chicago, IL},
	series = {Chicago {Studies} in {Practices} of {Meaning}},
	title = {Peripheral {Visions}: {Publics}, {Power}, and {Performance} in {Yemen}},
	isbn = {978-0-226-87791-4},
	shorttitle = {Peripheral {Visions}},
	url = {https://press.uchicago.edu/ucp/books/book/chicago/P/bo5893513.html},
	abstract = {The government of Yemen, unified since 1990, remains largely incapable of controlling violence or providing goods and services to its population, but the regime continues to endure despite its fragility and peripheral location in the global political and economic order. Revealing what holds Yemen together in such tenuous circumstances, Peripheral Visions shows how citizens form national attachments even in the absence of strong state institutions.Lisa Wedeen, who spent a year and a half in Yemen observing and interviewing its residents, argues that national solidarity in such weak states tends to arise not from attachments to institutions but through both extraordinary events and the ordinary activities of everyday life. Yemenis, for example, regularly gather to chew qat, a leafy drug similar to caffeine, as they engage in wide-ranging and sometimes influential public discussions of even the most divisive political and social issues. These lively debates exemplify Wedeen’s contention that democratic, national, and pious solidarities work as ongoing, performative practices that enact and reproduce a citizenry’s shared points of reference. Ultimately, her skillful evocations of such practices shift attention away from a narrow focus on government institutions and electoral competition and toward the substantive experience of participatory politics.},
	language = {en},
	urldate = {2024-08-12},
	publisher = {University of Chicago Press},
	author = {Wedeen, Lisa},
	year = {2008},
	keywords = {asia, citizenry, citizenship, control, crisis, deliberation, governing, government, identity, interviews, middle east, nation state, national power, nationalism, order, participation, participatory, performance, political science, politics, public gatherings, republic, social issues, solidarity, south arabia, structures, transnational, unity, violence, yemen},
}













@book{walsh_talking_2007,
	address = {Chicago, IL},
	series = {Studies in {Communication}, {Media}, and {Public} {Opinion}},
	title = {Talking about {Race}: {Community} {Dialogues} and the {Politics} of {Difference}},
	isbn = {978-0-226-86907-0},
	shorttitle = {Talking about {Race}},
	url = {https://press.uchicago.edu/ucp/books/book/chicago/T/bo5378428.html},
	abstract = {It is a perennial question: how should Americans deal with racial and ethnic diversity? More than 400 communities across the country have attempted to answer it by organizing discussions among diverse volunteers in an attempt to improve race relations. In Talking about Race, Katherine Cramer Walsh takes an eye-opening look at this strategy to reveal the reasons behind the method and the effects it has in the cities and towns that undertake it.With extensive observations of community dialogues, interviews with the discussants, and sophisticated analysis of national data, Walsh shows that while meeting organizers usually aim to establish common ground, participants tend to leave their discussions with a heightened awareness of differences in perspective and experience. Drawing readers into these intense conversations between ordinary Americans working to deal with diversity and figure out the meaning of citizenship in our society, she challenges many preconceptions about intergroup relations and organized public talk. Finally disputing the conventional wisdom that unity is the only way forward, Walsh prescribes a practical politics of difference that compels us to reassess the place of face-to-face discussion in civic life and the critical role of conflict in deliberative democracy.},
	language = {en},
	urldate = {2024-08-12},
	publisher = {University of Chicago Press},
	author = {Walsh, Katherine Cramer},
	month = may,
	year = {2007},
	keywords = {america, american, authority, civic, common ground, communal, communities, community, controversial, controversy, cultural, culture, data, debate, dialogue, discourse, discussion, diverse, diversity, ethnic, ethnicity, interpersonal, interracial, national, political, politics, public, race, racial, racism, racist, relations, relationships},
}





@book{walsh_womens_2010,
	address = {Cambridge, UK},
	title = {Women’s {Rights} in {Democratizing} {States}: {Just} {Debate} and {Gender} {Justice} in the {Public} {Sphere}},
	isbn = {978-1-107-00191-6},
	shorttitle = {Women’s {Rights} in {Democratizing} {States}},
	url = {https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/womens-rights-in-democratizing-states/DD6468BCA0227C3DAF434002AB130189},
	abstract = {This study offers an explanation for why advances in women's rights rarely occur in democratizing states. Drawing on deliberative theory, Denise Walsh argues that the leading institutions in the public sphere are highly gendered, meaning women's ability to shape the content of public debate and put pressure on the state to advance their rights is limited. She tests this claim by measuring the openness and inclusiveness of debate conditions in the public sphere during select time periods in Poland, Chile and South Africa. Through a series of structured, focused comparisons, the book confirms the importance of just debate for securing gender justice. The comparisons also reveal that counter publics in the leading institutions in the public sphere are crucial for expanding debate conditions. The book concludes with an analysis of counter publics and suggests an active role for the state in the public sphere.},
	urldate = {2024-08-12},
	publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
	author = {Walsh, Denise M.},
	year = {2010},
	doi = {10.1017/CBO9780511782220},
}









@article{van_hulst_policy_2016,
	title = {From {Policy} “{Frames}” to “{Framing}”: {Theorizing} a {More} {Dynamic}, {Political} {Approach}},
	volume = {46},
	issn = {0275-0740},
	shorttitle = {From {Policy} “{Frames}” to “{Framing}”},
	url = {https://doi.org/10.1177/0275074014533142},
	doi = {10.1177/0275074014533142},
	abstract = {The concept of frames or framing, especially cast as “frame analysis,” has an established history in public policy. Taking off from the work of Donald Schön and Martin Rein, we develop the idea of policy analytic framing, the more dynamic of the two terms, in ways that strengthen what we see as its promise for a more process-oriented and politically sensitive understanding of the activities it is used to characterize. We argue that such an approach needs to engage the following aspects of the work that framing does: sense-making; selecting, naming, and categorizing; and storytelling. In addition, frame theorizing needs to engage not only the way issues are framed but also the intertwining of framing and frame-makers’ identities, and the meta-communicative framing of policy processes.},
	language = {en},
	number = {1},
	urldate = {2024-08-12},
	journal = {The American Review of Public Administration},
	author = {van Hulst, Merlijn and Yanow, Dvora},
	month = jan,
	year = {2016},
	note = {Publisher: SAGE Publications Inc},
	pages = {92--112},
}





@book{tsoukas_philosophical_2019,
	address = {New York, NY},
	title = {Philosophical {Organization} {Theory}},
	isbn = {978-0-19-879454-7},
	url = {https://global.oup.com/academic/product/philosophical-organization-theory-9780198794547?cc=us&lang=en&#},
	abstract = {When it comes to the field of organization and management theory, a philosophical perspective enables us to conduct organizational research imbued with the attitude of 'wonder'; it helps researchers question dominant images of thought underlying mainstream thinking, and provides fresh distinctions that enable the development of new theory. In bringing together a collection of key essays by Haridimos Tsoukas, this volume explores fundamental concepts, such as organizational routine, that have gained currency in the field, as well as revisiting traditional concepts such as change, strategy, and organization. It discusses organizational knowledge, judgment, and reflection-in-action, and, at the meta-theoretical level, suggests complex forms of theorizing that do justice to the complexity of organizations.  The conceptual attention throughout is on process and practice, underlain by performative phenomenology and an emphasis on agents' lived experience. This provides us with the language to appreciate the dynamic character of organizational behaviour, the embeddedness of action, and the complexity of organizational life. The theoretical claims presented in this volume have important implications for practice, insofar as they help retrain our attention; from seeing structures and individuals, we can now appreciate processes, experiences, and practices. A phenomenological attitude makes organization theory more open, more creative, and more reflexive, and this book will be essential reading for researchers and students in the field of organization studies.},
	language = {en},
	publisher = {Oxford University Press},
	author = {Tsoukas, Haridimos},
	month = jan,
	year = {2019},
	note = {Google-Books-ID: NtXxtwEACAAJ},
	keywords = {Business \& Economics / Organizational Behavior, Business \& Economics / Research \& Development},
}













@book{thomson_whispering_2013,
	address = {Madison, WI},
	title = {Whispering {Truth} to {Power}: {Everyday} {Resistance} to {Reconciliation} in {Postgenocide} {Rwanda}},
	isbn = {978-0-299-29673-5},
	shorttitle = {Whispering {Truth} to {Power}},
	abstract = {For 100 days in 1994, genocide engulfed Rwanda. Since then, many in the international community have praised the country's postgenocide government for its efforts to foster national unity and reconciliation by downplaying ethnic differences and promoting "one Rwanda for all Rwandans." Examining how ordinary rural Rwandans experience and view these policies, Whispering Truth to Power challenges the conventional wisdom on postgenocide Rwanda. Susan Thomson finds that many of Rwanda's poorest citizens distrust the local officials charged with implementing the state program and believe that it ignores the deepest problems of the countryside: lack of land, jobs, and a voice in policies that affect lives and livelihoods. Based on interviews with dozens of Rwandan peasants and government officials, this book reveals how the nation's disenfranchised poor have been engaging in everyday resistance, cautiously and carefully—"whispering" their truth to the powers that be. This quiet opposition, Thomson argues, suggests that some of the nation's most celebrated postgenocide policies have failed to garner the grassroots support needed to sustain peace.  “Reveals the lengths [to which] the current government has gone to restructure all spaces of Rwandan society, and how Rwandans continue to resist this state interference in their everyday lives.”—Ethnic and Racial Studies  “Thomson’s elegant research is praiseworthy and her arguments are forthright. . . . This important publication will be of great value to scholars of Rwanda and genocide as well as students of reconciliation politics and transitional justice.”—Human Rights Quarterly  “Sobering and disturbing. . . . The peasant peoples’ resistance to official policies of national unity and reconciliation emerged because these national schemes do not reflect the peasants’ own lived realities and experiences of state power, genocide, and day-to-day living within their communities. Instead, these official policies disrupt everyday life and endanger existing networks of mutual support and dependence.”—Canadian Journal of Development Studies  Outstanding Academic Title, Choice Magazine},
	language = {en},
	publisher = {University of Wisconsin Pres},
	author = {Thomson, Susan},
	month = nov,
	year = {2013},
	note = {Google-Books-ID: RfTPAQAAQBAJ},
	keywords = {History / Africa / East, Political Science / General, Political Science / History \& Theory, Political Science / Human Rights, Political Science / World / African, Social Science / Sociology / General, Social Science / Violence in Society},
}









@article{thomson_whispering_2011,
	title = {Whispering truth to power: {The} everyday resistance of {Rwandan} peasants to post-genocide reconciliation},
	volume = {110},
	issn = {0001-9909},
	url = {https://doi.org/10.1093/afraf/adr021},
	doi = {10.1093/afraf/adr021},
	abstract = {The government in post-genocide Rwanda stakes its moral claim to legitimacy on a policy of national unity and reconciliation, claiming to create a ‘Rwanda for all Rwandans’. This article investigates peasant resistance to this policy. Focusing on everyday acts of resistance among the rural poor, it demonstrates that despite the appearance of widespread popular support, many peasant Rwandans consider the various mechanisms of national unity and reconciliation to be unjust and illegitimate. Obedience to the dictates of the policy of national unity is frequently tactical, rather than sincere, as peasants employ various strategies to avoid participation. Through a focus on everyday acts of resistance, the article reveals how the post-genocide state through the policy of national unity and reconciliation seeks to depoliticize peasant people by orchestrating public performances and by closing off the possibility for individuals to join together to organize politically.},
	number = {440},
	urldate = {2024-12-08},
	journal = {African Affairs},
	author = {Thomson, Susan},
	month = jul,
	year = {2011},
	pages = {439--456},
}





@article{thomson_getting_2010,
	title = {Getting {Close} to {Rwandans} since the {Genocide}: {Studying} {Everyday} {Life} in {Highly} {Politicized} {Research} {Settings}},
	volume = {53},
	issn = {0002-0206},
	shorttitle = {Getting {Close} to {Rwandans} since the {Genocide}},
	url = {https://www.jstor.org/stable/40930964},
	abstract = {Research with people in highly politicized research settings illuminates the gap between the images that most African governments strive to represent and the sociopolitical realities of everyday life. This article discusses the opportunities and challenges of doing research in postgenocide Rwanda and is a useful resource for researchers contemplating their own projects under such conditions, whether in Rwanda or elsewhere. It discusses the importance of creating personal relationships and meeting people on their terms, as well as such topics as the identification of the research site, building rapport and trust with respondents, safeguarding anonymity and confidentiality, and working with local research assistants and partners. La recherche menée avec des collègues dans des milieux de recherche hautement politisés met en lumière l'écart entre l'image que la plupart des gouvernements africains veulent se donner et les réalités socio-économiques de la vie courante. L'article examine les opportunités et les difficultés liées à la recherche menée au Rwanda à la suite du génocide, et se veut une source première utile pour les chercheurs contemplant leurs propres projets dans de telles conditions, que ce soit au Rwanda ou ailleurs. L'article contemple l'importance de créer des liens personnels avec les sujets de la recherche; de travailler avec des partenaires et un assistant de recherche locaux ; d'organiser des rencontres avec des gens ordinaires selon leurs propres termes, y compris le choix des sites de recherche, et l'établissement d'un rapport de confiance avec les personnes interrogées pour protéger l'anonymat et la confidentialité de ceux-ci.},
	number = {3},
	urldate = {2024-08-12},
	journal = {African Studies Review},
	author = {Thomson, Susan},
	year = {2010},
	note = {Publisher: Cambridge University Press},
	pages = {19--34},
}





@incollection{soss_making_2012,
	address = {Albany, NY},
	title = {Making {Clients} and {Citizens}: {Welfare} {Policy} as a {Source} of {Status}, {Belief}, and {Action}},
	isbn = {978-0-7914-8383-1},
	url = {https://doi.org/10.1515/9780791483831-013},
	abstract = {Making Clients and Citizens: Welfare Policy as a Source of Status, Belief, and Action was published in Deserving and Entitled on page 291.},
	urldate = {2024-08-12},
	booktitle = {Making {Clients} and {Citizens}: {Welfare} {Policy} as a {Source} of {Status}, {Belief}, and {Action}},
	publisher = {SUNY Press},
	author = {Soss, Joe},
	editor = {Schneider, Anne L. and Ingram, Helen M.},
	year = {2012},
	doi = {doi:10.1515/9780791483831-013},
	pages = {291--328},
}





@book{soss_unwanted_2000,
	address = {Ann Arbor, MI},
	title = {Unwanted {Claims}: {The} {Politics} of {Participation} in the {U}.{S}. {Welfare} {System}},
	isbn = {978-0-472-08902-4},
	shorttitle = {Unwanted {Claims}},
	url = {https://doi.org/10.3998/mpub.16475},
	abstract = {Large numbers of Americans claim public resources and participate in direct relationships with government through the diversity of welfare programs found in the United States. Most public debates ignore the political importance of these activities, focusing instead on the economic and moral questions raised by welfare policy. By contrast, Unwanted Claims asks how different types of welfare programs, such as social insurance and public assistance, affect the lives of ordinary citizens. The author investigates why citizens turn to welfare programs, how they view the welfare system, and what they learn from experiences in welfare programs about themselves and government. The analysis shows that the welfare system plays a surprisingly important and sometimes contradictory role in modern political life. Depending on their designs, welfare programs can draw citizens into a more inclusive and vibrant democracy or treat them in ways that reinforce their social and political marginality.Unwanted Claims is a work of political sociology that provides an illuminating account of political life in the U.S. welfare system that should be of interest to scholars, students, policy practitioners, and the general public. Written in a style that minimizes technical jargon, avoids complex statistical presentations, and makes extensive use of clients' own descriptions of their experiences, beliefs, and actions, it offers an accessible and humanizing portrait of welfare participation that challenges conventional wisdom and raises important questions about poverty, welfare, and democracy in America.Joe Soss is Assistant Professor of Government, The American University.},
	language = {en},
	publisher = {University of Michigan Press},
	author = {Soss, Joe},
	year = {2000},
	keywords = {Political Science / General, Political Science / Public Policy / Social Services \& Welfare, Social Science / Sociology / General},
}













@book{smith_contradictions_2019,
	address = {New York, NY},
	title = {Contradictions of {Democracy}: {Vigilantism} and {Rights} in {Post}-{Apartheid} {South} {Africa}},
	isbn = {978-0-19-084720-3},
	shorttitle = {Contradictions of {Democracy}},
	url = {https://academic.oup.com/book/6890},
	abstract = {Despite being one of the world's most vibrant democracies, police estimate between five and ten percent of the murders in South Africa result from vigilante violence. This is puzzling given the country's celebrated transition to democracy and massive reform of the state's legal institutions. Where most studies explain vigilantism as a response to state or civic failure, in Contradictions of Democracy, Nicholas Rush Smith illustrates that vigilantism is actually a response to the processes of democratic state formation. In the context of densely networked neighborhoods, vigilante citizens often interpret the technical success of legal institutions-for instance, the arrest and subsequent release of suspects on bail-as failure and work to correct such perceived failures on their own. Smith also shows that vigilantism provides a new lens through which to understand democratic state formation. Among young men of color in some parts of South Africa, fear of extra-judicial police violence is common. Amid such fear, instead of the state seeming protective, it can appear as something akin to a massive vigilante organization. An insightful look into the high rates of vigilantism in South Africa and the general challenges of democratic state building, Contradictions of Democracy explores fundamental questions about political order, the rule of law, and democratic citizenship.},
	language = {en},
	publisher = {Oxford University Press},
	author = {Smith, Nicholas Rush},
	month = jan,
	year = {2019},
	note = {https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190847180.001.0001},
	keywords = {Law / General, Political Science / Comparative Politics, Political Science / Geopolitics, Social Science / Anthropology / Cultural \& Social, Social Science / Criminology, Social Science / Ethnic Studies / General},
}









@book{smith_welfare_2007,
	address = {New York, NY},
	title = {Welfare {Reform} and {Sexual} {Regulation}},
	isbn = {978-0-521-82095-0},
	url = {https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/welfare-reform-and-sexual-regulation/A81B668AF0D1C28531598F59AD2D2661},
	abstract = {Inspired by the political interventions of feminist women of color and Foucauldian social theory, Anna Marie Smith explores the scope and structure of the child support enforcement, family cap, marriage promotion, and abstinence education measures that are embedded within contemporary United States welfare policy. Presenting original legal research and drawing from historical sources, social theory, and normative frameworks, the author argues that these measures violate the rights of poor mothers. Drawing on several historical precedents the author shows that welfare policy has consistently constructed the sexual conduct of the racialized poor mother as one of its primary disciplinary targets. The book concludes with a vigorous and detailed critique of Sen. Hillary Rodham Clinton's support for welfare reform law and an outline of a progressive feminist approach to poverty policy.},
	urldate = {2024-08-12},
	publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
	author = {Smith, Anna Marie},
	year = {2007},
	doi = {10.1017/CBO9780511619106},
}









@article{smith_politicization_2001,
	title = {The {Politicization} of {Marriage} in {Contemporary} {American} {Public} {Policy}: {The} {Defense} of {Marriage} {Act} and the {Personal} {Responsibility} {Act}},
	volume = {5},
	copyright = {Copyright Taylor and Francis Group, LLC},
	shorttitle = {The {Politicization} of {Marriage} in {Contemporary} {American} {Public} {Policy}},
	url = {https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13621020120085261},
	doi = {10.1080/13621020120085261},
	language = {EN},
	number = {3},
	urldate = {2024-08-12},
	journal = {Citizenship Studies},
	author = {Smith, Anna Marie},
	month = nov,
	year = {2001},
	note = {Publisher: Taylor \& Francis Group},
	pages = {303--320},
}









@article{sinatti_return_2015,
	title = {Return migration as a win-win-win scenario? {Visions} of return among {Senegalese} migrants, the state of origin and receiving countries},
	volume = {38},
	issn = {0141-9870},
	shorttitle = {Return migration as a win-win-win scenario?},
	url = {https://doi.org/10.1080/01419870.2013.868016},
	doi = {10.1080/01419870.2013.868016},
	abstract = {This article explores the topic of return migration as it is understood and practised by different actors who engage with this theme, albeit from different perspectives. Return migration is paraded in policy debates as a triple-win scenario, bringing advantages to receiving states, countries of origin and migrants. Yet this article reveals how return migration is understood differently by policymakers in Senegal and Europe and by the migrants targeted by their policies. Interpretations are based on conflicting underlying assumptions of what return is, its benefits and its relation to transnational movement. Inspired by the discursive paradigm in political studies, this article utilizes interpretive tools to examine the structures that support and give meaning to understandings of return among institutional actors and migrants. It concludes that new theorization is needed to grasp the full complexity of return migration as a phenomenon that is marked by different temporalities and aspirations.},
	number = {2},
	urldate = {2024-08-12},
	journal = {Ethnic and Racial Studies},
	author = {Sinatti, Giulia},
	month = jan,
	year = {2015},
	note = {Publisher: Routledge
\_eprint: https://doi.org/10.1080/01419870.2013.868016},
	keywords = {Europe, Senegal, development, policy analysis, return migration, transnationalism},
	pages = {275--291},
}





@article{simmons_comparison_2017,
	title = {Comparison with an {Ethnographic} {Sensibility}},
	volume = {50},
	issn = {1049-0965, 1537-5935},
	url = {https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/ps-political-science-and-politics/article/abs/comparison-with-an-ethnographic-sensibility/8DEDAA6F4EA000AD22A6A434A540393D},
	doi = {10.1017/S1049096516002286},
	abstract = {//static.cambridge.org/content/id/urn\%3Acambridge.org\%3Aid\%3Aarticle\%3AS1049096516002286/resource/name/firstPage-S1049096516002286a.jpg},
	language = {en},
	number = {1},
	urldate = {2024-08-12},
	journal = {PS: Political Science \& Politics},
	author = {Simmons, Erica S. and Smith, Nicholas Rush},
	month = jan,
	year = {2017},
	pages = {126--130},
}





@article{simmons_market_2016,
	title = {Market {Reforms} and {Water} {Wars}},
	volume = {68},
	issn = {0043-8871},
	url = {https://www.jstor.org/stable/24579184},
	abstract = {Responses to the imposition of market-oriented economic policies have varied. This article asks two questions: (1) How can we better understand when marketization will or will not prompt resistance? And (2) when people do mobilize, why are some movements broad-based while others draw on particular segments of society? The author argues that these questions can best be answered by focusing not only on the political contexts and resources available to potential social movements, but also on what is perceived to be at stake during marketization. These perceptions influence mobilization processes and the kinds of groups available for mobilization. When people understand markets as threatening to material wellbeing, as well as to widely shared community relationships, understandings, and commitments, heightened feelings of group belonging can contribute to broad-based mobilization. The author develops this argument through analysis of the broad-based, widespread movement that emerged to protest water privatization in Cochabamba, Bolivia, in 1999 and 2000. In the context of a history of agriculture, irrigation, drought, and conflict, water helped to produce and reproduce imagined communities of nation, region, and ethnic group, as well as quotidian communities revolving around the routine production and consumption of water. These meanings help to explain the dynamics of the resistance that emerged.},
	number = {1},
	urldate = {2024-08-12},
	journal = {World Politics},
	author = {Simmons, Erica S.},
	year = {2016},
	note = {Publisher: [Cambridge University Press, Trustees of Princeton University]},
	pages = {37--73},
}









@article{shesterinina_ethics_2019,
	title = {Ethics, empathy, and fear in research on violent conflict},
	volume = {56},
	issn = {0022-3433},
	url = {https://doi.org/10.1177/0022343318783246},
	doi = {10.1177/0022343318783246},
	abstract = {The discussion of ethics in the social sciences focuses on ‘doing no harm’ and ‘giving back’ to research participants, but does not explore the challenges of empathy and fear in research with participants in political violence and war. Drawing on 180 in-depth interviews on the Georgian–Abkhaz war of 1992–93 collected over eight months between 2010 and 2013 primarily in Abkhazia, but also Georgia and Russia, I argue that researchers can come to empathize with some but fear other participants in past and present violence. These emotional responses can influence researchers’ ability to probe and interpret interviews and respondents’ ability to surpass strong positions to explore dilemmas of participation in violence. By empathizing with not only ‘victims’ and ‘non-fighters’ as I had expected based on my pre-existing moral-conceptual categories, but also participants in the war, I found that individuals adopted multiple overlapping roles and shifted between these roles in the changing conditions of violence. In contrast, failing to empathize with and fearing those who continued to participate in violence after the war of 1992–93 limited my ability to fully appreciate the complexity of their participation, but shed light on the context of violence in contemporary Abkhazia. This analysis shows that reflection on the role of empathy and fear in shaping our interactions with research participants can help advance our understanding of participation in violence and this difficult research context.},
	language = {en},
	number = {2},
	urldate = {2024-08-12},
	journal = {Journal of Peace Research},
	author = {Shesterinina, Anastasia},
	month = mar,
	year = {2019},
	note = {Publisher: SAGE Publications Ltd},
	pages = {190--202},
}









@article{shesterinina_collective_2016,
	title = {Collective {Threat} {Framing} and {Mobilization} in {Civil} {War}},
	volume = {110},
	issn = {0003-0554, 1537-5943},
	url = {https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/american-political-science-review/article/abs/collective-threat-framing-and-mobilization-in-civil-war/330C40CA3925F3DA0DDC93BFA40F5C32},
	doi = {10.1017/S0003055416000277},
	abstract = {Research on civil war mobilization emphasizes armed group recruitment tactics and individual motivations to fight, but does not explore how individuals come to perceive the threat involved in civil war. Drawing on eight months of fieldwork with participants and nonparticipants in the Georgian-Abkhaz war of 1992–93, this article argues that social structures, within which individuals are embedded, provide access to information critical for mobilization decisions by collectively framing threat. Threat framing filters from national through local leadership, to be consolidated and acted on within quotidian networks. Depending on how the threat is perceived—whether toward the self or the collectivity at its different levels—individuals adopt self- to other-regarding roles, from fleeing to fighting on behalf of the collectivity, even if it is a weaker actor in the war. This analysis sheds light on how the social framing of threat shapes mobilization trajectories and how normative and instrumental motivations interact in civil war.},
	language = {en},
	number = {3},
	urldate = {2024-08-12},
	journal = {American Political Science Review},
	author = {Shesterinina, Anastasia},
	month = aug,
	year = {2016},
	pages = {411--427},
}





@article{sherwood_dynamics_2014,
	title = {Dynamics of {Perpetuation}: {The} {Politics} of {Keeping} {Highly} {Toxic} {Pesticides} on the {Market} in {Ecuador}},
	volume = {9},
	shorttitle = {Dynamics of {Perpetuation}},
	url = {https://www.berghahnjournals.com/view/journals/nature-and-culture/9/1/nc090102.xml},
	doi = {10.3167/nc.2014.090102},
	abstract = {Based on reflective practice over 15 years in Ecuador, the authors examine the perpetuation of knowingly harmful public policy in highly toxic pesticides. They study how actors cooperate, collude, and collide in advancing certain technological agenda, even when against public interests. Ultimately, entrenchment of perspective opened up space for arrival of new social actors and competing activity and transition. In light of struggles for sustainability, the authors find neglected policy opportunities in the heterogeneity of peoples' daily practices and countermovements, leading to a call for further attention to the inherently incoherent, complex, and irresolvable human face of sociotechnical change.},
	language = {en},
	number = {1},
	urldate = {2024-08-12},
	journal = {Nature and Culture},
	author = {Sherwood, Stephen G. and Paredes, Myriam},
	month = mar,
	year = {2014},
	note = {Section: Nature and Culture},
	keywords = {AGRICULTURE/FOOD POLICY, ECUADOR, PESTICIDES, PRACTICE, SOCIOTECHNICAL REGIMES},
	pages = {21--44},
}





@book{shehata_shop_2010,
	address = {Albany, NY},
	title = {Shop {Floor} {Culture} and {Politics} in {Egypt}},
	isbn = {978-1-4384-2849-9},
	url = {https://sunypress.edu/Books/S/Shop-Floor-Culture-and-Politics-in-Egypt},
	abstract = {Ethnographic study of textile factory workers in Alexandria, Egypt.In Shop Floor Culture and Politics in Egypt, Samer S. Shehata provides us with a unique and detailed ethnographic portrait of life within two large textile factories in Alexandria, Egypt. Working for nearly a year as a winding machine operator provided Shehata with unprecedented access to workers at the point of production and the activities of the work hall. He argues that the social organization of production in the factoriesincluding company rules and procedures, hierarchy, and relations of authorityand shop floor culture profoundly shape what it means to be a worker and how this identity is understood. Shehata reveals how economic relations inside the factory are simultaneously relations of significance and meaning, and how the production of wool and cotton textiles is, at the same time, the production of categories of identity, patterns of human interaction, and understandings of the self and others.},
	language = {en},
	publisher = {SUNY Press},
	author = {Shehata, Samer S.},
	year = {2010},
	note = {Google-Books-ID: SC72CwAAQBAJ},
	keywords = {Political Science / Political Economy, Social Science / Anthropology / Cultural \& Social, Social Science / Developing \& Emerging Countries},
}













@book{scott_against_2017,
	address = {New Haven, CT},
	title = {Against the {Grain}: {A} {Deep} {History} of the {Earliest} {States}},
	isbn = {978-0-300-18291-0},
	url = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctv1bvnfk9},
	urldate = {2024-08-12},
	publisher = {Yale University Press},
	author = {Scott, James C.},
	year = {2017},
	doi = {10.2307/j.ctv1bvnfk9},
}





@article{shehata_bashas_2003,
	title = {In the {Basha}'s {House}: {The} {Organizational} {Culture} of {Egyptian} {Public}-{Sector} {Enterprise}},
	volume = {35},
	issn = {0020-7438},
	shorttitle = {In the {Basha}'s {House}},
	url = {https://www.jstor.org/stable/3879929},
	number = {1},
	urldate = {2024-08-12},
	journal = {International Journal of Middle East Studies},
	author = {Shehata, Samer},
	year = {2003},
	note = {Publisher: Cambridge University Press},
	pages = {103--132},
}





@book{schwarz_faith-based_2018,
	address = {London, UK},
	title = {Faith-{Based} {Organizations} in {Transnational} {Peacebuilding}},
	isbn = {978-1-78660-411-8},
	url = {https://rowman.com/ISBN/9781786604095/Faith-Based-Organizations-in-Transnational-Peacebuilding},
	abstract = {How do faith-based organizations influence the work of transnational peacebuilding, development, and human rights advocacy? How is the political role of such organizations informed by their religious ideas and practices? This book investigates this set of questions by examining how three transnational faith-based organizations—Religions for Peace, the Taizé Community, and International Justice Mission—conceptualize their own religious practices, values, and identities, and how those acts and ideas inform their political goals and strategies. The book demonstrates the political importance of prayer in the work of transnational faith-based organizations, specifically in areas of conflict resolution, post-conflict integration, agenda setting, and in constituting narratives about justice and reconciliation. It also evaluates the distinctive strategies that faith-based organizations employ to navigate religious difference. A central goal of the book is to propose a new way to study “religion” in international politics, by actively questioning and reflecting on what it means for an act, idea, or community to be “religious.”},
	language = {en},
	publisher = {Rowman \& Littlefield},
	author = {Schwarz, Tanya B.},
	month = mar,
	year = {2018},
	note = {Google-Books-ID: 2ObaDwAAQBAJ},
	keywords = {Political Science / Peace, Religion / Institutions \& Organizations},
}





















@article{schultz_learning_2018,
	title = {Learning to live with social-ecological complexity: {An} interpretive analysis of learning in 11 {UNESCO} {Biosphere} {Reserves}},
	volume = {50},
	issn = {0959-3780},
	shorttitle = {Learning to live with social-ecological complexity},
	url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0959378017308725},
	doi = {10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2018.03.001},
	abstract = {Learning is considered a means to achieve sustainability in practice and has become a prominent goal of sustainability interventions. In this paper we explore how learning for sustainability is shaped by meaning, interpretation and experience, in the context of UNESCO Biosphere Reserves (BRs). The World Network of Biosphere Reserves brings environmental conservation, socio-economic development and research together in ‘learning sites for sustainable development.’ The World Network is globally significant, with 669 BRs in 120 countries, but as with many paradigmatic sustainability interventions BRs are perceived to suffer from a ‘concept-reality gap.’ We explore this gap from an interpretive perspective, focusing on participant interpretations of the meaning of BRs and their experiences of working with the concept – with the aim of painting a richer picture of learning for sustainability and the ways in which BRs might fulfil their role as learning sites. We provide a cross-case analysis of learning in 11 BRs around the world, drawing on interviews with 177 participants, and ask: How is the BR concept interpreted and enacted by people involved with BR work? What learning emerges through BR work, as described by those involved? We find that the BR concept is interpreted differently in each location, producing distinct expectations, practices and institutional designs. Learning occurs around common themes – human-environment relationships, actors and governance arrangements, and skills to navigate BR work – but is expressed very differently in each BR. The position of BRs ‘in between’ social, ecological and economic goals; local places and global networks; and government, private and civil society sectors, provides a valuable space for participants to learn to live with social-ecological complexity. We discuss our results in terms of their contribution to three pressing concerns in sustainability science: (i) power and politics in learning for sustainability, (ii) intermediaries and bridging organizations in multi-level governance, and (iii) reflexivity and knowledge-action relationships. Our comparative hermeneutic approach makes a novel methodological contribution to interpretive studies of sustainability policy and governance.},
	urldate = {2024-08-12},
	journal = {Global Environmental Change},
	author = {Schultz, Lisen and West, Simon and Bourke, Alba Juárez and d’Armengol, Laia and Torrents, Pau and Hardardottir, Hildur and Jansson, Annie and Roldán, Alba Mohedano},
	month = may,
	year = {2018},
	keywords = {Bridging organizations, Comparative case study, Multi-level governance, Qualitative, Science-policy interface, Sustainability science},
	pages = {75--87},
}





@book{schmidt_language_2000,
	address = {Philadelphia, PA},
	title = {Language {Policy} \& {Identity} in the {United} {States}},
	isbn = {978-1-56639-754-4},
	url = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt14btc1h},
	abstract = {Well over thirty million people in the United States speak a primary language other than English. Nearly twenty million of them speak Spanish. And these numbers are growing. Critics of immigration and multiculturalism argue that recent government language policies such as bilingual education, non-English election materials, and social service and workplace "language rights" threaten the national character of the United States. Proponents of bilingualism, on the other hand, maintain that, far from being a threat, these language policies and programs provide an opportunity to right old wrongs and make the United States a more democratic society.This book lays out the two approaches to language policy -- linguistic assimilation and linguistic pluralism -- in clear and accessible terms. Filled with examples and narratives, it provides a readable overview of the U.S. "culture wars" and explains why the conflict has just now emerged as a major issue in the United States.Professor Schmidt examines bilingual education in the public schools, "linguistic access" rights to public services, and the designation of English as the United States' "official" language. He illuminates the conflict by describing the comparative, theoretical, and social contexts for the debate. The source of the disagreement, he maintains, is not a disagreement over language per se but over identity and the consequences of identity for individuals, ethnic groups, and the country as a whole. Who are "the American people"? Are we one national group into which newcomers must assimilate? Or are we composed of many cultural communities, each of which is a unique but integral part of the national fabric? This fundamental point is what underlies the specific disputes over language policy. This way of looking at identity politics, as Professor Schmidt shows, calls into question the dichotomy between "material interest" politics and "symbolic" politics in relation to group identities.Not limited to describing the nature and context of the language debate,{\textless}em{\textgreater}Language Policy and Identity Politics in the United States{\textless}/em{\textgreater}reaches the conclusion that a policy of linguistic pluralism, coupled with an immigrant settlement policy and egalitarian economic reforms, will best meet the aims of justice and the common good. Only by attacking both the symbolic and material effects of racialization will the United States be able to attain the goals of social equality and national harmony.},
	urldate = {2024-08-12},
	publisher = {Temple University Press},
	author = {Schmidt, Ronald},
	year = {2000},
}





@book{schmidt_interpreting_2020,
	address = {New York, NY},
	title = {Interpreting {Racial} {Politics} in the {United} {States}},
	isbn = {978-1-315-46965-2},
	url = {https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/mono/10.4324/9781315469652/interpreting-racial-politics-united-states-ronald-schmidt-sr},
	abstract = {Few subjects of social scientific inquiry need interpretive analysis more than the topic of racial politics, yet most US political science employs a narrowly behavioralist orientation. This book argues that it is time for political scientists studying race to more fully engage the issues that generate its political significance. Drawing on the work of interpretive political scholars and methods, Ron Schmidt, Sr. addresses core questions regarding racial politics in the US to demonstrate the value of using interpretive methods to better understand the meaning and significance of political actions, structures and conflicts involving racial identities—not instead of behavioral research but as a necessary addition. Interpreting Racial Politics in the United States will greatly enhance the evolving conversations concerning race and inequality within the US. It will be of great interest to students and scholars of politics and sociology, but also to those interested in deepening their understanding of racial politics.},
	language = {en},
	urldate = {2024-08-12},
	publisher = {Routledge},
	author = {Schmidt, Ronald},
	month = dec,
	year = {2020},
	doi = {10.4324/9781315469652},
}









@article{lawniczak_practice_2019,
	title = {The {Practice} {Turn} {Contribution} to {Socialisation} and {Decision}-{Making} in {Research} in {EU} {Studies}.},
	issn = {2247-0514, 2247-0514},
	url = {https://www.ceeol.com/search/article-detail?id=801375},
	abstract = {“Practice turn” can potentially influence both the theory and methods applied in EU studies. This paper attempts to grasp the most important features of this approach, as they could prove relevant to the study of decision-making at the European level. The point of departure is a research project on the role of socialisation mechanisms in the Council of the European Union, which was rooted in constructivism and used process tracing type case studies as its main method. The paper explores the principles and promises of practice turn and, more generally, of interpretive social science. It describes methods and practical considerations of tracing practices and studying the understandings they contain. Showing the limitations of a more conventional approach to issues such as supranational socialisation and decision-making, the paper argues for practice-oriented research by describing the opportunities and advantages it offers.},
	language = {English},
	number = {30},
	urldate = {2024-08-12},
	journal = {Online Journal Modelling the New Europe},
	author = {Ławniczak, Kamil},
	year = {2019},
	note = {Publisher: Facultatea de Studii Europene -Universitatea Babeş-Bolyai},
	keywords = {constructivism, interpretive methodology, interpretive methods, meaning-making, social practices},
	pages = {4--22},
}





@book{schaffer_democracy_1998,
	address = {Ithaca, NY},
	title = {Democracy in {Translation}: {Understanding} {Politics} in an {Unfamiliar} {Culture}},
	isbn = {978-0-8014-3398-6},
	url = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.7591/j.ctv3s8r9h},
	urldate = {2024-08-12},
	publisher = {Cornell University Press},
	author = {Schaffer, Frederic C.},
	year = {1998},
}









@article{saarikoski_understanding_2013,
	title = {Understanding ‘successful’ conflict resolution: {Policy} regime changes and new interactive arenas in the {Great} {Bear} {Rainforest}},
	volume = {32},
	issn = {0264-8377},
	shorttitle = {Understanding ‘successful’ conflict resolution},
	url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0264837712002074},
	doi = {10.1016/j.landusepol.2012.10.019},
	abstract = {The paper seeks to shed new light on both the dynamics and possibilities for resolving complex land use conflicts by examining the development of the Great Bear Rainforest (GBR) Agreement in British Columbia, Canada. This agreement signalled a major policy change in the region by increasing the protection of old growth forests from 9\% to 33\% of the total planning area and by promoting more environmentally friendly logging practices though the establishment of ecosystem-based management. It also gave rise to new land use planning relationships between the Province and First Nations. Our analysis shows that ‘success’ in reaching agreement in land use conflicts can be better understood when political science's work on policy regimes and their background conditions is combined with planning theory's work on deliberative processes. We suggest that collaborative planning theory can complement the policy regime approach by highlighting how process design and the interactions that occur within policy arenas provide the physical and organisational spaces for dialogue, collaboration and policy change. The policy regime approach, on the other hand, helps draws attention to the dynamics of policy processes and consequent changes in governance relations that motivate actors to work together, instead of against each other.},
	urldate = {2024-08-12},
	journal = {Land Use Policy},
	author = {Saarikoski, Heli and Raitio, Kaisa and Barry, Janice},
	month = may,
	year = {2013},
	keywords = {Collaborative environmental management, Deliberative planning, Environmental governance, Forest policy, Land use conflicts, Policy regime approach},
	pages = {271--280},
}













@article{rohava_politics_2020,
	title = {The politics of state celebrations in {Belarus}},
	volume = {26},
	copyright = {© 2020 The Author. Nations and Nationalism published by Association for the Study of Ethnicity and Nationalism and John Wiley \& Sons Ltd},
	issn = {1469-8129},
	url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/nana.12653},
	doi = {10.1111/nana.12653},
	abstract = {National celebrations have been defined as manifestations of collective identities that glorify the nation and strengthen the national community. However, the magnitude and design of celebrations in autocratic states indicate a different ideational function that these symbolic events play in an autocratic political system. Autocratic elites have the administrative capacity to distort everyday routines and impose ideological principles of how people participate in state celebrations. How citizens engage in official celebratory practices in an authoritarian political context formulates a valuable contribution to the conceptualisation of national celebrations. Drawing on focus group discussions and ethnographic observations, I investigate how people negotiate meanings of celebratory and commemorative practices in the context of autocratic Belarus. I discuss how volatile the symbolic politics is when the invention of new symbolic traditions or the reinvention of old narratives does not appeal to all social groups and lacks authenticity.},
	language = {en},
	number = {4},
	urldate = {2024-08-12},
	journal = {Nations and Nationalism},
	author = {Rohava, Maryia},
	year = {2020},
	note = {\_eprint: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/nana.12653},
	keywords = {Belarus, authoritarian regimes, everyday nationalism/nationalism from below/local nationalism, nation building, national celebrations},
	pages = {883--901},
}









@article{roederer-rynning_black_2020,
	title = {Black boxes and open secrets: trilogues as ‘politicised diplomacy’},
	volume = {44},
	issn = {0140-2382},
	shorttitle = {Black boxes and open secrets},
	url = {https://doi.org/10.1080/01402382.2020.1716526},
	doi = {10.1080/01402382.2020.1716526},
	abstract = {Why do EU actors promote secluded fora of decision making even as they have committed themselves to open and public lawmaking? How do they perceive and reconcile the ensuing tensions in practice? These questions, arising amidst growing public controversy, point to a blind spot in the scholarly agenda on EU lawmaking, which has overwhelmingly focused on the games institutions play. From an interpretivist perspective, we argue that rules are ‘made’ not by detached officials, but by practitioners puzzling out the meaning of their actions in their everyday experiences. Based on extensive interview material, the article captures trilogues as ‘politicised diplomacy’ and shows how they have become a ‘permeable institution’, shaped by dense flows of exchange between ‘insiders’ and ‘outsiders’. The article helps pinpoint to what extent and how trilogues challenge democratic norms; and it punctures the myth of trilogues as quiet politics dominated by producer interests.},
	number = {3},
	urldate = {2024-08-12},
	journal = {West European Politics},
	author = {Roederer-Rynning, Christilla and Greenwood, Justin},
	month = dec,
	year = {2020},
	note = {Publisher: Routledge
\_eprint: https://doi.org/10.1080/01402382.2020.1716526},
	keywords = {interpretive research, ordinary legislative procedure, politicised diplomacy, seclusion, trilogues},
	pages = {485--509},
}





@book{riofrancos_resource_2020,
	address = {Durham, NC},
	title = {Resource {Radicals}: {From} {Petro}-{Nationalism} to {Post}-{Extractivism} in {Ecuador}},
	isbn = {978-1-4780-0796-8},
	url = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctv14t48kg},
	abstract = {In 2007, the left came to power in Ecuador. In the years that followed, the "twenty-first-century socialist" government and a
coalition of grassroots activists came to blows over the extraction of natural resources. Each side declared the other a perversion of leftism and the principles of socioeconomic equality, popular
empowerment, and anti-imperialism. In {\textless}em{\textgreater}Resource Radicals{\textless}/em{\textgreater}, Thea Riofrancos unpacks the conflict between these two leftisms: on the one hand, the administration's resource nationalism and focus on economic development; and on the other, the anti-extractivism of grassroots activists who condemned the government's disregard for nature and indigenous communities. In this archival and
ethnographic study, Riofrancos expands the study of resource
politics by decentering state resource policy and locating it in a field of political struggle populated by actors with conflicting
visions of resource extraction. She demonstrates how Ecuador's
commodity-dependent economy and history of indigenous uprisings
offer a unique opportunity to understand development, democracy,
and the ecological foundations of global capitalism.},
	urldate = {2024-08-12},
	publisher = {Duke University Press},
	author = {Riofrancos, Thea},
	year = {2020},
	doi = {10.2307/j.ctv14t48kg},
}





@book{rhodes_interpretive_2017,
	address = {Oxford, UK},
	title = {Interpretive {Political} {Science}: {Selected} {Essays}, {Volume} {II}},
	isbn = {978-0-19-878611-5},
	url = {https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198786115.001.0001},
	abstract = {This collection of essays is Volume II in a retrospective of previous publications. It looks forward and explores the ‘interpretive turn’ and its implications for the craft of political science, especially public administration. It draws together articles from 2005 onwards on the theme of ‘the interpretive turn’ in political science. Part I provides a summary statement of the interpretive approach. It provides the context for what follows. Part II develops the theme of blurring genres. It discusses a variety of research methods common in the humanities, including: ethnographic fieldwork, life history, and focus groups. Part III shows how the genres of thought and presentation found in the humanities can be used in political science. It presents four examples of such blurring ‘at work’ with studies of: applied anthropology and civil service reform; women’s studies and government departments; storytelling and local knowledge; and area studies and comparing Westminster governments. The book concludes with a summary of what is edifying about an interpretive approach, and why this approach matters. It revisits some of the more common criticisms before indulging in plausible conjectures about the future of interpretivism. The author’s main concern is to make the case for an interpretive approach by showing how it refreshes old topics and opens new empirical topics. The author seeks new and interesting ways to explore governance, high politics, public policies, and the study of public administration in general. So, the emphasis is on methods, and providing several examples of the approach ‘at work’.},
	urldate = {2024-12-08},
	publisher = {Oxford University Press},
	author = {Rhodes, R. A. W.},
	month = jul,
	year = {2017},
	doi = {10.1093/oso/9780198786115.001.0001},
}













@article{reyes_spectacle_2016,
	title = {The {Spectacle} of {Violence} in {Duterte}'s “{War} on {Drugs}”},
	volume = {35},
	issn = {1868-1034},
	url = {https://doi.org/10.1177/186810341603500306},
	doi = {10.1177/186810341603500306},
	abstract = {This article argues that, in Duterte's “war on drugs”, state power is exercised through the body in a spectacle of humiliation and violence. The analysis draws from the work of Foucault (1979) on the political value of a spectacle of the body to explain the distinctive character of Duterte's violent war on drugs; of Feldman (1991) on the use of the body as an object in which violence is embodied to send political messages; of Agamben (1995) on eliminating life supposedly devoid of value; and on Mumford et al. (2007), who pointed to the popularity of “violent ideological leaders.” I argue that, under the Duterte administration, criminals are humiliated and killed in a spectacle of violence that politicises their lives, sending a message that intimidates others. In the process, law-abiding citizens are meant to feel safe, which is seen as likely to increase the newly elected president's popularity and his power as chief executive. Duterte has thereby politicised life, not only putting criminals outside the benefit of state protection but actively targeting them. Duterte is the first mayor and president to have actively targeted criminals and, in doing so has encouraged other politicians to follow his example. The politicisation of the bodies of criminals is distinctive in Duterte's form of violence. This article is drawn from data sets of individual killings when Duterte was either serving as or acting behind the mayor of Davao, and compared with cases of drug-related killings since he became president on 30 June 2016.},
	language = {en},
	number = {3},
	urldate = {2024-08-12},
	journal = {Journal of Current Southeast Asian Affairs},
	author = {Reyes, Danilo Andres},
	month = dec,
	year = {2016},
	note = {Publisher: SAGE Publications Ltd},
	pages = {111--137},
}





@article{quick_learning_2014,
	title = {Learning to facilitate deliberation: practicing the art of hosting},
	volume = {8},
	issn = {1946-0171},
	shorttitle = {Learning to facilitate deliberation},
	url = {https://doi.org/10.1080/19460171.2014.912959},
	doi = {10.1080/19460171.2014.912959},
	abstract = {Deliberation is increasingly embraced as a mode of policy-making, and this paper focuses on how facilitators of deliberative policy processes become critical, pragmatic practitioners of their complex craft. We analyze how deliberation facilitators learn to do their work through ethnographic study of an approach to facilitation known as the Art of Hosting and Harvesting Conversations that Matter. We identify three ways in which people learning to facilitate transform knowledge so that they become skilled facilitators. They do so by metabolizing hosting techniques to understand and incorporate or eschew them their repertoire; by situating hosting knowledge to apply or adapt it in particular contexts; and by coproducing knowledge of hosting with a community of practitioners. We demonstrate how these learning processes support public policy deliberations through illustrations and discuss the potential contributions of the Art of Hosting for enhancing societal capacities for deliberative policy-making.},
	number = {3},
	urldate = {2024-08-12},
	journal = {Critical Policy Studies},
	author = {Quick, Kathryn and Sandfort, Jodi},
	month = jul,
	year = {2014},
	note = {Publisher: Routledge
\_eprint: https://doi.org/10.1080/19460171.2014.912959},
	keywords = {art of hosting, facilitation, knowledge production, learning theories, policy deliberation, pragmatism},
	pages = {300--322},
}





@book{pouliot_international_2016,
	address = {Cambridge, UK},
	title = {International {Pecking} {Orders}: {The} {Politics} and {Practice} of {Multilateral} {Diplomacy}},
	isbn = {978-1-107-14343-2},
	shorttitle = {International {Pecking} {Orders}},
	url = {https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/international-pecking-orders/A7C62B3209277B40EB4D594E30233B58},
	abstract = {In any multilateral setting, some state representatives weigh much more heavily than others. Practitioners often refer to this form of diplomatic hierarchy as the 'international pecking order'. This book is a study of international hierarchy in practice, as it emerges out of the multilateral diplomatic process. Building on the social theories of Erving Goffman and Pierre Bourdieu, it argues that diplomacy produces inequality. Delving into the politics and inner dynamics of NATO and the UN as case studies, Vincent Pouliot shows that pecking orders are eminently complex social forms: contingent yet durable; constraining but also full of agency; operating at different levels, depending on issues; and defined in significant part locally, in and through the practice of multilateral diplomacy.},
	urldate = {2024-08-12},
	publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
	author = {Pouliot, Vincent},
	year = {2016},
	doi = {10.1017/CBO9781316534564},
}













@article{picard_exploring_2013,
	title = {Exploring the {Significance} of {Emotion} for {Mediation} {Practice}},
	volume = {31},
	copyright = {© Wiley Periodicals, Inc., and the Association for Conflict Resolution},
	issn = {1541-1508},
	url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/crq.21078},
	doi = {10.1002/crq.21078},
	abstract = {The authors report on their exploratory study examining the learning process embedded in mediation. Their research procedures involved directed reflexive journaling followed by group discussions to generate insights into how mediation practitioners experience learning in mediation. The significance and role of emotion emerged as central to the dynamic of this learning process. The research indicates that the experience of positive and negative emotions attached to learning needs to be allowed and attended to within the mediation dynamic. This suggests that mediation practitioners need the competence to follow and understand their own learning-attached emotions as well as those of the parties.},
	language = {en},
	number = {1},
	urldate = {2024-08-12},
	journal = {Conflict Resolution Quarterly},
	author = {Picard, Cheryl and Siltanen, Janet},
	year = {2013},
	note = {\_eprint: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/crq.21078},
	pages = {31--55},
}





@article{paul_harmonisation_2017,
	title = {Harmonisation by risk analysis? {Frontex} and the risk-based governance of {European} border control},
	volume = {39},
	issn = {0703-6337},
	shorttitle = {Harmonisation by risk analysis?},
	url = {https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/07036337.2017.1320553},
	doi = {10.1080/07036337.2017.1320553},
	abstract = {Scholars have highlighted the importance of Frontex risk analysis in the institutionalisation of EU-level border control without, however, sufficiently substantiating alleged harmonisation dynamics. This paper interrogates how and why EU-level actors seek to exploit risk analysis to harmonise European border control. An interpretive policy analysis of three contemporary applications of Frontex risk analysis – the Eurosur impact level assessment, the Schengen evaluation and monitoring mechanism and resource allocation in the Internal Security Fund – indicates that Frontex and the Commission found their harmonisation hopes on the rationalisation promises of risk-based governance – efficiency, effectiveness, and transparency gains and de-politicisation effects. This multi-functional rationalisation of Community decision-making is meant to justify increased EU-level coordination and interventions without challenging member state competencies, thereby enabling soft harmonisation processes in the weakly integrated and much contested domain. Rather than merely adhering to securitisation goals, risk analysis represents a magic bullet in the EU’s own institutional risk management.},
	number = {6},
	urldate = {2024-08-12},
	journal = {Journal of European Integration},
	author = {Paul, Regine},
	month = sep,
	year = {2017},
	note = {Publisher: Routledge},
	keywords = {European integration, Frontex, border control, institutionalism, risk analysis, risk-based governance},
	pages = {689--706},
}









@article{pike_life_2021,
	title = {‘{A} {Life} of {Their} {Own}’? {Traditions}, {Power} and ‘{As} {If} {Realism}’ in {Political} {Analysis}},
	volume = {69},
	issn = {0032-3217},
	shorttitle = {‘{A} {Life} of {Their} {Own}’?},
	url = {https://doi.org/10.1177/0032321720921502},
	doi = {10.1177/0032321720921502},
	abstract = {This article explores the role of tradition in the social world and offers a theory of why some traditions ‘stick’. Building on the ontological insight of ‘as if realism’, I argue that traditions are constitutive both of an actor’s beliefs and of their institutional context, and so critical to political analysis. The relative resonance of traditions can be understood as contingent upon power relations and ideational maintenance of traditions by groups of upholders – what could be termed ‘socially contingent’. Traditions help us understand why a person believes what they believe and how a person’s strategic calculations are affected by perceptions of what others believe. They exert a powerful pull to political actors as orientation tools in complex social settings and through the symbols and argumentation attached by those who uphold them. While traditions are contingent upon people’s beliefs, it is ‘as if’ they have a life of their own.},
	language = {en},
	number = {3},
	urldate = {2024-08-12},
	journal = {Political Studies},
	author = {Pike, Karl},
	month = aug,
	year = {2021},
	note = {Publisher: SAGE Publications Ltd},
	pages = {709--724},
}





@book{pachirat_every_2011,
	address = {New Haven, CT},
	title = {Every {Twelve} {Seconds}: {Industrialized} {Slaughter} and the {Politics} of {Sight}},
	isbn = {978-0-300-15267-8},
	url = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt5vm69m},
	abstract = {This is an account of industrialized killing from a participant's point of view. The author, political scientist Timothy Pachirat, was employed undercover for five months in a Great Plains slaughterhouse where 2,500 cattle were killed per day-one every twelve seconds. Working in the cooler as a liver hanger, in the chutes as a cattle driver, and on the kill floor as a food-safety quality-control worker, Pachirat experienced firsthand the realities of the work of killing in modern society. He uses those experiences to explore not only the slaughter industry but also how, as a society, we facilitate violent labor and hide away that which is too repugnant to contemplate./p pThrough his vivid narrative and ethnographic approach, Pachirat brings to life massive, routine killing from the perspective of those who take part in it. He shows how surveillance and sequestration operate within the slaughterhouse and in its interactions with the community at large. He also considers how society is organized to distance and hide uncomfortable realities from view. With much to say about issues ranging from the sociology of violence and modern food production to animal rights and welfare, emEvery Twelve Seconds/em is an important and disturbing work./p},
	urldate = {2024-08-12},
	publisher = {Yale University Press},
	author = {Pachirat, Timothy},
	year = {2011},
	doi = {10.2307/j.ctt5vm69m},
}









@article{orr_relational_2017,
	title = {Relational {Leadership}, {Storytelling}, and {Narratives}: {Practices} of {Local} {Government} {Chief} {Executives}},
	volume = {77},
	copyright = {© 2016 by The American Society for Public Administration},
	issn = {1540-6210},
	shorttitle = {Relational {Leadership}, {Storytelling}, and {Narratives}},
	url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/puar.12680},
	doi = {10.1111/puar.12680},
	abstract = {This article examines the storytelling and narrative practices of an elite group of public administrators in the United Kingdom: local government chief executives. The authors do so through the lens of relationality, exploring the collective dimensions of leadership. The focus on leadership and stories embraces the narrative turn in public administration scholarship. It responds to calls for research examining the distinctive settings of everyday leadership action. The contribution to theory is a qualitative understanding of the relational ways in which stories and narratives are used in the practices of public administration leaders. The article analyzes four ways in which such leadership is accomplished: inviting an emotional connection and commitment to public service, making sense of organizational realities, provoking reflections on practices and assumptions, and managing relations with politicians. The authors offer an appreciation of how relational leadership influence can be generated by expressive narratives and storytelling rather than stemming from bureaucratic authority.},
	language = {en},
	number = {4},
	urldate = {2024-08-12},
	journal = {Public Administration Review},
	author = {Orr, Kevin and Bennett, Mike},
	year = {2017},
	note = {\_eprint: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/puar.12680},
	pages = {515--527},
}





@book{oren_our_2003,
	address = {Ithaca, NY},
	title = {Our {Enemies} and {US}: {America}'s {Rivalries} and the {Making} of {Political} {Science}},
	isbn = {978-0-8014-3566-9},
	shorttitle = {Our {Enemies} and {US}},
	url = {https://www.cornellpress.cornell.edu/book/9780801478949/our-enemies-and-us/#bookTabs=1},
	abstract = {Ido Oren challenges American political science's definition of itself as an objective science attached to democracy. The material Oren unearthed in his research into the discipline's ideological nature may discomfit many: Woodrow Wilson's admiration of Prussia's efficient bureaucracy; the favorable review of Mein Kampf published in the American Political Science Review; the involvement of political scientists in village pacification and interrogation of Viet Cong prisoners during the Vietnam War. Oren reveals the fervently pro-German views of the founder of the discipline, John W. Burgess, who stated that the Teutonic race was politically superior to all others, and he presents evidence of a long-term, intimate relationship between the discipline and the national security agencies of the U.S. government.Oren documents a systematic pattern of historical change in the discipline's characterization of America and America's chief enemies (Imperial Germany, Nazi Germany, Fascist Italy, and Stalin's Russia). These characterizations, he finds, swing from pre-conflict ideological "accommodationism" to post-conflict "nationalism." Substantial traces of this historical process, in which politics and scholarship intertwine, still remain in the supposedly objective concepts and data sets of contemporary political science.Our Enemies and US is more than an exposé, however. Oren urges academics to be more sensitive to the moral ramifications of their work and to reflect on issues fundamental to the identity of political science. The discipline, he says, must take into account the historical position of its own scholarship.},
	language = {en},
	publisher = {Cornell University Press},
	author = {Oren, Ido},
	year = {2003},
	keywords = {Education / History, History / United States / 20th Century, Political Science / American Government / General, Political Science / History \& Theory, Political Science / International Relations / General},
}









@article{oren_subjectivity_1995,
	title = {The {Subjectivity} of the "{Democratic}" {Peace}: {Changing} {U}.{S}. {Perceptions} of {Imperial} {Germany}},
	volume = {20},
	issn = {0162-2889},
	shorttitle = {The {Subjectivity} of the "{Democratic}" {Peace}},
	url = {https://www.jstor.org/stable/2539232},
	doi = {10.2307/2539232},
	number = {2},
	urldate = {2024-08-12},
	journal = {International Security},
	author = {Oren, Ido},
	year = {1995},
	note = {Publisher: The MIT Press},
	pages = {147--184},
}





@article{novovic_shifting_2022,
	title = {Shifting frames: balancing methodological inclusivity and policy relevance of feminist research},
	volume = {24},
	issn = {1461-6742},
	shorttitle = {Shifting frames},
	url = {https://doi.org/10.1080/14616742.2021.1952887},
	doi = {10.1080/14616742.2021.1952887},
	abstract = {Feminist scholars working in international development are often challenged to devise inclusive feminist methodologies and produce evidence-based policy recommendations to inform hegemonic policy processes. The quantitative hegemonic policy frames, however, stand in contrast with interpretative feminist approaches. Feminists face a choice between producing purely academic content or acting as mediators and insiders/outsiders in policy arenas. Feminists are thus called to bridge feminist and dominant policy frames and in this way disrupt hegemonic categories of analysis. This article is based on a case study employing two research methods to examine the activism of Indigenous women opposing the Fenix mine operations in Guatemala. Semi-structured interviews and focus group discussions confirmed practical recommendations directed at traditional decision makers, while photo elicitation interviews reflected structural and cultural frames demonstrating the deeper repercussions of the exploitative and institutionalized practices of the mining industry. Translating local symbols, norms, and cultural practices into the policy frames of decision makers, however, requires deliberate efforts by feminists. This work should not be undermined, neither in terms of the preparation of feminist researchers, nor in light of debates around collective feminist scholarship and collaboration among community-engaged scholars.},
	number = {5},
	urldate = {2024-08-12},
	journal = {International Feminist Journal of Politics},
	author = {Novovic, Gloria and Tatham, Rebecca},
	month = oct,
	year = {2022},
	note = {Publisher: Routledge
\_eprint: https://doi.org/10.1080/14616742.2021.1952887},
	keywords = {Feminist methodology, Guatemala, Indigenous studies, extractive industries, policy frames},
	pages = {699--720},
}





@article{nishiyama_between_2020,
	title = {Between protection and participation: {Rethinking} children’s rights to participate in protests on streets, online spaces, and schools},
	volume = {19},
	issn = {1475-4835},
	shorttitle = {Between protection and participation},
	url = {https://doi.org/10.1080/14754835.2020.1783523},
	doi = {10.1080/14754835.2020.1783523},
	abstract = {This article engages in a critical reflection on children’s right to participation, focusing on their participation in three key spaces—streets, online spaces, and schools. These spaces are mentioned frequently in UN documents, yet the principle of protection tends to trump that of participation when it comes to children’s activity in these spaces. Such treatment would not only underestimate the participatory dynamics of these spaces but also reinforce the dominant understanding of children as vulnerable, passive, and immature beings. By critically examining UNICEF’s annual report, “The State of the World’s Children,” through a qualitative content analysis and drawing on recent counterexamples of children’s activities in these spaces, this article reconceptualizes the participatory capacities of these spaces.},
	number = {4},
	urldate = {2024-08-12},
	journal = {Journal of Human Rights},
	author = {Nishiyama, Kei},
	month = aug,
	year = {2020},
	note = {Publisher: Routledge
\_eprint: https://doi.org/10.1080/14754835.2020.1783523},
	pages = {501--517},
}





@article{nisar_children_2018,
	title = {Children of a {Lesser} {God}: {Administrative} {Burden} and {Social} {Equity} in {Citizen}–{State} {Interactions}},
	volume = {28},
	issn = {1053-1858},
	url = {https://doi.org/10.1093/jopart/mux025},
	doi = {10.1093/jopart/mux025},
	abstract = {An important research agenda in public administration is to investigate how formal and realized public policy influences the lives of marginalized social groups. Recently, reinvigorated research on administrative burden can make useful contributions to this line of inquiry. Using ethnographic research methods, this article analyzes administrative burden experienced by the Khawaja Sira—individuals culturally defined as neither men nor women—of Pakistan in getting a legal ID. In doing so, this article contributes to a better understanding of the role played by third parties, administrative behavior and social factors play in influencing the level of administrative burden and social inequity for genderqueer groups.},
	number = {1},
	urldate = {2024-12-08},
	journal = {Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory},
	author = {Nisar, Muhammad A},
	month = jan,
	year = {2018},
	pages = {104--119},
}





@book{nielsen_deadly_2017,
	address = {Cambridge, UK},
	series = {Cambridge {Studies} in {Comparative} {Politics}},
	title = {Deadly {Clerics}: {Blocked} {Ambition} and the {Paths} to {Jihad}},
	isbn = {978-1-108-41668-9},
	shorttitle = {Deadly {Clerics}},
	url = {https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/deadly-clerics/DAB04B6A1137EFC51053C751617EA832},
	abstract = {Deadly Clerics explains why some Muslim clerics adopt the ideology of militant jihadism while most do not. The book explores multiple pathways of cleric radicalization and shows that the interplay of academic, religious, and political institutions has influenced the rise of modern jihadism through a mechanism of blocked ambition. As long as clerics' academic ambitions remain attainable, they are unlikely to espouse violent jihad. Clerics who are forced out of academia are more likely to turn to jihad for two reasons: jihadist ideas are attractive to those who see the system as turning against them, and preaching a jihad ideology can help these outsider clerics attract supporters and funds. The book draws on evidence from various sources, including large-scale statistical analysis of texts and network data obtained from the Internet, case studies of clerics' lives, and ethnographic participant observations at sites in Cairo, Egypt.},
	urldate = {2024-08-12},
	publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
	author = {Nielsen, Richard A.},
	year = {2017},
	doi = {10.1017/9781108241700},
}









@article{nagy_truth_2014,
	title = {The {Truth} and {Reconciliation} {Commission} of {Canada}: {Genesis} and {Design}},
	volume = {29},
	issn = {0829-3201, 1911-0227},
	shorttitle = {The {Truth} and {Reconciliation} {Commission} of {Canada}},
	url = {https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/canadian-journal-of-law-and-society-la-revue-canadienne-droit-et-societe/article/abs/truth-and-reconciliation-commission-of-canada-genesis-and-design1/0EE04799DDAE376B2E38ECB0553E5528},
	doi = {10.1017/cls.2014.8},
	abstract = {How and why did Canada end up with a Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC) rather than a judicially based public inquiry in response to Indian Residential Schools? Using a constructivist-interpretivist approach with interview research with twenty-three key actors, this article traces the path toward the Indian Residential Schools Settlement Agreement. It examines in particular the shift from calls for public inquiry to truth and reconciliation. In sourcing the idea of a TRC, it gauges the balance between transnational influences and home-grown elements and suggests that two different approaches to a truth commission were merged during the settlement negotiations. One approach, associated with the Assembly of First Nations, focuses on accountability and public record, and the other, associated with survivor and Protestant organizations, is more grassroots and community-focused. This article looks at hybridity and gaps in the TRC’s design, suggesting that the two visions of a truth commission continue to exist in tension., Comment et pourquoi le Canada a-t-il abouti avec une Commission de vérité et réconciliation (CVR) plutôt que de mettre en place une enquête publique judiciaire sur le système de pensionnats indiens ? À l’aide d’une approche constructiviste-interprétative et de travaux de recherche effectués au moyen d’entrevues avec vingt-trois principaux acteurs, cet article trace le parcours vers la Convention de règlement relative aux pensionnats indiens. Il examine notamment le passage des demandes d’une enquête publique vers des demandes de vérité et réconciliation. Examinant le concept d’une CVR, ce texte mesure le juste équilibre entre les influences transnationales et les éléments canadiens et suggère que deux différentes approches d’une commission de vérité ont été combinées lors des négociations menées en vue du règlement. L’une des approches, associée à l’Assemblée des Premières Nations, est centrée sur la responsabilisation et le domaine public, tandis que l’autre, associée aux organisations protestantes et de survivants, est davantage centrée sur des idées populaires et communautaires. Cet article examine l’hybridité ainsi que les lacunes dans la conception de la CVR et suggère que les deux visions d’une commission de vérité continuent d’exister en tension.},
	language = {en},
	number = {2},
	urldate = {2024-08-12},
	journal = {Canadian Journal of Law and Society / La Revue Canadienne Droit et Société},
	author = {Nagy, Rosemary},
	month = aug,
	year = {2014},
	keywords = {Commission de vérité et réconciliation du Canada, Convention de règlement relative aux pensionnats indiens, Indian Residential Schools Settlement Agreement, Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada, commissions de vérité, constructivist-interpretivist research, justice transitionnelle, recherche constructiviste-interprétative, transitional justice, truth commissions},
	pages = {199--217},
}









@article{murthy_international_2016,
	title = {International {Responsibility} as {Solidarity}: {The} {Impact} of the {World} {Summit} {Negotiations} on the {R2P} {Trajectory}},
	volume = {30},
	issn = {1360-0826},
	shorttitle = {International {Responsibility} as {Solidarity}},
	url = {https://doi.org/10.1080/13600826.2015.1094451},
	doi = {10.1080/13600826.2015.1094451},
	abstract = {The 2005 World Summit's endorsement of a responsibility to protect people from atrocity crimes, widely hailed as a landmark agreement, became possible through a discursive shift in the negotiations leading up to the summit, where a normative approach of international solidarity started to replace bitter debates about the legitimacy of military intervention. This approach identified the lack of sufficient state capacities to adequately deal with atrocity crimes as a core problem, with capacity building and international assistance as solutions. Consequently, the outcome document was most influential in these areas, enabling policy entrepreneurs to further institutionalise early warning in the UN Secretariat, frame international disputes in more sovereignty-friendly and thus relatively constructive terms, and fit with a broader trend towards ever more robust peace operations with the priority mandate to protect civilians. This means R2P remains largely tied to non-state violence, however, leaving unresolved the perennial question of international actions concerning repressive states.},
	number = {1},
	urldate = {2024-08-12},
	journal = {Global Society},
	author = {Murthy, C.S.R. and Kurtz, Gerrit},
	month = jan,
	year = {2016},
	note = {Publisher: Routledge
\_eprint: https://doi.org/10.1080/13600826.2015.1094451},
	pages = {38--53},
}





@article{mukhtarov_rethinking_2014,
	title = {Rethinking the travel of ideas: policy translation in the water sector},
	volume = {42},
	shorttitle = {Rethinking the travel of ideas},
	url = {https://bristoluniversitypressdigital.com/view/journals/pp/42/1/article-p71.xml},
	doi = {10.1332/030557312X655459},
	abstract = {The travel of policy ideas across countries is a widely acknowledged phenomenon. Conventional approaches to the study of this process hinge on concepts such as ‘policy transfer’, ‘policy diffusion’, ‘lesson-drawing’ and ‘institutional isomorphism’. These approaches are influential in understanding public policy; however, they assume perfect rationality of actors, the stability of governance scales and the immutability of policy ideas in their travel. I propose policy translation as a new approach to counter these shortcomings and study the travel of policy ideas in order to shed light on pertaining policy questions, such as whether the travel of policy ideas may be navigated, and if so, how. I illustrate the relevance and value of policy translation with a case study from the water sector in Turkey.},
	language = {en},
	number = {1},
	urldate = {2024-08-12},
	journal = {Policy Press},
	author = {Mukhtarov, Farhad},
	month = jan,
	year = {2014},
	note = {Section: Policy \& Politics},
	keywords = {contingency, meaning, policy transfer, policy translation, scale},
	pages = {71--88},
}









@article{metze_fracking_2017,
	title = {Fracking the {Debate}: {Frame} {Shifts} and {Boundary} {Work} in {Dutch} {Decision} {Making} on {Shale} {Gas}},
	volume = {19},
	issn = {1523-908X},
	shorttitle = {Fracking the {Debate}},
	url = {https://doi.org/10.1080/1523908X.2014.941462},
	doi = {10.1080/1523908X.2014.941462},
	abstract = {The meaning of hydraulic fracturing for shale gas is contested worldwide: is it an energy game changer, a transition fuel, or a technology that poses severe environmental problems? In the Netherlands, a policy controversy developed in which fracturing was reframed from ‘business as usual’ to a potential environmental risk. This article theoretically and empirically describes this shift by arguing that the technology of hydraulic fracturing for shale gas is a boundary object that created a sphere of engagement for all sorts of actors. In this sphere, they negotiated a common but soft meaning of this technology. These negotiations consisted of frame contests. As part of those contests, the discursive strategies of framing and boundary work enabled opponents to create uncertainty about economic benefits and environmental impact. The shift in meaning transformed the issue from an economic one with standard governmental rules and regulations into a planning issue that needs more precaution.},
	number = {1},
	urldate = {2024-08-12},
	journal = {Journal of Environmental Policy \& Planning},
	author = {Metze, Tamara},
	month = jan,
	year = {2017},
	note = {Publisher: Routledge
\_eprint: https://doi.org/10.1080/1523908X.2014.941462},
	keywords = {Shale gas, boundary object, boundary work, framing, hydraulic fracturing},
	pages = {35--52},
}









@article{meakin_explaining_2022,
	title = {Explaining {Change} in {Legislatures}: {Dilemmas} of {Managerial} {Reform} in the {UK} {House} of {Commons}},
	volume = {70},
	issn = {0032-3217},
	shorttitle = {Explaining {Change} in {Legislatures}},
	url = {https://doi.org/10.1177/0032321720955127},
	doi = {10.1177/0032321720955127},
	abstract = {How do institutions adapt and reform themselves in response to new challenges? This article considers the role of ideas and posits that the concept of ‘dilemma’ – clashes of beliefs played out through power relations and practices – offers a complementary tool to understand institutional change. It draws on the 2014 appointment of a new Clerk to the UK House of Commons – in which conflicting beliefs about the House of Commons administration opened a dilemma for key parliamentary actors – as a token case study to highlight the value of the concepts of beliefs, practices and dilemmas. It further broadens out these findings to consider the value of a wider interpretive approach for understanding how institutions may adapt and change. In doing so, it makes (1) a theoretical contribution by exploring the role of ideas in causing institutional change and (2) an empirical contribution through its analysis of parliamentary administration, an understudied area.},
	language = {en},
	number = {1},
	urldate = {2024-08-12},
	journal = {Political Studies},
	author = {Meakin, Alexandra and Geddes, Marc},
	month = feb,
	year = {2022},
	note = {Publisher: SAGE Publications Ltd},
	pages = {216--235},
}





@book{maynard-moody_cops_2003,
	address = {Ann Arbor, MI},
	title = {Cops, {Teachers}, {Counselors}},
	isbn = {978-0-472-09832-3},
	url = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.3998/mpub.11924},
	abstract = {Whether on a patrol beat, in social service offices, or in public school classrooms, street-level workers continually confront rules in relation to their own beliefs about the people they encounter. Cops, Teachers, Counselors is the first major study of street-level bureaucracy to rely on storytelling. Steven Maynard-Moody and Michael Musheno collect the stories told by these workers in order to analyze the ways that they ascribe identities to the people they encounter and use these identities to account for their own decisions and actions. The authors show us how the world of street-level work is defined by the competing tensions of law abidance and cultural abidance in a unique study that finally allows cops, teachers, and counselors to voice their own views of their work.Steven Maynard-Moody is Director of the Policy Research Institute and Professor of Public Administration at the University of Kansas.Michael Musheno is Professor of Justice and Policy Studies at Lycoming College and Professor Emeritus of Justice Studies, Arizona State University.},
	urldate = {2024-08-12},
	publisher = {University of Michigan Press},
	author = {Maynard-Moody, Steven and Musheno, Michael},
	year = {2003},
	doi = {10.3998/mpub.11924},
}





@article{maynard-moody_state_2000,
	title = {State {Agent} or {Citizen} {Agent}: {Two} {Narratives} of {Discretion}},
	volume = {10},
	issn = {1053-1858},
	url = {https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.jpart.a024272},
	doi = {10.1093/oxfordjournals.jpart.a024272},
	abstract = {In street-level work discretion is inevitable. Scholars have articulated a dominant view or narrative that addresses the role of discretion in the administrative state. This state-agent narrative acknowledges inevitability of discretion and emphasizes that self-interest guides street-level choices: street-level workers use their discretion to make their work easier, safer, and more rewarding. In addition the dominant narrative describes street-level workers as policy makers, yet it worries about the threat that street-level discretion poses to democratic governance.Street-level workers, themselves, tell a different story, a counternarrative of the worker acting as a citizen agent. These two narratives are not wholly inconsistent but they differ in emphasis and meaning. The description of the street-level counter-narrative is based on extensive fieldwork in two states and five agencies. Rather than discretionary state agents who act in response to rules, procedures, and law, street-level workers describe themselves as citizen agents who act in response to individuals and circumstances. They do not describe what they do as contributing to policy making or even as implementing policy. Moreover, street-level workers do not describe their decisions and actions as based on their views of the correctness of the rules, wisdom of the policy, or accountability to any hierarchical authority or democratic principle. They base their decisions on their judgment of the worth of the individual citizen client.Street-level workers discount the importance of self-interest and will often make their work harder, more unpleasant, more dangerous, and less officially successful in order to respond to the needs of individuals. They describe themselves as decision makers, but they base their decisions on normative choices, not in response to rules, procedures, or policies. These normative choices are defined in terms of relationships to citizens, clients, coworkers, and the system. By substituting their pragmatic judgments for the unrealistic views of those with formal and legitimate authority, street-level workers are, in their view, acting responsibly.},
	number = {2},
	urldate = {2024-12-08},
	journal = {Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory},
	author = {Maynard-Moody, Steven and Musheno, Michael},
	month = apr,
	year = {2000},
	pages = {329--358},
}





@article{matthews_everyday_2018,
	title = {Everyday stories of impact: interpreting knowledge exchange in the contemporary university},
	volume = {14},
	url = {https://bristoluniversitypressdigital.com/view/journals/evp/14/04/article-p665.xml},
	doi = {10.1332/174426417X14982110094140},
	number = {04},
	journal = {Evidence and Policy: A Journal of Research, Debate and Practice},
	author = {Matthews, Peter and Rutherfoord, Robert and Connelly, Steve and Richardson, Liz and Durose, Catherine and Vanderhoven, Dave},
	year = {2018},
	note = {Place: Bristol, UK
Publisher: Policy Press},
	pages = {665 -- 682},
}













@article{marusek_parking_2020,
	title = {Parking policy: {The} socio-legal architecture of parking bays in {American} cities},
	volume = {91},
	issn = {0264-8377},
	shorttitle = {Parking policy},
	url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0264837718313310},
	doi = {10.1016/j.landusepol.2019.03.044},
	abstract = {In Western vehicularized society, we are constructed by lines. We wait in queues while stuck in traffic, waiting for a morning coffee, even to receive basic governmental entitlements. Lines perpetuate order in an otherwise world of chaos. Lines frame how we distinguish between order and chaos. In parking, lines frame a legitimized rectangle of vehicular occupancy. In other words, the marked parking space is ours for a little while *if* we park within the lines. The legal aesthetic of lines designating parking spaces on pavement symbolizes a legal landscape of cars and people. This performance of law that keeps us ‘in line’ is a really a construction of order designed according to the spatiality of belonging (Philippopoulos-Mihalopoulos, 2015). Whether on streets or in lots, pavement that is painted for parking is a site of legal culture. This material spatialization perpetuates a map of life based upon vehicular size and designated usage. The cultural architecture of these lines spatially engenders the paved environment (Dovey, 2009; Lefebvre, 1991) and generates a form visual legal pollution that further contributes to the nomospheric occupancy of place in everyday life (Delaney, 2010). Yet, everyday resistance to such linear normativity (Barr, 2015) disrupts the normative ordering of place and tests the socio-legal imagination.},
	urldate = {2024-08-12},
	journal = {Land Use Policy},
	author = {Marusek, Sarah},
	month = feb,
	year = {2020},
	keywords = {Parking},
	pages = {103931},
}





@book{marusek_politics_2016,
	address = {New York, N.Y},
	title = {Politics of {Parking}: {Rights}, {Identity}, and {Property}},
	isbn = {978-1-4094-9802-5},
	shorttitle = {Politics of {Parking}},
	url = {https://www.routledge.com/Politics-of-Parking-Rights-Identity-and-Property/Marusek/p/book/9781138116924},
	abstract = {There is more to parking law than just parking penalties. Considering the ways in which law works in everyday life, and in familiar places of common experience where the presence of law is not obvious, this book explores the various notions of the right to park, which jurisprudentially is enacted between individuals in everyday parking. From parking areas to the courtroom, parking engenders disputes over equality, speech, legitimacy, and entitlement that reach beyond the stated scope of policy. Looking beyond the obvious, this book examines the contested site of the parking space as a place of socio-legal meaning where property claims and rights shape identities. Adopting a constitutive approach to the study of law, the book examines how regulation of parking policy is at odds with the force of localised politics, producing competing notions of legality and examples of legal semiotics within the terrain of legal geography.},
	language = {en},
	publisher = {Routledge},
	author = {Marusek, Sarah},
	year = {2016},
	note = {Google-Books-ID: IIKpV1eRNjQC},
	keywords = {Law / Public},
}









@article{maricut_different_2017,
	title = {Different narratives, one area without internal frontiers: why {EU} institutions cannot agree on the refugee crisis},
	volume = {19},
	issn = {1460-8944},
	shorttitle = {Different narratives, one area without internal frontiers},
	url = {https://doi.org/10.1080/14608944.2016.1256982},
	doi = {10.1080/14608944.2016.1256982},
	abstract = {This article contextualizes contemporary institutional responses of the European Union (EU) to the refugee crisis within the historical setting in which EU migration and asylum policies emerged – namely during the implementation of the border-free Schengen Area (1984–1995). Using the analytical framework of ‘policy narratives’, it argues that EU institutions have used the creation of the ‘area without internal frontiers’ to build coherent narratives about the nature and scope of EU action and of their own role in it. Such narratives became locked into the institutional discourse and influenced the subsequent evolution of EU politics on the topic.},
	number = {2},
	urldate = {2024-08-12},
	journal = {National Identities},
	author = {Maricut, Adina},
	month = apr,
	year = {2017},
	note = {Publisher: Routledge
\_eprint: https://doi.org/10.1080/14608944.2016.1256982},
	keywords = {European Union, Schengen Area, migration, policy narratives, refugee crisis},
	pages = {161--177},
}









@article{majic_publicizing_2021,
	title = {Publicizing the ({In})visible? {Celebrities}, {Anti}-{Human} {Trafficking} {Activism}, and {Feminist} {Ideologies}},
	volume = {28},
	issn = {1072-4745},
	shorttitle = {Publicizing the ({In})visible?},
	url = {https://doi.org/10.1093/sp/jxz040},
	doi = {10.1093/sp/jxz040},
	abstract = {This article examines celebrities’ anti-human trafficking activism from 2000 to 2016 to interpret how they use their fame and personal experiences to publicize feminist issues. Drawing from an original dataset, I argue first that celebrities represent human trafficking in ways that circulate various feminist ideologies. Next, I juxtapose Ashley Judd and Jada Pinkett Smith to examine how individual celebrities adopt, reflect, and complicate these representations and ideologies, arguing here that celebrities variously deploy their personal stories to challenge and reinforce race and gender hierarchies. The conclusion considers this research’s broader implications for understanding celebrities, feminism, and policy debates.},
	number = {1},
	urldate = {2024-08-12},
	journal = {Social Politics: International Studies in Gender, State \& Society},
	author = {Majic, Samantha},
	month = mar,
	year = {2021},
	pages = {94--118},
}





@article{majic_beyond_2014,
	title = {{BEYOND} "{VICTIM}-{CRIMINALS}": {Sex} {Workers}, {Nonprofit} {Organizations}, and {Gender} {Ideologies}},
	volume = {28},
	issn = {0891-2432},
	shorttitle = {{BEYOND} "{VICTIM}-{CRIMINALS}"},
	url = {https://www.jstor.org/stable/43669893},
	abstract = {This article examines the St. James Infirmary (SJI), a nonprofit occupational health and safety clinic for sex workers in San Francisco, to consider how particular organizational spaces and practices may challenge gender ideologies in the United States—in this case, of women sex workers as "victim-criminals." Drawing empirically from multimethod qualitative research and theoretically from feminist institutionalism, I indicate how the SJI's broader institutional context has (re)produced a victim-criminal ideology of women in prostitution. Next, I consider the SJI's organizational emergence and operations to argue that, by deploying particular spatial-discursive practices and operational procedures, nonprofits with legacies of activism may draw from these to challenge dominant gender ideologies, even as they work alongside the broader institutional structures that promote them. Although single case studies like the SJI cannot establish broad theoretical generalizations and propositions, I use it to build knowledge and highlight important lessons about nonprofits, gender, and institutional change.},
	number = {3},
	urldate = {2024-08-12},
	journal = {Gender and Society},
	author = {Majic, Samantha},
	year = {2014},
	note = {Publisher: Sage Publications, Inc.},
	pages = {463--485},
}





@article{mah_cultivating_2013,
	title = {Cultivating {Food} {Connections}: {The} {Toronto} {Food} {Strategy} and {Municipal} {Deliberation} on {Food}},
	volume = {18},
	issn = {1356-3475},
	shorttitle = {Cultivating {Food} {Connections}},
	url = {https://doi.org/10.1080/13563475.2013.750941},
	doi = {10.1080/13563475.2013.750941},
	abstract = {This paper shares an exploratory case study of the development of the Toronto Food Strategy as an urban food strategy, through the lens of public health. It asks: what is a food strategy and how does it work? We will answer these questions through an analysis and discussion of the Food Strategy development process and attention to three key mechanisms: (1) framing or directing attention to the diverse policy instruments that deal with food, (2) brokering working relationships between diverse stakeholders and across existing governance arrangements, and (3) leveraging existing resources. We also distinguish the work of the Food Strategy from the role of food policy councils in how they cultivate deliberative spaces to catalyse policy change.},
	number = {1},
	urldate = {2024-08-12},
	journal = {International Planning Studies},
	author = {Mah, Catherine L. and Thang, Helen},
	month = feb,
	year = {2013},
	note = {Publisher: Routledge
\_eprint: https://doi.org/10.1080/13563475.2013.750941},
	pages = {96--110},
}





@book{lynch_beyond_2018,
	title = {Beyond {Appeasement}: {Interpreting} {Interwar} {Peace} {Movements} in {World} {Politics}},
	isbn = {978-1-5017-2831-0},
	shorttitle = {Beyond {Appeasement}},
	url = {https://www.cornellpress.cornell.edu/book/9780801435485/beyond-appeasement/#bookTabs=1},
	abstract = {The interwar peace movements were, according to conventional interpretations, naive and ineffective. More seriously, the standard histories have also held that they severely weakened national efforts to resist Nazi Germany and Stalinist Russia. Cecelia Lynch provides a long-overdue reevaluation of these movements. Throughout the work she challenges these interpretations, particularly regarding the postwar understanding of Realism, which forms the basis of core assumptions in international relations theory.The Realist account labels support for interwar peace movements as idealist. It holds that this support—largely pacifist in Britain, largely isolationist in the United States—led to overreliance on the League of Nations, appeasement, and eventually the onset of global war. Through a careful examination of both the social history of the peace movements and the diplomatic history of the interwar era, Lynch uncovers the serious contradictions as well as the systematic limitations of Realist understanding and outlines the making of the structure of the world community that would emerge from the war.Lynch focuses on the construction of the United Nations as evidence that the conventional history is incomplete as well as misleading. She brings to light the role of social movements in the formation of the normative underpinnings of the U.N., thus requiring scholars to rethink their understanding of the repercussions of the interwar experience as well as the significance of social movements for international life.},
	language = {en},
	publisher = {Cornell University Press},
	author = {Lynch, Cecelia M.},
	month = sep,
	year = {2018},
	note = {Google-Books-ID: mFhuDwAAQBAJ},
	keywords = {History / Modern / 20th Century / General, Political Science / History \& Theory, Political Science / Peace},
}













@book{loriaux_european_2008,
	address = {Cambridge, UK},
	title = {European {Union} and the {Deconstruction} of the {Rhineland} {Frontier}},
	isbn = {978-0-521-88084-8},
	url = {https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/european-union-and-the-deconstruction-of-the-rhineland-frontier/7C97D2C1766B8AD5ED7F741A6FCD8E91},
	abstract = {The Rhineland region includes the core regional economy of western Europe, encompassing Belgium, Luxemburg and parts of the Netherlands, France, Switzerland and Germany. Throughout history there have been tensions between this region's roles as a frontier and as western Europe's economic core. Michael Loriaux argues that the European Union arose from efforts to deconstruct this frontier. He traces Rhineland geopolitics back to its first emergence, restoring frontier deconstruction to the forefront of discussion about the EU. He recounts how place names were manipulated to legitimate political power and shows how this manipulation generated the geopolitics that the EU now tries to undo. Loriaux also argues that the importance of this issue has significantly affected the nature of the EU's development and helps condition a festering legitimation crisis.},
	urldate = {2024-08-12},
	publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
	author = {Loriaux, Michael},
	year = {2008},
	doi = {10.1017/CBO9780511720550},
}













@book{longo_politics_2017,
	address = {Cambridge},
	series = {Problems of {International} {Politics}},
	title = {The {Politics} of {Borders}: {Sovereignty}, {Security}, and the {Citizen} after 9/11},
	isbn = {978-1-107-17178-7},
	shorttitle = {The {Politics} of {Borders}},
	url = {https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/politics-of-borders/C5FC44039DE284A9FC438F55048B27F1},
	abstract = {Borders sit at the center of global politics. Yet they are too often understood as thin lines, as they appear on maps, rather than as political institutions in their own right. This book takes a detailed look at the evolution of border security in the United States after 9/11. Far from the walls and fences that dominate the news, it reveals borders to be thick, multi-faceted and binational institutions that have evolved greatly in recent decades. The book contributes to debates within political science on sovereignty, citizenship, cosmopolitanism, human rights and global justice. In particular, the new politics of borders reveal a sovereignty that is not waning, but changing, expanding beyond the state carapace and engaging certain logics of empire.},
	urldate = {2024-08-12},
	publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
	author = {Longo, Matthew},
	year = {2017},
	doi = {10.1017/9781316761663},
}









@article{leong_global_2018,
	title = {Global {IWRM} {Ideas} and {Local} {Context}: {Studying} {Narratives} in {Rural} {Cambodia}},
	volume = {10},
	copyright = {http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/},
	issn = {2073-4441},
	shorttitle = {Global {IWRM} {Ideas} and {Local} {Context}},
	url = {https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/10/11/1643},
	doi = {10.3390/w10111643},
	abstract = {This article investigates how the “constructivist turn” in public policy and international political economy informs the interaction of global ideas and local practice in water governance. We use the implementation of ideas associated with Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM) in the Lower Mekong river basin. This article provides some explanation of the attitudes in the villages in Cambodia due to the Sesan 2 Dam, which would see the relocation of thousands of people, damage fisheries, and inflict high coping costs on villagers. Based on 24 in-depth interviews with villagers, commune heads and local community leaders, we find diverse narratives which transcend the “pro or anti” dam narrative. We find four narrative types—myths, stories, noise and informed opinion, which relate to each other in degrees of social meaning and ideational force. Of these, the first two are more likely to be useful in terms of mobilization and policy-making. This typology provides a framework for analysis of social change in the studied villages and other contexts of policy translation. We should state that these four types are not separate from each other but are linked along two axis which together conscribe the four types of narratives outlined.},
	language = {en},
	number = {11},
	urldate = {2024-08-12},
	journal = {Water},
	author = {Leong, Ching and Mukhtarov, Farhad},
	month = nov,
	year = {2018},
	note = {Number: 11
Publisher: Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute},
	keywords = {Cambodia, dam, environmental narratives, lived experiences, local communities},
	pages = {1643},
}









@article{lennon_green_2015,
	title = {Green infrastructure and planning policy: a critical assessment},
	volume = {20},
	issn = {1354-9839},
	shorttitle = {Green infrastructure and planning policy},
	url = {https://doi.org/10.1080/13549839.2014.880411},
	doi = {10.1080/13549839.2014.880411},
	abstract = {Advocates of the green infrastructure (GI) concept claim it offers a progressive planning approach that facilitates synergies between economic growth, environmental conservation and social development. Although widely endorsed by both planning practitioners and academics, little academic literature exists critically evaluating what GI entails or the potential implications of its institutionalisation within planning practice. This paper addresses this deficit by critically examining the interpretation and representation of the GI concept in planning policy. The paper first critically analyses international interpretations of GI. Following this, the particular attributes of GI's interpretation in the Republic of Ireland are investigated. The paper demonstrates how the emergence of GI in Ireland relates to broader debates on attempts to reconcile environmental concerns with development aspirations in planning policy. It is deduced that GI may represent an approach to planning policy formulation wherein habitat conservation initiatives are primarily designed and justified relative to the ecosystems services they are seen to provide to society. The paper also cautions against the risks posed by confining GI debates to the deliberations of technical specialist. The paper concludes by identifying some issues that may arise in the implementation of a GI approach and suggests ways to enhance the potential benefit of the concept's use in spatial planning.},
	number = {8},
	urldate = {2024-08-12},
	journal = {Local Environment},
	author = {Lennon, Mick},
	month = aug,
	year = {2015},
	note = {Publisher: Routledge
\_eprint: https://doi.org/10.1080/13549839.2014.880411},
	keywords = {Ireland, green infrastructure, planning, sustainability},
	pages = {957--980},
}









@article{lems_when_2013,
	title = {When {Policy} {Hits} the {Ground}. {An} {Empirical} {Study} of the {Communication} {Practices} of {Project} {Managers} of a {Water} {Board} in {Conversations} for {Collaborative} {Governance}},
	volume = {23},
	copyright = {Copyright © 2013 John Wiley \& Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment},
	issn = {1756-9338},
	url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/eet.1618},
	doi = {10.1002/eet.1618},
	abstract = {Civil servants organize collaborations with private actors with the aim of developing policy outcomes that fit environmental policy frameworks, shaping the course and outcome of collaborations through their communication practices. To investigate these practices and their effect, we conducted a case study, shadowing project managers from a Dutch water board. We identified two distinct communication practices: frame incorporation and frame amplification. These practices respectively expanded or narrowed a process of collaborative governance, either purposefully by building social capital or unintentionally by distancing the conversation partner and his concern. The structural difference between these practices suggests that civil servants lack shared practices that foster collaboration. Interestingly, in neither practice do the civil servants discursively acknowledge their dependence on their conversation partner's support, and thus they deny that they are participating in a negotiation process: they claim that their conversation partner should cooperate. In effect, their conversation partners bypass the incorporation and amplification practices. The research suggests that, of the two practices identified, only incorporation builds the social capital that enables civil servants to switch to another approach in future interactions and start an integrative negotiation on problems and solutions. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley \& Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment},
	language = {en},
	number = {4},
	urldate = {2024-08-12},
	journal = {Environmental Policy and Governance},
	author = {Lems, P. and Aarts, N. and van Woerkum, C. M. J.},
	year = {2013},
	note = {\_eprint: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/eet.1618},
	keywords = {collaborative governance, communication practice, framing, interaction strategies, public policy-making},
	pages = {234--246},
}









@article{lejano_hermeneutic_2012,
	title = {A {Hermeneutic} {Approach} to {Explaining} and {Understanding} {Public} {Controversies}},
	volume = {22},
	issn = {1053-1858},
	url = {https://doi.org/10.1093/jopart/mus001},
	doi = {10.1093/jopart/mus001},
	abstract = {Notwithstanding the growing use of interpretive analysis in public administration and policy research, its fullest potential for evaluating intractable public conflict has yet to be tapped. We develop a mode of narrative analysis, partly based upon Paul Ricoeur's hermeneutics, that shows promise for analyzing public disputes. We illustrate this with a case study in Los Angeles involving a contentious proposal to inject recycled wastewater into the city’s water supply. The analysis reveals that, by representing opposing interests with a simplistic narrative, the water industry’s response has been superfluous. The latter assumes that impasse simply results from the public’s lack of information, the logical response being an information dissemination campaign. We employ a hermeneutic approach to reveal a set of persistent issues that project proponents have hitherto failed to address. By respecting the inherent plurivocity and intertextuality of narrative, hermeneutics provides new inroads into controversial public issues. We close the discussion with implications for practice.},
	number = {4},
	urldate = {2024-08-12},
	journal = {Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory},
	author = {Lejano, Raul P. and Leong, Ching},
	month = oct,
	year = {2012},
	pages = {793--814},
}





@book{lejano_power_2013,
	address = {Cambridge, UK},
	title = {The {Power} of {Narrative} in {Environmental} {Networks}},
	isbn = {978-0-262-01937-8},
	url = {https://doi.org/10.7551/mitpress/9780262019378.001.0001},
	abstract = {For as long has humans have lived in communities, storytelling has bound people to each other and to their environments. In recent times, scholars have noted how social networks arise around issues of resource and ecological management. This book argues that stories, or narratives, play a key role in these networks—that environmental communities “narrate themselves into existence.” The book proposes the notion of the narrative-network, and introduces innovative tools to analyze the plots, characters, and events that inform environmental action. This analysis sheds light on how environmental networks can emerge in unlikely contexts and sustain themselves against great odds. The book presents three case studies that demonstrate the power of narrative and narratology in the analysis of environmental networks: a conservation network in the Sonoran Desert, which achieved some success despite U.S.–Mexico border issues; a narrative that bridged differences between community and scientists in the Turtle Islands; and networks of researchers and farmers who collaborated to develop and sustain alternative agriculture practice in the face of government inaction. These cases demonstrate that by paying attention to language and storytelling, we can improve our understanding of environmental behavior and even change it in positive ways.},
	urldate = {2024-12-08},
	publisher = {The MIT Press},
	author = {Lejano, Raul and Ingram, Mrill and Ingram, Helen},
	month = aug,
	year = {2013},
	doi = {10.7551/mitpress/9780262019378.001.0001},
}





@article{kurowska_practicality_2014,
	title = {Practicality by judgement: transnational interpreters of local ownership in the {Polish}-{Ukrainian} border reform encounter},
	volume = {17},
	issn = {1581-1980},
	shorttitle = {Practicality by judgement},
	url = {https://doi.org/10.1057/jird.2013.15},
	doi = {10.1057/jird.2013.15},
	abstract = {Local ownership has become a central norm of international statebuilding while its practice is seen as failure. This is explained either as an instance of organised hypocrisy where the norm is de facto circumvented or, in a critical vein, as a hegemonic projection of the neoliberal system of governance which by default erases local agency. Practitioners of statebuilding are seen as agents of moulding; social engineers in the policy discourse or conduits of the discursive structure from which they derive their ‘professional reflex’ and authority in the critical discourse. This article suggests that both designations misdiagnose the problem of action as being ‘caused’ by either norm transfer, or by norms being ‘ingrained’ in professional practices. It adopts a micro-perspective on the practice of embedded experts in a series of EU-sponsored projects to offer a contextual account of an on-the-ground interaction. The encounter between Polish and Ukrainian border guards highlights differential power relations and demonstrates the rich texture of the semantic field of ‘local ownership’. The case nuances arguments about tacit institutional reproduction in transnational settings and the automaticity of norm diffusion among security professionals to illustrate instead a contingent role of ‘practicality by judgement’ in their action.},
	language = {en},
	number = {4},
	urldate = {2024-08-12},
	journal = {Journal of International Relations and Development},
	author = {Kurowska, Xymena},
	month = oct,
	year = {2014},
	keywords = {border reform, international statebuilding, local ownership, norm, practicality, practice},
	pages = {545--565},
}









@article{kurowska_multipolarity_2014,
	title = {Multipolarity as resistance to liberal norms: {Russia}'s position on responsibility to protect},
	volume = {14},
	issn = {1467-8802},
	shorttitle = {Multipolarity as resistance to liberal norms},
	url = {https://doi.org/10.1080/14678802.2014.930589},
	doi = {10.1080/14678802.2014.930589},
	abstract = {In Western analysis, Russia's insistence on the supremacy of international law serves as little more than a strategy to sustain parity with the West. The Kremlin's justification of its use of responsibility to protect is seen as an abuse of humanitarian language and a smokescreen in the pursuit of geopolitical interests. Formulated from within the liberal paradigm, such interpretations underestimate the normative saturation of strategic action. This article examines Russia's discourse of multipolarity not as being purely strategic—as is widely held—but rather as a form of resistance to the perceived liberal hegemony of the West. The effects of such resistance resemble the outcomes of strategic manoeuvring but they should not be reduced to such. Bolstered by a sense of betrayal by the West, Russia's evolving discourse of multipolarity provides an alternative vision of the world order that contests the imposition of liberal values and bestows upon the authorities an actual responsibility to contain the West's dominance. Both Russia's interpretation of responsibility to protect and its position in the debate arise from this agenda.},
	number = {4},
	urldate = {2024-08-12},
	journal = {Conflict, Security \& Development},
	author = {Kurowska, Xymena},
	month = aug,
	year = {2014},
	note = {Publisher: Routledge
\_eprint: https://doi.org/10.1080/14678802.2014.930589},
	pages = {489--508},
}





@article{knott_what_2015,
	title = {What {Does} it {Mean} to {Be} a {Kin} {Majority}? {Analyzing} {Romanian} {Identity} in {Moldova} and {Russian} {Identity} in {Crimea} from {Below}},
	volume = {96},
	issn = {0038-4941},
	shorttitle = {What {Does} it {Mean} to {Be} a {Kin} {Majority}?},
	url = {https://www.jstor.org/stable/26634192},
	abstract = {Objectives. This article investigates what kin identification means from a bottom-up perspective in two kin majority cases: Moldova and Crimea. Methods. The article is based on ∼50 fieldwork interviews conducted in both Moldova and Crimea with everyday social actors (2012–2013). Results. Ethnic homogeneity for kin majorities is more fractured that previously considered. Respondents identified more in terms of assemblages of ethnic, cultural, political, linguistic, and territorial identities than in mutually exclusive census categories. Conclusions. To understand fully the relations between kin majorities, their kin-state and home-state and the impact of growing kin engagement policies, like dual citizenship, it is necessary to analyze the complexities of the lived experience of kin identification for members of kin majorities and how this relates to kin-state identification and affiliation. Understanding these complexities helps to have a more nuanced understanding of the role of ethnicity in post-Communist societies, in terms of kin-state and intrastate relations.},
	number = {3},
	urldate = {2024-08-12},
	journal = {Social Science Quarterly},
	author = {Knott, Eleanor},
	year = {2015},
	note = {Publisher: [University of Texas Press, Wiley]},
	pages = {830--859},
}





@book{jordan-zachery_shadow_2017,
	address = {New Brunswick, NJ},
	title = {Shadow {Bodies}: {Black} {Women}, {Ideology}, {Representation}, and {Politics}},
	isbn = {978-0-8135-9341-8},
	shorttitle = {Shadow {Bodies}},
	url = {https://www.rutgersuniversitypress.org/shadow-bodies/9780813593395/},
	abstract = {What does it mean for Black women to organize in a political context that has generally ignored them or been unresponsive although Black women have shown themselves an important voting bloc? How for example, does \#sayhername translate into a political agenda that manifests itself in specific policies? Shadow Bodies focuses on the positionality of the Black woman’s body, which serves as a springboard for helping us think through political and cultural representations. It does so by asking: How do discursive practices, both speech and silences, support and maintain hegemonic understandings of Black womanhood thereby rendering some Black women as shadow bodies, unseen and unremarked upon?   Grounded in Black feminist thought, Julia S. Jordan-Zachery looks at the functioning of scripts ascribed to Black women’s bodies in the framing of HIV/AIDS, domestic abuse, and mental illness and how such functioning renders some bodies invisible in Black politics in general and Black women’s politics specifically.},
	language = {en},
	publisher = {Rutgers University Press},
	author = {Jordan-Zachery, Julia S.},
	month = oct,
	year = {2017},
	note = {Google-Books-ID: YwovDwAAQBAJ},
	keywords = {Political Science / Civil Rights, Social Science / Black Studies (Global), Social Science / Ethnic Studies / American / African American \& Black Studies, Social Science / Feminism \& Feminist Theory, Social Science / General, Social Science / Media Studies, Social Science / Sociology / Social Theory, Social Science / Women's Studies},
}









@article{jones_seeing_2015,
	title = {Seeing {Like} an {Autocrat}: {Liberal} {Social} {Engineering} in an {Illiberal} {State}},
	volume = {13},
	issn = {1537-5927, 1541-0986},
	shorttitle = {Seeing {Like} an {Autocrat}},
	url = {https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/perspectives-on-politics/article/abs/seeing-like-an-autocrat-liberal-social-engineering-in-an-illiberal-state/D57624CEF5791FE8F6638F39D3263A4B},
	doi = {10.1017/S1537592714003119},
	abstract = {Recent studies of autocratic liberalization adopt a rationalist approach in which autocrats’ motives and styles of reasoning are imputed or deduced. By contrast, I investigate these empirically. I focus on liberal social engineering in the Persian Gulf, where authoritarian state efforts to shape citizen hearts and minds conform incongruously to liberal ideals of character. To explain this important but under-studied variant on autocratic liberalization, I present evidence from rare palace ethnography in the United Arab Emirates, including analysis of the jokes and stories ruling elites tell behind closed doors and regular interviews with a ruling monarch. I find that autocrats’ deeply personal experiences in the West as young men and women supplied them with stylized ideas about how modern, productive peoples ought to act and how their own cultures underperform. The evidence also reveals that such experiences can influence autocrats, even years later, leading them to trust in Western-style liberal social engineering as the way forward, despite the risks. Ethnographic findings challenge the contemporary scholarly stereotype of the autocrat as a super-rational being narrowly focused on political survival, illustrating how memory and emotion can also serve as important influences over reasoning and can drive liberal change.},
	language = {en},
	number = {1},
	urldate = {2024-08-12},
	journal = {Perspectives on Politics},
	author = {Jones, Calvert W.},
	month = mar,
	year = {2015},
	pages = {24--41},
}





@book{johansson_emotional_2021,
	address = {London, UK},
	title = {Emotional {Practices} and {Listening} in {Peacebuilding} {Partnerships}: {The} {Invisibility} {Cloak}},
	isbn = {978-1-00-048535-6},
	shorttitle = {Emotional {Practices} and {Listening} in {Peacebuilding} {Partnerships}},
	url = {https://www.routledge.com/Emotional-Practices-and-Listening-in-Peacebuilding-Partnerships-The-Invisibility-Cloak/Johansson/p/book/9781032060514},
	abstract = {This book analyzes the everyday emotions of international peacebuilding practitioners as practices that hinder – and potentially help – them to listen more receptively to their local partners. It develops ‘‘emotional practices’’ as an analytical concept by integrating critical feminist perspectives insights into practice approaches.Effective peacebuilding requires international actors to listen to local partners. This sounds simple enough but often fails in practice. Examining how everyday emotions help or hinder internationals’ receptivity to local perspectives, the book challenges the conventional wisdom that emotions do not matter – at least not those of internationals who are the privileged party in peacebuilding partnerships. The book is based on interviews with peacebuilding practitioners, donors and researchers working in the Balkans and East Africa, as well as in the UK, the US and Sweden, and gives a detailed and no-nonsense description of daily dilemmas regarding listening and partnerships. Johansson provides concrete recommendations of how internationals can practice personally, organizationally, and geopolitically to build emotional capacity that will help them listen better to local actors.Drawing on the author’s expertise in political science and peace and conflict research, this volume speaks to scholars in international relations, political theory, sociology, cultural studies, development studies, critical theory, and anthropology.},
	language = {en},
	publisher = {Routledge},
	author = {Johansson, Pernilla},
	month = nov,
	year = {2021},
	note = {Google-Books-ID: QJtIEAAAQBAJ},
	keywords = {Political Science / General, Political Science / Peace, Social Science / Developing \& Emerging Countries},
}













@book{jeffery_reason_2014,
	address = {Cambridge, UK},
	title = {Reason and {Emotion} in {International} {Ethics}},
	isbn = {978-1-107-03741-0},
	url = {https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/reason-and-emotion-in-international-ethics/119517EBC4C9F9E3C08D60F211FC1D14},
	abstract = {The study of international ethics is marked by an overwhelming bias towards reasoned reflection at the expense of emotionally driven moral deliberation. For rationalist cosmopolitans in particular, reason alone provides the means by which we can arrive at the truly impartial moral judgments a cosmopolitan ethic demands. However, are the emotions as irrational, selfish and partial as most rationalist cosmopolitans would have us believe? By re-examining the central claims of the eighteenth-century moral sentiment theorists in light of cutting-edge discoveries in the fields of neuroscience and psychology, Renée Jeffery argues that the dominance of rationalism and marginalisation of emotions from theories of global ethics cannot be justified. In its place she develops a sentimentalist cosmopolitan ethic that does not simply provide a framework for identifying injustices and prescribing how we ought to respond to them, but which actually motivates action in response to international injustices such as global poverty.},
	urldate = {2024-08-11},
	publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
	author = {Jeffery, Renée},
	year = {2014},
	doi = {10.1017/CBO9781139764407},
}









@book{jeffrey_amnesties_2014,
	address = {Philadelphia, PA},
	title = {Amnesties, {Accountability}, and {Human} {Rights}},
	isbn = {978-0-8122-4589-9},
	url = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt6wr9f8},
	abstract = {For the last thirty years, documented human rights violations have been met with an unprecedented rise in demands for
accountability. This trend challenges the use of amnesties which
typically foreclose opportunities for criminal prosecutions that
some argue are crucial to transitional justice. Recent developments have seen amnesties circumvented, overturned, and resisted by
lawyers, states, and judiciaries committed to ending impunity for human rights violations. Yet, despite this global movement, the use of amnesties since the 1970s has not declined. {\textless}em{\textgreater}Amnesties,
Accountability, and Human Rights{\textless}/em{\textgreater} examines why and how
amnesties persist in the face of mounting pressure to prosecute the perpetrators of human rights violations. Drawing on more than 700 amnesties instituted between 1970 and 2005, Renée Jeffery maps out significant trends in the use of amnesty and offers a historical
account of how both the use and the perception of amnesty has
changed. As mechanisms to facilitate transitions to democracy, to reconcile divided societies, or to end violent conflicts, amnesties have been adapted to suit the competing demands of contemporary
postconflict politics and international accountability norms.
Through the history of one evolving political instrument,
{\textless}em{\textgreater}Amnesties, Accountability, and Human Rights{\textless}/em{\textgreater} sheds light on the changing thought, practice, and goals of human rights discourse generally.},
	urldate = {2024-08-11},
	publisher = {University of Pennsylvania Press},
	author = {Jeffrey, Renée},
	year = {2014},
	doi = {10.2307/j.ctt6wr9f8},
}





@book{jackson_civilizing_2006,
	address = {Ann Arbor, MI},
	title = {Civilizing the {Enemy}: {German} {Reconstruction} and the {Invention} of the {West}},
	isbn = {978-0-472-09929-0},
	shorttitle = {Civilizing the {Enemy}},
	url = {https://press.umich.edu/Books/C/Civilizing-the-Enemy2},
	abstract = {For the past century, politicians have claimed that "Western Civilization" epitomizes democratic values and international stability. But who is a member of "Western Civilization"? Germany, for example, was a sworn enemy of the United States and much of Western Europe in the first part of the twentieth century, but emerged as a staunch Western ally after World War II.  By examining German reconstruction under the Marshall Plan, author Patrick Jackson shows how the rhetorical invention of a West that included Germany was critical to the emergence of the postwar world order. Civilizing the Enemy convincingly describes how concepts are strategically shaped and given weight in modern international relations, by expertly dissecting the history of "the West" and demonstrating its puzzling persistence in the face of contradictory realities.  "By revisiting the early Cold War by means of some carefully conducted intellectual history, Patrick Jackson expertly dissects the post-1945 meanings of "the West" for Europe's emergent political imaginary. West German reconstruction, the foundation of NATO, and the idealizing of 'Western civilization' all appear in fascinating new light." --Geoff Eley, University of Michigan  "Western civilization is not given but politically made. In this theoretically sophisticated and politically nuanced book, Patrick Jackson argues that Germany's reintegration into a Western community of nations was greatly facilitated by civilizational discourse. It established a compelling political logic that guided the victorious Allies in their occupation policy. This book is very topical as it engages critically very different, and less successful, contemporary theoretical constructions and political deployments of civilizational discourse." --Peter J. Katzenstein, Cornell University  "What sets Patrick Jackson's book apart is his attention, on the one hand, to philosophical issues behind the kinds of theoretical claims he makes and, on the other hand, to the methodological implications that follow from those claims. Few scholars are willing and able to do both, and even fewer are as successful as he is in carrying it off. Patrick Jackson is a systematic thinker in a field where theory is all the rage but systematic thinking is in short supply." --Nicholas Onuf, Florida International University   Patrick Thaddeus Jackson is Assistant Professor of International Relations in American University's School of International Service.},
	language = {en},
	publisher = {University of Michigan Press},
	author = {Jackson, Patrick Thaddeus},
	month = jun,
	year = {2006},
	keywords = {History / Europe / Germany, Political Science / General, Political Science / International Relations / General},
}









@book{hopf_reconstructing_2012,
	address = {Oxford, UK},
	title = {Reconstructing the {Cold} {War}: {The} {Early} {Years}, 1945-1958},
	isbn = {978-0-19-985848-4},
	url = {https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199858484.001.0001},
	abstract = {General answers are hard to imagine for the puzzling questions that are raised by Soviet relations with the world in the early years of the Cold War. Why was Moscow more frightened by the Marshall Plan than the Truman Doctrine? Why would the Soviet Union abandon its ally, Yugoslavia, just when the Cold War was starting? How could Khrushchev’s de-Stalinized domestic and foreign policies at first cause a warming of relations with China, and then lead to loss? What can explain Stalin’s failure to ally with the leaders of the decolonizing world against imperialism and Khrushchev’s enthusiastic embrace of these leaders as anti-imperialist at a time of the first detente of the Cold War? It would seem that only idiosyncratic explanations could be offered for these seemingly incoherent policy outcomes. Or, at best, they could be explained by the personalities of Stalin and Khrushchev as leaders. In fact, the most Stalinist of Soviet leaders, the secret police chief and sociopath, Lavrentii Beria, was the most enthusiastic proponent of de-Stalinized foreign and domestic policies after Stalin’s death in March 1953. This book argues, instead, that it was Soviet identity that explains these anomalies. During Stalin’s rule, a discourse of danger prevailed in Soviet society, where any deviations from the idealized version of the New Soviet Man, were understood as threatening the very survival of the Soviet project itself. But the discourse of danger did not go unchallenged. Even under the rule of Stalin, Soviet society understood a socialist Soviet Union as a more secure, diverse, and socially democratic place. This discourse of difference, with its broader conception of what the socialist project meant, and who could contribute to it, was empowered after Stalin’s death, first by Beria, then by Malenkov, and then by Khrushchev, and the rest of the post-Stalin Soviet leadership. This discourse of difference allowed for the de-Stalinization of Eastern Europe, with the consequent revolts in Poland and Hungary, a rapprochement with Tito’s Yugoslavia, and an initial warming of relations with China. But it also sowed the seeds of the split with China, as the latter moved in the very Stalinist direction at home just rejected by Moscow. And, contrary to conventional wisdom, a moderation of authoritarianism at home, a product of the discourse of difference, did not lead to a moderation of Soviet foreign policy abroad. Instead, it led to the opening of an entirely new, and bloody, front in the decolonizing world.},
	urldate = {2024-11-08},
	publisher = {Oxford University Press},
	author = {Hopf, Ted},
	month = may,
	year = {2012},
	doi = {10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199858484.001.0001},
}





@book{hopf_making_2016,
	address = {Oxford, UK},
	title = {Making {Identity} {Count}: {Building} a {National} {Identity} {Database}},
	isbn = {978-0-19-025547-3},
	url = {https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190255473.001.0001},
	abstract = {Making Identity Count outlines a method for the interpretive and quantitative study of national identity. It argues that constructivist international relations (IR) theories of identity have not yet been tested in large-n quantitative work because an intersubjective data set has never been produced. Instead, existing quantitative work reduces identity to language, ethnicity, or religion. However, these variables do not capture the intersubjective content of national identities. Other methods for measuring identity such as surveys or content analysis do not employ an inductive “ethnographic sensibility” that allows subjects speak and salient identities to emerge. This volume argues that interpretivist ethnographic sensibility and quantitative concerns with replicability can be fruitfully combined in a method of discourse analysis to produce a large-n intersubjective database of national identity. The empirical chapters present the first step of this project: examples of transparent, replicable discourse analysis of national identity that can be used as the basis for quantitative operationalizations of identity. The volume presents results from nine country reports: Brazil, China, France, Germany, India (Hindi), India (English), Japan, the United Kingdom, and the United States. The results are used to theorize a constructivist account of hegemonic transition and draw out the implications of the results for the future of Western democratic neoliberal hegemony. The volume concludes that while there is strong support for the democratic elements of Western hegemony, mass texts all over the world express concern with the negative effects of neoliberal capitalism.},
	urldate = {2024-11-08},
	publisher = {Oxford University Press},
	editor = {Hopf, Ted and Allan, Bentley B.},
	month = jul,
	year = {2016},
	doi = {10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190255473.001.0001},
}













@incollection{johnston_identity_2009,
	address = {Cambridge},
	title = {Identity {Relations} and the {Sino}-{Soviet} {Split}},
	isbn = {978-0-521-51818-5},
	url = {https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/measuring-identity/identity-relations-and-the-sinosoviet-split/3B5DABB8CCD38022816FB67A7262A640},
	abstract = {Theory should determine method. How one theorizes about some outcome should drive which methods one chooses to assess the relative validity of competing claims about that outcome. In this chapter, how I theorize identity drives my methodological choice of discourse analysis. Had I chosen some variable other than identity, say objective military power, or had I chosen to theorize identity differently, say as the subjective perceptions of decision makers, then the method chosen would have been different. Because I theorize identity as an intersubjective social structure, the method I choose must somehow recover this intersubjective reality as experienced by its subjects. Intersubjectivity is the reality generated within a community, society, or group, of shared understandings of the world out there. It cannot be reduced to either objective reality – that is, the reality that is out there independent of our perceptions of it, or subjective reality, the reality each one of us perceives as individuals. If it were the latter, then one need only look into the heads of individual decision makers to find out what they believed. If it were the former, one need only catalog the objective indicators presumed to be causal for any particular theory.In what follows, I present a constructivist theory of identity that is at once social, structural, and cognitive. I explore three logics of social order – consequentialism, appropriateness, and habit – and relate them to the theory of identity I apply to the study of a state's foreign policy choices.},
	urldate = {2024-08-11},
	booktitle = {Measuring {Identity}: {A} {Guide} for {Social} {Scientists}},
	publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
	author = {Hopf, Ted},
	editor = {Johnston, Alastair Iain and Abdelal, Rawi and McDermott, Rose and Herrera, Yoshiko M.},
	year = {2009},
	doi = {10.1017/CBO9780511810909.011},
	pages = {279--315},
}





@book{hopf_social_2002,
	title = {Social {Construction} of {International} {Politics}: {Identities} \& {Foreign} {Policies}, {Moscow}, 1955 and 1999},
	isbn = {978-0-8014-8791-0},
	shorttitle = {Social {Construction} of {International} {Politics}},
	url = {https://www.cornellpress.cornell.edu/book/9780801487910/social-construction-of-international-politics/#bookTabs=1},
	abstract = {In this deeply researched book Ted Hopf challenges contemporary theorizing about international relations. He advances what he believes is a commonsensical notion: a state's domestic identity has an enormous effect on its international policies. Hopf argues that foreign policy elites are inextricably bound to their own societies; in order to understand other states, they must first understand themselves. To comprehend Russian and Soviet foreign policy, "it is just as important to read what is being consumed on the Moscow subway as it is to conduct research in the Foreign Ministry archives," the author says.Hopf recreates the major currents in Russian/Soviet identity, reconstructing the "identity topographies" of two profoundly important years, 1955 and 1999. To provide insights about how Russians made sense of themselves in the post-Stalinist and late Yeltsin periods, he not only uses daily newspapers and official discourse, but also delves into works intended for mass consumption--popular novels, film reviews, ethnographic journals, high school textbooks, and memoirs. He explains how the different identities expressed in these varied materials shaped the worldviews of Soviet and Russian decisionmakers. Hopf finds that continuous renegotiations and clashes among competing domestic visions of national identity had a profound effect on Soviet and Russian foreign policy. Broadly speaking, Hopf shows that all international politics begins at home.},
	language = {en},
	publisher = {Cornell University Press},
	author = {Hopf, Ted},
	year = {2002},
	keywords = {History / Russia / General, Political Science / General, Political Science / International Relations / General, Political Science / Public Policy / General, Social Science / Anthropology / Cultural \& Social, Social Science / Ethnic Studies / General},
}













@article{honke_governing_2012,
	title = {Governing (in)security in a postcolonial world: {Transnational} entanglements and the worldliness of 'local' practice},
	volume = {43},
	issn = {0967-0106},
	shorttitle = {Governing (in)security in a postcolonial world},
	url = {https://www.jstor.org/stable/26301927},
	abstract = {While analysis of transnationalized forms of security governance in the contemporary postcolonial world features prominently in current debates within the field of security studies, most efforts to analyse and understand the relevant processes proceed from an unquestioned 'Western' perspective, thereby failing to consider the methodological and theoretical implications of governing (in)security under postcolonial conditions. This article seeks to address that lacuna by highlighting the entangled histories of (in)security governance in the (post)colonial world and by providing fresh theoretical and methodological perspective for a security studies research agenda sensitive to the implications of the postcolonial condition.},
	number = {5},
	urldate = {2024-08-11},
	journal = {Security Dialogue},
	author = {Hönke, Jana and Müller, Markus-Michael},
	year = {2012},
	note = {Publisher: Sage Publications, Ltd.},
	pages = {383--401},
}





@article{holdo_deliberative_2016,
	title = {Deliberative capital: recognition in participatory budgeting},
	volume = {10},
	issn = {1946-0171},
	shorttitle = {Deliberative capital},
	url = {https://doi.org/10.1080/19460171.2015.1077718},
	doi = {10.1080/19460171.2015.1077718},
	abstract = {This article suggests (1) that deliberative democrats seeking to understand the conditions of inclusion in the public sphere should reconsider whether deliberative ‘skills,’ ‘competence,’ and ‘capacity’ are adequate to capture what effective participation requires, (2) that they would understand this differently, and better, by thinking in terms of deliberative capital, a concept more sensitive to how norms condition recognition of legitimate speakers, (3) that interpretive inquiries focused on practices in concrete deliberative fields can enrich our understanding of the conditions of inclusion. This article presents an account of participatory budgeting in Rosario, Argentina, based on observations and interviews with participants, and focuses on interpreting the meanings that participation has for citizen ‘councilors’. It finds that deliberative practices produce alternative sources of recognition, on the basis of which members of the field of deliberation expect recognition also outside the field. The concept of deliberative capital brings to the fore the symbolic values of deliberative practices and provides an alternative view on how they matter for participation in the wider public sphere.},
	number = {4},
	urldate = {2024-08-11},
	journal = {Critical Policy Studies},
	author = {Holdo, Markus},
	month = oct,
	year = {2016},
	note = {Publisher: Routledge
\_eprint: https://doi.org/10.1080/19460171.2015.1077718},
	keywords = {Bourdieu, deliberative democracy, inclusion, participatory budgeting, recognition, skills},
	pages = {391--409},
}





@book{heinelt_challenges_2019,
	address = {London, UK},
	title = {Challenges to {Political} {Decision}-making: {Dealing} with {Information} {Overload}, {Ignorance} and {Contested} {Knowledge}},
	isbn = {978-0-429-67480-8},
	shorttitle = {Challenges to {Political} {Decision}-making},
	abstract = {This book analyses the ability of individuals to create meaning through communicative interaction and of what seems to constrain and enable actors in taking collectively binding political decisions. The book examines why, in some contexts, individuals consider something as evident and relevant for their action while others perceive them as nonsense or simply as ‘fake news’. As such, the book follows a research perspective based on a concept emphasizing that the core function of knowledge is related to the selection and integration of data and other information which give them substance. Taking an interpretive political science perspective to knowledge, the book overcomes particular deficiencies of policy learning concepts where the development of an understanding of ‘reality’ is thematized in a way that supposedly decrypts everyday processes through which individuals understand ‘reality’ and (re)orient their actions to intersubjective processes. To better understand these intersubjective processes, communicative mechanisms are worked through where knowledge claims are selected and integrated. This book will be of key interest to scholars and students of political science and policy analysis and more broadly, to sociology and social theory, geography, planning, philosophy, communication studies, and governance studies.},
	language = {en},
	publisher = {Routledge},
	author = {Heinelt, Hubert},
	month = may,
	year = {2019},
	note = {Google-Books-ID: F7uZDwAAQBAJ},
	keywords = {Philosophy / Political, Political Science / American Government / General, Political Science / Essays, Political Science / General, Political Science / History \& Theory, Social Science / Human Geography, Social Science / Media Studies, Social Science / Sociology / General, Social Science / Sociology / Urban},
}





@article{hofferberth_lost_2015,
	title = {Lost in translation: a critique of constructivist norm research},
	volume = {18},
	issn = {1581-1980},
	shorttitle = {Lost in translation},
	url = {https://doi.org/10.1057/jird.2014.1},
	doi = {10.1057/jird.2014.1},
	abstract = {In their attempt to explain change in international politics, an emerging group of scholars in the 1990s emphasised the importance of ‘non-material factors’. Questions about the creation, evolution, and impact of norms obtained a prominent place in their theorising. Cast in a constructivist frame, this norm research promised to be a viable alternative to established approaches and while it has indeed broadened the perspective on state behaviour in International Relations, we argue that at the same time it entailed major conceptual and methodological problems which have not yet been spelled out comprehensively. Mainly, the insight that norms are constantly renegotiated in social interaction has been lost in the translation of social-theoretical claims of early constructivism into empirical research agendas. The ensuing research is best characterised as a cultural-determinist framework which is ultimately ill-equipped for the initial proposition of explaining change. We develop this critique by reconstructing the theoretical and methodological decisions of constructivist norm research. We then propose to re-conceptualise the connection between norms and action and suggest an interpretive methodology that allows delivering on the ambitious promise to explain processes of normative change in international politics. We illustrate this claim by reviewing constructivist norm research on ‘humanitarian interventions’ and by outlining a relational-processualist perspective on this issue.},
	language = {en},
	number = {1},
	urldate = {2024-08-11},
	journal = {Journal of International Relations and Development},
	author = {Hofferberth, Matthias and Weber, Christian},
	month = jan,
	year = {2015},
	keywords = {constructivism, international relations theory, norms},
	pages = {75--103},
}









@article{hand_producing_2018,
	title = {Producing a {Vision} of the {Self}-{Governing} {Mother}: {A} {Study} of {Street}-{Level} {Bureaucrat} {Behavior} in {Coproductive} {Interactions}},
	volume = {50},
	issn = {0095-3997},
	shorttitle = {Producing a {Vision} of the {Self}-{Governing} {Mother}},
	url = {https://doi.org/10.1177/0095399717719110},
	doi = {10.1177/0095399717719110},
	abstract = {Street-level bureaucrats in social welfare programs often interact with program participants in coproductive environments where program objectives cannot be achieved without participant behavior change. In these environments, interactions are expected to help produce participant outcomes, a process that has been underexamined. This study investigates interactions and analyzes practices employed by street-level bureaucrats to encourage behavior change among program participants in two clinics in Arizona’s Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC). The findings suggest that communicative practices related to encouraging self-efficacy and recognizing participant autonomy produce a mutually understood vision of a self-governing mother who is knowledgeable, disciplined, persistent, and a creative problem-solver.},
	language = {en},
	number = {8},
	urldate = {2024-08-11},
	journal = {Administration \& Society},
	author = {Hand, Laura C.},
	month = sep,
	year = {2018},
	note = {Publisher: SAGE Publications Inc},
	pages = {1148--1174},
}









@article{hall_not_2017,
	title = {Not promoting, not exporting: {India}’s democracy assistance},
	volume = {2},
	shorttitle = {Not promoting, not exporting},
	url = {https://www.orfonline.org/public/uploads/posts/pdf/20230724150545.pdf},
	number = {3},
	urldate = {2024-08-11},
	journal = {Rising Powers Quarterly},
	author = {Hall, Ian},
	year = {2017},
	pages = {81--97},
}





@book{geddes_dramas_2019,
	address = {Manchester, UK},
	title = {Dramas at {Westminster}: {Select} committees and the quest for accountability},
	copyright = {De Gruyter expressly reserves the right to use all content for commercial text and data mining within the meaning of Section 44b of the German Copyright Act.},
	isbn = {978-1-5261-3681-7},
	shorttitle = {Dramas at {Westminster}},
	url = {https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.7765/9781526136817/html?lang=en},
	abstract = {This is a book that provokes a debate about accountability in the House of Commons. Based on unprecedented access, it reveals different ways that MPs and officials interpret scrutiny. Some of their approaches are more conducive to effective scrutiny than others, which raises interesting questions about the effectiveness of Parliament.},
	language = {en},
	urldate = {2024-08-11},
	publisher = {Manchester University Press},
	author = {Geddes, Marc},
	month = dec,
	year = {2019},
	doi = {10.7765/9781526136817},
	keywords = {British politics, House of Commons, Parliament, accountability, committees, interpretive political science, scrutiny},
}









@book{funk_rooted_2022,
	title = {Rooted {Globalism}: {Arab}–{Latin} {American} {Business} {Elites} and the {Politics} of {Global} {Imaginaries}},
	isbn = {978-0-253-06253-6},
	url = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctv2nrz79t},
	abstract = {Does the concept of nationality apply to the economic elite, or have they shed national identities to form a global capitalist
class?

In {\textless}em{\textgreater}Rooted Globalism{\textless}/em{\textgreater}, Kevin Funk unpacks dozens of
ethnographic interviews he conducted with Latin America's
urban-based, Arab-descendant elite class, some of whom also occupy positions of political power in countries such as Argentina,
Brazil, and Chile. Based on extensive fieldwork, Funk illuminates how these elites navigate their Arab ancestry, Latin American host cultures, and roles as protagonists of globalization. With the term "rooted globalism," Funk captures the emergence of classed
intersectional identities that are simultaneously local, national, transnational, and global.

Focusing on an oft-ignored axis of South-South relations
(between Latin America and the Arab world), {\textless}em{\textgreater}Rooted
Globalism{\textless}/em{\textgreater} provides detailed analysis of the identities,
worldviews, and motivations of this group and ultimately reveals
that rather than obliterating national identities, global
capitalism relies on them.},
	urldate = {2024-08-11},
	publisher = {Indiana University Press},
	author = {Funk, Kevin},
	year = {2022},
	doi = {10.2307/j.ctv2nrz79t},
}





@book{fujii_show_2021,
	title = {Show {Time}: {The} {Logic} and {Power} of {Violent} {Display}},
	isbn = {978-1-5017-5854-6},
	url = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.7591/j.ctv1ffpcwm},
	abstract = {{\textless}strong{\textgreater}In{\textless}/strong{\textgreater} {\textless}strong{\textgreater}{\textless}em{\textgreater}Show Time{\textless}/em{\textgreater}{\textless}/strong{\textgreater}
{\textless}strong{\textgreater}, Lee Ann Fujii asks why some perpetrators of political
violence, from lynch mobs to genocidal killers, display their acts of violence so publicly and extravagantly.{\textless}/strong{\textgreater} Closely
examining three horrific and extreme episodes-the murder of a
prominent Tutsi family amidst the genocide in Rwanda, the execution of Muslim men in a Serb-controlled village in Bosnia during the
Balkan Wars, and the lynching of a twenty-two-year old Black
farmhand on Maryland's Eastern Shore in 1933-Fujii shows how
"violent displays" are staged to not merely to kill those perceived to be enemies or threats, but also to affect and influence
observers, neighbors, and the larger society.

Watching and participating in these violent displays profoundly
transforms those involved, reinforcing political identities, social hierarchies, and power structures. Such public spectacles of
violence also force members of the community to choose sides-openly show support for the goals of the violence, or risk becoming
victims, themselves. Tracing the ways in which public displays of violence unfold, {\textless}em{\textgreater}Show Time{\textless}/em{\textgreater} reveals how the perpetrators
exploit the fluidity of social ties for their own ends.},
	urldate = {2024-08-11},
	publisher = {Cornell University Press},
	author = {Fujii, Lee Ann and Wood, Elisabeth Jean},
	editor = {Finnemore, Martha},
	year = {2021},
}





@article{fujii_puzzle_2013,
	title = {The {Puzzle} of {Extra}-{Lethal} {Violence}},
	volume = {11},
	issn = {1537-5927},
	url = {https://www.jstor.org/stable/43280796},
	abstract = {This article proposes the concept "extra-lethal violence" to focus analytic attention on the acts of physical, face-to-face violence that transgress shared norms about the proper treatment of persons and bodies. Examples of extra-lethal violence include forcing victims to dance and sing before killing them, souvenir-taking and mutilation. The main puzzle of extra-lethal violence is why it occurs at all given the time and effort it takes to enact such brutalities and the potential repercussions perpetrators risk by doing so. Current approaches cannot account for this puzzle because extra-lethal violence seems to follow a different logic from strategic calculation. To investigate one alternative logic—the logic of display—the article proposes a performative analytic framework. A performative lens focuses attention on the process by which actors stage violence for graphic effect. It highlights the range of roles, participants, and activities that contribute to the production process as a whole. To demonstrate the value of a performative approach, the article applies this framework to three very different extra-lethal episodes: the massacre at My Lai during the Vietnam War, the rape and killing of two women during the Rwandan genocide, and a lynching that took place in rural Maryland. The article concludes by sketching a typology of performance processes and by considering the policy implications of this type of theorizing and knowledge.},
	number = {2},
	urldate = {2024-08-11},
	journal = {Perspectives on Politics},
	author = {Fujii, Lee Ann},
	year = {2013},
	note = {Publisher: [American Political Science Association, Cambridge University Press]},
	pages = {410--426},
}





@article{fujii_shades_2010,
	title = {Shades of truth and lies: {Interpreting} testimonies of war and violence},
	volume = {47},
	issn = {0022-3433},
	shorttitle = {Shades of truth and lies},
	url = {https://doi.org/10.1177/0022343309353097},
	doi = {10.1177/0022343309353097},
	abstract = {How should researchers treat questions of veracity when conducting interviews in settings rent by large-scale violence, such as war and genocide? To what extent should researchers trust narratives that are generated in politically sensitive contexts? The article argues that the value of narrative data does not lie solely in their truthfulness or accuracy; it also lies in the meta-data that accompany these testimonies. Meta-data are informants’ spoken and unspoken thoughts and feelings which they do not always articulate in their stories or interview responses, but which emerge in other ways. This article identifies and analyzes five types of meta-data: rumors, inventions, denials, evasions, and silences. The article argues that meta-data are not extraneous to our datasets, they are data and should be viewed as integral to the processes of data collection and analysis. Meta-data indicate how conditions in the present shape what people are willing to say about violence in the past, what they have reason to embellish or minimize, and what they prefer to keep to themselves. Attending to meta-data is important for responding to informants’ fears about talking to a researcher and to ensure informants’ safety after the researcher leaves the field. It is also crucial for the robustness of researchers’ theories and knowledge about political violence and other political phenomena. The article draws from the author’s nine months of fieldwork in Rwanda in 2004, as well as the literature on conflict and violence from political science, anthropology, history, and sociology.},
	language = {en},
	number = {2},
	urldate = {2024-08-11},
	journal = {Journal of Peace Research},
	author = {Fujii, Lee Ann},
	month = mar,
	year = {2010},
	note = {Publisher: SAGE Publications Ltd},
	pages = {231--241},
}





@article{fujii_power_2008,
	title = {The {Power} of {Local} {Ties}: {Popular} {Participation} in the {Rwandan} {Genocide}},
	volume = {17},
	issn = {0963-6412},
	shorttitle = {The {Power} of {Local} {Ties}},
	url = {https://doi.org/10.1080/09636410802319578},
	doi = {10.1080/09636410802319578},
	abstract = {How do ordinary people come to commit genocide against their neighbors? Ethnicity-based approaches cannot explain the different pathways that lead to mass violence or the different forms that participation takes over time and place. In Rwanda, different processes and mechanisms led some to join in the carnage while others resisted. Utilizing Mark Granovetter's concept of “social embeddedness,” this article argues that social ties and immediate social context better explain the processes through which ordinary people came to commit mass murder in Rwanda. Leaders used family ties to target male relatives for recruitment into the killing groups, which were responsible for carrying out the genocide. Ties among members of the killing groups helped to initiate reluctant or hesitant members into committing violence with the group. Finally, ties of friendship attenuated murderous actions, leading killers to help save Tutsi in specific contexts. Which ties became salient depended on the context. In the presence of the killing group or authority(ies), low-level participants (a group I call “Joiners”) tended to go along with the violence. Alone, Joiners often made different choices. The findings in this article are based on data collected during nine months of fieldwork in two rural communities and two central prisons in Rwanda.},
	number = {3},
	urldate = {2024-08-11},
	journal = {Security Studies},
	author = {Fujii, Lee Ann},
	month = sep,
	year = {2008},
	note = {Publisher: Routledge
\_eprint: https://doi.org/10.1080/09636410802319578},
	pages = {568--597},
}





@article{english_politics_2022,
	title = {The {Politics} of {Sight}: {Revisiting} {Timothy} {Pachirat}’s {Every} {Twelve} {Seconds}},
	volume = {116},
	issn = {0003-0554, 1537-5943},
	shorttitle = {The {Politics} of {Sight}},
	url = {https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/american-political-science-review/article/abs/politics-of-sight-revisiting-timothy-pachirats-every-twelve-seconds/DA19A364BAD2CE7AE3D8562D56760150},
	doi = {10.1017/S0003055421001192},
	abstract = {In his ethnography of industrialized slaughter, Every Twelve Seconds, Timothy Pachirat coins a label to describe political interventions that use visibility as a catalyst for reform—the “politics of sight.” We argue that the politics of sight rests on three premises that are all mistaken or misspecified: (1) that exposing morally repugnant practices will make us see them, (2) that seeing such practices will stop us from acquiescing to them, and (3) that owning up to such practices is preferable to keeping them concealed. To develop our argument, we propose an alternative interpretation of Pachirat’s own ethnographic material informed by theories from social psychology—one that leads to a different critique of the politics of sight than the one Pachirat offers and to a different understanding of the conditions under which it can succeed. Methodologically, we seek to illustrate the value of reanalyzing interpretive research through close reading.},
	language = {en},
	number = {3},
	urldate = {2024-08-11},
	journal = {American Political Science Review},
	author = {English, Jasmine and Zacka, Bernardo},
	month = aug,
	year = {2022},
	pages = {1025--1037},
}













@article{elston_not_2014,
	title = {Not so ‘{Arm}'s {Length}’: {Reinterpreting} {Agencies} in {Uk} {Central} {Government}},
	volume = {92},
	copyright = {© 2014 John Wiley \& Sons Ltd},
	issn = {1467-9299},
	shorttitle = {Not so ‘{Arm}'s {Length}’},
	url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/padm.12089},
	doi = {10.1111/padm.12089},
	abstract = {Administrative decentralization to government agencies (so-called ‘agencification’) has attracted much attention in recent years, increasingly for its longevity or evolution after the ‘high’ managerialism of the 1980s, and largely through a neo-positivist epistemology. Drawing on techniques of narrative and discourse analysis, and a model of incremental ideational change, this article identifies the necessity of supplementing those existing large-N analyses of agencification's expansion and decline with qualitative attention to the endurance of policy meaning. It demonstrates how the original foundations of managerialism, civil service empowerment and decentralization from the UK's seminal ‘Next Steps’ agency programme are eschewed in contemporary reform discourse, where agencification is instead advocated as centralized, politically proximate and departmentalized governance. This substantial reinterpretation of the arm's-length concept not only challenges existing claims of continuity in UK administrative policy, but also demonstrates the utility of interpretive methods for exploring longevity in public management more widely.},
	language = {en},
	number = {2},
	urldate = {2024-08-11},
	journal = {Public Administration},
	author = {Elston, Thomas},
	year = {2014},
	note = {\_eprint: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/padm.12089},
	pages = {458--476},
}





@article{dommett_what_2019,
	title = {What do we know about public attitudes towards experts? {Reviewing} survey data in the {United} {Kingdom} and {European} {Union}},
	volume = {28},
	issn = {0963-6625},
	shorttitle = {What do we know about public attitudes towards experts?},
	url = {https://doi.org/10.1177/0963662519852038},
	doi = {10.1177/0963662519852038},
	abstract = {Recent developments in contemporary politics have cast doubt on the status of expertise and led to the oft-repeated claim that the public have had enough of experts. In response, we review existing survey measures on experts and expertise in the European Union and United Kingdom with three main findings. First, there is insufficient survey data available to strongly support any claims regarding public attitudes to experts. Second, the evidence that does exist suggests broadly positive public attitudes towards experts, rather than the somewhat bleak commentary associated with descriptions of a ‘post-truth’ era. Third, there is scope for survey questions to provide improved macro-level descriptions of some of the attributes and expectations associated with experts, and that concepts from the academic literature can provide structure for such questions. Survey data has the potential to complement more granular, qualitative approaches as part of an interpretive social science approach.},
	language = {en},
	number = {6},
	urldate = {2024-08-11},
	journal = {Public Understanding of Science},
	author = {Dommett, Katharine and Pearce, Warren},
	month = aug,
	year = {2019},
	note = {Publisher: SAGE Publications Ltd},
	pages = {669--678},
}





@article{dodge_hydraulic_2017,
	title = {Hydraulic fracturing as an interpretive policy problem: lessons on energy controversies in {Europe} and the {U}.{S}.{A}.},
	volume = {19},
	issn = {1523-908X},
	shorttitle = {Hydraulic fracturing as an interpretive policy problem},
	url = {https://doi.org/10.1080/1523908X.2016.1277947},
	doi = {10.1080/1523908X.2016.1277947},
	abstract = {This special issue addresses hydraulic fracturing for shale gas extraction as an interpretive policy problem. Bringing together empirical cases from the U.S.A., the Netherlands, the U.K., Poland, and Germany, we identify three approaches to the interpretation of hydraulic fracturing in the article: understanding its meaning, contextual explanation of the institutionalization of its meaning, and policy design as intervention to alter its meaning. By exploring differences and similarities across these cases, we identified two central tensions in the meaning of shale gas in all cases: (1) economic opportunity or environmental threat and (2) transition toward a more carbon-free energy future or perpetuation of a fossil fuel system. We found that when actors shift the meaning of hydraulic fracturing to consider it predominantly an issue of threat, this explains the dominance of risk governance as an approach to managing the controversy. Alternately, when the meaning of fracking shifts from consideration as an economic opportunity or a bridge fuel to consideration of it as a barrier to an energy transition, this explains the decision to ban fracking. Therefore, a comparative assessment of the papers demonstrates the ways interpretive dimensions of politics can influence the governance of public policy.},
	number = {1},
	urldate = {2024-08-11},
	journal = {Journal of Environmental Policy \& Planning},
	author = {Dodge, Jennifer and Metze, Tamara},
	month = jan,
	year = {2017},
	note = {Publisher: Routledge
\_eprint: https://doi.org/10.1080/1523908X.2016.1277947},
	keywords = {Shale gas, boundary work, discourse coalition, fracking, interpretive policy analysis},
	pages = {1--13},
}





@article{dodge_civil_2014,
	title = {Civil society organizations and deliberative policy making: interpreting environmental controversies in the deliberative system},
	volume = {47},
	issn = {1573-0891},
	shorttitle = {Civil society organizations and deliberative policy making},
	url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s11077-014-9200-y},
	doi = {10.1007/s11077-014-9200-y},
	abstract = {This paper argues that while research on deliberative democracy is burgeoning, there is relatively little attention paid to the contributions of civil society. Based on an interpretive conceptualization of deliberative democracy, this paper draws attention to the ways in which civil society organizations employ “storylines” about environmental issues and deliberative processes to shape deliberative policy making. It asks, how do civil society organizations promote storylines in the deliberative system to change policy? How do storylines constitute policy and policy-making processes in the deliberative system? I answer these questions through an empirical analysis of two environmental controversies in the USA: environmental justice in New Mexico and coalbed methane development in Wyoming. Findings indicate that civil society organizations used storylines in both cases to shift the dynamics of the deliberative system and to advance their own interpretations of environmental problems and policy-making processes. Specifically, they used storylines (1) to set the agenda on environmental hazards, (2) to construct the form of public deliberation, changing the rules of the game, (3) to construct the content of public deliberation, shaping meanings related to environmental policy, and (4) to couple/align forums, arenas and courts across the system. These findings suggest that promoting storylines through accommodation and selection processes can be an important mechanism for shaping policy meanings and for improving deliberative quality, although these effects are tempered by discursive and material forms of power, and the competition among alternative storylines.},
	language = {en},
	number = {2},
	urldate = {2024-08-11},
	journal = {Policy Sciences},
	author = {Dodge, Jennifer},
	month = jun,
	year = {2014},
	keywords = {Civil society organizations, Deliberative democracy, Deliberative system, Environmental policy, Interpretive policy analysis, Narrative inquiry},
	pages = {161--185},
}





@article{deneulin_revisiting_2011,
	title = {Revisiting {Religion}: {Development} {Studies} {Thirty} {Years} {On}},
	volume = {39},
	issn = {0305-750X},
	url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0305750X10001269},
	doi = {10.1016/j.worlddev.2010.05.007},
	abstract = {Summary
This paper re-assesses the treatment of religion in development studies 30 years after the publication of a special issue of World Development on “Religion and Development”. Given the changes in the social and political context, consideration of the subject of religion can no longer be avoided. The paper identifies two implications of this for development studies. First, the assumptions of secularization and secularism that supposedly define the relationships between religion, society, and politics have to be revisited. Second, development studies must recognize that religion is dynamic and heterogeneous. Both development studies and religion are concerned with the meaning of “progress” or a “better life,” implying that attention has to be given to social and historical processes of meaning creation, requiring a shift from positivist to interpretivist research methods. The paper concludes by looking at how consideration of religion is transforming development studies.},
	number = {1},
	journal = {World Development},
	author = {Deneulin, Séverine and Rakodi, Carole},
	month = jan,
	year = {2011},
	keywords = {faith-based organizations, religion, research methods, secularism},
	pages = {45--54},
}

















@article{daddow_constructing_2015,
	title = {Constructing a ‘great’ role for {Britain} in an age of austerity: {Interpreting} coalition foreign policy, 2010–2015},
	volume = {29},
	issn = {0047-1178},
	shorttitle = {Constructing a ‘great’ role for {Britain} in an age of austerity},
	url = {https://doi.org/10.1177/0047117815600931},
	doi = {10.1177/0047117815600931},
	abstract = {This article interprets the ideational underpinnings of the British Conservative–Liberal coalition government’s foreign policy from 2010 to 2015. It uses qualitative discourse analysis of speeches, statements and policy documents to unpack the traditions of foreign policy thought which informed some of the key foreign policy practices of the coalition government. The analysis centres on the British identity constructed by liberal Conservatives, and the values and interests flowing from this baseline identity that the government’s foreign policy sought to express through its foreign policy. Liberal Conservative foreign policy is argued to have been an attempt to come to terms with the limits on Britain’s international agency in the face of three major foreign policy dilemmas: the legacy of the New Labour years, dramatically reduced economic resources in the ‘age of austerity’ and an increasingly restricted capacity for Britain to exercise ideational entrepreneurship in the international community. The article substantiates the claim in the extant literature that liberal Conservatism significantly adapted but did not restructure an established British foreign policy tradition of merging values and interests in complex ways.},
	language = {en},
	number = {3},
	urldate = {2024-08-11},
	journal = {International Relations},
	author = {Daddow, Oliver},
	month = sep,
	year = {2015},
	note = {Publisher: SAGE Publications Ltd},
	pages = {303--318},
}









@book{cramer_politics_2016,
	address = {Chicago, IL},
	series = {Chicago {Studies} in {American} {Politics}},
	title = {The {Politics} of {Resentment}: {Rural} {Consciousness} in {Wisconsin} and the {Rise} of {Scott} {Walker}},
	isbn = {978-0-226-34911-4},
	shorttitle = {The {Politics} of {Resentment}},
	url = {https://press.uchicago.edu/ucp/books/book/chicago/P/bo22879533.html},
	abstract = {Since the election of Scott Walker, Wisconsin has been seen as ground zero for debates about the appropriate role of government in the wake of the Great Recession. In a time of rising inequality, Walker not only survived a bitterly contested recall that brought thousands of protesters to Capitol Square, he was subsequently reelected. How could this happen? How is it that the very people who stand to benefit from strong government services not only vote against the candidates who support those services but are vehemently against the very idea of big government?             With The Politics of Resentment, Katherine J. Cramer uncovers an oft-overlooked piece of the puzzle: rural political consciousness and the resentment of the “liberal elite.” Rural voters are distrustful that politicians will respect the distinct values of their communities and allocate a fair share of resources. What can look like disagreements about basic political principles are therefore actually rooted in something even more fundamental: who we are as people and how closely a candidate’s social identity matches our own. Using Scott Walker and Wisconsin’s prominent and protracted debate about the appropriate role of government, Cramer illuminates the contours of rural consciousness, showing how place-based identities profoundly influence how people understand politics, regardless of whether urban politicians and their supporters really do shortchange or look down on those living in the country.The Politics of Resentment shows that rural resentment—no less than partisanship, race, or class—plays a major role in dividing America against itself.},
	language = {en},
	urldate = {2024-08-11},
	publisher = {University of Chicago Press},
	author = {Cramer, Katherine J.},
	month = mar,
	year = {2016},
	keywords = {21st century, american studies, arguments, conservatives, debate, division, governing, government, governor, great recession, inequality, journalism, liberal elite, listening, mass communication, perception, political science, politicians, politics, public services, republican party, resentment, right wing, right-leaning, rural areas, scott walker, social identity, united states of america, usa, wisconsin},
}









@article{corson_capturing_2014,
	title = {Capturing the {Personal} in {Politics}: {Ethnographies} of {Global} {Environmental} {Governance}},
	volume = {14},
	issn = {1526-3800},
	shorttitle = {Capturing the {Personal} in {Politics}},
	url = {https://doi.org/10.1162/GLEP_a_00237},
	doi = {10.1162/GLEP_a_00237},
	abstract = {In this article we elaborate on how we use collaborative event ethnography to study global environmental governance. We discuss how it builds on traditional forms of ethnography, as well as on approaches that use ethnography to study policy-making in multiple institutional and geographical sites. We argue that global environmental meetings and negotiations offer opportunities to study critical historical moments in the making of emergent regimes of global environmental governance, and that collaborative ethnography can capture the day-to-day practices that constitute policy paradigm shifts. In this method, the negotiations themselves are not the object of study, but rather how they reflect and transform relations of power in environmental governance. Finally, we propose a new approach to understanding and examining global environmental governance—one that views the ethnographic field as constituted by relationships across time and space that come together at sites such as meetings.},
	number = {3},
	urldate = {2024-08-11},
	journal = {Global Environmental Politics},
	author = {Corson, Catherine and Campbell, Lisa M. and MacDonald, Kenneth I.},
	month = aug,
	year = {2014},
	pages = {21--40},
}









@article{cornwall_gender_2007,
	title = {Gender {Myths} and {Feminist} {Fables}: {The} {Struggle} for {Interpretive} {Power} in {Gender} and {Development}},
	volume = {38},
	issn = {1467-7660},
	shorttitle = {Gender {Myths} and {Feminist} {Fables}},
	url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1467-7660.2007.00400.x},
	doi = {10.1111/j.1467-7660.2007.00400.x},
	abstract = {Gender and development has grown enormously as a field over the last thirty years. In this introduction, we interrogate the ambivalence that underpins feminist engagement with development and examine what current dilemmas may suggest about the relationship between feminist knowledge and development practice. In recent years, there has been growing frustration with the simplistic slogans that have come to characterize much gender and development talk, and with the gap between professed intention and actual practice in policies and programmes. Questions are now being asked about what has become of ‘gender’ in development. This collection brings together critical reflections on some ideas about gender that have become especially resonant in development narratives, particularly those that entail popularization and the deployment of iconic images of women. This introduction explores more closely the issues raised by such myth-making, arguing that these myths stem from exigencies within the politics and practices of development bureaucracies, within the difficult politics of feminist engagement with development policy and practice and within feminist politics itself.},
	language = {en},
	number = {1},
	urldate = {2024-08-11},
	journal = {Development and Change},
	author = {Cornwall, Andrea and Harrison, Elizabeth and Whitehead, Ann},
	year = {2007},
	note = {\_eprint: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/j.1467-7660.2007.00400.x},
	pages = {1--20},
}





@article{corbett_shifting_2013,
	title = {Shifting {Sands}: {Interpreting} ‘{Developmental}’ {Leadership} in the {Pacific} {Islands}},
	volume = {40},
	issn = {0803-9410},
	shorttitle = {Shifting {Sands}},
	url = {https://doi.org/10.1080/08039410.2013.799097},
	doi = {10.1080/08039410.2013.799097},
	abstract = {The capacity for leadership, including political leadership, to improve development outcomes has attracted recent interest within development studies and associated donor agencies. This new approach is a welcome critique of the broadly institutionalist outlook of the good governance agenda; however, there is a mismatch between the desire to ‘bring the agency back in’ and the commitment of the Developmental Leadership Programme's (DLP's) to positivism, and, despite claims to the contrary, structuralism. Instead, I argue that interpretivism, with its emphasis on the meanings and beliefs of human actors, can augment this approach by providing a fundamentally different view of the agency question that sits at the heart of the DLP's research programme. To illustrate this point, I draw from my own research into the life stories of politicians from the Pacific Islands. In contrast to the dead weight of multiple variables and formal laws, I find that political life is embedded within the distinctively human realm of interpersonal action and that while leaders implicitly believe in their own agency, they also commonly experience a sense of powerlessness that stems in no small part from the inherent contingency and uncertainty of all policy-making.},
	number = {3},
	urldate = {2024-08-11},
	journal = {Forum for Development Studies},
	author = {Corbett, Jack},
	month = nov,
	year = {2013},
	note = {Publisher: Routledge
\_eprint: https://doi.org/10.1080/08039410.2013.799097},
	keywords = {Pacific Islands, developmental leadership, framing, interpretivism, mobilising metaphors, storylines},
	pages = {491--509},
}













@article{connelly_importance_2016,
	title = {The importance of interpretive social science to promoting renewable energy and sustainable development},
	volume = {2},
	copyright = {cc\_by\_nc\_nd\_4},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.21622/RESD.2016.02.2.068},
	language = {en},
	number = {2},
	urldate = {2024-08-11},
	journal = {Renewable Energy \& Sustainable Development},
	author = {Connelly, S.},
	month = jul,
	year = {2016},
	note = {Num Pages: 2
Number: 2
Publisher: Arab Academy for Science, Technology, and Maritime Transport},
	pages = {68--69},
}









@incollection{ackerly_motives_2006,
	address = {Cambridge},
	title = {Motives and methods: using multi-sited ethnography to study {US} national security discourses},
	isbn = {978-0-521-86115-1},
	shorttitle = {Motives and methods},
	url = {https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/feminist-methodologies-for-international-relations/motives-and-methods-using-multisited-ethnography-to-study-us-national-security-discourses/035CDE84D9127E50F1920D7DDBD29580},
	abstract = {I needed an approach that didn't require bad guys with bad attitudes … an approach that would let you look at the nature of the way the whole thing was put together.(Hacker 1990)Follow the metaphorI embarked on my research on gender and security in the mid-1980s, during the height of the Cold War and the so-called “nuclear arms race” between the USA and the Soviet Union. The manufacture and stockpiling of tens of thousands of nuclear weapons, the quest for more “useable nukes” and more “survivable” weapons delivery systems – all of it seemed so wildly irrational to me that I was consumed by the questions: “How can they do this? How can they even think this way?”Initially, those questions were more expressions of moral anguish and political despair than anything I might have ever thought of as “a good research question.” However, the intensity of my concern led me to take an opportunity to learn about nuclear weapons from some of the men who made their living thinking about nuclear weaponry and strategy. And that experience, my first close encounter with the discursive universe of national security elites, ultimately led me into an extensive, multi-sited study of the role of gender in shaping US national security paradigms, policies, and practices (Cohn, forthcoming). This chapter is a reflection on the methodological choices I made in the course of that study.},
	urldate = {2024-08-11},
	booktitle = {Feminist {Methodologies} for {International} {Relations}},
	publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
	author = {Cohn, Carol},
	editor = {Ackerly, Brooke A. and True, Jacqui and Stern, Maria},
	year = {2006},
	doi = {10.1017/CBO9780511617690.007},
	pages = {91--107},
}













@article{cheesman_rule--law_2018,
	title = {Rule-of-{Law} {Ethnography}},
	volume = {14},
	issn = {1550-3585, 1550-3631},
	url = {https://www.annualreviews.org/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-lawsocsci-101317-030900},
	doi = {10.1146/annurev-lawsocsci-101317-030900},
	abstract = {This review outlines an emerging agenda for ethnographic interpretation of the rule of law. From a survey of studies done on the rule of law in Africa, Asia, Europe, and the Americas, the review identifies four general characteristics of this mode of inquiry, namely, that it is located, relational, and comparative and has extrinsic value. It offers three nonexhaustive reasons for interpreting the rule of law ethnographically, which are as a counterhegemonic practice, in response to counterintuitive observations, and as a means to do constitutive theorizing. Contending that ethnographic work on the rule of law involves some kind of stance toward both research subjects and object of inquiry, the review advocates for the exercise of passionate humility: a conviction about the rule of law tempered by willingness to be proven wrong through inquiries in critical proximity with socially and politically mediated facts. Rule-of-law ethnography\&apos;s possibility lies in its attending to the relationship between what is claimed in the rule of law\&apos;s name and what is realized, not to make the idea look foolish, but to show how it emerges and why it persists through struggle.},
	language = {en},
	number = {Volume 14, 2018},
	urldate = {2024-08-11},
	journal = {Annual Review of Law and Social Science},
	author = {Cheesman, Nick},
	month = oct,
	year = {2018},
	note = {Publisher: Annual Reviews},
	pages = {167--184},
}









@book{cheesman_opposing_2015,
	address = {Cambridge},
	series = {Cambridge {Studies} in {Law} and {Society}},
	title = {Opposing the {Rule} of {Law}: {How} {Myanmar}'s {Courts} {Make} {Law} and {Order}},
	isbn = {978-1-107-08318-9},
	shorttitle = {Opposing the {Rule} of {Law}},
	url = {https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/opposing-the-rule-of-law/BB87CE496A4603D02E94A6400FC3E16C},
	abstract = {The rule of law is a political ideal today endorsed and promoted worldwide. Or is it? In a significant contribution to the field, Nick Cheesman argues that Myanmar is a country in which the rule of law is 'lexically present but semantically absent'. Charting ideas and practices from British colonial rule through military dictatorship to the present day, Cheesman calls upon political and legal theory to explain how and why institutions animated by a concern for law and order oppose the rule of law. Empirically grounded in both Burmese and English sources, including criminal trial records and wide ranging official documents, Opposing the Rule of Law offers the first significant study of courts in contemporary Myanmar. It sheds new light on the politics of courts during dark times and sharply illuminates the tension between the demand for law and the imperatives of order.},
	urldate = {2024-08-11},
	publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
	author = {Cheesman, Nick},
	year = {2015},
	doi = {10.1017/CBO9781316014936},
}









@article{calliari_making_2020,
	title = {Making sense of the politics in the climate change loss \& damage debate},
	volume = {64},
	issn = {0959-3780},
	url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0959378020307160},
	doi = {10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2020.102133},
	abstract = {The Warsaw International Mechanism for Loss and Damage (L\&D) associated with Climate Change Impacts (WIM) was established in 2013 to advance i) knowledge generation; ii) coordination and iii) support to address losses and damages under the UNFCCC. So far, the work undertaken by the WIM Executive Committee (ExCom) has focused on enhancing understanding and awareness of the issue and promoting collaboration with relevant stakeholders. Delivering on the WIM’s third function on action and support has lagged behind, and ‘the political’ nature of L\&D has often been blamed for this. Key terrains of contention among Parties have included the positioning of L\&D governance vis-à-vis the adaptation space and struggles around state liability and compensation. As a way to facilitate discussion on implementation options, recent research has suggested de-politicising aspects of the L\&D debate; yet we have very little insight into how the politics are understood within the realm of international L\&D governance. This paper brings an analysis of ‘the political’ into the picture by identifying the complex and underlying issues that fuel contention within UNFCCC L\&D negotiations. It gives centre stage to the way different framings of norms and material interests affect the debate, and challenges the tendency in current L\&D literature to overlook the socio-historical and political underpinnings of this area of policy-making. We employ a qualitative multi-methods research design which draws on content analysis of 138 official Parties’ submissions and statements, 14 elite interviews with key current and former L\&D negotiators and is built on a foundation of 3 years of participant observation at COPs and WIM meetings. We approach this data with a political ethnographic sensibility that seeks to explore how meanings are constructed within and across different sources of data. Our empirical results show that, rather than being a monolithic dispute, L\&D catalyses different yet intertwined unresolved discussions. We identify five areas of contention, including continued disputes around compensation; conflicts on the legitimacy of L\&D as a third pillar of climate action; tensions between the technical and political dimension of the debate; debates over accountability for losses and damages incurred; and the connection of L\&D with other unresolved issues under the Convention.},
	urldate = {2024-08-11},
	journal = {Global Environmental Change},
	author = {Calliari, E. and Serdeczny, O. and Vanhala, L.},
	month = sep,
	year = {2020},
	keywords = {International relations, Loss and damage, Multi-methods, Negotiations, Political ethnography, Politics, UNFCCC},
	pages = {102133},
}













@article{cali_interpretivism_2009,
	title = {On {Interpretivism} and {International} {Law}},
	volume = {20},
	issn = {0938-5428},
	url = {https://doi.org/10.1093/ejil/chp038},
	doi = {10.1093/ejil/chp038},
	abstract = {This article argues for the relevance of interpretivism within theoretical and normative debates about international law. To do this, the article carries out two tasks. First, it draws out the central features of interpretivism that make it a theoretically distinct contribution to understanding the nature and theory of law. Secondly, it identifies four important objections, two external and two internal, to the relevance of interpretivism to international law. External objections stem from positivism and anti-essentialism about international law. Internal objections, on the other hand, stem from the view that international law does not suit the application of interpretivism. I show that it is possible to counter all four and conclude by pointing to the nature of future work that needs to be undertaken to develop a substantive interpretivist account of international law.},
	number = {3},
	urldate = {2024-08-11},
	journal = {European Journal of International Law},
	author = {Çali, Başak},
	month = aug,
	year = {2009},
	pages = {805--822},
}





@incollection{bruyneel_hierarchy_2008,
	address = {New York, N.Y},
	title = {Hierarchy and hybridity: the internal postcolonialism of mid-nineteenth-century {American} expansionism},
	isbn = {978-0-203-62602-3},
	shorttitle = {Hierarchy and hybridity},
	url = {https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9780203626023-5/hierarchy-hybridity-internal-postcolonialism-mid-nineteenth-century-american-expansionism-kevin-bruyneel},
	abstract = {One does not need to look far and wide in contemporary U.S. politics to locate anti-immigrant discourse directed at, especially, Mexican immigrants and by correlation Mexican Americans. In particular, Congressman Tom Tancredo (R-CO) and Cable News Network anchor Lou Dobbs have led the way in articulating an anti-immigrant political discourse that envisions Mexicans, in particular, as a force that threatens American nation-space by transgressing U.S. borders and laws, challenging American national identity by waving Mexican flags at rallies, and, in some cases seeking to “re-conquer” American territory. In all, a consistent demand of these anti-immigrant voices is for Mexicans in the United States to “go back to where they came from.” 1 Along with being racist and nationalist, this political discourse is generally ahistorical, masking the complicated relationship between state, space, and identity that has constituted the Mexican and Mexican-American relationship to U.S. politics and American nationhood. This chapter does not refer to the contemporary situation directly, but, rather, seeks to shed light on the colonialist relationship between race and U.S. political development as it concerns Mexicans and Mexican Americans. Shedding light is the appropriate term here, as the approach I employ in this chapter offers a way to make visible the colonialist practices woven into American nation- and state-building over time. Specifically, I read the story of mid-nineteenth century American expansionism as one of neither simple exploitation nor inclusion, but rather as a reflection of what I call the internal postcolonial dynamics of U.S. nation-building, where racial hierarchies are persistent but not static, subject to hybridic developments in racial identity and relations over time.},
	language = {en},
	urldate = {2024-08-11},
	booktitle = {Race and {American} {Political} {Development}},
	publisher = {Routledge},
	author = {Bruyneel, Kevin},
	editor = {Novkov, Julie and Warren, Dorian and Lowndes, Joseph},
	year = {2008},
	doi = {10.4324/9780203626023-5},
	pages = {117--135},
}





@book{bruyneel_third_2007,
	address = {Minneapolis, MN},
	title = {The {Third} {Space} of {Sovereignty}: {The} {Postcolonial} {Politics} of {U}.{S}.–{Indigenous} {Relations}},
	isbn = {978-0-8166-5393-5},
	shorttitle = {The {Third} {Space} of {Sovereignty}},
	url = {https://muse.jhu.edu/pub/23/monograph/book/27663},
	abstract = {The imposition of modern American colonial rule has defined U.S.–indigenous relations since the time of the American Civil War. In resistance, Kevin Bruyneel asserts, indigenous political actors work across American spatial and temporal boundaries, demanding rights and resources from the government while also challenging the imposition of colonial rule over their lives. This resistance engenders what he calls a “third space of sovereignty,” which resides neither inside nor outside the U.S. political system but rather exists on its boundaries, exposing both the practices and limitations of American colonial rule.   The Third Space of Sovereignty offers fresh insights on such topics as the crucial importance of the formal end of treaty-making in 1871, indigenous responses to the prospect of U.S. citizenship in the 1920s, native politics during the tumultuous civil rights era of the 1960s, the question of indigenousness in the special election of California’s governor in 2003, and the current issues surrounding gaming and casinos.  In this engaging and provocative work, Bruyneel shows how native political actors have effectively contested the narrow limits that the United States has imposed on indigenous people’s ability to define their identity and to develop economically and politically on their own terms. Kevin Bruyneel is assistant professor of politics at Babson  College.},
	urldate = {2024-08-11},
	publisher = {University of Minnesota Press},
	author = {Bruyneel, Kevin},
	year = {2007},
}













@article{boswell_state_2019,
	title = {State of the field: {What} can political ethnography tell us about anti-politics and democratic disaffection?},
	volume = {58},
	copyright = {© 2018 European Consortium for Political Research},
	issn = {1475-6765},
	shorttitle = {State of the field},
	url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/1475-6765.12270},
	doi = {10.1111/1475-6765.12270},
	abstract = {This article adopts and reinvents the ethnographic approach to uncover what governing elites do, and how they respond to public disaffection. Although there is significant work on the citizens’ attitudes to the governing elite (the demand side) there is little work on how elites interpret and respond to public disaffection (the supply side). It is argued here that ethnography is the best available research method for collecting data on the supply side. The article tackles longstanding stereotypes in political science about the ethnographic method and what it is good for, and highlights how the innovative and varied practices of contemporary ethnography are ideally suited to shedding light into the ‘black box’ of elite politics. The potential pay-off is demonstrated with reference to important examples of elite ethnography from the margins of political science scholarship. The implications from these rich studies suggest a reorientation of how one understands the drivers of public disaffection and the role that political elites play in exacerbating cynicism and disappointment. The article concludes by pointing to the benefits to the discipline in embracing elite ethnography both to diversify the methodological toolkit in explaining the complex dynamics of disaffection, and to better enable engagement in renewed public debate about the political establishment.},
	language = {en},
	number = {1},
	urldate = {2024-08-11},
	journal = {European Journal of Political Research},
	author = {Boswell, John and Corbett, Jack and Dommett, Kate and Jennings, Will and Flinders, Matthew and Rhodes, R.a.w. and Wood, Matthew},
	year = {2019},
	note = {\_eprint: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/1475-6765.12270},
	keywords = {democratic governance, disaffection, elites, ethnography},
	pages = {56--71},
}





@article{boswell_democracy_2021,
	title = {Democracy, {Interpretation}, and the “{Problem}” of {Conceptual} {Ambiguity}: {Reflections} on the {V}-{Dem} {Project}’s {Struggles} with {Operationalizing} {Deliberative} {Democracy}},
	volume = {53},
	issn = {0032-3497},
	shorttitle = {Democracy, {Interpretation}, and the “{Problem}” of {Conceptual} {Ambiguity}},
	url = {https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/abs/10.1086/713173},
	doi = {10.1086/713173},
	abstract = {Democracy is a notoriously ambiguous concept. Political scientists typically see this ambiguity as a problem that restricts measurement and causal explanation, especially for the comparative study of democratization. Increasingly ambitious data collection efforts and sophisticated methodological approaches attempt to resolve this problem—nowhere more so than in the recent, award-winning, and highly prominent Varieties of Democracy (V-Dem) dataset. By contrast, ambiguity and contestation over what democracy actually means is key both to normative theorizing and to the capacity to re-examine and reimagine democratic practice during moments of crisis. Rather than attempting to pin down and measure democratic quality, we highlight instead the value of ambiguity to normative democratic theory and interpretive political science. We offer four reflections on V-Dem based on examples from the literature on deliberative democracy, which is the discipline’s most prominent attempt to reinvent and reinvigorate democratic practice amid crisis and disaffection. Our aim is not to reignite the paradigm wars or fundamentally question the validity of projects like V-Dem, but rather to illustrate how a more plural approach might augment their theoretical and empirical contribution. We conclude by offering concrete illustrations of what this might look like in practice.},
	number = {2},
	urldate = {2024-08-11},
	journal = {Polity},
	author = {Boswell, John and Corbett, Jack},
	month = apr,
	year = {2021},
	note = {Publisher: The University of Chicago Press},
	keywords = {V-Dem, concept formation, deliberative democracy, democracy, democratization},
	pages = {239--263},
}





@article{boswell_hoisted_2014,
	title = {'{Hoisted} with our own petard': evidence and democratic deliberation on obesity},
	volume = {47},
	issn = {0032-2687},
	shorttitle = {'{Hoisted} with our own petard'},
	url = {https://www.jstor.org/stable/44113976},
	abstract = {Key actors engaged in debate on obesity in Australia and the UK subscribe to radically different narratives about the nature, extent and even existence of this public health problem. Yet there is a common thread to these clashing narratives: evidence. All are emphatic that their story is 'evidence-based'. In this paper, I seek to examine this state of affairs by looking at how actors think about, use and interpret evidence across a range of sites of policy debate on this issue. In doing so, I contribute to academic inquiry about the place of evidence in democratic deliberation. Firstly, I find that there is a high degree of consensus among actors who promote differing interpretations of the issue on what evidence means and entails in the abstract. Secondly, I find that the differing narratives on obesity are underpinned by different interpretations of the evidence, but that internal inconsistencies affect each of these competing narratives as well. As such, I argue that policy actors should not be seen just as strategically marshalling convenient evidence to support a preconceived cause. Overall, I suggest that these findings have mixed implications for democratic deliberation on the issue, enhancing the deliberative side of the equation but undermining the democratic. I then point to ways in which the goals of evidence-based and democratic policymaking on this issue may be further reconciled.},
	number = {4},
	urldate = {2024-08-11},
	journal = {Policy Sciences},
	author = {Boswell, John},
	year = {2014},
	note = {Publisher: Springer},
	pages = {345--365},
}









@article{boezeman_participation_2014,
	title = {Participation under a spell of instrumentalization? {Reflections} on action research in an entrenched climate adaptation policy process},
	volume = {8},
	issn = {1946-0171},
	shorttitle = {Participation under a spell of instrumentalization?},
	url = {https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/19460171.2014.950304},
	doi = {10.1080/19460171.2014.950304},
	number = {4},
	urldate = {2024-08-11},
	journal = {Critical Policy Studies},
	author = {Boezeman, Daan and Vink, Martinus and Leroy, Pieter and Halffman, Willem},
	month = oct,
	year = {2014},
	note = {Publisher: Routledge},
	keywords = {action research, climate adaptation, instrumentalization, participation, science–policy interface, water management},
	pages = {407--426},
}





@book{behl_gendered_2019,
	address = {New York, N.Y},
	title = {Gendered {Citizenship}: {Understanding} {Gendered} {Violence} in {Democratic} {India}},
	isbn = {978-0-19-094942-6},
	url = {https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190949426.001.0001},
	abstract = {It has been shown time and again that even though all citizens may be accorded equal standing in the constitution of a liberal democracy, such a legal provision hardly guarantees state protections against discrimination and political exclusion. More specifically, why do we find pervasive gender-based discrimination, exclusion, and violence in India when the Indian Constitution supports an inclusive democracy committed to gender and caste equality?},
	urldate = {2024-09-08},
	publisher = {Oxford University Press},
	author = {Behl, Natasha},
	month = oct,
	year = {2019},
	doi = {10.1093/oso/9780190949426.001.0001},
}





























@book{bevir_governance_2006,
	title = {Governance {Stories}},
	isbn = {978-1-134-18420-0},
	abstract = {An incisive examination of Britain today, which breaks from traditional studies, and takes a new approach to account for massive changes in the make-up of the nation.Over the last twenty years Britain has changed from being governed as a unitary state to a country ruled by the interplay of various forces: central government, the market, public-private partnerships, new local government structures (eg. the new Mayoral system), greater regional autonomy as well as the EU and transnational businesses and organizations.In their earlier book Interpreting British Governance, Bevir and Rhodes examined changes in British government by setting out an interpretative approach to British political science, which focussed on an aggregate analysis of British political traditions. This new study builds on this work to: provide a theoretical defence of situated agency located in the historical context of British political science compare their approach to British political science with others including, post-structural and institutional analysis present a general account of governance as the context for ethnographic analyses of governance in action deliver studies of the consumers of public services, the National Health Service, government departments and policy networks. This book will be of great interest to advanced students and researchers of political theory, public policy, British politics and British history.},
	language = {en},
	publisher = {Routledge},
	author = {Bevir, Mark and Rhodes, R. A. W.},
	month = apr,
	year = {2006},
	note = {Google-Books-ID: ZbhU4en1txMC},
	keywords = {Political Science / General, Political Science / History \& Theory, Political Science / International Relations / General},
}





@book{bevir_interpreting_2003,
	address = {London},
	title = {Interpreting {British} {Governance}},
	isbn = {978-0-203-13591-4},
	abstract = {How is Britain governed? Have we entered a new era of governance? Can traditional approaches to governance help us to interpret 21st century Britain?This book},
	publisher = {Routledge},
	author = {Bevir, Mark and Rhodes, R. A. W.},
	month = mar,
	year = {2003},
	doi = {10.4324/9780203135914},
}









@article{de_volo_dynamics_2007,
	title = {The {Dynamics} of {Emotion} and {Activism}: {Grief}, {Gender}, and {Collective} {Identity} in {Revolutionary} {Nicaragua}},
	volume = {11},
	issn = {1086-671X},
	shorttitle = {The {Dynamics} of {Emotion} and {Activism}},
	url = {https://doi.org/10.17813/maiq.11.4.q21r3432561l21t7},
	doi = {10.17813/maiq.11.4.q21r3432561l21t7},
	abstract = {This article argues for a multidirectional and gendered understanding of the causal relationship between emotion and collective identity. Based on interviews and participant observation with core members of a Nicaraguan mothers' organization, I identify four ways in which emotion and identity are causally linked: emotion-based identity, therapy, affective bonds, and change in collective identity leading to change in grieving style. These indicate a dynamic relationship between emotion and collective identity. Furthermore, to understand emotion-based collective identity and perceptions of the emotional benefits of participation, this relationship must be understood through gendered cultural expectations about emotion.},
	number = {4},
	urldate = {2024-08-09},
	journal = {Mobilization: An International Quarterly},
	author = {de Volo, Lorraine Bayard},
	month = feb,
	year = {2007},
	pages = {461--474},
}









@book{de_volo_mothers_2001,
	address = {Baltimore, MD},
	title = {Mothers of {Heroes} and {Martyrs}: {Gender} {Identity} {Politics} in {Nicaragua}, 1979–1999},
	isbn = {978-0-8018-6764-4},
	shorttitle = {Mothers of {Heroes} and {Martyrs}},
	url = {https://www.google.ch/books/edition/Mothers_of_Heroes_and_Martyrs/nv0Pg82ljAcC?hl=en&gbpv=0},
	abstract = {How did a group of overwhelmingly poor, older women in a third-world country emerge to become a powerful force in their country's politics? Founded during the Nicaraguan revolution, the Mothers of Heroes and Martyrs of Matagalpa comprises women who supported the revolution but did not carry guns; who, in their words, gave up their loved ones to the struggle.In this book Lorraine Bayard de Volo focuses on this group to reveal what she calls "the dominant but rarely examined maternal identity politics of revolution, war, and democratization." Dividing Nicaraguan politics (1979-99) into four periods, Bayard de Volo uses both macro- and micro-levels of analysis to capture the dialectical relationship between large-scale political processes and the "micropolitics" of collective action. She shows how Sandinistas and anti-Sandinistas mobilized both mothers and maternal imagery and in turn analyzes how this imagery was adopted and manipulated by the Mothers of Heroes and Martyrs. Employing a feminist Gramscian approach to address the gendered nature of cultural politics and collective identity, the author shows how, in the battle to capture Nicaraguan hearts and minds, both sides relied primarily on maternal images of women. Such "mobilizing identities" propelled women into unprecedented levels of collective action, yet at the same time channeled them away from feminist priorities.},
	language = {en},
	publisher = {Johns Hopkins University Press},
	author = {de Volo, Lorraine Bayard},
	month = oct,
	year = {2001},
	note = {Google-Books-ID: nv0Pg82ljAcC},
	keywords = {History / Americas (North, Central, South, West Indies), History / Latin America / General, Political Science / Comparative Politics, Political Science / International Relations / General, Political Science / Women in Politics, Political Science / World / Caribbean \& Latin American, Social Science / Gender Studies, Social Science / Women's Studies},
}





@book{bevir_decentring_2019,
	address = {Abingdon, Oxon},
	title = {Decentring {European} {Governance}},
	isbn = {978-1-351-20953-3},
	abstract = {Conforming neither to the hierarchical and bureaucratic organization of the European nation-state nor the anarchical structure of international organizations, the European Union (EU) and its predecessors provide an exemplary site for developing a decentred approach to the study of governance.The book offers an analysis of the formation and transformation of the EU as an example of governance above the nation-state and is framed by the recognition that the construction of the EU has resulted in variegated and decentred forms of governance. The chapters look at distinct aspects of EU governance to bring to light the influence of elite narratives, scientific rationalities, local traditions and meaningful practices in the making and remaking of European governance. As such, each chapter offers a unique contribution to the study of the EU. In doing so, the book challenges dominant narratives of European integration and policymaking that appeal to reified rationalities and social structures, and uncovers the contingency and conflict endemic to European governance.This text will be of key interest to scholars and students of European Union politics, European politics/studies, governance and, more broadly, to public management, international organizations, anthropology and sociology.},
	language = {en},
	publisher = {Routledge},
	author = {Bevir, Mark and Phillips, Ryan},
	month = feb,
	year = {2019},
	note = {Google-Books-ID: L8eHDwAAQBAJ},
	keywords = {Political Science / General, Social Science / Anthropology / General, Social Science / Regional Studies, Social Science / Sociology / General},
}





@article{bevir_english_2020,
	title = {The {English} school and the classical approach: {Between} modernism and interpretivism},
	volume = {16},
	issn = {1755-0882},
	shorttitle = {The {English} school and the classical approach},
	url = {https://doi.org/10.1177/1755088219898883},
	doi = {10.1177/1755088219898883},
	abstract = {This article analyses the evolution of the English school’s approach to international relations from the work of the early British Committee in the late 1950s and early 1960s to its revival in the 1990s and afterwards. It argues that the school’s so-called ‘classical approach’ was shaped by the crisis of developmental historicism brought on by the First World War and by the reactions of historians like Herbert Butterfield and Martin Wight to the rise of modernist social science in the twentieth century. It characterises the classical approach, as advanced by Hedley Bull, as a form of ‘reluctant modernism’ with underlying interpretivist commitments and unresolved tensions with modernist approaches. It argues that to resolve some of the confusion concerning its preferred approach to the study of international relations, the English school should return to the interpretivist commitments of its early thinkers.},
	language = {en},
	number = {2},
	urldate = {2024-08-09},
	journal = {Journal of International Political Theory},
	author = {Bevir, Mark and Hall, Ian},
	month = jun,
	year = {2020},
	note = {Publisher: SAGE Publications},
	pages = {153--170},
}





@book{bevir_interpreting_2013,
	address = {London, UK},
	title = {Interpreting {Global} {Security}},
	isbn = {978-0-203-71346-4},
	url = {https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203713464},
	abstract = {This edited collection explores the fruitfulness of applying an interpretive approach to the study of global security. The interpretive approach concentrates on},
	publisher = {Routledge},
	editor = {Bevir, Mark and Daddow, Oliver and Hall, Ian},
	month = aug,
	year = {2013},
	doi = {10.4324/9780203713464},
}





@article{bevir_introduction_2013,
	title = {Introduction: {Interpreting} {British} {Foreign} {Policy}},
	volume = {15},
	issn = {1369-1481},
	shorttitle = {Introduction},
	url = {https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-856X.2012.00537.x},
	doi = {10.1111/j.1467-856X.2012.00537.x},
	language = {en},
	number = {2},
	urldate = {2024-08-09},
	journal = {The British Journal of Politics and International Relations},
	author = {Bevir, Mark and Daddow, Oliver and Hall, Ian},
	month = may,
	year = {2013},
	note = {Publisher: SAGE Publications},
	pages = {163--174},
}





@article{barbehon_urban_2016,
	title = {Urban {Problem} {Discourses}: {Understanding} the {Distinctiveness} of {Cities}},
	volume = {38},
	issn = {0735-2166},
	shorttitle = {Urban {Problem} {Discourses}},
	url = {https://doi.org/10.1111/juaf.12206},
	doi = {10.1111/juaf.12206},
	abstract = {Despite the insistence in interpretive policy analysis that the discursive construction of problems must be understood in terms of their historical and spatial context, it remains an open question how cities provide such a context. We argue that cities as a distinct form of sociation enable certain (discursive) actions, while restricting others. Taking both the interest of interpretive policy analysis in the social construction of political reality and holistic concepts of approaching the distinctiveness of cities as starting points, we scrutinize how the cities of Frankfurt/Main, Dortmund, Birmingham, and Glasgow provide distinct contexts for the construction of local policy problems. Based on an inquiry into urban discourses we ask, first, how problematizations involve locally specific attributions of problem causes and responsibilities for problem solving and, second, how this is related to a locally distinct understanding of the city’s past, present, and future.},
	number = {2},
	urldate = {2024-08-09},
	journal = {Journal of Urban Affairs},
	author = {Barbehön, Marlon and Münch, Sybille and Gehring, Petra and Grossmann, Andreas and Haus, Michael and Heinelt, Hubert},
	month = may,
	year = {2016},
	note = {Publisher: Routledge
\_eprint: https://doi.org/10.1111/juaf.12206},
	pages = {236--251},
}





@book{barbehon_middle_2020,
	address = {London, UK},
	title = {Middle {Class} and {Welfare} {State}: {Making} {Sense} of an {Ambivalent} {Relationship}},
	isbn = {978-1-00-005970-0},
	shorttitle = {Middle {Class} and {Welfare} {State}},
	url = {https://www.routledge.com/Middle-Class-and-Welfare-State-Making-Sense-of-an-Ambivalent-Relationship/Barbehon-Geugjes-Haus/p/book/9781032474649},
	abstract = {This book examines the relationship between the middle class and the welfare state. Taking an interpretive approach which understands the middle class as a socially constructed category, it combines discourse analysis, welfare state theory, and interpretive policy analysis in an innovative way to investigate how the middle class becomes a meaningful object of public debates and policymaking. Comparing Germany, Sweden, and the United Kingdom, the book reconstructs the prevalent images and meanings of the middle class from each country’s public debates and tracks how the middle classes with their various meanings and characteristics are entangled with the identification of societal problems, the articulation of political demands, and the construction of welfare policies. Ultimately, it shows how the formation and consolidation of different welfare regimes can be interpreted as specific ways of solving the puzzle of how to incorporate the middle class in the construction of a welfare state consensus. This book will be of key interest to scholars and students of comparative welfare state research, policy analysis, political sociology, political theory, and European and comparative politics.},
	language = {en},
	publisher = {Routledge},
	author = {Barbehön, Marlon and Geugjes, Marilena and Haus, Michael},
	month = mar,
	year = {2020},
	note = {Google-Books-ID: PabYDwAAQBAJ},
	keywords = {Political Science / General, Political Science / Public Opinion Polling, Political Science / Public Policy / Social Policy, Political Science / Public Policy / Social Services \& Welfare, Social Science / General, Social Science / Regional Studies, Social Science / Sociology / General},
}





@book{autesserre_peaceland_2014,
	address = {Cambridge},
	series = {Problems of {International} {Politics}},
	title = {Peaceland: {Conflict} {Resolution} and the {Everyday} {Politics} of {International} {Intervention}},
	isbn = {978-1-107-05210-9},
	shorttitle = {Peaceland},
	url = {https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/peaceland/FE7B8E75F7C88211999BF654BF968B1C},
	abstract = {This book suggests a new explanation for why international peace interventions often fail to reach their full potential. Based on several years of ethnographic research in conflict zones around the world, it demonstrates that everyday elements - such as the expatriates' social habits and usual approaches to understanding their areas of operation - strongly influence peacebuilding effectiveness. Individuals from all over the world and all walks of life share numerous practices, habits, and narratives when they serve as interveners in conflict zones. These common attitudes and actions enable foreign peacebuilders to function in the field, but they also result in unintended consequences that thwart international efforts. Certain expatriates follow alternative modes of thinking and acting, often with notable results, but they remain in the minority. Through an in-depth analysis of the interveners' everyday life and work, this book proposes innovative ways to better help host populations build a sustainable peace.},
	urldate = {2024-08-09},
	publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
	author = {Autesserre, Séverine},
	year = {2014},
	doi = {10.1017/CBO9781107280366},
}









@book{autesserre_trouble_2010,
	address = {Cambridge},
	series = {Cambridge {Studies} in {International} {Relations}},
	title = {The {Trouble} with the {Congo}: {Local} {Violence} and the {Failure} of {International} {Peacebuilding}},
	isbn = {978-0-521-19100-5},
	shorttitle = {The {Trouble} with the {Congo}},
	url = {https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/trouble-with-the-congo/7BB825CE2132698D505F0A11B04A01B5},
	abstract = {The Trouble with the Congo suggests a new explanation for international peacebuilding failures in civil wars. Drawing from more than 330 interviews and a year and a half of field research, it develops a case study of the international intervention during the Democratic Republic of the Congo's unsuccessful transition from war to peace and democracy (2003–6). Grassroots rivalries over land, resources, and political power motivated widespread violence. However, a dominant peacebuilding culture shaped the intervention strategy in a way that precluded action on local conflicts, ultimately dooming the international efforts to end the deadliest conflict since World War II. Most international actors interpreted continued fighting as the consequence of national and regional tensions alone. UN staff and diplomats viewed intervention at the macro levels as their only legitimate responsibility. The dominant culture constructed local peacebuilding as such an unimportant, unfamiliar, and unmanageable task that neither shocking events nor resistance from select individuals could convince international actors to reevaluate their understanding of violence and intervention.},
	urldate = {2024-08-09},
	publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
	author = {Autesserre, Séverine},
	year = {2010},
	doi = {10.1017/CBO9780511761034},
}





@article{autesserre_dangerous_2012,
	title = {Dangerous {Tales}: {Dominant} {Narratives} on the {Congo} and {Their} {Unintended} {Consequences}},
	volume = {111},
	issn = {0001-9909},
	shorttitle = {Dangerous {Tales}},
	url = {https://www.jstor.org/stable/41494485},
	abstract = {Explanations for the persistence of violence in the eastern part of the Democratic Republic of Congo blame the incendiary actions of domestic and regional leaders, as well as the inefficacy of international peacebuilding efforts. Based on several years of ethnographic research, this article adds another piece to the puzzle, emphasizing the perverse consequences of well-meaning international efforts. I argue that three narratives dominate the public discourse on Congo and eclipse the numerous alternative framings of the situation. These narratives focus on a primary cause of violence, illegal exploitation of mineral resources; a main consequence, sexual abuse of women and girls; and a central solution, extending state authority. I elucidate why simple narratives are necessary for policy makers, journalists, advocacy groups, and practitioners on the ground, especially those involved in the Congo. I then consider each narrative in turn and explain how they achieved prominence: they provided straightforward explanations for the violence, suggested feasible solutions to it, and resonated with foreign audiences. I demonstrate that the focus on these narratives and on the solutions they recommended has led to results that clash with their intended purposes, notably an increase in human rights violations.},
	number = {443},
	urldate = {2024-08-09},
	journal = {African Affairs},
	author = {Autesserre, Séverine},
	year = {2012},
	note = {Publisher: Oxford University Press},
	pages = {202--222},
}





@article{autesserre_hobbes_2009,
	title = {Hobbes and the {Congo}: {Frames}, {Local} {Violence}, and {International} {Intervention}},
	volume = {63},
	issn = {1531-5088, 0020-8183},
	shorttitle = {Hobbes and the {Congo}},
	url = {https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/international-organization/article/abs/hobbes-and-the-congo-frames-local-violence-and-international-intervention/79B009ABB525C6067F108BA036B2D831},
	doi = {10.1017/S0020818309090080},
	abstract = {Why do international peacebuilders fail to address the local causes of peace process failures? The existing explanations of peacebuilding failures, which focus on constraints and vested interests, do not explain the international neglect of local conflict. In this article, I show how discursive frames shape international intervention and preclude international action on local violence. Drawing on more than 330 interviews, multi-sited ethnography, and document analysis, I develop a case study of the Democratic Republic of Congo's transition from war to peace and democracy (2003–2006). I demonstrate that local agendas played a decisive role in sustaining local, national, and regional violence. However, a postconflict peacebuilding frame shaped the international understanding of violence and intervention in such a way that local conflict resolution appeared irrelevant and illegitimate. This frame included four key elements: international actors labeled the Congo a “postconflict” situation; they believed that violence there was innate and therefore acceptable even in peacetime; they conceptualized international intervention as exclusively concerned with the national and international realms; and they saw holding elections, as opposed to local conflict resolution, as a workable, appropriate, and effective tool for state- and peacebuilding. This frame authorized and justified specific practices and policies while precluding others, notably local conflict resolution, ultimately dooming the peacebuilding efforts. In conclusion, I contend that analyzing discursive frames is a fruitful approach to the puzzle of international peacebuilding failures beyond the Congo.},
	language = {en},
	number = {2},
	urldate = {2024-08-09},
	journal = {International Organization},
	author = {Autesserre, Séverine},
	month = apr,
	year = {2009},
	pages = {249--280},
}





@article{abramson_making_2017,
	title = {Making a homeland, constructing a diaspora: {The} case of {Taglit}-{Birthright} {Israel}},
	volume = {58},
	issn = {0962-6298},
	shorttitle = {Making a homeland, constructing a diaspora},
	url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0962629817300021},
	doi = {10.1016/j.polgeo.2017.01.002},
	abstract = {The study of diaspora policies in political science, international relations, and political geography has moved away from conceiving diasporas as bounded entities to conceptualizing diasporas as a process to be made. One body of literature maps different strategies employed to bond diasporas to their country of origin, while another body of literature pays specific attention to diasporic identities and the ways such identities are reproduced and constructed abroad. This article seeks to bring these two literatures together by focusing on homeland tourism as a diasporization strategy, i.e. the construction, reproduction, and transmission of diasporic identity. Through the case of Taglit-Birthright – a free educational trip to Israel offered to young Jewish adults – the article identifies the specific mechanisms and micro-practices used in order to transform Israeli territory into a Jewish homeland, reproduce the narrative of dispersion, and demarcate group boundaries. Incorporating insights from theories of territorialization and based on the program's educational platform and existing ethnographies of Taglit-Birthright, this article unpacks the notion of the homeland and demonstrates how the homeland itself – as an embodied, affective, and symbolic site – is strategically used in order to cultivate diasporic attachments.},
	urldate = {2024-08-09},
	journal = {Political Geography},
	author = {Abramson, Yehonatan},
	month = may,
	year = {2017},
	keywords = {Diaspora, Diaspora engagement, Diasporization, Embodied geography, Identity construction, Israel, Taglit-Birthright, Territorialization},
	pages = {14--23},
}





@book{pachirat_among_2017,
	address = {New York},
	title = {Among {Wolves}: {Ethnography} and the {Immersive} {Study} of {Power}},
	isbn = {978-0-203-70110-2},
	shorttitle = {Among {Wolves}},
	url = {https://www.routledge.com/Among-Wolves-Ethnography-and-the-Immersive-Study-of-Power/Pachirat/p/book/9780415528986},
	abstract = {Summoned by an anonymous Prosecutor, ten contemporary ethnographers gather in an aging barn to hold a trial of Alice Goffman’s controversial ethnography, On the},
	publisher = {Routledge},
	author = {Pachirat, Timothy},
	month = nov,
	year = {2017},
	doi = {10.4324/9780203701102},
}





@book{schwartz-shea_interpretive_2013,
	title = {Interpretive {Research} {Design}: {Concepts} and {Processes}},
	isbn = {978-1-136-99382-4},
	shorttitle = {Interpretive {Research} {Design}},
	url = {https://www.routledge.com/Interpretive-Research-Design-Concepts-and-Processes/Schwartz-Shea-Yanow/p/book/9780415878081},
	abstract = {Research design is fundamental to all scientific endeavors, at all levels and in all institutional settings. In many social science disciplines, however, scholars working in an interpretive-qualitative tradition get little guidance on this aspect of research from the positivist-centered training they receive. This book is an authoritative examination of the concepts and processes underlying the design of an interpretive research project. Such an approach to design starts with the recognition that researchers are inevitably embedded in the intersubjective social processes of the worlds they study.In focusing on researchers’ theoretical, ontological, epistemological, and methods choices in designing research projects, Schwartz-Shea and Yanow set the stage for other volumes in the Routledge Series on Interpretive Methods. They also engage some very practical issues, such as ethics reviews and the structure of research proposals. This concise guide explores where research questions come from, criteria for evaluating research designs, how interpretive researchers engage with "world-making," context, systematicity and flexibility, reflexivity and positionality, and such contemporary issues as data archiving and the researcher’s body in the field.},
	language = {en},
	publisher = {Routledge},
	author = {Schwartz-Shea, Peregrine and Yanow, Dvora},
	month = jun,
	year = {2013},
	note = {Google-Books-ID: QUopKZoq0GAC},
	keywords = {Business \& Economics / Economics / General, Business \& Economics / General, Political Science / General, Reference / Research, Social Science / Anthropology / General, Social Science / Research, Social Science / Sociology / General, Social Science / Sociology / Urban},
}





@book{schaffer_elucidating_2015,
	address = {New York},
	title = {Elucidating {Social} {Science} {Concepts}: {An} {Interpretivist} {Guide}},
	isbn = {978-0-203-81493-2},
	shorttitle = {Elucidating {Social} {Science} {Concepts}},
	url = {https://www.routledge.com/Elucidating-Social-Science-Concepts-An-Interpretivist-Guide/Schaffer/p/book/9780415893268},
	abstract = {Concepts have always been foundational to the social science enterprise. This book is a guide to working with them. Against the positivist project of concept},
	publisher = {Routledge},
	author = {Schaffer, Frederic Charles},
	month = aug,
	year = {2015},
	doi = {10.4324/9780203814932},
}





@book{bevir_interpretive_2019,
	address = {Oxford},
	edition = {Reprint edition},
	title = {Interpretive {Social} {Science}: {An} {Anti}-{Naturalist} {Approach}},
	isbn = {978-0-19-883295-9},
	shorttitle = {Interpretive {Social} {Science}},
	url = {https://academic.oup.com/book/11226},
	abstract = {In this book Mark Bevir and Jason Blakely set out to make the most comprehensive case yet for an 'interpretive' or hermeneutic approach to the social sciences. Interpretive approaches are a major growth area in the social sciences today. This is because they offer a full-blown alternative to the behavioralism, institutionalism, rational choice, and other quasi-scientific approaches that dominate the study of human behavior. In addition to presenting a systematic case for interpretivism and a critique of scientism, Bevir and Blakely also propose their own uniquely 'anti-naturalist 'notion of an interpretive approach. This anti-naturalist framework encompasses the insights of philosophers ranging from Michel Foucault and Hans-Georg Gadamer to Charles Taylor and Ludwig Wittgenstein, while also resolving dilemmas that have plagued rival philosophical defenses of interpretivism. In addition, working social scientists are given detailed discussions of a distinctly interpretive approach to methods and empirical research. The book draws on the latest social science to cover everything from concept formation and empirical inquiry to ethics, democratic theory, and public policy. An anti-naturalist approach to interpretive social science offers nothing short of a sweeping paradigm shift in the study of human beings and society. This book will be of interest to all who seek a humanistic alternative to the scientism that overwhelms the study of human beings today.},
	language = {English},
	publisher = {Oxford University Press},
	author = {Bevir, Mark and Blakely, Jason},
	month = feb,
	year = {2019},
}





@book{fujii_interviewing_2018,
	address = {New York, NY ; Abingdon, Oxon},
	series = {Routledge series on interpretive methods},
	title = {Interviewing in {Social} {Science} {Research}: a {Relational} {Approach}},
	isbn = {978-0-415-84372-0 978-0-415-84374-4},
	shorttitle = {Interviewing in social science research},
	url = {https://www.routledge.com/Interviewing-in-Social-Science-Research-A-Relational-Approach/Fujii/p/book/9780415843744},
	publisher = {Routledge},
	author = {Fujii, Lee Ann},
	year = {2018},
	keywords = {Interviewing, Interviewing in sociology},
}





@book{shenhav_analyzing_2015,
	address = {New York, NY},
	title = {Analyzing {Social} {Narratives}},
	isbn = {978-0-203-10908-3},
	abstract = {Interpreting human stories, whether those told by individuals, groups, organizations, nations, or even civilizations, opens a wide scope of research options for},
	publisher = {Routledge},
	author = {Shenhav, Shaul},
	month = may,
	year = {2015},
	doi = {10.4324/9780203109083},
}





@book{lynch_interpreting_2013,
	address = {New York},
	title = {Interpreting {International} {Politics}},
	isbn = {978-0-203-80108-6},
	url = {https://www.routledge.com/Interpreting-International-Politics/Lynch/p/book/9780415896917},
	abstract = {Interpreting International Politics addresses each of the major, "traditional" subfields in International Relations: International Law and Organization,},
	publisher = {Routledge},
	author = {Lynch, Cecelia},
	month = dec,
	year = {2013},
	doi = {10.4324/9780203801086},
}





@book{simmons_rethinking_2021,
	address = {Cambridge},
	title = {Rethinking {Comparison}: {Innovative} {Methods} for {Qualitative} {Political} {Inquiry}},
	isbn = {978-1-108-83279-3},
	shorttitle = {Rethinking {Comparison}},
	url = {https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/rethinking-comparison/7ACD40CFC796F9A00104A74E4FFE5756},
	abstract = {Qualitative comparative methods – and specifically controlled qualitative comparisons – are central to the study of politics. They are not the only kind of comparison, though, that can help us better understand political processes and outcomes. Yet there are few guides for how to conduct non-controlled comparative research. This volume brings together chapters from more than a dozen leading methods scholars from across the discipline of political science, including positivist and interpretivist scholars, qualitative methodologists, mixed-methods researchers, ethnographers, historians, and statisticians. Their work revolutionizes qualitative research design by diversifying the repertoire of comparative methods available to students of politics, offering readers clear suggestions for what kinds of comparisons might be possible, why they are useful, and how to execute them. By systematically thinking through how we engage in qualitative comparisons and the kinds of insights those comparisons produce, these collected essays create new possibilities to advance what we know about politics.},
	urldate = {2024-08-08},
	publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
	editor = {Simmons, Erica S. and Smith, Nicholas Rush},
	year = {2021},
	doi = {10.1017/9781108966009},
}





@book{yanow_how_1996,
	title = {How {Does} a {Policy} {Mean}?: {Interpreting} {Policy} and {Organizational} {Actions}},
	isbn = {978-0-87840-611-1},
	shorttitle = {How {Does} a {Policy} {Mean}?},
	url = {https://press.georgetown.edu/Book/How-Does-A-Policy-Mean},
	abstract = {"Contributes insightfully to our understanding of political language \& symbolism."-Murray Edelman, Professor Emeritus of Political Science, University of Wisconsin.},
	language = {en},
	publisher = {Georgetown University Press},
	author = {Yanow, Dvora},
	year = {1996},
	note = {Google-Books-ID: 9myoFm367GAC},
	keywords = {Business \& Economics / Organizational Behavior, Political Science / General, Political Science / History \& Theory, Political Science / Public Affairs \& Administration, Political Science / Public Policy / General, Social Science / Sociology / General},
}





@book{yanow_conducting_2000,
	address = {Newbury Park, CA},
	title = {Conducting {Interpretive} {Policy} {Analysis}},
	isbn = {978-1-4129-8374-7},
	url = {https://methods.sagepub.com/book/conducting-interpretive-policy-analysis},
	abstract = {{\textless}p{\textgreater}This book presents a much needed guide to interpretative techniques and methods for policy research. The author begins by describing what interpretative appr},
	language = {en},
	urldate = {2024-08-08},
	publisher = {SAGE Publications, Inc.},
	author = {Yanow, Dvora},
	year = {2000},
	doi = {10.4135/9781412983747},
}





@book{yanow_interpretation_2015,
	address = {New York},
	edition = {2},
	title = {Interpretation and {Method}: {Empirical} {Research} {Methods} and the {Interpretive} {Turn}},
	isbn = {978-1-315-70327-5},
	shorttitle = {Interpretation and {Method}},
	url = {https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/edit/10.4324/9781315703275/interpretation-method-dvora-yanow-peregrine-schwartz-shea},
	abstract = {Exceptionally clear and well-written chapters provide engaging discussions of the methods of accessing, generating, and analyzing social science data, using},
	publisher = {Routledge},
	author = {Yanow, Dvora and Schwartz-Shea, Peregrine},
	month = mar,
	year = {2015},
	doi = {10.4324/9781315703275},
}





@article{yanow_organizational_2012,
	title = {Organizational ethnography between toolbox and world‐making},
	volume = {1},
	issn = {2046-6749},
	url = {https://doi.org/10.1108/202466741211220633},
	doi = {10.1108/202466741211220633},
	abstract = {Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to take account of organizational ethnography in its historical and methodological context, on the occasion of the inauguration of the Journal of Organizational Ethnography. Design/methodology/approach – This essay brings together some current issues and concerns in one form of “marked” ethnography. Findings – This essay touches on the questions: what is organizational ethnography and why is it re‐emerging now?; and on related questions, on its way to engaging some of the key methodological issues in organizational ethnography that today merit attention. Originality/value – The paper may be of value to readers who are interested in the method and in one researcher's conceptual‐methodological take on it.},
	number = {1},
	urldate = {2024-08-09},
	journal = {Journal of Organizational Ethnography},
	author = {Yanow, Dvora},
	month = jan,
	year = {2012},
	note = {Publisher: Emerald Group Publishing Limited},
	keywords = {Ethnography, Marked ethnography, Organizational ethnography, Organizations},
	pages = {31--42},
}





@article{wedeen_reflections_2010,
	title = {Reflections on {Ethnographic} {Work} in {Political} {Science}},
	volume = {13},
	issn = {1094-2939, 1545-1577},
	url = {https://www.annualreviews.org/content/journals/10.1146/annurev.polisci.11.052706.123951},
	doi = {10.1146/annurev.polisci.11.052706.123951},
	abstract = {The objectivist truth claims traditionally pressed by most political scientists have made the use of ethnographic methods particularly fraught in the discipline. This article explores what ethnography as a method entails. It makes distinctions between positivist and interpretivist ethnographies and highlights some of the substantive contributions ethnography has made to the study of politics. Lamenting the discipline\&apos;s abandonment of a conversation with anthropology after Geertz, this review also insists on moving beyond the anthropological controversies so powerfully expressed in the edited volume Writing Culture (1986) and other texts of the 1980s and 1990s. I contend that interpretive social science does not have to forswear generalizations or causal explanations and that ethnographic methods can be used in the service of establishing them. Rather than fleeing from abstractions, ethnographies can and should help ground them.},
	language = {en},
	number = {Volume 13, 2010},
	urldate = {2024-08-08},
	journal = {Annual Review of Political Science},
	author = {Wedeen, Lisa},
	month = jun,
	year = {2010},
	note = {Publisher: Annual Reviews},
	pages = {255--272},
}





@article{wedeen_conceptualizing_2002,
	title = {Conceptualizing {Culture}: {Possibilities} for {Political} {Science}},
	volume = {96},
	issn = {1537-5943, 0003-0554},
	shorttitle = {Conceptualizing {Culture}},
	url = {https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/american-political-science-review/article/abs/conceptualizing-culture-possibilities-for-political-science/2F57165F4D176F48592D4DE8900EF5D3},
	doi = {10.1017/S0003055402000400},
	abstract = {This essay makes a case for an anthropological conceptualization of culture as “semiotic practices” and demonstrates how it adds value to political analyses. “Semiotic practices” refers to the processes of meaning-making in which agents' practices (e.g., their work habits, self-policing strategies, and leisure patterns) interact with their language and other symbolic systems. This version of culture can be employed on two levels. First, it refers to what symbols do—how symbols are inscribed in practices that operate to produce observable political effects. Second, “culture” is an abstract theoretical category, a lens that focuses on meaning, rather than on, say, prices or votes. By thinking of meaning construction in terms that emphasize intelligibility, as opposed to deep-seated psychological orientations, a practice-oriented approach avoids unacknowledged ambiguities that have bedeviled scholarly thinking and generated incommensurable understandings of what culture is. Through a brief exploration of two concerns central to political science—compliance and ethnic identity-formation—this paper ends by showing how culture as semiotic practices can be applied as a causal variable.},
	language = {en},
	number = {4},
	urldate = {2024-08-08},
	journal = {American Political Science Review},
	author = {Wedeen, Lisa},
	month = dec,
	year = {2002},
	pages = {713--728},
}





@article{vandamme_bringing_2021,
	title = {Bringing {Researchers} {Back} {In}: {Debating} the {Role} of {Interpretive} {Epistemology} in {Global} {IR}},
	volume = {23},
	issn = {1521-9488},
	shorttitle = {Bringing {Researchers} {Back} {In}},
	url = {https://doi.org/10.1093/isr/viaa099},
	doi = {10.1093/isr/viaa099},
	abstract = {The article discusses interpretive epistemology in international relations (IR) and its advantages to address the field's sociological composition, its scholars’ identity, and knowledge structuration. The research proposes to engage in sociological reflexivity on IR methods and the way in which knowledge accumulation and structuration are driven by canonical assumptions of what are considered “normal”/“good” scientific procedures. The central argument focuses on interpretive epistemological approaches as possible venues for research to participate in the collective effort to address, and redress, the imbalance between the sociology of the field and its knowledge production and structuration processes. By allowing dialogue around meanings and interpretation among increasingly diverse members, an interpretive stance on IR opens the floor to criticism and rival interpretations. More specifically, the paper presents the methodology of interpretive phenomenological analysis as a method which both emphasizes context and actor specificity with regard to the subject of study and fully acknowledges the researcher's identity and voice in scientific inquiry.},
	number = {2},
	urldate = {2024-08-09},
	journal = {International Studies Review},
	author = {Vandamme, Dorothée},
	month = jun,
	year = {2021},
	pages = {370--390},
}





@article{udani_praxis_2021,
	title = {The {Praxis} of {Partnership} in {Civically} {Engaged} {Research}},
	volume = {54},
	issn = {1049-0965, 1537-5935},
	url = {https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/ps-political-science-and-politics/article/abs/praxis-of-partnership-in-civically-engaged-research/28DA405655F49FE2A1A40BED4747D1F9},
	doi = {10.1017/S1049096521000809},
	abstract = {//static.cambridge.org/content/id/urn\%3Acambridge.org\%3Aid\%3Aarticle\%3AS1049096521000809/resource/name/firstPage-S1049096521000809a.jpg},
	language = {en},
	number = {4},
	urldate = {2024-08-09},
	journal = {PS: Political Science \& Politics},
	author = {Udani, Adriano and Dobbs, Kirstie Lynn},
	month = oct,
	year = {2021},
	pages = {725--729},
}





@article{thomson_reflexive_2021,
	title = {Reflexive {Openness} as {Collaborative} {Methodology}},
	volume = {54},
	issn = {1049-0965, 1537-5935},
	url = {https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/ps-political-science-and-politics/article/abs/reflexive-openness-as-collaborative-methodology/D9B32C451DC493F5F697E25D87C21955},
	doi = {10.1017/S1049096521000159},
	abstract = {//static.cambridge.org/content/id/urn\%3Acambridge.org\%3Aid\%3Aarticle\%3AS1049096521000159/resource/name/firstPage-S1049096521000159a.jpg},
	language = {en},
	number = {3},
	urldate = {2024-08-09},
	journal = {PS: Political Science \& Politics},
	author = {Thomson, Susan},
	month = jul,
	year = {2021},
	pages = {530--534},
}





@article{thaler_reflexivity_2021,
	title = {Reflexivity and {Temporality} in {Researching} {Violent} {Settings}: {Problems} with the {Replicability} and {Transparency} {Regime}},
	volume = {26},
	issn = {1465-0045},
	shorttitle = {Reflexivity and {Temporality} in {Researching} {Violent} {Settings}},
	url = {https://doi.org/10.1080/14650045.2019.1643721},
	doi = {10.1080/14650045.2019.1643721},
	abstract = {Researchers studying conflict, violence, and human rights in dangerous settings across the globe face a complex set of ethical, personal, and professional dilemmas. Especially in more positivist fields and professions, there is pressure to conduct and present research as ‘objective’. Yet the reality of field research in violent and conflict-affected settings is much messier than ideals in methodology textbooks or the polished presentation of field data in much published work. I argue that rather than the imposition of blanket positivist standards of replicability and research transparency, research in violent settings needs to draw lessons from interpretivist ideas and methodologies about the researcher’s role in the process of data gathering, analysis, and presentation. I focus on three key issues: reflexivity, temporality, and the geography of research between ‘field’ and ‘home,’ drawing on personal experiences conducting research on conflict, violence, and postconflict society in Liberia, Nicaragua, South Africa, and Uganda. I show how these three issues practically, theoretically, and ethically conflict with replicability and transparency demands. Through a practice of reflexive openness, however, positivist-leaning researchers can more honestly and ethically reconcile realities of research with professional expectations in the field and after returning.},
	number = {1},
	urldate = {2024-08-09},
	journal = {Geopolitics},
	author = {Thaler, Kai M.},
	month = jan,
	year = {2021},
	note = {Publisher: Routledge
\_eprint: https://doi.org/10.1080/14650045.2019.1643721},
	pages = {18--44},
}





@book{steele_tactical_2019,
	address = {New York, N.Y},
	edition = {1},
	title = {Tactical {Constructivism}, {Method}, and {International} {Relations}},
	isbn = {978-1-315-10903-9},
	url = {https://www.routledge.com/Tactical-Constructivism-Method-and-International-Relations/Steele-Gould-Kessler/p/book/9781032240817},
	abstract = {"This volume draws together accessible and sharp essays from established and rising stars in the fieldreflecting upon their use of methods, and how those methods relate to their training within, or familiarity with, Constructivism in International Relations. Contributors express the role of interpretive methods in their own work and what this might say about todays uses of Constructivism. How might a consistent Constructivism influence the practice and development of methods? Further, what are methods, and might they be considered as tactics towards further ends or strategies, or the ends of theorizing itself? Gathering a variety of voices that approach interpretive methods in diverse ways, Tactical Constructivism includes a vibrant cross-section of contributors, who express how their interpretive methods have been conditioned generationally, spatially (both within and outside of the US academy), and topically. This excitingvolume concludes with a dialogue roundtable between constructivist scholars Patrick Jackson, Cecelia Lynch, and Nicholas Onuf, andwill be ofinterest not only to studentsofmethods and theory in international relations and global politics, but also more established scholars."--Provided by publisher.},
	language = {en},
	publisher = {Routledge},
	editor = {Steele, Brent J. and Gould, Harry D. and Kessler, Oliver},
	year = {2019},
	note = {Google-Books-ID: eziJxgEACAAJ},
	keywords = {Political Science / General, Political Science / Globalization, Political Science / International Relations / General, Political Science / Reference, Social Science / Research},
}





@article{soedirgo_toward_2020,
	title = {Toward {Active} {Reflexivity}: {Positionality} and {Practice} in the {Production} of {Knowledge}},
	volume = {53},
	issn = {1049-0965, 1537-5935},
	shorttitle = {Toward {Active} {Reflexivity}},
	url = {https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/ps-political-science-and-politics/article/toward-active-reflexivity-positionality-and-practice-in-the-production-of-knowledge/ED2DD00CC7C9F7AE55A0BA3139462AFB},
	doi = {10.1017/S1049096519002233},
	abstract = {How should scholars recognize and respond to the complexities of positionality during the research process? Although there has been much theorizing on the intersectional and context-dependent nature of positionality, there remains a disjuncture between how positionality is understood theoretically and how it is applied. Ignoring the dynamism of positionality in practice has implications for the research process. This article theorizes one means of recognizing and responding to positionality in practice: a posture of “active reflexivity.” It outlines how we can become actively reflexive by adopting a disposition toward both ongoing reflection about our own social location and ongoing reflection on our assumptions regarding others’ perceptions. We then articulate four strategies for doing active reflexivity: recording assumptions around positionality; routinizing and systemizing reflexivity; bringing other actors into the process; and “showing our work” in the publication process.},
	language = {en},
	number = {3},
	urldate = {2024-08-09},
	journal = {PS: Political Science \& Politics},
	author = {Soedirgo, Jessica and Glas, Aarie},
	month = jul,
	year = {2020},
	pages = {527--531},
}





@article{simmons_case_2019,
	title = {The {Case} for {Comparative} {Ethnography}},
	volume = {51},
	issn = {0010-4159},
	url = {https://www.jstor.org/stable/26663934},
	abstract = {To what extent can comparative methods and ethnographic inquiry combine to advance knowledge in political science? Ethnography is becoming an increasingly popular method within political science. Yet both proponents and detractors often see it as a technique best suited for producing in-depth knowledge about a particular case or for explicating the meaning of a particular political behavior. This article argues that comparative ethnography—ethnographic research that explicitly and intentionally builds an argument through the analysis of two or more cases—can be of particular value to political scientists, and to scholars of comparative politics in particular. The approach can hone our theoretical models, challenge existing conceptual categories, and help develop portable political insights. This article has two goals: (1) to show that comparative ethnographic research deserves a prominent place in the repertoire of qualitative methods and (2) to elaborate the logics of inquiry behind such comparisons so that scholars will be better equipped to use them more frequently. Two or more cases are not always better than one, but comparative ethnography can yield new and different insights with important implications for our understandings of politics.},
	number = {3},
	urldate = {2024-08-09},
	journal = {Comparative Politics},
	author = {Simmons, Erica S. and Smith, Nicholas Rush},
	year = {2019},
	note = {Publisher: Comparative Politics, Ph.D. Programs in Political Science, City University of New York},
	pages = {341--359},
}





@article{schwartz-shea_legitimizing_2016,
	title = {Legitimizing {Political} {Science} or {Splitting} the {Discipline}? {Reflections} on {DA}-{RT} and the {Policy}-making {Role} of a {Professional} {Association}},
	volume = {12},
	issn = {1743-923X, 1743-9248},
	shorttitle = {Legitimizing {Political} {Science} or {Splitting} the {Discipline}?},
	url = {https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/politics-and-gender/article/abs/legitimizing-political-science-or-splitting-the-discipline-reflections-on-dart-and-the-policymaking-role-of-a-professional-association/A17256D5613DC36ACDD21127FF2B7287},
	doi = {10.1017/S1743923X16000428},
	abstract = {We have been invited by Politics \& Gender's editors to review the origins and current standing of the Data Access and Research Transparency (DA-RT) policy, an effort initiated by the eponymous American Political Science Association (APSA) Ad Hoc Committee and led primarily by Colin Elman, Diana Kapiszewski, and Arthur (“Skip”) Lupia. We have not been bystanders in this unfolding history, and in keeping with feminist and interpretive epistemologies that inform our work and that tie positionality to knowledge claims (e.g., Haraway 1988), we include mention of our own involvement (see Mala Htun's 2016 parallel account of her activities). Herein lies one of our main points in assessing DA-RT: from the perspective of interpretive, feminist, and some other qualitative methods, transparency as an epistemological mandate is not new. On the contrary, it is widely accepted, and expected, within certain epistemic communities (noted also in Yanow and Schwartz-Shea 2014); it needs no set of new rules imposed from above, by journal editors and others, for its instantiation. Our assessment includes questions about the relationship between APSA and DA-RT, as the association's support has colored DA-RT's reception. Part of what we seek to account for is resistance on the part of political scientists of various sorts—and not only those in the interpretive community, which we know best—to the DA-RT initiative and even to the participatory Qualitative Transparency Deliberations (QTD) process designed by Alan Jacobs and Tim Büthe (2015) at the invitation of the APSA organized section Qualitative and Multi-Method Research (QMMR; see, e.g., Isaac 2016). Even as we see changes in representations of DA-RT in response to critiques, we are concerned that those questioning the substance of DA-RT and the process of its adoption by APSA (in the Ethics Guidelines) and various journals are being represented by its architects as “either not paying attention to what we have been doing or [as] purposely misrepresenting the project,” including presenting “conspiracy theories, enemy narratives, and speculation about others' motives” (Elman and Lupia, 2106, 45, 50). These very words speak to DA-RT's potential to marginalize dissenters and even split the discipline. How has U.S. political science arrived at this pass?},
	language = {en},
	number = {3},
	urldate = {2024-08-09},
	journal = {Politics \& Gender},
	author = {Schwartz-Shea, Peregrine and Yanow, Dvora},
	month = sep,
	year = {2016},
	pages = {E11, 1--9},
}





@article{schwartz-shea_under_2021,
	title = {Under {Threat}? {Methodological} {Pluralism} in {Public} {Administration}},
	volume = {44},
	issn = {1530-9576},
	shorttitle = {Under {Threat}?},
	url = {https://doi.org/10.1080/15309576.2019.1694547},
	doi = {10.1080/15309576.2019.1694547},
	abstract = {A consensus appears to be emerging on the desirability of methodological pluralism in public administration research. Scholars as diverse as Riccucci and Meier see it as inevitable in a multidisciplinary, practice-oriented field, and both endorse it as key to advancing theory. Yet it is not always clear what is meant by “methodological pluralism” nor how it is related to scientific progress. I argue that Dryzek’s conceptualization of progress as “lateral” is supportive of a robust methodological pluralism. Then, I analyze three threats to methodological pluralism in public administration: prior ethics review, transparency movements, and the metric mania characteristic of corporatized universities. I conclude that some methodologies and methods, primarily those that are positivist and quantitative, are advantaged over others, which are interpretivist and qualitative. To protect methodological pluralism, the tolerance that Dryzek recommends needs to be extended to structural changes, e.g., requiring a qualitative-interpretive methods course in doctoral programs. More broadly, scholarly autonomy to design and conduct research is increasingly being curtailed by these intertwined threats. Collective action is needed to reverse this worrisome trend. Autonomy for individuals and epistemic communities nourishes the pluralism in research approaches which is essential for understanding and responding to an uncertain, possibly turbulent future.},
	number = {5},
	urldate = {2024-08-09},
	journal = {Public Performance \& Management Review},
	author = {Schwartz-Shea, Peregrine},
	month = sep,
	year = {2021},
	note = {Publisher: Routledge
\_eprint: https://doi.org/10.1080/15309576.2019.1694547},
	keywords = {higher education metrics, lateral progress, methodological pluralism, scholarly autonomy, transparency},
	pages = {975--1005},
}





@article{schwartz-shea_scholarly_2019,
	title = {Scholarly {Reflexivity}, {Methodological} {Practice}, and {Bevir} and {Blakely}'s {Anti}-{Naturalism}},
	volume = {31},
	issn = {0891-3811},
	url = {https://doi.org/10.1080/08913811.2019.1708563},
	doi = {10.1080/08913811.2019.1708563},
	abstract = {Interpretive social science consists of researchers’ interpretations of actors’ interpretations. Bevir and Blakely’s anti-naturalist approach truncates this double hermeneutic, neglecting how researcher identity affects knowledge-making. Moreover, by disappearing methodology and treating methods as neutral tools, the authors miss the significance of methodological practice. In their treatment, an anti-naturalist philosophy is sufficient to produce high-quality interpretive research, even when the methods used are those of large-N statistics or other variables-based approaches. Unfortunately, then, the book is unlikely to create more space for research alternatives to the naturalism that the authors seek to unseat.},
	number = {3-4},
	urldate = {2024-08-09},
	journal = {Critical Review},
	author = {Schwartz-Shea, Peregrine},
	month = oct,
	year = {2019},
	note = {Publisher: Routledge
\_eprint: https://doi.org/10.1080/08913811.2019.1708563},
	keywords = {Jason Blakely, Mark Bevir, anti-naturalism, interpretivism, methodology, methods},
	pages = {462--480},
}





@book{schatz_political_2009,
	address = {Chicago, IL},
	title = {Political {Ethnography}: {What} {Immersion} {Contributes} to the {Study} of {Power}},
	isbn = {978-0-226-73677-8},
	shorttitle = {Political {Ethnography}},
	url = {https://press.uchicago.edu/ucp/books/book/chicago/P/bo7995019.html},
	abstract = {Scholars of politics have sought in recent years to make the discipline more hospitable to qualitative methods of research. Lauding the results of this effort and highlighting its potential for the future, Political Ethnography makes a compelling case for one such method in particular. Ethnography, the contributors amply demonstrate in a wide range of original essays, is uniquely suited for illuminating the study of politics. Situating these pieces within the context of developments in political science, Edward Schatz provides an overarching introduction and substantive prefaces to each of the volume’s four sections. The first of these parts addresses the central ontological and epistemological issues raised by ethnographic work, while the second grapples with the reality that all research is conducted from a first-person perspective. The third section goes on to explore how ethnographic research can provide fresh perspectives on such perennial topics as opinion, causality, and power. Concluding that political ethnography can and should play a central role in the field as a whole, the final chapters illuminate the many ways in which ethnographic approaches can enhance, improve, and, in some areas, transform the study of politics.},
	language = {en},
	urldate = {2024-08-09},
	publisher = {University of Chicago Press},
	editor = {Schatz, Edward},
	month = oct,
	year = {2009},
	keywords = {analysis, anthropologists, anthropology, approach, behavior, causality, criticism, cultural studies, culture, epistemology, ethnographical, ethnography, fieldwork, first person experience, inquiry, interpretation, observation, ontology, opinion, participant, participation, perspective, point of view, political science, politics, power, research, scholarship, social situations},
}





@incollection{scauso_interpretivism_2020,
	address = {Oxford, UK},
	title = {Interpretivism: {Definitions}, {Trends}, and {Emerging} {Paths}},
	isbn = {978-0-19-084662-6},
	shorttitle = {Interpretivism},
	url = {https://oxfordre.com/internationalstudies/display/10.1093/acrefore/9780190846626.001.0001/acrefore-9780190846626-e-522},
	abstract = {"Interpretivism: Definitions, Trends, and Emerging
            Paths" published on  by Oxford University Press.},
	language = {en},
	urldate = {2024-08-09},
	booktitle = {Oxford {Research} {Encyclopedia} of {International} {Studies}},
	publisher = {Oxford University Press},
	author = {Scauso, Marcos S.},
	editor = {Sandal, Nukhet A.},
	month = feb,
	year = {2020},
	doi = {10.1093/acrefore/9780190846626.013.522},
}





@book{salter_research_2023,
	address = {London},
	edition = {2},
	title = {Research {Methods} in {Critical} {Security} {Studies}: {An} {Introduction}},
	isbn = {978-1-00-310801-6},
	shorttitle = {Research {Methods} in {Critical} {Security} {Studies}},
	url = {https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003108016},
	abstract = {This textbook surveys new and emergent methods for doing research in critical security studies, filling a gap in the literature. The second edition has been},
	publisher = {Routledge},
	editor = {Salter, Mark B. and Mutlu, Can E. and Frowd, Philippe M.},
	month = may,
	year = {2023},
	doi = {10.4324/9781003108016},
}





@article{rhodes_genre_2014,
	title = {‘{Genre} {Blurring}’ and {Public} {Administration}: {What} {Can} {We} {Learn} from {Ethnography}?},
	volume = {73},
	copyright = {© 2014 National Council of the Institute of Public Administration Australia},
	issn = {1467-8500},
	shorttitle = {‘{Genre} {Blurring}’ and {Public} {Administration}},
	url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/1467-8500.12085},
	doi = {10.1111/1467-8500.12085},
	abstract = {This article seeks to broaden the craft of public administration by ‘blurring genres’. First, I explain the phrase ‘blurring genres’. Second, I provide some examples of early work in administrative ethnography. Third, I compare this early, modernist-empiricist ethnography with interpretive ethnography, suggesting researchers confront three choices: naturalism vs. anti-naturalism; intensive vs. hit-and-run fieldwork; and generalisation vs. local knowledge. After this general discussion, and fourth, I discuss the more prosaic issues that confront anyone seeking to use ethnography to study public administration and look at fieldwork roles, relevance, time, evidence and fieldwork relationships. Fifth, I describe and illustrate the several tools students of public administration can use as well as observation and interviews; namely, focus groups, para-ethnography, visual ethnography, and storytelling. Finally, I conclude that ethnographic fieldwork provides texture, depth and nuance, and lets interviewees explain the meaning of their actions. It is an indispensable tool and a graphic example of how to enrich public administration by drawing on the theories and methods of the humanities.},
	language = {en},
	number = {3},
	urldate = {2024-08-09},
	journal = {Australian Journal of Public Administration},
	author = {Rhodes, R. a. W.},
	year = {2014},
	note = {\_eprint: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/1467-8500.12085},
	keywords = {craft, ethnography, fieldwork, interpretive theory, storytelling},
	pages = {317--330},
}





@incollection{nielsen_3_2020,
	address = {New York, NY},
	title = {3. {Recite}! {Interpretive} {Fieldwork} for {Positivists}.},
	copyright = {De Gruyter expressly reserves the right to use all content for commercial text and data mining within the meaning of Section 44b of the German Copyright Act.},
	isbn = {978-0-231-55010-9},
	url = {https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.7312/krau19300-005/html?lang=en},
	language = {en},
	urldate = {2024-08-09},
	booktitle = {Stories from the {Field}: {A} {Guide} to {Navigating} {Fieldwork} in {Political} {Science}},
	publisher = {Columbia University Press},
	author = {Nielsen, Richard A.},
	editor = {Krause, Peter and Szekely, Ora},
	month = aug,
	year = {2020},
	doi = {10.7312/krau19300-005},
	pages = {36--46},
}





@article{lynch_reflexivity_2008,
	title = {Reflexivity in {Research} on {Civil} {Society}: {Constructivist} {Perspectives}},
	volume = {10},
	issn = {1521-9488},
	shorttitle = {Reflexivity in {Research} on {Civil} {Society}},
	url = {https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2486.2008.00827.x},
	doi = {10.1111/j.1468-2486.2008.00827.x},
	abstract = {This article explores the ethical relationship between researcher and research subject. In order to address these issues, it examines what reflexivity entails in constructivist research on civil society actors, then discusses briefly how it can differ from highlighting the ethical dimensions of research within other paradigms like realism, liberalism, and feminism. The article also analyzes the types of ethical issues confronted by constructivists, and drawing from the practices of anthropologists, political scientists, and the author's own experiences interviewing religious humanitarian activists, assesses the tasks at hand for constructivists who are serious about understanding the ethical dimensions of their work.},
	number = {4},
	urldate = {2024-08-09},
	journal = {International Studies Review},
	author = {Lynch, Cecelia},
	month = dec,
	year = {2008},
	pages = {708--721},
}





@article{longo_political_2019,
	title = {Political {Theory} in an {Ethnographic} {Key}},
	volume = {113},
	issn = {0003-0554, 1537-5943},
	url = {https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/american-political-science-review/article/political-theory-in-an-ethnographic-key/08F0BD9CB6E8F7EB05A1A2039BB5A050},
	doi = {10.1017/S0003055419000431},
	abstract = {Should political theorists engage in ethnography? In this letter, we assess a recent wave of interest in ethnography among political theorists and explain why it is a good thing. We focus, in particular, on how ethnographic research generates what Ian Shapiro calls “problematizing redescriptions”—accounts of political phenomena that destabilize the lens through which we traditionally study them, engendering novel questions and exposing new avenues of moral concern. We argue that (1) by revealing new levels of variation and contingency within familiar political phenomena, ethnography can uncover topics ripe for normative inquiry; (2) by shedding light on what meanings people associate with political values, it can advance our reflection on concepts; and (3) by capturing the experience of individuals at grips with the social world, it can attune us to forms of harm that would otherwise remain hidden. The purchase for political theory is considerable. By thickening our understanding of institutions, ethnography serves as an antidote to analytic specialization and broadens the range of questions political theorists can ask, reinvigorating debates in the subfield and forging connections with the discipline writ large.},
	language = {en},
	number = {4},
	urldate = {2024-08-09},
	journal = {American Political Science Review},
	author = {Longo, Matthew and Zacka, Bernardo},
	month = nov,
	year = {2019},
	pages = {1066--1070},
}





@article{kurowska_interpretive_2020,
	title = {Interpretive {Scholarship} in {Contemporary} {International} {Relations}},
	issn = {2543-7046, 2544-0845},
	url = {https://www.ceeol.com/search/article-detail?id=896477},
	abstract = {Interpretive International Relations (IR) has become a robust and diverse research programme, consolidating across various subfields of the discipline. However, this is a recent phenomenon. While early classical realists and English School scholars clearly drew on interpretive thought, these contributions did not coalesce into a well defined and specifically interpretive research agenda. The ‘interpretive turn’ in social sciences and humanities in the 1970s and epistemological pluralisation of political science and IR in the 1990s slowly made space for interpretive theory and research. This paper reconstructs, first, what makes interpretive IR distinct, and, second, what it means to engage in interpretive inquiry in this field, conceptually and substantively. It discusses in particular the implications of the monist ontological position that interpretivists tend to occupy and the conditions of knowledge production within the hermeneutical circle. These reject the possibility of transcending the context and bring to bear the researcher’s involvement in knowledge production as inevitable but generative. The paper also explicates the still poorly understood concept of ‘intersubjectivity’ as being defining for the interpretivist sensibility and one which directly contests positivist ideals. Interpretive IR scholarship serves as a veritable showcase for interpretive research practice, and points to the growing significance and volume of such scholarship.},
	language = {English},
	number = {4},
	urldate = {2024-08-09},
	journal = {Teoria Polityki},
	author = {Kurowska, Xymena},
	year = {2020},
	note = {Publisher: Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego},
	keywords = {International Relations, contextualism, interpretivism, intersubjectivity, reflexive methodology},
	pages = {93--107},
}





@incollection{kurowska_interpretive_2020,
	title = {Interpretive {Approaches} in {Political} {Science} and {International} {Relations}},
	isbn = {978-1-5264-5993-0},
	booktitle = {The {SAGE} {Handbook} of {Research} {Methods} in {Political} {Science} and {International} {Relations}},
	publisher = {SAGE Publishing},
	author = {Kurowska, Xymena and Bliesemann de Guevara, Berit},
	editor = {Curini, Luigi and Franzese, Robert J., Jr.},
	month = may,
	year = {2020},
	doi = {10.4135/9781526486387.n66},
	pages = {1211--1240},
}





@article{kurowska_interpreting_2020,
	title = {Interpreting the {Uninterpretable}: {The} {Ethics} of {Opaqueness} as an {Approach} to {Moments} of {Inscrutability} in {Fieldwork}},
	volume = {14},
	issn = {1749-5679},
	shorttitle = {Interpreting the {Uninterpretable}},
	url = {https://doi.org/10.1093/ips/olaa011},
	doi = {10.1093/ips/olaa011},
	abstract = {This paper develops what I call “the ethics of opaqueness” as a response to conceptual impasses concerning the uninterpretability of intersubjective knowledge production in narrative practice. The ethics of opaqueness sees the other as inscrutable and radically heterogenous, and confronts interpretations of the other by the self as suspicious projections. Thus, such an ethics addresses the self, not the other, as the object of the “hermeneutics of suspicion.” In order to conceptualize the ethics of opaqueness, I look to relational psychoanalysis, which understands the unconscious as being inherently intersubjective. This results in a reformulation of the process of recognition, and deeper acknowledgment of countertransference—that is, the partly unconscious conflicts activated in the researcher through the research encounter, which may lead to imposing meaning on the other. The apparatus of relational psychoanalysis concretizes the limits of knowing either the other or the self and supplies a vocabulary to crystallize the double quality of “uninterpretable moments” in narrative practice. They may trigger an imposition of a frame and therefore an interpretive closure; however, they also supply a potentially transformative space for the contentious co-construction of meaning, often in the form of metaphors, which subverts any claim to interpretive mastery.},
	number = {4},
	urldate = {2024-08-09},
	journal = {International Political Sociology},
	author = {Kurowska, Xymena},
	month = nov,
	year = {2020},
	pages = {431--446},
}





@article{kulakowska_interpretive_2020,
	title = {Interpretive {Theories} in {Political} {Science}},
	issn = {2543-7046, 2544-0845},
	url = {https://www.ceeol.com/search/article-detail?id=896419},
	doi = {https://doi.org/10.4467/25440845TP.19.014.11780},
	abstract = {The aim of the paper is to present the premises of the interpretative approach, with its internal diversity and methodological implications. While the first part of the paper discusses possible meanings connected with the concept of an interpretive approach, the second focuses on methodological implications and choices inspired by interpretivism.},
	language = {English},
	number = {4},
	urldate = {2024-08-09},
	journal = {Teoria Polityki},
	author = {Kułakowska, Małgorzata},
	year = {2020},
	note = {Publisher: Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego},
	keywords = {interpretivism, meaning analysis, methodology, qualitative-interpretive methods, research design},
	pages = {31--41},
}





@article{koon_framing_2016,
	title = {Framing and the health policy process: a scoping review},
	volume = {31},
	issn = {1460-2237},
	shorttitle = {Framing and the health policy process},
	url = {https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26873903/},
	doi = {10.1093/heapol/czv128},
	abstract = {Framing research seeks to understand the forces that shape human behaviour in the policy process. It assumes that policy is a social construct and can be cast in a variety of ways to imply multiple legitimate value considerations. Frames provide the cognitive means of making sense of the social world, but discordance among them forms the basis of policy contestation. Framing, as both theory and method, has proven to generate considerable insight into the nature of policy debates in a variety of disciplines. Despite its salience for understanding health policy debates; however, little is known about the ways frames influence the health policy process. A scoping review using the Arksey and O'Malley framework was conducted. The literature on framing in the health sector was reviewed using nine health and social science databases. Articles were included that explicitly reported theory and methods used, data source(s), at least one frame, frame sponsor and evidence of a given frame's effect on the health policy process. A total of 52 articles, from 1996 to 2014, and representing 12 countries, were identified. Much of the research came from the policy studies/political science literature (n = 17) and used a constructivist epistemology. The term 'frame' was used as a label to describe a variety of ideas, packaged as values, social problems, metaphors or arguments. Frames were characterized at various levels of abstraction ranging from general ideological orientations to specific policy positions. Most articles presented multiple frames and showed how actors advocated for them in a highly contested political process. Framing is increasingly an important, yet overlooked aspect of the policy process. Further analysis on frames, framing processes and frame conflict can help researchers and policymakers to understand opaque and highly charged policy issues, which may facilitate the resolution of protracted policy controversies.},
	language = {eng},
	number = {6},
	journal = {Health Policy and Planning},
	author = {Koon, Adam D. and Hawkins, Benjamin and Mayhew, Susannah H.},
	month = jul,
	year = {2016},
	pmid = {26873903},
	pmcid = {PMC4916318},
	keywords = {Frames, Health Policy, Humans, Policy Making, Politics, Research, Systems Theory, health policy, ideas, policy process, scoping review},
	pages = {801--816},
}





@article{jones_narrative_2015,
	title = {The {Narrative} {Policy} {Framework}: child or monster?},
	volume = {9},
	issn = {1946-0171},
	shorttitle = {The {Narrative} {Policy} {Framework}},
	url = {https://doi.org/10.1080/19460171.2015.1053959},
	doi = {10.1080/19460171.2015.1053959},
	abstract = {Recent critiques of the Narrative Policy Framework (NPF) have described the framework as a hybrid – and perhaps contradictory – platform using postpositivist theory in the service of positivistic methods. While the NPF has done much to advance what one might term its positivist hypotheses-testing orientation, the ongoing relationship between the NPF and its postpositive, interpretative foundation is – to date – unclear. This article explores the relationship between the NPF and interpretivism. In our exploration, we detail NPF dimensions of ontology, epistemology, socio-theoretic choice, disciplinary boundaries, generalizing versus particularizing styles and normativity, as these dimensions relate to interpretivism. We find the NPF and interpretivism to be quite compatible along our analyzed dimensions – albeit with major epistemological differences. We conclude with a discussion outlining what the NPF has to offer interpretivism and what interpretivism has to offer the NPF.},
	number = {3},
	urldate = {2024-08-09},
	journal = {Critical Policy Studies},
	author = {Jones, Michael D. and Radaelli, Claudio M.},
	month = jul,
	year = {2015},
	note = {Publisher: Routledge
\_eprint: https://doi.org/10.1080/19460171.2015.1053959},
	keywords = {Narrative Policy Framework, interpretivism, metatheory, narrative inquiry},
	pages = {339--355},
}





@book{jackson_conduct_2010,
	address = {London, UK},
	title = {The {Conduct} of {Inquiry} in {International} {Relations}: {Philosophy} of {Science} and {Its} {Implications} for the {Study} of {World} {Politics}},
	isbn = {978-0-203-84332-1},
	shorttitle = {The {Conduct} of {Inquiry} in {International} {Relations}},
	url = {https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203843321},
	abstract = {This volume ws the winner of The International Studies Association Theory Section Book Award 2013, presented by the International Studies Association},
	publisher = {Routledge},
	author = {Jackson, Patrick Thaddeus},
	month = jul,
	year = {2010},
	doi = {10.4324/9780203843321},
}





@incollection{hopf_limits_2007,
	address = {New York, NY},
	title = {The {Limits} of {Interpreting} {Evidence}},
	isbn = {978-0-230-60750-7},
	url = {https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230607507_3},
	abstract = {Mainstream political science and interpretivism have little to do with each other, intellectually and professionally speaking. It is thought that the concern of the mainstream for causal inferences from a large sample of a representative population in order to assess the comparative merits of hypotheses deduced from competitive theories has no room for the interpretivist concern with the ethnographic and discursive recovery of intersubjective realities. One could ask, what would have happened in a conversation about political science at a cocktail party between Clifford Geertz, Pierre Bourdieu, and Michel Foucault and Robert Keohane, Gary King, and Sidney Verba? Mutual incomprehension, at best? Or a retreat to a more innocuous topic, at worst?},
	language = {en},
	urldate = {2024-08-09},
	booktitle = {Theory and {Evidence} in {Comparative} {Politics} and {International} {Relations}},
	publisher = {Palgrave Macmillan US},
	author = {Hopf, Ted},
	editor = {Lebow, Richard Ned and Lichbach, Mark Irving},
	year = {2007},
	doi = {10.1057/9780230607507_3},
	pages = {55--84},
}





@article{hofius_towards_2020,
	title = {Towards a ‘theory of the gap’: {Addressing} the relationship between practice and theory},
	volume = {9},
	issn = {2045-3817, 2045-3825},
	shorttitle = {Towards a ‘theory of the gap’},
	url = {https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/global-constitutionalism/article/towards-a-theory-of-the-gap-addressing-the-relationship-between-practice-and-theory/5FCF0122F9D72E000E5CB7256FE930EB},
	doi = {10.1017/S2045381719000431},
	abstract = {In their ground-breaking philosophical investigation of the ‘practice turn’ Lechner and Frost prompt a standpoint debate in international relations theory, which touches upon the relationship between practice theory and its subject matter. Lechner and Frost decidedly opt for an internal standpoint, which promises to understand a social practice in terms of the meaning-in-use of its participants. This article argues that the internalist promise will ultimately remain unfulfilled, however, for the aim of collapsing the distinction between the ‘language of action’ and ‘language of observation’ is epistemologically impossible. Taking such an ‘internal’ perspective not only underestimates the problem of the double hermeneutic. It also disregards the gap between theory and practice. Any social enquiry that fails to acknowledge this gap inevitably becomes externalist, for it misses to reflect on its own normative presuppositions. The way ahead is to address this gap reflexively by way of a triple hermeneutics that is bolstered by abductive reasoning.},
	language = {en},
	number = {1},
	urldate = {2024-08-09},
	journal = {Global Constitutionalism},
	author = {Hofius, Maren},
	month = mar,
	year = {2020},
	keywords = {abduction, externalism, internalism, practice turn, triple hermeneutics},
	pages = {169--182},
}





@article{herzog_fieldwork_2019,
	title = {Fieldwork in {Political} {Theory}: {Five} {Arguments} for an {Ethnographic} {Sensibility}},
	volume = {49},
	issn = {0007-1234, 1469-2112},
	shorttitle = {Fieldwork in {Political} {Theory}},
	url = {https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/british-journal-of-political-science/article/abs/fieldwork-in-political-theory-five-arguments-for-an-ethnographic-sensibility/D2DA8FE608870A8F7F67A3387304FD40},
	doi = {10.1017/S0007123416000703},
	abstract = {This article makes a positive case for an ethnographic sensibility in political theory. Drawing on published ethnographies and original fieldwork, it argues that an ethnographic sensibility can contribute to normative reflection in five distinct ways. It can help uncover the nature of situated normative demands (epistemic argument); diagnose obstacles encountered when responding to these demands (diagnostic argument); evaluate practices and institutions against a given set of values (evaluative argument); probe, question and refine our understanding of values (valuational argument); and uncover underlying social ontologies (ontological argument). The contribution of ethnography to normative theory is distinguished from that of other forms of empirical research, and the dangers of perspectival absorption, bias and particularism are addressed.},
	language = {en},
	number = {2},
	urldate = {2024-08-09},
	journal = {British Journal of Political Science},
	author = {Herzog, Lisa and Zacka, Bernardo},
	month = apr,
	year = {2019},
	keywords = {ethnography, methodology, non-ideal theory, normative case study, reflective equilibrium},
	pages = {763--784},
}





@article{haverland_hitchhikers_2012,
	title = {A {Hitchhiker}'s {Guide} to the {Public} {Administration} {Research} {Universe}: {Surviving} {Conversations} on {Methodologies} and {Methods}},
	volume = {72},
	copyright = {Copyright © 2012 The American Society for Public Administration},
	issn = {1540-6210},
	shorttitle = {A {Hitchhiker}'s {Guide} to the {Public} {Administration} {Research} {Universe}},
	url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1540-6210.2011.02524.x},
	doi = {10.1111/j.1540-6210.2011.02524.x},
	abstract = {Scientific conversations can be riddled with confusion when contributions to the discussion are based on notions about ways of knowing that remain implicit. Researchers often mix different methodological positions in their research designs because they lack an awareness of the distinctions between different ways of knowing and their associated methods. The authors engage and reflect on these differences, with particular attention to four areas: research question formulations, the character and role of concepts and theories, hypotheses versus puzzles, and case study research. They call on all researchers, both academics and practitioners, to be aware of the ways in which scientific terms serve, in research debates, as signifiers of different logics of inquiry. Awareness of these differences is important for the sake of productive scientific discussions and for the logical consistency of research, as both of the ways of knowing discussed here are legitimate scientific endeavors, albeit invoking different evaluative criteria.},
	language = {en},
	number = {3},
	urldate = {2024-08-09},
	journal = {Public Administration Review},
	author = {Haverland, Markus and Yanow, Dvora},
	year = {2012},
	note = {\_eprint: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/j.1540-6210.2011.02524.x},
	pages = {401--408},
}





@article{hall_promise_2014,
	title = {The {Promise} and {Perils} of {Interpretivism} in {Australian} {International} {Relations}},
	volume = {73},
	copyright = {© 2014 National Council of the Institute of Public Administration Australia},
	issn = {1467-8500},
	url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/1467-8500.12084},
	doi = {10.1111/1467-8500.12084},
	abstract = {Australian International Relations (IR) was once a hybrid of American and European styles of political science, but today it is dominated by a British-inspired post-positivism which has its virtues – and its vices – and which utilises various interpretive and semi-interpretive approaches. This paper welcomes the ‘interpretive turn’ in Australian IR, but recognises its weaknesses, and argues that, to overcome them, interpretivists must be clear about what interpretivism should and should not entail. It argues that a thoroughgoing interpretivism offers two things that qualitative work in Australian IR desperately needs: a revived focus on explaining international relations, as well as understanding it, and a renewed engagement with other fields and other modes of studying the field.},
	language = {en},
	number = {3},
	urldate = {2024-08-09},
	journal = {Australian Journal of Public Administration},
	author = {Hall, Ian},
	year = {2014},
	note = {\_eprint: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/1467-8500.12084},
	keywords = {international relations, interpretive theory, interpretivism},
	pages = {307--316},
}





@article{godrej_towards_2009,
	title = {Towards a {Cosmopolitan} {Political} {Thought}: {The} {Hermeneutics} of {Interpreting} the {Other}},
	volume = {41},
	issn = {0032-3497},
	shorttitle = {Towards a {Cosmopolitan} {Political} {Thought}},
	url = {https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/abs/10.1057/pol.2008.28},
	doi = {10.1057/pol.2008.28},
	abstract = {The emergence of the field of comparative political theory suggests that the encounter with non-Western texts be considered a legitimate and necessary part of political theory, so that the field is reconstituted in a truly cosmopolitan manner. However, this also presents unique challenges to political theorists. Chief among these is the question of what hermeneutic approach would allow us to understand well the ideas contained in these texts. This essay will argue for a particular approach to the interpretation of non-Western texts and ideas, providing an account of a methodologically self-conscious approach to comparative political theory. A serious comparative political theorist will inevitably have to alternate between an internal immersion in the lived experience of the text, and an external stance of commentary and exegesis of the text. Struggling with the conflicting imperatives of these moments is precisely the task of a more nuanced approach to comparative political theory. Ultimately, however, I also argue that this particular approach has implications for the development of a genuine cosmopolitanism in the field of political theory. A cosmopolitan political theory is precisely one in which such struggles and complex encounters with the otherness of texts are increasingly made available to provoke, dislocate, and challenge our own understandings of political life. The method I offer is thus deeply implicated in the evolution of our self-understanding as political theorists.},
	number = {2},
	urldate = {2024-08-09},
	journal = {Polity},
	author = {Godrej, Farah},
	month = apr,
	year = {2009},
	note = {Publisher: The University of Chicago Press},
	keywords = {comparative political theory, cosmopolitan, hermeneutics, interpretation, non-Western, political theory},
	pages = {135--165},
}





@book{godrej_cosmopolitan_2011,
	address = {Oxford, UK},
	title = {Cosmopolitan {Political} {Thought}: {Method}, {Practice}, {Discipline}},
	isbn = {978-0-19-978207-9},
	shorttitle = {Cosmopolitan {Political} {Thought}},
	url = {https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199782062.001.0001},
	abstract = {Cosmopolitan Political Thought asks the question of what it might mean for the very practices of political theorizing to be cosmopolitan. It suggests that such a vision of political theory is intimately linked to methodological questions about what is commonly called comparative political theory - namely, the turn beyond ideas and modes of inquiry determined by traditional Western scholarship. It is therefore an argument for applying the idea of cosmopolitanism - understood in a particular way - to the discipline of political theory itself. As Farah Godrej argues, there are four crucial components of this cosmopolitan intervention: the texts under analysis, the methods for interpreting non-Western texts and ideas, the application of these ideas across geographical and cultural boundaries, and the deconstruction of Eurocentrism. In order to be genuinely cosmopolitan, Godrej states, political theorists must reflect on their perspectives inside and outside various traditions and immerse themselves in foreign ideas, languages, histories, and cultures - ultimately relocating themselves within their disciplinary homes. The result will be a serious challenge to accepted solutions to political life.},
	language = {en},
	publisher = {Oxford University Press},
	author = {Godrej, Farah},
	month = oct,
	year = {2011},
	note = {Google-Books-ID: qcQVDAAAQBAJ},
	keywords = {Philosophy / Political, Political Science / Comparative Politics, Political Science / History \& Theory, Political Science / International Relations / General, Religion / General},
}





@article{funk_making_2019,
	title = {Making {Interpretivism} {Visible}: {Reflections} after a {Decade} of the {Methods} {Café}},
	volume = {52},
	issn = {1049-0965, 1537-5935},
	shorttitle = {Making {Interpretivism} {Visible}},
	url = {https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/ps-political-science-and-politics/article/making-interpretivism-visible-reflections-after-a-decade-of-the-methods-cafe/F325A0F26F40B54DFECB4395B032A744},
	doi = {10.1017/S1049096519000179},
	abstract = {More than a decade after the observation that an “interpretive turn” was percolating through political science, there are clear indications of growth in the perceived legitimacy of interpretive scholarship. Both accompanying and contributing to interpretivism’s ascent has been the regular staging of Methods Cafés at various conferences in and beyond the discipline. First held at the 2005 meeting of the Western Political Science Association, the Methods Café subsequently landed at the 2006 conference of the American Political Science Association. The Methods Café has become an institutionalized feature of these and other conferences. This reflection looks at the past, present, and future of these events, as well as the key role they have played in making interpretivism visible in the discipline. In particular, I highlight their function as non-hierarchical intellectual spaces that promote teaching, learning, and interpretivist community building. Further, I offer friendly but not uncritical commentary on the successes and limitations of the Methods Café.},
	language = {en},
	number = {3},
	urldate = {2024-08-08},
	journal = {PS: Political Science \& Politics},
	author = {Funk, Kevin},
	month = jul,
	year = {2019},
	pages = {465--469},
}





@article{fujii_five_2015,
	title = {Five stories of accidental ethnography: turning unplanned moments in the field into data},
	volume = {15},
	issn = {1468-7941},
	shorttitle = {Five stories of accidental ethnography},
	url = {https://doi.org/10.1177/1468794114548945},
	doi = {10.1177/1468794114548945},
	abstract = {Observations of daily life are the bread and butter of ethnography but rarely feature as data in other kinds of work. Could non-ethnographic studies also benefit from such observations? If so, how? This article proposes ‘accidental ethnography’ as a method that field researchers can use to gain better understanding of the research context and their own social positioning within that context. Accidental ethnography involves paying systematic attention to the unplanned moments that take place outside an interview, survey, or other structured methods. In these moments the researcher might hear a surprising story or notice an everyday scene she had previously overlooked. The importance of these observations lies not in what they tell us about the particular, but rather what they suggest about the larger political and social world in which they (and the researcher) are embedded. The paper illustrates the argument by presenting five stories from the author’s experiences conducting research on local violence in Rwanda, Bosnia, the US, and elsewhere.},
	language = {en},
	number = {4},
	urldate = {2024-08-09},
	journal = {Qualitative Research},
	author = {Fujii, Lee Ann},
	month = aug,
	year = {2015},
	note = {Publisher: SAGE Publications},
	pages = {525--539},
}





@article{ercan_studying_2017,
	title = {Studying public deliberation after the systemic turn: the crucial role for interpretive research},
	shorttitle = {Studying public deliberation after the systemic turn},
	url = {https://bristoluniversitypressdigital.com/view/journals/pp/45/2/article-p195.xml},
	doi = {10.1332/030557315X14502713105886},
	abstract = {The recent shift towards a deliberative systems approach suggests understanding public deliberation as a communicative activity occurring in a diversity of spaces. While theoretically attractive, the deliberative systems approach raises a number of methodological questions for empirical social scientists. For example, how does one identify multiple communicative sites within a deliberative system, how does one study connections between different sites, and how does one assess the impact of the broader context on deliberative forums and systems? Drawing on multiple case studies, this article argues that interpretive research methods are well-suited to studying the ambiguities, dynamics and politics of complex deliberative systems.},
	language = {en},
	urldate = {2024-08-09},
	author = {Ercan, Selen A. and Hendriks, Carolyn M. and Boswell, John},
	month = apr,
	year = {2017},
	note = {Section: Policy \& Politics},
	keywords = {deliberative democracy, deliberative system, empirical, interpretive research},
	pages = {195--212},
}





@book{clark_political_2018,
	address = {Oxford, UK},
	title = {Political {Science} {Research} in the {Middle} {East} and {North} {Africa}: {Methodological} and {Ethical} {Challenges}},
	isbn = {978-0-19-088296-9},
	shorttitle = {Political {Science} {Research} in the {Middle} {East} and {North} {Africa}},
	url = {https://academic.oup.com/book/8759},
	abstract = {In conducting political science research today, one's methodology is of paramount concern. Yet, despite the obvious chasm between theory and practice that all scholars experience in the field, there are no specific guidebooks on meeting the methodological and ethical challenges that fieldwork presents. Political Science Research in the Middle East and North Africa helps fill this vacuum, focusing specifically on doing research in the one of the most important regions in contemporary world politics. Janine A. Clark and Francesco Cavatorta have gathered together a large and diverse group of researchers who study the region and focus on methodological "lessons learned" from their first hand experiences of employing a variety of research methods while conducting fieldwork. The contributors also look at the challenges of conducting field research in a variety of contexts, such as in areas of violence, and using research methods such as interviewing and ethnography. This volume will therefore be an invaluable companion book to more standard methods books and a useful tool, not just for Middle East scholars, but for all researchers conducting research in complex settings.},
	language = {en},
	publisher = {Oxford University Press},
	author = {Clark, Janine A. and Cavatorta, Francesco},
	year = {2018},
	note = {Google-Books-ID: ZxRbDwAAQBAJ},
	keywords = {Political Science / General, Political Science / International Relations / General, Political Science / World / African, Political Science / World / Middle Eastern, Reference / Research, Social Science / Islamic Studies},
}





@article{brigden_politics_2020,
	title = {The {Politics} of {Data} {Access} in {Studying} {Violence} across {Methodological} {Boundaries}: {What} {We} {Can} {Learn} from {Each} {Other}?},
	volume = {22},
	shorttitle = {The {Politics} of {Data} {Access} in {Studying} {Violence} across {Methodological} {Boundaries}},
	url = {https://academic.oup.com/isr/article-abstract/22/2/250/5803372},
	number = {2},
	urldate = {2024-08-09},
	journal = {International Studies Review},
	author = {Brigden, Noelle K. and Gohdes, Anita R.},
	year = {2020},
	note = {Publisher: Oxford University Press},
	pages = {250--267},
}





@book{boswell_art_2019,
	address = {Cambridge},
	series = {Strategies for {Social} {Inquiry}},
	title = {The {Art} and {Craft} of {Comparison}},
	isbn = {978-1-108-47285-2},
	url = {https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/art-and-craft-of-comparison/D7BD358158B5444D1E1D1122A0114C5B},
	abstract = {Is it possible to compare French presidential politics with village leadership in rural India? Most social scientists are united in thinking such unlikely juxtapositions are not feasible. Boswell, Corbett and Rhodes argue that they are possible. This book explains why and how. It is a call to arms for interpretivists to embrace creatively comparative work. As well as explaining, defending and illustrating the comparative interpretive approach, this book is also an engaging, hands-on guide to doing comparative interpretive research, with chapters covering design, fieldwork, analysis and writing. The advice in each revolves around 'rules of thumb', grounded in experience, and illustrated through stories and examples from the authors' research in different contexts around the world. Naturalist and humanist traditions have thus far dominated the field but this book presents a real alternative to these two orthodoxies which expands the horizons of comparative analysis in social science research.},
	urldate = {2024-08-09},
	publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
	author = {Boswell, John and Corbett, Jack and Rhodes, R. A. W.},
	year = {2019},
	doi = {10.1017/9781108561563},
}





@incollection{mac_ginty_preparing_2021,
	address = {Cham, Switzerland},
	title = {Preparing for {Fieldwork} {Interviews}},
	isbn = {978-3-030-46432-5 978-3-030-46433-2},
	url = {http://link.springer.com/10.1007/978-3-030-46433-2_5},
	language = {en},
	urldate = {2024-08-09},
	booktitle = {The {Companion} to {Peace} and {Conflict} {Fieldwork}},
	publisher = {Springer International Publishing},
	author = {Bliesemann De Guevara, Berit and Poopuu, Birgit},
	editor = {Mac Ginty, Roger and Brett, Roddy and Vogel, Birte},
	year = {2021},
	doi = {10.1007/978-3-030-46433-2_5},
	pages = {65--83},
}





@book{blakely_alasdair_2016,
	address = {Notre Dame: IN},
	title = {Alasdair {MacIntyre}, {Charles} {Taylor}, and the {Demise} of {Naturalism}: {Reunifying} {Political} {Theory} and {Social} {Science}},
	shorttitle = {Alasdair {MacIntyre}, {Charles} {Taylor}, and the {Demise} of {Naturalism}},
	url = {https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctvpj75fm},
	abstract = {Today the ethical and normative concerns of everyday citizens are all too often sidelined from the study of political and social issues, driven out by an effort to create a more "scientific" study. This book offers a way for social scientists and political theorists to reintegrate the empirical and the normative, proposing a way out of the scientism that clouds our age. In \textit{Alasdair MacIntyre, Charles Taylor, and the Demise of Naturalism} , Jason Blakely argues that the resources for overcoming this divide are found in the respective intellectual developments of Charles Taylor and Alasdair MacIntyre. Blakely examines their often parallel intellectual journeys, which led them to critically engage the British New Left, analytic philosophy, phenomenology, continental hermeneutics, and modern social science. Although MacIntyre and Taylor are not \textit{sui generis} , Blakely claims they each present a new, revived humanism, one that insists on the creative agency of the human person against reductive, instrumental, technocratic, and scientistic ways of thinking. The recovery of certain key themes in these philosophers' works generates a new political philosophy with which to face certain unprecedented problems of our age. Taylor's and MacIntyre's philosophies give social scientists working in all disciplines (from economics and sociology to political science and psychology) an alternative theoretical framework for conducting research.},
	urldate = {2024-08-09},
	publisher = {University of Notre Dame Press},
	author = {Blakely, Jason},
	year = {2016},
	doi = {10.2307/j.ctvpj75fm},
}





@book{bevir_routledge_2015,
	address = {New York, N.Y},
	title = {Routledge {Handbook} of {Interpretive} {Political} {Science}},
	isbn = {978-1-317-53361-0},
	url = {https://www.routledge.com/Routledge-Handbook-of-Interpretive-Political-Science/Bevir-Rhodes/p/book/9781138498884},
	abstract = {Interpretive political science focuses on the meanings that shape actions and institutions, and the ways in which they do so. This Handbook explores the implications of interpretive theory for the study of politics. It provides the first definitive survey of the field edited by two of its pioneers. Written by leading scholars from a range of disciplinary backgrounds, the Handbook’s 32 chapters are split into five parts which explore:   the contrast between interpretive theory and mainstream political science;   the main forms of interpretive theory and the theoretical concepts associated with interpretive political science;   the methods used by interpretive political scientists;   the insights provided by interpretive political science on empirical topics;   the implications of interpretive political science for professional practices such as policy analysis, planning, accountancy, and public health. With an emphasis on the applications of interpretive political science to a range of topics and disciplines, this Handbook is an invaluable resource for students, scholars, and practitioners in the areas of international relations, comparative politics, political sociology, political psychology, and public administration.},
	language = {en},
	publisher = {Routledge},
	author = {Bevir, Mark and Rhodes, R. A. W.},
	month = jul,
	year = {2015},
	note = {Google-Books-ID: xAcXCgAAQBAJ},
	keywords = {Political Science / General, Political Science / International Relations / General},
}





@article{bartels_introduction_2020,
	title = {Introduction: towards deliberative policy analysis 2.0},
	volume = {41},
	issn = {0144-2872},
	shorttitle = {Introduction},
	url = {https://doi.org/10.1080/01442872.2020.1772219},
	doi = {10.1080/01442872.2020.1772219},
	abstract = {The purpose of this second special issue is to build on and extend the development of Deliberative Policy Analysis (DPA) 2.0 that was set in motion by the first special issue on DPA in this journal. It is set up around a symposium focused on integrating DPA’s pillars of interpretation, practice, and deliberation. We identify three key threads for interweaving these three pillars and advancing DPA 2.0 and introduce the five other contributions to this special issue along these lines. We conclude that DPA 2.0 offers a range of solid and progressive approaches for methodically engaging with the complexity, relationality and practical nature of policy processes.},
	number = {4},
	urldate = {2024-08-09},
	journal = {Policy Studies},
	author = {Bartels, Koen P.R. and Wagenaar, Hendrik and Li, Ya},
	month = jul,
	year = {2020},
	note = {Publisher: Routledge
\_eprint: https://doi.org/10.1080/01442872.2020.1772219},
	keywords = {Deliberative policy analysis, complexity, deliberation, interpretation, practice, relationality},
	pages = {295--306},
}





@book{aronoff_anthropology_2013,
	title = {Anthropology and {Political} {Science}: {A} {Convergent} {Approach}},
	isbn = {978-0-85745-725-7},
	shorttitle = {Anthropology and {Political} {Science}},
	abstract = {What can anthropology and political science learn from each other? The authors argue that collaboration, particularly in the area of concepts and methodologies, is tremendously beneficial for both disciplines, though they also deal with some troubling aspects of the relationship. Focusing on the influence of anthropology on political science, the book examines the basic assumptions the practitioners of each discipline make about the nature of social and political reality, compares some of the key concepts each field employs, and provides an extensive review of the basic methods of research that "bridge" both disciplines: ethnography and case study. Through ethnography (participant observation), reliance on extended case studies, and the use of "anthropological" concepts and sensibilities, a greater understanding of some of the most challenging issues of the day can be gained. For example, political anthropology challenges the illusion of the "autonomy of the political" assumed by political science to characterize so-called modern societies. Several chapters include a cross-disciplinary analysis of key concepts and issues: political culture, political ritual, the politics of collective identity, democratization in divided societies, conflict resolution, civil society, and the politics of post-Communist transformations.},
	language = {en},
	publisher = {Berghahn Books},
	author = {Aronoff, Myron J. and Kubik, Jan},
	year = {2013},
	note = {Google-Books-ID: 40KgTfu8jY4C},
	keywords = {Political Science / General, Political Science / History \& Theory, Social Science / Anthropology / Cultural \& Social, Social Science / Anthropology / General, Social Science / Sociology / General},
}





@article{aradau_critical_2014,
	title = {Critical methods in {International} {Relations}: {The} politics of techniques, devices and acts},
	volume = {20},
	issn = {1354-0661},
	shorttitle = {Critical methods in {International} {Relations}},
	url = {https://doi.org/10.1177/1354066112474479},
	doi = {10.1177/1354066112474479},
	abstract = {Methods have increasingly been placed at the heart of theoretical and empirical research in International Relations (IR) and social sciences more generally. This article explores the role of methods in IR and argues that methods can be part of a critical project if reconceptualized away from neutral techniques of organizing empirical material and research design. It proposes a two-pronged reconceptualization of critical methods as devices which enact worlds and acts which disrupt particular worlds. Developing this conceptualization allows us to foreground questions of knowledge and politics as stakes of method and methodology rather than exclusively of ontology, epistemology or theory. It also allows us to move away from the dominance of scientificity (and its weaker versions of systematicity and rigour) to understand methods as less pure, less formal, messier and more experimental, carrying substantive political visions.},
	language = {en},
	number = {3},
	urldate = {2024-08-09},
	journal = {European Journal of International Relations},
	author = {Aradau, Claudia and Huysmans, Jef},
	month = sep,
	year = {2014},
	note = {Publisher: SAGE Publications Ltd},
	pages = {596--619},
}





@book{amoureux_reflexivity_2015,
	address = {New York, N.Y},
	title = {Reflexivity and {International} {Relations}: {Positionality}, {Critique}, and {Practice}},
	shorttitle = {Reflexivity and {International} {Relations}},
	url = {https://www.routledge.com/Reflexivity-and-International-Relations-Positionality-Critique-and-Practice/Amoureux-Steele/p/book/9781138789227},
	abstract = {Reflexivity has become a common term in IR scholarship with a variety of uses and meanings. Yet for such an important concept and referent, understandings of reflexivity have been more assumed rather than developed by those who use it, from realists and constructivists to feminists and post-structuralists.This volume seeks to provide the first overview of reflexivity in international relations theory, offering students and scholars a text a comprehensive and systematic overview of the current reflexivity literature develops important insights into how reflexivity can play a broader role in IR theory pushes reflexivity in new, productive directions, and offers more nuanced and concrete specifications of reflexivity moves reflexivity beyond the scholar and the scholarly field to political practice Formulates practices of reflexivity.Drawing together the work of many of the key scholars in the field into one volume, this work will be essential reading for all students of international relations theory.},
	language = {English},
	publisher = {Routledge},
	editor = {Amoureux, Jack L. and Steele, Brent J.},
	year = {2015},
}





























































































































































@article{yanow_methods_2007,
	title = {The {Methods} {Café}: {An} {Innovative} {Idea} for {Methods} {Teaching} at {Conference} {Meetings}},
	volume = {40},
	issn = {1049-0965},
	shorttitle = {The {Methods} {Café}},
	url = {https://www.jstor.org/stable/20451965},
	number = {2},
	urldate = {2024-08-08},
	journal = {PS: Political Science and Politics},
	author = {Yanow, Dvora and Schwartz-Shea, Peregrine},
	year = {2007},
	note = {Publisher: [American Political Science Association, Cambridge University Press]},
	pages = {383--386},
}





@incollection{wedeen_scientific_2016,
	title = {Scientific {Knowledge}, {Liberalism}, and {Empire}: {American} {Political} {Science} in the {Modern} {Middle} {East}},
	copyright = {De Gruyter expressly reserves the right to use all content for commercial text and data mining within the meaning of Section 44b of the German Copyright Act.},
	isbn = {978-1-4798-5066-2},
	shorttitle = {1 {Scientific} {Knowledge}, {Liberalism}, and {Empire}},
	url = {https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.18574/nyu/9781479827787.003.0002/html?lang=en},
	abstract = {1 Scientific Knowledge, Liberalism, and Empire: American Political Science in the Modern Middle East was published in Middle East Studies for the New Millennium on page 31.},
	language = {en},
	urldate = {2024-08-08},
	booktitle = {1 {Scientific} {Knowledge}, {Liberalism}, and {Empire}: {American} {Political} {Science} in the {Modern} {Middle} {East}},
	publisher = {New York University Press},
	author = {Wedeen, Lisa},
	month = nov,
	year = {2016},
	doi = {10.18574/nyu/9781479827787.003.0002},
	pages = {31--81},
}





@book{wedeen_ambiguities_2015,
	address = {Chicago, IL},
	title = {Ambiguities of {Domination}: {Politics}, {Rhetoric}, and {Symbols} in {Contemporary} {Syria}},
	isbn = {978-0-226-33337-3},
	shorttitle = {Ambiguities of {Domination}},
	url = {https://press.uchicago.edu/ucp/books/book/chicago/A/bo22776830.html},
	abstract = {Treating rhetoric and symbols as central rather than peripheral to politics, Lisa Wedeen’s groundbreaking book offers a compelling counterargument to those who insist that politics is primarily about material interests and the groups advocating for them. During the thirty-year rule of President Hafiz al-Asad’s regime, his image was everywhere. In newspapers, on television, and during orchestrated spectacles. Asad was praised as the “father,” the “gallant knight,” even the country’s “premier pharmacist.” Yet most Syrians, including those who create the official rhetoric, did not believe its claims. Why would a regime spend scarce resources on a personality cult whose content is patently spurious? Wedeen shows how such flagrantly fictitious claims were able to produce a politics of public dissimulation in which citizens acted as if they revered the leader. By inundating daily life with tired symbolism, the regime exercised a subtle, yet effective form of power. The cult worked to enforce obedience, induce complicity, isolate Syrians from one another, and set guidelines for public speech and behavior. Wedeen‘s ethnographic research demonstrates how Syrians recognized the disciplinary aspects of the cult and sought to undermine them. In a new preface, Wedeen discusses the uprising against the Syrian regime that began in 2011 and questions the usefulness of the concept of legitimacy in trying to analyze and understand authoritarian regimes.},
	language = {en},
	urldate = {2024-08-08},
	publisher = {University of Chicago Press},
	author = {Wedeen, Lisa},
	editor = {Author, the},
	month = sep,
	year = {2015},
	keywords = {academic, advocacy, argument, contemporary, cult, cultural, culture, eastern, government, historical, history, leaders, leadership, material, middle east, modern, newspaper, personality, poli sci, political, politician, politics, power, president, propaganda, research, rhetoric, rhetorical, ruler, scholarly, symbology, symbols, syria, television},
}









@incollection{wedeen_ethnography_2013,
	title = {Ethnography as {Interpretive} {Enterprise}},
	copyright = {De Gruyter expressly reserves the right to use all content for commercial text and data mining within the meaning of Section 44b of the German Copyright Act.},
	isbn = {978-0-226-73678-5},
	url = {https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.7208/9780226736785-006/html?lang=en},
	abstract = {THREE Ethnography as Interpretive Enterprise was published in Political Ethnography on page 75.},
	language = {en},
	urldate = {2024-08-08},
	booktitle = {{THREE} {Ethnography} as {Interpretive} {Enterprise}},
	publisher = {University of Chicago Press},
	author = {Wedeen, Lisa},
	month = feb,
	year = {2013},
	doi = {10.7208/9780226736785-006},
	pages = {75--94},
}





@incollection{shapiro_concepts_2004,
	address = {Cambridge},
	title = {Concepts and commitments in the study of democracy},
	isbn = {978-0-521-83174-1},
	url = {https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/problems-and-methods-in-the-study-of-politics/concepts-and-commitments-in-the-study-of-democracy/5ED80377DF141B2DED39F7A4C8B1CD69},
	abstract = {IntroductionThis chapter imagines a conversation among three different communities of scholarship on democracy. One approach, what we might call scientific studies of political economy, tends to explore the relationship between economic development and democracy (or sometimes more broadly, regime type); it uses formal theoretical models combined with statistical ones for empirical testing in an effort to come up with law-like rules or patterns governing political behavior. Another approach, framed by an interpretive, philosophical commitment to understanding the relationship between words and politics, examines the conceptual conundrums and meanings associated with words such as democracy. Still another approach, also termed “interpretive,” investigates the substantive activities undertaken by individuals and/or groups comprising the political order – the everyday practices and systems of signification associated with democracy in particular places. Each is dedicated to solving problems of abiding relevance to empirical politics, and each employs one or more methods to do so. Yet the kinds of questions, the terms of debate, the definition of democracy, the importance of science, the role methods play, and the underlying epistemological commitments animating each differ in critical and recognizable ways. This chapter considers the questions that are enabled or foreclosed in opting for one approach over the other. It asks: what are the scholarly and political stakes involved in thinking about democracy in ways that emphasize scientific methods or that tackle long-standing theoretical confusions?},
	urldate = {2024-08-08},
	booktitle = {Problems and {Methods} in the {Study} of {Politics}},
	publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
	author = {Wedeen, Lisa},
	editor = {Shapiro, Ian and Smith, Rogers M. and Masoud, Tarek E.},
	year = {2004},
	doi = {10.1017/CBO9780511492174.013},
	pages = {274--306},
}





@article{wedeen_ideology_2013,
	title = {Ideology and {Humor} in {Dark} {Times}: {Notes} from {Syria}},
	volume = {39},
	issn = {0093-1896},
	shorttitle = {Ideology and {Humor} in {Dark} {Times}},
	url = {https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.1086/671358},
	doi = {10.1086/671358},
	number = {4},
	urldate = {2024-08-08},
	journal = {Critical Inquiry},
	author = {Wedeen, Lisa},
	year = {2013},
	note = {Publisher: The University of Chicago Press},
	pages = {841--873},
}









@book{schwedler_faith_2006,
	address = {Cambridge},
	title = {Faith in {Moderation}: {Islamist} {Parties} in {Jordan} and {Yemen}},
	isbn = {978-0-521-85113-8},
	shorttitle = {Faith in {Moderation}},
	url = {https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/faith-in-moderation/CEEB41411963D1A4C824288D16421FFE},
	abstract = {Does political inclusion produce ideological moderation? Schwedler argues that examining political behaviour alone provides insufficient evidence of moderation because it leaves open the possibility that political actors might act as if they are moderate while harbouring radical agendas. Through a comparative study of the Islamic Action Front party in Jordan and the Islah party in Yemen, she argues that the IAF in Jordan has become more moderate through participation in pluralist political processes, while the Islah party has not. The variation is explained in part by internal group organization and decision-making processes, but particularly by the ways in which the IAF has been able to justify its new pluralist practices on Islamic terms while the Islah party has not. Based on nearly four years of field research in Jordan and Yemen, Schwedler contributes both an important theory of ideological moderation and detail about these powerful Islamist political parties.},
	urldate = {2024-08-08},
	publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
	author = {Schwedler, Jillian},
	year = {2006},
	doi = {10.1017/CBO9780511550829},
}









@book{simmons_meaningful_2016,
	address = {Cambridge},
	series = {Cambridge {Studies} in {Contentious} {Politics}},
	title = {Meaningful {Resistance}: {Market} {Reforms} and the {Roots} of {Social} {Protest} in {Latin} {America}},
	isbn = {978-1-107-12485-1},
	shorttitle = {Meaningful {Resistance}},
	url = {https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/meaningful-resistance/1EF6C2A27CA6CAAB258B2CA4D1631A3A},
	abstract = {Meaningful Resistance explores the origins and dynamics of resistance to markets through an examination of two social movements that emerged to voice and channel opposition to market reforms. Protests against water privatization in Cochabamba, Bolivia, and rising corn prices in Mexico City, Mexico, offer a lens to analyze the mechanisms by which perceived, market-driven threats to material livelihood can prompt resistance. By exploring connections among marketization, local practices, and political protest, the book shows how the material and the ideational are inextricably linked in resistance to subsistence threats. When people perceive that markets have put subsistence at risk, material and symbolic worlds are both at stake; citizens take to the streets not only to defend their pocketbooks, but also their conceptions of community. The book advances contemporary scholarship by showing how attention to grievances in general, and subsistence resources in particular, can add explanatory leverage to analyses of contentious politics.},
	urldate = {2024-08-08},
	publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
	author = {Simmons, Erica S.},
	year = {2016},
	doi = {10.1017/9781316417645},
}





@book{schwedler_protesting_2022,
	address = {Stanford},
	title = {Protesting {Jordan}: {Geographies} of {Power} and {Dissent}},
	isbn = {978-1-5036-3037-6},
	shorttitle = {Protesting {Jordan}},
	abstract = {A National Endowment for Democracy Notable Book of 2022Protest has been a key method of political claim-making in Jordan from the late Ottoman period to the present day. More than moments of rupture within normal-time politics, protests have been central to challenging state power, as well as reproducing it—and the spatial dynamics of protests play a central role in the construction of both state and society. With this book, Jillian Schwedler considers how space and geography influence protests and repression, and, in challenging conventional narratives of Hashemite state-making, offers the first in-depth study of rebellion in Jordan.Based on twenty-five years of field research, Protesting Jordan examines protests as they are situated in the built environment, bringing together considerations of networks, spatial imaginaries, space and place-making, and political geographies at local, national, regional, and global scales. Schwedler considers the impact of time and temporality in the lifecycles of individual movements. Through a mixed interpretive methodology, this book illuminates the geographies of power and dissent and the spatial practices of protest and repression, highlighting the political stakes of competing narratives about Jordan's past, present, and future.},
	publisher = {Stanford University Press},
	author = {Schwedler, Jillian},
	year = {2022},
	keywords = {Middle East Studies, Politics -- Comparative Politics, Politics -- Democracy},
}





@article{schwartz-shea_reading_2002,
	title = {“{Reading}” “ {Methods}” “{Texts}”: {How} {Research} {Methods} {Texts} {Construct} {Political} {Science}},
	volume = {55},
	issn = {1065-9129},
	shorttitle = {“{Reading}” “ {Methods}” “{Texts}”},
	url = {https://doi.org/10.1177/106591290205500209},
	doi = {10.1177/106591290205500209},
	abstract = {This article reports on an interpretive content analysis of fourteen research methods texts. We read them as a genre—exploring their structural and rhetorical features—to address two questions: To what extent do research methods texts reflect the breadth of methods used in political science and its fields? To what extent do they reflect contemporary ferment concerning questions of social reality and its “knowability?” These questions are intertwined with each other—epistemological positions on what counts as “science” affect the methods presented—and with the misleading distinction between “quantitative” and “qualitative” methods. Although these texts vary considerably in the degree to which they engage epistemologcal issues. all fourteen texts explicitly endorsed or implicitly assumed positivist definitions of science, which can be seen in their treatments of “qualitative” methods issues. Interpretive methods of data access and analysis are almost entirely “disappeared,” and positivist qualitative methods of data access receive treatment that ranges from poor to excellent. This textual consensus on positivism as the mode of scientific research in political science has implications for professional practice in four areas: the possibility of field-neutral methods texts, student research agendas, disciplinary meanings associated with “method” and “methodology,” and researchers' professional identity as political scientists.},
	language = {en},
	number = {2},
	urldate = {2024-08-08},
	journal = {Political Research Quarterly},
	author = {Schwartz-Shea, Peregrine and Yanow, Dvora},
	month = jun,
	year = {2002},
	note = {Publisher: SAGE Publications Inc},
	pages = {457--486},
}





@article{pachirat_shouts_2009,
	title = {Shouts and {Murmurs}: {The} {Ethnographer}’s {Potion}},
	volume = {7},
	number = {2},
	journal = {Qualitative \& Multi-Method Research},
	author = {Pachirat, Timothy},
	year = {2009},
	pages = {41--44},
}









@book{monroe_perestroika_2005,
	address = {New Haven},
	edition = {First Edition},
	title = {Perestroika!: {The} {Raucous} {Rebellion} in {Political} {Science}},
	isbn = {978-0-300-09981-2},
	shorttitle = {Perestroika!},
	abstract = {An examination of the movement that has turned the discipline of political science upside down This superb volume describes the events and ramifications of a revolt within the political science discipline that began in 2000 with a disgruntled e-mail message signed by one “Mr. Perestroika.” The message went to seventeen recipients who quickly forwarded it to others, and soon the Perestroika revolt became a major movement calling for change in the American political science community.What is the Perestroika movement? Why did it occur? What has it accomplished? What remains to be done? Most important, what does it tell us about the nature of political science, about methodological pluralism and diversity, about the process of publishing scholarly work, and about graduate education in the field? The contributors to the book—thoughtful political scientists who offer a variety of perspectives—set the Perestroika movement in historical and comparative contexts. They address many topics related to heart of the debate—a desire for tolerance of methodological diversity—and assess the changes that have come in the wake of Perestroika. For political scientists and their graduate students, and for those interested in the history or sociology of social sciences, this volume is essential reading.},
	language = {English},
	publisher = {Yale University Press},
	editor = {Monroe, Kristen Renwick},
	month = sep,
	year = {2005},
}









@book{khalili_policing_2010,
	title = {Policing and {Prisons} in the {Middle} {East}: {Formations} of {Coercion}},
	isbn = {978-1-84904-058-7},
	shorttitle = {Policing and {Prisons} in the {Middle} {East}},
	abstract = {The emergence of the modern Middle East has been accompanied by a concentration of coercive power in the state. Although the region has encompassed numerous Mukhabarat (secret police) states, extensive policing and carceral regimes, and widespread use of torture and spectacular punishments, and although its prisons and policing practices are regularly condemned by human rights organisations, surprisingly few analyses explore the emergence of these grim institutions. This volume is the first to examine systematically practices of policing and incarceration in the modern Middle East, the emergence of modern policing and prisons and their continued predominance. It offers a useful lens through which the complexity of state power and the contours of popular contentious politics can be read.},
	language = {en},
	publisher = {Hurst Publishers},
	author = {Khalili, Laleh and Schwedler, Jillian},
	year = {2010},
	note = {Google-Books-ID: 5iLwWWrPmJIC},
	keywords = {Political Science / Law Enforcement, Political Science / Political Freedom, Political Science / World / African, Political Science / World / Middle Eastern, Social Science / General, Social Science / Penology, Social Science / Sociology / General},
}





@article{jackson_dangers_2020,
	title = {The dangers of interpretation: {C}.{A}.{W}. {Manning} and the “going concern” of international society},
	volume = {16},
	issn = {1755-0882},
	shorttitle = {The dangers of interpretation},
	url = {https://doi.org/10.1177/1755088220905333},
	doi = {10.1177/1755088220905333},
	abstract = {C. A. W. Manning was an important figure in the early days of what became known as the English School, and was one of the most philosophically explicit articulators of the interpretivist approach that informed that branch of scholarship. He was also a defender of the apartheid system of his native South Africa. A close examination of his work reveals both the promises and the pitfalls of a methodologically interpretive approach to explanation. An interpretive explanation involves developing the capacity in the listener to “go on” appropriately, and this makes criticizing the rules of the game somewhat difficult, but not impossible. A clearer understanding of what an interpretive explanation is may very well help us to avoid the pitfalls illustrated by Manning’s advocacy, which I argue is made possible by a category confusion that remains very much with us: a confusion between delineating the rules of a given domain, and actively advocating or defending those principles.},
	language = {en},
	number = {2},
	urldate = {2024-08-09},
	journal = {Journal of International Political Theory},
	author = {Jackson, Patrick Thaddeus},
	month = jun,
	year = {2020},
	note = {Publisher: SAGE Publications},
	pages = {133--152},
}

















@book{glas_practicing_2022,
	address = {Oxford, New York},
	title = {Practicing {Peace}: {Conflict} {Management} in {Southeast} {Asia} and {South} {America}},
	isbn = {978-0-19-763322-9},
	shorttitle = {Practicing {Peace}},
	url = {https://global.oup.com/academic/product/practicing-peace-9780197633229?cc=ch&lang=en&},
	abstract = {Southeast Asia and South America are regions made up of largely illiberal states lacking stabilizing great powers or collective identities. But despite persistent territorial disputes, regime instability, and interstate rivalries, both regions have avoided large-scale war for decades. What accounts for the lack of war in these regions, and importantly, how are conflicts managed? In Practicing Peace, Aarie Glas offers a comparative regional perspective on conflict management and diplomacy in Southeast Asia and South America. Glas finds that regional interstate relations are shaped by particular habitual dispositions—discrete sets of processual and substantive qualities of relations understood and enacted by diplomatic communities of practice. Different habitual dispositions in each case shape conflict management and regionalism in important ways, and lead to a tolerance of limited regional violence. Glas expands on new developments in social International Relations theory to develop a practice-oriented and interpretive account of regional relations and explores the existence of habitual dispositions across crucial cases of regional conflict management, including the Southeast Asian response to the Preah Vihear dispute in 2011 and the South American response to the Cenepa conflict in 1995.Drawing on novel research methods and detailed interviews with regional practitioners, Practicing Peace challenges existing scholarly claims of peace in Southeast Asia and South America. Instead, Glas argues that officials successfully manage pervasive conflict short of war in both regions. He provides an in-depth look into how diplomacy unfolds and peace is practiced within diplomatic communities, from government actors to organizational officials, as they attempt to respond to and resolve territorial disputes.
             
             
              
            ,  
             Southeast Asia and South America are regions made up of largely illiberal states lacking stabilizing great powers or collective identities. But despite persistent territorial disputes, regime instability, and interstate rivalries, both regions have avoided large-scale war for decades. What accounts for the lack of war in these regions, and importantly, how are conflicts managed? In Practicing Peace, Aarie Glas offers a comparative regional perspective on conflict management and diplomacy in Southeast Asia and South America. Glas finds that regional interstate relations are shaped by particular habitual dispositions—discrete sets of processual and substantive qualities of relations understood and enacted by diplomatic communities of practice. Different habitual dispositions in each case shape conflict management and regionalism in important ways, and lead to a tolerance of limited regional violence. Glas expands on new developments in social International Relations theory to develop a practice-oriented and interpretive account of regional relations and explores the existence of habitual dispositions across crucial cases of regional conflict management, including the Southeast Asian response to the Preah Vihear dispute in 2011 and the South American response to the Cenepa conflict in 1995.Drawing on novel research methods and detailed interviews with regional practitioners, Practicing Peace challenges existing scholarly claims of peace in Southeast Asia and South America. Instead, Glas argues that officials successfully manage pervasive conflict short of war in both regions. He provides an in-depth look into how diplomacy unfolds and peace is practiced within diplomatic communities, from government actors to organizational officials, as they attempt to respond to and resolve territorial disputes.},
	publisher = {Oxford University Press},
	author = {Glas, Aarie},
	month = nov,
	year = {2022},
}





@article{geertz_natives_1974,
	title = {"{From} the {Native}'s {Point} of {View}": {On} the {Nature} of {Anthropological} {Understanding}},
	volume = {28},
	issn = {0002-712X},
	shorttitle = {"{From} the {Native}'s {Point} of {View}"},
	url = {https://www.jstor.org/stable/3822971},
	doi = {10.2307/3822971},
	abstract = {At the Annual Meeting in May 1974, the American Academy awarded its first Social Science Prize to Clifford Geertz for his significant contributions to social anthropology. Mr. Geertz has taught at Harvard University, the University of California at Berkeley, and the University of Chicago; in 1970 he became the first Professor of the Social Sciences at the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton. Mr. Geertz' research has centered on the changing religious attitudes and habits of life of the Islamic peoples of Morocco and Indonesia; he is the author of Peddlers and Princes: Social Changes and Economic Modernization in Two Indonesian Towns (1963), The Social History of an Indonesian Town (1965), Islam Observed: Religious Developments in Morocco and Indonesia (1968), and a recent collection of essays, The Interpretation of Cultures (1973). In nominating Mr. Geertz for the award, the Academy's Social Science Prize Committee observed, "each of these volumes is an important contribution in its own right; together they form an unrivaled corpus in modern social anthropology and social sciences." Following the presentation ceremony, Mr. Geertz delivered the following communication before Academy Fellows and their guests.},
	number = {1},
	urldate = {2024-08-08},
	journal = {Bulletin of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences},
	author = {Geertz, Clifford},
	year = {1974},
	note = {Publisher: American Academy of Arts \& Sciences},
	pages = {26--45},
}

























@book{brown_sister_2021,
	title = {Sister {Style}: {The} {Politics} of {Appearance} for {Black} {Women} {Political} {Elites}},
	isbn = {978-0-19-754057-2},
	shorttitle = {Sister {Style}},
	url = {https://academic.oup.com/book/39392},
	abstract = {They don't think I'm viable, because I'm a Black woman with natural hair and no husband. This comment was made by Stacey Abrams shortly before the 2018 Democratic primary after she became the first Black woman to win a majory party's nomination for governor. Abrams' sentiment reflects thewider environment for Black women in politics, in which racist and sexist cultural ideas have long led Black women to be demeaned and fetishized for their physical appearance. In Sister Style, Nadia E. Brown and Danielle Casarez Lemi argue that Black women's political experience and the way that voters evaluate them is shaped overtly by their skin tone and hair texture, with hair being a particular point of scrutiny. They ask what the politics of appearance for Blackwomen mean for Black women politicians and Black voters, and how expectations about self-presentation differ for Black women versus Black men, White men, and White women. Black women running for office face pressure, often from campaign consultants and even close colleagues, to change their style inorder to look more like White women. However, as this book shows, Black women candidates and elected officials react differently to these pressures depending on factors like age and incumbency. Moreover, Brown and Lemi delve into the ways in which Black voters react to Black female candidates basedon appearance. They base their argument, in part, on focus groups with Black women candidates and elected officials, and show that there are generational differences that determine what sorts of styles Black women choose to adopt and to what extent they change their physical appearance based onexternal expectations.},
	language = {en},
	publisher = {Oxford University Press},
	author = {Brown, Nadia E. and Lemi, Danielle Casarez},
	year = {2021},
	note = {Google-Books-ID: vvYTEAAAQBAJ},
	keywords = {Political Science / Comparative Politics, Social Science / Gender Studies, Social Science / Women's Studies},
}





@book{brown_sisters_2014,
	title = {Sisters in the {Statehouse}: {Black} {Women} and {Legislative} {Decision} {Making}},
	isbn = {978-0-19-935243-2},
	shorttitle = {Sisters in the {Statehouse}},
	url = {https://academic.oup.com/book/2024},
	abstract = {Theories of descriptive representation among female legislators consistently document the ways in which women are marginalized in office. However, they tend to treat identity as constant over time and context and so fail to account for the substantive work of legislators. Sisters in the Statehouse looks at the situation from a different angle, taking an in-depth look at African American female state legislators to examine the impact of race and gender on Black women's political experiences, policy preferences, and legislative influence. Brown links personal narratives to the political behavior of her interview subjects to understand how their experiences with racism and sexism have influenced their legislative decision-making and policy preferences. As such, this is the first study that empirically examines how difference is recognized and put into practice among Black women legislators. Brown demonstrates that identity influences political decision making in ways that distinguish the work of Black women from that of other state legislators. Sisters in the Statehouse is a groundbreaking inquiry into how an intersectional approach can enhance our understanding of political representation.},
	language = {en},
	publisher = {Oxford University Press},
	author = {Brown, Nadia E.},
	year = {2014},
	note = {Google-Books-ID: 9M7QAgAAQBAJ},
	keywords = {POLITICAL SCIENCE / Political Process / General, POLITICAL SCIENCE / Public Affairs \& Administration, Political Science / Comparative Politics, Political Science / General, Political Science / Women in Politics, Social Science / Discrimination, Social Science / Ethnic Studies / American / African American \& Black Studies, Social Science / Women's Studies},
}





@book{brown_politics_2020,
	address = {London},
	title = {The {Politics} of {Protest}: {Readings} on the {Black} {Lives} {Matter} {Movement}},
	isbn = {978-1-00-311972-2},
	shorttitle = {The {Politics} of {Protest}},
	abstract = {This collection provides a deep engagement with the political implication of Black Lives Matter. This book covers a broad range of topics using a variety of methods and epistemological approaches.
In the twenty-first century, the killings of Black Americans have sparked a movement to end the brutality against Black bodies. In 2013, \#BlackLivesMatter would become a movement-building project led by Alicia Garza, Patrisse Cullors, and Opal Tometi. This movement began after the acquittal of George Zimmerman, who murdered 17-year-old Trayvon Martin. The movement has continued to fight for racial justice and has experienced a resurgence following the 2020 slayings of Ahmaud Arbery, George Floyd, Breonna Taylor, Sean Reed, Tony McDade, and David McAtee among others. The continued protests raise questions about how we can end this vicious cycle and lead Blacks to a state of normalcy in the United States. In other words, how can we make any advances made by Black Lives Matter stick?
The chapters in this book were originally published in the journal Politics, Groups, and Identities.},
	publisher = {Routledge},
	editor = {Brown, Nadia E. and Jr, Ray Block and Stout, Christopher},
	month = dec,
	year = {2020},
	doi = {10.4324/9781003119722},
}





@book{brown_distinct_2023,
	address = {New York},
	edition = {2},
	title = {Distinct {Identities}: {Minority} {Women} in {U}.{S}. {Politics}},
	isbn = {978-1-00-329703-1},
	shorttitle = {Distinct {Identities}},
	url = {https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/edit/10.4324/9781003297031/distinct-identities-nadia-brown-sarah-allen-gershon},
	abstract = {The second edition of Distinct Identities continues to provide a sophisticated yet accessible introduction to the complexities of the politics, social structures, and cultural contexts that animate how women of color engage in and shape U.S. politics. Keeping the structure of the original volume, this text represents the diverse and innovative scholarship being conducted in this field while covering the core topics in gender politics.
What’s New:

Chapters on queer women of color and the role of women of color and social movements.
Chapters on the strategies that women of color use to run for office, where they run, political newcomers (Asian and Indigenous women).
Chapters on the experiences of women of color office holders.
Chapters on policy analysis and the media’s role in shaping the political agenda of women of color political elites.
Distinct Identities pushes the boundaries of traditional intersectional scholarship and responds to America’s rapidly diversifying demographics and political culture. It reflects cutting-edge scholarship and provides readers with insight into where the field of women of color politics will head in the coming years.},
	publisher = {Routledge},
	editor = {Brown, Nadia E. and Gershon, Sarah Allen},
	month = jul,
	year = {2023},
	doi = {10.4324/9781003297031},
}

















@article{bevir_concept_2008,
	title = {Concept {Formation} in {Political} {Science}: {An} {Anti}-{Naturalist} {Critique} of {Qualitative} {Methodology}},
	volume = {6},
	shorttitle = {Concept {Formation} in {Political} {Science}},
	url = {https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0d29c21x},
	abstract = {Author(s): Bevir, Mark; Kedar, Asaf},
	language = {en},
	urldate = {2024-08-09},
	journal = {Perspectives on Politics},
	author = {Bevir, Mark and Kedar, Asaf},
	year = {2008},
	pages = {503--517},
}





@book{berman_approaching_2023,
	address = {New York},
	edition = {10},
	title = {Approaching {Democracy}: {American} {Government} in {Times} of {Challenge}},
	isbn = {978-1-00-330399-2},
	shorttitle = {Approaching {Democracy}},
	abstract = {Democracy cannot be taken for granted, whether at home or internationally, and eternal vigilance (along with civic intelligence) is required to protect it. Approaching Democracy provides students with a framework to analyze the structure, process, and action of US government, institutions, and social movements. It also invites comparison with other countries. This globalizing perspective gives students an understanding of issues of governance and challenges to democracy here and elsewhere. At a moment of political hyper-partisanship, economic tensions, media misinformation, hyper-partisanship, and anxieties about the future of civil rights, this is the ideal time to introduce Approaching Democracy--a textbook based on Vaclav Havel’s powerful metaphor of democracy as an ideal and the American experiment as the closest approach to it--to a new generation of political science undergraduate students.
NEW TO THE TENTH EDITION

Updated to reflect the results of the 2022 midterm elections and explore the implications of Congressional redistricting, voting suppression, and voting rights legislation
Covers the first two years of the Biden administration and provides a thorough retrospective on the Trump presidency—including updates on the January 6 Commission findings and the Justice department’s investigation into Trump’s alleged misappropriation of classified government documents
Presents the developments on the Supreme Court including the appointment of its two newest justices and major recent decisions including controversial rulings on reproductive health, the separation of church and state, and the environment
Explores the revival of NATO and other international alliances in the context of the Russian invasion of Ukraine
New and updated material has also been provided regarding gun control, healthcare, labor rights, immigration, economic policy, COVID-19’s lingering impacts, and the ongoing struggle for social and racial justice in America},
	publisher = {Routledge},
	author = {Berman, Larry and Murphy, Bruce and Brown, Nadia and Gershon, Sarah},
	month = aug,
	year = {2023},
	doi = {10.4324/9781003303992},
}









@article{beach_great_2020,
	title = {The {Great} {Divides}: {Incommensurability}, the {Impossibility} of {Mixed}-{Methodology}, and {What} to {Do} about {It}},
	volume = {22},
	issn = {1521-9488},
	shorttitle = {The {Great} {Divides}},
	url = {https://doi.org/10.1093/isr/viaa016},
	doi = {10.1093/isr/viaa016},
	abstract = {There is still significant confusion about how multimethod research can be undertaken and even if it is possible. The article makes the claims that much of the confusion is the result of a failure to distinguish between multimethod and multimethodology research. We argue that there are at least three different methodological languages: variance-based, case-based, and interpretivist. The article starts by discussing the ontological and epistemological foundations underlying the three different methodologies that result in them making very different types of claims evidenced with very different empirical material. Variance-based methodologies assesses mean causal effects across a set of cases, whereas case-based methodologies focus on how a causal process works within a case. Markedly different from the causally oriented variance- and case-bases approaches, interpretivist research ask questions about human meaning-making in specific contexts. While the claim of methodological incommensurability is not a new claim, the contribution we make in this article is to unpack more clearly the irreconcilable differences that exist across the three methodologies and how they play out in international studies scholarship, and to provide suggestions for what we can do about it.},
	number = {2},
	urldate = {2024-08-09},
	journal = {International Studies Review},
	author = {Beach, Derek and Kaas, Jonas Gejl},
	month = jun,
	year = {2020},
	pages = {214--235},
}




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Parkinson \\textbar Paperback.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Parkinson, S. E.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  Cornell University Press, January 2023.\n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"https://www.cornellpress.cornell.edu/book/9781501767142/beyond-the-lines/\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('parkinson-beyondthelinesbysaraheparkinsontextbarpaperback-2023', 'https://www.cornellpress.cornell.edu/book/9781501767142/beyond-the-lines/', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"Beyond the Lines by Sarah E. Parkinson \\textbar Paperback [link]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/parkinson-beyondthelinesbysaraheparkinsontextbarpaperback-2023\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('parkinson-beyondthelinesbysaraheparkinsontextbarpaperback-2023')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@book{parkinson_beyond_2023,\n\ttitle = {Beyond the {Lines} by {Sarah} {E}. {Parkinson} {\\textbar} {Paperback}},\n\tisbn = {978-1-5017-6714-2},\n\turl = {https://www.cornellpress.cornell.edu/book/9781501767142/beyond-the-lines/},\n\tabstract = {Beyond the Lines explores the social underpinnings of rebel adaptation and resilience. How do rebel groups cope with crises such as repression, displacement, and fragmentation? What explains changes...},\n\tlanguage = {en-US},\n\turldate = {2024-08-14},\n\tpublisher = {Cornell University Press},\n\tauthor = {Parkinson, Sarah E.},\n\tmonth = jan,\n\tyear = {2023},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  Beyond the Lines explores the social underpinnings of rebel adaptation and resilience. How do rebel groups cope with crises such as repression, displacement, and fragmentation? What explains changes...\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"mathieu-sovereigntyandthedenialofinternationalequalitywritingcivilisationaldifferenceinearlymoderninternationalrelations-2023\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"https://www.routledge.com/Sovereignty-and-the-Denial-of-International-Equality-Writing-Civilisational-Difference-in-Early-Modern-International-Relations/Mathieu/p/book/9781032020440\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'mathieu-sovereigntyandthedenialofinternationalequalitywritingcivilisationaldifferenceinearlymoderninternationalrelations-2023', 'https://www.routledge.com/Sovereignty-and-the-Denial-of-International-Equality-Writing-Civilisational-Difference-in-Early-Modern-International-Relations/Mathieu/p/book/9781032020440', event);\">\n    Sovereignty and the Denial of International Equality: Writing Civilisational Difference in Early Modern International Relations.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Mathieu, X.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  Routledge, May 2023.\n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"https://www.routledge.com/Sovereignty-and-the-Denial-of-International-Equality-Writing-Civilisational-Difference-in-Early-Modern-International-Relations/Mathieu/p/book/9781032020440\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('mathieu-sovereigntyandthedenialofinternationalequalitywritingcivilisationaldifferenceinearlymoderninternationalrelations-2023', 'https://www.routledge.com/Sovereignty-and-the-Denial-of-International-Equality-Writing-Civilisational-Difference-in-Early-Modern-International-Relations/Mathieu/p/book/9781032020440', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"Sovereignty and the Denial of International Equality: Writing Civilisational Difference in Early Modern International Relations [link]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/mathieu-sovereigntyandthedenialofinternationalequalitywritingcivilisationaldifferenceinearlymoderninternationalrelations-2023\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('mathieu-sovereigntyandthedenialofinternationalequalitywritingcivilisationaldifferenceinearlymoderninternationalrelations-2023')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@book{mathieu_sovereignty_2023,\n\ttitle = {Sovereignty and the {Denial} of {International} {Equality}: {Writing} {Civilisational} {Difference} in {Early} {Modern} {International} {Relations}},\n\tisbn = {978-1-03-202044-0},\n\tshorttitle = {Sovereignty and the {Denial} of {International} {Equality}},\n\turl = {https://www.routledge.com/Sovereignty-and-the-Denial-of-International-Equality-Writing-Civilisational-Difference-in-Early-Modern-International-Relations/Mathieu/p/book/9781032020440},\n\tabstract = {This book asks whether sovereignty can guarantee international equality by exploring the discourses of sovereignty and their reliance on the notions of civilisation and savagery in two historical colonial encounters: the French explorations of Canada in the 16th century and the domestic troubles linked to the Wars of Religion.\nPresenting the concept of ‘civilised sovereignty’, Mathieu reveals the interplay between the domestic and external claims to sovereignty, and offers a dynamic analysis},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\turldate = {2024-08-14},\n\tpublisher = {Routledge},\n\tauthor = {Mathieu, Xavier},\n\tmonth = may,\n\tyear = {2023},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  This book asks whether sovereignty can guarantee international equality by exploring the discourses of sovereignty and their reliance on the notions of civilisation and savagery in two historical colonial encounters: the French explorations of Canada in the 16th century and the domestic troubles linked to the Wars of Religion. Presenting the concept of ‘civilised sovereignty’, Mathieu reveals the interplay between the domestic and external claims to sovereignty, and offers a dynamic analysis\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"salter-mutlu-frowd-researchmethodsincriticalsecuritystudiesanintroduction-2023\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003108016\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'salter-mutlu-frowd-researchmethodsincriticalsecuritystudiesanintroduction-2023', 'https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003108016', event);\">\n    Research Methods in Critical Security Studies: An Introduction.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Salter, M. B.; Mutlu, C. E.;  and Frowd, P. M.,\n  editors.\n  \n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  Routledge, London, 2 edition, May 2023.\n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003108016\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('salter-mutlu-frowd-researchmethodsincriticalsecuritystudiesanintroduction-2023', 'https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003108016', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"Research Methods in Critical Security Studies: An Introduction [link]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.org/10.4324/9781003108016\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('salter-mutlu-frowd-researchmethodsincriticalsecuritystudiesanintroduction-2023', 'http://doi.org/10.4324/9781003108016', event.ctrlKey)\"\n     class=\"bibbase doi link\">\n    <span>doi</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/salter-mutlu-frowd-researchmethodsincriticalsecuritystudiesanintroduction-2023\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('salter-mutlu-frowd-researchmethodsincriticalsecuritystudiesanintroduction-2023')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@book{salter_research_2023,\n\taddress = {London},\n\tedition = {2},\n\ttitle = {Research {Methods} in {Critical} {Security} {Studies}: {An} {Introduction}},\n\tisbn = {978-1-00-310801-6},\n\tshorttitle = {Research {Methods} in {Critical} {Security} {Studies}},\n\turl = {https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003108016},\n\tabstract = {This textbook surveys new and emergent methods for doing research in critical security studies, filling a gap in the literature. The second edition has been},\n\tpublisher = {Routledge},\n\teditor = {Salter, Mark B. and Mutlu, Can E. and Frowd, Philippe M.},\n\tmonth = may,\n\tyear = {2023},\n\tdoi = {10.4324/9781003108016},\n}\n\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  This textbook surveys new and emergent methods for doing research in critical security studies, filling a gap in the literature. The second edition has been\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"brown-gershon-distinctidentitiesminoritywomeninuspolitics-2023\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/edit/10.4324/9781003297031/distinct-identities-nadia-brown-sarah-allen-gershon\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'brown-gershon-distinctidentitiesminoritywomeninuspolitics-2023', 'https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/edit/10.4324/9781003297031/distinct-identities-nadia-brown-sarah-allen-gershon', event);\">\n    Distinct Identities: Minority Women in U.S. Politics.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Brown, N. E.;  and Gershon, S. A.,\n  editors.\n  \n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  Routledge, New York, 2 edition, July 2023.\n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/edit/10.4324/9781003297031/distinct-identities-nadia-brown-sarah-allen-gershon\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('brown-gershon-distinctidentitiesminoritywomeninuspolitics-2023', 'https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/edit/10.4324/9781003297031/distinct-identities-nadia-brown-sarah-allen-gershon', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"Distinct Identities: Minority Women in U.S. Politics [link]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.org/10.4324/9781003297031\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('brown-gershon-distinctidentitiesminoritywomeninuspolitics-2023', 'http://doi.org/10.4324/9781003297031', event.ctrlKey)\"\n     class=\"bibbase doi link\">\n    <span>doi</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/brown-gershon-distinctidentitiesminoritywomeninuspolitics-2023\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('brown-gershon-distinctidentitiesminoritywomeninuspolitics-2023')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@book{brown_distinct_2023,\n\taddress = {New York},\n\tedition = {2},\n\ttitle = {Distinct {Identities}: {Minority} {Women} in {U}.{S}. {Politics}},\n\tisbn = {978-1-00-329703-1},\n\tshorttitle = {Distinct {Identities}},\n\turl = {https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/edit/10.4324/9781003297031/distinct-identities-nadia-brown-sarah-allen-gershon},\n\tabstract = {The second edition of Distinct Identities continues to provide a sophisticated yet accessible introduction to the complexities of the politics, social structures, and cultural contexts that animate how women of color engage in and shape U.S. politics. Keeping the structure of the original volume, this text represents the diverse and innovative scholarship being conducted in this field while covering the core topics in gender politics.\nWhat’s New:\n\nChapters on queer women of color and the role of women of color and social movements.\nChapters on the strategies that women of color use to run for office, where they run, political newcomers (Asian and Indigenous women).\nChapters on the experiences of women of color office holders.\nChapters on policy analysis and the media’s role in shaping the political agenda of women of color political elites.\nDistinct Identities pushes the boundaries of traditional intersectional scholarship and responds to America’s rapidly diversifying demographics and political culture. It reflects cutting-edge scholarship and provides readers with insight into where the field of women of color politics will head in the coming years.},\n\tpublisher = {Routledge},\n\teditor = {Brown, Nadia E. and Gershon, Sarah Allen},\n\tmonth = jul,\n\tyear = {2023},\n\tdoi = {10.4324/9781003297031},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  The second edition of Distinct Identities continues to provide a sophisticated yet accessible introduction to the complexities of the politics, social structures, and cultural contexts that animate how women of color engage in and shape U.S. politics. Keeping the structure of the original volume, this text represents the diverse and innovative scholarship being conducted in this field while covering the core topics in gender politics. What’s New: Chapters on queer women of color and the role of women of color and social movements. Chapters on the strategies that women of color use to run for office, where they run, political newcomers (Asian and Indigenous women). Chapters on the experiences of women of color office holders. Chapters on policy analysis and the media’s role in shaping the political agenda of women of color political elites. Distinct Identities pushes the boundaries of traditional intersectional scholarship and responds to America’s rapidly diversifying demographics and political culture. It reflects cutting-edge scholarship and provides readers with insight into where the field of women of color politics will head in the coming years.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"berman-murphy-brown-gershon-approachingdemocracyamericangovernmentintimesofchallenge-2023\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  Approaching Democracy: American Government in Times of Challenge.\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Berman, L.; Murphy, B.; Brown, N.;  and Gershon, S.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  Routledge, New York, 10 edition, August 2023.\n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.org/10.4324/9781003303992\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('berman-murphy-brown-gershon-approachingdemocracyamericangovernmentintimesofchallenge-2023', 'http://doi.org/10.4324/9781003303992', event.ctrlKey)\"\n     class=\"bibbase doi link\">\n    <span>doi</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/berman-murphy-brown-gershon-approachingdemocracyamericangovernmentintimesofchallenge-2023\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('berman-murphy-brown-gershon-approachingdemocracyamericangovernmentintimesofchallenge-2023')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@book{berman_approaching_2023,\n\taddress = {New York},\n\tedition = {10},\n\ttitle = {Approaching {Democracy}: {American} {Government} in {Times} of {Challenge}},\n\tisbn = {978-1-00-330399-2},\n\tshorttitle = {Approaching {Democracy}},\n\tabstract = {Democracy cannot be taken for granted, whether at home or internationally, and eternal vigilance (along with civic intelligence) is required to protect it. Approaching Democracy provides students with a framework to analyze the structure, process, and action of US government, institutions, and social movements. It also invites comparison with other countries. This globalizing perspective gives students an understanding of issues of governance and challenges to democracy here and elsewhere. At a moment of political hyper-partisanship, economic tensions, media misinformation, hyper-partisanship, and anxieties about the future of civil rights, this is the ideal time to introduce Approaching Democracy--a textbook based on Vaclav Havel’s powerful metaphor of democracy as an ideal and the American experiment as the closest approach to it--to a new generation of political science undergraduate students.\nNEW TO THE TENTH EDITION\n\nUpdated to reflect the results of the 2022 midterm elections and explore the implications of Congressional redistricting, voting suppression, and voting rights legislation\nCovers the first two years of the Biden administration and provides a thorough retrospective on the Trump presidency—including updates on the January 6 Commission findings and the Justice department’s investigation into Trump’s alleged misappropriation of classified government documents\nPresents the developments on the Supreme Court including the appointment of its two newest justices and major recent decisions including controversial rulings on reproductive health, the separation of church and state, and the environment\nExplores the revival of NATO and other international alliances in the context of the Russian invasion of Ukraine\nNew and updated material has also been provided regarding gun control, healthcare, labor rights, immigration, economic policy, COVID-19’s lingering impacts, and the ongoing struggle for social and racial justice in America},\n\tpublisher = {Routledge},\n\tauthor = {Berman, Larry and Murphy, Bruce and Brown, Nadia and Gershon, Sarah},\n\tmonth = aug,\n\tyear = {2023},\n\tdoi = {10.4324/9781003303992},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  Democracy cannot be taken for granted, whether at home or internationally, and eternal vigilance (along with civic intelligence) is required to protect it. Approaching Democracy provides students with a framework to analyze the structure, process, and action of US government, institutions, and social movements. It also invites comparison with other countries. This globalizing perspective gives students an understanding of issues of governance and challenges to democracy here and elsewhere. At a moment of political hyper-partisanship, economic tensions, media misinformation, hyper-partisanship, and anxieties about the future of civil rights, this is the ideal time to introduce Approaching Democracy–a textbook based on Vaclav Havel’s powerful metaphor of democracy as an ideal and the American experiment as the closest approach to it–to a new generation of political science undergraduate students. NEW TO THE TENTH EDITION Updated to reflect the results of the 2022 midterm elections and explore the implications of Congressional redistricting, voting suppression, and voting rights legislation Covers the first two years of the Biden administration and provides a thorough retrospective on the Trump presidency—including updates on the January 6 Commission findings and the Justice department’s investigation into Trump’s alleged misappropriation of classified government documents Presents the developments on the Supreme Court including the appointment of its two newest justices and major recent decisions including controversial rulings on reproductive health, the separation of church and state, and the environment Explores the revival of NATO and other international alliances in the context of the Russian invasion of Ukraine New and updated material has also been provided regarding gun control, healthcare, labor rights, immigration, economic policy, COVID-19’s lingering impacts, and the ongoing struggle for social and racial justice in America\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n\n\n\n    </div>\n  </div>\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_group_whole\" id=\"group_2022\">\n    <div class=\"bibbase_group\"\n      onclick=\"toggleGroup('group_2022')\"\n      onkeypress=\"toggleGroup('group_2022')\"\n      tabindex=\"0\">\n      <i class=\"fa fa-angle-down bibbase_group_head_icon\"></i>&nbsp;\n      <span>2022</span>\n      <span class=\"bibbase_group_count\">\n        \n        (14)\n        \n      </span>\n    </div>\n    <div class=\"bibbase_group_body\">\n      \n  \n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"godrej-freedominsideyogaandmeditationinthecarceralstate-2022\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"https://global.oup.com/academic/product/freedom-inside-9780190070090\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'godrej-freedominsideyogaandmeditationinthecarceralstate-2022', 'https://global.oup.com/academic/product/freedom-inside-9780190070090', event);\">\n    Freedom Inside? Yoga and Meditation in the Carceral State.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Godrej, F.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  Oxford University Press, July 2022.\n  <span class=\"note\">Cc: us Lang: en Tab: overview</span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"https://global.oup.com/academic/product/freedom-inside-9780190070090\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('godrej-freedominsideyogaandmeditationinthecarceralstate-2022', 'https://global.oup.com/academic/product/freedom-inside-9780190070090', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"Freedom Inside? Yoga and Meditation in the Carceral State [link]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/godrej-freedominsideyogaandmeditationinthecarceralstate-2022\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('godrej-freedominsideyogaandmeditationinthecarceralstate-2022')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@book{godrej_freedom_2022,\n\ttitle = {Freedom {Inside}? {Yoga} and {Meditation} in the {Carceral} {State}},\n\tisbn = {978-0-19-007009-0},\n\turl = {https://global.oup.com/academic/product/freedom-inside-9780190070090},\n\tabstract = {An estimated forty million people in the United States regularly practice yoga, and as an industry it generates over nine billion dollars annually. A major reason for its popularity is its promise of mental and physical well-being: yoga and meditation are thought to be spiritual paths to self-improvement. Yoga is also widely practiced in prisons, another large business in the United States. Prisons in all fifty states offer yoga and meditation as a form of rehabilitation.},\n\tlanguage = {en\\_GB},\n\turldate = {2024-08-14},\n\tpublisher = {Oxford University Press},\n\tauthor = {Godrej, Farah},\n\tmonth = jul,\n\tyear = {2022},\n\tnote = {Cc: us\nLang: en\nTab: overview},\n}\n\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  An estimated forty million people in the United States regularly practice yoga, and as an industry it generates over nine billion dollars annually. A major reason for its popularity is its promise of mental and physical well-being: yoga and meditation are thought to be spiritual paths to self-improvement. Yoga is also widely practiced in prisons, another large business in the United States. Prisons in all fifty states offer yoga and meditation as a form of rehabilitation.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"li-marriageunboundstatelawpowerandinequalityincontemporarychina-2022\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  Marriage Unbound: State Law, Power, and Inequality in Contemporary China.\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Li, K.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  Stanford University Press, Stanford,  2022.\n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/li-marriageunboundstatelawpowerandinequalityincontemporarychina-2022\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('li-marriageunboundstatelawpowerandinequalityincontemporarychina-2022')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@book{li_marriage_2022,\n\taddress = {Stanford},\n\ttitle = {Marriage {Unbound}: {State} {Law}, {Power}, and {Inequality} in {Contemporary} {China}},\n\tisbn = {978-1-5036-1314-0},\n\tshorttitle = {Marriage {Unbound}},\n\tabstract = {China after Mao has undergone vast transformations, including massive rural-to-urban migration, rising divorce rates, and the steady expansion of the country&#x27;s legal system. Today, divorce may appear a private concern, when in fact it is a profoundly political matter—especially in a national context where marriage was and has continued to be a key vehicle for nation-state building. Marriage Unbound focuses on the politics of divorce cases in contemporary China, following a group of women seeking judicial remedies for conjugal grievances and disputes.Drawing on extensive archival and ethnographic data, paired with unprecedented access to rural Chinese courtrooms, Ke Li presents not only a stirring portrayal of how these women navigate divorce litigation, but also a uniquely in-depth account of the modern Chinese legal system. With sensitive and fluid prose, Li reveals the struggles between the powerful and the powerless at the front lines of dispute management; the complex interplay between culture and the state; and insidious statecraft that far too often sacrifices women&#x27;s rights and interests. Ultimately, this book shows how women&#x27;s legal mobilization and rights contention can forge new ground for our understanding of law, politics, and inequality in an authoritarian regime.},\n\tpublisher = {Stanford University Press},\n\tauthor = {Li, Ke},\n\tyear = {2022},\n\tkeywords = {Asian Studies, Law -- Race and Gender, Politics -- Comparative Politics, Sociology -- Gender and Sexuality},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  China after Mao has undergone vast transformations, including massive rural-to-urban migration, rising divorce rates, and the steady expansion of the country's legal system. Today, divorce may appear a private concern, when in fact it is a profoundly political matter—especially in a national context where marriage was and has continued to be a key vehicle for nation-state building. Marriage Unbound focuses on the politics of divorce cases in contemporary China, following a group of women seeking judicial remedies for conjugal grievances and disputes.Drawing on extensive archival and ethnographic data, paired with unprecedented access to rural Chinese courtrooms, Ke Li presents not only a stirring portrayal of how these women navigate divorce litigation, but also a uniquely in-depth account of the modern Chinese legal system. With sensitive and fluid prose, Li reveals the struggles between the powerful and the powerless at the front lines of dispute management; the complex interplay between culture and the state; and insidious statecraft that far too often sacrifices women's rights and interests. Ultimately, this book shows how women's legal mobilization and rights contention can forge new ground for our understanding of law, politics, and inequality in an authoritarian regime.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"school-adminrsssanueduau-ametacategoricalframeworkforrelationalpolicytheoryreimaginingthemultiplestreamsframeworknickturnbull-2022\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"https://politicsir.cass.anu.edu.au/events/meta-categorical-framework-relational-policy-theory-re-imagining-multiple-streams\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'school-adminrsssanueduau-ametacategoricalframeworkforrelationalpolicytheoryreimaginingthemultiplestreamsframeworknickturnbull-2022', 'https://politicsir.cass.anu.edu.au/events/meta-categorical-framework-relational-policy-theory-re-imagining-multiple-streams', event);\">\n    A meta-categorical framework for relational policy theory: re-imagining the Multiple Streams Framework (Nick Turnbull).\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  School, H. o.;  and admin.rsss@anu.edu.au\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  February 2022.\n  <span class=\"note\">Last Modified: 2022-08-29T14:20:13+10:00 Publisher: The Australian National University</span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"https://politicsir.cass.anu.edu.au/events/meta-categorical-framework-relational-policy-theory-re-imagining-multiple-streams\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('school-adminrsssanueduau-ametacategoricalframeworkforrelationalpolicytheoryreimaginingthemultiplestreamsframeworknickturnbull-2022', 'https://politicsir.cass.anu.edu.au/events/meta-categorical-framework-relational-policy-theory-re-imagining-multiple-streams', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"A meta-categorical framework for relational policy theory: re-imagining the Multiple Streams Framework (Nick Turnbull) [link]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/school-adminrsssanueduau-ametacategoricalframeworkforrelationalpolicytheoryreimaginingthemultiplestreamsframeworknickturnbull-2022\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('school-adminrsssanueduau-ametacategoricalframeworkforrelationalpolicytheoryreimaginingthemultiplestreamsframeworknickturnbull-2022')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@misc{school_meta-categorical_2022,\n\ttitle = {A meta-categorical framework for relational policy theory: re-imagining the {Multiple} {Streams} {Framework} ({Nick} {Turnbull})},\n\tcopyright = {http://www.anu.edu.au/copyright/},\n\tshorttitle = {A meta-categorical framework for relational policy theory},\n\turl = {https://politicsir.cass.anu.edu.au/events/meta-categorical-framework-relational-policy-theory-re-imagining-multiple-streams},\n\tabstract = {Tripartite theoretical frameworks and metaphors are common in policy theory. We argue that these frameworks have been misapplied, being construed ontologically when they are, in fact, categories of questions. The ontological reading generates a theoretical obstacle in presupposing an assumption of independence of the three categories. We illustrate this in the case of the Multiple Streams Framework. A philosophical analysis rejects the ontological reading to ground the tripartite framework in a generalized meta-categorical framework, grounded in questioning and argumentation.},\n\tlanguage = {en-AU},\n\turldate = {2024-08-14},\n\tjournal = {School of Politics \\&amp; International Relations},\n\tauthor = {School, Head of and admin.rsss@anu.edu.au},\n\tmonth = feb,\n\tyear = {2022},\n\tnote = {Last Modified: 2022-08-29T14:20:13+10:00\nPublisher: The Australian National University},\n}\n\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  Tripartite theoretical frameworks and metaphors are common in policy theory. We argue that these frameworks have been misapplied, being construed ontologically when they are, in fact, categories of questions. The ontological reading generates a theoretical obstacle in presupposing an assumption of independence of the three categories. We illustrate this in the case of the Multiple Streams Framework. A philosophical analysis rejects the ontological reading to ground the tripartite framework in a generalized meta-categorical framework, grounded in questioning and argumentation.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"school-adminrsssanueduau-threefacesofrevolutionegyptandotherplacesmonaelghobashy-2022\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"https://politicsir.cass.anu.edu.au/events/three-faces-revolution-egypt-and-other-places-mona-el-ghobashy\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'school-adminrsssanueduau-threefacesofrevolutionegyptandotherplacesmonaelghobashy-2022', 'https://politicsir.cass.anu.edu.au/events/three-faces-revolution-egypt-and-other-places-mona-el-ghobashy', event);\">\n    Three Faces of Revolution: Egypt and Other Places (Mona El-Ghobashy).\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  School, H. o.;  and admin.rsss@anu.edu.au\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  February 2022.\n  <span class=\"note\">Last Modified: 2022-08-29T14:08:44+10:00 Publisher: The Australian National University</span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"https://politicsir.cass.anu.edu.au/events/three-faces-revolution-egypt-and-other-places-mona-el-ghobashy\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('school-adminrsssanueduau-threefacesofrevolutionegyptandotherplacesmonaelghobashy-2022', 'https://politicsir.cass.anu.edu.au/events/three-faces-revolution-egypt-and-other-places-mona-el-ghobashy', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"Three Faces of Revolution: Egypt and Other Places (Mona El-Ghobashy) [link]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/school-adminrsssanueduau-threefacesofrevolutionegyptandotherplacesmonaelghobashy-2022\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('school-adminrsssanueduau-threefacesofrevolutionegyptandotherplacesmonaelghobashy-2022')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@misc{school_three_2022,\n\ttitle = {Three {Faces} of {Revolution}: {Egypt} and {Other} {Places} ({Mona} {El}-{Ghobashy})},\n\tcopyright = {http://www.anu.edu.au/copyright/},\n\tshorttitle = {Three {Faces} of {Revolution}},\n\turl = {https://politicsir.cass.anu.edu.au/events/three-faces-revolution-egypt-and-other-places-mona-el-ghobashy},\n\tabstract = {The Arab uprisings of 2010-11 renewed scholarly interest in revolutions as a conceptual category. At the same time, ‘democratic transition’ was also widely used to analyze post-authoritarian polities. However, faced with the daunting complexity and breakneck speed of regional events, analysts began framing them in terms of absences, failures, and dysfunctions. It was common to write of the uprisings as inauthentic revolutions or failed democratic transitions.},\n\tlanguage = {en-AU},\n\turldate = {2024-08-14},\n\tjournal = {School of Politics \\&amp; International Relations},\n\tauthor = {School, Head of and admin.rsss@anu.edu.au},\n\tmonth = feb,\n\tyear = {2022},\n\tnote = {Last Modified: 2022-08-29T14:08:44+10:00\nPublisher: The Australian National University},\n}\n\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  The Arab uprisings of 2010-11 renewed scholarly interest in revolutions as a conceptual category. At the same time, ‘democratic transition’ was also widely used to analyze post-authoritarian polities. However, faced with the daunting complexity and breakneck speed of regional events, analysts began framing them in terms of absences, failures, and dysfunctions. It was common to write of the uprisings as inauthentic revolutions or failed democratic transitions.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"school-adminrsssanueduau-howistudiedantiamericanismreflectionsoninterpretivismeclecticismandcoherenceedwardschatz-2022\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"https://politicsir.cass.anu.edu.au/events/how-i-studied-anti-americanism-reflections-interpretivism-eclecticism-and-coherence\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'school-adminrsssanueduau-howistudiedantiamericanismreflectionsoninterpretivismeclecticismandcoherenceedwardschatz-2022', 'https://politicsir.cass.anu.edu.au/events/how-i-studied-anti-americanism-reflections-interpretivism-eclecticism-and-coherence', event);\">\n    How I Studied Anti-Americanism: Reflections on Interpretivism, Eclecticism, and Coherence (Edward Schatz).\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  School, H. o.;  and admin.rsss@anu.edu.au\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  February 2022.\n  <span class=\"note\">Last Modified: 2022-08-24T12:43:43+10:00 Publisher: The Australian National University</span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"https://politicsir.cass.anu.edu.au/events/how-i-studied-anti-americanism-reflections-interpretivism-eclecticism-and-coherence\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('school-adminrsssanueduau-howistudiedantiamericanismreflectionsoninterpretivismeclecticismandcoherenceedwardschatz-2022', 'https://politicsir.cass.anu.edu.au/events/how-i-studied-anti-americanism-reflections-interpretivism-eclecticism-and-coherence', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"How I Studied Anti-Americanism: Reflections on Interpretivism, Eclecticism, and Coherence (Edward Schatz) [link]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/school-adminrsssanueduau-howistudiedantiamericanismreflectionsoninterpretivismeclecticismandcoherenceedwardschatz-2022\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('school-adminrsssanueduau-howistudiedantiamericanismreflectionsoninterpretivismeclecticismandcoherenceedwardschatz-2022')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@misc{school_how_2022,\n\ttitle = {How {I} {Studied} {Anti}-{Americanism}: {Reflections} on {Interpretivism}, {Eclecticism}, and {Coherence} ({Edward} {Schatz})},\n\tcopyright = {http://www.anu.edu.au/copyright/},\n\tshorttitle = {How {I} {Studied} {Anti}-{Americanism}},\n\turl = {https://politicsir.cass.anu.edu.au/events/how-i-studied-anti-americanism-reflections-interpretivism-eclecticism-and-coherence},\n\tabstract = {How can social science research do justice to polysemy, ambiguity, dynamism, recursivity, indeterminacy, and contingency while making substantive, coherent truth-claims? In this talk, Edward Schatz reflects on the entirely messy processes that helped to produce his recent book Slow Anti-Americanism: Symbolic Politics and Social Movements in Central Asia (Stanford, 2021).},\n\tlanguage = {en-AU},\n\turldate = {2024-08-14},\n\tjournal = {School of Politics \\&amp; International Relations},\n\tauthor = {School, Head of and admin.rsss@anu.edu.au},\n\tmonth = feb,\n\tyear = {2022},\n\tnote = {Last Modified: 2022-08-24T12:43:43+10:00\nPublisher: The Australian National University},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  How can social science research do justice to polysemy, ambiguity, dynamism, recursivity, indeterminacy, and contingency while making substantive, coherent truth-claims? In this talk, Edward Schatz reflects on the entirely messy processes that helped to produce his recent book Slow Anti-Americanism: Symbolic Politics and Social Movements in Central Asia (Stanford, 2021).\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"school-adminrsssanueduau-accessandethicsinprisonresearchfarahgodrej-2022\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"https://politicsir.cass.anu.edu.au/events/access-and-ethics-prison-research-farah-godrej\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'school-adminrsssanueduau-accessandethicsinprisonresearchfarahgodrej-2022', 'https://politicsir.cass.anu.edu.au/events/access-and-ethics-prison-research-farah-godrej', event);\">\n    Access and Ethics in Prison Research (Farah Godrej).\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  School, H. o.;  and admin.rsss@anu.edu.au\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  February 2022.\n  <span class=\"note\">Last Modified: 2022-08-29T14:09:33+10:00 Publisher: The Australian National University</span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"https://politicsir.cass.anu.edu.au/events/access-and-ethics-prison-research-farah-godrej\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('school-adminrsssanueduau-accessandethicsinprisonresearchfarahgodrej-2022', 'https://politicsir.cass.anu.edu.au/events/access-and-ethics-prison-research-farah-godrej', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"Access and Ethics in Prison Research (Farah Godrej) [link]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/school-adminrsssanueduau-accessandethicsinprisonresearchfarahgodrej-2022\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('school-adminrsssanueduau-accessandethicsinprisonresearchfarahgodrej-2022')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@misc{school_access_2022,\n\ttitle = {Access and {Ethics} in {Prison} {Research} ({Farah} {Godrej})},\n\tcopyright = {http://www.anu.edu.au/copyright/},\n\turl = {https://politicsir.cass.anu.edu.au/events/access-and-ethics-prison-research-farah-godrej},\n\tabstract = {How do the requirements of “scholarly” research—including and especially ethics reviews  by institutional bodies—serve to shape and constrain the access that researchers can gain to prisons?  How does it shape the researcher’s engagement with their incarcerated research participants?},\n\tlanguage = {en-AU},\n\turldate = {2024-08-14},\n\tjournal = {School of Politics \\&amp; International Relations},\n\tauthor = {School, Head of and admin.rsss@anu.edu.au},\n\tmonth = feb,\n\tyear = {2022},\n\tnote = {Last Modified: 2022-08-29T14:09:33+10:00\nPublisher: The Australian National University},\n}\n\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  How do the requirements of “scholarly” research—including and especially ethics reviews  by institutional bodies—serve to shape and constrain the access that researchers can gain to prisons?  How does it shape the researcher’s engagement with their incarcerated research participants?\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"martnez-statesofsubsistencethepoliticsofbreadincontemporaryjordan-2022\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  States of Subsistence: The Politics of Bread in Contemporary Jordan.\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Martínez, J. C.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  Stanford University Press, Stanford,  2022.\n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/martnez-statesofsubsistencethepoliticsofbreadincontemporaryjordan-2022\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('martnez-statesofsubsistencethepoliticsofbreadincontemporaryjordan-2022')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@book{martinez_states_2022,\n\taddress = {Stanford},\n\ttitle = {States of {Subsistence}: {The} {Politics} of {Bread} in {Contemporary} {Jordan}},\n\tisbn = {978-1-5036-3036-9},\n\tshorttitle = {States of {Subsistence}},\n\tabstract = {On any given day in Jordan, more than nine million residents eat approximately ten million loaves of khubz &#x27;arabi—the slightly leavened flatbread known to many as pita. Some rely on this bread to avoid starvation; for others it is a customary pleasure. Yet despite its ubiquity in accounts of Middle East politics and society, rarely do we consider how bread is prepared, consumed, discussed, and circulated—and what this all represents. With this book, José Ciro Martínez examines khubz &#x27;arabi to unpack the effects of the welfare program that ensures its widespread availability.Drawing on more than a year working as a baker in Amman, Martínez probes the practices that underpin subsidized bread. Following bakers and bureaucrats, he offers an immersive examination of social welfare provision. Martínez argues that the state is best understood as the product of routine practices and actions, through which it becomes a stable truth in the lives of citizens. States of Subsistence not only describes logics of rule in contemporary Jordan—and the place of bread within them—but also unpacks how the state endures through forms, sensations, and practices amid the seemingly unglamorous and unspectacular day-to-day.},\n\tpublisher = {Stanford University Press},\n\tauthor = {Martínez, José Ciro},\n\tyear = {2022},\n\tkeywords = {Middle East Studies, Politics -- Comparative Politics, Sociology -- Economy and Work},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  On any given day in Jordan, more than nine million residents eat approximately ten million loaves of khubz 'arabi—the slightly leavened flatbread known to many as pita. Some rely on this bread to avoid starvation; for others it is a customary pleasure. Yet despite its ubiquity in accounts of Middle East politics and society, rarely do we consider how bread is prepared, consumed, discussed, and circulated—and what this all represents. With this book, José Ciro Martínez examines khubz 'arabi to unpack the effects of the welfare program that ensures its widespread availability.Drawing on more than a year working as a baker in Amman, Martínez probes the practices that underpin subsidized bread. Following bakers and bureaucrats, he offers an immersive examination of social welfare provision. Martínez argues that the state is best understood as the product of routine practices and actions, through which it becomes a stable truth in the lives of citizens. States of Subsistence not only describes logics of rule in contemporary Jordan—and the place of bread within them—but also unpacks how the state endures through forms, sensations, and practices amid the seemingly unglamorous and unspectacular day-to-day.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"harris-kim-radomski-interpretiveworksinpoliticalscienceinternationalstudiesandrelatedfieldsaresourcebibliography-2022\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  Interpretive Works in Political Science, International Studies, and Related Fields: A Resource Bibliography.\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Harris, C. V.; Kim, N. Y. J.;  and Radomski, J.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  June 2022.\n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/harris-kim-radomski-interpretiveworksinpoliticalscienceinternationalstudiesandrelatedfieldsaresourcebibliography-2022\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('harris-kim-radomski-interpretiveworksinpoliticalscienceinternationalstudiesandrelatedfieldsaresourcebibliography-2022')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@misc{harris_interpretive_2022,\n\ttitle = {Interpretive {Works} in {Political} {Science}, {International} {Studies}, and {Related} {Fields}: {A} {Resource} {Bibliography}},\n\tauthor = {Harris, Christina V. and Kim, Nancy Y. J. and Radomski, Julie},\n\tmonth = jun,\n\tyear = {2022},\n}\n\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"novovic-tatham-shiftingframesbalancingmethodologicalinclusivityandpolicyrelevanceoffeministresearch-2022\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1080/14616742.2021.1952887\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'novovic-tatham-shiftingframesbalancingmethodologicalinclusivityandpolicyrelevanceoffeministresearch-2022', 'https://doi.org/10.1080/14616742.2021.1952887', event);\">\n    Shifting frames: balancing methodological inclusivity and policy relevance of feminist research.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Novovic, G.;  and Tatham, R.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  <i>International Feminist Journal of Politics</i>, 24(5): 699–720. October 2022.\n  <span class=\"note\">Publisher: Routledge _eprint: https://doi.org/10.1080/14616742.2021.1952887</span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1080/14616742.2021.1952887\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('novovic-tatham-shiftingframesbalancingmethodologicalinclusivityandpolicyrelevanceoffeministresearch-2022', 'https://doi.org/10.1080/14616742.2021.1952887', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"Shifting frames: balancing methodological inclusivity and policy relevance of feminist research [link]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.org/10.1080/14616742.2021.1952887\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('novovic-tatham-shiftingframesbalancingmethodologicalinclusivityandpolicyrelevanceoffeministresearch-2022', 'http://doi.org/10.1080/14616742.2021.1952887', event.ctrlKey)\"\n     class=\"bibbase doi link\">\n    <span>doi</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/novovic-tatham-shiftingframesbalancingmethodologicalinclusivityandpolicyrelevanceoffeministresearch-2022\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('novovic-tatham-shiftingframesbalancingmethodologicalinclusivityandpolicyrelevanceoffeministresearch-2022')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@article{novovic_shifting_2022,\n\ttitle = {Shifting frames: balancing methodological inclusivity and policy relevance of feminist research},\n\tvolume = {24},\n\tissn = {1461-6742},\n\tshorttitle = {Shifting frames},\n\turl = {https://doi.org/10.1080/14616742.2021.1952887},\n\tdoi = {10.1080/14616742.2021.1952887},\n\tabstract = {Feminist scholars working in international development are often challenged to devise inclusive feminist methodologies and produce evidence-based policy recommendations to inform hegemonic policy processes. The quantitative hegemonic policy frames, however, stand in contrast with interpretative feminist approaches. Feminists face a choice between producing purely academic content or acting as mediators and insiders/outsiders in policy arenas. Feminists are thus called to bridge feminist and dominant policy frames and in this way disrupt hegemonic categories of analysis. This article is based on a case study employing two research methods to examine the activism of Indigenous women opposing the Fenix mine operations in Guatemala. Semi-structured interviews and focus group discussions confirmed practical recommendations directed at traditional decision makers, while photo elicitation interviews reflected structural and cultural frames demonstrating the deeper repercussions of the exploitative and institutionalized practices of the mining industry. Translating local symbols, norms, and cultural practices into the policy frames of decision makers, however, requires deliberate efforts by feminists. This work should not be undermined, neither in terms of the preparation of feminist researchers, nor in light of debates around collective feminist scholarship and collaboration among community-engaged scholars.},\n\tnumber = {5},\n\turldate = {2024-08-12},\n\tjournal = {International Feminist Journal of Politics},\n\tauthor = {Novovic, Gloria and Tatham, Rebecca},\n\tmonth = oct,\n\tyear = {2022},\n\tnote = {Publisher: Routledge\n\\_eprint: https://doi.org/10.1080/14616742.2021.1952887},\n\tkeywords = {Feminist methodology, Guatemala, Indigenous studies, extractive industries, policy frames},\n\tpages = {699--720},\n}\n\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  Feminist scholars working in international development are often challenged to devise inclusive feminist methodologies and produce evidence-based policy recommendations to inform hegemonic policy processes. The quantitative hegemonic policy frames, however, stand in contrast with interpretative feminist approaches. Feminists face a choice between producing purely academic content or acting as mediators and insiders/outsiders in policy arenas. Feminists are thus called to bridge feminist and dominant policy frames and in this way disrupt hegemonic categories of analysis. This article is based on a case study employing two research methods to examine the activism of Indigenous women opposing the Fenix mine operations in Guatemala. Semi-structured interviews and focus group discussions confirmed practical recommendations directed at traditional decision makers, while photo elicitation interviews reflected structural and cultural frames demonstrating the deeper repercussions of the exploitative and institutionalized practices of the mining industry. Translating local symbols, norms, and cultural practices into the policy frames of decision makers, however, requires deliberate efforts by feminists. This work should not be undermined, neither in terms of the preparation of feminist researchers, nor in light of debates around collective feminist scholarship and collaboration among community-engaged scholars.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"meakin-geddes-explainingchangeinlegislaturesdilemmasofmanagerialreformintheukhouseofcommons-2022\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1177/0032321720955127\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'meakin-geddes-explainingchangeinlegislaturesdilemmasofmanagerialreformintheukhouseofcommons-2022', 'https://doi.org/10.1177/0032321720955127', event);\">\n    Explaining Change in Legislatures: Dilemmas of Managerial Reform in the UK House of Commons.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Meakin, A.;  and Geddes, M.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  <i>Political Studies</i>, 70(1): 216–235. February 2022.\n  <span class=\"note\">Publisher: SAGE Publications Ltd</span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1177/0032321720955127\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('meakin-geddes-explainingchangeinlegislaturesdilemmasofmanagerialreformintheukhouseofcommons-2022', 'https://doi.org/10.1177/0032321720955127', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"Explaining Change in Legislatures: Dilemmas of Managerial Reform in the UK House of Commons [link]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.org/10.1177/0032321720955127\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('meakin-geddes-explainingchangeinlegislaturesdilemmasofmanagerialreformintheukhouseofcommons-2022', 'http://doi.org/10.1177/0032321720955127', event.ctrlKey)\"\n     class=\"bibbase doi link\">\n    <span>doi</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/meakin-geddes-explainingchangeinlegislaturesdilemmasofmanagerialreformintheukhouseofcommons-2022\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('meakin-geddes-explainingchangeinlegislaturesdilemmasofmanagerialreformintheukhouseofcommons-2022')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@article{meakin_explaining_2022,\n\ttitle = {Explaining {Change} in {Legislatures}: {Dilemmas} of {Managerial} {Reform} in the {UK} {House} of {Commons}},\n\tvolume = {70},\n\tissn = {0032-3217},\n\tshorttitle = {Explaining {Change} in {Legislatures}},\n\turl = {https://doi.org/10.1177/0032321720955127},\n\tdoi = {10.1177/0032321720955127},\n\tabstract = {How do institutions adapt and reform themselves in response to new challenges? This article considers the role of ideas and posits that the concept of ‘dilemma’ – clashes of beliefs played out through power relations and practices – offers a complementary tool to understand institutional change. It draws on the 2014 appointment of a new Clerk to the UK House of Commons – in which conflicting beliefs about the House of Commons administration opened a dilemma for key parliamentary actors – as a token case study to highlight the value of the concepts of beliefs, practices and dilemmas. It further broadens out these findings to consider the value of a wider interpretive approach for understanding how institutions may adapt and change. In doing so, it makes (1) a theoretical contribution by exploring the role of ideas in causing institutional change and (2) an empirical contribution through its analysis of parliamentary administration, an understudied area.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {1},\n\turldate = {2024-08-12},\n\tjournal = {Political Studies},\n\tauthor = {Meakin, Alexandra and Geddes, Marc},\n\tmonth = feb,\n\tyear = {2022},\n\tnote = {Publisher: SAGE Publications Ltd},\n\tpages = {216--235},\n}\n\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  How do institutions adapt and reform themselves in response to new challenges? This article considers the role of ideas and posits that the concept of ‘dilemma’ – clashes of beliefs played out through power relations and practices – offers a complementary tool to understand institutional change. It draws on the 2014 appointment of a new Clerk to the UK House of Commons – in which conflicting beliefs about the House of Commons administration opened a dilemma for key parliamentary actors – as a token case study to highlight the value of the concepts of beliefs, practices and dilemmas. It further broadens out these findings to consider the value of a wider interpretive approach for understanding how institutions may adapt and change. In doing so, it makes (1) a theoretical contribution by exploring the role of ideas in causing institutional change and (2) an empirical contribution through its analysis of parliamentary administration, an understudied area.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"funk-rootedglobalismarablatinamericanbusinesselitesandthepoliticsofglobalimaginaries-2022\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"http://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctv2nrz79t\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'funk-rootedglobalismarablatinamericanbusinesselitesandthepoliticsofglobalimaginaries-2022', 'http://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctv2nrz79t', event);\">\n    Rooted Globalism: Arab–Latin American Business Elites and the Politics of Global Imaginaries.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Funk, K.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  Indiana University Press,  2022.\n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctv2nrz79t\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('funk-rootedglobalismarablatinamericanbusinesselitesandthepoliticsofglobalimaginaries-2022', 'http://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctv2nrz79t', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"Rooted Globalism: Arab–Latin American Business Elites and the Politics of Global Imaginaries [link]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv2nrz79t\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('funk-rootedglobalismarablatinamericanbusinesselitesandthepoliticsofglobalimaginaries-2022', 'http://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv2nrz79t', event.ctrlKey)\"\n     class=\"bibbase doi link\">\n    <span>doi</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/funk-rootedglobalismarablatinamericanbusinesselitesandthepoliticsofglobalimaginaries-2022\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('funk-rootedglobalismarablatinamericanbusinesselitesandthepoliticsofglobalimaginaries-2022')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@book{funk_rooted_2022,\n\ttitle = {Rooted {Globalism}: {Arab}–{Latin} {American} {Business} {Elites} and the {Politics} of {Global} {Imaginaries}},\n\tisbn = {978-0-253-06253-6},\n\turl = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctv2nrz79t},\n\tabstract = {Does the concept of nationality apply to the economic elite, or have they shed national identities to form a global capitalist\nclass?\n\nIn {\\textless}em{\\textgreater}Rooted Globalism{\\textless}/em{\\textgreater}, Kevin Funk unpacks dozens of\nethnographic interviews he conducted with Latin America&#x27;s\nurban-based, Arab-descendant elite class, some of whom also occupy positions of political power in countries such as Argentina,\nBrazil, and Chile. Based on extensive fieldwork, Funk illuminates how these elites navigate their Arab ancestry, Latin American host cultures, and roles as protagonists of globalization. With the term &quot;rooted globalism,&quot; Funk captures the emergence of classed\nintersectional identities that are simultaneously local, national, transnational, and global.\n\nFocusing on an oft-ignored axis of South-South relations\n(between Latin America and the Arab world), {\\textless}em{\\textgreater}Rooted\nGlobalism{\\textless}/em{\\textgreater} provides detailed analysis of the identities,\nworldviews, and motivations of this group and ultimately reveals\nthat rather than obliterating national identities, global\ncapitalism relies on them.},\n\turldate = {2024-08-11},\n\tpublisher = {Indiana University Press},\n\tauthor = {Funk, Kevin},\n\tyear = {2022},\n\tdoi = {10.2307/j.ctv2nrz79t},\n}\n\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  Does the concept of nationality apply to the economic elite, or have they shed national identities to form a global capitalist class? In \\textlessem\\textgreaterRooted Globalism\\textless/em\\textgreater, Kevin Funk unpacks dozens of ethnographic interviews he conducted with Latin America's urban-based, Arab-descendant elite class, some of whom also occupy positions of political power in countries such as Argentina, Brazil, and Chile. Based on extensive fieldwork, Funk illuminates how these elites navigate their Arab ancestry, Latin American host cultures, and roles as protagonists of globalization. With the term \"rooted globalism,\" Funk captures the emergence of classed intersectional identities that are simultaneously local, national, transnational, and global. Focusing on an oft-ignored axis of South-South relations (between Latin America and the Arab world), \\textlessem\\textgreaterRooted Globalism\\textless/em\\textgreater provides detailed analysis of the identities, worldviews, and motivations of this group and ultimately reveals that rather than obliterating national identities, global capitalism relies on them.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"english-zacka-thepoliticsofsightrevisitingtimothypachiratseverytwelveseconds-2022\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/american-political-science-review/article/abs/politics-of-sight-revisiting-timothy-pachirats-every-twelve-seconds/DA19A364BAD2CE7AE3D8562D56760150\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'english-zacka-thepoliticsofsightrevisitingtimothypachiratseverytwelveseconds-2022', 'https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/american-political-science-review/article/abs/politics-of-sight-revisiting-timothy-pachirats-every-twelve-seconds/DA19A364BAD2CE7AE3D8562D56760150', event);\">\n    The Politics of Sight: Revisiting Timothy Pachirat’s Every Twelve Seconds.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  English, J.;  and Zacka, B.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  <i>American Political Science Review</i>, 116(3): 1025–1037. August 2022.\n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/american-political-science-review/article/abs/politics-of-sight-revisiting-timothy-pachirats-every-twelve-seconds/DA19A364BAD2CE7AE3D8562D56760150\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('english-zacka-thepoliticsofsightrevisitingtimothypachiratseverytwelveseconds-2022', 'https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/american-political-science-review/article/abs/politics-of-sight-revisiting-timothy-pachirats-every-twelve-seconds/DA19A364BAD2CE7AE3D8562D56760150', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"The Politics of Sight: Revisiting Timothy Pachirat’s Every Twelve Seconds [link]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.org/10.1017/S0003055421001192\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('english-zacka-thepoliticsofsightrevisitingtimothypachiratseverytwelveseconds-2022', 'http://doi.org/10.1017/S0003055421001192', event.ctrlKey)\"\n     class=\"bibbase doi link\">\n    <span>doi</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/english-zacka-thepoliticsofsightrevisitingtimothypachiratseverytwelveseconds-2022\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('english-zacka-thepoliticsofsightrevisitingtimothypachiratseverytwelveseconds-2022')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@article{english_politics_2022,\n\ttitle = {The {Politics} of {Sight}: {Revisiting} {Timothy} {Pachirat}’s {Every} {Twelve} {Seconds}},\n\tvolume = {116},\n\tissn = {0003-0554, 1537-5943},\n\tshorttitle = {The {Politics} of {Sight}},\n\turl = {https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/american-political-science-review/article/abs/politics-of-sight-revisiting-timothy-pachirats-every-twelve-seconds/DA19A364BAD2CE7AE3D8562D56760150},\n\tdoi = {10.1017/S0003055421001192},\n\tabstract = {In his ethnography of industrialized slaughter, Every Twelve Seconds, Timothy Pachirat coins a label to describe political interventions that use visibility as a catalyst for reform—the “politics of sight.” We argue that the politics of sight rests on three premises that are all mistaken or misspecified: (1) that exposing morally repugnant practices will make us see them, (2) that seeing such practices will stop us from acquiescing to them, and (3) that owning up to such practices is preferable to keeping them concealed. To develop our argument, we propose an alternative interpretation of Pachirat’s own ethnographic material informed by theories from social psychology—one that leads to a different critique of the politics of sight than the one Pachirat offers and to a different understanding of the conditions under which it can succeed. Methodologically, we seek to illustrate the value of reanalyzing interpretive research through close reading.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {3},\n\turldate = {2024-08-11},\n\tjournal = {American Political Science Review},\n\tauthor = {English, Jasmine and Zacka, Bernardo},\n\tmonth = aug,\n\tyear = {2022},\n\tpages = {1025--1037},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  In his ethnography of industrialized slaughter, Every Twelve Seconds, Timothy Pachirat coins a label to describe political interventions that use visibility as a catalyst for reform—the “politics of sight.” We argue that the politics of sight rests on three premises that are all mistaken or misspecified: (1) that exposing morally repugnant practices will make us see them, (2) that seeing such practices will stop us from acquiescing to them, and (3) that owning up to such practices is preferable to keeping them concealed. To develop our argument, we propose an alternative interpretation of Pachirat’s own ethnographic material informed by theories from social psychology—one that leads to a different critique of the politics of sight than the one Pachirat offers and to a different understanding of the conditions under which it can succeed. Methodologically, we seek to illustrate the value of reanalyzing interpretive research through close reading.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"schwedler-protestingjordangeographiesofpoweranddissent-2022\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  Protesting Jordan: Geographies of Power and Dissent.\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Schwedler, J.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  Stanford University Press, Stanford,  2022.\n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/schwedler-protestingjordangeographiesofpoweranddissent-2022\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('schwedler-protestingjordangeographiesofpoweranddissent-2022')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@book{schwedler_protesting_2022,\n\taddress = {Stanford},\n\ttitle = {Protesting {Jordan}: {Geographies} of {Power} and {Dissent}},\n\tisbn = {978-1-5036-3037-6},\n\tshorttitle = {Protesting {Jordan}},\n\tabstract = {A National Endowment for Democracy Notable Book of 2022Protest has been a key method of political claim-making in Jordan from the late Ottoman period to the present day. More than moments of rupture within normal-time politics, protests have been central to challenging state power, as well as reproducing it—and the spatial dynamics of protests play a central role in the construction of both state and society. With this book, Jillian Schwedler considers how space and geography influence protests and repression, and, in challenging conventional narratives of Hashemite state-making, offers the first in-depth study of rebellion in Jordan.Based on twenty-five years of field research, Protesting Jordan examines protests as they are situated in the built environment, bringing together considerations of networks, spatial imaginaries, space and place-making, and political geographies at local, national, regional, and global scales. Schwedler considers the impact of time and temporality in the lifecycles of individual movements. Through a mixed interpretive methodology, this book illuminates the geographies of power and dissent and the spatial practices of protest and repression, highlighting the political stakes of competing narratives about Jordan&#x27;s past, present, and future.},\n\tpublisher = {Stanford University Press},\n\tauthor = {Schwedler, Jillian},\n\tyear = {2022},\n\tkeywords = {Middle East Studies, Politics -- Comparative Politics, Politics -- Democracy},\n}\n\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  A National Endowment for Democracy Notable Book of 2022Protest has been a key method of political claim-making in Jordan from the late Ottoman period to the present day. More than moments of rupture within normal-time politics, protests have been central to challenging state power, as well as reproducing it—and the spatial dynamics of protests play a central role in the construction of both state and society. With this book, Jillian Schwedler considers how space and geography influence protests and repression, and, in challenging conventional narratives of Hashemite state-making, offers the first in-depth study of rebellion in Jordan.Based on twenty-five years of field research, Protesting Jordan examines protests as they are situated in the built environment, bringing together considerations of networks, spatial imaginaries, space and place-making, and political geographies at local, national, regional, and global scales. Schwedler considers the impact of time and temporality in the lifecycles of individual movements. Through a mixed interpretive methodology, this book illuminates the geographies of power and dissent and the spatial practices of protest and repression, highlighting the political stakes of competing narratives about Jordan's past, present, and future.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"glas-practicingpeaceconflictmanagementinsoutheastasiaandsouthamerica-2022\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"https://global.oup.com/academic/product/practicing-peace-9780197633229?cc=ch&amp;lang=en&amp;\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'glas-practicingpeaceconflictmanagementinsoutheastasiaandsouthamerica-2022', 'https://global.oup.com/academic/product/practicing-peace-9780197633229?cc=ch&amp;lang=en&amp;', event);\">\n    Practicing Peace: Conflict Management in Southeast Asia and South America.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Glas, A.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  Oxford University Press, Oxford, New York, November 2022.\n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"https://global.oup.com/academic/product/practicing-peace-9780197633229?cc=ch&amp;lang=en&amp;\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('glas-practicingpeaceconflictmanagementinsoutheastasiaandsouthamerica-2022', 'https://global.oup.com/academic/product/practicing-peace-9780197633229?cc=ch&amp;lang=en&amp;', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"Practicing Peace: Conflict Management in Southeast Asia and South America [link]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/glas-practicingpeaceconflictmanagementinsoutheastasiaandsouthamerica-2022\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('glas-practicingpeaceconflictmanagementinsoutheastasiaandsouthamerica-2022')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@book{glas_practicing_2022,\n\taddress = {Oxford, New York},\n\ttitle = {Practicing {Peace}: {Conflict} {Management} in {Southeast} {Asia} and {South} {America}},\n\tisbn = {978-0-19-763322-9},\n\tshorttitle = {Practicing {Peace}},\n\turl = {https://global.oup.com/academic/product/practicing-peace-9780197633229?cc=ch&amp;lang=en&amp;},\n\tabstract = {Southeast Asia and South America are regions made up of largely illiberal states lacking stabilizing great powers or collective identities. But despite persistent territorial disputes, regime instability, and interstate rivalries, both regions have avoided large-scale war for decades. What accounts for the lack of war in these regions, and importantly, how are conflicts managed? In Practicing Peace, Aarie Glas offers a comparative regional perspective on conflict management and diplomacy in Southeast Asia and South America. Glas finds that regional interstate relations are shaped by particular habitual dispositions—discrete sets of processual and substantive qualities of relations understood and enacted by diplomatic communities of practice. Different habitual dispositions in each case shape conflict management and regionalism in important ways, and lead to a tolerance of limited regional violence. Glas expands on new developments in social International Relations theory to develop a practice-oriented and interpretive account of regional relations and explores the existence of habitual dispositions across crucial cases of regional conflict management, including the Southeast Asian response to the Preah Vihear dispute in 2011 and the South American response to the Cenepa conflict in 1995.Drawing on novel research methods and detailed interviews with regional practitioners, Practicing Peace challenges existing scholarly claims of peace in Southeast Asia and South America. Instead, Glas argues that officials successfully manage pervasive conflict short of war in both regions. He provides an in-depth look into how diplomacy unfolds and peace is practiced within diplomatic communities, from government actors to organizational officials, as they attempt to respond to and resolve territorial disputes.\n             \n             \n              \n            ,  \n             Southeast Asia and South America are regions made up of largely illiberal states lacking stabilizing great powers or collective identities. But despite persistent territorial disputes, regime instability, and interstate rivalries, both regions have avoided large-scale war for decades. What accounts for the lack of war in these regions, and importantly, how are conflicts managed? In Practicing Peace, Aarie Glas offers a comparative regional perspective on conflict management and diplomacy in Southeast Asia and South America. Glas finds that regional interstate relations are shaped by particular habitual dispositions—discrete sets of processual and substantive qualities of relations understood and enacted by diplomatic communities of practice. Different habitual dispositions in each case shape conflict management and regionalism in important ways, and lead to a tolerance of limited regional violence. Glas expands on new developments in social International Relations theory to develop a practice-oriented and interpretive account of regional relations and explores the existence of habitual dispositions across crucial cases of regional conflict management, including the Southeast Asian response to the Preah Vihear dispute in 2011 and the South American response to the Cenepa conflict in 1995.Drawing on novel research methods and detailed interviews with regional practitioners, Practicing Peace challenges existing scholarly claims of peace in Southeast Asia and South America. Instead, Glas argues that officials successfully manage pervasive conflict short of war in both regions. He provides an in-depth look into how diplomacy unfolds and peace is practiced within diplomatic communities, from government actors to organizational officials, as they attempt to respond to and resolve territorial disputes.},\n\tpublisher = {Oxford University Press},\n\tauthor = {Glas, Aarie},\n\tmonth = nov,\n\tyear = {2022},\n}\n\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  Southeast Asia and South America are regions made up of largely illiberal states lacking stabilizing great powers or collective identities. But despite persistent territorial disputes, regime instability, and interstate rivalries, both regions have avoided large-scale war for decades. What accounts for the lack of war in these regions, and importantly, how are conflicts managed? In Practicing Peace, Aarie Glas offers a comparative regional perspective on conflict management and diplomacy in Southeast Asia and South America. Glas finds that regional interstate relations are shaped by particular habitual dispositions—discrete sets of processual and substantive qualities of relations understood and enacted by diplomatic communities of practice. Different habitual dispositions in each case shape conflict management and regionalism in important ways, and lead to a tolerance of limited regional violence. Glas expands on new developments in social International Relations theory to develop a practice-oriented and interpretive account of regional relations and explores the existence of habitual dispositions across crucial cases of regional conflict management, including the Southeast Asian response to the Preah Vihear dispute in 2011 and the South American response to the Cenepa conflict in 1995.Drawing on novel research methods and detailed interviews with regional practitioners, Practicing Peace challenges existing scholarly claims of peace in Southeast Asia and South America. Instead, Glas argues that officials successfully manage pervasive conflict short of war in both regions. He provides an in-depth look into how diplomacy unfolds and peace is practiced within diplomatic communities, from government actors to organizational officials, as they attempt to respond to and resolve territorial disputes. , Southeast Asia and South America are regions made up of largely illiberal states lacking stabilizing great powers or collective identities. But despite persistent territorial disputes, regime instability, and interstate rivalries, both regions have avoided large-scale war for decades. What accounts for the lack of war in these regions, and importantly, how are conflicts managed? In Practicing Peace, Aarie Glas offers a comparative regional perspective on conflict management and diplomacy in Southeast Asia and South America. Glas finds that regional interstate relations are shaped by particular habitual dispositions—discrete sets of processual and substantive qualities of relations understood and enacted by diplomatic communities of practice. Different habitual dispositions in each case shape conflict management and regionalism in important ways, and lead to a tolerance of limited regional violence. Glas expands on new developments in social International Relations theory to develop a practice-oriented and interpretive account of regional relations and explores the existence of habitual dispositions across crucial cases of regional conflict management, including the Southeast Asian response to the Preah Vihear dispute in 2011 and the South American response to the Cenepa conflict in 1995.Drawing on novel research methods and detailed interviews with regional practitioners, Practicing Peace challenges existing scholarly claims of peace in Southeast Asia and South America. Instead, Glas argues that officials successfully manage pervasive conflict short of war in both regions. He provides an in-depth look into how diplomacy unfolds and peace is practiced within diplomatic communities, from government actors to organizational officials, as they attempt to respond to and resolve territorial disputes.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n\n\n\n    </div>\n  </div>\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_group_whole\" id=\"group_2021\">\n    <div class=\"bibbase_group\"\n      onclick=\"toggleGroup('group_2021')\"\n      onkeypress=\"toggleGroup('group_2021')\"\n      tabindex=\"0\">\n      <i class=\"fa fa-angle-down bibbase_group_head_icon\"></i>&nbsp;\n      <span>2021</span>\n      <span class=\"bibbase_group_count\">\n        \n        (36)\n        \n      </span>\n    </div>\n    <div class=\"bibbase_group_body\">\n      \n  \n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"schatz-slowantiamericanismsocialmovementsandsymbolicpoliticsincentralasia-2021\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  Slow Anti-Americanism: Social Movements and Symbolic Politics in Central Asia.\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Schatz, E.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  Stanford University Press, Stanford,  2021.\n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/schatz-slowantiamericanismsocialmovementsandsymbolicpoliticsincentralasia-2021\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('schatz-slowantiamericanismsocialmovementsandsymbolicpoliticsincentralasia-2021')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@book{schatz_slow_2021,\n\taddress = {Stanford},\n\ttitle = {Slow {Anti}-{Americanism}: {Social} {Movements} and {Symbolic} {Politics} in {Central} {Asia}},\n\tisbn = {978-1-5036-1369-0},\n\tshorttitle = {Slow {Anti}-{Americanism}},\n\tabstract = {Negative views of the United States abound, but we know too little about how such views affect politics. Drawing on careful research on post-Soviet Central Asia, Edward Schatz argues that anti-Americanism is best seen not as a rising tide that swamps or as a conflagration that overwhelms. Rather, &quot;America&quot; is a symbolic resource that resides quietly in the mundane but always has potential value for social and political mobilizers. Using a wide range of evidence and a novel analytic framework, Schatz considers how Islamist movements, human rights activists, and labor mobilizers across Central Asia avail themselves of this fact, thus changing their ability to pursue their respective agendas. By refocusing our analytic gaze away from high politics, he affords us a clearer view of the slower-moving, partially occluded, and socially embedded processes that ground how &quot;America&quot; becomes political. In turn, we gain a nuanced appreciation of the downstream effects of US foreign policy choices and a sober sense of the challenges posed by the politics of traveling images.Most treatments of anti-Americanism focus on politics in the realm of presidential elections and foreign policies. By focusing instead on symbols, Schatz lays bare how changing public attitudes shift social relations in politically significant ways, and considers how changing symbolic depictions of the United States recombine the raw material available for social mobilizers. Just like sediment traveling along waterways before reaching its final destination, the raw material that constitutes symbolic America can travel among various social groups, and can settle into place to form the basis of new social meanings. Symbolic America, Schatz shows us, matters for politics in Central Asia and beyond.},\n\tpublisher = {Stanford University Press},\n\tauthor = {Schatz, Edward},\n\tyear = {2021},\n\tkeywords = {Asian Studies, Politics -- International Affairs},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  Negative views of the United States abound, but we know too little about how such views affect politics. Drawing on careful research on post-Soviet Central Asia, Edward Schatz argues that anti-Americanism is best seen not as a rising tide that swamps or as a conflagration that overwhelms. Rather, \"America\" is a symbolic resource that resides quietly in the mundane but always has potential value for social and political mobilizers. Using a wide range of evidence and a novel analytic framework, Schatz considers how Islamist movements, human rights activists, and labor mobilizers across Central Asia avail themselves of this fact, thus changing their ability to pursue their respective agendas. By refocusing our analytic gaze away from high politics, he affords us a clearer view of the slower-moving, partially occluded, and socially embedded processes that ground how \"America\" becomes political. In turn, we gain a nuanced appreciation of the downstream effects of US foreign policy choices and a sober sense of the challenges posed by the politics of traveling images.Most treatments of anti-Americanism focus on politics in the realm of presidential elections and foreign policies. By focusing instead on symbols, Schatz lays bare how changing public attitudes shift social relations in politically significant ways, and considers how changing symbolic depictions of the United States recombine the raw material available for social mobilizers. Just like sediment traveling along waterways before reaching its final destination, the raw material that constitutes symbolic America can travel among various social groups, and can settle into place to form the basis of new social meanings. Symbolic America, Schatz shows us, matters for politics in Central Asia and beyond.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"school-adminrsssanueduau-visionandmethodinglobalhistoricalsociologygeorgelawson-2021\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"https://politicsir.cass.anu.edu.au/events/vision-and-method-global-historical-sociology-george-lawson\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'school-adminrsssanueduau-visionandmethodinglobalhistoricalsociologygeorgelawson-2021', 'https://politicsir.cass.anu.edu.au/events/vision-and-method-global-historical-sociology-george-lawson', event);\">\n    Vision and method in global historical sociology (George Lawson).\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  School, H. o.;  and admin.rsss@anu.edu.au\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  September 2021.\n  <span class=\"note\">Last Modified: 2022-08-29T14:21:48+10:00 Publisher: The Australian National University</span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"https://politicsir.cass.anu.edu.au/events/vision-and-method-global-historical-sociology-george-lawson\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('school-adminrsssanueduau-visionandmethodinglobalhistoricalsociologygeorgelawson-2021', 'https://politicsir.cass.anu.edu.au/events/vision-and-method-global-historical-sociology-george-lawson', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"Vision and method in global historical sociology (George Lawson) [link]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/school-adminrsssanueduau-visionandmethodinglobalhistoricalsociologygeorgelawson-2021\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('school-adminrsssanueduau-visionandmethodinglobalhistoricalsociologygeorgelawson-2021')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@misc{school_vision_2021,\n\ttitle = {Vision and method in global historical sociology ({George} {Lawson})},\n\tcopyright = {http://www.anu.edu.au/copyright/},\n\turl = {https://politicsir.cass.anu.edu.au/events/vision-and-method-global-historical-sociology-george-lawson},\n\tabstract = {Historical sociology is a long-established interdisciplinary field concerned with incorporating temporality in the analysis of social processes. Global historical sociology examines the transnational and global features of these processes. It is premised on two interrelated dynamics: first, the global dynamics that enable the emergence, reproduction and breakdown of social forms; and second, the historical emergence, reproduction, and breakdown of transnational and global social forms.},\n\tlanguage = {en-AU},\n\turldate = {2024-08-14},\n\tjournal = {School of Politics \\&amp; International Relations},\n\tauthor = {School, Head of and admin.rsss@anu.edu.au},\n\tmonth = sep,\n\tyear = {2021},\n\tnote = {Last Modified: 2022-08-29T14:21:48+10:00\nPublisher: The Australian National University},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  Historical sociology is a long-established interdisciplinary field concerned with incorporating temporality in the analysis of social processes. Global historical sociology examines the transnational and global features of these processes. It is premised on two interrelated dynamics: first, the global dynamics that enable the emergence, reproduction and breakdown of social forms; and second, the historical emergence, reproduction, and breakdown of transnational and global social forms.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"elghobashy-breadandfreedomegyptsrevolutionarysituation-2021\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  Bread and Freedom: Egypt's Revolutionary Situation.\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  El-Ghobashy, M.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  Stanford University Press, Stanford,  2021.\n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/elghobashy-breadandfreedomegyptsrevolutionarysituation-2021\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('elghobashy-breadandfreedomegyptsrevolutionarysituation-2021')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@book{el-ghobashy_bread_2021,\n\taddress = {Stanford},\n\ttitle = {Bread and {Freedom}: {Egypt}&#x27;s {Revolutionary} {Situation}},\n\tisbn = {978-1-5036-0176-5},\n\tshorttitle = {Bread and {Freedom}},\n\tabstract = {A multivocal account of why Egypt&#x27;s defeated revolution remains a watershed in the country&#x27;s political history.Bread and Freedom offers a new account of Egypt&#x27;s 2011 revolutionary mobilization, based on a documentary record hidden in plain sight—party manifestos, military communiqués, open letters, constitutional contentions, protest slogans, parliamentary debates, and court decisions. A rich trove of political arguments, the sources reveal a range of actors vying over the fundamental question in politics: who holds ultimate political authority. The revolution&#x27;s tangled events engaged competing claims to sovereignty made by insurgent forces and entrenched interests alike, a vital contest that was terminated by the 2013 military coup and its aftermath.Now a decade after the 2011 Arab uprisings, Mona El-Ghobashy rethinks how we study revolutions, looking past causes and consequences to train our sights on the collisions of revolutionary politics. She moves beyond the simple judgments that once celebrated Egypt&#x27;s revolution as an awe-inspiring irruption of people power or now label it a tragic failure. Revisiting the revolutionary interregnum of 2011–2013, Bread and Freedom takes seriously the political conflicts that developed after the ouster of President Hosni Mubarak, an eventful thirty months when it was impossible to rule Egypt without the Egyptians.},\n\tpublisher = {Stanford University Press},\n\tauthor = {El-Ghobashy, Mona},\n\tyear = {2021},\n\tkeywords = {Middle East Studies, Politics -- Comparative Politics},\n}\n\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  A multivocal account of why Egypt's defeated revolution remains a watershed in the country's political history.Bread and Freedom offers a new account of Egypt's 2011 revolutionary mobilization, based on a documentary record hidden in plain sight—party manifestos, military communiqués, open letters, constitutional contentions, protest slogans, parliamentary debates, and court decisions. A rich trove of political arguments, the sources reveal a range of actors vying over the fundamental question in politics: who holds ultimate political authority. The revolution's tangled events engaged competing claims to sovereignty made by insurgent forces and entrenched interests alike, a vital contest that was terminated by the 2013 military coup and its aftermath.Now a decade after the 2011 Arab uprisings, Mona El-Ghobashy rethinks how we study revolutions, looking past causes and consequences to train our sights on the collisions of revolutionary politics. She moves beyond the simple judgments that once celebrated Egypt's revolution as an awe-inspiring irruption of people power or now label it a tragic failure. Revisiting the revolutionary interregnum of 2011–2013, Bread and Freedom takes seriously the political conflicts that developed after the ouster of President Hosni Mubarak, an eventful thirty months when it was impossible to rule Egypt without the Egyptians.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"price-reproductivepoliticsintheunitedstates-2021\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"https://www.routledge.com/Reproductive-Politics-in-the-United-States/Price/p/book/9781138049307?utm_source=individuals&amp;utm_medium=shared_link&amp;utm_campaign=B021702_hg2_1au_7pp_d876\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'price-reproductivepoliticsintheunitedstates-2021', 'https://www.routledge.com/Reproductive-Politics-in-the-United-States/Price/p/book/9781138049307?utm_source=individuals&amp;utm_medium=shared_link&amp;utm_campaign=B021702_hg2_1au_7pp_d876', event);\">\n    Reproductive Politics in the United States.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Price, K.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  Routledge, December 2021.\n  <span class=\"note\">Google-Books-ID: X01SEAAAQBAJ</span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"https://www.routledge.com/Reproductive-Politics-in-the-United-States/Price/p/book/9781138049307?utm_source=individuals&amp;utm_medium=shared_link&amp;utm_campaign=B021702_hg2_1au_7pp_d876\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('price-reproductivepoliticsintheunitedstates-2021', 'https://www.routledge.com/Reproductive-Politics-in-the-United-States/Price/p/book/9781138049307?utm_source=individuals&amp;utm_medium=shared_link&amp;utm_campaign=B021702_hg2_1au_7pp_d876', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"Reproductive Politics in the United States [link]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/price-reproductivepoliticsintheunitedstates-2021\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('price-reproductivepoliticsintheunitedstates-2021')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@book{price_reproductive_2021,\n\ttitle = {Reproductive {Politics} in the {United} {States}},\n\tisbn = {978-1-351-68956-4},\n\turl = {https://www.routledge.com/Reproductive-Politics-in-the-United-States/Price/p/book/9781138049307?utm_source=individuals&amp;utm_medium=shared_link&amp;utm_campaign=B021702_hg2_1au_7pp_d876},\n\tabstract = {Reproductive Politics in the United States is a concise, accessible, and engaging introduction to what continues to be a contentious and polarizing topic in the United States. Focusing on the current debates, controversies, and realities of reproductive justice, this text seeks to examine the historical, social and cultural forces that shape those politics. Making use of an explicitly feminist framework, the book analyzes how the intersections of gender, race, ethnicity, class, sexuality, and other markers of difference are implicated in protest and policy.This is a primer for Women’s and Gender Studies students, and for those coming to the topic for the first time.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tpublisher = {Routledge},\n\tauthor = {Price, Kimala},\n\tmonth = dec,\n\tyear = {2021},\n\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: X01SEAAAQBAJ},\n\tkeywords = {History / General, Social Science / Anthropology / Cultural \\&amp; Social, Social Science / Feminism \\&amp; Feminist Theory, Social Science / Gender Studies, Social Science / Men&#x27;s Studies, Social Science / Sociology / General, Social Science / Women&#x27;s Studies},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  Reproductive Politics in the United States is a concise, accessible, and engaging introduction to what continues to be a contentious and polarizing topic in the United States. Focusing on the current debates, controversies, and realities of reproductive justice, this text seeks to examine the historical, social and cultural forces that shape those politics. Making use of an explicitly feminist framework, the book analyzes how the intersections of gender, race, ethnicity, class, sexuality, and other markers of difference are implicated in protest and policy.This is a primer for Women’s and Gender Studies students, and for those coming to the topic for the first time.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"marusek-lawandthekineticenvironmentregulatingdynamiclandscapes-2021\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  Law and the Kinetic Environment: Regulating Dynamic Landscapes.\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Marusek, S.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  Routledge, February 2021.\n  <span class=\"note\">Google-Books-ID: auMUEAAAQBAJ</span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/marusek-lawandthekineticenvironmentregulatingdynamiclandscapes-2021\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('marusek-lawandthekineticenvironmentregulatingdynamiclandscapes-2021')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@book{marusek_law_2021,\n\ttitle = {Law and the {Kinetic} {Environment}: {Regulating} {Dynamic} {Landscapes}},\n\tisbn = {978-1-315-30935-4},\n\tshorttitle = {Law and the {Kinetic} {Environment}},\n\tabstract = {This book addresses the legal-geographical implications of the fact that landscapes are not static, but dynamic. Within the field of legal geography, the spatial relationship of law to landscape is usually considered to be static. Environments are often considered fixed, and consequently inert, as places that literally don’t go anywhere. Typically, then, it is what happens in these places, rather than the place itself, that commands academic attention. In contrast to this static viewpoint, Law and the Kinetic Environment considers how many landscapes are in flux and, as a result, may be seen as dynamic. Natural phenomena, such as oozing lava, moving glaciers, or bubbling geothermal pools, challenge and test the normative conceptualizations of stability of place, property ownership, and legal regulation. Consequently, such dynamic landscapes enliven and transform law, offering new jurisprudential insights into what law is and how it operates in response to the kineticism that, this book argues is, to some degree, inherent in all landscapes. This original engagement with legal geography will appeal to those with general interests in this area, as well as specific concerns with questions of law and place, property and the environment.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tpublisher = {Routledge},\n\tauthor = {Marusek, Sarah},\n\tmonth = feb,\n\tyear = {2021},\n\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: auMUEAAAQBAJ},\n\tkeywords = {Architecture / Landscape, Law / Environmental, Law / General, Law / Jurisprudence, Law / Land Use, Law / Property, Nature / Earthquakes \\&amp; Volcanoes, Nature / Natural Disasters, Social Science / Human Geography, Technology \\&amp; Engineering / Environmental / General},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  This book addresses the legal-geographical implications of the fact that landscapes are not static, but dynamic. Within the field of legal geography, the spatial relationship of law to landscape is usually considered to be static. Environments are often considered fixed, and consequently inert, as places that literally don’t go anywhere. Typically, then, it is what happens in these places, rather than the place itself, that commands academic attention. In contrast to this static viewpoint, Law and the Kinetic Environment considers how many landscapes are in flux and, as a result, may be seen as dynamic. Natural phenomena, such as oozing lava, moving glaciers, or bubbling geothermal pools, challenge and test the normative conceptualizations of stability of place, property ownership, and legal regulation. Consequently, such dynamic landscapes enliven and transform law, offering new jurisprudential insights into what law is and how it operates in response to the kineticism that, this book argues is, to some degree, inherent in all landscapes. This original engagement with legal geography will appeal to those with general interests in this area, as well as specific concerns with questions of law and place, property and the environment.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"fujii-wood-showtimethelogicandpowerofviolentdisplay-2021\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.7591/j.ctv1ffpcwm\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'fujii-wood-showtimethelogicandpowerofviolentdisplay-2021', 'http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.7591/j.ctv1ffpcwm', event);\">\n    Show Time: The Logic and Power of Violent Display.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Fujii, L. A.;  and Wood, E. J.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  Cornell University Press,  2021.\n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.7591/j.ctv1ffpcwm\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('fujii-wood-showtimethelogicandpowerofviolentdisplay-2021', 'http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.7591/j.ctv1ffpcwm', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"Show Time: The Logic and Power of Violent Display [link]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/fujii-wood-showtimethelogicandpowerofviolentdisplay-2021\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('fujii-wood-showtimethelogicandpowerofviolentdisplay-2021')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@book{fujii_show_2021,\n\ttitle = {Show {Time}: {The} {Logic} and {Power} of {Violent} {Display}},\n\tisbn = {978-1-5017-5854-6},\n\turl = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.7591/j.ctv1ffpcwm},\n\tabstract = {{\\textless}strong{\\textgreater}In{\\textless}/strong{\\textgreater} {\\textless}strong{\\textgreater}{\\textless}em{\\textgreater}Show Time{\\textless}/em{\\textgreater}{\\textless}/strong{\\textgreater}\n{\\textless}strong{\\textgreater}, Lee Ann Fujii asks why some perpetrators of political\nviolence, from lynch mobs to genocidal killers, display their acts of violence so publicly and extravagantly.{\\textless}/strong{\\textgreater} Closely\nexamining three horrific and extreme episodes-the murder of a\nprominent Tutsi family amidst the genocide in Rwanda, the execution of Muslim men in a Serb-controlled village in Bosnia during the\nBalkan Wars, and the lynching of a twenty-two-year old Black\nfarmhand on Maryland&#x27;s Eastern Shore in 1933-Fujii shows how\n&quot;violent displays&quot; are staged to not merely to kill those perceived to be enemies or threats, but also to affect and influence\nobservers, neighbors, and the larger society.\n\nWatching and participating in these violent displays profoundly\ntransforms those involved, reinforcing political identities, social hierarchies, and power structures. Such public spectacles of\nviolence also force members of the community to choose sides-openly show support for the goals of the violence, or risk becoming\nvictims, themselves. Tracing the ways in which public displays of violence unfold, {\\textless}em{\\textgreater}Show Time{\\textless}/em{\\textgreater} reveals how the perpetrators\nexploit the fluidity of social ties for their own ends.},\n\turldate = {2024-08-14},\n\tpublisher = {Cornell University Press},\n\tauthor = {Fujii, Lee Ann and Wood, Elisabeth Jean},\n\teditor = {Finnemore, Martha},\n\tyear = {2021},\n}\n\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  \\textlessstrong\\textgreaterIn\\textless/strong\\textgreater \\textlessstrong\\textgreater\\textlessem\\textgreaterShow Time\\textless/em\\textgreater\\textless/strong\\textgreater \\textlessstrong\\textgreater, Lee Ann Fujii asks why some perpetrators of political violence, from lynch mobs to genocidal killers, display their acts of violence so publicly and extravagantly.\\textless/strong\\textgreater Closely examining three horrific and extreme episodes-the murder of a prominent Tutsi family amidst the genocide in Rwanda, the execution of Muslim men in a Serb-controlled village in Bosnia during the Balkan Wars, and the lynching of a twenty-two-year old Black farmhand on Maryland's Eastern Shore in 1933-Fujii shows how \"violent displays\" are staged to not merely to kill those perceived to be enemies or threats, but also to affect and influence observers, neighbors, and the larger society. Watching and participating in these violent displays profoundly transforms those involved, reinforcing political identities, social hierarchies, and power structures. Such public spectacles of violence also force members of the community to choose sides-openly show support for the goals of the violence, or risk becoming victims, themselves. Tracing the ways in which public displays of violence unfold, \\textlessem\\textgreaterShow Time\\textless/em\\textgreater reveals how the perpetrators exploit the fluidity of social ties for their own ends.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"cramer-birthingamovementmidwiveslawandthepoliticsofreproductivecare-2021\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  Birthing a Movement: Midwives, Law, and the Politics of Reproductive Care.\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Cramer, R. A.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  Stanford University Press, Stanford,  2021.\n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/cramer-birthingamovementmidwiveslawandthepoliticsofreproductivecare-2021\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('cramer-birthingamovementmidwiveslawandthepoliticsofreproductivecare-2021')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@book{cramer_birthing_2021,\n\taddress = {Stanford},\n\ttitle = {Birthing a {Movement}: {Midwives}, {Law}, and the {Politics} of {Reproductive} {Care}},\n\tisbn = {978-1-5036-0983-9},\n\tshorttitle = {Birthing a {Movement}},\n\tabstract = {Rich, personal stories shed light on midwives at the frontier of women&#x27;s reproductive rights.Midwives in the United States live and work in a complex regulatory environment that is a direct result of state and medical intervention into women&#x27;s reproductive capacity. In Birthing a Movement, Renée Ann Cramer draws on over a decade of ethnographic and archival research to examine the interactions of law, politics, and activism surrounding midwifery care. Framed by gripping narratives from midwives across the country, she parses out the often-paradoxical priorities with which they must engage—seeking formal professionalization, advocating for reproductive justice, and resisting state-centered approaches. Currently, professional midwives are legal and regulated in their practice in 32 states and illegal in eight, where their practice could bring felony convictions and penalties that include imprisonment. In the remaining ten states, Certified Professional Midwives (CPMs) are unregulated, but nominally legal. By studying states where CPMs have differing legal statuses, Cramer makes the case that midwives and their clients engage in various forms of mobilization—at times simultaneous, and at times inconsistent—to facilitate access to care, autonomy in childbirth, and the articulation of women&#x27;s authority in reproduction. This book brings together literatures not frequently in conversation with one another, on regulation, mobilization, health policy, and gender, offering a multifaceted view of the experiences and politics of American midwifery, and promising rich insights to a wide array of scholars, activists, healthcare professionals alike.},\n\tpublisher = {Stanford University Press},\n\tauthor = {Cramer, Renée Ann},\n\tyear = {2021},\n\tkeywords = {Law -- Race and Gender, Politics -- United States, Sociology -- Gender and Sexuality},\n}\n\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  Rich, personal stories shed light on midwives at the frontier of women's reproductive rights.Midwives in the United States live and work in a complex regulatory environment that is a direct result of state and medical intervention into women's reproductive capacity. In Birthing a Movement, Renée Ann Cramer draws on over a decade of ethnographic and archival research to examine the interactions of law, politics, and activism surrounding midwifery care. Framed by gripping narratives from midwives across the country, she parses out the often-paradoxical priorities with which they must engage—seeking formal professionalization, advocating for reproductive justice, and resisting state-centered approaches. Currently, professional midwives are legal and regulated in their practice in 32 states and illegal in eight, where their practice could bring felony convictions and penalties that include imprisonment. In the remaining ten states, Certified Professional Midwives (CPMs) are unregulated, but nominally legal. By studying states where CPMs have differing legal statuses, Cramer makes the case that midwives and their clients engage in various forms of mobilization—at times simultaneous, and at times inconsistent—to facilitate access to care, autonomy in childbirth, and the articulation of women's authority in reproduction. This book brings together literatures not frequently in conversation with one another, on regulation, mobilization, health policy, and gender, offering a multifaceted view of the experiences and politics of American midwifery, and promising rich insights to a wide array of scholars, activists, healthcare professionals alike.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"bruyneel-settlermemorythedisavowalofindigeneityandthepoliticsofraceintheunitedstates-2021\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.5149/9781469665252_bruyneel\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'bruyneel-settlermemorythedisavowalofindigeneityandthepoliticsofraceintheunitedstates-2021', 'http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.5149/9781469665252_bruyneel', event);\">\n    Settler Memory: The Disavowal of Indigeneity and the Politics of Race in the United States.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Bruyneel, K.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  University of North Carolina Press,  2021.\n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.5149/9781469665252_bruyneel\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('bruyneel-settlermemorythedisavowalofindigeneityandthepoliticsofraceintheunitedstates-2021', 'http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.5149/9781469665252_bruyneel', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"Settler Memory: The Disavowal of Indigeneity and the Politics of Race in the United States [link]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/bruyneel-settlermemorythedisavowalofindigeneityandthepoliticsofraceintheunitedstates-2021\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('bruyneel-settlermemorythedisavowalofindigeneityandthepoliticsofraceintheunitedstates-2021')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@book{bruyneel_settler_2021,\n\ttitle = {Settler {Memory}: {The} {Disavowal} of {Indigeneity} and the {Politics} of {Race} in the {United} {States}},\n\tisbn = {978-1-4696-6523-8},\n\turl = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.5149/9781469665252_bruyneel},\n\tabstract = {Faint traces of Indigenous people and their histories abound in American media, memory, and myths. Indigeneity often remains absent or invisible, however, especially in contemporary political and intellectual discourse about white supremacy, anti-Blackness, and racism in general. In this ambitious new book, Kevin Bruyneel confronts the chronic displacement of Indigeneity in the politics and discourse around race in American political theory and culture, arguing that the ongoing influence of settler-colonialism has undermined efforts to understand Indigenous politics while also hindering conversation around race itself. By reexamining major episodes, texts, writers, and memories of the political past from the seventeenth century to the present, Bruyneel reveals the power of settler memory at work in the persistent disavowal of Indigeneity. He also shows how Indigenous and Black intellectuals have understood ties between racism and white settler memory, even as the settler dimensions of whiteness are frequently erased in our discourse about race, whether in conflicts over Indian mascotry or the white nationalist underpinnings of Trumpism. Envisioning a new political future, Bruyneel challenges readers to refuse settler memory and consider a third reconstruction that can meaningfully link antiracism and anticolonialism.},\n\turldate = {2024-08-14},\n\tpublisher = {University of North Carolina Press},\n\tauthor = {Bruyneel, Kevin},\n\tyear = {2021},\n}\n\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  Faint traces of Indigenous people and their histories abound in American media, memory, and myths. Indigeneity often remains absent or invisible, however, especially in contemporary political and intellectual discourse about white supremacy, anti-Blackness, and racism in general. In this ambitious new book, Kevin Bruyneel confronts the chronic displacement of Indigeneity in the politics and discourse around race in American political theory and culture, arguing that the ongoing influence of settler-colonialism has undermined efforts to understand Indigenous politics while also hindering conversation around race itself. By reexamining major episodes, texts, writers, and memories of the political past from the seventeenth century to the present, Bruyneel reveals the power of settler memory at work in the persistent disavowal of Indigeneity. He also shows how Indigenous and Black intellectuals have understood ties between racism and white settler memory, even as the settler dimensions of whiteness are frequently erased in our discourse about race, whether in conflicts over Indian mascotry or the white nationalist underpinnings of Trumpism. Envisioning a new political future, Bruyneel challenges readers to refuse settler memory and consider a third reconstruction that can meaningfully link antiracism and anticolonialism.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"shesterinina-mobilizinginuncertaintycornelluniversitypressbooklaunch-2021\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"https://digitalmedia.sheffield.ac.uk/media/Mobilizing+in+Uncertainty+%28Cornell+University+Press%29+Book+Launch/1_1d99wao6\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'shesterinina-mobilizinginuncertaintycornelluniversitypressbooklaunch-2021', 'https://digitalmedia.sheffield.ac.uk/media/Mobilizing+in+Uncertainty+%28Cornell+University+Press%29+Book+Launch/1_1d99wao6', event);\">\n    Mobilizing in Uncertainty (Cornell University Press) Book Launch.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Shesterinina, A.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n   2021.\n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"https://digitalmedia.sheffield.ac.uk/media/Mobilizing+in+Uncertainty+%28Cornell+University+Press%29+Book+Launch/1_1d99wao6\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('shesterinina-mobilizinginuncertaintycornelluniversitypressbooklaunch-2021', 'https://digitalmedia.sheffield.ac.uk/media/Mobilizing+in+Uncertainty+%28Cornell+University+Press%29+Book+Launch/1_1d99wao6', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"Mobilizing in Uncertainty (Cornell University Press) Book Launch [link]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/shesterinina-mobilizinginuncertaintycornelluniversitypressbooklaunch-2021\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('shesterinina-mobilizinginuncertaintycornelluniversitypressbooklaunch-2021')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@misc{shesterinina_mobilizing_2021,\n\ttitle = {Mobilizing in {Uncertainty} ({Cornell} {University} {Press}) {Book} {Launch}},\n\turl = {https://digitalmedia.sheffield.ac.uk/media/Mobilizing+in+Uncertainty+%28Cornell+University+Press%29+Book+Launch/1_1d99wao6},\n\tabstract = {Mobilizing in Uncertainty: Collective Identities and War in Abkhazia Author:Anastasia Shesterinina, Department of Politics and International Relations, the University of Sheffield In conversation with:Laurence Broers, South Caucasus Programme Director, Conciliation Resources and Associate Fellow, Russia and Eurasia Programme, Chatham House Chair: Simon Rushton, Department of Politics and International Relations, the University of Sheffield\nThe book launch is part of the Processes of Conflict and Peace Seminar Series hosted at the Centre for the Comparative Study of Civil War at the Department of Politics and International Relations, the University of Sheffield.\nWednesday, 24 March 202115:30-17:00 GMT},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\turldate = {2024-08-14},\n\tauthor = {Shesterinina, Anastasia},\n\tyear = {2021},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  Mobilizing in Uncertainty: Collective Identities and War in Abkhazia Author:Anastasia Shesterinina, Department of Politics and International Relations, the University of Sheffield In conversation with:Laurence Broers, South Caucasus Programme Director, Conciliation Resources and Associate Fellow, Russia and Eurasia Programme, Chatham House Chair: Simon Rushton, Department of Politics and International Relations, the University of Sheffield The book launch is part of the Processes of Conflict and Peace Seminar Series hosted at the Centre for the Comparative Study of Civil War at the Department of Politics and International Relations, the University of Sheffield. Wednesday, 24 March 202115:30-17:00 GMT\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"shesterinina-mobilizinginuncertaintybyanastasiashesterininatextbarhardcover-2021\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"https://www.cornellpress.cornell.edu/book/9781501753763/mobilizing-in-uncertainty/\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'shesterinina-mobilizinginuncertaintybyanastasiashesterininatextbarhardcover-2021', 'https://www.cornellpress.cornell.edu/book/9781501753763/mobilizing-in-uncertainty/', event);\">\n    Mobilizing in Uncertainty by Anastasia Shesterinina \\textbar Hardcover.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Shesterinina, A.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  Cornell University Press, March 2021.\n  <span class=\"note\">https://digitalmedia.sheffield.ac.uk/id/1_1d99wao6?fbclid=IwAR1Tq6aRfscQXC-mdeGgWZ_Ses4TE3nu5EkZhE7-d2_BgDZ6CiwBo7kK0yo</span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"https://www.cornellpress.cornell.edu/book/9781501753763/mobilizing-in-uncertainty/\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('shesterinina-mobilizinginuncertaintybyanastasiashesterininatextbarhardcover-2021', 'https://www.cornellpress.cornell.edu/book/9781501753763/mobilizing-in-uncertainty/', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"Mobilizing in Uncertainty by Anastasia Shesterinina \\textbar Hardcover [link]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/shesterinina-mobilizinginuncertaintybyanastasiashesterininatextbarhardcover-2021\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('shesterinina-mobilizinginuncertaintybyanastasiashesterininatextbarhardcover-2021')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@book{shesterinina_mobilizing_2021,\n\ttitle = {Mobilizing in {Uncertainty} by {Anastasia} {Shesterinina} {\\textbar} {Hardcover}},\n\tisbn = {978-1-5017-5376-3},\n\turl = {https://www.cornellpress.cornell.edu/book/9781501753763/mobilizing-in-uncertainty/},\n\tabstract = {Winner of the Davis Center Book Prize in Political and Social StudiesCo-winner of the Charles Taylor Book AwardHow do ordinary people navigate the intense uncertainty of the onset of war? Individuals...},\n\tlanguage = {en-US},\n\turldate = {2024-08-14},\n\tpublisher = {Cornell University Press},\n\tauthor = {Shesterinina, Anastasia},\n\tmonth = mar,\n\tyear = {2021},\n\tnote = {https://digitalmedia.sheffield.ac.uk/id/1\\_1d99wao6?fbclid=IwAR1Tq6aRfscQXC-mdeGgWZ\\_Ses4TE3nu5EkZhE7-d2\\_BgDZ6CiwBo7kK0yo},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  Winner of the Davis Center Book Prize in Political and Social StudiesCo-winner of the Charles Taylor Book AwardHow do ordinary people navigate the intense uncertainty of the onset of war? Individuals...\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"majic-publicizingtheinvisiblecelebritiesantihumantraffickingactivismandfeministideologies-2021\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093/sp/jxz040\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'majic-publicizingtheinvisiblecelebritiesantihumantraffickingactivismandfeministideologies-2021', 'https://doi.org/10.1093/sp/jxz040', event);\">\n    Publicizing the (In)visible? Celebrities, Anti-Human Trafficking Activism, and Feminist Ideologies.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Majic, S.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  <i>Social Politics: International Studies in Gender, State & Society</i>, 28(1): 94–118. March 2021.\n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093/sp/jxz040\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('majic-publicizingtheinvisiblecelebritiesantihumantraffickingactivismandfeministideologies-2021', 'https://doi.org/10.1093/sp/jxz040', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"Publicizing the (In)visible? Celebrities, Anti-Human Trafficking Activism, and Feminist Ideologies [link]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.org/10.1093/sp/jxz040\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('majic-publicizingtheinvisiblecelebritiesantihumantraffickingactivismandfeministideologies-2021', 'http://doi.org/10.1093/sp/jxz040', event.ctrlKey)\"\n     class=\"bibbase doi link\">\n    <span>doi</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/majic-publicizingtheinvisiblecelebritiesantihumantraffickingactivismandfeministideologies-2021\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('majic-publicizingtheinvisiblecelebritiesantihumantraffickingactivismandfeministideologies-2021')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@article{majic_publicizing_2021,\n\ttitle = {Publicizing the ({In})visible? {Celebrities}, {Anti}-{Human} {Trafficking} {Activism}, and {Feminist} {Ideologies}},\n\tvolume = {28},\n\tissn = {1072-4745},\n\turl = {https://doi.org/10.1093/sp/jxz040},\n\tdoi = {10.1093/sp/jxz040},\n\tabstract = {This article examines celebrities’ anti-human trafficking activism from 2000 to 2016 to interpret how they use their fame and personal experiences to publicize feminist issues. Drawing from an original dataset, I argue first that celebrities represent human trafficking in ways that circulate various feminist ideologies. Next, I juxtapose Ashley Judd and Jada Pinkett Smith to examine how individual celebrities adopt, reflect, and complicate these representations and ideologies, arguing here that celebrities variously deploy their personal stories to challenge and reinforce race and gender hierarchies. The conclusion considers this research’s broader implications for understanding celebrities, feminism, and policy debates.},\n\tnumber = {1},\n\turldate = {2024-08-14},\n\tjournal = {Social Politics: International Studies in Gender, State \\&amp; Society},\n\tauthor = {Majic, Samantha},\n\tmonth = mar,\n\tyear = {2021},\n\tpages = {94--118},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  This article examines celebrities’ anti-human trafficking activism from 2000 to 2016 to interpret how they use their fame and personal experiences to publicize feminist issues. Drawing from an original dataset, I argue first that celebrities represent human trafficking in ways that circulate various feminist ideologies. Next, I juxtapose Ashley Judd and Jada Pinkett Smith to examine how individual celebrities adopt, reflect, and complicate these representations and ideologies, arguing here that celebrities variously deploy their personal stories to challenge and reinforce race and gender hierarchies. The conclusion considers this research’s broader implications for understanding celebrities, feminism, and policy debates.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"forrest-stevenlubetsamericandilemma-2021\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/21565503.2021.1962373\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'forrest-stevenlubetsamericandilemma-2021', 'https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/21565503.2021.1962373', event);\">\n    Steven Lubet’s American dilemma.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Forrest, D.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  <i>Politics, Groups, and Identities</i>. August 2021.\n  <span class=\"note\">Publisher: Routledge</span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/21565503.2021.1962373\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('forrest-stevenlubetsamericandilemma-2021', 'https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/21565503.2021.1962373', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"Steven Lubet’s American dilemma [link]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/forrest-stevenlubetsamericandilemma-2021\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('forrest-stevenlubetsamericandilemma-2021')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@article{forrest_steven_2021,\n\ttitle = {Steven {Lubet}’s {American} dilemma},\n\tcopyright = {© 2021 Western Political Science Association},\n\tissn = {2156-5503},\n\turl = {https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/21565503.2021.1962373},\n\tabstract = {This essay examines the ideological underpinnings of Steven Lubet’s Interrogating Ethnography. I argue that Lubet’s text draws from an ideological tradition best exemplified by An American Dilemma,...},\n\tlanguage = {EN},\n\turldate = {2024-08-14},\n\tjournal = {Politics, Groups, and Identities},\n\tauthor = {Forrest, David},\n\tmonth = aug,\n\tyear = {2021},\n\tnote = {Publisher: Routledge},\n}\n\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  This essay examines the ideological underpinnings of Steven Lubet’s Interrogating Ethnography. I argue that Lubet’s text draws from an ideological tradition best exemplified by An American Dilemma,...\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"yanow-tryinglubetsethnographyonmethodologywritingandethics-2021\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/21565503.2021.1963993\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'yanow-tryinglubetsethnographyonmethodologywritingandethics-2021', 'https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/21565503.2021.1963993', event);\">\n    Trying Lubet's ethnography: On methodology, writing, and ethics.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Yanow, D.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  <i>Politics, Groups, and Identities</i>. August 2021.\n  <span class=\"note\">Publisher: Routledge</span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/21565503.2021.1963993\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('yanow-tryinglubetsethnographyonmethodologywritingandethics-2021', 'https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/21565503.2021.1963993', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"Trying Lubet&#x27;s ethnography: On methodology, writing, and ethics [link]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/yanow-tryinglubetsethnographyonmethodologywritingandethics-2021\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('yanow-tryinglubetsethnographyonmethodologywritingandethics-2021')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@article{yanow_trying_2021,\n\ttitle = {Trying {Lubet}&#x27;s ethnography: {On} methodology, writing, and ethics},\n\tcopyright = {© 2021 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor \\&amp; Francis Group},\n\tissn = {2156-5503},\n\tshorttitle = {Trying {Lubet}&#x27;s ethnography},\n\turl = {https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/21565503.2021.1963993},\n\tabstract = {Published in Politics, Groups, and Identities (Vol. 9, No. 4, 2021)},\n\tlanguage = {EN},\n\turldate = {2024-08-14},\n\tjournal = {Politics, Groups, and Identities},\n\tauthor = {Yanow, Dvora},\n\tmonth = aug,\n\tyear = {2021},\n\tnote = {Publisher: Routledge},\n}\n\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  Published in Politics, Groups, and Identities (Vol. 9, No. 4, 2021)\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"shesterinina-sourcesofevidenceandopennessinfieldintensiveresearchonviolentconflict-2021\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/21565503.2021.1950015\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'shesterinina-sourcesofevidenceandopennessinfieldintensiveresearchonviolentconflict-2021', 'https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/21565503.2021.1950015', event);\">\n    Sources of evidence and openness in field-intensive research on violent conflict.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Shesterinina, A.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  <i>Politics, Groups, and Identities</i>. August 2021.\n  <span class=\"note\">Publisher: Routledge</span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/21565503.2021.1950015\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('shesterinina-sourcesofevidenceandopennessinfieldintensiveresearchonviolentconflict-2021', 'https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/21565503.2021.1950015', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"Sources of evidence and openness in field-intensive research on violent conflict [link]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/shesterinina-sourcesofevidenceandopennessinfieldintensiveresearchonviolentconflict-2021\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('shesterinina-sourcesofevidenceandopennessinfieldintensiveresearchonviolentconflict-2021')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@article{shesterinina_sources_2021,\n\ttitle = {Sources of evidence and openness in field-intensive research on violent conflict},\n\tcopyright = {© 2021 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor \\&amp; Francis Group},\n\tissn = {2156-5503},\n\turl = {https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/21565503.2021.1950015},\n\tabstract = {This article engages with Steven Lubet’s arguments in Interrogating Ethnography on reliability of evidence and replication of findings in ethnographic research. It draws on eight months of immersiv...},\n\tlanguage = {EN},\n\turldate = {2024-08-14},\n\tjournal = {Politics, Groups, and Identities},\n\tauthor = {Shesterinina, Anastasia},\n\tmonth = aug,\n\tyear = {2021},\n\tnote = {Publisher: Routledge},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  This article engages with Steven Lubet’s arguments in Interrogating Ethnography on reliability of evidence and replication of findings in ethnographic research. It draws on eight months of immersiv...\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"batt-interpretivesufficiencywhereevidenceinjournalismandethnographymeet-2021\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/21565503.2021.1960868\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'batt-interpretivesufficiencywhereevidenceinjournalismandethnographymeet-2021', 'https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/21565503.2021.1960868', event);\">\n    Interpretive sufficiency: where evidence in journalism and ethnography meet.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Batt, S.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  <i>Politics, Groups, and Identities</i>. August 2021.\n  <span class=\"note\">Publisher: Routledge</span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/21565503.2021.1960868\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('batt-interpretivesufficiencywhereevidenceinjournalismandethnographymeet-2021', 'https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/21565503.2021.1960868', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"Interpretive sufficiency: where evidence in journalism and ethnography meet [link]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/batt-interpretivesufficiencywhereevidenceinjournalismandethnographymeet-2021\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('batt-interpretivesufficiencywhereevidenceinjournalismandethnographymeet-2021')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@article{batt_interpretive_2021,\n\ttitle = {Interpretive sufficiency: where evidence in journalism and ethnography meet},\n\tcopyright = {© 2021 Western Political Science Association},\n\tissn = {2156-5503},\n\tshorttitle = {Interpretive sufficiency},\n\turl = {https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/21565503.2021.1960868},\n\tabstract = {In Interrogating Ethnography, Steven Lubet urges ethnographers to adopt norms of journalism to improve their standards of accuracy and ethics. I examine the purpose and separate evolutions of ethno...},\n\tlanguage = {EN},\n\turldate = {2024-08-14},\n\tjournal = {Politics, Groups, and Identities},\n\tauthor = {Batt, Sharon},\n\tmonth = aug,\n\tyear = {2021},\n\tnote = {Publisher: Routledge},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  In Interrogating Ethnography, Steven Lubet urges ethnographers to adopt norms of journalism to improve their standards of accuracy and ethics. I examine the purpose and separate evolutions of ethno...\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"cheesman-readingpaperworkrealistically-2021\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/21565503.2021.1960869\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'cheesman-readingpaperworkrealistically-2021', 'https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/21565503.2021.1960869', event);\">\n    Reading paperwork realistically.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Cheesman, N.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  <i>Politics, Groups, and Identities</i>. August 2021.\n  <span class=\"note\">Publisher: Routledge</span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/21565503.2021.1960869\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('cheesman-readingpaperworkrealistically-2021', 'https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/21565503.2021.1960869', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"Reading paperwork realistically [link]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/cheesman-readingpaperworkrealistically-2021\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('cheesman-readingpaperworkrealistically-2021')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@article{cheesman_reading_2021,\n\ttitle = {Reading paperwork realistically},\n\tcopyright = {© 2021 Western Political Science Association},\n\tissn = {2156-5503},\n\turl = {https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/21565503.2021.1960869},\n\tabstract = {According to Steven Lubet, documentation freezes facts in time. For this reason, it is, he thinks, more reliable than other kinds of evidence. That makes it especially useful for fact checking. How...},\n\tlanguage = {EN},\n\turldate = {2024-08-14},\n\tjournal = {Politics, Groups, and Identities},\n\tauthor = {Cheesman, Nick},\n\tmonth = aug,\n\tyear = {2021},\n\tnote = {Publisher: Routledge},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  According to Steven Lubet, documentation freezes facts in time. For this reason, it is, he thinks, more reliable than other kinds of evidence. That makes it especially useful for fact checking. How...\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"yanow-ethnographyontrialintroductiontothedialogue-2021\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/21565503.2021.1963992\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'yanow-ethnographyontrialintroductiontothedialogue-2021', 'https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/21565503.2021.1963992', event);\">\n    Ethnography on Trial: Introduction to the Dialogue.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Yanow, D.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  <i>Politics, Groups, and Identities</i>. August 2021.\n  <span class=\"note\">Publisher: Routledge</span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/21565503.2021.1963992\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('yanow-ethnographyontrialintroductiontothedialogue-2021', 'https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/21565503.2021.1963992', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"Ethnography on Trial: Introduction to the Dialogue [link]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/yanow-ethnographyontrialintroductiontothedialogue-2021\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('yanow-ethnographyontrialintroductiontothedialogue-2021')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@article{yanow_ethnography_2021,\n\ttitle = {Ethnography on {Trial}: {Introduction} to the {Dialogue}},\n\tcopyright = {© 2021 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor \\&amp; Francis Group},\n\tissn = {2156-5503},\n\tshorttitle = {Ethnography on {Trial}},\n\turl = {https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/21565503.2021.1963992},\n\tabstract = {Published in Politics, Groups, and Identities (Vol. 9, No. 4, 2021)},\n\tlanguage = {EN},\n\turldate = {2024-08-14},\n\tjournal = {Politics, Groups, and Identities},\n\tauthor = {Yanow, Dvora},\n\tmonth = aug,\n\tyear = {2021},\n\tnote = {Publisher: Routledge},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  Published in Politics, Groups, and Identities (Vol. 9, No. 4, 2021)\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"forrest-stevenlubetsamericandilemma-2021\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1080/21565503.2021.1962373\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'forrest-stevenlubetsamericandilemma-2021', 'https://doi.org/10.1080/21565503.2021.1962373', event);\">\n    Steven Lubet’s American dilemma.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Forrest, D.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  <i>Politics, Groups, and Identities</i>, 9(4): 866–872. August 2021.\n  <span class=\"note\">Publisher: Routledge _eprint: https://doi.org/10.1080/21565503.2021.1962373</span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1080/21565503.2021.1962373\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('forrest-stevenlubetsamericandilemma-2021', 'https://doi.org/10.1080/21565503.2021.1962373', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"Steven Lubet’s American dilemma [link]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.org/10.1080/21565503.2021.1962373\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('forrest-stevenlubetsamericandilemma-2021', 'http://doi.org/10.1080/21565503.2021.1962373', event.ctrlKey)\"\n     class=\"bibbase doi link\">\n    <span>doi</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/forrest-stevenlubetsamericandilemma-2021\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('forrest-stevenlubetsamericandilemma-2021')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@article{forrest_steven_2021,\n\ttitle = {Steven {Lubet}’s {American} dilemma},\n\tvolume = {9},\n\tissn = {2156-5503},\n\turl = {https://doi.org/10.1080/21565503.2021.1962373},\n\tdoi = {10.1080/21565503.2021.1962373},\n\tabstract = {This essay examines the ideological underpinnings of Steven Lubet’s Interrogating Ethnography. I argue that Lubet’s text draws from an ideological tradition best exemplified by An American Dilemma, Gunnar Myrdal’s influential 1944 study of U.S. race relations. This tradition posits the notion of an enduring and egalitarian American Creed, which ensures that the United States’ liberal-democratic institutions are fundamentally decent and fair in principle. I show how an unsubstantiated belief in the American Creed informs Lubet’s claims about contemporary ethnographic research and, in doing so, limits the usefulness of his text. Ultimately, I conclude, Interrogating Ethnography epitomizes the ways in which troublesome ideological frameworks continue to shape debates about social science methodology.},\n\tnumber = {4},\n\turldate = {2024-08-12},\n\tjournal = {Politics, Groups, and Identities},\n\tauthor = {Forrest, David},\n\tmonth = aug,\n\tyear = {2021},\n\tnote = {Publisher: Routledge\n\\_eprint: https://doi.org/10.1080/21565503.2021.1962373},\n\tkeywords = {American creed, Gunnar Myrdal, Steven Lubet, urban ethnography},\n\tpages = {866--872},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  This essay examines the ideological underpinnings of Steven Lubet’s Interrogating Ethnography. I argue that Lubet’s text draws from an ideological tradition best exemplified by An American Dilemma, Gunnar Myrdal’s influential 1944 study of U.S. race relations. This tradition posits the notion of an enduring and egalitarian American Creed, which ensures that the United States’ liberal-democratic institutions are fundamentally decent and fair in principle. I show how an unsubstantiated belief in the American Creed informs Lubet’s claims about contemporary ethnographic research and, in doing so, limits the usefulness of his text. Ultimately, I conclude, Interrogating Ethnography epitomizes the ways in which troublesome ideological frameworks continue to shape debates about social science methodology.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"yanow-tryinglubetsethnographyonmethodologywritingandethics-2021\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1080/21565503.2021.1963993\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'yanow-tryinglubetsethnographyonmethodologywritingandethics-2021', 'https://doi.org/10.1080/21565503.2021.1963993', event);\">\n    Trying Lubet's ethnography: On methodology, writing, and ethics.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Yanow, D.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  <i>Politics, Groups, and Identities</i>, 9(4): 858–865. August 2021.\n  <span class=\"note\">Publisher: Routledge _eprint: https://doi.org/10.1080/21565503.2021.1963993</span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1080/21565503.2021.1963993\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('yanow-tryinglubetsethnographyonmethodologywritingandethics-2021', 'https://doi.org/10.1080/21565503.2021.1963993', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"Trying Lubet&#x27;s ethnography: On methodology, writing, and ethics [link]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.org/10.1080/21565503.2021.1963993\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('yanow-tryinglubetsethnographyonmethodologywritingandethics-2021', 'http://doi.org/10.1080/21565503.2021.1963993', event.ctrlKey)\"\n     class=\"bibbase doi link\">\n    <span>doi</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/yanow-tryinglubetsethnographyonmethodologywritingandethics-2021\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('yanow-tryinglubetsethnographyonmethodologywritingandethics-2021')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@article{yanow_trying_2021,\n\ttitle = {Trying {Lubet}&#x27;s ethnography: {On} methodology, writing, and ethics},\n\tvolume = {9},\n\tissn = {2156-5503},\n\tshorttitle = {Trying {Lubet}&#x27;s ethnography},\n\turl = {https://doi.org/10.1080/21565503.2021.1963993},\n\tdoi = {10.1080/21565503.2021.1963993},\n\tnumber = {4},\n\turldate = {2024-08-12},\n\tjournal = {Politics, Groups, and Identities},\n\tauthor = {Yanow, Dvora},\n\tmonth = aug,\n\tyear = {2021},\n\tnote = {Publisher: Routledge\n\\_eprint: https://doi.org/10.1080/21565503.2021.1963993},\n\tpages = {858--865},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"shesterinina-sourcesofevidenceandopennessinfieldintensiveresearchonviolentconflict-2021\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1080/21565503.2021.1950015\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'shesterinina-sourcesofevidenceandopennessinfieldintensiveresearchonviolentconflict-2021', 'https://doi.org/10.1080/21565503.2021.1950015', event);\">\n    Sources of evidence and openness in field-intensive research on violent conflict.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Shesterinina, A.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  <i>Politics, Groups, and Identities</i>, 9(4): 851–857. August 2021.\n  <span class=\"note\">Publisher: Routledge _eprint: https://doi.org/10.1080/21565503.2021.1950015</span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1080/21565503.2021.1950015\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('shesterinina-sourcesofevidenceandopennessinfieldintensiveresearchonviolentconflict-2021', 'https://doi.org/10.1080/21565503.2021.1950015', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"Sources of evidence and openness in field-intensive research on violent conflict [link]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.org/10.1080/21565503.2021.1950015\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('shesterinina-sourcesofevidenceandopennessinfieldintensiveresearchonviolentconflict-2021', 'http://doi.org/10.1080/21565503.2021.1950015', event.ctrlKey)\"\n     class=\"bibbase doi link\">\n    <span>doi</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/shesterinina-sourcesofevidenceandopennessinfieldintensiveresearchonviolentconflict-2021\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('shesterinina-sourcesofevidenceandopennessinfieldintensiveresearchonviolentconflict-2021')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@article{shesterinina_sources_2021,\n\ttitle = {Sources of evidence and openness in field-intensive research on violent conflict},\n\tvolume = {9},\n\tissn = {2156-5503},\n\turl = {https://doi.org/10.1080/21565503.2021.1950015},\n\tdoi = {10.1080/21565503.2021.1950015},\n\tabstract = {This article engages with Steven Lubet’s arguments in Interrogating Ethnography on reliability of evidence and replication of findings in ethnographic research. It draws on eight months of immersive fieldwork on Abkhaz mobilization in the Georgian-Abkhaz war of 1992–1993 to show that field-intensive researchers who work on sensitive political topics leverage multiple sources to develop their insights and engage in reflexivity while prioritizing the safety of their research participants. It is these practices that underlie the trustworthiness of research and form the basis for the evaluation of research results rather than verification standards proposed by Lubet that do not, and cannot, apply to this kind of research.},\n\tnumber = {4},\n\turldate = {2024-08-12},\n\tjournal = {Politics, Groups, and Identities},\n\tauthor = {Shesterinina, Anastasia},\n\tmonth = aug,\n\tyear = {2021},\n\tnote = {Publisher: Routledge\n\\_eprint: https://doi.org/10.1080/21565503.2021.1950015},\n\tkeywords = {Ethnographic, methods, political knowledge, political violence},\n\tpages = {851--857},\n}\n\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  This article engages with Steven Lubet’s arguments in Interrogating Ethnography on reliability of evidence and replication of findings in ethnographic research. It draws on eight months of immersive fieldwork on Abkhaz mobilization in the Georgian-Abkhaz war of 1992–1993 to show that field-intensive researchers who work on sensitive political topics leverage multiple sources to develop their insights and engage in reflexivity while prioritizing the safety of their research participants. It is these practices that underlie the trustworthiness of research and form the basis for the evaluation of research results rather than verification standards proposed by Lubet that do not, and cannot, apply to this kind of research.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"batt-interpretivesufficiencywhereevidenceinjournalismandethnographymeet-2021\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1080/21565503.2021.1960868\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'batt-interpretivesufficiencywhereevidenceinjournalismandethnographymeet-2021', 'https://doi.org/10.1080/21565503.2021.1960868', event);\">\n    Interpretive sufficiency: where evidence in journalism and ethnography meet.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Batt, S.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  <i>Politics, Groups, and Identities</i>, 9(4): 841–850. August 2021.\n  <span class=\"note\">Publisher: Routledge _eprint: https://doi.org/10.1080/21565503.2021.1960868</span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1080/21565503.2021.1960868\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('batt-interpretivesufficiencywhereevidenceinjournalismandethnographymeet-2021', 'https://doi.org/10.1080/21565503.2021.1960868', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"Interpretive sufficiency: where evidence in journalism and ethnography meet [link]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.org/10.1080/21565503.2021.1960868\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('batt-interpretivesufficiencywhereevidenceinjournalismandethnographymeet-2021', 'http://doi.org/10.1080/21565503.2021.1960868', event.ctrlKey)\"\n     class=\"bibbase doi link\">\n    <span>doi</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/batt-interpretivesufficiencywhereevidenceinjournalismandethnographymeet-2021\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('batt-interpretivesufficiencywhereevidenceinjournalismandethnographymeet-2021')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@article{batt_interpretive_2021,\n\ttitle = {Interpretive sufficiency: where evidence in journalism and ethnography meet},\n\tvolume = {9},\n\tissn = {2156-5503},\n\tshorttitle = {Interpretive sufficiency},\n\turl = {https://doi.org/10.1080/21565503.2021.1960868},\n\tdoi = {10.1080/21565503.2021.1960868},\n\tabstract = {In Interrogating Ethnography, Steven Lubet urges ethnographers to adopt norms of journalism to improve their standards of accuracy and ethics. I examine the purpose and separate evolutions of ethnography and journalism to understand why they have standards of evidence that appear contradictory. The reasons are both epistemological and ethical. The controversies over facts and ethics in Alice Goffman’s book On the Run illustrate this divide. Yet ethnography and journalism both underwent an interpretive turn in the past half-century, each borrowing from the other. In both journalism and ethnography, interpretive approaches embrace the understanding that humans interpret reality and that power relations affect whose knowledge prevails as truth. Professional codes of ethics are negotiated sets of norms that need continual discussion to meet the demands of interpretive approaches. Lubet’s analysis reinforces an outdated mythology that “facts” can be established with clear sets of rules untouched by power and ideologies, but ethnography and long-form journalism point to interpretive sufficiency as a standard more consistent with the realities of complex communities.},\n\tnumber = {4},\n\turldate = {2024-08-12},\n\tjournal = {Politics, Groups, and Identities},\n\tauthor = {Batt, Sharon},\n\tmonth = aug,\n\tyear = {2021},\n\tnote = {Publisher: Routledge\n\\_eprint: https://doi.org/10.1080/21565503.2021.1960868},\n\tkeywords = {Ethnography, accuracy, ethics, interpretive, journalism, standards},\n\tpages = {841--850},\n}\n\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  In Interrogating Ethnography, Steven Lubet urges ethnographers to adopt norms of journalism to improve their standards of accuracy and ethics. I examine the purpose and separate evolutions of ethnography and journalism to understand why they have standards of evidence that appear contradictory. The reasons are both epistemological and ethical. The controversies over facts and ethics in Alice Goffman’s book On the Run illustrate this divide. Yet ethnography and journalism both underwent an interpretive turn in the past half-century, each borrowing from the other. In both journalism and ethnography, interpretive approaches embrace the understanding that humans interpret reality and that power relations affect whose knowledge prevails as truth. Professional codes of ethics are negotiated sets of norms that need continual discussion to meet the demands of interpretive approaches. Lubet’s analysis reinforces an outdated mythology that “facts” can be established with clear sets of rules untouched by power and ideologies, but ethnography and long-form journalism point to interpretive sufficiency as a standard more consistent with the realities of complex communities.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"cheesman-readingpaperworkrealistically-2021\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1080/21565503.2021.1960869\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'cheesman-readingpaperworkrealistically-2021', 'https://doi.org/10.1080/21565503.2021.1960869', event);\">\n    Reading paperwork realistically.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Cheesman, N.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  <i>Politics, Groups, and Identities</i>, 9(4): 835–840. August 2021.\n  <span class=\"note\">Publisher: Routledge _eprint: https://doi.org/10.1080/21565503.2021.1960869</span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1080/21565503.2021.1960869\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('cheesman-readingpaperworkrealistically-2021', 'https://doi.org/10.1080/21565503.2021.1960869', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"Reading paperwork realistically [link]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.org/10.1080/21565503.2021.1960869\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('cheesman-readingpaperworkrealistically-2021', 'http://doi.org/10.1080/21565503.2021.1960869', event.ctrlKey)\"\n     class=\"bibbase doi link\">\n    <span>doi</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/cheesman-readingpaperworkrealistically-2021\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('cheesman-readingpaperworkrealistically-2021')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@article{cheesman_reading_2021,\n\ttitle = {Reading paperwork realistically},\n\tvolume = {9},\n\tissn = {2156-5503},\n\turl = {https://doi.org/10.1080/21565503.2021.1960869},\n\tdoi = {10.1080/21565503.2021.1960869},\n\tabstract = {According to Steven Lubet, documentation freezes facts in time. For this reason, it is, he thinks, more reliable than other kinds of evidence. That makes it especially useful for fact checking. However, this is not a realistic way to read for evidence in documents. It ignores or downplays a crucial fact that inheres to all paperwork, which ethnographers have long heeded: documents do not report on facts; they render them. Ethnographically informed readings of paperwork that attend both to facts and to how they are rendered are, by contrast, realistic. In this contribution, I discuss why and illustrate with reference to two studies of policing and law in Thailand.},\n\tnumber = {4},\n\turldate = {2024-08-12},\n\tjournal = {Politics, Groups, and Identities},\n\tauthor = {Cheesman, Nick},\n\tmonth = aug,\n\tyear = {2021},\n\tnote = {Publisher: Routledge\n\\_eprint: https://doi.org/10.1080/21565503.2021.1960869},\n\tkeywords = {Steven Lubet, Thailand, ethnography, paperwork, realism, state violence},\n\tpages = {835--840},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  According to Steven Lubet, documentation freezes facts in time. For this reason, it is, he thinks, more reliable than other kinds of evidence. That makes it especially useful for fact checking. However, this is not a realistic way to read for evidence in documents. It ignores or downplays a crucial fact that inheres to all paperwork, which ethnographers have long heeded: documents do not report on facts; they render them. Ethnographically informed readings of paperwork that attend both to facts and to how they are rendered are, by contrast, realistic. In this contribution, I discuss why and illustrate with reference to two studies of policing and law in Thailand.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"yanow-ethnographyontrialintroductiontothedialogue-2021\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1080/21565503.2021.1963992\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'yanow-ethnographyontrialintroductiontothedialogue-2021', 'https://doi.org/10.1080/21565503.2021.1963992', event);\">\n    Ethnography on Trial: Introduction to the Dialogue.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Yanow, D.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  <i>Politics, Groups, and Identities</i>, 9(4): 826–834. August 2021.\n  <span class=\"note\">Publisher: Routledge _eprint: https://doi.org/10.1080/21565503.2021.1963992</span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1080/21565503.2021.1963992\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('yanow-ethnographyontrialintroductiontothedialogue-2021', 'https://doi.org/10.1080/21565503.2021.1963992', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"Ethnography on Trial: Introduction to the Dialogue [link]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.org/10.1080/21565503.2021.1963992\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('yanow-ethnographyontrialintroductiontothedialogue-2021', 'http://doi.org/10.1080/21565503.2021.1963992', event.ctrlKey)\"\n     class=\"bibbase doi link\">\n    <span>doi</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/yanow-ethnographyontrialintroductiontothedialogue-2021\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('yanow-ethnographyontrialintroductiontothedialogue-2021')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@article{yanow_ethnography_2021,\n\ttitle = {Ethnography on {Trial}: {Introduction} to the {Dialogue}},\n\tvolume = {9},\n\tissn = {2156-5503},\n\tshorttitle = {Ethnography on {Trial}},\n\turl = {https://doi.org/10.1080/21565503.2021.1963992},\n\tdoi = {10.1080/21565503.2021.1963992},\n\tnumber = {4},\n\turldate = {2024-08-12},\n\tjournal = {Politics, Groups, and Identities},\n\tauthor = {Yanow, Dvora},\n\tmonth = aug,\n\tyear = {2021},\n\tnote = {Publisher: Routledge\n\\_eprint: https://doi.org/10.1080/21565503.2021.1963992},\n\tpages = {826--834},\n}\n\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"pike-alifeoftheirowntraditionspowerandasifrealisminpoliticalanalysis-2021\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1177/0032321720921502\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'pike-alifeoftheirowntraditionspowerandasifrealisminpoliticalanalysis-2021', 'https://doi.org/10.1177/0032321720921502', event);\">\n    ‘A Life of Their Own’? Traditions, Power and ‘As If Realism’ in Political Analysis.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Pike, K.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  <i>Political Studies</i>, 69(3): 709–724. August 2021.\n  <span class=\"note\">Publisher: SAGE Publications Ltd</span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1177/0032321720921502\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('pike-alifeoftheirowntraditionspowerandasifrealisminpoliticalanalysis-2021', 'https://doi.org/10.1177/0032321720921502', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"‘A Life of Their Own’? Traditions, Power and ‘As If Realism’ in Political Analysis [link]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.org/10.1177/0032321720921502\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('pike-alifeoftheirowntraditionspowerandasifrealisminpoliticalanalysis-2021', 'http://doi.org/10.1177/0032321720921502', event.ctrlKey)\"\n     class=\"bibbase doi link\">\n    <span>doi</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/pike-alifeoftheirowntraditionspowerandasifrealisminpoliticalanalysis-2021\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('pike-alifeoftheirowntraditionspowerandasifrealisminpoliticalanalysis-2021')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@article{pike_life_2021,\n\ttitle = {‘{A} {Life} of {Their} {Own}’? {Traditions}, {Power} and ‘{As} {If} {Realism}’ in {Political} {Analysis}},\n\tvolume = {69},\n\tissn = {0032-3217},\n\tshorttitle = {‘{A} {Life} of {Their} {Own}’?},\n\turl = {https://doi.org/10.1177/0032321720921502},\n\tdoi = {10.1177/0032321720921502},\n\tabstract = {This article explores the role of tradition in the social world and offers a theory of why some traditions ‘stick’. Building on the ontological insight of ‘as if realism’, I argue that traditions are constitutive both of an actor’s beliefs and of their institutional context, and so critical to political analysis. The relative resonance of traditions can be understood as contingent upon power relations and ideational maintenance of traditions by groups of upholders – what could be termed ‘socially contingent’. Traditions help us understand why a person believes what they believe and how a person’s strategic calculations are affected by perceptions of what others believe. They exert a powerful pull to political actors as orientation tools in complex social settings and through the symbols and argumentation attached by those who uphold them. While traditions are contingent upon people’s beliefs, it is ‘as if’ they have a life of their own.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {3},\n\turldate = {2024-08-12},\n\tjournal = {Political Studies},\n\tauthor = {Pike, Karl},\n\tmonth = aug,\n\tyear = {2021},\n\tnote = {Publisher: SAGE Publications Ltd},\n\tpages = {709--724},\n}\n\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  This article explores the role of tradition in the social world and offers a theory of why some traditions ‘stick’. Building on the ontological insight of ‘as if realism’, I argue that traditions are constitutive both of an actor’s beliefs and of their institutional context, and so critical to political analysis. The relative resonance of traditions can be understood as contingent upon power relations and ideational maintenance of traditions by groups of upholders – what could be termed ‘socially contingent’. Traditions help us understand why a person believes what they believe and how a person’s strategic calculations are affected by perceptions of what others believe. They exert a powerful pull to political actors as orientation tools in complex social settings and through the symbols and argumentation attached by those who uphold them. While traditions are contingent upon people’s beliefs, it is ‘as if’ they have a life of their own.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"majic-publicizingtheinvisiblecelebritiesantihumantraffickingactivismandfeministideologies-2021\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093/sp/jxz040\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'majic-publicizingtheinvisiblecelebritiesantihumantraffickingactivismandfeministideologies-2021', 'https://doi.org/10.1093/sp/jxz040', event);\">\n    Publicizing the (In)visible? Celebrities, Anti-Human Trafficking Activism, and Feminist Ideologies.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Majic, S.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  <i>Social Politics: International Studies in Gender, State & Society</i>, 28(1): 94–118. March 2021.\n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093/sp/jxz040\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('majic-publicizingtheinvisiblecelebritiesantihumantraffickingactivismandfeministideologies-2021', 'https://doi.org/10.1093/sp/jxz040', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"Publicizing the (In)visible? Celebrities, Anti-Human Trafficking Activism, and Feminist Ideologies [link]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.org/10.1093/sp/jxz040\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('majic-publicizingtheinvisiblecelebritiesantihumantraffickingactivismandfeministideologies-2021', 'http://doi.org/10.1093/sp/jxz040', event.ctrlKey)\"\n     class=\"bibbase doi link\">\n    <span>doi</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/majic-publicizingtheinvisiblecelebritiesantihumantraffickingactivismandfeministideologies-2021\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('majic-publicizingtheinvisiblecelebritiesantihumantraffickingactivismandfeministideologies-2021')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@article{majic_publicizing_2021,\n\ttitle = {Publicizing the ({In})visible? {Celebrities}, {Anti}-{Human} {Trafficking} {Activism}, and {Feminist} {Ideologies}},\n\tvolume = {28},\n\tissn = {1072-4745},\n\tshorttitle = {Publicizing the ({In})visible?},\n\turl = {https://doi.org/10.1093/sp/jxz040},\n\tdoi = {10.1093/sp/jxz040},\n\tabstract = {This article examines celebrities’ anti-human trafficking activism from 2000 to 2016 to interpret how they use their fame and personal experiences to publicize feminist issues. Drawing from an original dataset, I argue first that celebrities represent human trafficking in ways that circulate various feminist ideologies. Next, I juxtapose Ashley Judd and Jada Pinkett Smith to examine how individual celebrities adopt, reflect, and complicate these representations and ideologies, arguing here that celebrities variously deploy their personal stories to challenge and reinforce race and gender hierarchies. The conclusion considers this research’s broader implications for understanding celebrities, feminism, and policy debates.},\n\tnumber = {1},\n\turldate = {2024-08-12},\n\tjournal = {Social Politics: International Studies in Gender, State \\&amp; Society},\n\tauthor = {Majic, Samantha},\n\tmonth = mar,\n\tyear = {2021},\n\tpages = {94--118},\n}\n\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  This article examines celebrities’ anti-human trafficking activism from 2000 to 2016 to interpret how they use their fame and personal experiences to publicize feminist issues. Drawing from an original dataset, I argue first that celebrities represent human trafficking in ways that circulate various feminist ideologies. Next, I juxtapose Ashley Judd and Jada Pinkett Smith to examine how individual celebrities adopt, reflect, and complicate these representations and ideologies, arguing here that celebrities variously deploy their personal stories to challenge and reinforce race and gender hierarchies. The conclusion considers this research’s broader implications for understanding celebrities, feminism, and policy debates.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"johansson-emotionalpracticesandlisteninginpeacebuildingpartnershipstheinvisibilitycloak-2021\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"https://www.routledge.com/Emotional-Practices-and-Listening-in-Peacebuilding-Partnerships-The-Invisibility-Cloak/Johansson/p/book/9781032060514\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'johansson-emotionalpracticesandlisteninginpeacebuildingpartnershipstheinvisibilitycloak-2021', 'https://www.routledge.com/Emotional-Practices-and-Listening-in-Peacebuilding-Partnerships-The-Invisibility-Cloak/Johansson/p/book/9781032060514', event);\">\n    Emotional Practices and Listening in Peacebuilding Partnerships: The Invisibility Cloak.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Johansson, P.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  Routledge, London, UK, November 2021.\n  <span class=\"note\">Google-Books-ID: QJtIEAAAQBAJ</span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"https://www.routledge.com/Emotional-Practices-and-Listening-in-Peacebuilding-Partnerships-The-Invisibility-Cloak/Johansson/p/book/9781032060514\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('johansson-emotionalpracticesandlisteninginpeacebuildingpartnershipstheinvisibilitycloak-2021', 'https://www.routledge.com/Emotional-Practices-and-Listening-in-Peacebuilding-Partnerships-The-Invisibility-Cloak/Johansson/p/book/9781032060514', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"Emotional Practices and Listening in Peacebuilding Partnerships: The Invisibility Cloak [link]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/johansson-emotionalpracticesandlisteninginpeacebuildingpartnershipstheinvisibilitycloak-2021\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('johansson-emotionalpracticesandlisteninginpeacebuildingpartnershipstheinvisibilitycloak-2021')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@book{johansson_emotional_2021,\n\taddress = {London, UK},\n\ttitle = {Emotional {Practices} and {Listening} in {Peacebuilding} {Partnerships}: {The} {Invisibility} {Cloak}},\n\tisbn = {978-1-00-048535-6},\n\tshorttitle = {Emotional {Practices} and {Listening} in {Peacebuilding} {Partnerships}},\n\turl = {https://www.routledge.com/Emotional-Practices-and-Listening-in-Peacebuilding-Partnerships-The-Invisibility-Cloak/Johansson/p/book/9781032060514},\n\tabstract = {This book analyzes the everyday emotions of international peacebuilding practitioners as practices that hinder – and potentially help – them to listen more receptively to their local partners. It develops ‘‘emotional practices’’ as an analytical concept by integrating critical feminist perspectives insights into practice approaches.Effective peacebuilding requires international actors to listen to local partners. This sounds simple enough but often fails in practice. Examining how everyday emotions help or hinder internationals’ receptivity to local perspectives, the book challenges the conventional wisdom that emotions do not matter – at least not those of internationals who are the privileged party in peacebuilding partnerships. The book is based on interviews with peacebuilding practitioners, donors and researchers working in the Balkans and East Africa, as well as in the UK, the US and Sweden, and gives a detailed and no-nonsense description of daily dilemmas regarding listening and partnerships. Johansson provides concrete recommendations of how internationals can practice personally, organizationally, and geopolitically to build emotional capacity that will help them listen better to local actors.Drawing on the author’s expertise in political science and peace and conflict research, this volume speaks to scholars in international relations, political theory, sociology, cultural studies, development studies, critical theory, and anthropology.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tpublisher = {Routledge},\n\tauthor = {Johansson, Pernilla},\n\tmonth = nov,\n\tyear = {2021},\n\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: QJtIEAAAQBAJ},\n\tkeywords = {Political Science / General, Political Science / Peace, Social Science / Developing \\&amp; Emerging Countries},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  This book analyzes the everyday emotions of international peacebuilding practitioners as practices that hinder – and potentially help – them to listen more receptively to their local partners. It develops ‘‘emotional practices’’ as an analytical concept by integrating critical feminist perspectives insights into practice approaches.Effective peacebuilding requires international actors to listen to local partners. This sounds simple enough but often fails in practice. Examining how everyday emotions help or hinder internationals’ receptivity to local perspectives, the book challenges the conventional wisdom that emotions do not matter – at least not those of internationals who are the privileged party in peacebuilding partnerships. The book is based on interviews with peacebuilding practitioners, donors and researchers working in the Balkans and East Africa, as well as in the UK, the US and Sweden, and gives a detailed and no-nonsense description of daily dilemmas regarding listening and partnerships. Johansson provides concrete recommendations of how internationals can practice personally, organizationally, and geopolitically to build emotional capacity that will help them listen better to local actors.Drawing on the author’s expertise in political science and peace and conflict research, this volume speaks to scholars in international relations, political theory, sociology, cultural studies, development studies, critical theory, and anthropology.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"fujii-wood-showtimethelogicandpowerofviolentdisplay-2021\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.7591/j.ctv1ffpcwm\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'fujii-wood-showtimethelogicandpowerofviolentdisplay-2021', 'http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.7591/j.ctv1ffpcwm', event);\">\n    Show Time: The Logic and Power of Violent Display.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Fujii, L. A.;  and Wood, E. J.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  Cornell University Press,  2021.\n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.7591/j.ctv1ffpcwm\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('fujii-wood-showtimethelogicandpowerofviolentdisplay-2021', 'http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.7591/j.ctv1ffpcwm', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"Show Time: The Logic and Power of Violent Display [link]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/fujii-wood-showtimethelogicandpowerofviolentdisplay-2021\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('fujii-wood-showtimethelogicandpowerofviolentdisplay-2021')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@book{fujii_show_2021,\n\ttitle = {Show {Time}: {The} {Logic} and {Power} of {Violent} {Display}},\n\tisbn = {978-1-5017-5854-6},\n\turl = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.7591/j.ctv1ffpcwm},\n\tabstract = {{\\textless}strong{\\textgreater}In{\\textless}/strong{\\textgreater} {\\textless}strong{\\textgreater}{\\textless}em{\\textgreater}Show Time{\\textless}/em{\\textgreater}{\\textless}/strong{\\textgreater}\n{\\textless}strong{\\textgreater}, Lee Ann Fujii asks why some perpetrators of political\nviolence, from lynch mobs to genocidal killers, display their acts of violence so publicly and extravagantly.{\\textless}/strong{\\textgreater} Closely\nexamining three horrific and extreme episodes-the murder of a\nprominent Tutsi family amidst the genocide in Rwanda, the execution of Muslim men in a Serb-controlled village in Bosnia during the\nBalkan Wars, and the lynching of a twenty-two-year old Black\nfarmhand on Maryland&#x27;s Eastern Shore in 1933-Fujii shows how\n&quot;violent displays&quot; are staged to not merely to kill those perceived to be enemies or threats, but also to affect and influence\nobservers, neighbors, and the larger society.\n\nWatching and participating in these violent displays profoundly\ntransforms those involved, reinforcing political identities, social hierarchies, and power structures. Such public spectacles of\nviolence also force members of the community to choose sides-openly show support for the goals of the violence, or risk becoming\nvictims, themselves. Tracing the ways in which public displays of violence unfold, {\\textless}em{\\textgreater}Show Time{\\textless}/em{\\textgreater} reveals how the perpetrators\nexploit the fluidity of social ties for their own ends.},\n\turldate = {2024-08-11},\n\tpublisher = {Cornell University Press},\n\tauthor = {Fujii, Lee Ann and Wood, Elisabeth Jean},\n\teditor = {Finnemore, Martha},\n\tyear = {2021},\n}\n\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  \\textlessstrong\\textgreaterIn\\textless/strong\\textgreater \\textlessstrong\\textgreater\\textlessem\\textgreaterShow Time\\textless/em\\textgreater\\textless/strong\\textgreater \\textlessstrong\\textgreater, Lee Ann Fujii asks why some perpetrators of political violence, from lynch mobs to genocidal killers, display their acts of violence so publicly and extravagantly.\\textless/strong\\textgreater Closely examining three horrific and extreme episodes-the murder of a prominent Tutsi family amidst the genocide in Rwanda, the execution of Muslim men in a Serb-controlled village in Bosnia during the Balkan Wars, and the lynching of a twenty-two-year old Black farmhand on Maryland's Eastern Shore in 1933-Fujii shows how \"violent displays\" are staged to not merely to kill those perceived to be enemies or threats, but also to affect and influence observers, neighbors, and the larger society. Watching and participating in these violent displays profoundly transforms those involved, reinforcing political identities, social hierarchies, and power structures. Such public spectacles of violence also force members of the community to choose sides-openly show support for the goals of the violence, or risk becoming victims, themselves. Tracing the ways in which public displays of violence unfold, \\textlessem\\textgreaterShow Time\\textless/em\\textgreater reveals how the perpetrators exploit the fluidity of social ties for their own ends.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"boswell-corbett-democracyinterpretationandtheproblemofconceptualambiguityreflectionsonthevdemprojectsstruggleswithoperationalizingdeliberativedemocracy-2021\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/abs/10.1086/713173\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'boswell-corbett-democracyinterpretationandtheproblemofconceptualambiguityreflectionsonthevdemprojectsstruggleswithoperationalizingdeliberativedemocracy-2021', 'https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/abs/10.1086/713173', event);\">\n    Democracy, Interpretation, and the “Problem” of Conceptual Ambiguity: Reflections on the V-Dem Project’s Struggles with Operationalizing Deliberative Democracy.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Boswell, J.;  and Corbett, J.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  <i>Polity</i>, 53(2): 239–263. April 2021.\n  <span class=\"note\">Publisher: The University of Chicago Press</span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/abs/10.1086/713173\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('boswell-corbett-democracyinterpretationandtheproblemofconceptualambiguityreflectionsonthevdemprojectsstruggleswithoperationalizingdeliberativedemocracy-2021', 'https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/abs/10.1086/713173', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"Democracy, Interpretation, and the “Problem” of Conceptual Ambiguity: Reflections on the V-Dem Project’s Struggles with Operationalizing Deliberative Democracy [link]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.org/10.1086/713173\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('boswell-corbett-democracyinterpretationandtheproblemofconceptualambiguityreflectionsonthevdemprojectsstruggleswithoperationalizingdeliberativedemocracy-2021', 'http://doi.org/10.1086/713173', event.ctrlKey)\"\n     class=\"bibbase doi link\">\n    <span>doi</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/boswell-corbett-democracyinterpretationandtheproblemofconceptualambiguityreflectionsonthevdemprojectsstruggleswithoperationalizingdeliberativedemocracy-2021\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('boswell-corbett-democracyinterpretationandtheproblemofconceptualambiguityreflectionsonthevdemprojectsstruggleswithoperationalizingdeliberativedemocracy-2021')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@article{boswell_democracy_2021,\n\ttitle = {Democracy, {Interpretation}, and the “{Problem}” of {Conceptual} {Ambiguity}: {Reflections} on the {V}-{Dem} {Project}’s {Struggles} with {Operationalizing} {Deliberative} {Democracy}},\n\tvolume = {53},\n\tissn = {0032-3497},\n\tshorttitle = {Democracy, {Interpretation}, and the “{Problem}” of {Conceptual} {Ambiguity}},\n\turl = {https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/abs/10.1086/713173},\n\tdoi = {10.1086/713173},\n\tabstract = {Democracy is a notoriously ambiguous concept. Political scientists typically see this ambiguity as a problem that restricts measurement and causal explanation, especially for the comparative study of democratization. Increasingly ambitious data collection efforts and sophisticated methodological approaches attempt to resolve this problem—nowhere more so than in the recent, award-winning, and highly prominent Varieties of Democracy (V-Dem) dataset. By contrast, ambiguity and contestation over what democracy actually means is key both to normative theorizing and to the capacity to re-examine and reimagine democratic practice during moments of crisis. Rather than attempting to pin down and measure democratic quality, we highlight instead the value of ambiguity to normative democratic theory and interpretive political science. We offer four reflections on V-Dem based on examples from the literature on deliberative democracy, which is the discipline’s most prominent attempt to reinvent and reinvigorate democratic practice amid crisis and disaffection. Our aim is not to reignite the paradigm wars or fundamentally question the validity of projects like V-Dem, but rather to illustrate how a more plural approach might augment their theoretical and empirical contribution. We conclude by offering concrete illustrations of what this might look like in practice.},\n\tnumber = {2},\n\turldate = {2024-08-11},\n\tjournal = {Polity},\n\tauthor = {Boswell, John and Corbett, Jack},\n\tmonth = apr,\n\tyear = {2021},\n\tnote = {Publisher: The University of Chicago Press},\n\tkeywords = {V-Dem, concept formation, deliberative democracy, democracy, democratization},\n\tpages = {239--263},\n}\n\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  Democracy is a notoriously ambiguous concept. Political scientists typically see this ambiguity as a problem that restricts measurement and causal explanation, especially for the comparative study of democratization. Increasingly ambitious data collection efforts and sophisticated methodological approaches attempt to resolve this problem—nowhere more so than in the recent, award-winning, and highly prominent Varieties of Democracy (V-Dem) dataset. By contrast, ambiguity and contestation over what democracy actually means is key both to normative theorizing and to the capacity to re-examine and reimagine democratic practice during moments of crisis. Rather than attempting to pin down and measure democratic quality, we highlight instead the value of ambiguity to normative democratic theory and interpretive political science. We offer four reflections on V-Dem based on examples from the literature on deliberative democracy, which is the discipline’s most prominent attempt to reinvent and reinvigorate democratic practice amid crisis and disaffection. Our aim is not to reignite the paradigm wars or fundamentally question the validity of projects like V-Dem, but rather to illustrate how a more plural approach might augment their theoretical and empirical contribution. We conclude by offering concrete illustrations of what this might look like in practice.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"simmons-smith-rethinkingcomparisoninnovativemethodsforqualitativepoliticalinquiry-2021\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/rethinking-comparison/7ACD40CFC796F9A00104A74E4FFE5756\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'simmons-smith-rethinkingcomparisoninnovativemethodsforqualitativepoliticalinquiry-2021', 'https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/rethinking-comparison/7ACD40CFC796F9A00104A74E4FFE5756', event);\">\n    Rethinking Comparison: Innovative Methods for Qualitative Political Inquiry.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Simmons, E. S.;  and Smith, N. R.,\n  editors.\n  \n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  Cambridge University Press, Cambridge,  2021.\n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/rethinking-comparison/7ACD40CFC796F9A00104A74E4FFE5756\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('simmons-smith-rethinkingcomparisoninnovativemethodsforqualitativepoliticalinquiry-2021', 'https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/rethinking-comparison/7ACD40CFC796F9A00104A74E4FFE5756', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"Rethinking Comparison: Innovative Methods for Qualitative Political Inquiry [link]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.org/10.1017/9781108966009\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('simmons-smith-rethinkingcomparisoninnovativemethodsforqualitativepoliticalinquiry-2021', 'http://doi.org/10.1017/9781108966009', event.ctrlKey)\"\n     class=\"bibbase doi link\">\n    <span>doi</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/simmons-smith-rethinkingcomparisoninnovativemethodsforqualitativepoliticalinquiry-2021\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('simmons-smith-rethinkingcomparisoninnovativemethodsforqualitativepoliticalinquiry-2021')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@book{simmons_rethinking_2021,\n\taddress = {Cambridge},\n\ttitle = {Rethinking {Comparison}: {Innovative} {Methods} for {Qualitative} {Political} {Inquiry}},\n\tisbn = {978-1-108-83279-3},\n\tshorttitle = {Rethinking {Comparison}},\n\turl = {https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/rethinking-comparison/7ACD40CFC796F9A00104A74E4FFE5756},\n\tabstract = {Qualitative comparative methods – and specifically controlled qualitative comparisons – are central to the study of politics. They are not the only kind of comparison, though, that can help us better understand political processes and outcomes. Yet there are few guides for how to conduct non-controlled comparative research. This volume brings together chapters from more than a dozen leading methods scholars from across the discipline of political science, including positivist and interpretivist scholars, qualitative methodologists, mixed-methods researchers, ethnographers, historians, and statisticians. Their work revolutionizes qualitative research design by diversifying the repertoire of comparative methods available to students of politics, offering readers clear suggestions for what kinds of comparisons might be possible, why they are useful, and how to execute them. By systematically thinking through how we engage in qualitative comparisons and the kinds of insights those comparisons produce, these collected essays create new possibilities to advance what we know about politics.},\n\turldate = {2024-08-08},\n\tpublisher = {Cambridge University Press},\n\teditor = {Simmons, Erica S. and Smith, Nicholas Rush},\n\tyear = {2021},\n\tdoi = {10.1017/9781108966009},\n}\n\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  Qualitative comparative methods – and specifically controlled qualitative comparisons – are central to the study of politics. They are not the only kind of comparison, though, that can help us better understand political processes and outcomes. Yet there are few guides for how to conduct non-controlled comparative research. This volume brings together chapters from more than a dozen leading methods scholars from across the discipline of political science, including positivist and interpretivist scholars, qualitative methodologists, mixed-methods researchers, ethnographers, historians, and statisticians. Their work revolutionizes qualitative research design by diversifying the repertoire of comparative methods available to students of politics, offering readers clear suggestions for what kinds of comparisons might be possible, why they are useful, and how to execute them. By systematically thinking through how we engage in qualitative comparisons and the kinds of insights those comparisons produce, these collected essays create new possibilities to advance what we know about politics.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"vandamme-bringingresearchersbackindebatingtheroleofinterpretiveepistemologyinglobalir-2021\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093/isr/viaa099\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'vandamme-bringingresearchersbackindebatingtheroleofinterpretiveepistemologyinglobalir-2021', 'https://doi.org/10.1093/isr/viaa099', event);\">\n    Bringing Researchers Back In: Debating the Role of Interpretive Epistemology in Global IR.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Vandamme, D.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  <i>International Studies Review</i>, 23(2): 370–390. June 2021.\n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093/isr/viaa099\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('vandamme-bringingresearchersbackindebatingtheroleofinterpretiveepistemologyinglobalir-2021', 'https://doi.org/10.1093/isr/viaa099', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"Bringing Researchers Back In: Debating the Role of Interpretive Epistemology in Global IR [link]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.org/10.1093/isr/viaa099\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('vandamme-bringingresearchersbackindebatingtheroleofinterpretiveepistemologyinglobalir-2021', 'http://doi.org/10.1093/isr/viaa099', event.ctrlKey)\"\n     class=\"bibbase doi link\">\n    <span>doi</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/vandamme-bringingresearchersbackindebatingtheroleofinterpretiveepistemologyinglobalir-2021\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('vandamme-bringingresearchersbackindebatingtheroleofinterpretiveepistemologyinglobalir-2021')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@article{vandamme_bringing_2021,\n\ttitle = {Bringing {Researchers} {Back} {In}: {Debating} the {Role} of {Interpretive} {Epistemology} in {Global} {IR}},\n\tvolume = {23},\n\tissn = {1521-9488},\n\tshorttitle = {Bringing {Researchers} {Back} {In}},\n\turl = {https://doi.org/10.1093/isr/viaa099},\n\tdoi = {10.1093/isr/viaa099},\n\tabstract = {The article discusses interpretive epistemology in international relations (IR) and its advantages to address the field&#x27;s sociological composition, its scholars’ identity, and knowledge structuration. The research proposes to engage in sociological reflexivity on IR methods and the way in which knowledge accumulation and structuration are driven by canonical assumptions of what are considered “normal”/“good” scientific procedures. The central argument focuses on interpretive epistemological approaches as possible venues for research to participate in the collective effort to address, and redress, the imbalance between the sociology of the field and its knowledge production and structuration processes. By allowing dialogue around meanings and interpretation among increasingly diverse members, an interpretive stance on IR opens the floor to criticism and rival interpretations. More specifically, the paper presents the methodology of interpretive phenomenological analysis as a method which both emphasizes context and actor specificity with regard to the subject of study and fully acknowledges the researcher&#x27;s identity and voice in scientific inquiry.},\n\tnumber = {2},\n\turldate = {2024-08-09},\n\tjournal = {International Studies Review},\n\tauthor = {Vandamme, Dorothée},\n\tmonth = jun,\n\tyear = {2021},\n\tpages = {370--390},\n}\n\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  The article discusses interpretive epistemology in international relations (IR) and its advantages to address the field's sociological composition, its scholars’ identity, and knowledge structuration. The research proposes to engage in sociological reflexivity on IR methods and the way in which knowledge accumulation and structuration are driven by canonical assumptions of what are considered “normal”/“good” scientific procedures. The central argument focuses on interpretive epistemological approaches as possible venues for research to participate in the collective effort to address, and redress, the imbalance between the sociology of the field and its knowledge production and structuration processes. By allowing dialogue around meanings and interpretation among increasingly diverse members, an interpretive stance on IR opens the floor to criticism and rival interpretations. More specifically, the paper presents the methodology of interpretive phenomenological analysis as a method which both emphasizes context and actor specificity with regard to the subject of study and fully acknowledges the researcher's identity and voice in scientific inquiry.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"udani-dobbs-thepraxisofpartnershipincivicallyengagedresearch-2021\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/ps-political-science-and-politics/article/abs/praxis-of-partnership-in-civically-engaged-research/28DA405655F49FE2A1A40BED4747D1F9\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'udani-dobbs-thepraxisofpartnershipincivicallyengagedresearch-2021', 'https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/ps-political-science-and-politics/article/abs/praxis-of-partnership-in-civically-engaged-research/28DA405655F49FE2A1A40BED4747D1F9', event);\">\n    The Praxis of Partnership in Civically Engaged Research.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Udani, A.;  and Dobbs, K. L.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  <i>PS: Political Science & Politics</i>, 54(4): 725–729. October 2021.\n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/ps-political-science-and-politics/article/abs/praxis-of-partnership-in-civically-engaged-research/28DA405655F49FE2A1A40BED4747D1F9\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('udani-dobbs-thepraxisofpartnershipincivicallyengagedresearch-2021', 'https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/ps-political-science-and-politics/article/abs/praxis-of-partnership-in-civically-engaged-research/28DA405655F49FE2A1A40BED4747D1F9', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"The Praxis of Partnership in Civically Engaged Research [link]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.org/10.1017/S1049096521000809\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('udani-dobbs-thepraxisofpartnershipincivicallyengagedresearch-2021', 'http://doi.org/10.1017/S1049096521000809', event.ctrlKey)\"\n     class=\"bibbase doi link\">\n    <span>doi</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/udani-dobbs-thepraxisofpartnershipincivicallyengagedresearch-2021\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('udani-dobbs-thepraxisofpartnershipincivicallyengagedresearch-2021')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@article{udani_praxis_2021,\n\ttitle = {The {Praxis} of {Partnership} in {Civically} {Engaged} {Research}},\n\tvolume = {54},\n\tissn = {1049-0965, 1537-5935},\n\turl = {https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/ps-political-science-and-politics/article/abs/praxis-of-partnership-in-civically-engaged-research/28DA405655F49FE2A1A40BED4747D1F9},\n\tdoi = {10.1017/S1049096521000809},\n\tabstract = {//static.cambridge.org/content/id/urn\\%3Acambridge.org\\%3Aid\\%3Aarticle\\%3AS1049096521000809/resource/name/firstPage-S1049096521000809a.jpg},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {4},\n\turldate = {2024-08-09},\n\tjournal = {PS: Political Science \\&amp; Politics},\n\tauthor = {Udani, Adriano and Dobbs, Kirstie Lynn},\n\tmonth = oct,\n\tyear = {2021},\n\tpages = {725--729},\n}\n\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  //static.cambridge.org/content/id/urn%3Acambridge.org%3Aid%3Aarticle%3AS1049096521000809/resource/name/firstPage-S1049096521000809a.jpg\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"thomson-reflexiveopennessascollaborativemethodology-2021\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/ps-political-science-and-politics/article/abs/reflexive-openness-as-collaborative-methodology/D9B32C451DC493F5F697E25D87C21955\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'thomson-reflexiveopennessascollaborativemethodology-2021', 'https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/ps-political-science-and-politics/article/abs/reflexive-openness-as-collaborative-methodology/D9B32C451DC493F5F697E25D87C21955', event);\">\n    Reflexive Openness as Collaborative Methodology.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Thomson, S.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  <i>PS: Political Science & Politics</i>, 54(3): 530–534. July 2021.\n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/ps-political-science-and-politics/article/abs/reflexive-openness-as-collaborative-methodology/D9B32C451DC493F5F697E25D87C21955\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('thomson-reflexiveopennessascollaborativemethodology-2021', 'https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/ps-political-science-and-politics/article/abs/reflexive-openness-as-collaborative-methodology/D9B32C451DC493F5F697E25D87C21955', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"Reflexive Openness as Collaborative Methodology [link]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.org/10.1017/S1049096521000159\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('thomson-reflexiveopennessascollaborativemethodology-2021', 'http://doi.org/10.1017/S1049096521000159', event.ctrlKey)\"\n     class=\"bibbase doi link\">\n    <span>doi</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/thomson-reflexiveopennessascollaborativemethodology-2021\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('thomson-reflexiveopennessascollaborativemethodology-2021')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@article{thomson_reflexive_2021,\n\ttitle = {Reflexive {Openness} as {Collaborative} {Methodology}},\n\tvolume = {54},\n\tissn = {1049-0965, 1537-5935},\n\turl = {https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/ps-political-science-and-politics/article/abs/reflexive-openness-as-collaborative-methodology/D9B32C451DC493F5F697E25D87C21955},\n\tdoi = {10.1017/S1049096521000159},\n\tabstract = {//static.cambridge.org/content/id/urn\\%3Acambridge.org\\%3Aid\\%3Aarticle\\%3AS1049096521000159/resource/name/firstPage-S1049096521000159a.jpg},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {3},\n\turldate = {2024-08-09},\n\tjournal = {PS: Political Science \\&amp; Politics},\n\tauthor = {Thomson, Susan},\n\tmonth = jul,\n\tyear = {2021},\n\tpages = {530--534},\n}\n\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  //static.cambridge.org/content/id/urn%3Acambridge.org%3Aid%3Aarticle%3AS1049096521000159/resource/name/firstPage-S1049096521000159a.jpg\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"thaler-reflexivityandtemporalityinresearchingviolentsettingsproblemswiththereplicabilityandtransparencyregime-2021\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1080/14650045.2019.1643721\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'thaler-reflexivityandtemporalityinresearchingviolentsettingsproblemswiththereplicabilityandtransparencyregime-2021', 'https://doi.org/10.1080/14650045.2019.1643721', event);\">\n    Reflexivity and Temporality in Researching Violent Settings: Problems with the Replicability and Transparency Regime.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Thaler, K. M.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  <i>Geopolitics</i>, 26(1): 18–44. January 2021.\n  <span class=\"note\">Publisher: Routledge _eprint: https://doi.org/10.1080/14650045.2019.1643721</span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1080/14650045.2019.1643721\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('thaler-reflexivityandtemporalityinresearchingviolentsettingsproblemswiththereplicabilityandtransparencyregime-2021', 'https://doi.org/10.1080/14650045.2019.1643721', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"Reflexivity and Temporality in Researching Violent Settings: Problems with the Replicability and Transparency Regime [link]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.org/10.1080/14650045.2019.1643721\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('thaler-reflexivityandtemporalityinresearchingviolentsettingsproblemswiththereplicabilityandtransparencyregime-2021', 'http://doi.org/10.1080/14650045.2019.1643721', event.ctrlKey)\"\n     class=\"bibbase doi link\">\n    <span>doi</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/thaler-reflexivityandtemporalityinresearchingviolentsettingsproblemswiththereplicabilityandtransparencyregime-2021\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('thaler-reflexivityandtemporalityinresearchingviolentsettingsproblemswiththereplicabilityandtransparencyregime-2021')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@article{thaler_reflexivity_2021,\n\ttitle = {Reflexivity and {Temporality} in {Researching} {Violent} {Settings}: {Problems} with the {Replicability} and {Transparency} {Regime}},\n\tvolume = {26},\n\tissn = {1465-0045},\n\tshorttitle = {Reflexivity and {Temporality} in {Researching} {Violent} {Settings}},\n\turl = {https://doi.org/10.1080/14650045.2019.1643721},\n\tdoi = {10.1080/14650045.2019.1643721},\n\tabstract = {Researchers studying conflict, violence, and human rights in dangerous settings across the globe face a complex set of ethical, personal, and professional dilemmas. Especially in more positivist fields and professions, there is pressure to conduct and present research as ‘objective’. Yet the reality of field research in violent and conflict-affected settings is much messier than ideals in methodology textbooks or the polished presentation of field data in much published work. I argue that rather than the imposition of blanket positivist standards of replicability and research transparency, research in violent settings needs to draw lessons from interpretivist ideas and methodologies about the researcher’s role in the process of data gathering, analysis, and presentation. I focus on three key issues: reflexivity, temporality, and the geography of research between ‘field’ and ‘home,’ drawing on personal experiences conducting research on conflict, violence, and postconflict society in Liberia, Nicaragua, South Africa, and Uganda. I show how these three issues practically, theoretically, and ethically conflict with replicability and transparency demands. Through a practice of reflexive openness, however, positivist-leaning researchers can more honestly and ethically reconcile realities of research with professional expectations in the field and after returning.},\n\tnumber = {1},\n\turldate = {2024-08-09},\n\tjournal = {Geopolitics},\n\tauthor = {Thaler, Kai M.},\n\tmonth = jan,\n\tyear = {2021},\n\tnote = {Publisher: Routledge\n\\_eprint: https://doi.org/10.1080/14650045.2019.1643721},\n\tpages = {18--44},\n}\n\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  Researchers studying conflict, violence, and human rights in dangerous settings across the globe face a complex set of ethical, personal, and professional dilemmas. Especially in more positivist fields and professions, there is pressure to conduct and present research as ‘objective’. Yet the reality of field research in violent and conflict-affected settings is much messier than ideals in methodology textbooks or the polished presentation of field data in much published work. I argue that rather than the imposition of blanket positivist standards of replicability and research transparency, research in violent settings needs to draw lessons from interpretivist ideas and methodologies about the researcher’s role in the process of data gathering, analysis, and presentation. I focus on three key issues: reflexivity, temporality, and the geography of research between ‘field’ and ‘home,’ drawing on personal experiences conducting research on conflict, violence, and postconflict society in Liberia, Nicaragua, South Africa, and Uganda. I show how these three issues practically, theoretically, and ethically conflict with replicability and transparency demands. Through a practice of reflexive openness, however, positivist-leaning researchers can more honestly and ethically reconcile realities of research with professional expectations in the field and after returning.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"schwartzshea-underthreatmethodologicalpluralisminpublicadministration-2021\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1080/15309576.2019.1694547\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'schwartzshea-underthreatmethodologicalpluralisminpublicadministration-2021', 'https://doi.org/10.1080/15309576.2019.1694547', event);\">\n    Under Threat? Methodological Pluralism in Public Administration.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Schwartz-Shea, P.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  <i>Public Performance & Management Review</i>, 44(5): 975–1005. September 2021.\n  <span class=\"note\">Publisher: Routledge _eprint: https://doi.org/10.1080/15309576.2019.1694547</span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1080/15309576.2019.1694547\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('schwartzshea-underthreatmethodologicalpluralisminpublicadministration-2021', 'https://doi.org/10.1080/15309576.2019.1694547', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"Under Threat? Methodological Pluralism in Public Administration [link]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.org/10.1080/15309576.2019.1694547\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('schwartzshea-underthreatmethodologicalpluralisminpublicadministration-2021', 'http://doi.org/10.1080/15309576.2019.1694547', event.ctrlKey)\"\n     class=\"bibbase doi link\">\n    <span>doi</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/schwartzshea-underthreatmethodologicalpluralisminpublicadministration-2021\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('schwartzshea-underthreatmethodologicalpluralisminpublicadministration-2021')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@article{schwartz-shea_under_2021,\n\ttitle = {Under {Threat}? {Methodological} {Pluralism} in {Public} {Administration}},\n\tvolume = {44},\n\tissn = {1530-9576},\n\tshorttitle = {Under {Threat}?},\n\turl = {https://doi.org/10.1080/15309576.2019.1694547},\n\tdoi = {10.1080/15309576.2019.1694547},\n\tabstract = {A consensus appears to be emerging on the desirability of methodological pluralism in public administration research. Scholars as diverse as Riccucci and Meier see it as inevitable in a multidisciplinary, practice-oriented field, and both endorse it as key to advancing theory. Yet it is not always clear what is meant by “methodological pluralism” nor how it is related to scientific progress. I argue that Dryzek’s conceptualization of progress as “lateral” is supportive of a robust methodological pluralism. Then, I analyze three threats to methodological pluralism in public administration: prior ethics review, transparency movements, and the metric mania characteristic of corporatized universities. I conclude that some methodologies and methods, primarily those that are positivist and quantitative, are advantaged over others, which are interpretivist and qualitative. To protect methodological pluralism, the tolerance that Dryzek recommends needs to be extended to structural changes, e.g., requiring a qualitative-interpretive methods course in doctoral programs. More broadly, scholarly autonomy to design and conduct research is increasingly being curtailed by these intertwined threats. Collective action is needed to reverse this worrisome trend. Autonomy for individuals and epistemic communities nourishes the pluralism in research approaches which is essential for understanding and responding to an uncertain, possibly turbulent future.},\n\tnumber = {5},\n\turldate = {2024-08-09},\n\tjournal = {Public Performance \\&amp; Management Review},\n\tauthor = {Schwartz-Shea, Peregrine},\n\tmonth = sep,\n\tyear = {2021},\n\tnote = {Publisher: Routledge\n\\_eprint: https://doi.org/10.1080/15309576.2019.1694547},\n\tkeywords = {higher education metrics, lateral progress, methodological pluralism, scholarly autonomy, transparency},\n\tpages = {975--1005},\n}\n\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  A consensus appears to be emerging on the desirability of methodological pluralism in public administration research. Scholars as diverse as Riccucci and Meier see it as inevitable in a multidisciplinary, practice-oriented field, and both endorse it as key to advancing theory. Yet it is not always clear what is meant by “methodological pluralism” nor how it is related to scientific progress. I argue that Dryzek’s conceptualization of progress as “lateral” is supportive of a robust methodological pluralism. Then, I analyze three threats to methodological pluralism in public administration: prior ethics review, transparency movements, and the metric mania characteristic of corporatized universities. I conclude that some methodologies and methods, primarily those that are positivist and quantitative, are advantaged over others, which are interpretivist and qualitative. To protect methodological pluralism, the tolerance that Dryzek recommends needs to be extended to structural changes, e.g., requiring a qualitative-interpretive methods course in doctoral programs. More broadly, scholarly autonomy to design and conduct research is increasingly being curtailed by these intertwined threats. Collective action is needed to reverse this worrisome trend. Autonomy for individuals and epistemic communities nourishes the pluralism in research approaches which is essential for understanding and responding to an uncertain, possibly turbulent future.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"bliesemanndeguevara-poopuu-preparingforfieldworkinterviews-2021\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"http://link.springer.com/10.1007/978-3-030-46433-2_5\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'bliesemanndeguevara-poopuu-preparingforfieldworkinterviews-2021', 'http://link.springer.com/10.1007/978-3-030-46433-2_5', event);\">\n    Preparing for Fieldwork Interviews.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Bliesemann De Guevara, B.;  and Poopuu, B.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  In Mac Ginty, R.; Brett, R.;  and Vogel, B., editor(s), <i>The Companion to Peace and Conflict Fieldwork</i>, pages 65–83. Springer International Publishing, Cham, Switzerland,  2021.\n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://link.springer.com/10.1007/978-3-030-46433-2_5\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('bliesemanndeguevara-poopuu-preparingforfieldworkinterviews-2021', 'http://link.springer.com/10.1007/978-3-030-46433-2_5', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"Preparing for Fieldwork Interviews [link]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-46433-2_5\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('bliesemanndeguevara-poopuu-preparingforfieldworkinterviews-2021', 'http://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-46433-2_5', event.ctrlKey)\"\n     class=\"bibbase doi link\">\n    <span>doi</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/bliesemanndeguevara-poopuu-preparingforfieldworkinterviews-2021\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('bliesemanndeguevara-poopuu-preparingforfieldworkinterviews-2021')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@incollection{mac_ginty_preparing_2021,\n\taddress = {Cham, Switzerland},\n\ttitle = {Preparing for {Fieldwork} {Interviews}},\n\tisbn = {978-3-030-46432-5 978-3-030-46433-2},\n\turl = {http://link.springer.com/10.1007/978-3-030-46433-2_5},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\turldate = {2024-08-09},\n\tbooktitle = {The {Companion} to {Peace} and {Conflict} {Fieldwork}},\n\tpublisher = {Springer International Publishing},\n\tauthor = {Bliesemann De Guevara, Berit and Poopuu, Birgit},\n\teditor = {Mac Ginty, Roger and Brett, Roddy and Vogel, Birte},\n\tyear = {2021},\n\tdoi = {10.1007/978-3-030-46433-2_5},\n\tpages = {65--83},\n}\n\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"brown-lemi-sisterstylethepoliticsofappearanceforblackwomenpoliticalelites-2021\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"https://academic.oup.com/book/39392\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'brown-lemi-sisterstylethepoliticsofappearanceforblackwomenpoliticalelites-2021', 'https://academic.oup.com/book/39392', event);\">\n    Sister Style: The Politics of Appearance for Black Women Political Elites.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Brown, N. E.;  and Lemi, D. C.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  Oxford University Press,  2021.\n  <span class=\"note\">Google-Books-ID: vvYTEAAAQBAJ</span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"https://academic.oup.com/book/39392\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('brown-lemi-sisterstylethepoliticsofappearanceforblackwomenpoliticalelites-2021', 'https://academic.oup.com/book/39392', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"Sister Style: The Politics of Appearance for Black Women Political Elites [link]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/brown-lemi-sisterstylethepoliticsofappearanceforblackwomenpoliticalelites-2021\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('brown-lemi-sisterstylethepoliticsofappearanceforblackwomenpoliticalelites-2021')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@book{brown_sister_2021,\n\ttitle = {Sister {Style}: {The} {Politics} of {Appearance} for {Black} {Women} {Political} {Elites}},\n\tisbn = {978-0-19-754057-2},\n\tshorttitle = {Sister {Style}},\n\turl = {https://academic.oup.com/book/39392},\n\tabstract = {They don&#x27;t think I&#x27;m viable, because I&#x27;m a Black woman with natural hair and no husband. This comment was made by Stacey Abrams shortly before the 2018 Democratic primary after she became the first Black woman to win a majory party&#x27;s nomination for governor. Abrams&#x27; sentiment reflects thewider environment for Black women in politics, in which racist and sexist cultural ideas have long led Black women to be demeaned and fetishized for their physical appearance. In Sister Style, Nadia E. Brown and Danielle Casarez Lemi argue that Black women&#x27;s political experience and the way that voters evaluate them is shaped overtly by their skin tone and hair texture, with hair being a particular point of scrutiny. They ask what the politics of appearance for Blackwomen mean for Black women politicians and Black voters, and how expectations about self-presentation differ for Black women versus Black men, White men, and White women. Black women running for office face pressure, often from campaign consultants and even close colleagues, to change their style inorder to look more like White women. However, as this book shows, Black women candidates and elected officials react differently to these pressures depending on factors like age and incumbency. Moreover, Brown and Lemi delve into the ways in which Black voters react to Black female candidates basedon appearance. They base their argument, in part, on focus groups with Black women candidates and elected officials, and show that there are generational differences that determine what sorts of styles Black women choose to adopt and to what extent they change their physical appearance based onexternal expectations.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tpublisher = {Oxford University Press},\n\tauthor = {Brown, Nadia E. and Lemi, Danielle Casarez},\n\tyear = {2021},\n\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: vvYTEAAAQBAJ},\n\tkeywords = {Political Science / Comparative Politics, Social Science / Gender Studies, Social Science / Women&#x27;s Studies},\n}\n\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  They don't think I'm viable, because I'm a Black woman with natural hair and no husband. This comment was made by Stacey Abrams shortly before the 2018 Democratic primary after she became the first Black woman to win a majory party's nomination for governor. Abrams' sentiment reflects thewider environment for Black women in politics, in which racist and sexist cultural ideas have long led Black women to be demeaned and fetishized for their physical appearance. In Sister Style, Nadia E. Brown and Danielle Casarez Lemi argue that Black women's political experience and the way that voters evaluate them is shaped overtly by their skin tone and hair texture, with hair being a particular point of scrutiny. They ask what the politics of appearance for Blackwomen mean for Black women politicians and Black voters, and how expectations about self-presentation differ for Black women versus Black men, White men, and White women. Black women running for office face pressure, often from campaign consultants and even close colleagues, to change their style inorder to look more like White women. However, as this book shows, Black women candidates and elected officials react differently to these pressures depending on factors like age and incumbency. Moreover, Brown and Lemi delve into the ways in which Black voters react to Black female candidates basedon appearance. They base their argument, in part, on focus groups with Black women candidates and elected officials, and show that there are generational differences that determine what sorts of styles Black women choose to adopt and to what extent they change their physical appearance based onexternal expectations.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n\n\n\n    </div>\n  </div>\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_group_whole\" id=\"group_2020\">\n    <div class=\"bibbase_group\"\n      onclick=\"toggleGroup('group_2020')\"\n      onkeypress=\"toggleGroup('group_2020')\"\n      tabindex=\"0\">\n      <i class=\"fa fa-angle-down bibbase_group_head_icon\"></i>&nbsp;\n      <span>2020</span>\n      <span class=\"bibbase_group_count\">\n        \n        (30)\n        \n      </span>\n    </div>\n    <div class=\"bibbase_group_body\">\n      \n  \n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"nichols-theftispropertydispossessionandcriticaltheory-2020\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"http://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctv11smqjz\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'nichols-theftispropertydispossessionandcriticaltheory-2020', 'http://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctv11smqjz', event);\">\n    Theft Is Property! Dispossession and Critical Theory.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Nichols, R.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  Duke University Press,  2020.\n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctv11smqjz\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('nichols-theftispropertydispossessionandcriticaltheory-2020', 'http://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctv11smqjz', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"Theft Is Property! Dispossession and Critical Theory [link]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv11smqjz\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('nichols-theftispropertydispossessionandcriticaltheory-2020', 'http://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv11smqjz', event.ctrlKey)\"\n     class=\"bibbase doi link\">\n    <span>doi</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/nichols-theftispropertydispossessionandcriticaltheory-2020\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('nichols-theftispropertydispossessionandcriticaltheory-2020')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@book{nichols_theft_2020,\n\ttitle = {Theft {Is} {Property}! {Dispossession} and {Critical} {Theory}},\n\tisbn = {978-1-4780-0608-4},\n\turl = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctv11smqjz},\n\tabstract = {Drawing on Indigenous peoples&#x27; struggles against settler\ncolonialism, {\\textless}em{\\textgreater}Theft Is Property!{\\textless}/em{\\textgreater} reconstructs the concept of dispossession as a means of explaining how shifting\nconfigurations of law, property, race, and rights have functioned as modes of governance, both historically and in the present.\nThrough close analysis of arguments by Indigenous scholars and\nactivists from the nineteenth century to the present, Robert\nNichols argues that dispossession has come to name a unique\nrecursive process whereby systematic theft is the mechanism by\nwhich property relations are generated. In so doing, Nichols also brings long-standing debates in anarchist, Black radical, feminist, Marxist, and postcolonial thought into direct conversation with the frequently overlooked intellectual contributions of Indigenous\npeoples.},\n\turldate = {2024-08-14},\n\tpublisher = {Duke University Press},\n\tauthor = {Nichols, Robert},\n\tyear = {2020},\n\tdoi = {10.2307/j.ctv11smqjz},\n}\n\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  Drawing on Indigenous peoples' struggles against settler colonialism, \\textlessem\\textgreaterTheft Is Property!\\textless/em\\textgreater reconstructs the concept of dispossession as a means of explaining how shifting configurations of law, property, race, and rights have functioned as modes of governance, both historically and in the present. Through close analysis of arguments by Indigenous scholars and activists from the nineteenth century to the present, Robert Nichols argues that dispossession has come to name a unique recursive process whereby systematic theft is the mechanism by which property relations are generated. In so doing, Nichols also brings long-standing debates in anarchist, Black radical, feminist, Marxist, and postcolonial thought into direct conversation with the frequently overlooked intellectual contributions of Indigenous peoples.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"riofrancos-resourceradicalsfrompetronationalismtopostextractivisminecuador-2020\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"https://www.dukeupress.edu/resource-radicals\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'riofrancos-resourceradicalsfrompetronationalismtopostextractivisminecuador-2020', 'https://www.dukeupress.edu/resource-radicals', event);\">\n    Resource Radicals: From Petro-Nationalism to Post-Extractivism in Ecuador.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Riofrancos, T.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  Duke University Press, July 2020.\n  <span class=\"note\">Google-Books-ID: nATzDwAAQBAJ</span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"https://www.dukeupress.edu/resource-radicals\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('riofrancos-resourceradicalsfrompetronationalismtopostextractivisminecuador-2020', 'https://www.dukeupress.edu/resource-radicals', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"Resource Radicals: From Petro-Nationalism to Post-Extractivism in Ecuador [link]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/riofrancos-resourceradicalsfrompetronationalismtopostextractivisminecuador-2020\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('riofrancos-resourceradicalsfrompetronationalismtopostextractivisminecuador-2020')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@book{riofrancos_resource_2020,\n\ttitle = {Resource {Radicals}: {From} {Petro}-{Nationalism} to {Post}-{Extractivism} in {Ecuador}},\n\tisbn = {978-1-4780-1212-2},\n\tshorttitle = {Resource {Radicals}},\n\turl = {https://www.dukeupress.edu/resource-radicals},\n\tabstract = {In 2007, the left came to power in Ecuador. In the years that followed, the “twenty-first-century socialist” government and a coalition of grassroots activists came to blows over the extraction of natural resources. Each side declared the other a perversion of leftism and the principles of socioeconomic equality, popular empowerment, and anti-imperialism. In Resource Radicals, Thea Riofrancos unpacks the conflict between these two leftisms: on the one hand, the administration&#x27;s resource nationalism and focus on economic development; and on the other, the anti-extractivism of grassroots activists who condemned the government&#x27;s disregard for nature and indigenous communities. In this archival and ethnographic study, Riofrancos expands the study of resource politics by decentering state resource policy and locating it in a field of political struggle populated by actors with conflicting visions of resource extraction. She demonstrates how Ecuador&#x27;s commodity-dependent economy and history of indigenous uprisings offer a unique opportunity to understand development, democracy, and the ecological foundations of global capitalism.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tpublisher = {Duke University Press},\n\tauthor = {Riofrancos, Thea},\n\tmonth = jul,\n\tyear = {2020},\n\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: nATzDwAAQBAJ},\n\tkeywords = {History / Latin America / South America, Political Science / Public Policy / Energy Policy, Social Science / Anthropology / Cultural \\&amp; Social},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  In 2007, the left came to power in Ecuador. In the years that followed, the “twenty-first-century socialist” government and a coalition of grassroots activists came to blows over the extraction of natural resources. Each side declared the other a perversion of leftism and the principles of socioeconomic equality, popular empowerment, and anti-imperialism. In Resource Radicals, Thea Riofrancos unpacks the conflict between these two leftisms: on the one hand, the administration's resource nationalism and focus on economic development; and on the other, the anti-extractivism of grassroots activists who condemned the government's disregard for nature and indigenous communities. In this archival and ethnographic study, Riofrancos expands the study of resource politics by decentering state resource policy and locating it in a field of political struggle populated by actors with conflicting visions of resource extraction. She demonstrates how Ecuador's commodity-dependent economy and history of indigenous uprisings offer a unique opportunity to understand development, democracy, and the ecological foundations of global capitalism.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"kim-empiresofvicetheriseofopiumprohibitionacrosssoutheastasia-2020\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"http://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctvp7d4p6\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'kim-empiresofvicetheriseofopiumprohibitionacrosssoutheastasia-2020', 'http://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctvp7d4p6', event);\">\n    Empires of Vice: The Rise of Opium Prohibition across Southeast Asia.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Kim, D. S.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  Volume 11 Princeton University Press,  2020.\n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctvp7d4p6\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('kim-empiresofvicetheriseofopiumprohibitionacrosssoutheastasia-2020', 'http://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctvp7d4p6', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"Empires of Vice: The Rise of Opium Prohibition across Southeast Asia [link]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvp7d4p6\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('kim-empiresofvicetheriseofopiumprohibitionacrosssoutheastasia-2020', 'http://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvp7d4p6', event.ctrlKey)\"\n     class=\"bibbase doi link\">\n    <span>doi</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/kim-empiresofvicetheriseofopiumprohibitionacrosssoutheastasia-2020\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('kim-empiresofvicetheriseofopiumprohibitionacrosssoutheastasia-2020')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@book{kim_empires_2020,\n\ttitle = {Empires of {Vice}: {The} {Rise} of {Opium} {Prohibition} across {Southeast} {Asia}},\n\tvolume = {11},\n\tisbn = {978-0-691-17240-8},\n\turl = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctvp7d4p6},\n\tabstract = {{\\textless}strong{\\textgreater}A history of opium&#x27;s dramatic fall from favor in\ncolonial Southeast Asia{\\textless}/strong{\\textgreater} During the late nineteenth\ncentury, opium was integral to European colonial rule in Southeast Asia. The taxation of opium was a major source of revenue for\nBritish and French colonizers, who also derived moral authority\nfrom imposing a tax on a peculiar vice of their non-European\nsubjects. Yet between the 1890s and the 1940s, colonial states\nbegan to ban opium, upsetting the very foundations of overseas\nrule-how did this happen? {\\textless}em{\\textgreater}Empires of Vice{\\textless}/em{\\textgreater} traces the\nhistory of this dramatic reversal, revealing the colonial legacies that set the stage for the region&#x27;s drug problems today. Diana Kim challenges the conventional wisdom about opium prohibition-that it came about because doctors awoke to the dangers of drug addiction or that it was a response to moral crusaders-uncovering a more\ncomplex story deep within the colonial bureaucracy. Drawing on a\nwealth of archival evidence across Southeast Asia and Europe, she shows how prohibition was made possible by the pivotal\ncontributions of seemingly weak bureaucratic officials. Comparing British and French experiences across today&#x27;s Burma, Cambodia,\nLaos, Malaysia, Singapore, and Vietnam, Kim examines how the\neveryday work of local administrators delegitimized the taxing of opium, which in turn made major anti-opium reforms possible.\n{\\textless}em{\\textgreater}Empires of Vice{\\textless}/em{\\textgreater} reveals the inner life of colonial\nbureaucracy, illuminating how European rulers reconfigured their\nopium-entangled foundations of governance and shaped Southeast\nAsia&#x27;s political economy of illicit drugs and the punitive\nstate.},\n\turldate = {2024-08-14},\n\tpublisher = {Princeton University Press},\n\tauthor = {Kim, Diana S.},\n\tyear = {2020},\n\tdoi = {10.2307/j.ctvp7d4p6},\n}\n\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  \\textlessstrong\\textgreaterA history of opium's dramatic fall from favor in colonial Southeast Asia\\textless/strong\\textgreater During the late nineteenth century, opium was integral to European colonial rule in Southeast Asia. The taxation of opium was a major source of revenue for British and French colonizers, who also derived moral authority from imposing a tax on a peculiar vice of their non-European subjects. Yet between the 1890s and the 1940s, colonial states began to ban opium, upsetting the very foundations of overseas rule-how did this happen? \\textlessem\\textgreaterEmpires of Vice\\textless/em\\textgreater traces the history of this dramatic reversal, revealing the colonial legacies that set the stage for the region's drug problems today. Diana Kim challenges the conventional wisdom about opium prohibition-that it came about because doctors awoke to the dangers of drug addiction or that it was a response to moral crusaders-uncovering a more complex story deep within the colonial bureaucracy. Drawing on a wealth of archival evidence across Southeast Asia and Europe, she shows how prohibition was made possible by the pivotal contributions of seemingly weak bureaucratic officials. Comparing British and French experiences across today's Burma, Cambodia, Laos, Malaysia, Singapore, and Vietnam, Kim examines how the everyday work of local administrators delegitimized the taxing of opium, which in turn made major anti-opium reforms possible. \\textlessem\\textgreaterEmpires of Vice\\textless/em\\textgreater reveals the inner life of colonial bureaucracy, illuminating how European rulers reconfigured their opium-entangled foundations of governance and shaped Southeast Asia's political economy of illicit drugs and the punitive state.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"schmidt-interpretingracialpoliticsintheunitedstates-2020\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"https://www.routledge.com/Interpreting-Racial-Politics-in-the-United-States/SchmidtSr/p/book/9781138204324\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'schmidt-interpretingracialpoliticsintheunitedstates-2020', 'https://www.routledge.com/Interpreting-Racial-Politics-in-the-United-States/SchmidtSr/p/book/9781138204324', event);\">\n    Interpreting Racial Politics in the United States.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Schmidt, R.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  Routledge, December 2020.\n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"https://www.routledge.com/Interpreting-Racial-Politics-in-the-United-States/SchmidtSr/p/book/9781138204324\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('schmidt-interpretingracialpoliticsintheunitedstates-2020', 'https://www.routledge.com/Interpreting-Racial-Politics-in-the-United-States/SchmidtSr/p/book/9781138204324', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"Interpreting Racial Politics in the United States [link]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/schmidt-interpretingracialpoliticsintheunitedstates-2020\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('schmidt-interpretingracialpoliticsintheunitedstates-2020')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@book{schmidt_interpreting_2020,\n\ttitle = {Interpreting {Racial} {Politics} in the {United} {States}},\n\tisbn = {978-1-138-20432-4},\n\turl = {https://www.routledge.com/Interpreting-Racial-Politics-in-the-United-States/SchmidtSr/p/book/9781138204324},\n\tabstract = {Few subjects of social scientific inquiry need interpretive analysis more than the topic of racial politics, yet most US political science employs a narrowly behavioralist orientation. This book argues that it is time for political scientists studying race to more fully engage the issues that generate its political significance.\nDrawing on the work of interpretive political scholars and methods, Ron Schmidt, Sr. addresses core questions regarding racial politics in the US to demonstrate the valu},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\turldate = {2024-08-14},\n\tpublisher = {Routledge},\n\tauthor = {Schmidt, Ronald},\n\tmonth = dec,\n\tyear = {2020},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  Few subjects of social scientific inquiry need interpretive analysis more than the topic of racial politics, yet most US political science employs a narrowly behavioralist orientation. This book argues that it is time for political scientists studying race to more fully engage the issues that generate its political significance. Drawing on the work of interpretive political scholars and methods, Ron Schmidt, Sr. addresses core questions regarding racial politics in the US to demonstrate the valu\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"manekin-regularsoldiersirregularwarviolenceandrestraintinthesecondintifada-2020\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/9781501750458/html\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'manekin-regularsoldiersirregularwarviolenceandrestraintinthesecondintifada-2020', 'https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/9781501750458/html', event);\">\n    Regular Soldiers, Irregular War: Violence and Restraint in the Second Intifada.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Manekin, D. S.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  Cornell University Press, August 2020.\n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/9781501750458/html\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('manekin-regularsoldiersirregularwarviolenceandrestraintinthesecondintifada-2020', 'https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/9781501750458/html', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"Regular Soldiers, Irregular War: Violence and Restraint in the Second Intifada [link]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.org/10.1515/9781501750458\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('manekin-regularsoldiersirregularwarviolenceandrestraintinthesecondintifada-2020', 'http://doi.org/10.1515/9781501750458', event.ctrlKey)\"\n     class=\"bibbase doi link\">\n    <span>doi</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/manekin-regularsoldiersirregularwarviolenceandrestraintinthesecondintifada-2020\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('manekin-regularsoldiersirregularwarviolenceandrestraintinthesecondintifada-2020')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@book{manekin_regular_2020,\n\ttitle = {Regular {Soldiers}, {Irregular} {War}: {Violence} and {Restraint} in the {Second} {Intifada}},\n\tcopyright = {De Gruyter expressly reserves the right to use all content for commercial text and data mining within the meaning of Section 44b of the German Copyright Act.},\n\tisbn = {978-1-5017-5045-8},\n\tshorttitle = {Regular {Soldiers}, {Irregular} {War}},\n\turl = {https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/9781501750458/html},\n\tabstract = {What explains differences in soldier participation in violence during irregular war? How do ordinary men become professional wielders of force, and when does this transformation falter or fail? Regular Soldiers, Irregular War presents a theoretical framework for understanding the various forms of behavior in which soldiers engage during counterinsurgency campaigns—compliance and shirking, abuse and restraint, as well as the creation of new violent practices. Through an in-depth study of the Israeli Defense Forces&#x27; repression of the Second Palestinian Intifada of 2000–2005, including in-depth interviews with and a survey of former combatants, Devorah Manekin examines how soldiers come both to unleash and to curb violence against civilians in a counterinsurgency campaign. Manekin argues that variation in soldiers&#x27; behavior is best explained by the effectiveness of the control mechanisms put in place to ensure combatant violence reflects the strategies and preferences of military elites, primarily at the small-unit level. Furthermore, she develops and analyzes soldier participation in three categories of violence: strategic violence authorized by military elites; opportunistic or unauthorized violence; and &quot;entrepreneurial violence&quot;—violence initiated from below to advance organizational aims when leaders are ambiguous about what will best serve those aims. By going inside military field units and exploring their patterns of command and control, Regular Soldiers, Irregular War , sheds new light on the dynamics of violence and restraint in counterinsurgency.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\turldate = {2024-08-14},\n\tpublisher = {Cornell University Press},\n\tauthor = {Manekin, Devorah S.},\n\tmonth = aug,\n\tyear = {2020},\n\tdoi = {10.1515/9781501750458},\n\tkeywords = {Civil war, Israeli-Palestinian Conflict, Political violence, counterinsurgency, military},\n}\n\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  What explains differences in soldier participation in violence during irregular war? How do ordinary men become professional wielders of force, and when does this transformation falter or fail? Regular Soldiers, Irregular War presents a theoretical framework for understanding the various forms of behavior in which soldiers engage during counterinsurgency campaigns—compliance and shirking, abuse and restraint, as well as the creation of new violent practices. Through an in-depth study of the Israeli Defense Forces' repression of the Second Palestinian Intifada of 2000–2005, including in-depth interviews with and a survey of former combatants, Devorah Manekin examines how soldiers come both to unleash and to curb violence against civilians in a counterinsurgency campaign. Manekin argues that variation in soldiers' behavior is best explained by the effectiveness of the control mechanisms put in place to ensure combatant violence reflects the strategies and preferences of military elites, primarily at the small-unit level. Furthermore, she develops and analyzes soldier participation in three categories of violence: strategic violence authorized by military elites; opportunistic or unauthorized violence; and \"entrepreneurial violence\"—violence initiated from below to advance organizational aims when leaders are ambiguous about what will best serve those aims. By going inside military field units and exploring their patterns of command and control, Regular Soldiers, Irregular War , sheds new light on the dynamics of violence and restraint in counterinsurgency.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"holmes-theblackandwhiterainbow-2020\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"https://press.umich.edu/Books/T/The-Black-and-White-Rainbow\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'holmes-theblackandwhiterainbow-2020', 'https://press.umich.edu/Books/T/The-Black-and-White-Rainbow', event);\">\n    The Black and White Rainbow.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Holmes, C.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  University of Michigan Press, Ann Arbor, MI,  2020.\n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"https://press.umich.edu/Books/T/The-Black-and-White-Rainbow\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('holmes-theblackandwhiterainbow-2020', 'https://press.umich.edu/Books/T/The-Black-and-White-Rainbow', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"The Black and White Rainbow [link]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/holmes-theblackandwhiterainbow-2020\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('holmes-theblackandwhiterainbow-2020')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@book{holmes_black_2020,\n\taddress = {Ann Arbor, MI},\n\ttitle = {The {Black} and {White} {Rainbow}},\n\tisbn = {978-0-472-05463-3},\n\turl = {https://press.umich.edu/Books/T/The-Black-and-White-Rainbow},\n\tabstract = {Nation-building imperatives compel citizens to focus on what makes them similar and what binds them together, forgetting what makes them different. Democratic institution building, on the other hand, ...},\n\tlanguage = {en-US},\n\turldate = {2024-08-14},\n\tpublisher = {University of Michigan Press},\n\tauthor = {Holmes, Carolyn},\n\tyear = {2020},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  Nation-building imperatives compel citizens to focus on what makes them similar and what binds them together, forgetting what makes them different. Democratic institution building, on the other hand, ...\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"blanchard-combingthesamebeachanalyticeclecticismandthechallengeoftheoreticalmultilingualism-2020\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1177/0020702020960123\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'blanchard-combingthesamebeachanalyticeclecticismandthechallengeoftheoreticalmultilingualism-2020', 'https://doi.org/10.1177/0020702020960123', event);\">\n    Combing the same beach: Analytic eclecticism and the challenge of theoretical multilingualism.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Blanchard, E. M.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  <i>International Journal</i>, 75(3): 404–419. September 2020.\n  <span class=\"note\">Publisher: SAGE Publications Ltd</span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1177/0020702020960123\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('blanchard-combingthesamebeachanalyticeclecticismandthechallengeoftheoreticalmultilingualism-2020', 'https://doi.org/10.1177/0020702020960123', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"Combing the same beach: Analytic eclecticism and the challenge of theoretical multilingualism [link]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.org/10.1177/0020702020960123\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('blanchard-combingthesamebeachanalyticeclecticismandthechallengeoftheoreticalmultilingualism-2020', 'http://doi.org/10.1177/0020702020960123', event.ctrlKey)\"\n     class=\"bibbase doi link\">\n    <span>doi</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/blanchard-combingthesamebeachanalyticeclecticismandthechallengeoftheoreticalmultilingualism-2020\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('blanchard-combingthesamebeachanalyticeclecticismandthechallengeoftheoreticalmultilingualism-2020')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@article{blanchard_combing_2020,\n\ttitle = {Combing the same beach: {Analytic} eclecticism and the challenge of theoretical multilingualism},\n\tvolume = {75},\n\tissn = {0020-7020},\n\tshorttitle = {Combing the same beach},\n\turl = {https://doi.org/10.1177/0020702020960123},\n\tdoi = {10.1177/0020702020960123},\n\tabstract = {Sil and Katzenstein present analytic eclecticism as a pragmatic, problem-driven, policy-oriented heuristic, posed against the paradigmatism and parsimony inhibiting the study of world politics. I argue that Sil and Katzenstein’s approach is both promising (in that it is one of the more flexible available frameworks to bring separate research traditions into fruitful dialogue) and potentially problematic (if it limits itself to the triad of realism, liberalism, and constructivism). Informed by a recent methodological turn in post-positivist International Relations (IR) and Political Science, this essay takes seriously eclecticism’s commitment to theoretical multilingualism by imagining an eclectic engagement beyond the heuristic’s original purview and calling for eclectic attention to reflexivity, constitutive theorizing, and the dynamics of power and ethics. The article reflects on existing disciplinary power dynamics and disparities and the urgent demand for scholars to more fully contribute to developing effective approaches to real-world threats, such as climate change.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {3},\n\turldate = {2024-08-12},\n\tjournal = {International Journal},\n\tauthor = {Blanchard, Eric M.},\n\tmonth = sep,\n\tyear = {2020},\n\tnote = {Publisher: SAGE Publications Ltd},\n\tpages = {404--419},\n}\n\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  Sil and Katzenstein present analytic eclecticism as a pragmatic, problem-driven, policy-oriented heuristic, posed against the paradigmatism and parsimony inhibiting the study of world politics. I argue that Sil and Katzenstein’s approach is both promising (in that it is one of the more flexible available frameworks to bring separate research traditions into fruitful dialogue) and potentially problematic (if it limits itself to the triad of realism, liberalism, and constructivism). Informed by a recent methodological turn in post-positivist International Relations (IR) and Political Science, this essay takes seriously eclecticism’s commitment to theoretical multilingualism by imagining an eclectic engagement beyond the heuristic’s original purview and calling for eclectic attention to reflexivity, constitutive theorizing, and the dynamics of power and ethics. The article reflects on existing disciplinary power dynamics and disparities and the urgent demand for scholars to more fully contribute to developing effective approaches to real-world threats, such as climate change.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"wehner-thenarrationofrolesinforeignpolicyanalysis-2020\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1057/s41268-018-0148-y\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'wehner-thenarrationofrolesinforeignpolicyanalysis-2020', 'https://doi.org/10.1057/s41268-018-0148-y', event);\">\n    The narration of roles in foreign policy analysis.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Wehner, L. E.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  <i>Journal of International Relations and Development</i>, 23(2): 359–384. June 2020.\n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1057/s41268-018-0148-y\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('wehner-thenarrationofrolesinforeignpolicyanalysis-2020', 'https://doi.org/10.1057/s41268-018-0148-y', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"The narration of roles in foreign policy analysis [link]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.org/10.1057/s41268-018-0148-y\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('wehner-thenarrationofrolesinforeignpolicyanalysis-2020', 'http://doi.org/10.1057/s41268-018-0148-y', event.ctrlKey)\"\n     class=\"bibbase doi link\">\n    <span>doi</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/wehner-thenarrationofrolesinforeignpolicyanalysis-2020\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('wehner-thenarrationofrolesinforeignpolicyanalysis-2020')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@article{wehner_narration_2020,\n\ttitle = {The narration of roles in foreign policy analysis},\n\tvolume = {23},\n\tissn = {1581-1980},\n\turl = {https://doi.org/10.1057/s41268-018-0148-y},\n\tdoi = {10.1057/s41268-018-0148-y},\n\tabstract = {Starting from the recurrent criticism that role theory is conceptually rich but methodologically poor, this article assesses the potential of interpretive narrative analysis for the methodological development of role theory within foreign policy analysis. It focuses on the methodological side of narratives from an interpretive perspective, so as to detect role conceptions and role change. The symbolic-interactionist role theory framework is already set up to incorporate the elements of doing interpretive narrative analysis from this perspective, because, as Mead (The philosophy of the present, Open Court, La Salle, IL, 1932) argued, agents constantly reinterpret their past as they face an emergent present. This is akin to Bevir and Rhodes’ (Interpreting British Governance, Routledge, Abingdon, 2003) interpretive notions of ‘traditions’ and ‘dilemmas’. The potential of narratives is demonstrated by focusing specifically on ruling narrations as advanced by the then President Hugo Chávez in Venezuela (1999–2013), to conceive and cement a new role as a revolutionary state.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {2},\n\turldate = {2024-08-12},\n\tjournal = {Journal of International Relations and Development},\n\tauthor = {Wehner, Leslie E.},\n\tmonth = jun,\n\tyear = {2020},\n\tkeywords = {Interpretive narrative analysis, Revolutionary role, Role change, Role conception, Role theory, Ruling narratives},\n\tpages = {359--384},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  Starting from the recurrent criticism that role theory is conceptually rich but methodologically poor, this article assesses the potential of interpretive narrative analysis for the methodological development of role theory within foreign policy analysis. It focuses on the methodological side of narratives from an interpretive perspective, so as to detect role conceptions and role change. The symbolic-interactionist role theory framework is already set up to incorporate the elements of doing interpretive narrative analysis from this perspective, because, as Mead (The philosophy of the present, Open Court, La Salle, IL, 1932) argued, agents constantly reinterpret their past as they face an emergent present. This is akin to Bevir and Rhodes’ (Interpreting British Governance, Routledge, Abingdon, 2003) interpretive notions of ‘traditions’ and ‘dilemmas’. The potential of narratives is demonstrated by focusing specifically on ruling narrations as advanced by the then President Hugo Chávez in Venezuela (1999–2013), to conceive and cement a new role as a revolutionary state.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"schmidt-interpretingracialpoliticsintheunitedstates-2020\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/mono/10.4324/9781315469652/interpreting-racial-politics-united-states-ronald-schmidt-sr\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'schmidt-interpretingracialpoliticsintheunitedstates-2020', 'https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/mono/10.4324/9781315469652/interpreting-racial-politics-united-states-ronald-schmidt-sr', event);\">\n    Interpreting Racial Politics in the United States.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Schmidt, R.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  Routledge, New York, NY, December 2020.\n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/mono/10.4324/9781315469652/interpreting-racial-politics-united-states-ronald-schmidt-sr\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('schmidt-interpretingracialpoliticsintheunitedstates-2020', 'https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/mono/10.4324/9781315469652/interpreting-racial-politics-united-states-ronald-schmidt-sr', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"Interpreting Racial Politics in the United States [link]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.org/10.4324/9781315469652\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('schmidt-interpretingracialpoliticsintheunitedstates-2020', 'http://doi.org/10.4324/9781315469652', event.ctrlKey)\"\n     class=\"bibbase doi link\">\n    <span>doi</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/schmidt-interpretingracialpoliticsintheunitedstates-2020\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('schmidt-interpretingracialpoliticsintheunitedstates-2020')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@book{schmidt_interpreting_2020,\n\taddress = {New York, NY},\n\ttitle = {Interpreting {Racial} {Politics} in the {United} {States}},\n\tisbn = {978-1-315-46965-2},\n\turl = {https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/mono/10.4324/9781315469652/interpreting-racial-politics-united-states-ronald-schmidt-sr},\n\tabstract = {Few subjects of social scientific inquiry need interpretive analysis more than the topic of racial politics, yet most US political science employs a narrowly behavioralist orientation. This book argues that it is time for political scientists studying race to more fully engage the issues that generate its political significance. Drawing on the work of interpretive political scholars and methods, Ron Schmidt, Sr. addresses core questions regarding racial politics in the US to demonstrate the value of using interpretive methods to better understand the meaning and significance of political actions, structures and conflicts involving racial identities—not instead of behavioral research but as a necessary addition. Interpreting Racial Politics in the United States will greatly enhance the evolving conversations concerning race and inequality within the US. It will be of great interest to students and scholars of politics and sociology, but also to those interested in deepening their understanding of racial politics.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\turldate = {2024-08-12},\n\tpublisher = {Routledge},\n\tauthor = {Schmidt, Ronald},\n\tmonth = dec,\n\tyear = {2020},\n\tdoi = {10.4324/9781315469652},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  Few subjects of social scientific inquiry need interpretive analysis more than the topic of racial politics, yet most US political science employs a narrowly behavioralist orientation. This book argues that it is time for political scientists studying race to more fully engage the issues that generate its political significance. Drawing on the work of interpretive political scholars and methods, Ron Schmidt, Sr. addresses core questions regarding racial politics in the US to demonstrate the value of using interpretive methods to better understand the meaning and significance of political actions, structures and conflicts involving racial identities—not instead of behavioral research but as a necessary addition. Interpreting Racial Politics in the United States will greatly enhance the evolving conversations concerning race and inequality within the US. It will be of great interest to students and scholars of politics and sociology, but also to those interested in deepening their understanding of racial politics.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"rohava-thepoliticsofstatecelebrationsinbelarus-2020\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/nana.12653\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'rohava-thepoliticsofstatecelebrationsinbelarus-2020', 'https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/nana.12653', event);\">\n    The politics of state celebrations in Belarus.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Rohava, M.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  <i>Nations and Nationalism</i>, 26(4): 883–901.  2020.\n  <span class=\"note\">_eprint: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/nana.12653</span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/nana.12653\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('rohava-thepoliticsofstatecelebrationsinbelarus-2020', 'https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/nana.12653', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"The politics of state celebrations in Belarus [link]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.org/10.1111/nana.12653\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('rohava-thepoliticsofstatecelebrationsinbelarus-2020', 'http://doi.org/10.1111/nana.12653', event.ctrlKey)\"\n     class=\"bibbase doi link\">\n    <span>doi</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/rohava-thepoliticsofstatecelebrationsinbelarus-2020\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('rohava-thepoliticsofstatecelebrationsinbelarus-2020')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@article{rohava_politics_2020,\n\ttitle = {The politics of state celebrations in {Belarus}},\n\tvolume = {26},\n\tcopyright = {© 2020 The Author. Nations and Nationalism published by Association for the Study of Ethnicity and Nationalism and John Wiley \\&amp; Sons Ltd},\n\tissn = {1469-8129},\n\turl = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/nana.12653},\n\tdoi = {10.1111/nana.12653},\n\tabstract = {National celebrations have been defined as manifestations of collective identities that glorify the nation and strengthen the national community. However, the magnitude and design of celebrations in autocratic states indicate a different ideational function that these symbolic events play in an autocratic political system. Autocratic elites have the administrative capacity to distort everyday routines and impose ideological principles of how people participate in state celebrations. How citizens engage in official celebratory practices in an authoritarian political context formulates a valuable contribution to the conceptualisation of national celebrations. Drawing on focus group discussions and ethnographic observations, I investigate how people negotiate meanings of celebratory and commemorative practices in the context of autocratic Belarus. I discuss how volatile the symbolic politics is when the invention of new symbolic traditions or the reinvention of old narratives does not appeal to all social groups and lacks authenticity.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {4},\n\turldate = {2024-08-12},\n\tjournal = {Nations and Nationalism},\n\tauthor = {Rohava, Maryia},\n\tyear = {2020},\n\tnote = {\\_eprint: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/nana.12653},\n\tkeywords = {Belarus, authoritarian regimes, everyday nationalism/nationalism from below/local nationalism, nation building, national celebrations},\n\tpages = {883--901},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  National celebrations have been defined as manifestations of collective identities that glorify the nation and strengthen the national community. However, the magnitude and design of celebrations in autocratic states indicate a different ideational function that these symbolic events play in an autocratic political system. Autocratic elites have the administrative capacity to distort everyday routines and impose ideological principles of how people participate in state celebrations. How citizens engage in official celebratory practices in an authoritarian political context formulates a valuable contribution to the conceptualisation of national celebrations. Drawing on focus group discussions and ethnographic observations, I investigate how people negotiate meanings of celebratory and commemorative practices in the context of autocratic Belarus. I discuss how volatile the symbolic politics is when the invention of new symbolic traditions or the reinvention of old narratives does not appeal to all social groups and lacks authenticity.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"roedererrynning-greenwood-blackboxesandopensecretstriloguesaspoliticiseddiplomacy-2020\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1080/01402382.2020.1716526\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'roedererrynning-greenwood-blackboxesandopensecretstriloguesaspoliticiseddiplomacy-2020', 'https://doi.org/10.1080/01402382.2020.1716526', event);\">\n    Black boxes and open secrets: trilogues as ‘politicised diplomacy’.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Roederer-Rynning, C.;  and Greenwood, J.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  <i>West European Politics</i>, 44(3): 485–509. December 2020.\n  <span class=\"note\">Publisher: Routledge _eprint: https://doi.org/10.1080/01402382.2020.1716526</span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1080/01402382.2020.1716526\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('roedererrynning-greenwood-blackboxesandopensecretstriloguesaspoliticiseddiplomacy-2020', 'https://doi.org/10.1080/01402382.2020.1716526', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"Black boxes and open secrets: trilogues as ‘politicised diplomacy’ [link]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.org/10.1080/01402382.2020.1716526\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('roedererrynning-greenwood-blackboxesandopensecretstriloguesaspoliticiseddiplomacy-2020', 'http://doi.org/10.1080/01402382.2020.1716526', event.ctrlKey)\"\n     class=\"bibbase doi link\">\n    <span>doi</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/roedererrynning-greenwood-blackboxesandopensecretstriloguesaspoliticiseddiplomacy-2020\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('roedererrynning-greenwood-blackboxesandopensecretstriloguesaspoliticiseddiplomacy-2020')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@article{roederer-rynning_black_2020,\n\ttitle = {Black boxes and open secrets: trilogues as ‘politicised diplomacy’},\n\tvolume = {44},\n\tissn = {0140-2382},\n\tshorttitle = {Black boxes and open secrets},\n\turl = {https://doi.org/10.1080/01402382.2020.1716526},\n\tdoi = {10.1080/01402382.2020.1716526},\n\tabstract = {Why do EU actors promote secluded fora of decision making even as they have committed themselves to open and public lawmaking? How do they perceive and reconcile the ensuing tensions in practice? These questions, arising amidst growing public controversy, point to a blind spot in the scholarly agenda on EU lawmaking, which has overwhelmingly focused on the games institutions play. From an interpretivist perspective, we argue that rules are ‘made’ not by detached officials, but by practitioners puzzling out the meaning of their actions in their everyday experiences. Based on extensive interview material, the article captures trilogues as ‘politicised diplomacy’ and shows how they have become a ‘permeable institution’, shaped by dense flows of exchange between ‘insiders’ and ‘outsiders’. The article helps pinpoint to what extent and how trilogues challenge democratic norms; and it punctures the myth of trilogues as quiet politics dominated by producer interests.},\n\tnumber = {3},\n\turldate = {2024-08-12},\n\tjournal = {West European Politics},\n\tauthor = {Roederer-Rynning, Christilla and Greenwood, Justin},\n\tmonth = dec,\n\tyear = {2020},\n\tnote = {Publisher: Routledge\n\\_eprint: https://doi.org/10.1080/01402382.2020.1716526},\n\tkeywords = {interpretive research, ordinary legislative procedure, politicised diplomacy, seclusion, trilogues},\n\tpages = {485--509},\n}\n\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  Why do EU actors promote secluded fora of decision making even as they have committed themselves to open and public lawmaking? How do they perceive and reconcile the ensuing tensions in practice? These questions, arising amidst growing public controversy, point to a blind spot in the scholarly agenda on EU lawmaking, which has overwhelmingly focused on the games institutions play. From an interpretivist perspective, we argue that rules are ‘made’ not by detached officials, but by practitioners puzzling out the meaning of their actions in their everyday experiences. Based on extensive interview material, the article captures trilogues as ‘politicised diplomacy’ and shows how they have become a ‘permeable institution’, shaped by dense flows of exchange between ‘insiders’ and ‘outsiders’. The article helps pinpoint to what extent and how trilogues challenge democratic norms; and it punctures the myth of trilogues as quiet politics dominated by producer interests.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"riofrancos-resourceradicalsfrompetronationalismtopostextractivisminecuador-2020\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"http://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctv14t48kg\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'riofrancos-resourceradicalsfrompetronationalismtopostextractivisminecuador-2020', 'http://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctv14t48kg', event);\">\n    Resource Radicals: From Petro-Nationalism to Post-Extractivism in Ecuador.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Riofrancos, T.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  Duke University Press, Durham, NC,  2020.\n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctv14t48kg\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('riofrancos-resourceradicalsfrompetronationalismtopostextractivisminecuador-2020', 'http://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctv14t48kg', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"Resource Radicals: From Petro-Nationalism to Post-Extractivism in Ecuador [link]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv14t48kg\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('riofrancos-resourceradicalsfrompetronationalismtopostextractivisminecuador-2020', 'http://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv14t48kg', event.ctrlKey)\"\n     class=\"bibbase doi link\">\n    <span>doi</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/riofrancos-resourceradicalsfrompetronationalismtopostextractivisminecuador-2020\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('riofrancos-resourceradicalsfrompetronationalismtopostextractivisminecuador-2020')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@book{riofrancos_resource_2020,\n\taddress = {Durham, NC},\n\ttitle = {Resource {Radicals}: {From} {Petro}-{Nationalism} to {Post}-{Extractivism} in {Ecuador}},\n\tisbn = {978-1-4780-0796-8},\n\turl = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctv14t48kg},\n\tabstract = {In 2007, the left came to power in Ecuador. In the years that followed, the &quot;twenty-first-century socialist&quot; government and a\ncoalition of grassroots activists came to blows over the extraction of natural resources. Each side declared the other a perversion of leftism and the principles of socioeconomic equality, popular\nempowerment, and anti-imperialism. In {\\textless}em{\\textgreater}Resource Radicals{\\textless}/em{\\textgreater}, Thea Riofrancos unpacks the conflict between these two leftisms: on the one hand, the administration&#x27;s resource nationalism and focus on economic development; and on the other, the anti-extractivism of grassroots activists who condemned the government&#x27;s disregard for nature and indigenous communities. In this archival and\nethnographic study, Riofrancos expands the study of resource\npolitics by decentering state resource policy and locating it in a field of political struggle populated by actors with conflicting\nvisions of resource extraction. She demonstrates how Ecuador&#x27;s\ncommodity-dependent economy and history of indigenous uprisings\noffer a unique opportunity to understand development, democracy,\nand the ecological foundations of global capitalism.},\n\turldate = {2024-08-12},\n\tpublisher = {Duke University Press},\n\tauthor = {Riofrancos, Thea},\n\tyear = {2020},\n\tdoi = {10.2307/j.ctv14t48kg},\n}\n\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  In 2007, the left came to power in Ecuador. In the years that followed, the \"twenty-first-century socialist\" government and a coalition of grassroots activists came to blows over the extraction of natural resources. Each side declared the other a perversion of leftism and the principles of socioeconomic equality, popular empowerment, and anti-imperialism. In \\textlessem\\textgreaterResource Radicals\\textless/em\\textgreater, Thea Riofrancos unpacks the conflict between these two leftisms: on the one hand, the administration's resource nationalism and focus on economic development; and on the other, the anti-extractivism of grassroots activists who condemned the government's disregard for nature and indigenous communities. In this archival and ethnographic study, Riofrancos expands the study of resource politics by decentering state resource policy and locating it in a field of political struggle populated by actors with conflicting visions of resource extraction. She demonstrates how Ecuador's commodity-dependent economy and history of indigenous uprisings offer a unique opportunity to understand development, democracy, and the ecological foundations of global capitalism.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"nishiyama-betweenprotectionandparticipationrethinkingchildrensrightstoparticipateinprotestsonstreetsonlinespacesandschools-2020\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1080/14754835.2020.1783523\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'nishiyama-betweenprotectionandparticipationrethinkingchildrensrightstoparticipateinprotestsonstreetsonlinespacesandschools-2020', 'https://doi.org/10.1080/14754835.2020.1783523', event);\">\n    Between protection and participation: Rethinking children’s rights to participate in protests on streets, online spaces, and schools.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Nishiyama, K.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  <i>Journal of Human Rights</i>, 19(4): 501–517. August 2020.\n  <span class=\"note\">Publisher: Routledge _eprint: https://doi.org/10.1080/14754835.2020.1783523</span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1080/14754835.2020.1783523\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('nishiyama-betweenprotectionandparticipationrethinkingchildrensrightstoparticipateinprotestsonstreetsonlinespacesandschools-2020', 'https://doi.org/10.1080/14754835.2020.1783523', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"Between protection and participation: Rethinking children’s rights to participate in protests on streets, online spaces, and schools [link]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.org/10.1080/14754835.2020.1783523\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('nishiyama-betweenprotectionandparticipationrethinkingchildrensrightstoparticipateinprotestsonstreetsonlinespacesandschools-2020', 'http://doi.org/10.1080/14754835.2020.1783523', event.ctrlKey)\"\n     class=\"bibbase doi link\">\n    <span>doi</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/nishiyama-betweenprotectionandparticipationrethinkingchildrensrightstoparticipateinprotestsonstreetsonlinespacesandschools-2020\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('nishiyama-betweenprotectionandparticipationrethinkingchildrensrightstoparticipateinprotestsonstreetsonlinespacesandschools-2020')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@article{nishiyama_between_2020,\n\ttitle = {Between protection and participation: {Rethinking} children’s rights to participate in protests on streets, online spaces, and schools},\n\tvolume = {19},\n\tissn = {1475-4835},\n\tshorttitle = {Between protection and participation},\n\turl = {https://doi.org/10.1080/14754835.2020.1783523},\n\tdoi = {10.1080/14754835.2020.1783523},\n\tabstract = {This article engages in a critical reflection on children’s right to participation, focusing on their participation in three key spaces—streets, online spaces, and schools. These spaces are mentioned frequently in UN documents, yet the principle of protection tends to trump that of participation when it comes to children’s activity in these spaces. Such treatment would not only underestimate the participatory dynamics of these spaces but also reinforce the dominant understanding of children as vulnerable, passive, and immature beings. By critically examining UNICEF’s annual report, “The State of the World’s Children,” through a qualitative content analysis and drawing on recent counterexamples of children’s activities in these spaces, this article reconceptualizes the participatory capacities of these spaces.},\n\tnumber = {4},\n\turldate = {2024-08-12},\n\tjournal = {Journal of Human Rights},\n\tauthor = {Nishiyama, Kei},\n\tmonth = aug,\n\tyear = {2020},\n\tnote = {Publisher: Routledge\n\\_eprint: https://doi.org/10.1080/14754835.2020.1783523},\n\tpages = {501--517},\n}\n\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  This article engages in a critical reflection on children’s right to participation, focusing on their participation in three key spaces—streets, online spaces, and schools. These spaces are mentioned frequently in UN documents, yet the principle of protection tends to trump that of participation when it comes to children’s activity in these spaces. Such treatment would not only underestimate the participatory dynamics of these spaces but also reinforce the dominant understanding of children as vulnerable, passive, and immature beings. By critically examining UNICEF’s annual report, “The State of the World’s Children,” through a qualitative content analysis and drawing on recent counterexamples of children’s activities in these spaces, this article reconceptualizes the participatory capacities of these spaces.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"marusek-parkingpolicythesociolegalarchitectureofparkingbaysinamericancities-2020\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0264837718313310\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'marusek-parkingpolicythesociolegalarchitectureofparkingbaysinamericancities-2020', 'https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0264837718313310', event);\">\n    Parking policy: The socio-legal architecture of parking bays in American cities.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Marusek, S.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  <i>Land Use Policy</i>, 91: 103931. February 2020.\n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0264837718313310\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('marusek-parkingpolicythesociolegalarchitectureofparkingbaysinamericancities-2020', 'https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0264837718313310', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"Parking policy: The socio-legal architecture of parking bays in American cities [link]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2019.03.044\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('marusek-parkingpolicythesociolegalarchitectureofparkingbaysinamericancities-2020', 'http://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2019.03.044', event.ctrlKey)\"\n     class=\"bibbase doi link\">\n    <span>doi</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/marusek-parkingpolicythesociolegalarchitectureofparkingbaysinamericancities-2020\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('marusek-parkingpolicythesociolegalarchitectureofparkingbaysinamericancities-2020')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@article{marusek_parking_2020,\n\ttitle = {Parking policy: {The} socio-legal architecture of parking bays in {American} cities},\n\tvolume = {91},\n\tissn = {0264-8377},\n\tshorttitle = {Parking policy},\n\turl = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0264837718313310},\n\tdoi = {10.1016/j.landusepol.2019.03.044},\n\tabstract = {In Western vehicularized society, we are constructed by lines. We wait in queues while stuck in traffic, waiting for a morning coffee, even to receive basic governmental entitlements. Lines perpetuate order in an otherwise world of chaos. Lines frame how we distinguish between order and chaos. In parking, lines frame a legitimized rectangle of vehicular occupancy. In other words, the marked parking space is ours for a little while *if* we park within the lines. The legal aesthetic of lines designating parking spaces on pavement symbolizes a legal landscape of cars and people. This performance of law that keeps us ‘in line’ is a really a construction of order designed according to the spatiality of belonging (Philippopoulos-Mihalopoulos, 2015). Whether on streets or in lots, pavement that is painted for parking is a site of legal culture. This material spatialization perpetuates a map of life based upon vehicular size and designated usage. The cultural architecture of these lines spatially engenders the paved environment (Dovey, 2009; Lefebvre, 1991) and generates a form visual legal pollution that further contributes to the nomospheric occupancy of place in everyday life (Delaney, 2010). Yet, everyday resistance to such linear normativity (Barr, 2015) disrupts the normative ordering of place and tests the socio-legal imagination.},\n\turldate = {2024-08-12},\n\tjournal = {Land Use Policy},\n\tauthor = {Marusek, Sarah},\n\tmonth = feb,\n\tyear = {2020},\n\tkeywords = {Parking},\n\tpages = {103931},\n}\n\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  In Western vehicularized society, we are constructed by lines. We wait in queues while stuck in traffic, waiting for a morning coffee, even to receive basic governmental entitlements. Lines perpetuate order in an otherwise world of chaos. Lines frame how we distinguish between order and chaos. In parking, lines frame a legitimized rectangle of vehicular occupancy. In other words, the marked parking space is ours for a little while *if* we park within the lines. The legal aesthetic of lines designating parking spaces on pavement symbolizes a legal landscape of cars and people. This performance of law that keeps us ‘in line’ is a really a construction of order designed according to the spatiality of belonging (Philippopoulos-Mihalopoulos, 2015). Whether on streets or in lots, pavement that is painted for parking is a site of legal culture. This material spatialization perpetuates a map of life based upon vehicular size and designated usage. The cultural architecture of these lines spatially engenders the paved environment (Dovey, 2009; Lefebvre, 1991) and generates a form visual legal pollution that further contributes to the nomospheric occupancy of place in everyday life (Delaney, 2010). Yet, everyday resistance to such linear normativity (Barr, 2015) disrupts the normative ordering of place and tests the socio-legal imagination.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"calliari-serdeczny-vanhala-makingsenseofthepoliticsintheclimatechangelossdamagedebate-2020\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0959378020307160\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'calliari-serdeczny-vanhala-makingsenseofthepoliticsintheclimatechangelossdamagedebate-2020', 'https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0959378020307160', event);\">\n    Making sense of the politics in the climate change loss & damage debate.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Calliari, E.; Serdeczny, O.;  and Vanhala, L.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  <i>Global Environmental Change</i>, 64: 102133. September 2020.\n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0959378020307160\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('calliari-serdeczny-vanhala-makingsenseofthepoliticsintheclimatechangelossdamagedebate-2020', 'https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0959378020307160', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"Making sense of the politics in the climate change loss &amp; damage debate [link]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2020.102133\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('calliari-serdeczny-vanhala-makingsenseofthepoliticsintheclimatechangelossdamagedebate-2020', 'http://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2020.102133', event.ctrlKey)\"\n     class=\"bibbase doi link\">\n    <span>doi</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/calliari-serdeczny-vanhala-makingsenseofthepoliticsintheclimatechangelossdamagedebate-2020\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('calliari-serdeczny-vanhala-makingsenseofthepoliticsintheclimatechangelossdamagedebate-2020')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@article{calliari_making_2020,\n\ttitle = {Making sense of the politics in the climate change loss \\&amp; damage debate},\n\tvolume = {64},\n\tissn = {0959-3780},\n\turl = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0959378020307160},\n\tdoi = {10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2020.102133},\n\tabstract = {The Warsaw International Mechanism for Loss and Damage (L\\&amp;D) associated with Climate Change Impacts (WIM) was established in 2013 to advance i) knowledge generation; ii) coordination and iii) support to address losses and damages under the UNFCCC. So far, the work undertaken by the WIM Executive Committee (ExCom) has focused on enhancing understanding and awareness of the issue and promoting collaboration with relevant stakeholders. Delivering on the WIM’s third function on action and support has lagged behind, and ‘the political’ nature of L\\&amp;D has often been blamed for this. Key terrains of contention among Parties have included the positioning of L\\&amp;D governance vis-à-vis the adaptation space and struggles around state liability and compensation. As a way to facilitate discussion on implementation options, recent research has suggested de-politicising aspects of the L\\&amp;D debate; yet we have very little insight into how the politics are understood within the realm of international L\\&amp;D governance. This paper brings an analysis of ‘the political’ into the picture by identifying the complex and underlying issues that fuel contention within UNFCCC L\\&amp;D negotiations. It gives centre stage to the way different framings of norms and material interests affect the debate, and challenges the tendency in current L\\&amp;D literature to overlook the socio-historical and political underpinnings of this area of policy-making. We employ a qualitative multi-methods research design which draws on content analysis of 138 official Parties’ submissions and statements, 14 elite interviews with key current and former L\\&amp;D negotiators and is built on a foundation of 3 years of participant observation at COPs and WIM meetings. We approach this data with a political ethnographic sensibility that seeks to explore how meanings are constructed within and across different sources of data. Our empirical results show that, rather than being a monolithic dispute, L\\&amp;D catalyses different yet intertwined unresolved discussions. We identify five areas of contention, including continued disputes around compensation; conflicts on the legitimacy of L\\&amp;D as a third pillar of climate action; tensions between the technical and political dimension of the debate; debates over accountability for losses and damages incurred; and the connection of L\\&amp;D with other unresolved issues under the Convention.},\n\turldate = {2024-08-11},\n\tjournal = {Global Environmental Change},\n\tauthor = {Calliari, E. and Serdeczny, O. and Vanhala, L.},\n\tmonth = sep,\n\tyear = {2020},\n\tkeywords = {International relations, Loss and damage, Multi-methods, Negotiations, Political ethnography, Politics, UNFCCC},\n\tpages = {102133},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  The Warsaw International Mechanism for Loss and Damage (L&D) associated with Climate Change Impacts (WIM) was established in 2013 to advance i) knowledge generation; ii) coordination and iii) support to address losses and damages under the UNFCCC. So far, the work undertaken by the WIM Executive Committee (ExCom) has focused on enhancing understanding and awareness of the issue and promoting collaboration with relevant stakeholders. Delivering on the WIM’s third function on action and support has lagged behind, and ‘the political’ nature of L&D has often been blamed for this. Key terrains of contention among Parties have included the positioning of L&D governance vis-à-vis the adaptation space and struggles around state liability and compensation. As a way to facilitate discussion on implementation options, recent research has suggested de-politicising aspects of the L&D debate; yet we have very little insight into how the politics are understood within the realm of international L&D governance. This paper brings an analysis of ‘the political’ into the picture by identifying the complex and underlying issues that fuel contention within UNFCCC L&D negotiations. It gives centre stage to the way different framings of norms and material interests affect the debate, and challenges the tendency in current L&D literature to overlook the socio-historical and political underpinnings of this area of policy-making. We employ a qualitative multi-methods research design which draws on content analysis of 138 official Parties’ submissions and statements, 14 elite interviews with key current and former L&D negotiators and is built on a foundation of 3 years of participant observation at COPs and WIM meetings. We approach this data with a political ethnographic sensibility that seeks to explore how meanings are constructed within and across different sources of data. Our empirical results show that, rather than being a monolithic dispute, L&D catalyses different yet intertwined unresolved discussions. We identify five areas of contention, including continued disputes around compensation; conflicts on the legitimacy of L&D as a third pillar of climate action; tensions between the technical and political dimension of the debate; debates over accountability for losses and damages incurred; and the connection of L&D with other unresolved issues under the Convention.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"bevir-hall-theenglishschoolandtheclassicalapproachbetweenmodernismandinterpretivism-2020\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1177/1755088219898883\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'bevir-hall-theenglishschoolandtheclassicalapproachbetweenmodernismandinterpretivism-2020', 'https://doi.org/10.1177/1755088219898883', event);\">\n    The English school and the classical approach: Between modernism and interpretivism.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Bevir, M.;  and Hall, I.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  <i>Journal of International Political Theory</i>, 16(2): 153–170. June 2020.\n  <span class=\"note\">Publisher: SAGE Publications</span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1177/1755088219898883\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('bevir-hall-theenglishschoolandtheclassicalapproachbetweenmodernismandinterpretivism-2020', 'https://doi.org/10.1177/1755088219898883', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"The English school and the classical approach: Between modernism and interpretivism [link]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.org/10.1177/1755088219898883\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('bevir-hall-theenglishschoolandtheclassicalapproachbetweenmodernismandinterpretivism-2020', 'http://doi.org/10.1177/1755088219898883', event.ctrlKey)\"\n     class=\"bibbase doi link\">\n    <span>doi</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/bevir-hall-theenglishschoolandtheclassicalapproachbetweenmodernismandinterpretivism-2020\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('bevir-hall-theenglishschoolandtheclassicalapproachbetweenmodernismandinterpretivism-2020')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@article{bevir_english_2020,\n\ttitle = {The {English} school and the classical approach: {Between} modernism and interpretivism},\n\tvolume = {16},\n\tissn = {1755-0882},\n\tshorttitle = {The {English} school and the classical approach},\n\turl = {https://doi.org/10.1177/1755088219898883},\n\tdoi = {10.1177/1755088219898883},\n\tabstract = {This article analyses the evolution of the English school’s approach to international relations from the work of the early British Committee in the late 1950s and early 1960s to its revival in the 1990s and afterwards. It argues that the school’s so-called ‘classical approach’ was shaped by the crisis of developmental historicism brought on by the First World War and by the reactions of historians like Herbert Butterfield and Martin Wight to the rise of modernist social science in the twentieth century. It characterises the classical approach, as advanced by Hedley Bull, as a form of ‘reluctant modernism’ with underlying interpretivist commitments and unresolved tensions with modernist approaches. It argues that to resolve some of the confusion concerning its preferred approach to the study of international relations, the English school should return to the interpretivist commitments of its early thinkers.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {2},\n\turldate = {2024-08-09},\n\tjournal = {Journal of International Political Theory},\n\tauthor = {Bevir, Mark and Hall, Ian},\n\tmonth = jun,\n\tyear = {2020},\n\tnote = {Publisher: SAGE Publications},\n\tpages = {153--170},\n}\n\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  This article analyses the evolution of the English school’s approach to international relations from the work of the early British Committee in the late 1950s and early 1960s to its revival in the 1990s and afterwards. It argues that the school’s so-called ‘classical approach’ was shaped by the crisis of developmental historicism brought on by the First World War and by the reactions of historians like Herbert Butterfield and Martin Wight to the rise of modernist social science in the twentieth century. It characterises the classical approach, as advanced by Hedley Bull, as a form of ‘reluctant modernism’ with underlying interpretivist commitments and unresolved tensions with modernist approaches. It argues that to resolve some of the confusion concerning its preferred approach to the study of international relations, the English school should return to the interpretivist commitments of its early thinkers.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"barbehn-geugjes-haus-middleclassandwelfarestatemakingsenseofanambivalentrelationship-2020\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"https://www.routledge.com/Middle-Class-and-Welfare-State-Making-Sense-of-an-Ambivalent-Relationship/Barbehon-Geugjes-Haus/p/book/9781032474649\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'barbehn-geugjes-haus-middleclassandwelfarestatemakingsenseofanambivalentrelationship-2020', 'https://www.routledge.com/Middle-Class-and-Welfare-State-Making-Sense-of-an-Ambivalent-Relationship/Barbehon-Geugjes-Haus/p/book/9781032474649', event);\">\n    Middle Class and Welfare State: Making Sense of an Ambivalent Relationship.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Barbehön, M.; Geugjes, M.;  and Haus, M.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  Routledge, London, UK, March 2020.\n  <span class=\"note\">Google-Books-ID: PabYDwAAQBAJ</span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"https://www.routledge.com/Middle-Class-and-Welfare-State-Making-Sense-of-an-Ambivalent-Relationship/Barbehon-Geugjes-Haus/p/book/9781032474649\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('barbehn-geugjes-haus-middleclassandwelfarestatemakingsenseofanambivalentrelationship-2020', 'https://www.routledge.com/Middle-Class-and-Welfare-State-Making-Sense-of-an-Ambivalent-Relationship/Barbehon-Geugjes-Haus/p/book/9781032474649', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"Middle Class and Welfare State: Making Sense of an Ambivalent Relationship [link]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/barbehn-geugjes-haus-middleclassandwelfarestatemakingsenseofanambivalentrelationship-2020\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('barbehn-geugjes-haus-middleclassandwelfarestatemakingsenseofanambivalentrelationship-2020')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@book{barbehon_middle_2020,\n\taddress = {London, UK},\n\ttitle = {Middle {Class} and {Welfare} {State}: {Making} {Sense} of an {Ambivalent} {Relationship}},\n\tisbn = {978-1-00-005970-0},\n\tshorttitle = {Middle {Class} and {Welfare} {State}},\n\turl = {https://www.routledge.com/Middle-Class-and-Welfare-State-Making-Sense-of-an-Ambivalent-Relationship/Barbehon-Geugjes-Haus/p/book/9781032474649},\n\tabstract = {This book examines the relationship between the middle class and the welfare state. Taking an interpretive approach which understands the middle class as a socially constructed category, it combines discourse analysis, welfare state theory, and interpretive policy analysis in an innovative way to investigate how the middle class becomes a meaningful object of public debates and policymaking. Comparing Germany, Sweden, and the United Kingdom, the book reconstructs the prevalent images and meanings of the middle class from each country’s public debates and tracks how the middle classes with their various meanings and characteristics are entangled with the identification of societal problems, the articulation of political demands, and the construction of welfare policies. Ultimately, it shows how the formation and consolidation of different welfare regimes can be interpreted as specific ways of solving the puzzle of how to incorporate the middle class in the construction of a welfare state consensus. This book will be of key interest to scholars and students of comparative welfare state research, policy analysis, political sociology, political theory, and European and comparative politics.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tpublisher = {Routledge},\n\tauthor = {Barbehön, Marlon and Geugjes, Marilena and Haus, Michael},\n\tmonth = mar,\n\tyear = {2020},\n\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: PabYDwAAQBAJ},\n\tkeywords = {Political Science / General, Political Science / Public Opinion Polling, Political Science / Public Policy / Social Policy, Political Science / Public Policy / Social Services \\&amp; Welfare, Social Science / General, Social Science / Regional Studies, Social Science / Sociology / General},\n}\n\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  This book examines the relationship between the middle class and the welfare state. Taking an interpretive approach which understands the middle class as a socially constructed category, it combines discourse analysis, welfare state theory, and interpretive policy analysis in an innovative way to investigate how the middle class becomes a meaningful object of public debates and policymaking. Comparing Germany, Sweden, and the United Kingdom, the book reconstructs the prevalent images and meanings of the middle class from each country’s public debates and tracks how the middle classes with their various meanings and characteristics are entangled with the identification of societal problems, the articulation of political demands, and the construction of welfare policies. Ultimately, it shows how the formation and consolidation of different welfare regimes can be interpreted as specific ways of solving the puzzle of how to incorporate the middle class in the construction of a welfare state consensus. This book will be of key interest to scholars and students of comparative welfare state research, policy analysis, political sociology, political theory, and European and comparative politics.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"soedirgo-glas-towardactivereflexivitypositionalityandpracticeintheproductionofknowledge-2020\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/ps-political-science-and-politics/article/toward-active-reflexivity-positionality-and-practice-in-the-production-of-knowledge/ED2DD00CC7C9F7AE55A0BA3139462AFB\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'soedirgo-glas-towardactivereflexivitypositionalityandpracticeintheproductionofknowledge-2020', 'https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/ps-political-science-and-politics/article/toward-active-reflexivity-positionality-and-practice-in-the-production-of-knowledge/ED2DD00CC7C9F7AE55A0BA3139462AFB', event);\">\n    Toward Active Reflexivity: Positionality and Practice in the Production of Knowledge.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Soedirgo, J.;  and Glas, A.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  <i>PS: Political Science & Politics</i>, 53(3): 527–531. July 2020.\n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/ps-political-science-and-politics/article/toward-active-reflexivity-positionality-and-practice-in-the-production-of-knowledge/ED2DD00CC7C9F7AE55A0BA3139462AFB\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('soedirgo-glas-towardactivereflexivitypositionalityandpracticeintheproductionofknowledge-2020', 'https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/ps-political-science-and-politics/article/toward-active-reflexivity-positionality-and-practice-in-the-production-of-knowledge/ED2DD00CC7C9F7AE55A0BA3139462AFB', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"Toward Active Reflexivity: Positionality and Practice in the Production of Knowledge [link]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.org/10.1017/S1049096519002233\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('soedirgo-glas-towardactivereflexivitypositionalityandpracticeintheproductionofknowledge-2020', 'http://doi.org/10.1017/S1049096519002233', event.ctrlKey)\"\n     class=\"bibbase doi link\">\n    <span>doi</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/soedirgo-glas-towardactivereflexivitypositionalityandpracticeintheproductionofknowledge-2020\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('soedirgo-glas-towardactivereflexivitypositionalityandpracticeintheproductionofknowledge-2020')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@article{soedirgo_toward_2020,\n\ttitle = {Toward {Active} {Reflexivity}: {Positionality} and {Practice} in the {Production} of {Knowledge}},\n\tvolume = {53},\n\tissn = {1049-0965, 1537-5935},\n\tshorttitle = {Toward {Active} {Reflexivity}},\n\turl = {https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/ps-political-science-and-politics/article/toward-active-reflexivity-positionality-and-practice-in-the-production-of-knowledge/ED2DD00CC7C9F7AE55A0BA3139462AFB},\n\tdoi = {10.1017/S1049096519002233},\n\tabstract = {How should scholars recognize and respond to the complexities of positionality during the research process? Although there has been much theorizing on the intersectional and context-dependent nature of positionality, there remains a disjuncture between how positionality is understood theoretically and how it is applied. Ignoring the dynamism of positionality in practice has implications for the research process. This article theorizes one means of recognizing and responding to positionality in practice: a posture of “active reflexivity.” It outlines how we can become actively reflexive by adopting a disposition toward both ongoing reflection about our own social location and ongoing reflection on our assumptions regarding others’ perceptions. We then articulate four strategies for doing active reflexivity: recording assumptions around positionality; routinizing and systemizing reflexivity; bringing other actors into the process; and “showing our work” in the publication process.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {3},\n\turldate = {2024-08-09},\n\tjournal = {PS: Political Science \\&amp; Politics},\n\tauthor = {Soedirgo, Jessica and Glas, Aarie},\n\tmonth = jul,\n\tyear = {2020},\n\tpages = {527--531},\n}\n\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  How should scholars recognize and respond to the complexities of positionality during the research process? Although there has been much theorizing on the intersectional and context-dependent nature of positionality, there remains a disjuncture between how positionality is understood theoretically and how it is applied. Ignoring the dynamism of positionality in practice has implications for the research process. This article theorizes one means of recognizing and responding to positionality in practice: a posture of “active reflexivity.” It outlines how we can become actively reflexive by adopting a disposition toward both ongoing reflection about our own social location and ongoing reflection on our assumptions regarding others’ perceptions. We then articulate four strategies for doing active reflexivity: recording assumptions around positionality; routinizing and systemizing reflexivity; bringing other actors into the process; and “showing our work” in the publication process.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"scauso-interpretivismdefinitionstrendsandemergingpaths-2020\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"https://oxfordre.com/internationalstudies/display/10.1093/acrefore/9780190846626.001.0001/acrefore-9780190846626-e-522\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'scauso-interpretivismdefinitionstrendsandemergingpaths-2020', 'https://oxfordre.com/internationalstudies/display/10.1093/acrefore/9780190846626.001.0001/acrefore-9780190846626-e-522', event);\">\n    Interpretivism: Definitions, Trends, and Emerging Paths.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Scauso, M. S.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  In Sandal, N. A., editor(s), <i>Oxford Research Encyclopedia of International Studies</i>. Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK, February 2020.\n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"https://oxfordre.com/internationalstudies/display/10.1093/acrefore/9780190846626.001.0001/acrefore-9780190846626-e-522\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('scauso-interpretivismdefinitionstrendsandemergingpaths-2020', 'https://oxfordre.com/internationalstudies/display/10.1093/acrefore/9780190846626.001.0001/acrefore-9780190846626-e-522', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"Interpretivism: Definitions, Trends, and Emerging Paths [link]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190846626.013.522\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('scauso-interpretivismdefinitionstrendsandemergingpaths-2020', 'http://doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190846626.013.522', event.ctrlKey)\"\n     class=\"bibbase doi link\">\n    <span>doi</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/scauso-interpretivismdefinitionstrendsandemergingpaths-2020\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('scauso-interpretivismdefinitionstrendsandemergingpaths-2020')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@incollection{scauso_interpretivism_2020,\n\taddress = {Oxford, UK},\n\ttitle = {Interpretivism: {Definitions}, {Trends}, and {Emerging} {Paths}},\n\tisbn = {978-0-19-084662-6},\n\tshorttitle = {Interpretivism},\n\turl = {https://oxfordre.com/internationalstudies/display/10.1093/acrefore/9780190846626.001.0001/acrefore-9780190846626-e-522},\n\tabstract = {&quot;Interpretivism: Definitions, Trends, and Emerging\n            Paths&quot; published on  by Oxford University Press.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\turldate = {2024-08-09},\n\tbooktitle = {Oxford {Research} {Encyclopedia} of {International} {Studies}},\n\tpublisher = {Oxford University Press},\n\tauthor = {Scauso, Marcos S.},\n\teditor = {Sandal, Nukhet A.},\n\tmonth = feb,\n\tyear = {2020},\n\tdoi = {10.1093/acrefore/9780190846626.013.522},\n}\n\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  \"Interpretivism: Definitions, Trends, and Emerging Paths\" published on by Oxford University Press.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"nielsen-3reciteinterpretivefieldworkforpositivists-2020\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.7312/krau19300-005/html?lang=en\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'nielsen-3reciteinterpretivefieldworkforpositivists-2020', 'https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.7312/krau19300-005/html?lang=en', event);\">\n    3. Recite! Interpretive Fieldwork for Positivists.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Nielsen, R. A.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  In Krause, P.;  and Szekely, O., editor(s), <i>Stories from the Field: A Guide to Navigating Fieldwork in Political Science</i>, pages 36–46. Columbia University Press, New York, NY, August 2020.\n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.7312/krau19300-005/html?lang=en\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('nielsen-3reciteinterpretivefieldworkforpositivists-2020', 'https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.7312/krau19300-005/html?lang=en', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"3. Recite! Interpretive Fieldwork for Positivists. [link]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.org/10.7312/krau19300-005\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('nielsen-3reciteinterpretivefieldworkforpositivists-2020', 'http://doi.org/10.7312/krau19300-005', event.ctrlKey)\"\n     class=\"bibbase doi link\">\n    <span>doi</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/nielsen-3reciteinterpretivefieldworkforpositivists-2020\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('nielsen-3reciteinterpretivefieldworkforpositivists-2020')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@incollection{nielsen_3_2020,\n\taddress = {New York, NY},\n\ttitle = {3. {Recite}! {Interpretive} {Fieldwork} for {Positivists}.},\n\tcopyright = {De Gruyter expressly reserves the right to use all content for commercial text and data mining within the meaning of Section 44b of the German Copyright Act.},\n\tisbn = {978-0-231-55010-9},\n\turl = {https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.7312/krau19300-005/html?lang=en},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\turldate = {2024-08-09},\n\tbooktitle = {Stories from the {Field}: {A} {Guide} to {Navigating} {Fieldwork} in {Political} {Science}},\n\tpublisher = {Columbia University Press},\n\tauthor = {Nielsen, Richard A.},\n\teditor = {Krause, Peter and Szekely, Ora},\n\tmonth = aug,\n\tyear = {2020},\n\tdoi = {10.7312/krau19300-005},\n\tpages = {36--46},\n}\n\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"kurowska-interpretivescholarshipincontemporaryinternationalrelations-2020\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"https://www.ceeol.com/search/article-detail?id=896477\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'kurowska-interpretivescholarshipincontemporaryinternationalrelations-2020', 'https://www.ceeol.com/search/article-detail?id=896477', event);\">\n    Interpretive Scholarship in Contemporary International Relations.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Kurowska, X.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  <i>Teoria Polityki</i>, (4): 93–107.  2020.\n  <span class=\"note\">Publisher: Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego</span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"https://www.ceeol.com/search/article-detail?id=896477\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('kurowska-interpretivescholarshipincontemporaryinternationalrelations-2020', 'https://www.ceeol.com/search/article-detail?id=896477', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"Interpretive Scholarship in Contemporary International Relations [link]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/kurowska-interpretivescholarshipincontemporaryinternationalrelations-2020\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('kurowska-interpretivescholarshipincontemporaryinternationalrelations-2020')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@article{kurowska_interpretive_2020,\n\ttitle = {Interpretive {Scholarship} in {Contemporary} {International} {Relations}},\n\tissn = {2543-7046, 2544-0845},\n\turl = {https://www.ceeol.com/search/article-detail?id=896477},\n\tabstract = {Interpretive International Relations (IR) has become a robust and diverse research programme, consolidating across various subfields of the discipline. However, this is a recent phenomenon. While early classical realists and English School scholars clearly drew on interpretive thought, these contributions did not coalesce into a well defined and specifically interpretive research agenda. The ‘interpretive turn’ in social sciences and humanities in the 1970s and epistemological pluralisation of political science and IR in the 1990s slowly made space for interpretive theory and research. This paper reconstructs, first, what makes interpretive IR distinct, and, second, what it means to engage in interpretive inquiry in this field, conceptually and substantively. It discusses in particular the implications of the monist ontological position that interpretivists tend to occupy and the conditions of knowledge production within the hermeneutical circle. These reject the possibility of transcending the context and bring to bear the researcher’s involvement in knowledge production as inevitable but generative. The paper also explicates the still poorly understood concept of ‘intersubjectivity’ as being defining for the interpretivist sensibility and one which directly contests positivist ideals. Interpretive IR scholarship serves as a veritable showcase for interpretive research practice, and points to the growing significance and volume of such scholarship.},\n\tlanguage = {English},\n\tnumber = {4},\n\turldate = {2024-08-09},\n\tjournal = {Teoria Polityki},\n\tauthor = {Kurowska, Xymena},\n\tyear = {2020},\n\tnote = {Publisher: Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego},\n\tkeywords = {International Relations, contextualism, interpretivism, intersubjectivity, reflexive methodology},\n\tpages = {93--107},\n}\n\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  Interpretive International Relations (IR) has become a robust and diverse research programme, consolidating across various subfields of the discipline. However, this is a recent phenomenon. While early classical realists and English School scholars clearly drew on interpretive thought, these contributions did not coalesce into a well defined and specifically interpretive research agenda. The ‘interpretive turn’ in social sciences and humanities in the 1970s and epistemological pluralisation of political science and IR in the 1990s slowly made space for interpretive theory and research. This paper reconstructs, first, what makes interpretive IR distinct, and, second, what it means to engage in interpretive inquiry in this field, conceptually and substantively. It discusses in particular the implications of the monist ontological position that interpretivists tend to occupy and the conditions of knowledge production within the hermeneutical circle. These reject the possibility of transcending the context and bring to bear the researcher’s involvement in knowledge production as inevitable but generative. The paper also explicates the still poorly understood concept of ‘intersubjectivity’ as being defining for the interpretivist sensibility and one which directly contests positivist ideals. Interpretive IR scholarship serves as a veritable showcase for interpretive research practice, and points to the growing significance and volume of such scholarship.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"kurowska-bliesemanndeguevara-interpretiveapproachesinpoliticalscienceandinternationalrelations-2020\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  Interpretive Approaches in Political Science and International Relations.\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Kurowska, X.;  and Bliesemann de Guevara, B.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  In Curini, L.;  and Franzese, R. J., editor(s), <i>The SAGE Handbook of Research Methods in Political Science and International Relations</i>, pages 1211–1240. SAGE Publishing, May 2020.\n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.org/10.4135/9781526486387.n66\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('kurowska-bliesemanndeguevara-interpretiveapproachesinpoliticalscienceandinternationalrelations-2020', 'http://doi.org/10.4135/9781526486387.n66', event.ctrlKey)\"\n     class=\"bibbase doi link\">\n    <span>doi</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/kurowska-bliesemanndeguevara-interpretiveapproachesinpoliticalscienceandinternationalrelations-2020\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('kurowska-bliesemanndeguevara-interpretiveapproachesinpoliticalscienceandinternationalrelations-2020')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@incollection{kurowska_interpretive_2020,\n\ttitle = {Interpretive {Approaches} in {Political} {Science} and {International} {Relations}},\n\tisbn = {978-1-5264-5993-0},\n\tbooktitle = {The {SAGE} {Handbook} of {Research} {Methods} in {Political} {Science} and {International} {Relations}},\n\tpublisher = {SAGE Publishing},\n\tauthor = {Kurowska, Xymena and Bliesemann de Guevara, Berit},\n\teditor = {Curini, Luigi and Franzese, Robert J., Jr.},\n\tmonth = may,\n\tyear = {2020},\n\tdoi = {10.4135/9781526486387.n66},\n\tpages = {1211--1240},\n}\n\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"kurowska-interpretingtheuninterpretabletheethicsofopaquenessasanapproachtomomentsofinscrutabilityinfieldwork-2020\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093/ips/olaa011\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'kurowska-interpretingtheuninterpretabletheethicsofopaquenessasanapproachtomomentsofinscrutabilityinfieldwork-2020', 'https://doi.org/10.1093/ips/olaa011', event);\">\n    Interpreting the Uninterpretable: The Ethics of Opaqueness as an Approach to Moments of Inscrutability in Fieldwork.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Kurowska, X.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  <i>International Political Sociology</i>, 14(4): 431–446. November 2020.\n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093/ips/olaa011\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('kurowska-interpretingtheuninterpretabletheethicsofopaquenessasanapproachtomomentsofinscrutabilityinfieldwork-2020', 'https://doi.org/10.1093/ips/olaa011', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"Interpreting the Uninterpretable: The Ethics of Opaqueness as an Approach to Moments of Inscrutability in Fieldwork [link]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.org/10.1093/ips/olaa011\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('kurowska-interpretingtheuninterpretabletheethicsofopaquenessasanapproachtomomentsofinscrutabilityinfieldwork-2020', 'http://doi.org/10.1093/ips/olaa011', event.ctrlKey)\"\n     class=\"bibbase doi link\">\n    <span>doi</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/kurowska-interpretingtheuninterpretabletheethicsofopaquenessasanapproachtomomentsofinscrutabilityinfieldwork-2020\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('kurowska-interpretingtheuninterpretabletheethicsofopaquenessasanapproachtomomentsofinscrutabilityinfieldwork-2020')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@article{kurowska_interpreting_2020,\n\ttitle = {Interpreting the {Uninterpretable}: {The} {Ethics} of {Opaqueness} as an {Approach} to {Moments} of {Inscrutability} in {Fieldwork}},\n\tvolume = {14},\n\tissn = {1749-5679},\n\tshorttitle = {Interpreting the {Uninterpretable}},\n\turl = {https://doi.org/10.1093/ips/olaa011},\n\tdoi = {10.1093/ips/olaa011},\n\tabstract = {This paper develops what I call “the ethics of opaqueness” as a response to conceptual impasses concerning the uninterpretability of intersubjective knowledge production in narrative practice. The ethics of opaqueness sees the other as inscrutable and radically heterogenous, and confronts interpretations of the other by the self as suspicious projections. Thus, such an ethics addresses the self, not the other, as the object of the “hermeneutics of suspicion.” In order to conceptualize the ethics of opaqueness, I look to relational psychoanalysis, which understands the unconscious as being inherently intersubjective. This results in a reformulation of the process of recognition, and deeper acknowledgment of countertransference—that is, the partly unconscious conflicts activated in the researcher through the research encounter, which may lead to imposing meaning on the other. The apparatus of relational psychoanalysis concretizes the limits of knowing either the other or the self and supplies a vocabulary to crystallize the double quality of “uninterpretable moments” in narrative practice. They may trigger an imposition of a frame and therefore an interpretive closure; however, they also supply a potentially transformative space for the contentious co-construction of meaning, often in the form of metaphors, which subverts any claim to interpretive mastery.},\n\tnumber = {4},\n\turldate = {2024-08-09},\n\tjournal = {International Political Sociology},\n\tauthor = {Kurowska, Xymena},\n\tmonth = nov,\n\tyear = {2020},\n\tpages = {431--446},\n}\n\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  This paper develops what I call “the ethics of opaqueness” as a response to conceptual impasses concerning the uninterpretability of intersubjective knowledge production in narrative practice. The ethics of opaqueness sees the other as inscrutable and radically heterogenous, and confronts interpretations of the other by the self as suspicious projections. Thus, such an ethics addresses the self, not the other, as the object of the “hermeneutics of suspicion.” In order to conceptualize the ethics of opaqueness, I look to relational psychoanalysis, which understands the unconscious as being inherently intersubjective. This results in a reformulation of the process of recognition, and deeper acknowledgment of countertransference—that is, the partly unconscious conflicts activated in the researcher through the research encounter, which may lead to imposing meaning on the other. The apparatus of relational psychoanalysis concretizes the limits of knowing either the other or the self and supplies a vocabulary to crystallize the double quality of “uninterpretable moments” in narrative practice. They may trigger an imposition of a frame and therefore an interpretive closure; however, they also supply a potentially transformative space for the contentious co-construction of meaning, often in the form of metaphors, which subverts any claim to interpretive mastery.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"kuakowska-interpretivetheoriesinpoliticalscience-2020\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"https://www.ceeol.com/search/article-detail?id=896419\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'kuakowska-interpretivetheoriesinpoliticalscience-2020', 'https://www.ceeol.com/search/article-detail?id=896419', event);\">\n    Interpretive Theories in Political Science.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Kułakowska, M.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  <i>Teoria Polityki</i>, (4): 31–41.  2020.\n  <span class=\"note\">Publisher: Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego</span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"https://www.ceeol.com/search/article-detail?id=896419\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('kuakowska-interpretivetheoriesinpoliticalscience-2020', 'https://www.ceeol.com/search/article-detail?id=896419', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"Interpretive Theories in Political Science [link]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.4467/25440845TP.19.014.11780\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('kuakowska-interpretivetheoriesinpoliticalscience-2020', 'http://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.4467/25440845TP.19.014.11780', event.ctrlKey)\"\n     class=\"bibbase doi link\">\n    <span>doi</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/kuakowska-interpretivetheoriesinpoliticalscience-2020\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('kuakowska-interpretivetheoriesinpoliticalscience-2020')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@article{kulakowska_interpretive_2020,\n\ttitle = {Interpretive {Theories} in {Political} {Science}},\n\tissn = {2543-7046, 2544-0845},\n\turl = {https://www.ceeol.com/search/article-detail?id=896419},\n\tdoi = {https://doi.org/10.4467/25440845TP.19.014.11780},\n\tabstract = {The aim of the paper is to present the premises of the interpretative approach, with its internal diversity and methodological implications. While the first part of the paper discusses possible meanings connected with the concept of an interpretive approach, the second focuses on methodological implications and choices inspired by interpretivism.},\n\tlanguage = {English},\n\tnumber = {4},\n\turldate = {2024-08-09},\n\tjournal = {Teoria Polityki},\n\tauthor = {Kułakowska, Małgorzata},\n\tyear = {2020},\n\tnote = {Publisher: Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego},\n\tkeywords = {interpretivism, meaning analysis, methodology, qualitative-interpretive methods, research design},\n\tpages = {31--41},\n}\n\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  The aim of the paper is to present the premises of the interpretative approach, with its internal diversity and methodological implications. While the first part of the paper discusses possible meanings connected with the concept of an interpretive approach, the second focuses on methodological implications and choices inspired by interpretivism.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"hofius-towardsatheoryofthegapaddressingtherelationshipbetweenpracticeandtheory-2020\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/global-constitutionalism/article/towards-a-theory-of-the-gap-addressing-the-relationship-between-practice-and-theory/5FCF0122F9D72E000E5CB7256FE930EB\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'hofius-towardsatheoryofthegapaddressingtherelationshipbetweenpracticeandtheory-2020', 'https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/global-constitutionalism/article/towards-a-theory-of-the-gap-addressing-the-relationship-between-practice-and-theory/5FCF0122F9D72E000E5CB7256FE930EB', event);\">\n    Towards a ‘theory of the gap’: Addressing the relationship between practice and theory.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Hofius, M.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  <i>Global Constitutionalism</i>, 9(1): 169–182. March 2020.\n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/global-constitutionalism/article/towards-a-theory-of-the-gap-addressing-the-relationship-between-practice-and-theory/5FCF0122F9D72E000E5CB7256FE930EB\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('hofius-towardsatheoryofthegapaddressingtherelationshipbetweenpracticeandtheory-2020', 'https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/global-constitutionalism/article/towards-a-theory-of-the-gap-addressing-the-relationship-between-practice-and-theory/5FCF0122F9D72E000E5CB7256FE930EB', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"Towards a ‘theory of the gap’: Addressing the relationship between practice and theory [link]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.org/10.1017/S2045381719000431\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('hofius-towardsatheoryofthegapaddressingtherelationshipbetweenpracticeandtheory-2020', 'http://doi.org/10.1017/S2045381719000431', event.ctrlKey)\"\n     class=\"bibbase doi link\">\n    <span>doi</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/hofius-towardsatheoryofthegapaddressingtherelationshipbetweenpracticeandtheory-2020\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('hofius-towardsatheoryofthegapaddressingtherelationshipbetweenpracticeandtheory-2020')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@article{hofius_towards_2020,\n\ttitle = {Towards a ‘theory of the gap’: {Addressing} the relationship between practice and theory},\n\tvolume = {9},\n\tissn = {2045-3817, 2045-3825},\n\tshorttitle = {Towards a ‘theory of the gap’},\n\turl = {https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/global-constitutionalism/article/towards-a-theory-of-the-gap-addressing-the-relationship-between-practice-and-theory/5FCF0122F9D72E000E5CB7256FE930EB},\n\tdoi = {10.1017/S2045381719000431},\n\tabstract = {In their ground-breaking philosophical investigation of the ‘practice turn’ Lechner and Frost prompt a standpoint debate in international relations theory, which touches upon the relationship between practice theory and its subject matter. Lechner and Frost decidedly opt for an internal standpoint, which promises to understand a social practice in terms of the meaning-in-use of its participants. This article argues that the internalist promise will ultimately remain unfulfilled, however, for the aim of collapsing the distinction between the ‘language of action’ and ‘language of observation’ is epistemologically impossible. Taking such an ‘internal’ perspective not only underestimates the problem of the double hermeneutic. It also disregards the gap between theory and practice. Any social enquiry that fails to acknowledge this gap inevitably becomes externalist, for it misses to reflect on its own normative presuppositions. The way ahead is to address this gap reflexively by way of a triple hermeneutics that is bolstered by abductive reasoning.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {1},\n\turldate = {2024-08-09},\n\tjournal = {Global Constitutionalism},\n\tauthor = {Hofius, Maren},\n\tmonth = mar,\n\tyear = {2020},\n\tkeywords = {abduction, externalism, internalism, practice turn, triple hermeneutics},\n\tpages = {169--182},\n}\n\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  In their ground-breaking philosophical investigation of the ‘practice turn’ Lechner and Frost prompt a standpoint debate in international relations theory, which touches upon the relationship between practice theory and its subject matter. Lechner and Frost decidedly opt for an internal standpoint, which promises to understand a social practice in terms of the meaning-in-use of its participants. This article argues that the internalist promise will ultimately remain unfulfilled, however, for the aim of collapsing the distinction between the ‘language of action’ and ‘language of observation’ is epistemologically impossible. Taking such an ‘internal’ perspective not only underestimates the problem of the double hermeneutic. It also disregards the gap between theory and practice. Any social enquiry that fails to acknowledge this gap inevitably becomes externalist, for it misses to reflect on its own normative presuppositions. The way ahead is to address this gap reflexively by way of a triple hermeneutics that is bolstered by abductive reasoning.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"brigden-gohdes-thepoliticsofdataaccessinstudyingviolenceacrossmethodologicalboundarieswhatwecanlearnfromeachother-2020\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"https://academic.oup.com/isr/article-abstract/22/2/250/5803372\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'brigden-gohdes-thepoliticsofdataaccessinstudyingviolenceacrossmethodologicalboundarieswhatwecanlearnfromeachother-2020', 'https://academic.oup.com/isr/article-abstract/22/2/250/5803372', event);\">\n    The Politics of Data Access in Studying Violence across Methodological Boundaries: What We Can Learn from Each Other?.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Brigden, N. K.;  and Gohdes, A. R.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  <i>International Studies Review</i>, 22(2): 250–267.  2020.\n  <span class=\"note\">Publisher: Oxford University Press</span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"https://academic.oup.com/isr/article-abstract/22/2/250/5803372\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('brigden-gohdes-thepoliticsofdataaccessinstudyingviolenceacrossmethodologicalboundarieswhatwecanlearnfromeachother-2020', 'https://academic.oup.com/isr/article-abstract/22/2/250/5803372', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"The Politics of Data Access in Studying Violence across Methodological Boundaries: What We Can Learn from Each Other? [link]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/brigden-gohdes-thepoliticsofdataaccessinstudyingviolenceacrossmethodologicalboundarieswhatwecanlearnfromeachother-2020\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('brigden-gohdes-thepoliticsofdataaccessinstudyingviolenceacrossmethodologicalboundarieswhatwecanlearnfromeachother-2020')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@article{brigden_politics_2020,\n\ttitle = {The {Politics} of {Data} {Access} in {Studying} {Violence} across {Methodological} {Boundaries}: {What} {We} {Can} {Learn} from {Each} {Other}?},\n\tvolume = {22},\n\tshorttitle = {The {Politics} of {Data} {Access} in {Studying} {Violence} across {Methodological} {Boundaries}},\n\turl = {https://academic.oup.com/isr/article-abstract/22/2/250/5803372},\n\tnumber = {2},\n\turldate = {2024-08-09},\n\tjournal = {International Studies Review},\n\tauthor = {Brigden, Noelle K. and Gohdes, Anita R.},\n\tyear = {2020},\n\tnote = {Publisher: Oxford University Press},\n\tpages = {250--267},\n}\n\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"bartels-wagenaar-li-introductiontowardsdeliberativepolicyanalysis20-2020\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1080/01442872.2020.1772219\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'bartels-wagenaar-li-introductiontowardsdeliberativepolicyanalysis20-2020', 'https://doi.org/10.1080/01442872.2020.1772219', event);\">\n    Introduction: towards deliberative policy analysis 2.0.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Bartels, K. P.; Wagenaar, H.;  and Li, Y.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  <i>Policy Studies</i>, 41(4): 295–306. July 2020.\n  <span class=\"note\">Publisher: Routledge _eprint: https://doi.org/10.1080/01442872.2020.1772219</span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1080/01442872.2020.1772219\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('bartels-wagenaar-li-introductiontowardsdeliberativepolicyanalysis20-2020', 'https://doi.org/10.1080/01442872.2020.1772219', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"Introduction: towards deliberative policy analysis 2.0 [link]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.org/10.1080/01442872.2020.1772219\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('bartels-wagenaar-li-introductiontowardsdeliberativepolicyanalysis20-2020', 'http://doi.org/10.1080/01442872.2020.1772219', event.ctrlKey)\"\n     class=\"bibbase doi link\">\n    <span>doi</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/bartels-wagenaar-li-introductiontowardsdeliberativepolicyanalysis20-2020\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('bartels-wagenaar-li-introductiontowardsdeliberativepolicyanalysis20-2020')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@article{bartels_introduction_2020,\n\ttitle = {Introduction: towards deliberative policy analysis 2.0},\n\tvolume = {41},\n\tissn = {0144-2872},\n\tshorttitle = {Introduction},\n\turl = {https://doi.org/10.1080/01442872.2020.1772219},\n\tdoi = {10.1080/01442872.2020.1772219},\n\tabstract = {The purpose of this second special issue is to build on and extend the development of Deliberative Policy Analysis (DPA) 2.0 that was set in motion by the first special issue on DPA in this journal. It is set up around a symposium focused on integrating DPA’s pillars of interpretation, practice, and deliberation. We identify three key threads for interweaving these three pillars and advancing DPA 2.0 and introduce the five other contributions to this special issue along these lines. We conclude that DPA 2.0 offers a range of solid and progressive approaches for methodically engaging with the complexity, relationality and practical nature of policy processes.},\n\tnumber = {4},\n\turldate = {2024-08-09},\n\tjournal = {Policy Studies},\n\tauthor = {Bartels, Koen P.R. and Wagenaar, Hendrik and Li, Ya},\n\tmonth = jul,\n\tyear = {2020},\n\tnote = {Publisher: Routledge\n\\_eprint: https://doi.org/10.1080/01442872.2020.1772219},\n\tkeywords = {Deliberative policy analysis, complexity, deliberation, interpretation, practice, relationality},\n\tpages = {295--306},\n}\n\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  The purpose of this second special issue is to build on and extend the development of Deliberative Policy Analysis (DPA) 2.0 that was set in motion by the first special issue on DPA in this journal. It is set up around a symposium focused on integrating DPA’s pillars of interpretation, practice, and deliberation. We identify three key threads for interweaving these three pillars and advancing DPA 2.0 and introduce the five other contributions to this special issue along these lines. We conclude that DPA 2.0 offers a range of solid and progressive approaches for methodically engaging with the complexity, relationality and practical nature of policy processes.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"jackson-thedangersofinterpretationcawmanningandthegoingconcernofinternationalsociety-2020\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1177/1755088220905333\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'jackson-thedangersofinterpretationcawmanningandthegoingconcernofinternationalsociety-2020', 'https://doi.org/10.1177/1755088220905333', event);\">\n    The dangers of interpretation: C.A.W. Manning and the “going concern” of international society.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Jackson, P. T.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  <i>Journal of International Political Theory</i>, 16(2): 133–152. June 2020.\n  <span class=\"note\">Publisher: SAGE Publications</span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1177/1755088220905333\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('jackson-thedangersofinterpretationcawmanningandthegoingconcernofinternationalsociety-2020', 'https://doi.org/10.1177/1755088220905333', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"The dangers of interpretation: C.A.W. Manning and the “going concern” of international society [link]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.org/10.1177/1755088220905333\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('jackson-thedangersofinterpretationcawmanningandthegoingconcernofinternationalsociety-2020', 'http://doi.org/10.1177/1755088220905333', event.ctrlKey)\"\n     class=\"bibbase doi link\">\n    <span>doi</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/jackson-thedangersofinterpretationcawmanningandthegoingconcernofinternationalsociety-2020\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('jackson-thedangersofinterpretationcawmanningandthegoingconcernofinternationalsociety-2020')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@article{jackson_dangers_2020,\n\ttitle = {The dangers of interpretation: {C}.{A}.{W}. {Manning} and the “going concern” of international society},\n\tvolume = {16},\n\tissn = {1755-0882},\n\tshorttitle = {The dangers of interpretation},\n\turl = {https://doi.org/10.1177/1755088220905333},\n\tdoi = {10.1177/1755088220905333},\n\tabstract = {C. A. W. Manning was an important figure in the early days of what became known as the English School, and was one of the most philosophically explicit articulators of the interpretivist approach that informed that branch of scholarship. He was also a defender of the apartheid system of his native South Africa. A close examination of his work reveals both the promises and the pitfalls of a methodologically interpretive approach to explanation. An interpretive explanation involves developing the capacity in the listener to “go on” appropriately, and this makes criticizing the rules of the game somewhat difficult, but not impossible. A clearer understanding of what an interpretive explanation is may very well help us to avoid the pitfalls illustrated by Manning’s advocacy, which I argue is made possible by a category confusion that remains very much with us: a confusion between delineating the rules of a given domain, and actively advocating or defending those principles.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {2},\n\turldate = {2024-08-09},\n\tjournal = {Journal of International Political Theory},\n\tauthor = {Jackson, Patrick Thaddeus},\n\tmonth = jun,\n\tyear = {2020},\n\tnote = {Publisher: SAGE Publications},\n\tpages = {133--152},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  C. A. W. Manning was an important figure in the early days of what became known as the English School, and was one of the most philosophically explicit articulators of the interpretivist approach that informed that branch of scholarship. He was also a defender of the apartheid system of his native South Africa. A close examination of his work reveals both the promises and the pitfalls of a methodologically interpretive approach to explanation. An interpretive explanation involves developing the capacity in the listener to “go on” appropriately, and this makes criticizing the rules of the game somewhat difficult, but not impossible. A clearer understanding of what an interpretive explanation is may very well help us to avoid the pitfalls illustrated by Manning’s advocacy, which I argue is made possible by a category confusion that remains very much with us: a confusion between delineating the rules of a given domain, and actively advocating or defending those principles.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"brown-jr-stout-thepoliticsofprotestreadingsontheblacklivesmattermovement-2020\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  The Politics of Protest: Readings on the Black Lives Matter Movement.\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Brown, N. E.; Jr, R. B.;  and Stout, C.,\n  editors.\n  \n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  Routledge, London, December 2020.\n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.org/10.4324/9781003119722\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('brown-jr-stout-thepoliticsofprotestreadingsontheblacklivesmattermovement-2020', 'http://doi.org/10.4324/9781003119722', event.ctrlKey)\"\n     class=\"bibbase doi link\">\n    <span>doi</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/brown-jr-stout-thepoliticsofprotestreadingsontheblacklivesmattermovement-2020\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('brown-jr-stout-thepoliticsofprotestreadingsontheblacklivesmattermovement-2020')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@book{brown_politics_2020,\n\taddress = {London},\n\ttitle = {The {Politics} of {Protest}: {Readings} on the {Black} {Lives} {Matter} {Movement}},\n\tisbn = {978-1-00-311972-2},\n\tshorttitle = {The {Politics} of {Protest}},\n\tabstract = {This collection provides a deep engagement with the political implication of Black Lives Matter. This book covers a broad range of topics using a variety of methods and epistemological approaches.\nIn the twenty-first century, the killings of Black Americans have sparked a movement to end the brutality against Black bodies. In 2013, \\#BlackLivesMatter would become a movement-building project led by Alicia Garza, Patrisse Cullors, and Opal Tometi. This movement began after the acquittal of George Zimmerman, who murdered 17-year-old Trayvon Martin. The movement has continued to fight for racial justice and has experienced a resurgence following the 2020 slayings of Ahmaud Arbery, George Floyd, Breonna Taylor, Sean Reed, Tony McDade, and David McAtee among others. The continued protests raise questions about how we can end this vicious cycle and lead Blacks to a state of normalcy in the United States. In other words, how can we make any advances made by Black Lives Matter stick?\nThe chapters in this book were originally published in the journal Politics, Groups, and Identities.},\n\tpublisher = {Routledge},\n\teditor = {Brown, Nadia E. and Jr, Ray Block and Stout, Christopher},\n\tmonth = dec,\n\tyear = {2020},\n\tdoi = {10.4324/9781003119722},\n}\n\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  This collection provides a deep engagement with the political implication of Black Lives Matter. This book covers a broad range of topics using a variety of methods and epistemological approaches. In the twenty-first century, the killings of Black Americans have sparked a movement to end the brutality against Black bodies. In 2013, #BlackLivesMatter would become a movement-building project led by Alicia Garza, Patrisse Cullors, and Opal Tometi. This movement began after the acquittal of George Zimmerman, who murdered 17-year-old Trayvon Martin. The movement has continued to fight for racial justice and has experienced a resurgence following the 2020 slayings of Ahmaud Arbery, George Floyd, Breonna Taylor, Sean Reed, Tony McDade, and David McAtee among others. The continued protests raise questions about how we can end this vicious cycle and lead Blacks to a state of normalcy in the United States. In other words, how can we make any advances made by Black Lives Matter stick? The chapters in this book were originally published in the journal Politics, Groups, and Identities.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"beach-kaas-thegreatdividesincommensurabilitytheimpossibilityofmixedmethodologyandwhattodoaboutit-2020\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093/isr/viaa016\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'beach-kaas-thegreatdividesincommensurabilitytheimpossibilityofmixedmethodologyandwhattodoaboutit-2020', 'https://doi.org/10.1093/isr/viaa016', event);\">\n    The Great Divides: Incommensurability, the Impossibility of Mixed-Methodology, and What to Do about It.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Beach, D.;  and Kaas, J. G.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  <i>International Studies Review</i>, 22(2): 214–235. June 2020.\n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093/isr/viaa016\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('beach-kaas-thegreatdividesincommensurabilitytheimpossibilityofmixedmethodologyandwhattodoaboutit-2020', 'https://doi.org/10.1093/isr/viaa016', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"The Great Divides: Incommensurability, the Impossibility of Mixed-Methodology, and What to Do about It [link]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.org/10.1093/isr/viaa016\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('beach-kaas-thegreatdividesincommensurabilitytheimpossibilityofmixedmethodologyandwhattodoaboutit-2020', 'http://doi.org/10.1093/isr/viaa016', event.ctrlKey)\"\n     class=\"bibbase doi link\">\n    <span>doi</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/beach-kaas-thegreatdividesincommensurabilitytheimpossibilityofmixedmethodologyandwhattodoaboutit-2020\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('beach-kaas-thegreatdividesincommensurabilitytheimpossibilityofmixedmethodologyandwhattodoaboutit-2020')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@article{beach_great_2020,\n\ttitle = {The {Great} {Divides}: {Incommensurability}, the {Impossibility} of {Mixed}-{Methodology}, and {What} to {Do} about {It}},\n\tvolume = {22},\n\tissn = {1521-9488},\n\tshorttitle = {The {Great} {Divides}},\n\turl = {https://doi.org/10.1093/isr/viaa016},\n\tdoi = {10.1093/isr/viaa016},\n\tabstract = {There is still significant confusion about how multimethod research can be undertaken and even if it is possible. The article makes the claims that much of the confusion is the result of a failure to distinguish between multimethod and multimethodology research. We argue that there are at least three different methodological languages: variance-based, case-based, and interpretivist. The article starts by discussing the ontological and epistemological foundations underlying the three different methodologies that result in them making very different types of claims evidenced with very different empirical material. Variance-based methodologies assesses mean causal effects across a set of cases, whereas case-based methodologies focus on how a causal process works within a case. Markedly different from the causally oriented variance- and case-bases approaches, interpretivist research ask questions about human meaning-making in specific contexts. While the claim of methodological incommensurability is not a new claim, the contribution we make in this article is to unpack more clearly the irreconcilable differences that exist across the three methodologies and how they play out in international studies scholarship, and to provide suggestions for what we can do about it.},\n\tnumber = {2},\n\turldate = {2024-08-09},\n\tjournal = {International Studies Review},\n\tauthor = {Beach, Derek and Kaas, Jonas Gejl},\n\tmonth = jun,\n\tyear = {2020},\n\tpages = {214--235},\n}\n\n\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  There is still significant confusion about how multimethod research can be undertaken and even if it is possible. The article makes the claims that much of the confusion is the result of a failure to distinguish between multimethod and multimethodology research. We argue that there are at least three different methodological languages: variance-based, case-based, and interpretivist. The article starts by discussing the ontological and epistemological foundations underlying the three different methodologies that result in them making very different types of claims evidenced with very different empirical material. Variance-based methodologies assesses mean causal effects across a set of cases, whereas case-based methodologies focus on how a causal process works within a case. Markedly different from the causally oriented variance- and case-bases approaches, interpretivist research ask questions about human meaning-making in specific contexts. While the claim of methodological incommensurability is not a new claim, the contribution we make in this article is to unpack more clearly the irreconcilable differences that exist across the three methodologies and how they play out in international studies scholarship, and to provide suggestions for what we can do about it.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n\n\n\n    </div>\n  </div>\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_group_whole\" id=\"group_2019\">\n    <div class=\"bibbase_group\"\n      onclick=\"toggleGroup('group_2019')\"\n      onkeypress=\"toggleGroup('group_2019')\"\n      tabindex=\"0\">\n      <i class=\"fa fa-angle-down bibbase_group_head_icon\"></i>&nbsp;\n      <span>2019</span>\n      <span class=\"bibbase_group_count\">\n        \n        (28)\n        \n      </span>\n    </div>\n    <div class=\"bibbase_group_body\">\n      \n  \n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"kirsch-soldmysoulforastudentloanhighereducationandthepoliticaleconomyofthefuture-2019\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"https://www.bloomsbury.com/us/sold-my-soul-for-a-student-loan-9781440850714/\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'kirsch-soldmysoulforastudentloanhighereducationandthepoliticaleconomyofthefuture-2019', 'https://www.bloomsbury.com/us/sold-my-soul-for-a-student-loan-9781440850714/', event);\">\n    Sold My Soul for a Student Loan: Higher Education and the Political Economy of the Future.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Kirsch, D. T.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  Bloomsbury Publishing USA, April 2019.\n  <span class=\"note\">Google-Books-ID: 4IzDEAAAQBAJ</span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"https://www.bloomsbury.com/us/sold-my-soul-for-a-student-loan-9781440850714/\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('kirsch-soldmysoulforastudentloanhighereducationandthepoliticaleconomyofthefuture-2019', 'https://www.bloomsbury.com/us/sold-my-soul-for-a-student-loan-9781440850714/', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"Sold My Soul for a Student Loan: Higher Education and the Political Economy of the Future [link]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/kirsch-soldmysoulforastudentloanhighereducationandthepoliticaleconomyofthefuture-2019\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('kirsch-soldmysoulforastudentloanhighereducationandthepoliticaleconomyofthefuture-2019')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@book{kirsch_sold_2019,\n\ttitle = {Sold {My} {Soul} for a {Student} {Loan}: {Higher} {Education} and the {Political} {Economy} of the {Future}},\n\tisbn = {978-1-4408-5072-1},\n\tshorttitle = {Sold {My} {Soul} for a {Student} {Loan}},\n\turl = {https://www.bloomsbury.com/us/sold-my-soul-for-a-student-loan-9781440850714/},\n\tabstract = {With unprecedented student debt keeping an entire generation from realizing the &quot;American Dream,&quot; this book sounds a warning about how that debt may undermine both higher education—and our democracy.American higher education boasts one of the most impressive legacies in the world, but the price of admission for many is now endless debt. As this book shows, increasing educational indebtedness undermines the real value of higher education in our democracy. To help readers understand this dilemma, the book examines how student debt became commonplace and what the long-term effects of such an ongoing reality might be. Sold My Soul for a Student Loan examines this vitally important issue from an unprecedented diversity of perspectives, focusing on the fact that student debt is hindering the ability of millions of people to enter the job market, the housing market, the consumer economy, and the political process.Among other topics, the book covers the history of consumer debt in the United States, the history of federal policy toward higher education, and political action in response to the issue of student debt. Perhaps most importantly, it explores the new relationship debtor-citizens have to the government as a result of debt, and how that impacts democracy for a new generation.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tpublisher = {Bloomsbury Publishing USA},\n\tauthor = {Kirsch, Daniel T.},\n\tmonth = apr,\n\tyear = {2019},\n\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: 4IzDEAAAQBAJ},\n\tkeywords = {Education / Educational Policy \\&amp; Reform / General, Political Science / Public Policy / Economic Policy, Political Science / Public Policy / General},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  With unprecedented student debt keeping an entire generation from realizing the \"American Dream,\" this book sounds a warning about how that debt may undermine both higher education—and our democracy.American higher education boasts one of the most impressive legacies in the world, but the price of admission for many is now endless debt. As this book shows, increasing educational indebtedness undermines the real value of higher education in our democracy. To help readers understand this dilemma, the book examines how student debt became commonplace and what the long-term effects of such an ongoing reality might be. Sold My Soul for a Student Loan examines this vitally important issue from an unprecedented diversity of perspectives, focusing on the fact that student debt is hindering the ability of millions of people to enter the job market, the housing market, the consumer economy, and the political process.Among other topics, the book covers the history of consumer debt in the United States, the history of federal policy toward higher education, and political action in response to the issue of student debt. Perhaps most importantly, it explores the new relationship debtor-citizens have to the government as a result of debt, and how that impacts democracy for a new generation.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"friedman-powerwithoutknowledgeacritiqueoftechnocracy-2019\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190877170.001.0001\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'friedman-powerwithoutknowledgeacritiqueoftechnocracy-2019', 'https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190877170.001.0001', event);\">\n    Power without Knowledge: A Critique of Technocracy.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Friedman, J.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  Oxford University Press, December 2019.\n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190877170.001.0001\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('friedman-powerwithoutknowledgeacritiqueoftechnocracy-2019', 'https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190877170.001.0001', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"Power without Knowledge: A Critique of Technocracy [link]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190877170.001.0001\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('friedman-powerwithoutknowledgeacritiqueoftechnocracy-2019', 'http://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190877170.001.0001', event.ctrlKey)\"\n     class=\"bibbase doi link\">\n    <span>doi</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/friedman-powerwithoutknowledgeacritiqueoftechnocracy-2019\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('friedman-powerwithoutknowledgeacritiqueoftechnocracy-2019')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@book{friedman_power_2019,\n\ttitle = {Power without {Knowledge}: {A} {Critique} of {Technocracy}},\n\tisbn = {978-0-19-087717-0},\n\turl = {https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190877170.001.0001},\n\tabstract = {Technocrats claim to know how to solve the social and economic problems of complex modern societies. But this would require predicting how people will act once technocrats impose their policy solutions. Power Without Knowledge argues that people’s ideas, w hich govern their deliberate actions, are too heterogeneous for their behavior to be reliably predicted. Thus, a technocracy of social-scientific experts cannot be expected to accomplish its objectives. The author also shows that a large part of contemporary mass politics, even populist mass politics, is technocratic, as members of the general public often assume that they are competent to decide which policies or politicians will be able to solve social and economic problems. How, then, do “citizen-technocrats” make these decisions? Drawing on political psychology and survey research, the author contends that people often assume that the solutions to social problems are self-evident, such that politics becomes a matter of vetting public officials for their good intentions and strong wills, not their knowledge. Turning to the more conventional meaning of technocracy, the author argues that social scientists, too, drastically oversimplify technocratic realities, but in an entirely different manner. Neoclassical economists, for example, theorize that people respond rationally to the incentives they face. This theory is simplistic, but it creates the appearance that people’s behavior is predictable. Without such oversimplifications, the author argues, technocracy would be seen by technocrats themselves to be chimerical.},\n\turldate = {2024-08-14},\n\tpublisher = {Oxford University Press},\n\tauthor = {Friedman, Jeffrey},\n\tmonth = dec,\n\tyear = {2019},\n\tdoi = {10.1093/oso/9780190877170.001.0001},\n}\n\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  Technocrats claim to know how to solve the social and economic problems of complex modern societies. But this would require predicting how people will act once technocrats impose their policy solutions. Power Without Knowledge argues that people’s ideas, w hich govern their deliberate actions, are too heterogeneous for their behavior to be reliably predicted. Thus, a technocracy of social-scientific experts cannot be expected to accomplish its objectives. The author also shows that a large part of contemporary mass politics, even populist mass politics, is technocratic, as members of the general public often assume that they are competent to decide which policies or politicians will be able to solve social and economic problems. How, then, do “citizen-technocrats” make these decisions? Drawing on political psychology and survey research, the author contends that people often assume that the solutions to social problems are self-evident, such that politics becomes a matter of vetting public officials for their good intentions and strong wills, not their knowledge. Turning to the more conventional meaning of technocracy, the author argues that social scientists, too, drastically oversimplify technocratic realities, but in an entirely different manner. Neoclassical economists, for example, theorize that people respond rationally to the incentives they face. This theory is simplistic, but it creates the appearance that people’s behavior is predictable. Without such oversimplifications, the author argues, technocracy would be seen by technocrats themselves to be chimerical.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"blake-contentiousrituals-2019\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"https://global.oup.com/academic/product/contentious-rituals-9780190915582\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'blake-contentiousrituals-2019', 'https://global.oup.com/academic/product/contentious-rituals-9780190915582', event);\">\n    Contentious Rituals.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Blake, J. S.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  Oxford University Press, March 2019.\n  <span class=\"note\">Cc: us Lang: en Tab: overview</span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"https://global.oup.com/academic/product/contentious-rituals-9780190915582\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('blake-contentiousrituals-2019', 'https://global.oup.com/academic/product/contentious-rituals-9780190915582', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"Contentious Rituals [link]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/blake-contentiousrituals-2019\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('blake-contentiousrituals-2019')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@book{blake_contentious_2019,\n\ttitle = {Contentious {Rituals}},\n\tisbn = {978-0-19-091558-2},\n\turl = {https://global.oup.com/academic/product/contentious-rituals-9780190915582},\n\tabstract = {Throughout the world, divisive monuments, ceremonies, and processions assert and reinforce claims to territory, legitimacy, and dominance. These contested symbols and rituals strengthen and lend meaning to communal boundaries; confer and renew identities; and inflame tensions between groups, polarizing communities and, at times, triggering violence.In Contentious Rituals, Jonathan S.},\n\tlanguage = {en\\_GB},\n\turldate = {2024-08-14},\n\tpublisher = {Oxford University Press},\n\tauthor = {Blake, Jonathan S.},\n\tmonth = mar,\n\tyear = {2019},\n\tnote = {Cc: us\nLang: en\nTab: overview},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  Throughout the world, divisive monuments, ceremonies, and processions assert and reinforce claims to territory, legitimacy, and dominance. These contested symbols and rituals strengthen and lend meaning to communal boundaries; confer and renew identities; and inflame tensions between groups, polarizing communities and, at times, triggering violence.In Contentious Rituals, Jonathan S.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"knott-beyondthefieldethicsafterfieldworkinpoliticallydynamiccontexts-2019\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/perspectives-on-politics/article/beyond-the-field-ethics-after-fieldwork-in-politically-dynamic-contexts/2733AF7906407A9F5D93D0A7C844B459\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'knott-beyondthefieldethicsafterfieldworkinpoliticallydynamiccontexts-2019', 'https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/perspectives-on-politics/article/beyond-the-field-ethics-after-fieldwork-in-politically-dynamic-contexts/2733AF7906407A9F5D93D0A7C844B459', event);\">\n    Beyond the Field: Ethics after Fieldwork in Politically Dynamic Contexts.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Knott, E.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  <i>Perspectives on Politics</i>, 17(1): 140–153. March 2019.\n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/perspectives-on-politics/article/beyond-the-field-ethics-after-fieldwork-in-politically-dynamic-contexts/2733AF7906407A9F5D93D0A7C844B459\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('knott-beyondthefieldethicsafterfieldworkinpoliticallydynamiccontexts-2019', 'https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/perspectives-on-politics/article/beyond-the-field-ethics-after-fieldwork-in-politically-dynamic-contexts/2733AF7906407A9F5D93D0A7C844B459', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"Beyond the Field: Ethics after Fieldwork in Politically Dynamic Contexts [link]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.org/10.1017/S1537592718002116\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('knott-beyondthefieldethicsafterfieldworkinpoliticallydynamiccontexts-2019', 'http://doi.org/10.1017/S1537592718002116', event.ctrlKey)\"\n     class=\"bibbase doi link\">\n    <span>doi</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/knott-beyondthefieldethicsafterfieldworkinpoliticallydynamiccontexts-2019\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('knott-beyondthefieldethicsafterfieldworkinpoliticallydynamiccontexts-2019')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@article{knott_beyond_2019,\n\ttitle = {Beyond the {Field}: {Ethics} after {Fieldwork} in {Politically} {Dynamic} {Contexts}},\n\tvolume = {17},\n\tissn = {1537-5927, 1541-0986},\n\tshorttitle = {Beyond the {Field}},\n\turl = {https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/perspectives-on-politics/article/beyond-the-field-ethics-after-fieldwork-in-politically-dynamic-contexts/2733AF7906407A9F5D93D0A7C844B459},\n\tdoi = {10.1017/S1537592718002116},\n\tabstract = {As researchers, when do our ethical obligations end? How should our ethical obligations respond to dynamic and unstable political contexts? Political scientists frequently work in dynamic political situations that can pose new ethical questions beyond those existing at the point of fieldwork. Yet, research ethics are often conceived in terms of a static, if not hermetically sealed, field site that remains frozen in time at the point we conduct fieldwork and collect data. I argue, first, that we need to consider more systematically how a dynamic field intersects with ethical obligations. Second, I argue that new and unexpected ethical questions can emerge after exiting the field, including responsibilities to research participants, dissemination, and publication, and returning to the field, which should be a part of how we conceive of ethical obligations.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {1},\n\turldate = {2024-08-14},\n\tjournal = {Perspectives on Politics},\n\tauthor = {Knott, Eleanor},\n\tmonth = mar,\n\tyear = {2019},\n\tpages = {140--153},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  As researchers, when do our ethical obligations end? How should our ethical obligations respond to dynamic and unstable political contexts? Political scientists frequently work in dynamic political situations that can pose new ethical questions beyond those existing at the point of fieldwork. Yet, research ethics are often conceived in terms of a static, if not hermetically sealed, field site that remains frozen in time at the point we conduct fieldwork and collect data. I argue, first, that we need to consider more systematically how a dynamic field intersects with ethical obligations. Second, I argue that new and unexpected ethical questions can emerge after exiting the field, including responsibilities to research participants, dissemination, and publication, and returning to the field, which should be a part of how we conceive of ethical obligations.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"hiley-bohman-shusterman-theinterpretiveturnphilosophyscienceculture-2019\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.7591/9781501735028/html?lang=en\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'hiley-bohman-shusterman-theinterpretiveturnphilosophyscienceculture-2019', 'https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.7591/9781501735028/html?lang=en', event);\">\n    The Interpretive Turn: Philosophy, Science, Culture.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Hiley, D.; Bohman, J.;  and Shusterman, R.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  Cornell University Press, Ithaca, NY, April 2019.\n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.7591/9781501735028/html?lang=en\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('hiley-bohman-shusterman-theinterpretiveturnphilosophyscienceculture-2019', 'https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.7591/9781501735028/html?lang=en', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"The Interpretive Turn: Philosophy, Science, Culture [link]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.org/10.7591/9781501735028\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('hiley-bohman-shusterman-theinterpretiveturnphilosophyscienceculture-2019', 'http://doi.org/10.7591/9781501735028', event.ctrlKey)\"\n     class=\"bibbase doi link\">\n    <span>doi</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/hiley-bohman-shusterman-theinterpretiveturnphilosophyscienceculture-2019\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('hiley-bohman-shusterman-theinterpretiveturnphilosophyscienceculture-2019')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@book{hiley_interpretive_2019,\n\taddress = {Ithaca, NY},\n\ttitle = {The {Interpretive} {Turn}: {Philosophy}, {Science}, {Culture}},\n\tcopyright = {De Gruyter expressly reserves the right to use all content for commercial text and data mining within the meaning of Section 44b of the German Copyright Act.},\n\tisbn = {978-1-5017-3502-8},\n\tshorttitle = {The {Interpretive} {Turn}},\n\turl = {https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.7591/9781501735028/html?lang=en},\n\tabstract = {This wide-ranging and provocative book responds to a debate that is radically changing the relationships between the humanities, social sciences, and natural sciences. Many now agree that foundationalism in philosophy and positivism in science have been overturned, and that philosophy, having found that its &quot;linguistic turn&quot; led to a dead end, must now take an &quot;interpretive turn.&quot; In philosophy, the sciences, and such diverse fields as anthropology, law, and social history, the turn to interpretation has challenged many fundamental assumptions, forcing scholars to contest the status of knowledge claims. Are interpretations true? Is interpretation universal? How can interpretive claims be justified rationally? Fifteen new essays representing both preeminent thinkers in these debates and notable younger scholars here explore such questions. Individual essays address aspects of the relationship between the human and the natural sciences, epistemological and normative issues in interpretation, and key topics in a variety of disciplines.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\turldate = {2024-08-13},\n\tpublisher = {Cornell University Press},\n\tauthor = {Hiley, David and Bohman, James and Shusterman, Richard},\n\tmonth = apr,\n\tyear = {2019},\n\tdoi = {10.7591/9781501735028},\n\tkeywords = {General Science, Philosophy},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  This wide-ranging and provocative book responds to a debate that is radically changing the relationships between the humanities, social sciences, and natural sciences. Many now agree that foundationalism in philosophy and positivism in science have been overturned, and that philosophy, having found that its \"linguistic turn\" led to a dead end, must now take an \"interpretive turn.\" In philosophy, the sciences, and such diverse fields as anthropology, law, and social history, the turn to interpretation has challenged many fundamental assumptions, forcing scholars to contest the status of knowledge claims. Are interpretations true? Is interpretation universal? How can interpretive claims be justified rationally? Fifteen new essays representing both preeminent thinkers in these debates and notable younger scholars here explore such questions. Individual essays address aspects of the relationship between the human and the natural sciences, epistemological and normative issues in interpretation, and key topics in a variety of disciplines.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"beach-pederson-choosinganappropriateresearchstrategy-2019\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"https://www.bloomsbury.com/us/analyzing-foreign-policy-9781352008067/\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'beach-pederson-choosinganappropriateresearchstrategy-2019', 'https://www.bloomsbury.com/us/analyzing-foreign-policy-9781352008067/', event);\">\n    Choosing an Appropriate Research Strategy.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Beach, D.;  and Pederson, R. B.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  In Beach, D., editor(s), <i>Analyzing foreign policy</i>, pages 35–66. Bloomsbury Publishing, London, UK, 2 edition,  2019.\n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"https://www.bloomsbury.com/us/analyzing-foreign-policy-9781352008067/\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('beach-pederson-choosinganappropriateresearchstrategy-2019', 'https://www.bloomsbury.com/us/analyzing-foreign-policy-9781352008067/', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"Choosing an Appropriate Research Strategy [link]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/beach-pederson-choosinganappropriateresearchstrategy-2019\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('beach-pederson-choosinganappropriateresearchstrategy-2019')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@incollection{beach_choosing_2019,\n\taddress = {London, UK},\n\tedition = {2},\n\ttitle = {Choosing an {Appropriate} {Research} {Strategy}},\n\tisbn = {978-1-352-00806-7},\n\turl = {https://www.bloomsbury.com/us/analyzing-foreign-policy-9781352008067/},\n\tbooktitle = {Analyzing foreign policy},\n\tpublisher = {Bloomsbury Publishing},\n\tauthor = {Beach, Derek and Pederson, Rasmus Brun},\n\teditor = {Beach, Derek},\n\tyear = {2019},\n\tpages = {35--66},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"wiebe-juststoriesorjuststoriesmixedmediastorytellingasaprismforenvironmentaljusticeanddecolonialfutures-2019\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"https://esj.usask.ca/index.php/esj/article/view/68333\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'wiebe-juststoriesorjuststoriesmixedmediastorytellingasaprismforenvironmentaljusticeanddecolonialfutures-2019', 'https://esj.usask.ca/index.php/esj/article/view/68333', event);\">\n    “Just” Stories or “Just Stories”?: Mixed Media Storytelling as a Prism for Environmental Justice and Decolonial Futures.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Wiebe, S. M.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  <i>Engaged Scholar Journal: Community-Engaged Research, Teaching, and Learning</i>, 5(2): 19–35. June 2019.\n  <span class=\"note\">Section: Essays</span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"https://esj.usask.ca/index.php/esj/article/view/68333\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('wiebe-juststoriesorjuststoriesmixedmediastorytellingasaprismforenvironmentaljusticeanddecolonialfutures-2019', 'https://esj.usask.ca/index.php/esj/article/view/68333', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"“Just” Stories or “Just Stories”?: Mixed Media Storytelling as a Prism for Environmental Justice and Decolonial Futures [link]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.org/10.15402/esj.v5i2.68333\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('wiebe-juststoriesorjuststoriesmixedmediastorytellingasaprismforenvironmentaljusticeanddecolonialfutures-2019', 'http://doi.org/10.15402/esj.v5i2.68333', event.ctrlKey)\"\n     class=\"bibbase doi link\">\n    <span>doi</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/wiebe-juststoriesorjuststoriesmixedmediastorytellingasaprismforenvironmentaljusticeanddecolonialfutures-2019\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('wiebe-juststoriesorjuststoriesmixedmediastorytellingasaprismforenvironmentaljusticeanddecolonialfutures-2019')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@article{wiebe_just_2019,\n\ttitle = {“{Just}” {Stories} or “{Just} {Stories}”?: {Mixed} {Media} {Storytelling} as a {Prism} for {Environmental} {Justice} and {Decolonial} {Futures}},\n\tvolume = {5},\n\turl = {https://esj.usask.ca/index.php/esj/article/view/68333},\n\tdoi = {10.15402/esj.v5i2.68333},\n\tabstract = {\\&amp;lt;p\\&amp;gt;Our lives and the lives of those we study are full of stories. Stories are never mere stories. Qualitative researchers who document, hear, and listen to participant lived-experiences encounter and witness the intimate spaces of people’s everyday lives. Researchers thus find themselves in the position of translator between diverse communities: those affected by policies, the academy and public officials. For academic-activists committed to listening to situated stories in order to improve public policy, several critical questions emerge: How do we do justice to these stories? What are the ethics of engagement involved in telling stories about those who share their knowledges and lived-experiences with us? Can storytelling bridge positivist and post-positivist research methods? Do policymakers listen to stories? How? What can researchers learn from Indigenous storytelling methods to envision decolonial, sustainable futures? To respond to these critical questions, this paper draws from literature in community-engaged research, critical policy studies, interpretive research methods, Indigenous research methods, political ethnography, visual methods and social justice research to argue that stories arenever simply or just stories, but in fact have the potential to be radical tools of change for social and environmental justice. As will be discussed with reference to three mixed media storytelling projects that involved the co-creation of digital stories with Indigenous communities in Canada, stories can intervene on dominant narratives, create space for counternarratives and in doing so challenge the settler-colonial status quo in pursuit of decolonial futures.\\&amp;lt;/p\\&amp;gt;},\n\tnumber = {2},\n\turldate = {2024-08-12},\n\tjournal = {Engaged Scholar Journal: Community-Engaged Research, Teaching, and Learning},\n\tauthor = {Wiebe, Sarah Marie},\n\tmonth = jun,\n\tyear = {2019},\n\tnote = {Section: Essays},\n\tpages = {19--35},\n}\n\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  &lt;p&gt;Our lives and the lives of those we study are full of stories. Stories are never mere stories. Qualitative researchers who document, hear, and listen to participant lived-experiences encounter and witness the intimate spaces of people’s everyday lives. Researchers thus find themselves in the position of translator between diverse communities: those affected by policies, the academy and public officials. For academic-activists committed to listening to situated stories in order to improve public policy, several critical questions emerge: How do we do justice to these stories? What are the ethics of engagement involved in telling stories about those who share their knowledges and lived-experiences with us? Can storytelling bridge positivist and post-positivist research methods? Do policymakers listen to stories? How? What can researchers learn from Indigenous storytelling methods to envision decolonial, sustainable futures? To respond to these critical questions, this paper draws from literature in community-engaged research, critical policy studies, interpretive research methods, Indigenous research methods, political ethnography, visual methods and social justice research to argue that stories arenever simply or just stories, but in fact have the potential to be radical tools of change for social and environmental justice. As will be discussed with reference to three mixed media storytelling projects that involved the co-creation of digital stories with Indigenous communities in Canada, stories can intervene on dominant narratives, create space for counternarratives and in doing so challenge the settler-colonial status quo in pursuit of decolonial futures.&lt;/p&gt;\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"wiebe-sensingpolicyengagingaffectedcommunitiesattheintersectionsofenvironmentaljusticeanddecolonialfutures-2019\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1080/21565503.2019.1629315\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'wiebe-sensingpolicyengagingaffectedcommunitiesattheintersectionsofenvironmentaljusticeanddecolonialfutures-2019', 'https://doi.org/10.1080/21565503.2019.1629315', event);\">\n    Sensing policy: engaging affected communities at the intersections of environmental justice and decolonial futures.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Wiebe, S. M.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  <i>Politics, Groups, and Identities</i>, 8(1): 181–193.  2019.\n  <span class=\"note\">Publisher: Routledge _eprint: https://doi.org/10.1080/21565503.2019.1629315</span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1080/21565503.2019.1629315\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('wiebe-sensingpolicyengagingaffectedcommunitiesattheintersectionsofenvironmentaljusticeanddecolonialfutures-2019', 'https://doi.org/10.1080/21565503.2019.1629315', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"Sensing policy: engaging affected communities at the intersections of environmental justice and decolonial futures [link]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.org/10.1080/21565503.2019.1629315\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('wiebe-sensingpolicyengagingaffectedcommunitiesattheintersectionsofenvironmentaljusticeanddecolonialfutures-2019', 'http://doi.org/10.1080/21565503.2019.1629315', event.ctrlKey)\"\n     class=\"bibbase doi link\">\n    <span>doi</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/wiebe-sensingpolicyengagingaffectedcommunitiesattheintersectionsofenvironmentaljusticeanddecolonialfutures-2019\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('wiebe-sensingpolicyengagingaffectedcommunitiesattheintersectionsofenvironmentaljusticeanddecolonialfutures-2019')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@article{wiebe_sensing_2019,\n\ttitle = {Sensing policy: engaging affected communities at the intersections of environmental justice and decolonial futures},\n\tvolume = {8},\n\tissn = {2156-5503},\n\tshorttitle = {Sensing policy},\n\turl = {https://doi.org/10.1080/21565503.2019.1629315},\n\tdoi = {10.1080/21565503.2019.1629315},\n\tabstract = {Pushing back against an extractive approach to research to center relationships, this paper draws from ethnographic sensibilities and community vignettes to discuss what academic-activists and political scientists can learn from communities’ situated bodies of knowledge. Tensions emerge when those most directly affected by public policy decisions are excluded from the decision-making process. Consultation leaves many encountering a paradox: their lived experiences are discredited even when they are invited to participate. This paper offers an imaginative approach to the design of participatory policy processes and asks: how can decision-makers meaningfully engage affected parties in pursuit of environmentally just policy creation? In response, this paper argues that bodies generally, and guts specifically, are political. To do so, I flesh out how a sensing policy approach to public engagement and socially engaged research can assist those crafting policies – including, laws, programs and service-delivery – to address contentious multilayered environmental justice issues. These include concerns for more-than-human life. Reflecting on experiences of community-engagement with Indigenous communities in Canada and Hawaiʻi, sensing policy builds from interpretive methods and intersectionality-based policy analysis to inform and potentially improve decision-making processes by taking seriously the experiences, knowledges and voices of those most affected by the government (in)decisions.},\n\tnumber = {1},\n\turldate = {2024-08-12},\n\tjournal = {Politics, Groups, and Identities},\n\tauthor = {Wiebe, Sarah Marie},\n\tyear = {2019},\n\tnote = {Publisher: Routledge\n\\_eprint: https://doi.org/10.1080/21565503.2019.1629315},\n\tkeywords = {Sensing policy, affect, decolonial futures, environmental justice, guts, political ethnography, socially engaged research},\n\tpages = {181--193},\n}\n\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  Pushing back against an extractive approach to research to center relationships, this paper draws from ethnographic sensibilities and community vignettes to discuss what academic-activists and political scientists can learn from communities’ situated bodies of knowledge. Tensions emerge when those most directly affected by public policy decisions are excluded from the decision-making process. Consultation leaves many encountering a paradox: their lived experiences are discredited even when they are invited to participate. This paper offers an imaginative approach to the design of participatory policy processes and asks: how can decision-makers meaningfully engage affected parties in pursuit of environmentally just policy creation? In response, this paper argues that bodies generally, and guts specifically, are political. To do so, I flesh out how a sensing policy approach to public engagement and socially engaged research can assist those crafting policies – including, laws, programs and service-delivery – to address contentious multilayered environmental justice issues. These include concerns for more-than-human life. Reflecting on experiences of community-engagement with Indigenous communities in Canada and Hawaiʻi, sensing policy builds from interpretive methods and intersectionality-based policy analysis to inform and potentially improve decision-making processes by taking seriously the experiences, knowledges and voices of those most affected by the government (in)decisions.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"wells-narrativeandelucidatingtheconceptofdemocracythecaseofmyanmarsactivistsanddemocraticleaders-2019\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13510347.2018.1509850\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'wells-narrativeandelucidatingtheconceptofdemocracythecaseofmyanmarsactivistsanddemocraticleaders-2019', 'https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13510347.2018.1509850', event);\">\n    Narrative and elucidating the concept of democracy: the case of Myanmar’s activists and democratic leaders.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Wells, T.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  <i>Democratization</i>, 26(2): 190–207. February 2019.\n  <span class=\"note\">Publisher: Routledge</span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13510347.2018.1509850\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('wells-narrativeandelucidatingtheconceptofdemocracythecaseofmyanmarsactivistsanddemocraticleaders-2019', 'https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13510347.2018.1509850', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"Narrative and elucidating the concept of democracy: the case of Myanmar’s activists and democratic leaders [link]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.org/10.1080/13510347.2018.1509850\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('wells-narrativeandelucidatingtheconceptofdemocracythecaseofmyanmarsactivistsanddemocraticleaders-2019', 'http://doi.org/10.1080/13510347.2018.1509850', event.ctrlKey)\"\n     class=\"bibbase doi link\">\n    <span>doi</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/wells-narrativeandelucidatingtheconceptofdemocracythecaseofmyanmarsactivistsanddemocraticleaders-2019\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('wells-narrativeandelucidatingtheconceptofdemocracythecaseofmyanmarsactivistsanddemocraticleaders-2019')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@article{wells_narrative_2019,\n\ttitle = {Narrative and elucidating the concept of democracy: the case of {Myanmar}’s activists and democratic leaders},\n\tvolume = {26},\n\tissn = {1351-0347},\n\tshorttitle = {Narrative and elucidating the concept of democracy},\n\turl = {https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13510347.2018.1509850},\n\tdoi = {10.1080/13510347.2018.1509850},\n\tnumber = {2},\n\turldate = {2024-08-12},\n\tjournal = {Democratization},\n\tauthor = {Wells, Tamas},\n\tmonth = feb,\n\tyear = {2019},\n\tnote = {Publisher: Routledge},\n\tkeywords = {Burma, Myanmar, Narrative, democracy, interpretivism, meaning},\n\tpages = {190--207},\n}\n\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"wedeen-authoritarianapprehensionsideologyjudgmentandmourninginsyria-2019\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"https://press.uchicago.edu/ucp/books/book/chicago/A/bo41676402.html\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'wedeen-authoritarianapprehensionsideologyjudgmentandmourninginsyria-2019', 'https://press.uchicago.edu/ucp/books/book/chicago/A/bo41676402.html', event);\">\n    Authoritarian Apprehensions: Ideology, Judgment, and Mourning in Syria.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Wedeen, L.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n   of Chicago Studies in Practices of MeaningUniversity of Chicago Press, Chicago, IL, September 2019.\n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"https://press.uchicago.edu/ucp/books/book/chicago/A/bo41676402.html\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('wedeen-authoritarianapprehensionsideologyjudgmentandmourninginsyria-2019', 'https://press.uchicago.edu/ucp/books/book/chicago/A/bo41676402.html', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"Authoritarian Apprehensions: Ideology, Judgment, and Mourning in Syria [link]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/wedeen-authoritarianapprehensionsideologyjudgmentandmourninginsyria-2019\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('wedeen-authoritarianapprehensionsideologyjudgmentandmourninginsyria-2019')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@book{wedeen_authoritarian_2019,\n\taddress = {Chicago, IL},\n\tseries = {Chicago {Studies} in {Practices} of {Meaning}},\n\ttitle = {Authoritarian {Apprehensions}: {Ideology}, {Judgment}, and {Mourning} in {Syria}},\n\tisbn = {978-0-226-65060-9},\n\tshorttitle = {Authoritarian {Apprehensions}},\n\turl = {https://press.uchicago.edu/ucp/books/book/chicago/A/bo41676402.html},\n\tabstract = {If the Arab uprisings initially heralded the end of tyrannies and a move toward liberal democratic governments, their defeat not only marked a reversal but was of a piece with emerging forms of authoritarianism worldwide. In Authoritarian Apprehensions, Lisa Wedeen draws on her decades-long engagement with Syria to offer an erudite and compassionate analysis of this extraordinary rush of events—the revolutionary exhilaration of the initial days of unrest and then the devastating violence that shattered hopes of any quick undoing of dictatorship. Developing a fresh, insightful, and theoretically imaginative approach to both authoritarianism and conflict, Wedeen asks, What led a sizable part of the citizenry to stick by the regime through one atrocity after another? What happens to political judgment in a context of pervasive misinformation? And what might the Syrian example suggest about how authoritarian leaders exploit digital media to create uncertainty, political impasses, and fractures among their citizens?   Drawing on extensive fieldwork and a variety of Syrian artistic practices, Wedeen lays bare the ideological investments that sustain ambivalent attachments to established organizations of power and contribute to the ongoing challenge of pursuing political change. This masterful book is a testament to Wedeen’s deep engagement with some of the most troubling concerns of our political present and future.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\turldate = {2024-08-12},\n\tpublisher = {University of Chicago Press},\n\tauthor = {Wedeen, Lisa},\n\tmonth = sep,\n\tyear = {2019},\n\tkeywords = {arab, authoritarianism, autocracy, civil war, coup, death, democracy, dictator, fake news, fear, government, grief, history, ideology, internet, judgment, loss, media, middle east, misinformation, mortality, mourning, nationalism, neoliberalism, nonfiction, political science, politics, post-truth, power, protest, rebellion, regime change, religion, revolution, sentimentality, spirituality, syria, tyranny, unknown, unrest, uprising, violence},\n}\n\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  If the Arab uprisings initially heralded the end of tyrannies and a move toward liberal democratic governments, their defeat not only marked a reversal but was of a piece with emerging forms of authoritarianism worldwide. In Authoritarian Apprehensions, Lisa Wedeen draws on her decades-long engagement with Syria to offer an erudite and compassionate analysis of this extraordinary rush of events—the revolutionary exhilaration of the initial days of unrest and then the devastating violence that shattered hopes of any quick undoing of dictatorship. Developing a fresh, insightful, and theoretically imaginative approach to both authoritarianism and conflict, Wedeen asks, What led a sizable part of the citizenry to stick by the regime through one atrocity after another? What happens to political judgment in a context of pervasive misinformation? And what might the Syrian example suggest about how authoritarian leaders exploit digital media to create uncertainty, political impasses, and fractures among their citizens?   Drawing on extensive fieldwork and a variety of Syrian artistic practices, Wedeen lays bare the ideological investments that sustain ambivalent attachments to established organizations of power and contribute to the ongoing challenge of pursuing political change. This masterful book is a testament to Wedeen’s deep engagement with some of the most troubling concerns of our political present and future.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"tsoukas-philosophicalorganizationtheory-2019\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"https://global.oup.com/academic/product/philosophical-organization-theory-9780198794547?cc=us&amp;lang=en&amp;#\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'tsoukas-philosophicalorganizationtheory-2019', 'https://global.oup.com/academic/product/philosophical-organization-theory-9780198794547?cc=us&amp;lang=en&amp;#', event);\">\n    Philosophical Organization Theory.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Tsoukas, H.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  Oxford University Press, New York, NY, January 2019.\n  <span class=\"note\">Google-Books-ID: NtXxtwEACAAJ</span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"https://global.oup.com/academic/product/philosophical-organization-theory-9780198794547?cc=us&amp;lang=en&amp;#\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('tsoukas-philosophicalorganizationtheory-2019', 'https://global.oup.com/academic/product/philosophical-organization-theory-9780198794547?cc=us&amp;lang=en&amp;#', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"Philosophical Organization Theory [link]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/tsoukas-philosophicalorganizationtheory-2019\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('tsoukas-philosophicalorganizationtheory-2019')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@book{tsoukas_philosophical_2019,\n\taddress = {New York, NY},\n\ttitle = {Philosophical {Organization} {Theory}},\n\tisbn = {978-0-19-879454-7},\n\turl = {https://global.oup.com/academic/product/philosophical-organization-theory-9780198794547?cc=us&amp;lang=en&amp;#},\n\tabstract = {When it comes to the field of organization and management theory, a philosophical perspective enables us to conduct organizational research imbued with the attitude of &#x27;wonder&#x27;; it helps researchers question dominant images of thought underlying mainstream thinking, and provides fresh distinctions that enable the development of new theory. In bringing together a collection of key essays by Haridimos Tsoukas, this volume explores fundamental concepts, such as organizational routine, that have gained currency in the field, as well as revisiting traditional concepts such as change, strategy, and organization. It discusses organizational knowledge, judgment, and reflection-in-action, and, at the meta-theoretical level, suggests complex forms of theorizing that do justice to the complexity of organizations.  The conceptual attention throughout is on process and practice, underlain by performative phenomenology and an emphasis on agents&#x27; lived experience. This provides us with the language to appreciate the dynamic character of organizational behaviour, the embeddedness of action, and the complexity of organizational life. The theoretical claims presented in this volume have important implications for practice, insofar as they help retrain our attention; from seeing structures and individuals, we can now appreciate processes, experiences, and practices. A phenomenological attitude makes organization theory more open, more creative, and more reflexive, and this book will be essential reading for researchers and students in the field of organization studies.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tpublisher = {Oxford University Press},\n\tauthor = {Tsoukas, Haridimos},\n\tmonth = jan,\n\tyear = {2019},\n\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: NtXxtwEACAAJ},\n\tkeywords = {Business \\&amp; Economics / Organizational Behavior, Business \\&amp; Economics / Research \\&amp; Development},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  When it comes to the field of organization and management theory, a philosophical perspective enables us to conduct organizational research imbued with the attitude of 'wonder'; it helps researchers question dominant images of thought underlying mainstream thinking, and provides fresh distinctions that enable the development of new theory. In bringing together a collection of key essays by Haridimos Tsoukas, this volume explores fundamental concepts, such as organizational routine, that have gained currency in the field, as well as revisiting traditional concepts such as change, strategy, and organization. It discusses organizational knowledge, judgment, and reflection-in-action, and, at the meta-theoretical level, suggests complex forms of theorizing that do justice to the complexity of organizations. The conceptual attention throughout is on process and practice, underlain by performative phenomenology and an emphasis on agents' lived experience. This provides us with the language to appreciate the dynamic character of organizational behaviour, the embeddedness of action, and the complexity of organizational life. The theoretical claims presented in this volume have important implications for practice, insofar as they help retrain our attention; from seeing structures and individuals, we can now appreciate processes, experiences, and practices. A phenomenological attitude makes organization theory more open, more creative, and more reflexive, and this book will be essential reading for researchers and students in the field of organization studies.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"smith-contradictionsofdemocracyvigilantismandrightsinpostapartheidsouthafrica-2019\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"https://academic.oup.com/book/6890\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'smith-contradictionsofdemocracyvigilantismandrightsinpostapartheidsouthafrica-2019', 'https://academic.oup.com/book/6890', event);\">\n    Contradictions of Democracy: Vigilantism and Rights in Post-Apartheid South Africa.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Smith, N. R.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  Oxford University Press, New York, NY, January 2019.\n  <span class=\"note\">https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190847180.001.0001</span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"https://academic.oup.com/book/6890\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('smith-contradictionsofdemocracyvigilantismandrightsinpostapartheidsouthafrica-2019', 'https://academic.oup.com/book/6890', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"Contradictions of Democracy: Vigilantism and Rights in Post-Apartheid South Africa [link]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/smith-contradictionsofdemocracyvigilantismandrightsinpostapartheidsouthafrica-2019\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('smith-contradictionsofdemocracyvigilantismandrightsinpostapartheidsouthafrica-2019')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@book{smith_contradictions_2019,\n\taddress = {New York, NY},\n\ttitle = {Contradictions of {Democracy}: {Vigilantism} and {Rights} in {Post}-{Apartheid} {South} {Africa}},\n\tisbn = {978-0-19-084720-3},\n\tshorttitle = {Contradictions of {Democracy}},\n\turl = {https://academic.oup.com/book/6890},\n\tabstract = {Despite being one of the world&#x27;s most vibrant democracies, police estimate between five and ten percent of the murders in South Africa result from vigilante violence. This is puzzling given the country&#x27;s celebrated transition to democracy and massive reform of the state&#x27;s legal institutions. Where most studies explain vigilantism as a response to state or civic failure, in Contradictions of Democracy, Nicholas Rush Smith illustrates that vigilantism is actually a response to the processes of democratic state formation. In the context of densely networked neighborhoods, vigilante citizens often interpret the technical success of legal institutions-for instance, the arrest and subsequent release of suspects on bail-as failure and work to correct such perceived failures on their own. Smith also shows that vigilantism provides a new lens through which to understand democratic state formation. Among young men of color in some parts of South Africa, fear of extra-judicial police violence is common. Amid such fear, instead of the state seeming protective, it can appear as something akin to a massive vigilante organization. An insightful look into the high rates of vigilantism in South Africa and the general challenges of democratic state building, Contradictions of Democracy explores fundamental questions about political order, the rule of law, and democratic citizenship.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tpublisher = {Oxford University Press},\n\tauthor = {Smith, Nicholas Rush},\n\tmonth = jan,\n\tyear = {2019},\n\tnote = {https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190847180.001.0001},\n\tkeywords = {Law / General, Political Science / Comparative Politics, Political Science / Geopolitics, Social Science / Anthropology / Cultural \\&amp; Social, Social Science / Criminology, Social Science / Ethnic Studies / General},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  Despite being one of the world's most vibrant democracies, police estimate between five and ten percent of the murders in South Africa result from vigilante violence. This is puzzling given the country's celebrated transition to democracy and massive reform of the state's legal institutions. Where most studies explain vigilantism as a response to state or civic failure, in Contradictions of Democracy, Nicholas Rush Smith illustrates that vigilantism is actually a response to the processes of democratic state formation. In the context of densely networked neighborhoods, vigilante citizens often interpret the technical success of legal institutions-for instance, the arrest and subsequent release of suspects on bail-as failure and work to correct such perceived failures on their own. Smith also shows that vigilantism provides a new lens through which to understand democratic state formation. Among young men of color in some parts of South Africa, fear of extra-judicial police violence is common. Amid such fear, instead of the state seeming protective, it can appear as something akin to a massive vigilante organization. An insightful look into the high rates of vigilantism in South Africa and the general challenges of democratic state building, Contradictions of Democracy explores fundamental questions about political order, the rule of law, and democratic citizenship.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"shesterinina-ethicsempathyandfearinresearchonviolentconflict-2019\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1177/0022343318783246\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'shesterinina-ethicsempathyandfearinresearchonviolentconflict-2019', 'https://doi.org/10.1177/0022343318783246', event);\">\n    Ethics, empathy, and fear in research on violent conflict.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Shesterinina, A.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  <i>Journal of Peace Research</i>, 56(2): 190–202. March 2019.\n  <span class=\"note\">Publisher: SAGE Publications Ltd</span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1177/0022343318783246\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('shesterinina-ethicsempathyandfearinresearchonviolentconflict-2019', 'https://doi.org/10.1177/0022343318783246', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"Ethics, empathy, and fear in research on violent conflict [link]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.org/10.1177/0022343318783246\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('shesterinina-ethicsempathyandfearinresearchonviolentconflict-2019', 'http://doi.org/10.1177/0022343318783246', event.ctrlKey)\"\n     class=\"bibbase doi link\">\n    <span>doi</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/shesterinina-ethicsempathyandfearinresearchonviolentconflict-2019\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('shesterinina-ethicsempathyandfearinresearchonviolentconflict-2019')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@article{shesterinina_ethics_2019,\n\ttitle = {Ethics, empathy, and fear in research on violent conflict},\n\tvolume = {56},\n\tissn = {0022-3433},\n\turl = {https://doi.org/10.1177/0022343318783246},\n\tdoi = {10.1177/0022343318783246},\n\tabstract = {The discussion of ethics in the social sciences focuses on ‘doing no harm’ and ‘giving back’ to research participants, but does not explore the challenges of empathy and fear in research with participants in political violence and war. Drawing on 180 in-depth interviews on the Georgian–Abkhaz war of 1992–93 collected over eight months between 2010 and 2013 primarily in Abkhazia, but also Georgia and Russia, I argue that researchers can come to empathize with some but fear other participants in past and present violence. These emotional responses can influence researchers’ ability to probe and interpret interviews and respondents’ ability to surpass strong positions to explore dilemmas of participation in violence. By empathizing with not only ‘victims’ and ‘non-fighters’ as I had expected based on my pre-existing moral-conceptual categories, but also participants in the war, I found that individuals adopted multiple overlapping roles and shifted between these roles in the changing conditions of violence. In contrast, failing to empathize with and fearing those who continued to participate in violence after the war of 1992–93 limited my ability to fully appreciate the complexity of their participation, but shed light on the context of violence in contemporary Abkhazia. This analysis shows that reflection on the role of empathy and fear in shaping our interactions with research participants can help advance our understanding of participation in violence and this difficult research context.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {2},\n\turldate = {2024-08-12},\n\tjournal = {Journal of Peace Research},\n\tauthor = {Shesterinina, Anastasia},\n\tmonth = mar,\n\tyear = {2019},\n\tnote = {Publisher: SAGE Publications Ltd},\n\tpages = {190--202},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  The discussion of ethics in the social sciences focuses on ‘doing no harm’ and ‘giving back’ to research participants, but does not explore the challenges of empathy and fear in research with participants in political violence and war. Drawing on 180 in-depth interviews on the Georgian–Abkhaz war of 1992–93 collected over eight months between 2010 and 2013 primarily in Abkhazia, but also Georgia and Russia, I argue that researchers can come to empathize with some but fear other participants in past and present violence. These emotional responses can influence researchers’ ability to probe and interpret interviews and respondents’ ability to surpass strong positions to explore dilemmas of participation in violence. By empathizing with not only ‘victims’ and ‘non-fighters’ as I had expected based on my pre-existing moral-conceptual categories, but also participants in the war, I found that individuals adopted multiple overlapping roles and shifted between these roles in the changing conditions of violence. In contrast, failing to empathize with and fearing those who continued to participate in violence after the war of 1992–93 limited my ability to fully appreciate the complexity of their participation, but shed light on the context of violence in contemporary Abkhazia. This analysis shows that reflection on the role of empathy and fear in shaping our interactions with research participants can help advance our understanding of participation in violence and this difficult research context.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"awniczak-thepracticeturncontributiontosocialisationanddecisionmakinginresearchineustudies-2019\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"https://www.ceeol.com/search/article-detail?id=801375\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'awniczak-thepracticeturncontributiontosocialisationanddecisionmakinginresearchineustudies-2019', 'https://www.ceeol.com/search/article-detail?id=801375', event);\">\n    The Practice Turn Contribution to Socialisation and Decision-Making in Research in EU Studies.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Ławniczak, K.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  <i>Online Journal Modelling the New Europe</i>, (30): 4–22.  2019.\n  <span class=\"note\">Publisher: Facultatea de Studii Europene -Universitatea Babeş-Bolyai</span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"https://www.ceeol.com/search/article-detail?id=801375\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('awniczak-thepracticeturncontributiontosocialisationanddecisionmakinginresearchineustudies-2019', 'https://www.ceeol.com/search/article-detail?id=801375', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"The Practice Turn Contribution to Socialisation and Decision-Making in Research in EU Studies. [link]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/awniczak-thepracticeturncontributiontosocialisationanddecisionmakinginresearchineustudies-2019\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('awniczak-thepracticeturncontributiontosocialisationanddecisionmakinginresearchineustudies-2019')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@article{lawniczak_practice_2019,\n\ttitle = {The {Practice} {Turn} {Contribution} to {Socialisation} and {Decision}-{Making} in {Research} in {EU} {Studies}.},\n\tissn = {2247-0514, 2247-0514},\n\turl = {https://www.ceeol.com/search/article-detail?id=801375},\n\tabstract = {“Practice turn” can potentially influence both the theory and methods applied in EU studies. This paper attempts to grasp the most important features of this approach, as they could prove relevant to the study of decision-making at the European level. The point of departure is a research project on the role of socialisation mechanisms in the Council of the European Union, which was rooted in constructivism and used process tracing type case studies as its main method. The paper explores the principles and promises of practice turn and, more generally, of interpretive social science. It describes methods and practical considerations of tracing practices and studying the understandings they contain. Showing the limitations of a more conventional approach to issues such as supranational socialisation and decision-making, the paper argues for practice-oriented research by describing the opportunities and advantages it offers.},\n\tlanguage = {English},\n\tnumber = {30},\n\turldate = {2024-08-12},\n\tjournal = {Online Journal Modelling the New Europe},\n\tauthor = {Ławniczak, Kamil},\n\tyear = {2019},\n\tnote = {Publisher: Facultatea de Studii Europene -Universitatea Babeş-Bolyai},\n\tkeywords = {constructivism, interpretive methodology, interpretive methods, meaning-making, social practices},\n\tpages = {4--22},\n}\n\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  “Practice turn” can potentially influence both the theory and methods applied in EU studies. This paper attempts to grasp the most important features of this approach, as they could prove relevant to the study of decision-making at the European level. The point of departure is a research project on the role of socialisation mechanisms in the Council of the European Union, which was rooted in constructivism and used process tracing type case studies as its main method. The paper explores the principles and promises of practice turn and, more generally, of interpretive social science. It describes methods and practical considerations of tracing practices and studying the understandings they contain. Showing the limitations of a more conventional approach to issues such as supranational socialisation and decision-making, the paper argues for practice-oriented research by describing the opportunities and advantages it offers.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"heinelt-challengestopoliticaldecisionmakingdealingwithinformationoverloadignoranceandcontestedknowledge-2019\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  Challenges to Political Decision-making: Dealing with Information Overload, Ignorance and Contested Knowledge.\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Heinelt, H.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  Routledge, London, UK, May 2019.\n  <span class=\"note\">Google-Books-ID: F7uZDwAAQBAJ</span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/heinelt-challengestopoliticaldecisionmakingdealingwithinformationoverloadignoranceandcontestedknowledge-2019\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('heinelt-challengestopoliticaldecisionmakingdealingwithinformationoverloadignoranceandcontestedknowledge-2019')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@book{heinelt_challenges_2019,\n\taddress = {London, UK},\n\ttitle = {Challenges to {Political} {Decision}-making: {Dealing} with {Information} {Overload}, {Ignorance} and {Contested} {Knowledge}},\n\tisbn = {978-0-429-67480-8},\n\tshorttitle = {Challenges to {Political} {Decision}-making},\n\tabstract = {This book analyses the ability of individuals to create meaning through communicative interaction and of what seems to constrain and enable actors in taking collectively binding political decisions. The book examines why, in some contexts, individuals consider something as evident and relevant for their action while others perceive them as nonsense or simply as ‘fake news’. As such, the book follows a research perspective based on a concept emphasizing that the core function of knowledge is related to the selection and integration of data and other information which give them substance. Taking an interpretive political science perspective to knowledge, the book overcomes particular deficiencies of policy learning concepts where the development of an understanding of ‘reality’ is thematized in a way that supposedly decrypts everyday processes through which individuals understand ‘reality’ and (re)orient their actions to intersubjective processes. To better understand these intersubjective processes, communicative mechanisms are worked through where knowledge claims are selected and integrated. This book will be of key interest to scholars and students of political science and policy analysis and more broadly, to sociology and social theory, geography, planning, philosophy, communication studies, and governance studies.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tpublisher = {Routledge},\n\tauthor = {Heinelt, Hubert},\n\tmonth = may,\n\tyear = {2019},\n\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: F7uZDwAAQBAJ},\n\tkeywords = {Philosophy / Political, Political Science / American Government / General, Political Science / Essays, Political Science / General, Political Science / History \\&amp; Theory, Social Science / Human Geography, Social Science / Media Studies, Social Science / Sociology / General, Social Science / Sociology / Urban},\n}\n\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  This book analyses the ability of individuals to create meaning through communicative interaction and of what seems to constrain and enable actors in taking collectively binding political decisions. The book examines why, in some contexts, individuals consider something as evident and relevant for their action while others perceive them as nonsense or simply as ‘fake news’. As such, the book follows a research perspective based on a concept emphasizing that the core function of knowledge is related to the selection and integration of data and other information which give them substance. Taking an interpretive political science perspective to knowledge, the book overcomes particular deficiencies of policy learning concepts where the development of an understanding of ‘reality’ is thematized in a way that supposedly decrypts everyday processes through which individuals understand ‘reality’ and (re)orient their actions to intersubjective processes. To better understand these intersubjective processes, communicative mechanisms are worked through where knowledge claims are selected and integrated. This book will be of key interest to scholars and students of political science and policy analysis and more broadly, to sociology and social theory, geography, planning, philosophy, communication studies, and governance studies.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"geddes-dramasatwestminsterselectcommitteesandthequestforaccountability-2019\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.7765/9781526136817/html?lang=en\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'geddes-dramasatwestminsterselectcommitteesandthequestforaccountability-2019', 'https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.7765/9781526136817/html?lang=en', event);\">\n    Dramas at Westminster: Select committees and the quest for accountability.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Geddes, M.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  Manchester University Press, Manchester, UK, December 2019.\n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.7765/9781526136817/html?lang=en\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('geddes-dramasatwestminsterselectcommitteesandthequestforaccountability-2019', 'https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.7765/9781526136817/html?lang=en', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"Dramas at Westminster: Select committees and the quest for accountability [link]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.org/10.7765/9781526136817\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('geddes-dramasatwestminsterselectcommitteesandthequestforaccountability-2019', 'http://doi.org/10.7765/9781526136817', event.ctrlKey)\"\n     class=\"bibbase doi link\">\n    <span>doi</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/geddes-dramasatwestminsterselectcommitteesandthequestforaccountability-2019\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('geddes-dramasatwestminsterselectcommitteesandthequestforaccountability-2019')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@book{geddes_dramas_2019,\n\taddress = {Manchester, UK},\n\ttitle = {Dramas at {Westminster}: {Select} committees and the quest for accountability},\n\tcopyright = {De Gruyter expressly reserves the right to use all content for commercial text and data mining within the meaning of Section 44b of the German Copyright Act.},\n\tisbn = {978-1-5261-3681-7},\n\tshorttitle = {Dramas at {Westminster}},\n\turl = {https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.7765/9781526136817/html?lang=en},\n\tabstract = {This is a book that provokes a debate about accountability in the House of Commons. Based on unprecedented access, it reveals different ways that MPs and officials interpret scrutiny. Some of their approaches are more conducive to effective scrutiny than others, which raises interesting questions about the effectiveness of Parliament.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\turldate = {2024-08-11},\n\tpublisher = {Manchester University Press},\n\tauthor = {Geddes, Marc},\n\tmonth = dec,\n\tyear = {2019},\n\tdoi = {10.7765/9781526136817},\n\tkeywords = {British politics, House of Commons, Parliament, accountability, committees, interpretive political science, scrutiny},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  This is a book that provokes a debate about accountability in the House of Commons. Based on unprecedented access, it reveals different ways that MPs and officials interpret scrutiny. Some of their approaches are more conducive to effective scrutiny than others, which raises interesting questions about the effectiveness of Parliament.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"dommett-pearce-whatdoweknowaboutpublicattitudestowardsexpertsreviewingsurveydataintheunitedkingdomandeuropeanunion-2019\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1177/0963662519852038\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'dommett-pearce-whatdoweknowaboutpublicattitudestowardsexpertsreviewingsurveydataintheunitedkingdomandeuropeanunion-2019', 'https://doi.org/10.1177/0963662519852038', event);\">\n    What do we know about public attitudes towards experts? Reviewing survey data in the United Kingdom and European Union.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Dommett, K.;  and Pearce, W.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  <i>Public Understanding of Science</i>, 28(6): 669–678. August 2019.\n  <span class=\"note\">Publisher: SAGE Publications Ltd</span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1177/0963662519852038\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('dommett-pearce-whatdoweknowaboutpublicattitudestowardsexpertsreviewingsurveydataintheunitedkingdomandeuropeanunion-2019', 'https://doi.org/10.1177/0963662519852038', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"What do we know about public attitudes towards experts? Reviewing survey data in the United Kingdom and European Union [link]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.org/10.1177/0963662519852038\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('dommett-pearce-whatdoweknowaboutpublicattitudestowardsexpertsreviewingsurveydataintheunitedkingdomandeuropeanunion-2019', 'http://doi.org/10.1177/0963662519852038', event.ctrlKey)\"\n     class=\"bibbase doi link\">\n    <span>doi</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/dommett-pearce-whatdoweknowaboutpublicattitudestowardsexpertsreviewingsurveydataintheunitedkingdomandeuropeanunion-2019\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('dommett-pearce-whatdoweknowaboutpublicattitudestowardsexpertsreviewingsurveydataintheunitedkingdomandeuropeanunion-2019')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@article{dommett_what_2019,\n\ttitle = {What do we know about public attitudes towards experts? {Reviewing} survey data in the {United} {Kingdom} and {European} {Union}},\n\tvolume = {28},\n\tissn = {0963-6625},\n\tshorttitle = {What do we know about public attitudes towards experts?},\n\turl = {https://doi.org/10.1177/0963662519852038},\n\tdoi = {10.1177/0963662519852038},\n\tabstract = {Recent developments in contemporary politics have cast doubt on the status of expertise and led to the oft-repeated claim that the public have had enough of experts. In response, we review existing survey measures on experts and expertise in the European Union and United Kingdom with three main findings. First, there is insufficient survey data available to strongly support any claims regarding public attitudes to experts. Second, the evidence that does exist suggests broadly positive public attitudes towards experts, rather than the somewhat bleak commentary associated with descriptions of a ‘post-truth’ era. Third, there is scope for survey questions to provide improved macro-level descriptions of some of the attributes and expectations associated with experts, and that concepts from the academic literature can provide structure for such questions. Survey data has the potential to complement more granular, qualitative approaches as part of an interpretive social science approach.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {6},\n\turldate = {2024-08-11},\n\tjournal = {Public Understanding of Science},\n\tauthor = {Dommett, Katharine and Pearce, Warren},\n\tmonth = aug,\n\tyear = {2019},\n\tnote = {Publisher: SAGE Publications Ltd},\n\tpages = {669--678},\n}\n\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  Recent developments in contemporary politics have cast doubt on the status of expertise and led to the oft-repeated claim that the public have had enough of experts. In response, we review existing survey measures on experts and expertise in the European Union and United Kingdom with three main findings. First, there is insufficient survey data available to strongly support any claims regarding public attitudes to experts. Second, the evidence that does exist suggests broadly positive public attitudes towards experts, rather than the somewhat bleak commentary associated with descriptions of a ‘post-truth’ era. Third, there is scope for survey questions to provide improved macro-level descriptions of some of the attributes and expectations associated with experts, and that concepts from the academic literature can provide structure for such questions. Survey data has the potential to complement more granular, qualitative approaches as part of an interpretive social science approach.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"boswell-corbett-dommett-jennings-flinders-rhodes-wood-stateofthefieldwhatcanpoliticalethnographytellusaboutantipoliticsanddemocraticdisaffection-2019\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/1475-6765.12270\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'boswell-corbett-dommett-jennings-flinders-rhodes-wood-stateofthefieldwhatcanpoliticalethnographytellusaboutantipoliticsanddemocraticdisaffection-2019', 'https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/1475-6765.12270', event);\">\n    State of the field: What can political ethnography tell us about anti-politics and democratic disaffection?.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Boswell, J.; Corbett, J.; Dommett, K.; Jennings, W.; Flinders, M.; Rhodes, R.;  and Wood, M.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  <i>European Journal of Political Research</i>, 58(1): 56–71.  2019.\n  <span class=\"note\">_eprint: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/1475-6765.12270</span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/1475-6765.12270\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('boswell-corbett-dommett-jennings-flinders-rhodes-wood-stateofthefieldwhatcanpoliticalethnographytellusaboutantipoliticsanddemocraticdisaffection-2019', 'https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/1475-6765.12270', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"State of the field: What can political ethnography tell us about anti-politics and democratic disaffection? [link]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.org/10.1111/1475-6765.12270\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('boswell-corbett-dommett-jennings-flinders-rhodes-wood-stateofthefieldwhatcanpoliticalethnographytellusaboutantipoliticsanddemocraticdisaffection-2019', 'http://doi.org/10.1111/1475-6765.12270', event.ctrlKey)\"\n     class=\"bibbase doi link\">\n    <span>doi</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/boswell-corbett-dommett-jennings-flinders-rhodes-wood-stateofthefieldwhatcanpoliticalethnographytellusaboutantipoliticsanddemocraticdisaffection-2019\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('boswell-corbett-dommett-jennings-flinders-rhodes-wood-stateofthefieldwhatcanpoliticalethnographytellusaboutantipoliticsanddemocraticdisaffection-2019')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@article{boswell_state_2019,\n\ttitle = {State of the field: {What} can political ethnography tell us about anti-politics and democratic disaffection?},\n\tvolume = {58},\n\tcopyright = {© 2018 European Consortium for Political Research},\n\tissn = {1475-6765},\n\tshorttitle = {State of the field},\n\turl = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/1475-6765.12270},\n\tdoi = {10.1111/1475-6765.12270},\n\tabstract = {This article adopts and reinvents the ethnographic approach to uncover what governing elites do, and how they respond to public disaffection. Although there is significant work on the citizens’ attitudes to the governing elite (the demand side) there is little work on how elites interpret and respond to public disaffection (the supply side). It is argued here that ethnography is the best available research method for collecting data on the supply side. The article tackles longstanding stereotypes in political science about the ethnographic method and what it is good for, and highlights how the innovative and varied practices of contemporary ethnography are ideally suited to shedding light into the ‘black box’ of elite politics. The potential pay-off is demonstrated with reference to important examples of elite ethnography from the margins of political science scholarship. The implications from these rich studies suggest a reorientation of how one understands the drivers of public disaffection and the role that political elites play in exacerbating cynicism and disappointment. The article concludes by pointing to the benefits to the discipline in embracing elite ethnography both to diversify the methodological toolkit in explaining the complex dynamics of disaffection, and to better enable engagement in renewed public debate about the political establishment.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {1},\n\turldate = {2024-08-11},\n\tjournal = {European Journal of Political Research},\n\tauthor = {Boswell, John and Corbett, Jack and Dommett, Kate and Jennings, Will and Flinders, Matthew and Rhodes, R.a.w. and Wood, Matthew},\n\tyear = {2019},\n\tnote = {\\_eprint: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/1475-6765.12270},\n\tkeywords = {democratic governance, disaffection, elites, ethnography},\n\tpages = {56--71},\n}\n\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  This article adopts and reinvents the ethnographic approach to uncover what governing elites do, and how they respond to public disaffection. Although there is significant work on the citizens’ attitudes to the governing elite (the demand side) there is little work on how elites interpret and respond to public disaffection (the supply side). It is argued here that ethnography is the best available research method for collecting data on the supply side. The article tackles longstanding stereotypes in political science about the ethnographic method and what it is good for, and highlights how the innovative and varied practices of contemporary ethnography are ideally suited to shedding light into the ‘black box’ of elite politics. The potential pay-off is demonstrated with reference to important examples of elite ethnography from the margins of political science scholarship. The implications from these rich studies suggest a reorientation of how one understands the drivers of public disaffection and the role that political elites play in exacerbating cynicism and disappointment. The article concludes by pointing to the benefits to the discipline in embracing elite ethnography both to diversify the methodological toolkit in explaining the complex dynamics of disaffection, and to better enable engagement in renewed public debate about the political establishment.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"behl-genderedcitizenshipunderstandinggenderedviolenceindemocraticindia-2019\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190949426.001.0001\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'behl-genderedcitizenshipunderstandinggenderedviolenceindemocraticindia-2019', 'https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190949426.001.0001', event);\">\n    Gendered Citizenship: Understanding Gendered Violence in Democratic India.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Behl, N.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  Oxford University Press, New York, N.Y, October 2019.\n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190949426.001.0001\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('behl-genderedcitizenshipunderstandinggenderedviolenceindemocraticindia-2019', 'https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190949426.001.0001', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"Gendered Citizenship: Understanding Gendered Violence in Democratic India [link]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190949426.001.0001\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('behl-genderedcitizenshipunderstandinggenderedviolenceindemocraticindia-2019', 'http://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190949426.001.0001', event.ctrlKey)\"\n     class=\"bibbase doi link\">\n    <span>doi</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/behl-genderedcitizenshipunderstandinggenderedviolenceindemocraticindia-2019\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('behl-genderedcitizenshipunderstandinggenderedviolenceindemocraticindia-2019')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@book{behl_gendered_2019,\n\taddress = {New York, N.Y},\n\ttitle = {Gendered {Citizenship}: {Understanding} {Gendered} {Violence} in {Democratic} {India}},\n\tisbn = {978-0-19-094942-6},\n\turl = {https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190949426.001.0001},\n\tabstract = {It has been shown time and again that even though all citizens may be accorded equal standing in the constitution of a liberal democracy, such a legal provision hardly guarantees state protections against discrimination and political exclusion. More specifically, why do we find pervasive gender-based discrimination, exclusion, and violence in India when the Indian Constitution supports an inclusive democracy committed to gender and caste equality?},\n\turldate = {2024-09-08},\n\tpublisher = {Oxford University Press},\n\tauthor = {Behl, Natasha},\n\tmonth = oct,\n\tyear = {2019},\n\tdoi = {10.1093/oso/9780190949426.001.0001},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  It has been shown time and again that even though all citizens may be accorded equal standing in the constitution of a liberal democracy, such a legal provision hardly guarantees state protections against discrimination and political exclusion. More specifically, why do we find pervasive gender-based discrimination, exclusion, and violence in India when the Indian Constitution supports an inclusive democracy committed to gender and caste equality?\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"bevir-phillips-decentringeuropeangovernance-2019\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  Decentring European Governance.\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Bevir, M.;  and Phillips, R.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  Routledge, Abingdon, Oxon, February 2019.\n  <span class=\"note\">Google-Books-ID: L8eHDwAAQBAJ</span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/bevir-phillips-decentringeuropeangovernance-2019\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('bevir-phillips-decentringeuropeangovernance-2019')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@book{bevir_decentring_2019,\n\taddress = {Abingdon, Oxon},\n\ttitle = {Decentring {European} {Governance}},\n\tisbn = {978-1-351-20953-3},\n\tabstract = {Conforming neither to the hierarchical and bureaucratic organization of the European nation-state nor the anarchical structure of international organizations, the European Union (EU) and its predecessors provide an exemplary site for developing a decentred approach to the study of governance.The book offers an analysis of the formation and transformation of the EU as an example of governance above the nation-state and is framed by the recognition that the construction of the EU has resulted in variegated and decentred forms of governance. The chapters look at distinct aspects of EU governance to bring to light the influence of elite narratives, scientific rationalities, local traditions and meaningful practices in the making and remaking of European governance. As such, each chapter offers a unique contribution to the study of the EU. In doing so, the book challenges dominant narratives of European integration and policymaking that appeal to reified rationalities and social structures, and uncovers the contingency and conflict endemic to European governance.This text will be of key interest to scholars and students of European Union politics, European politics/studies, governance and, more broadly, to public management, international organizations, anthropology and sociology.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tpublisher = {Routledge},\n\tauthor = {Bevir, Mark and Phillips, Ryan},\n\tmonth = feb,\n\tyear = {2019},\n\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: L8eHDwAAQBAJ},\n\tkeywords = {Political Science / General, Social Science / Anthropology / General, Social Science / Regional Studies, Social Science / Sociology / General},\n}\n\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  Conforming neither to the hierarchical and bureaucratic organization of the European nation-state nor the anarchical structure of international organizations, the European Union (EU) and its predecessors provide an exemplary site for developing a decentred approach to the study of governance.The book offers an analysis of the formation and transformation of the EU as an example of governance above the nation-state and is framed by the recognition that the construction of the EU has resulted in variegated and decentred forms of governance. The chapters look at distinct aspects of EU governance to bring to light the influence of elite narratives, scientific rationalities, local traditions and meaningful practices in the making and remaking of European governance. As such, each chapter offers a unique contribution to the study of the EU. In doing so, the book challenges dominant narratives of European integration and policymaking that appeal to reified rationalities and social structures, and uncovers the contingency and conflict endemic to European governance.This text will be of key interest to scholars and students of European Union politics, European politics/studies, governance and, more broadly, to public management, international organizations, anthropology and sociology.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"bevir-blakely-interpretivesocialscienceanantinaturalistapproach-2019\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"https://academic.oup.com/book/11226\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'bevir-blakely-interpretivesocialscienceanantinaturalistapproach-2019', 'https://academic.oup.com/book/11226', event);\">\n    Interpretive Social Science: An Anti-Naturalist Approach.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Bevir, M.;  and Blakely, J.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  Oxford University Press, Oxford, Reprint edition edition, February 2019.\n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"https://academic.oup.com/book/11226\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('bevir-blakely-interpretivesocialscienceanantinaturalistapproach-2019', 'https://academic.oup.com/book/11226', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"Interpretive Social Science: An Anti-Naturalist Approach [link]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/bevir-blakely-interpretivesocialscienceanantinaturalistapproach-2019\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('bevir-blakely-interpretivesocialscienceanantinaturalistapproach-2019')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@book{bevir_interpretive_2019,\n\taddress = {Oxford},\n\tedition = {Reprint edition},\n\ttitle = {Interpretive {Social} {Science}: {An} {Anti}-{Naturalist} {Approach}},\n\tisbn = {978-0-19-883295-9},\n\tshorttitle = {Interpretive {Social} {Science}},\n\turl = {https://academic.oup.com/book/11226},\n\tabstract = {In this book Mark Bevir and Jason Blakely set out to make the most comprehensive case yet for an &#x27;interpretive&#x27; or hermeneutic approach to the social sciences. Interpretive approaches are a major growth area in the social sciences today. This is because they offer a full-blown alternative to the behavioralism, institutionalism, rational choice, and other quasi-scientific approaches that dominate the study of human behavior. In addition to presenting a systematic case for interpretivism and a critique of scientism, Bevir and Blakely also propose their own uniquely &#x27;anti-naturalist &#x27;notion of an interpretive approach. This anti-naturalist framework encompasses the insights of philosophers ranging from Michel Foucault and Hans-Georg Gadamer to Charles Taylor and Ludwig Wittgenstein, while also resolving dilemmas that have plagued rival philosophical defenses of interpretivism. In addition, working social scientists are given detailed discussions of a distinctly interpretive approach to methods and empirical research. The book draws on the latest social science to cover everything from concept formation and empirical inquiry to ethics, democratic theory, and public policy. An anti-naturalist approach to interpretive social science offers nothing short of a sweeping paradigm shift in the study of human beings and society. This book will be of interest to all who seek a humanistic alternative to the scientism that overwhelms the study of human beings today.},\n\tlanguage = {English},\n\tpublisher = {Oxford University Press},\n\tauthor = {Bevir, Mark and Blakely, Jason},\n\tmonth = feb,\n\tyear = {2019},\n}\n\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  In this book Mark Bevir and Jason Blakely set out to make the most comprehensive case yet for an 'interpretive' or hermeneutic approach to the social sciences. Interpretive approaches are a major growth area in the social sciences today. This is because they offer a full-blown alternative to the behavioralism, institutionalism, rational choice, and other quasi-scientific approaches that dominate the study of human behavior. In addition to presenting a systematic case for interpretivism and a critique of scientism, Bevir and Blakely also propose their own uniquely 'anti-naturalist 'notion of an interpretive approach. This anti-naturalist framework encompasses the insights of philosophers ranging from Michel Foucault and Hans-Georg Gadamer to Charles Taylor and Ludwig Wittgenstein, while also resolving dilemmas that have plagued rival philosophical defenses of interpretivism. In addition, working social scientists are given detailed discussions of a distinctly interpretive approach to methods and empirical research. The book draws on the latest social science to cover everything from concept formation and empirical inquiry to ethics, democratic theory, and public policy. An anti-naturalist approach to interpretive social science offers nothing short of a sweeping paradigm shift in the study of human beings and society. This book will be of interest to all who seek a humanistic alternative to the scientism that overwhelms the study of human beings today.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"steele-gould-kessler-tacticalconstructivismmethodandinternationalrelations-2019\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"https://www.routledge.com/Tactical-Constructivism-Method-and-International-Relations/Steele-Gould-Kessler/p/book/9781032240817\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'steele-gould-kessler-tacticalconstructivismmethodandinternationalrelations-2019', 'https://www.routledge.com/Tactical-Constructivism-Method-and-International-Relations/Steele-Gould-Kessler/p/book/9781032240817', event);\">\n    Tactical Constructivism, Method, and International Relations.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Steele, B. J.; Gould, H. D.;  and Kessler, O.,\n  editors.\n  \n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  Routledge, New York, N.Y, 1 edition,  2019.\n  <span class=\"note\">Google-Books-ID: eziJxgEACAAJ</span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"https://www.routledge.com/Tactical-Constructivism-Method-and-International-Relations/Steele-Gould-Kessler/p/book/9781032240817\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('steele-gould-kessler-tacticalconstructivismmethodandinternationalrelations-2019', 'https://www.routledge.com/Tactical-Constructivism-Method-and-International-Relations/Steele-Gould-Kessler/p/book/9781032240817', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"Tactical Constructivism, Method, and International Relations [link]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/steele-gould-kessler-tacticalconstructivismmethodandinternationalrelations-2019\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('steele-gould-kessler-tacticalconstructivismmethodandinternationalrelations-2019')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@book{steele_tactical_2019,\n\taddress = {New York, N.Y},\n\tedition = {1},\n\ttitle = {Tactical {Constructivism}, {Method}, and {International} {Relations}},\n\tisbn = {978-1-315-10903-9},\n\turl = {https://www.routledge.com/Tactical-Constructivism-Method-and-International-Relations/Steele-Gould-Kessler/p/book/9781032240817},\n\tabstract = {&quot;This volume draws together accessible and sharp essays from established and rising stars in the fieldreflecting upon their use of methods, and how those methods relate to their training within, or familiarity with, Constructivism in International Relations. Contributors express the role of interpretive methods in their own work and what this might say about todays uses of Constructivism. How might a consistent Constructivism influence the practice and development of methods? Further, what are methods, and might they be considered as tactics towards further ends or strategies, or the ends of theorizing itself? Gathering a variety of voices that approach interpretive methods in diverse ways, Tactical Constructivism includes a vibrant cross-section of contributors, who express how their interpretive methods have been conditioned generationally, spatially (both within and outside of the US academy), and topically. This excitingvolume concludes with a dialogue roundtable between constructivist scholars Patrick Jackson, Cecelia Lynch, and Nicholas Onuf, andwill be ofinterest not only to studentsofmethods and theory in international relations and global politics, but also more established scholars.&quot;--Provided by publisher.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tpublisher = {Routledge},\n\teditor = {Steele, Brent J. and Gould, Harry D. and Kessler, Oliver},\n\tyear = {2019},\n\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: eziJxgEACAAJ},\n\tkeywords = {Political Science / General, Political Science / Globalization, Political Science / International Relations / General, Political Science / Reference, Social Science / Research},\n}\n\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  \"This volume draws together accessible and sharp essays from established and rising stars in the fieldreflecting upon their use of methods, and how those methods relate to their training within, or familiarity with, Constructivism in International Relations. Contributors express the role of interpretive methods in their own work and what this might say about todays uses of Constructivism. How might a consistent Constructivism influence the practice and development of methods? Further, what are methods, and might they be considered as tactics towards further ends or strategies, or the ends of theorizing itself? Gathering a variety of voices that approach interpretive methods in diverse ways, Tactical Constructivism includes a vibrant cross-section of contributors, who express how their interpretive methods have been conditioned generationally, spatially (both within and outside of the US academy), and topically. This excitingvolume concludes with a dialogue roundtable between constructivist scholars Patrick Jackson, Cecelia Lynch, and Nicholas Onuf, andwill be ofinterest not only to studentsofmethods and theory in international relations and global politics, but also more established scholars.\"–Provided by publisher.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"simmons-smith-thecaseforcomparativeethnography-2019\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"https://www.jstor.org/stable/26663934\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'simmons-smith-thecaseforcomparativeethnography-2019', 'https://www.jstor.org/stable/26663934', event);\">\n    The Case for Comparative Ethnography.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Simmons, E. S.;  and Smith, N. R.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  <i>Comparative Politics</i>, 51(3): 341–359.  2019.\n  <span class=\"note\">Publisher: Comparative Politics, Ph.D. Programs in Political Science, City University of New York</span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"https://www.jstor.org/stable/26663934\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('simmons-smith-thecaseforcomparativeethnography-2019', 'https://www.jstor.org/stable/26663934', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"The Case for Comparative Ethnography [link]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/simmons-smith-thecaseforcomparativeethnography-2019\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('simmons-smith-thecaseforcomparativeethnography-2019')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@article{simmons_case_2019,\n\ttitle = {The {Case} for {Comparative} {Ethnography}},\n\tvolume = {51},\n\tissn = {0010-4159},\n\turl = {https://www.jstor.org/stable/26663934},\n\tabstract = {To what extent can comparative methods and ethnographic inquiry combine to advance knowledge in political science? Ethnography is becoming an increasingly popular method within political science. Yet both proponents and detractors often see it as a technique best suited for producing in-depth knowledge about a particular case or for explicating the meaning of a particular political behavior. This article argues that comparative ethnography—ethnographic research that explicitly and intentionally builds an argument through the analysis of two or more cases—can be of particular value to political scientists, and to scholars of comparative politics in particular. The approach can hone our theoretical models, challenge existing conceptual categories, and help develop portable political insights. This article has two goals: (1) to show that comparative ethnographic research deserves a prominent place in the repertoire of qualitative methods and (2) to elaborate the logics of inquiry behind such comparisons so that scholars will be better equipped to use them more frequently. Two or more cases are not always better than one, but comparative ethnography can yield new and different insights with important implications for our understandings of politics.},\n\tnumber = {3},\n\turldate = {2024-08-09},\n\tjournal = {Comparative Politics},\n\tauthor = {Simmons, Erica S. and Smith, Nicholas Rush},\n\tyear = {2019},\n\tnote = {Publisher: Comparative Politics, Ph.D. Programs in Political Science, City University of New York},\n\tpages = {341--359},\n}\n\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  To what extent can comparative methods and ethnographic inquiry combine to advance knowledge in political science? Ethnography is becoming an increasingly popular method within political science. Yet both proponents and detractors often see it as a technique best suited for producing in-depth knowledge about a particular case or for explicating the meaning of a particular political behavior. This article argues that comparative ethnography—ethnographic research that explicitly and intentionally builds an argument through the analysis of two or more cases—can be of particular value to political scientists, and to scholars of comparative politics in particular. The approach can hone our theoretical models, challenge existing conceptual categories, and help develop portable political insights. This article has two goals: (1) to show that comparative ethnographic research deserves a prominent place in the repertoire of qualitative methods and (2) to elaborate the logics of inquiry behind such comparisons so that scholars will be better equipped to use them more frequently. Two or more cases are not always better than one, but comparative ethnography can yield new and different insights with important implications for our understandings of politics.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"schwartzshea-scholarlyreflexivitymethodologicalpracticeandbevirandblakelysantinaturalism-2019\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1080/08913811.2019.1708563\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'schwartzshea-scholarlyreflexivitymethodologicalpracticeandbevirandblakelysantinaturalism-2019', 'https://doi.org/10.1080/08913811.2019.1708563', event);\">\n    Scholarly Reflexivity, Methodological Practice, and Bevir and Blakely's Anti-Naturalism.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Schwartz-Shea, P.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  <i>Critical Review</i>, 31(3-4): 462–480. October 2019.\n  <span class=\"note\">Publisher: Routledge _eprint: https://doi.org/10.1080/08913811.2019.1708563</span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1080/08913811.2019.1708563\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('schwartzshea-scholarlyreflexivitymethodologicalpracticeandbevirandblakelysantinaturalism-2019', 'https://doi.org/10.1080/08913811.2019.1708563', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"Scholarly Reflexivity, Methodological Practice, and Bevir and Blakely&#x27;s Anti-Naturalism [link]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.org/10.1080/08913811.2019.1708563\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('schwartzshea-scholarlyreflexivitymethodologicalpracticeandbevirandblakelysantinaturalism-2019', 'http://doi.org/10.1080/08913811.2019.1708563', event.ctrlKey)\"\n     class=\"bibbase doi link\">\n    <span>doi</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/schwartzshea-scholarlyreflexivitymethodologicalpracticeandbevirandblakelysantinaturalism-2019\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('schwartzshea-scholarlyreflexivitymethodologicalpracticeandbevirandblakelysantinaturalism-2019')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@article{schwartz-shea_scholarly_2019,\n\ttitle = {Scholarly {Reflexivity}, {Methodological} {Practice}, and {Bevir} and {Blakely}&#x27;s {Anti}-{Naturalism}},\n\tvolume = {31},\n\tissn = {0891-3811},\n\turl = {https://doi.org/10.1080/08913811.2019.1708563},\n\tdoi = {10.1080/08913811.2019.1708563},\n\tabstract = {Interpretive social science consists of researchers’ interpretations of actors’ interpretations. Bevir and Blakely’s anti-naturalist approach truncates this double hermeneutic, neglecting how researcher identity affects knowledge-making. Moreover, by disappearing methodology and treating methods as neutral tools, the authors miss the significance of methodological practice. In their treatment, an anti-naturalist philosophy is sufficient to produce high-quality interpretive research, even when the methods used are those of large-N statistics or other variables-based approaches. Unfortunately, then, the book is unlikely to create more space for research alternatives to the naturalism that the authors seek to unseat.},\n\tnumber = {3-4},\n\turldate = {2024-08-09},\n\tjournal = {Critical Review},\n\tauthor = {Schwartz-Shea, Peregrine},\n\tmonth = oct,\n\tyear = {2019},\n\tnote = {Publisher: Routledge\n\\_eprint: https://doi.org/10.1080/08913811.2019.1708563},\n\tkeywords = {Jason Blakely, Mark Bevir, anti-naturalism, interpretivism, methodology, methods},\n\tpages = {462--480},\n}\n\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  Interpretive social science consists of researchers’ interpretations of actors’ interpretations. Bevir and Blakely’s anti-naturalist approach truncates this double hermeneutic, neglecting how researcher identity affects knowledge-making. Moreover, by disappearing methodology and treating methods as neutral tools, the authors miss the significance of methodological practice. In their treatment, an anti-naturalist philosophy is sufficient to produce high-quality interpretive research, even when the methods used are those of large-N statistics or other variables-based approaches. Unfortunately, then, the book is unlikely to create more space for research alternatives to the naturalism that the authors seek to unseat.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"longo-zacka-politicaltheoryinanethnographickey-2019\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/american-political-science-review/article/political-theory-in-an-ethnographic-key/08F0BD9CB6E8F7EB05A1A2039BB5A050\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'longo-zacka-politicaltheoryinanethnographickey-2019', 'https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/american-political-science-review/article/political-theory-in-an-ethnographic-key/08F0BD9CB6E8F7EB05A1A2039BB5A050', event);\">\n    Political Theory in an Ethnographic Key.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Longo, M.;  and Zacka, B.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  <i>American Political Science Review</i>, 113(4): 1066–1070. November 2019.\n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/american-political-science-review/article/political-theory-in-an-ethnographic-key/08F0BD9CB6E8F7EB05A1A2039BB5A050\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('longo-zacka-politicaltheoryinanethnographickey-2019', 'https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/american-political-science-review/article/political-theory-in-an-ethnographic-key/08F0BD9CB6E8F7EB05A1A2039BB5A050', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"Political Theory in an Ethnographic Key [link]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.org/10.1017/S0003055419000431\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('longo-zacka-politicaltheoryinanethnographickey-2019', 'http://doi.org/10.1017/S0003055419000431', event.ctrlKey)\"\n     class=\"bibbase doi link\">\n    <span>doi</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/longo-zacka-politicaltheoryinanethnographickey-2019\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('longo-zacka-politicaltheoryinanethnographickey-2019')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@article{longo_political_2019,\n\ttitle = {Political {Theory} in an {Ethnographic} {Key}},\n\tvolume = {113},\n\tissn = {0003-0554, 1537-5943},\n\turl = {https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/american-political-science-review/article/political-theory-in-an-ethnographic-key/08F0BD9CB6E8F7EB05A1A2039BB5A050},\n\tdoi = {10.1017/S0003055419000431},\n\tabstract = {Should political theorists engage in ethnography? In this letter, we assess a recent wave of interest in ethnography among political theorists and explain why it is a good thing. We focus, in particular, on how ethnographic research generates what Ian Shapiro calls “problematizing redescriptions”—accounts of political phenomena that destabilize the lens through which we traditionally study them, engendering novel questions and exposing new avenues of moral concern. We argue that (1) by revealing new levels of variation and contingency within familiar political phenomena, ethnography can uncover topics ripe for normative inquiry; (2) by shedding light on what meanings people associate with political values, it can advance our reflection on concepts; and (3) by capturing the experience of individuals at grips with the social world, it can attune us to forms of harm that would otherwise remain hidden. The purchase for political theory is considerable. By thickening our understanding of institutions, ethnography serves as an antidote to analytic specialization and broadens the range of questions political theorists can ask, reinvigorating debates in the subfield and forging connections with the discipline writ large.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {4},\n\turldate = {2024-08-09},\n\tjournal = {American Political Science Review},\n\tauthor = {Longo, Matthew and Zacka, Bernardo},\n\tmonth = nov,\n\tyear = {2019},\n\tpages = {1066--1070},\n}\n\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  Should political theorists engage in ethnography? In this letter, we assess a recent wave of interest in ethnography among political theorists and explain why it is a good thing. We focus, in particular, on how ethnographic research generates what Ian Shapiro calls “problematizing redescriptions”—accounts of political phenomena that destabilize the lens through which we traditionally study them, engendering novel questions and exposing new avenues of moral concern. We argue that (1) by revealing new levels of variation and contingency within familiar political phenomena, ethnography can uncover topics ripe for normative inquiry; (2) by shedding light on what meanings people associate with political values, it can advance our reflection on concepts; and (3) by capturing the experience of individuals at grips with the social world, it can attune us to forms of harm that would otherwise remain hidden. The purchase for political theory is considerable. By thickening our understanding of institutions, ethnography serves as an antidote to analytic specialization and broadens the range of questions political theorists can ask, reinvigorating debates in the subfield and forging connections with the discipline writ large.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"herzog-zacka-fieldworkinpoliticaltheoryfiveargumentsforanethnographicsensibility-2019\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/british-journal-of-political-science/article/abs/fieldwork-in-political-theory-five-arguments-for-an-ethnographic-sensibility/D2DA8FE608870A8F7F67A3387304FD40\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'herzog-zacka-fieldworkinpoliticaltheoryfiveargumentsforanethnographicsensibility-2019', 'https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/british-journal-of-political-science/article/abs/fieldwork-in-political-theory-five-arguments-for-an-ethnographic-sensibility/D2DA8FE608870A8F7F67A3387304FD40', event);\">\n    Fieldwork in Political Theory: Five Arguments for an Ethnographic Sensibility.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Herzog, L.;  and Zacka, B.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  <i>British Journal of Political Science</i>, 49(2): 763–784. April 2019.\n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/british-journal-of-political-science/article/abs/fieldwork-in-political-theory-five-arguments-for-an-ethnographic-sensibility/D2DA8FE608870A8F7F67A3387304FD40\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('herzog-zacka-fieldworkinpoliticaltheoryfiveargumentsforanethnographicsensibility-2019', 'https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/british-journal-of-political-science/article/abs/fieldwork-in-political-theory-five-arguments-for-an-ethnographic-sensibility/D2DA8FE608870A8F7F67A3387304FD40', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"Fieldwork in Political Theory: Five Arguments for an Ethnographic Sensibility [link]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.org/10.1017/S0007123416000703\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('herzog-zacka-fieldworkinpoliticaltheoryfiveargumentsforanethnographicsensibility-2019', 'http://doi.org/10.1017/S0007123416000703', event.ctrlKey)\"\n     class=\"bibbase doi link\">\n    <span>doi</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/herzog-zacka-fieldworkinpoliticaltheoryfiveargumentsforanethnographicsensibility-2019\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('herzog-zacka-fieldworkinpoliticaltheoryfiveargumentsforanethnographicsensibility-2019')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@article{herzog_fieldwork_2019,\n\ttitle = {Fieldwork in {Political} {Theory}: {Five} {Arguments} for an {Ethnographic} {Sensibility}},\n\tvolume = {49},\n\tissn = {0007-1234, 1469-2112},\n\tshorttitle = {Fieldwork in {Political} {Theory}},\n\turl = {https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/british-journal-of-political-science/article/abs/fieldwork-in-political-theory-five-arguments-for-an-ethnographic-sensibility/D2DA8FE608870A8F7F67A3387304FD40},\n\tdoi = {10.1017/S0007123416000703},\n\tabstract = {This article makes a positive case for an ethnographic sensibility in political theory. Drawing on published ethnographies and original fieldwork, it argues that an ethnographic sensibility can contribute to normative reflection in five distinct ways. It can help uncover the nature of situated normative demands (epistemic argument); diagnose obstacles encountered when responding to these demands (diagnostic argument); evaluate practices and institutions against a given set of values (evaluative argument); probe, question and refine our understanding of values (valuational argument); and uncover underlying social ontologies (ontological argument). The contribution of ethnography to normative theory is distinguished from that of other forms of empirical research, and the dangers of perspectival absorption, bias and particularism are addressed.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {2},\n\turldate = {2024-08-09},\n\tjournal = {British Journal of Political Science},\n\tauthor = {Herzog, Lisa and Zacka, Bernardo},\n\tmonth = apr,\n\tyear = {2019},\n\tkeywords = {ethnography, methodology, non-ideal theory, normative case study, reflective equilibrium},\n\tpages = {763--784},\n}\n\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  This article makes a positive case for an ethnographic sensibility in political theory. Drawing on published ethnographies and original fieldwork, it argues that an ethnographic sensibility can contribute to normative reflection in five distinct ways. It can help uncover the nature of situated normative demands (epistemic argument); diagnose obstacles encountered when responding to these demands (diagnostic argument); evaluate practices and institutions against a given set of values (evaluative argument); probe, question and refine our understanding of values (valuational argument); and uncover underlying social ontologies (ontological argument). The contribution of ethnography to normative theory is distinguished from that of other forms of empirical research, and the dangers of perspectival absorption, bias and particularism are addressed.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"funk-makinginterpretivismvisiblereflectionsafteradecadeofthemethodscaf-2019\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/ps-political-science-and-politics/article/making-interpretivism-visible-reflections-after-a-decade-of-the-methods-cafe/F325A0F26F40B54DFECB4395B032A744\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'funk-makinginterpretivismvisiblereflectionsafteradecadeofthemethodscaf-2019', 'https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/ps-political-science-and-politics/article/making-interpretivism-visible-reflections-after-a-decade-of-the-methods-cafe/F325A0F26F40B54DFECB4395B032A744', event);\">\n    Making Interpretivism Visible: Reflections after a Decade of the Methods Café.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Funk, K.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  <i>PS: Political Science & Politics</i>, 52(3): 465–469. July 2019.\n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/ps-political-science-and-politics/article/making-interpretivism-visible-reflections-after-a-decade-of-the-methods-cafe/F325A0F26F40B54DFECB4395B032A744\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('funk-makinginterpretivismvisiblereflectionsafteradecadeofthemethodscaf-2019', 'https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/ps-political-science-and-politics/article/making-interpretivism-visible-reflections-after-a-decade-of-the-methods-cafe/F325A0F26F40B54DFECB4395B032A744', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"Making Interpretivism Visible: Reflections after a Decade of the Methods Café [link]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.org/10.1017/S1049096519000179\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('funk-makinginterpretivismvisiblereflectionsafteradecadeofthemethodscaf-2019', 'http://doi.org/10.1017/S1049096519000179', event.ctrlKey)\"\n     class=\"bibbase doi link\">\n    <span>doi</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/funk-makinginterpretivismvisiblereflectionsafteradecadeofthemethodscaf-2019\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('funk-makinginterpretivismvisiblereflectionsafteradecadeofthemethodscaf-2019')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@article{funk_making_2019,\n\ttitle = {Making {Interpretivism} {Visible}: {Reflections} after a {Decade} of the {Methods} {Café}},\n\tvolume = {52},\n\tissn = {1049-0965, 1537-5935},\n\tshorttitle = {Making {Interpretivism} {Visible}},\n\turl = {https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/ps-political-science-and-politics/article/making-interpretivism-visible-reflections-after-a-decade-of-the-methods-cafe/F325A0F26F40B54DFECB4395B032A744},\n\tdoi = {10.1017/S1049096519000179},\n\tabstract = {More than a decade after the observation that an “interpretive turn” was percolating through political science, there are clear indications of growth in the perceived legitimacy of interpretive scholarship. Both accompanying and contributing to interpretivism’s ascent has been the regular staging of Methods Cafés at various conferences in and beyond the discipline. First held at the 2005 meeting of the Western Political Science Association, the Methods Café subsequently landed at the 2006 conference of the American Political Science Association. The Methods Café has become an institutionalized feature of these and other conferences. This reflection looks at the past, present, and future of these events, as well as the key role they have played in making interpretivism visible in the discipline. In particular, I highlight their function as non-hierarchical intellectual spaces that promote teaching, learning, and interpretivist community building. Further, I offer friendly but not uncritical commentary on the successes and limitations of the Methods Café.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {3},\n\turldate = {2024-08-08},\n\tjournal = {PS: Political Science \\&amp; Politics},\n\tauthor = {Funk, Kevin},\n\tmonth = jul,\n\tyear = {2019},\n\tpages = {465--469},\n}\n\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  More than a decade after the observation that an “interpretive turn” was percolating through political science, there are clear indications of growth in the perceived legitimacy of interpretive scholarship. Both accompanying and contributing to interpretivism’s ascent has been the regular staging of Methods Cafés at various conferences in and beyond the discipline. First held at the 2005 meeting of the Western Political Science Association, the Methods Café subsequently landed at the 2006 conference of the American Political Science Association. The Methods Café has become an institutionalized feature of these and other conferences. This reflection looks at the past, present, and future of these events, as well as the key role they have played in making interpretivism visible in the discipline. In particular, I highlight their function as non-hierarchical intellectual spaces that promote teaching, learning, and interpretivist community building. Further, I offer friendly but not uncritical commentary on the successes and limitations of the Methods Café.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"boswell-corbett-rhodes-theartandcraftofcomparison-2019\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/art-and-craft-of-comparison/D7BD358158B5444D1E1D1122A0114C5B\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'boswell-corbett-rhodes-theartandcraftofcomparison-2019', 'https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/art-and-craft-of-comparison/D7BD358158B5444D1E1D1122A0114C5B', event);\">\n    The Art and Craft of Comparison.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Boswell, J.; Corbett, J.;  and Rhodes, R. A. W.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n   of Strategies for Social InquiryCambridge University Press, Cambridge,  2019.\n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/art-and-craft-of-comparison/D7BD358158B5444D1E1D1122A0114C5B\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('boswell-corbett-rhodes-theartandcraftofcomparison-2019', 'https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/art-and-craft-of-comparison/D7BD358158B5444D1E1D1122A0114C5B', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"The Art and Craft of Comparison [link]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.org/10.1017/9781108561563\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('boswell-corbett-rhodes-theartandcraftofcomparison-2019', 'http://doi.org/10.1017/9781108561563', event.ctrlKey)\"\n     class=\"bibbase doi link\">\n    <span>doi</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/boswell-corbett-rhodes-theartandcraftofcomparison-2019\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('boswell-corbett-rhodes-theartandcraftofcomparison-2019')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@book{boswell_art_2019,\n\taddress = {Cambridge},\n\tseries = {Strategies for {Social} {Inquiry}},\n\ttitle = {The {Art} and {Craft} of {Comparison}},\n\tisbn = {978-1-108-47285-2},\n\turl = {https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/art-and-craft-of-comparison/D7BD358158B5444D1E1D1122A0114C5B},\n\tabstract = {Is it possible to compare French presidential politics with village leadership in rural India? Most social scientists are united in thinking such unlikely juxtapositions are not feasible. Boswell, Corbett and Rhodes argue that they are possible. This book explains why and how. It is a call to arms for interpretivists to embrace creatively comparative work. As well as explaining, defending and illustrating the comparative interpretive approach, this book is also an engaging, hands-on guide to doing comparative interpretive research, with chapters covering design, fieldwork, analysis and writing. The advice in each revolves around &#x27;rules of thumb&#x27;, grounded in experience, and illustrated through stories and examples from the authors&#x27; research in different contexts around the world. Naturalist and humanist traditions have thus far dominated the field but this book presents a real alternative to these two orthodoxies which expands the horizons of comparative analysis in social science research.},\n\turldate = {2024-08-09},\n\tpublisher = {Cambridge University Press},\n\tauthor = {Boswell, John and Corbett, Jack and Rhodes, R. A. W.},\n\tyear = {2019},\n\tdoi = {10.1017/9781108561563},\n}\n\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  Is it possible to compare French presidential politics with village leadership in rural India? Most social scientists are united in thinking such unlikely juxtapositions are not feasible. Boswell, Corbett and Rhodes argue that they are possible. This book explains why and how. It is a call to arms for interpretivists to embrace creatively comparative work. As well as explaining, defending and illustrating the comparative interpretive approach, this book is also an engaging, hands-on guide to doing comparative interpretive research, with chapters covering design, fieldwork, analysis and writing. The advice in each revolves around 'rules of thumb', grounded in experience, and illustrated through stories and examples from the authors' research in different contexts around the world. Naturalist and humanist traditions have thus far dominated the field but this book presents a real alternative to these two orthodoxies which expands the horizons of comparative analysis in social science research.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n\n\n\n    </div>\n  </div>\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_group_whole\" id=\"group_2018\">\n    <div class=\"bibbase_group\"\n      onclick=\"toggleGroup('group_2018')\"\n      onkeypress=\"toggleGroup('group_2018')\"\n      tabindex=\"0\">\n      <i class=\"fa fa-angle-down bibbase_group_head_icon\"></i>&nbsp;\n      <span>2018</span>\n      <span class=\"bibbase_group_count\">\n        \n        (16)\n        \n      </span>\n    </div>\n    <div class=\"bibbase_group_body\">\n      \n  \n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"cheesman-ruleoflawethnography-2018\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"https://www.annualreviews.org/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-lawsocsci-101317-030900\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'cheesman-ruleoflawethnography-2018', 'https://www.annualreviews.org/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-lawsocsci-101317-030900', event);\">\n    Rule-of-Law Ethnography.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Cheesman, N.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  <i>Annual Review of Law and Social Science</i>, 14(Volume 14, 2018): 167–184. October 2018.\n  <span class=\"note\">Publisher: Annual Reviews</span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"https://www.annualreviews.org/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-lawsocsci-101317-030900\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('cheesman-ruleoflawethnography-2018', 'https://www.annualreviews.org/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-lawsocsci-101317-030900', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"Rule-of-Law Ethnography [link]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-lawsocsci-101317-030900\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('cheesman-ruleoflawethnography-2018', 'http://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-lawsocsci-101317-030900', event.ctrlKey)\"\n     class=\"bibbase doi link\">\n    <span>doi</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/cheesman-ruleoflawethnography-2018\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('cheesman-ruleoflawethnography-2018')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@article{cheesman_rule--law_2018,\n\ttitle = {Rule-of-{Law} {Ethnography}},\n\tvolume = {14},\n\tissn = {1550-3585, 1550-3631},\n\turl = {https://www.annualreviews.org/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-lawsocsci-101317-030900},\n\tdoi = {10.1146/annurev-lawsocsci-101317-030900},\n\tabstract = {This review outlines an emerging agenda for ethnographic interpretation of the rule of law. From a survey of studies done on the rule of law in Africa, Asia, Europe, and the Americas, the review identifies four general characteristics of this mode of inquiry, namely, that it is located, relational, and comparative and has extrinsic value. It offers three nonexhaustive reasons for interpreting the rule of law ethnographically, which are as a counterhegemonic practice, in response to counterintuitive observations, and as a means to do constitutive theorizing. Contending that ethnographic work on the rule of law involves some kind of stance toward both research subjects and object of inquiry, the review advocates for the exercise of passionate humility: a conviction about the rule of law tempered by willingness to be proven wrong through inquiries in critical proximity with socially and politically mediated facts. Rule-of-law ethnography\\&amp;apos;s possibility lies in its attending to the relationship between what is claimed in the rule of law\\&amp;apos;s name and what is realized, not to make the idea look foolish, but to show how it emerges and why it persists through struggle.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {Volume 14, 2018},\n\turldate = {2024-08-14},\n\tjournal = {Annual Review of Law and Social Science},\n\tauthor = {Cheesman, Nick},\n\tmonth = oct,\n\tyear = {2018},\n\tnote = {Publisher: Annual Reviews},\n\tpages = {167--184},\n}\n\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  This review outlines an emerging agenda for ethnographic interpretation of the rule of law. From a survey of studies done on the rule of law in Africa, Asia, Europe, and the Americas, the review identifies four general characteristics of this mode of inquiry, namely, that it is located, relational, and comparative and has extrinsic value. It offers three nonexhaustive reasons for interpreting the rule of law ethnographically, which are as a counterhegemonic practice, in response to counterintuitive observations, and as a means to do constitutive theorizing. Contending that ethnographic work on the rule of law involves some kind of stance toward both research subjects and object of inquiry, the review advocates for the exercise of passionate humility: a conviction about the rule of law tempered by willingness to be proven wrong through inquiries in critical proximity with socially and politically mediated facts. Rule-of-law ethnography&apos;s possibility lies in its attending to the relationship between what is claimed in the rule of law&apos;s name and what is realized, not to make the idea look foolish, but to show how it emerges and why it persists through struggle.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"tripp-transparencyandintegrityinconductingfieldresearchonpoliticsinchallengingcontexts-2018\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/perspectives-on-politics/article/abs/transparency-and-integrity-in-conducting-field-research-on-politics-in-challenging-contexts/9612E174B54B3E22CF29B2D942260B6D\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'tripp-transparencyandintegrityinconductingfieldresearchonpoliticsinchallengingcontexts-2018', 'https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/perspectives-on-politics/article/abs/transparency-and-integrity-in-conducting-field-research-on-politics-in-challenging-contexts/9612E174B54B3E22CF29B2D942260B6D', event);\">\n    Transparency and Integrity in Conducting Field Research on Politics in Challenging Contexts.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Tripp, A. M.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  <i>Perspectives on Politics</i>, 16(3): 728–738. September 2018.\n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/perspectives-on-politics/article/abs/transparency-and-integrity-in-conducting-field-research-on-politics-in-challenging-contexts/9612E174B54B3E22CF29B2D942260B6D\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('tripp-transparencyandintegrityinconductingfieldresearchonpoliticsinchallengingcontexts-2018', 'https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/perspectives-on-politics/article/abs/transparency-and-integrity-in-conducting-field-research-on-politics-in-challenging-contexts/9612E174B54B3E22CF29B2D942260B6D', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"Transparency and Integrity in Conducting Field Research on Politics in Challenging Contexts [link]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.org/10.1017/S1537592718001056\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('tripp-transparencyandintegrityinconductingfieldresearchonpoliticsinchallengingcontexts-2018', 'http://doi.org/10.1017/S1537592718001056', event.ctrlKey)\"\n     class=\"bibbase doi link\">\n    <span>doi</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/tripp-transparencyandintegrityinconductingfieldresearchonpoliticsinchallengingcontexts-2018\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('tripp-transparencyandintegrityinconductingfieldresearchonpoliticsinchallengingcontexts-2018')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@article{tripp_transparency_2018,\n\ttitle = {Transparency and {Integrity} in {Conducting} {Field} {Research} on {Politics} in {Challenging} {Contexts}},\n\tvolume = {16},\n\tissn = {1537-5927, 1541-0986},\n\turl = {https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/perspectives-on-politics/article/abs/transparency-and-integrity-in-conducting-field-research-on-politics-in-challenging-contexts/9612E174B54B3E22CF29B2D942260B6D},\n\tdoi = {10.1017/S1537592718001056},\n\tabstract = {//static.cambridge.org/content/id/urn\\%3Acambridge.org\\%3Aid\\%3Aarticle\\%3AS1537592718001056/resource/name/firstPage-S1537592718001056a.jpg},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {3},\n\turldate = {2024-08-14},\n\tjournal = {Perspectives on Politics},\n\tauthor = {Tripp, Aili Mari},\n\tmonth = sep,\n\tyear = {2018},\n\tpages = {728--738},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  //static.cambridge.org/content/id/urn%3Acambridge.org%3Aid%3Aarticle%3AS1537592718001056/resource/name/firstPage-S1537592718001056a.jpg\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"krystalli-negotiatingdatamanagementwiththenationalsciencefoundationtransparencyandethicsinresearchrelationships-2018\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  Negotiating Data Management with The National Science Foundation: Transparency And Ethics In Research Relationships.\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Krystalli, R.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  May 2018.\n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/krystalli-negotiatingdatamanagementwiththenationalsciencefoundationtransparencyandethicsinresearchrelationships-2018\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('krystalli-negotiatingdatamanagementwiththenationalsciencefoundationtransparencyandethicsinresearchrelationships-2018')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@misc{krystalli_negotiating_2018,\n\ttitle = {Negotiating {Data} {Management} with {The} {National} {Science} {Foundation}: {Transparency} {And} {Ethics} {In} {Research} {Relationships}},\n\tauthor = {Krystalli, Roxani},\n\tmonth = may,\n\tyear = {2018},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"harper-thinkingaboutjournalsirbsandresearchpartnersinterviewees-2018\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  Thinking about Journals, IRBs, and Research Partners (Interviewees).\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Harper, R. A.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  In <i>Excerpt from a paper presented at the roundtable “Will the real ‘research ethics’ stand up? IRBs, DA-RT, QTD, and the APSA Ethics Guide in the age of Trump”</i>, San Francisco, March 2018. \n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/harper-thinkingaboutjournalsirbsandresearchpartnersinterviewees-2018\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('harper-thinkingaboutjournalsirbsandresearchpartnersinterviewees-2018')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@inproceedings{harper_thinking_2018,\n\taddress = {San Francisco},\n\ttitle = {Thinking about {Journals}, {IRBs}, and {Research} {Partners} ({Interviewees})},\n\tbooktitle = {Excerpt from a paper presented at the roundtable “{Will} the real ‘research ethics’ stand up? {IRBs}, {DA}-{RT}, {QTD}, and the {APSA} {Ethics} {Guide} in the age of {Trump}”},\n\tauthor = {Harper, Robin A.},\n\tmonth = mar,\n\tyear = {2018},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"wiener-contestationandconstitutionofnormsinglobalinternationalrelations-2018\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/contestation-and-constitution-of-norms-in-global-international-relations/41749FC27FD01ED9228E0787CD615508\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'wiener-contestationandconstitutionofnormsinglobalinternationalrelations-2018', 'https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/contestation-and-constitution-of-norms-in-global-international-relations/41749FC27FD01ED9228E0787CD615508', event);\">\n    Contestation and Constitution of Norms in Global International Relations.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Wiener, A.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK,  2018.\n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/contestation-and-constitution-of-norms-in-global-international-relations/41749FC27FD01ED9228E0787CD615508\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('wiener-contestationandconstitutionofnormsinglobalinternationalrelations-2018', 'https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/contestation-and-constitution-of-norms-in-global-international-relations/41749FC27FD01ED9228E0787CD615508', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"Contestation and Constitution of Norms in Global International Relations [link]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.org/10.1017/9781316718599\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('wiener-contestationandconstitutionofnormsinglobalinternationalrelations-2018', 'http://doi.org/10.1017/9781316718599', event.ctrlKey)\"\n     class=\"bibbase doi link\">\n    <span>doi</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/wiener-contestationandconstitutionofnormsinglobalinternationalrelations-2018\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('wiener-contestationandconstitutionofnormsinglobalinternationalrelations-2018')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@book{wiener_contestation_2018,\n\taddress = {Cambridge, UK},\n\ttitle = {Contestation and {Constitution} of {Norms} in {Global} {International} {Relations}},\n\tisbn = {978-1-107-16952-4},\n\turl = {https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/contestation-and-constitution-of-norms-in-global-international-relations/41749FC27FD01ED9228E0787CD615508},\n\tabstract = {Antje Wiener examines the involvement of local actors in conflicts over global norms such as fundamental rights and the prohibition of torture and sexual violence. Providing accounts of local interventions made on behalf of those affected by breaches of norms, she identifies the constraints and opportunities for stakeholder participation in a fragmented global society. The book also considers cultural and institutional diversity with regard to the co-constitution of norm change. Proposing a clear framework to operationalize research on contested norms, and illustrating it through three recent cases, this book contributes to the project of global international relations by offering an agency-centred approach. It will interest scholars and advanced students of international relations, international political theory, and international law seeking a principled approach to practice that overcomes the practice-norm gap.},\n\turldate = {2024-08-12},\n\tpublisher = {Cambridge University Press},\n\tauthor = {Wiener, Antje},\n\tyear = {2018},\n\tdoi = {10.1017/9781316718599},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  Antje Wiener examines the involvement of local actors in conflicts over global norms such as fundamental rights and the prohibition of torture and sexual violence. Providing accounts of local interventions made on behalf of those affected by breaches of norms, she identifies the constraints and opportunities for stakeholder participation in a fragmented global society. The book also considers cultural and institutional diversity with regard to the co-constitution of norm change. Proposing a clear framework to operationalize research on contested norms, and illustrating it through three recent cases, this book contributes to the project of global international relations by offering an agency-centred approach. It will interest scholars and advanced students of international relations, international political theory, and international law seeking a principled approach to practice that overcomes the practice-norm gap.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"weitzel-audializingmigrantbodiessoundandsecurityattheborder-2018\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1177/0967010618795788\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'weitzel-audializingmigrantbodiessoundandsecurityattheborder-2018', 'https://doi.org/10.1177/0967010618795788', event);\">\n    Audializing migrant bodies: Sound and security at the border.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Weitzel, M. D\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  <i>Security Dialogue</i>, 49(6): 421–437. December 2018.\n  <span class=\"note\">Publisher: SAGE Publications Ltd</span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1177/0967010618795788\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('weitzel-audializingmigrantbodiessoundandsecurityattheborder-2018', 'https://doi.org/10.1177/0967010618795788', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"Audializing migrant bodies: Sound and security at the border [link]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.org/10.1177/0967010618795788\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('weitzel-audializingmigrantbodiessoundandsecurityattheborder-2018', 'http://doi.org/10.1177/0967010618795788', event.ctrlKey)\"\n     class=\"bibbase doi link\">\n    <span>doi</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/weitzel-audializingmigrantbodiessoundandsecurityattheborder-2018\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('weitzel-audializingmigrantbodiessoundandsecurityattheborder-2018')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@article{weitzel_audializing_2018,\n\ttitle = {Audializing migrant bodies: {Sound} and security at the border},\n\tvolume = {49},\n\tissn = {0967-0106},\n\tshorttitle = {Audializing migrant bodies},\n\turl = {https://doi.org/10.1177/0967010618795788},\n\tdoi = {10.1177/0967010618795788},\n\tabstract = {Sound represents a salient yet rarely examined counterpoint to visuality and materiality in security, international bordering, and mobility literature. Using the context of sub-Saharan African migration as grounding for empirical analysis and drawing on fieldwork conducted in Morocco in 2015 and 2016, this article lays the foundation for a research agenda that understands voice, and the sonic body more broadly, as mechanisms of political power. In examining the central roles that sound, hearing, and voice play in strategies of individual resistance at border crossings, as well as in state, private, and transnational communication and surveillance regimes, it attends to the ways in which sound and the audialized body reconfigure power relations, and structure mobility and personal identity. This analysis contributes to the growing literature addressing biometric borders and the deterritorialization of security practices, and argues that sound, along with more familiar nodes of securitization, constitutes a critical site of governmentality and therefore of ethical and moral negotiation.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {6},\n\turldate = {2024-08-12},\n\tjournal = {Security Dialogue},\n\tauthor = {Weitzel, Michelle D},\n\tmonth = dec,\n\tyear = {2018},\n\tnote = {Publisher: SAGE Publications Ltd},\n\tpages = {421--437},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  Sound represents a salient yet rarely examined counterpoint to visuality and materiality in security, international bordering, and mobility literature. Using the context of sub-Saharan African migration as grounding for empirical analysis and drawing on fieldwork conducted in Morocco in 2015 and 2016, this article lays the foundation for a research agenda that understands voice, and the sonic body more broadly, as mechanisms of political power. In examining the central roles that sound, hearing, and voice play in strategies of individual resistance at border crossings, as well as in state, private, and transnational communication and surveillance regimes, it attends to the ways in which sound and the audialized body reconfigure power relations, and structure mobility and personal identity. This analysis contributes to the growing literature addressing biometric borders and the deterritorialization of security practices, and argues that sound, along with more familiar nodes of securitization, constitutes a critical site of governmentality and therefore of ethical and moral negotiation.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"schwarz-faithbasedorganizationsintransnationalpeacebuilding-2018\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"https://rowman.com/ISBN/9781786604095/Faith-Based-Organizations-in-Transnational-Peacebuilding\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'schwarz-faithbasedorganizationsintransnationalpeacebuilding-2018', 'https://rowman.com/ISBN/9781786604095/Faith-Based-Organizations-in-Transnational-Peacebuilding', event);\">\n    Faith-Based Organizations in Transnational Peacebuilding.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Schwarz, T. B.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  Rowman & Littlefield, London, UK, March 2018.\n  <span class=\"note\">Google-Books-ID: 2ObaDwAAQBAJ</span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"https://rowman.com/ISBN/9781786604095/Faith-Based-Organizations-in-Transnational-Peacebuilding\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('schwarz-faithbasedorganizationsintransnationalpeacebuilding-2018', 'https://rowman.com/ISBN/9781786604095/Faith-Based-Organizations-in-Transnational-Peacebuilding', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"Faith-Based Organizations in Transnational Peacebuilding [link]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/schwarz-faithbasedorganizationsintransnationalpeacebuilding-2018\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('schwarz-faithbasedorganizationsintransnationalpeacebuilding-2018')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@book{schwarz_faith-based_2018,\n\taddress = {London, UK},\n\ttitle = {Faith-{Based} {Organizations} in {Transnational} {Peacebuilding}},\n\tisbn = {978-1-78660-411-8},\n\turl = {https://rowman.com/ISBN/9781786604095/Faith-Based-Organizations-in-Transnational-Peacebuilding},\n\tabstract = {How do faith-based organizations influence the work of transnational peacebuilding, development, and human rights advocacy? How is the political role of such organizations informed by their religious ideas and practices? This book investigates this set of questions by examining how three transnational faith-based organizations—Religions for Peace, the Taizé Community, and International Justice Mission—conceptualize their own religious practices, values, and identities, and how those acts and ideas inform their political goals and strategies. The book demonstrates the political importance of prayer in the work of transnational faith-based organizations, specifically in areas of conflict resolution, post-conflict integration, agenda setting, and in constituting narratives about justice and reconciliation. It also evaluates the distinctive strategies that faith-based organizations employ to navigate religious difference. A central goal of the book is to propose a new way to study “religion” in international politics, by actively questioning and reflecting on what it means for an act, idea, or community to be “religious.”},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tpublisher = {Rowman \\&amp; Littlefield},\n\tauthor = {Schwarz, Tanya B.},\n\tmonth = mar,\n\tyear = {2018},\n\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: 2ObaDwAAQBAJ},\n\tkeywords = {Political Science / Peace, Religion / Institutions \\&amp; Organizations},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  How do faith-based organizations influence the work of transnational peacebuilding, development, and human rights advocacy? How is the political role of such organizations informed by their religious ideas and practices? This book investigates this set of questions by examining how three transnational faith-based organizations—Religions for Peace, the Taizé Community, and International Justice Mission—conceptualize their own religious practices, values, and identities, and how those acts and ideas inform their political goals and strategies. The book demonstrates the political importance of prayer in the work of transnational faith-based organizations, specifically in areas of conflict resolution, post-conflict integration, agenda setting, and in constituting narratives about justice and reconciliation. It also evaluates the distinctive strategies that faith-based organizations employ to navigate religious difference. A central goal of the book is to propose a new way to study “religion” in international politics, by actively questioning and reflecting on what it means for an act, idea, or community to be “religious.”\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"schultz-west-bourke-darmengol-torrents-hardardottir-jansson-roldn-learningtolivewithsocialecologicalcomplexityaninterpretiveanalysisoflearningin11unescobiospherereserves-2018\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0959378017308725\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'schultz-west-bourke-darmengol-torrents-hardardottir-jansson-roldn-learningtolivewithsocialecologicalcomplexityaninterpretiveanalysisoflearningin11unescobiospherereserves-2018', 'https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0959378017308725', event);\">\n    Learning to live with social-ecological complexity: An interpretive analysis of learning in 11 UNESCO Biosphere Reserves.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Schultz, L.; West, S.; Bourke, A. J.; d’Armengol , L.; Torrents, P.; Hardardottir, H.; Jansson, A.;  and Roldán, A. M.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  <i>Global Environmental Change</i>, 50: 75–87. May 2018.\n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0959378017308725\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('schultz-west-bourke-darmengol-torrents-hardardottir-jansson-roldn-learningtolivewithsocialecologicalcomplexityaninterpretiveanalysisoflearningin11unescobiospherereserves-2018', 'https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0959378017308725', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"Learning to live with social-ecological complexity: An interpretive analysis of learning in 11 UNESCO Biosphere Reserves [link]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2018.03.001\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('schultz-west-bourke-darmengol-torrents-hardardottir-jansson-roldn-learningtolivewithsocialecologicalcomplexityaninterpretiveanalysisoflearningin11unescobiospherereserves-2018', 'http://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2018.03.001', event.ctrlKey)\"\n     class=\"bibbase doi link\">\n    <span>doi</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/schultz-west-bourke-darmengol-torrents-hardardottir-jansson-roldn-learningtolivewithsocialecologicalcomplexityaninterpretiveanalysisoflearningin11unescobiospherereserves-2018\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('schultz-west-bourke-darmengol-torrents-hardardottir-jansson-roldn-learningtolivewithsocialecologicalcomplexityaninterpretiveanalysisoflearningin11unescobiospherereserves-2018')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@article{schultz_learning_2018,\n\ttitle = {Learning to live with social-ecological complexity: {An} interpretive analysis of learning in 11 {UNESCO} {Biosphere} {Reserves}},\n\tvolume = {50},\n\tissn = {0959-3780},\n\tshorttitle = {Learning to live with social-ecological complexity},\n\turl = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0959378017308725},\n\tdoi = {10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2018.03.001},\n\tabstract = {Learning is considered a means to achieve sustainability in practice and has become a prominent goal of sustainability interventions. In this paper we explore how learning for sustainability is shaped by meaning, interpretation and experience, in the context of UNESCO Biosphere Reserves (BRs). The World Network of Biosphere Reserves brings environmental conservation, socio-economic development and research together in ‘learning sites for sustainable development.’ The World Network is globally significant, with 669 BRs in 120 countries, but as with many paradigmatic sustainability interventions BRs are perceived to suffer from a ‘concept-reality gap.’ We explore this gap from an interpretive perspective, focusing on participant interpretations of the meaning of BRs and their experiences of working with the concept – with the aim of painting a richer picture of learning for sustainability and the ways in which BRs might fulfil their role as learning sites. We provide a cross-case analysis of learning in 11 BRs around the world, drawing on interviews with 177 participants, and ask: How is the BR concept interpreted and enacted by people involved with BR work? What learning emerges through BR work, as described by those involved? We find that the BR concept is interpreted differently in each location, producing distinct expectations, practices and institutional designs. Learning occurs around common themes – human-environment relationships, actors and governance arrangements, and skills to navigate BR work – but is expressed very differently in each BR. The position of BRs ‘in between’ social, ecological and economic goals; local places and global networks; and government, private and civil society sectors, provides a valuable space for participants to learn to live with social-ecological complexity. We discuss our results in terms of their contribution to three pressing concerns in sustainability science: (i) power and politics in learning for sustainability, (ii) intermediaries and bridging organizations in multi-level governance, and (iii) reflexivity and knowledge-action relationships. Our comparative hermeneutic approach makes a novel methodological contribution to interpretive studies of sustainability policy and governance.},\n\turldate = {2024-08-12},\n\tjournal = {Global Environmental Change},\n\tauthor = {Schultz, Lisen and West, Simon and Bourke, Alba Juárez and d’Armengol, Laia and Torrents, Pau and Hardardottir, Hildur and Jansson, Annie and Roldán, Alba Mohedano},\n\tmonth = may,\n\tyear = {2018},\n\tkeywords = {Bridging organizations, Comparative case study, Multi-level governance, Qualitative, Science-policy interface, Sustainability science},\n\tpages = {75--87},\n}\n\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  Learning is considered a means to achieve sustainability in practice and has become a prominent goal of sustainability interventions. In this paper we explore how learning for sustainability is shaped by meaning, interpretation and experience, in the context of UNESCO Biosphere Reserves (BRs). The World Network of Biosphere Reserves brings environmental conservation, socio-economic development and research together in ‘learning sites for sustainable development.’ The World Network is globally significant, with 669 BRs in 120 countries, but as with many paradigmatic sustainability interventions BRs are perceived to suffer from a ‘concept-reality gap.’ We explore this gap from an interpretive perspective, focusing on participant interpretations of the meaning of BRs and their experiences of working with the concept – with the aim of painting a richer picture of learning for sustainability and the ways in which BRs might fulfil their role as learning sites. We provide a cross-case analysis of learning in 11 BRs around the world, drawing on interviews with 177 participants, and ask: How is the BR concept interpreted and enacted by people involved with BR work? What learning emerges through BR work, as described by those involved? We find that the BR concept is interpreted differently in each location, producing distinct expectations, practices and institutional designs. Learning occurs around common themes – human-environment relationships, actors and governance arrangements, and skills to navigate BR work – but is expressed very differently in each BR. The position of BRs ‘in between’ social, ecological and economic goals; local places and global networks; and government, private and civil society sectors, provides a valuable space for participants to learn to live with social-ecological complexity. We discuss our results in terms of their contribution to three pressing concerns in sustainability science: (i) power and politics in learning for sustainability, (ii) intermediaries and bridging organizations in multi-level governance, and (iii) reflexivity and knowledge-action relationships. Our comparative hermeneutic approach makes a novel methodological contribution to interpretive studies of sustainability policy and governance.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"nisar-childrenofalessergodadministrativeburdenandsocialequityincitizenstateinteractions-2018\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093/jopart/mux025\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'nisar-childrenofalessergodadministrativeburdenandsocialequityincitizenstateinteractions-2018', 'https://doi.org/10.1093/jopart/mux025', event);\">\n    Children of a Lesser God: Administrative Burden and Social Equity in Citizen–State Interactions.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Nisar, M. A\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  <i>Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory</i>, 28(1): 104–119. January 2018.\n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093/jopart/mux025\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('nisar-childrenofalessergodadministrativeburdenandsocialequityincitizenstateinteractions-2018', 'https://doi.org/10.1093/jopart/mux025', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"Children of a Lesser God: Administrative Burden and Social Equity in Citizen–State Interactions [link]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.org/10.1093/jopart/mux025\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('nisar-childrenofalessergodadministrativeburdenandsocialequityincitizenstateinteractions-2018', 'http://doi.org/10.1093/jopart/mux025', event.ctrlKey)\"\n     class=\"bibbase doi link\">\n    <span>doi</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/nisar-childrenofalessergodadministrativeburdenandsocialequityincitizenstateinteractions-2018\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('nisar-childrenofalessergodadministrativeburdenandsocialequityincitizenstateinteractions-2018')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@article{nisar_children_2018,\n\ttitle = {Children of a {Lesser} {God}: {Administrative} {Burden} and {Social} {Equity} in {Citizen}–{State} {Interactions}},\n\tvolume = {28},\n\tissn = {1053-1858},\n\turl = {https://doi.org/10.1093/jopart/mux025},\n\tdoi = {10.1093/jopart/mux025},\n\tabstract = {An important research agenda in public administration is to investigate how formal and realized public policy influences the lives of marginalized social groups. Recently, reinvigorated research on administrative burden can make useful contributions to this line of inquiry. Using ethnographic research methods, this article analyzes administrative burden experienced by the Khawaja Sira—individuals culturally defined as neither men nor women—of Pakistan in getting a legal ID. In doing so, this article contributes to a better understanding of the role played by third parties, administrative behavior and social factors play in influencing the level of administrative burden and social inequity for genderqueer groups.},\n\tnumber = {1},\n\turldate = {2024-12-08},\n\tjournal = {Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory},\n\tauthor = {Nisar, Muhammad A},\n\tmonth = jan,\n\tyear = {2018},\n\tpages = {104--119},\n}\n\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  An important research agenda in public administration is to investigate how formal and realized public policy influences the lives of marginalized social groups. Recently, reinvigorated research on administrative burden can make useful contributions to this line of inquiry. Using ethnographic research methods, this article analyzes administrative burden experienced by the Khawaja Sira—individuals culturally defined as neither men nor women—of Pakistan in getting a legal ID. In doing so, this article contributes to a better understanding of the role played by third parties, administrative behavior and social factors play in influencing the level of administrative burden and social inequity for genderqueer groups.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"matthews-rutherfoord-connelly-richardson-durose-vanderhoven-everydaystoriesofimpactinterpretingknowledgeexchangeinthecontemporaryuniversity-2018\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"https://bristoluniversitypressdigital.com/view/journals/evp/14/04/article-p665.xml\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'matthews-rutherfoord-connelly-richardson-durose-vanderhoven-everydaystoriesofimpactinterpretingknowledgeexchangeinthecontemporaryuniversity-2018', 'https://bristoluniversitypressdigital.com/view/journals/evp/14/04/article-p665.xml', event);\">\n    Everyday stories of impact: interpreting knowledge exchange in the contemporary university.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Matthews, P.; Rutherfoord, R.; Connelly, S.; Richardson, L.; Durose, C.;  and Vanderhoven, D.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  <i>Evidence and Policy: A Journal of Research, Debate and Practice</i>, 14(04): 665 – 682.  2018.\n  <span class=\"note\">Place: Bristol, UK Publisher: Policy Press</span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"https://bristoluniversitypressdigital.com/view/journals/evp/14/04/article-p665.xml\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('matthews-rutherfoord-connelly-richardson-durose-vanderhoven-everydaystoriesofimpactinterpretingknowledgeexchangeinthecontemporaryuniversity-2018', 'https://bristoluniversitypressdigital.com/view/journals/evp/14/04/article-p665.xml', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"Everyday stories of impact: interpreting knowledge exchange in the contemporary university [link]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.org/10.1332/174426417X14982110094140\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('matthews-rutherfoord-connelly-richardson-durose-vanderhoven-everydaystoriesofimpactinterpretingknowledgeexchangeinthecontemporaryuniversity-2018', 'http://doi.org/10.1332/174426417X14982110094140', event.ctrlKey)\"\n     class=\"bibbase doi link\">\n    <span>doi</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/matthews-rutherfoord-connelly-richardson-durose-vanderhoven-everydaystoriesofimpactinterpretingknowledgeexchangeinthecontemporaryuniversity-2018\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('matthews-rutherfoord-connelly-richardson-durose-vanderhoven-everydaystoriesofimpactinterpretingknowledgeexchangeinthecontemporaryuniversity-2018')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@article{matthews_everyday_2018,\n\ttitle = {Everyday stories of impact: interpreting knowledge exchange in the contemporary university},\n\tvolume = {14},\n\turl = {https://bristoluniversitypressdigital.com/view/journals/evp/14/04/article-p665.xml},\n\tdoi = {10.1332/174426417X14982110094140},\n\tnumber = {04},\n\tjournal = {Evidence and Policy: A Journal of Research, Debate and Practice},\n\tauthor = {Matthews, Peter and Rutherfoord, Robert and Connelly, Steve and Richardson, Liz and Durose, Catherine and Vanderhoven, Dave},\n\tyear = {2018},\n\tnote = {Place: Bristol, UK\nPublisher: Policy Press},\n\tpages = {665 -- 682},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"lynch-beyondappeasementinterpretinginterwarpeacemovementsinworldpolitics-2018\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"https://www.cornellpress.cornell.edu/book/9780801435485/beyond-appeasement/#bookTabs=1\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'lynch-beyondappeasementinterpretinginterwarpeacemovementsinworldpolitics-2018', 'https://www.cornellpress.cornell.edu/book/9780801435485/beyond-appeasement/#bookTabs=1', event);\">\n    Beyond Appeasement: Interpreting Interwar Peace Movements in World Politics.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Lynch, C. M.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  Cornell University Press, September 2018.\n  <span class=\"note\">Google-Books-ID: mFhuDwAAQBAJ</span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"https://www.cornellpress.cornell.edu/book/9780801435485/beyond-appeasement/#bookTabs=1\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('lynch-beyondappeasementinterpretinginterwarpeacemovementsinworldpolitics-2018', 'https://www.cornellpress.cornell.edu/book/9780801435485/beyond-appeasement/#bookTabs=1', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"Beyond Appeasement: Interpreting Interwar Peace Movements in World Politics [link]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/lynch-beyondappeasementinterpretinginterwarpeacemovementsinworldpolitics-2018\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('lynch-beyondappeasementinterpretinginterwarpeacemovementsinworldpolitics-2018')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@book{lynch_beyond_2018,\n\ttitle = {Beyond {Appeasement}: {Interpreting} {Interwar} {Peace} {Movements} in {World} {Politics}},\n\tisbn = {978-1-5017-2831-0},\n\tshorttitle = {Beyond {Appeasement}},\n\turl = {https://www.cornellpress.cornell.edu/book/9780801435485/beyond-appeasement/#bookTabs=1},\n\tabstract = {The interwar peace movements were, according to conventional interpretations, naive and ineffective. More seriously, the standard histories have also held that they severely weakened national efforts to resist Nazi Germany and Stalinist Russia. Cecelia Lynch provides a long-overdue reevaluation of these movements. Throughout the work she challenges these interpretations, particularly regarding the postwar understanding of Realism, which forms the basis of core assumptions in international relations theory.The Realist account labels support for interwar peace movements as idealist. It holds that this support—largely pacifist in Britain, largely isolationist in the United States—led to overreliance on the League of Nations, appeasement, and eventually the onset of global war. Through a careful examination of both the social history of the peace movements and the diplomatic history of the interwar era, Lynch uncovers the serious contradictions as well as the systematic limitations of Realist understanding and outlines the making of the structure of the world community that would emerge from the war.Lynch focuses on the construction of the United Nations as evidence that the conventional history is incomplete as well as misleading. She brings to light the role of social movements in the formation of the normative underpinnings of the U.N., thus requiring scholars to rethink their understanding of the repercussions of the interwar experience as well as the significance of social movements for international life.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tpublisher = {Cornell University Press},\n\tauthor = {Lynch, Cecelia M.},\n\tmonth = sep,\n\tyear = {2018},\n\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: mFhuDwAAQBAJ},\n\tkeywords = {History / Modern / 20th Century / General, Political Science / History \\&amp; Theory, Political Science / Peace},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  The interwar peace movements were, according to conventional interpretations, naive and ineffective. More seriously, the standard histories have also held that they severely weakened national efforts to resist Nazi Germany and Stalinist Russia. Cecelia Lynch provides a long-overdue reevaluation of these movements. Throughout the work she challenges these interpretations, particularly regarding the postwar understanding of Realism, which forms the basis of core assumptions in international relations theory.The Realist account labels support for interwar peace movements as idealist. It holds that this support—largely pacifist in Britain, largely isolationist in the United States—led to overreliance on the League of Nations, appeasement, and eventually the onset of global war. Through a careful examination of both the social history of the peace movements and the diplomatic history of the interwar era, Lynch uncovers the serious contradictions as well as the systematic limitations of Realist understanding and outlines the making of the structure of the world community that would emerge from the war.Lynch focuses on the construction of the United Nations as evidence that the conventional history is incomplete as well as misleading. She brings to light the role of social movements in the formation of the normative underpinnings of the U.N., thus requiring scholars to rethink their understanding of the repercussions of the interwar experience as well as the significance of social movements for international life.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"leong-mukhtarov-globaliwrmideasandlocalcontextstudyingnarrativesinruralcambodia-2018\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/10/11/1643\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'leong-mukhtarov-globaliwrmideasandlocalcontextstudyingnarrativesinruralcambodia-2018', 'https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/10/11/1643', event);\">\n    Global IWRM Ideas and Local Context: Studying Narratives in Rural Cambodia.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Leong, C.;  and Mukhtarov, F.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  <i>Water</i>, 10(11): 1643. November 2018.\n  <span class=\"note\">Number: 11 Publisher: Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute</span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/10/11/1643\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('leong-mukhtarov-globaliwrmideasandlocalcontextstudyingnarrativesinruralcambodia-2018', 'https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/10/11/1643', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"Global IWRM Ideas and Local Context: Studying Narratives in Rural Cambodia [link]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.org/10.3390/w10111643\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('leong-mukhtarov-globaliwrmideasandlocalcontextstudyingnarrativesinruralcambodia-2018', 'http://doi.org/10.3390/w10111643', event.ctrlKey)\"\n     class=\"bibbase doi link\">\n    <span>doi</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/leong-mukhtarov-globaliwrmideasandlocalcontextstudyingnarrativesinruralcambodia-2018\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('leong-mukhtarov-globaliwrmideasandlocalcontextstudyingnarrativesinruralcambodia-2018')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@article{leong_global_2018,\n\ttitle = {Global {IWRM} {Ideas} and {Local} {Context}: {Studying} {Narratives} in {Rural} {Cambodia}},\n\tvolume = {10},\n\tcopyright = {http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/},\n\tissn = {2073-4441},\n\tshorttitle = {Global {IWRM} {Ideas} and {Local} {Context}},\n\turl = {https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/10/11/1643},\n\tdoi = {10.3390/w10111643},\n\tabstract = {This article investigates how the “constructivist turn” in public policy and international political economy informs the interaction of global ideas and local practice in water governance. We use the implementation of ideas associated with Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM) in the Lower Mekong river basin. This article provides some explanation of the attitudes in the villages in Cambodia due to the Sesan 2 Dam, which would see the relocation of thousands of people, damage fisheries, and inflict high coping costs on villagers. Based on 24 in-depth interviews with villagers, commune heads and local community leaders, we find diverse narratives which transcend the “pro or anti” dam narrative. We find four narrative types—myths, stories, noise and informed opinion, which relate to each other in degrees of social meaning and ideational force. Of these, the first two are more likely to be useful in terms of mobilization and policy-making. This typology provides a framework for analysis of social change in the studied villages and other contexts of policy translation. We should state that these four types are not separate from each other but are linked along two axis which together conscribe the four types of narratives outlined.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {11},\n\turldate = {2024-08-12},\n\tjournal = {Water},\n\tauthor = {Leong, Ching and Mukhtarov, Farhad},\n\tmonth = nov,\n\tyear = {2018},\n\tnote = {Number: 11\nPublisher: Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute},\n\tkeywords = {Cambodia, dam, environmental narratives, lived experiences, local communities},\n\tpages = {1643},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  This article investigates how the “constructivist turn” in public policy and international political economy informs the interaction of global ideas and local practice in water governance. We use the implementation of ideas associated with Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM) in the Lower Mekong river basin. This article provides some explanation of the attitudes in the villages in Cambodia due to the Sesan 2 Dam, which would see the relocation of thousands of people, damage fisheries, and inflict high coping costs on villagers. Based on 24 in-depth interviews with villagers, commune heads and local community leaders, we find diverse narratives which transcend the “pro or anti” dam narrative. We find four narrative types—myths, stories, noise and informed opinion, which relate to each other in degrees of social meaning and ideational force. Of these, the first two are more likely to be useful in terms of mobilization and policy-making. This typology provides a framework for analysis of social change in the studied villages and other contexts of policy translation. We should state that these four types are not separate from each other but are linked along two axis which together conscribe the four types of narratives outlined.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"hand-producingavisionoftheselfgoverningmotherastudyofstreetlevelbureaucratbehaviorincoproductiveinteractions-2018\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1177/0095399717719110\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'hand-producingavisionoftheselfgoverningmotherastudyofstreetlevelbureaucratbehaviorincoproductiveinteractions-2018', 'https://doi.org/10.1177/0095399717719110', event);\">\n    Producing a Vision of the Self-Governing Mother: A Study of Street-Level Bureaucrat Behavior in Coproductive Interactions.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Hand, L. C.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  <i>Administration & Society</i>, 50(8): 1148–1174. September 2018.\n  <span class=\"note\">Publisher: SAGE Publications Inc</span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1177/0095399717719110\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('hand-producingavisionoftheselfgoverningmotherastudyofstreetlevelbureaucratbehaviorincoproductiveinteractions-2018', 'https://doi.org/10.1177/0095399717719110', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"Producing a Vision of the Self-Governing Mother: A Study of Street-Level Bureaucrat Behavior in Coproductive Interactions [link]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.org/10.1177/0095399717719110\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('hand-producingavisionoftheselfgoverningmotherastudyofstreetlevelbureaucratbehaviorincoproductiveinteractions-2018', 'http://doi.org/10.1177/0095399717719110', event.ctrlKey)\"\n     class=\"bibbase doi link\">\n    <span>doi</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/hand-producingavisionoftheselfgoverningmotherastudyofstreetlevelbureaucratbehaviorincoproductiveinteractions-2018\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('hand-producingavisionoftheselfgoverningmotherastudyofstreetlevelbureaucratbehaviorincoproductiveinteractions-2018')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@article{hand_producing_2018,\n\ttitle = {Producing a {Vision} of the {Self}-{Governing} {Mother}: {A} {Study} of {Street}-{Level} {Bureaucrat} {Behavior} in {Coproductive} {Interactions}},\n\tvolume = {50},\n\tissn = {0095-3997},\n\tshorttitle = {Producing a {Vision} of the {Self}-{Governing} {Mother}},\n\turl = {https://doi.org/10.1177/0095399717719110},\n\tdoi = {10.1177/0095399717719110},\n\tabstract = {Street-level bureaucrats in social welfare programs often interact with program participants in coproductive environments where program objectives cannot be achieved without participant behavior change. In these environments, interactions are expected to help produce participant outcomes, a process that has been underexamined. This study investigates interactions and analyzes practices employed by street-level bureaucrats to encourage behavior change among program participants in two clinics in Arizona’s Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC). The findings suggest that communicative practices related to encouraging self-efficacy and recognizing participant autonomy produce a mutually understood vision of a self-governing mother who is knowledgeable, disciplined, persistent, and a creative problem-solver.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {8},\n\turldate = {2024-08-11},\n\tjournal = {Administration \\&amp; Society},\n\tauthor = {Hand, Laura C.},\n\tmonth = sep,\n\tyear = {2018},\n\tnote = {Publisher: SAGE Publications Inc},\n\tpages = {1148--1174},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  Street-level bureaucrats in social welfare programs often interact with program participants in coproductive environments where program objectives cannot be achieved without participant behavior change. In these environments, interactions are expected to help produce participant outcomes, a process that has been underexamined. This study investigates interactions and analyzes practices employed by street-level bureaucrats to encourage behavior change among program participants in two clinics in Arizona’s Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC). The findings suggest that communicative practices related to encouraging self-efficacy and recognizing participant autonomy produce a mutually understood vision of a self-governing mother who is knowledgeable, disciplined, persistent, and a creative problem-solver.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"cheesman-ruleoflawethnography-2018\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"https://www.annualreviews.org/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-lawsocsci-101317-030900\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'cheesman-ruleoflawethnography-2018', 'https://www.annualreviews.org/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-lawsocsci-101317-030900', event);\">\n    Rule-of-Law Ethnography.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Cheesman, N.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  <i>Annual Review of Law and Social Science</i>, 14(Volume 14, 2018): 167–184. October 2018.\n  <span class=\"note\">Publisher: Annual Reviews</span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"https://www.annualreviews.org/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-lawsocsci-101317-030900\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('cheesman-ruleoflawethnography-2018', 'https://www.annualreviews.org/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-lawsocsci-101317-030900', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"Rule-of-Law Ethnography [link]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-lawsocsci-101317-030900\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('cheesman-ruleoflawethnography-2018', 'http://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-lawsocsci-101317-030900', event.ctrlKey)\"\n     class=\"bibbase doi link\">\n    <span>doi</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/cheesman-ruleoflawethnography-2018\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('cheesman-ruleoflawethnography-2018')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@article{cheesman_rule--law_2018,\n\ttitle = {Rule-of-{Law} {Ethnography}},\n\tvolume = {14},\n\tissn = {1550-3585, 1550-3631},\n\turl = {https://www.annualreviews.org/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-lawsocsci-101317-030900},\n\tdoi = {10.1146/annurev-lawsocsci-101317-030900},\n\tabstract = {This review outlines an emerging agenda for ethnographic interpretation of the rule of law. From a survey of studies done on the rule of law in Africa, Asia, Europe, and the Americas, the review identifies four general characteristics of this mode of inquiry, namely, that it is located, relational, and comparative and has extrinsic value. It offers three nonexhaustive reasons for interpreting the rule of law ethnographically, which are as a counterhegemonic practice, in response to counterintuitive observations, and as a means to do constitutive theorizing. Contending that ethnographic work on the rule of law involves some kind of stance toward both research subjects and object of inquiry, the review advocates for the exercise of passionate humility: a conviction about the rule of law tempered by willingness to be proven wrong through inquiries in critical proximity with socially and politically mediated facts. Rule-of-law ethnography\\&amp;apos;s possibility lies in its attending to the relationship between what is claimed in the rule of law\\&amp;apos;s name and what is realized, not to make the idea look foolish, but to show how it emerges and why it persists through struggle.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {Volume 14, 2018},\n\turldate = {2024-08-11},\n\tjournal = {Annual Review of Law and Social Science},\n\tauthor = {Cheesman, Nick},\n\tmonth = oct,\n\tyear = {2018},\n\tnote = {Publisher: Annual Reviews},\n\tpages = {167--184},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  This review outlines an emerging agenda for ethnographic interpretation of the rule of law. From a survey of studies done on the rule of law in Africa, Asia, Europe, and the Americas, the review identifies four general characteristics of this mode of inquiry, namely, that it is located, relational, and comparative and has extrinsic value. It offers three nonexhaustive reasons for interpreting the rule of law ethnographically, which are as a counterhegemonic practice, in response to counterintuitive observations, and as a means to do constitutive theorizing. Contending that ethnographic work on the rule of law involves some kind of stance toward both research subjects and object of inquiry, the review advocates for the exercise of passionate humility: a conviction about the rule of law tempered by willingness to be proven wrong through inquiries in critical proximity with socially and politically mediated facts. Rule-of-law ethnography&apos;s possibility lies in its attending to the relationship between what is claimed in the rule of law&apos;s name and what is realized, not to make the idea look foolish, but to show how it emerges and why it persists through struggle.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"fujii-interviewinginsocialscienceresearcharelationalapproach-2018\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"https://www.routledge.com/Interviewing-in-Social-Science-Research-A-Relational-Approach/Fujii/p/book/9780415843744\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'fujii-interviewinginsocialscienceresearcharelationalapproach-2018', 'https://www.routledge.com/Interviewing-in-Social-Science-Research-A-Relational-Approach/Fujii/p/book/9780415843744', event);\">\n    Interviewing in Social Science Research: a Relational Approach.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Fujii, L. A.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n   of Routledge series on interpretive methodsRoutledge, New York, NY ; Abingdon, Oxon,  2018.\n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"https://www.routledge.com/Interviewing-in-Social-Science-Research-A-Relational-Approach/Fujii/p/book/9780415843744\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('fujii-interviewinginsocialscienceresearcharelationalapproach-2018', 'https://www.routledge.com/Interviewing-in-Social-Science-Research-A-Relational-Approach/Fujii/p/book/9780415843744', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"Interviewing in Social Science Research: a Relational Approach [link]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/fujii-interviewinginsocialscienceresearcharelationalapproach-2018\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('fujii-interviewinginsocialscienceresearcharelationalapproach-2018')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@book{fujii_interviewing_2018,\n\taddress = {New York, NY ; Abingdon, Oxon},\n\tseries = {Routledge series on interpretive methods},\n\ttitle = {Interviewing in {Social} {Science} {Research}: a {Relational} {Approach}},\n\tisbn = {978-0-415-84372-0 978-0-415-84374-4},\n\tshorttitle = {Interviewing in social science research},\n\turl = {https://www.routledge.com/Interviewing-in-Social-Science-Research-A-Relational-Approach/Fujii/p/book/9780415843744},\n\tpublisher = {Routledge},\n\tauthor = {Fujii, Lee Ann},\n\tyear = {2018},\n\tkeywords = {Interviewing, Interviewing in sociology},\n}\n\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"clark-cavatorta-politicalscienceresearchinthemiddleeastandnorthafricamethodologicalandethicalchallenges-2018\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"https://academic.oup.com/book/8759\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'clark-cavatorta-politicalscienceresearchinthemiddleeastandnorthafricamethodologicalandethicalchallenges-2018', 'https://academic.oup.com/book/8759', event);\">\n    Political Science Research in the Middle East and North Africa: Methodological and Ethical Challenges.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Clark, J. A.;  and Cavatorta, F.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK,  2018.\n  <span class=\"note\">Google-Books-ID: ZxRbDwAAQBAJ</span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"https://academic.oup.com/book/8759\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('clark-cavatorta-politicalscienceresearchinthemiddleeastandnorthafricamethodologicalandethicalchallenges-2018', 'https://academic.oup.com/book/8759', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"Political Science Research in the Middle East and North Africa: Methodological and Ethical Challenges [link]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/clark-cavatorta-politicalscienceresearchinthemiddleeastandnorthafricamethodologicalandethicalchallenges-2018\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('clark-cavatorta-politicalscienceresearchinthemiddleeastandnorthafricamethodologicalandethicalchallenges-2018')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@book{clark_political_2018,\n\taddress = {Oxford, UK},\n\ttitle = {Political {Science} {Research} in the {Middle} {East} and {North} {Africa}: {Methodological} and {Ethical} {Challenges}},\n\tisbn = {978-0-19-088296-9},\n\tshorttitle = {Political {Science} {Research} in the {Middle} {East} and {North} {Africa}},\n\turl = {https://academic.oup.com/book/8759},\n\tabstract = {In conducting political science research today, one&#x27;s methodology is of paramount concern. Yet, despite the obvious chasm between theory and practice that all scholars experience in the field, there are no specific guidebooks on meeting the methodological and ethical challenges that fieldwork presents. Political Science Research in the Middle East and North Africa helps fill this vacuum, focusing specifically on doing research in the one of the most important regions in contemporary world politics. Janine A. Clark and Francesco Cavatorta have gathered together a large and diverse group of researchers who study the region and focus on methodological &quot;lessons learned&quot; from their first hand experiences of employing a variety of research methods while conducting fieldwork. The contributors also look at the challenges of conducting field research in a variety of contexts, such as in areas of violence, and using research methods such as interviewing and ethnography. This volume will therefore be an invaluable companion book to more standard methods books and a useful tool, not just for Middle East scholars, but for all researchers conducting research in complex settings.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tpublisher = {Oxford University Press},\n\tauthor = {Clark, Janine A. and Cavatorta, Francesco},\n\tyear = {2018},\n\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: ZxRbDwAAQBAJ},\n\tkeywords = {Political Science / General, Political Science / International Relations / General, Political Science / World / African, Political Science / World / Middle Eastern, Reference / Research, Social Science / Islamic Studies},\n}\n\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  In conducting political science research today, one's methodology is of paramount concern. Yet, despite the obvious chasm between theory and practice that all scholars experience in the field, there are no specific guidebooks on meeting the methodological and ethical challenges that fieldwork presents. Political Science Research in the Middle East and North Africa helps fill this vacuum, focusing specifically on doing research in the one of the most important regions in contemporary world politics. Janine A. Clark and Francesco Cavatorta have gathered together a large and diverse group of researchers who study the region and focus on methodological \"lessons learned\" from their first hand experiences of employing a variety of research methods while conducting fieldwork. The contributors also look at the challenges of conducting field research in a variety of contexts, such as in areas of violence, and using research methods such as interviewing and ethnography. This volume will therefore be an invaluable companion book to more standard methods books and a useful tool, not just for Middle East scholars, but for all researchers conducting research in complex settings.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n\n\n\n    </div>\n  </div>\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_group_whole\" id=\"group_2017\">\n    <div class=\"bibbase_group\"\n      onclick=\"toggleGroup('group_2017')\"\n      onkeypress=\"toggleGroup('group_2017')\"\n      tabindex=\"0\">\n      <i class=\"fa fa-angle-down bibbase_group_head_icon\"></i>&nbsp;\n      <span>2017</span>\n      <span class=\"bibbase_group_count\">\n        \n        (22)\n        \n      </span>\n    </div>\n    <div class=\"bibbase_group_body\">\n      \n  \n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"fishel-themicrobialstateglobalthrivingandthebodypolitic-2017\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.5749/j.ctt1pwt5z8\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'fishel-themicrobialstateglobalthrivingandthebodypolitic-2017', 'http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.5749/j.ctt1pwt5z8', event);\">\n    The Microbial State: Global Thriving and the Body Politic.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Fishel, S. R.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  University of Minnesota Press,  2017.\n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.5749/j.ctt1pwt5z8\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('fishel-themicrobialstateglobalthrivingandthebodypolitic-2017', 'http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.5749/j.ctt1pwt5z8', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"The Microbial State: Global Thriving and the Body Politic [link]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.org/10.5749/j.ctt1pwt5z8\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('fishel-themicrobialstateglobalthrivingandthebodypolitic-2017', 'http://doi.org/10.5749/j.ctt1pwt5z8', event.ctrlKey)\"\n     class=\"bibbase doi link\">\n    <span>doi</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/fishel-themicrobialstateglobalthrivingandthebodypolitic-2017\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('fishel-themicrobialstateglobalthrivingandthebodypolitic-2017')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@book{fishel_microbial_2017,\n\ttitle = {The {Microbial} {State}: {Global} {Thriving} and the {Body} {Politic}},\n\tisbn = {978-1-5179-0013-7},\n\turl = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.5749/j.ctt1pwt5z8},\n\tabstract = {pFor three centuries, concepts of the state have been animated by one of the most powerful metaphors in politics: the body politic, a claustrophobic and bounded image of sovereignty. Climate change, neoliberalism, mass migration, and other aspects of the late Anthropocene have increasingly revealed the limitations of this metaphor. Just as the human body is not whole and separate from other bodies-comprising microbes, bacteria, water, and radioactive isotopes-Stefanie R. Fishel argues that the body politic of the state exists in dense entanglement with other communities and forms of life. /p pDrawing on insights from continental philosophy, science and technology studies, and international relations theory, this path-breaking book critiques the concept of the body politic on the grounds of its very materiality. Fishel both redefines and extends the metaphor of the body politic and its role in understanding an increasingly posthuman, globalized world politics. By conceiving of bodies and states as lively vessels, living harmoniously with multiplicity and the biosphere, she argues that a radical shift in metaphors can challenge a politics based on fear to open new forms of global political practice and community. /p pReframing the concept of the body politic to accommodate greater levels of complexity, Fishel suggests, will result in new configurations for the political and social organization necessary to build a world in which the planet&#x27;s inhabitants do not merely live but actively thrive./p},\n\turldate = {2024-08-14},\n\tpublisher = {University of Minnesota Press},\n\tauthor = {Fishel, Stefanie R.},\n\tyear = {2017},\n\tdoi = {10.5749/j.ctt1pwt5z8},\n}\n\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  pFor three centuries, concepts of the state have been animated by one of the most powerful metaphors in politics: the body politic, a claustrophobic and bounded image of sovereignty. Climate change, neoliberalism, mass migration, and other aspects of the late Anthropocene have increasingly revealed the limitations of this metaphor. Just as the human body is not whole and separate from other bodies-comprising microbes, bacteria, water, and radioactive isotopes-Stefanie R. Fishel argues that the body politic of the state exists in dense entanglement with other communities and forms of life. /p pDrawing on insights from continental philosophy, science and technology studies, and international relations theory, this path-breaking book critiques the concept of the body politic on the grounds of its very materiality. Fishel both redefines and extends the metaphor of the body politic and its role in understanding an increasingly posthuman, globalized world politics. By conceiving of bodies and states as lively vessels, living harmoniously with multiplicity and the biosphere, she argues that a radical shift in metaphors can challenge a politics based on fear to open new forms of global political practice and community. /p pReframing the concept of the body politic to accommodate greater levels of complexity, Fishel suggests, will result in new configurations for the political and social organization necessary to build a world in which the planet's inhabitants do not merely live but actively thrive./p\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"pasternak-groundedauthoritythealgonquinsofbarrierelakeagainstthestate-2017\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.5749/j.ctt1pv88w3\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'pasternak-groundedauthoritythealgonquinsofbarrierelakeagainstthestate-2017', 'http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.5749/j.ctt1pv88w3', event);\">\n    Grounded Authority: The Algonquins of Barriere Lake against the State.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Pasternak, S.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  University of Minnesota Press,  2017.\n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.5749/j.ctt1pv88w3\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('pasternak-groundedauthoritythealgonquinsofbarrierelakeagainstthestate-2017', 'http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.5749/j.ctt1pv88w3', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"Grounded Authority: The Algonquins of Barriere Lake against the State [link]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/pasternak-groundedauthoritythealgonquinsofbarrierelakeagainstthestate-2017\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('pasternak-groundedauthoritythealgonquinsofbarrierelakeagainstthestate-2017')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@book{pasternak_grounded_2017,\n\ttitle = {Grounded {Authority}: {The} {Algonquins} of {Barriere} {Lake} against the {State}},\n\tisbn = {978-0-8166-9834-9},\n\turl = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.5749/j.ctt1pv88w3},\n\tabstract = {Since Justin Trudeau&#x27;s election in 2015, Canada has been hailed internationally as embarking on a truly progressive, post-postcolonial era-including an improved relationship between the state and its Indigenous peoples. Shiri Pasternak corrects this misconception, showing that colonialism is very much alive in Canada. From the perspective of Indigenous law and jurisdiction, she tells the story of the Algonquins of Barriere Lake, in western Quebec, and their tireless resistance to federal land claims policy.  {\\textless}em{\\textgreater}Grounded Authority{\\textless}/em{\\textgreater}chronicles the band&#x27;s ongoing attempts to restore full governance over its lands and natural resources through an agreement signed by settler governments almost three decades ago-an agreement the state refuses to fully implement. Pasternak argues that the state&#x27;s aversion to recognizing Algonquin jurisdiction stems from its goal of perfecting its sovereignty by replacing the inherent jurisdiction of Indigenous peoples with its own, delegated authority. From police brutality and fabricated sexual abuse cases to an intervention into and overthrow of a customary government, Pasternak provides a compelling, richly detailed account of rarely documented coercive mechanisms employed to force Indigenous communities into compliance with federal policy.  A rigorous account of the incredible struggle fought by the Algonquins to maintain responsibility over their territory,{\\textless}em{\\textgreater}Grounded Authority{\\textless}/em{\\textgreater}provides a powerful alternative model to one nation&#x27;s land claims policy and a vital contribution to current debates in the study of colonialism and Indigenous peoples in North America and globally.},\n\turldate = {2024-08-14},\n\tpublisher = {University of Minnesota Press},\n\tauthor = {Pasternak, Shiri},\n\tyear = {2017},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  Since Justin Trudeau's election in 2015, Canada has been hailed internationally as embarking on a truly progressive, post-postcolonial era-including an improved relationship between the state and its Indigenous peoples. Shiri Pasternak corrects this misconception, showing that colonialism is very much alive in Canada. From the perspective of Indigenous law and jurisdiction, she tells the story of the Algonquins of Barriere Lake, in western Quebec, and their tireless resistance to federal land claims policy. \\textlessem\\textgreaterGrounded Authority\\textless/em\\textgreaterchronicles the band's ongoing attempts to restore full governance over its lands and natural resources through an agreement signed by settler governments almost three decades ago-an agreement the state refuses to fully implement. Pasternak argues that the state's aversion to recognizing Algonquin jurisdiction stems from its goal of perfecting its sovereignty by replacing the inherent jurisdiction of Indigenous peoples with its own, delegated authority. From police brutality and fabricated sexual abuse cases to an intervention into and overthrow of a customary government, Pasternak provides a compelling, richly detailed account of rarely documented coercive mechanisms employed to force Indigenous communities into compliance with federal policy. A rigorous account of the incredible struggle fought by the Algonquins to maintain responsibility over their territory,\\textlessem\\textgreaterGrounded Authority\\textless/em\\textgreaterprovides a powerful alternative model to one nation's land claims policy and a vital contribution to current debates in the study of colonialism and Indigenous peoples in North America and globally.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"zacka-whenthestatemeetsthestreetpublicserviceandmoralagency-2017\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  When the State Meets the Street: Public Service and Moral Agency.\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Zacka, B.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  Harvard University Press, September 2017.\n  <span class=\"note\">Google-Books-ID: 3KdFDwAAQBAJ</span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/zacka-whenthestatemeetsthestreetpublicserviceandmoralagency-2017\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('zacka-whenthestatemeetsthestreetpublicserviceandmoralagency-2017')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@book{zacka_when_2017,\n\ttitle = {When the {State} {Meets} the {Street}: {Public} {Service} and {Moral} {Agency}},\n\tisbn = {978-0-674-54554-0},\n\tshorttitle = {When the {State} {Meets} the {Street}},\n\tabstract = {Bernardo Zacka probes the complex moral lives of street-level bureaucratsÑthe frontline social and welfare workers, police officers, and educators who represent governmentÕs human face to ordinary citizens. Too often dismissed as soulless operators, these workers wield significant discretion and make decisions that profoundly affect peopleÕs lives.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tpublisher = {Harvard University Press},\n\tauthor = {Zacka, Bernardo},\n\tmonth = sep,\n\tyear = {2017},\n\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: 3KdFDwAAQBAJ},\n\tkeywords = {Philosophy / Ethics \\&amp; Moral Philosophy, Philosophy / Political, Political Science / American Government / Local, Political Science / History \\&amp; Theory, Political Science / Public Affairs \\&amp; Administration, Political Science / Public Policy / Social Services \\&amp; Welfare},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  Bernardo Zacka probes the complex moral lives of street-level bureaucratsÑthe frontline social and welfare workers, police officers, and educators who represent governmentÕs human face to ordinary citizens. Too often dismissed as soulless operators, these workers wield significant discretion and make decisions that profoundly affect peopleÕs lives.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"fujii-therealproblemwithdiversityinpoliticalscience-2017\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"https://www.duckofminerva.com/2017/04/the-real-problem-with-diversity-in-political-science.html\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'fujii-therealproblemwithdiversityinpoliticalscience-2017', 'https://www.duckofminerva.com/2017/04/the-real-problem-with-diversity-in-political-science.html', event);\">\n    The Real Problem with Diversity in Political Science.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Fujii, L. A.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  April 2017.\n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"https://www.duckofminerva.com/2017/04/the-real-problem-with-diversity-in-political-science.html\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('fujii-therealproblemwithdiversityinpoliticalscience-2017', 'https://www.duckofminerva.com/2017/04/the-real-problem-with-diversity-in-political-science.html', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"The Real Problem with Diversity in Political Science [link]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/fujii-therealproblemwithdiversityinpoliticalscience-2017\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('fujii-therealproblemwithdiversityinpoliticalscience-2017')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@misc{fujii_real_2017,\n\ttitle = {The {Real} {Problem} with {Diversity} in {Political} {Science}},\n\turl = {https://www.duckofminerva.com/2017/04/the-real-problem-with-diversity-in-political-science.html},\n\tabstract = {This is a guest post by Lee Ann Fujii, Associate Professor at the University of Toronto, and currently a Member Scholar of the Institute for Advanced Study. This post is based on the keynote addres…},\n\tlanguage = {en-US},\n\turldate = {2024-08-14},\n\tjournal = {The Duck of Minerva},\n\tauthor = {Fujii, Lee Ann},\n\tmonth = apr,\n\tyear = {2017},\n}\n\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  This is a guest post by Lee Ann Fujii, Associate Professor at the University of Toronto, and currently a Member Scholar of the Institute for Advanced Study. This post is based on the keynote addres…\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"fujii-theprehistoryofthemuslimban-2017\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"https://www.publicbooks.org/the-prehistory-of-the-muslim-ban/\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'fujii-theprehistoryofthemuslimban-2017', 'https://www.publicbooks.org/the-prehistory-of-the-muslim-ban/', event);\">\n    The Prehistory of the Muslim Ban.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Fujii, L. A.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  March 2017.\n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"https://www.publicbooks.org/the-prehistory-of-the-muslim-ban/\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('fujii-theprehistoryofthemuslimban-2017', 'https://www.publicbooks.org/the-prehistory-of-the-muslim-ban/', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"The Prehistory of the Muslim Ban [link]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/fujii-theprehistoryofthemuslimban-2017\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('fujii-theprehistoryofthemuslimban-2017')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@misc{fujii_prehistory_2017,\n\ttitle = {The {Prehistory} of the {Muslim} {Ban}},\n\turl = {https://www.publicbooks.org/the-prehistory-of-the-muslim-ban/},\n\tabstract = {Banning all Muslims was a popular campaign slogan for then-candidate Donald Trump. People cheered at the simple logic: all Muslims pose a ...},\n\tlanguage = {en-US},\n\turldate = {2024-08-14},\n\tjournal = {Public Books},\n\tauthor = {Fujii, Lee Ann},\n\tmonth = mar,\n\tyear = {2017},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  Banning all Muslims was a popular campaign slogan for then-candidate Donald Trump. People cheered at the simple logic: all Muslims pose a ...\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"burrell-morgan-sociologicalparadigmsandorganisationalanalysiselementsofthesociologyofcorporatelife-2017\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/mono/10.4324/9781315242804/sociological-paradigms-organisational-analysis-gibson-burrell-gareth-morgan\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'burrell-morgan-sociologicalparadigmsandorganisationalanalysiselementsofthesociologyofcorporatelife-2017', 'https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/mono/10.4324/9781315242804/sociological-paradigms-organisational-analysis-gibson-burrell-gareth-morgan', event);\">\n    Sociological Paradigms and Organisational Analysis : Elements of the Sociology of Corporate Life.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Burrell, G.;  and Morgan, G.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  Routledge, London, UK, March 2017.\n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/mono/10.4324/9781315242804/sociological-paradigms-organisational-analysis-gibson-burrell-gareth-morgan\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('burrell-morgan-sociologicalparadigmsandorganisationalanalysiselementsofthesociologyofcorporatelife-2017', 'https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/mono/10.4324/9781315242804/sociological-paradigms-organisational-analysis-gibson-burrell-gareth-morgan', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"Sociological Paradigms and Organisational Analysis : Elements of the Sociology of Corporate Life [link]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.org/10.4324/9781315242804\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('burrell-morgan-sociologicalparadigmsandorganisationalanalysiselementsofthesociologyofcorporatelife-2017', 'http://doi.org/10.4324/9781315242804', event.ctrlKey)\"\n     class=\"bibbase doi link\">\n    <span>doi</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/burrell-morgan-sociologicalparadigmsandorganisationalanalysiselementsofthesociologyofcorporatelife-2017\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('burrell-morgan-sociologicalparadigmsandorganisationalanalysiselementsofthesociologyofcorporatelife-2017')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@book{burrell_sociological_2017,\n\taddress = {London, UK},\n\ttitle = {Sociological {Paradigms} and {Organisational} {Analysis} : {Elements} of the {Sociology} of {Corporate} {Life}},\n\tisbn = {978-1-315-24280-4},\n\tshorttitle = {Sociological {Paradigms} and {Organisational} {Analysis}},\n\turl = {https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/mono/10.4324/9781315242804/sociological-paradigms-organisational-analysis-gibson-burrell-gareth-morgan},\n\tabstract = {The authors argue in this book that social theory can usefully be conceived in terms of four broad paradigms, based upon different sets of meta-theoretical assumptions with regard to the nature of social science and the nature of society. The four paradigms - Functionalist, Interpretive, Radical Humanist and Radical Structuralist - derive from quite distinct intellectual traditions, and present four mutually exclusive views of the social work. Each stands in its own right, and generates its own distinctive approach to the analysis of social life. The authors provide extensive reviews of the four paradigms, tracing the evolution and inter-relationships between the various sociological schools of thought within each. They then proceed to relate theories of organisation to this wider background. This book covers a great range of intellectual territory. It makes a number of important contributions to our understanding of sociology and organisational analysis, and will prove an invaluable guide to theorists, researchers and students in a variety of social science disciplines. It stands as a discourse in social theory, drawing upon the general area of organisation studies - industrial sociology, organisation theory, organisational psychology, and industrial relations - as a means of illustrating more general sociological themes. In addition to reviewing and evaluating existing work, it provides a framework for appraising future developments in the area of organisational analysis, and suggests the form which some of these developments are likely to take.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\turldate = {2024-08-13},\n\tpublisher = {Routledge},\n\tauthor = {Burrell, Gibson and Morgan, Gareth},\n\tmonth = mar,\n\tyear = {2017},\n\tdoi = {10.4324/9781315242804},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  The authors argue in this book that social theory can usefully be conceived in terms of four broad paradigms, based upon different sets of meta-theoretical assumptions with regard to the nature of social science and the nature of society. The four paradigms - Functionalist, Interpretive, Radical Humanist and Radical Structuralist - derive from quite distinct intellectual traditions, and present four mutually exclusive views of the social work. Each stands in its own right, and generates its own distinctive approach to the analysis of social life. The authors provide extensive reviews of the four paradigms, tracing the evolution and inter-relationships between the various sociological schools of thought within each. They then proceed to relate theories of organisation to this wider background. This book covers a great range of intellectual territory. It makes a number of important contributions to our understanding of sociology and organisational analysis, and will prove an invaluable guide to theorists, researchers and students in a variety of social science disciplines. It stands as a discourse in social theory, drawing upon the general area of organisation studies - industrial sociology, organisation theory, organisational psychology, and industrial relations - as a means of illustrating more general sociological themes. In addition to reviewing and evaluating existing work, it provides a framework for appraising future developments in the area of organisational analysis, and suggests the form which some of these developments are likely to take.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"yanow-qualitativeinterpretivemethodsinpolicyresearch-2017\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781315093192-41/qualitative-interpretive-methods-policy-research-dvora-yanow\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'yanow-qualitativeinterpretivemethodsinpolicyresearch-2017', 'https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781315093192-41/qualitative-interpretive-methods-policy-research-dvora-yanow', event);\">\n    Qualitative-Interpretive Methods in Policy Research.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Yanow, D.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  In Fischer, F.;  and Miller, G. J., editor(s), <i>Handbook of Public Policy Analysis</i>, pages 431–442. Routledge, New York, NY, September 2017.\n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781315093192-41/qualitative-interpretive-methods-policy-research-dvora-yanow\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('yanow-qualitativeinterpretivemethodsinpolicyresearch-2017', 'https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781315093192-41/qualitative-interpretive-methods-policy-research-dvora-yanow', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"Qualitative-Interpretive Methods in Policy Research [link]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.org/10.4324/9781315093192-41\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('yanow-qualitativeinterpretivemethodsinpolicyresearch-2017', 'http://doi.org/10.4324/9781315093192-41', event.ctrlKey)\"\n     class=\"bibbase doi link\">\n    <span>doi</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/yanow-qualitativeinterpretivemethodsinpolicyresearch-2017\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('yanow-qualitativeinterpretivemethodsinpolicyresearch-2017')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@incollection{yanow_qualitative-interpretive_2017,\n\taddress = {New York, NY},\n\ttitle = {Qualitative-{Interpretive} {Methods} in {Policy} {Research}},\n\tisbn = {978-1-315-09319-2},\n\turl = {https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781315093192-41/qualitative-interpretive-methods-policy-research-dvora-yanow},\n\tabstract = {The use of qualitative methods in policy research is not new. Academic scholars and policy analysts have for some years been venturing out into the “fi eld” as ethnographers or participant-observers to study fi rst-hand the experiences of legislators, implementors, agency clients, community members, and other policy-relevant stakeholders. Others have based qualitative studies on in-depth interviews with various policy actors; and still other studies draw on legislative, agency, and other documents.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\turldate = {2024-08-12},\n\tbooktitle = {Handbook of {Public} {Policy} {Analysis}},\n\tpublisher = {Routledge},\n\tauthor = {Yanow, Dvora},\n\teditor = {Fischer, Frank and Miller, Gerald J.},\n\tmonth = sep,\n\tyear = {2017},\n\tdoi = {10.4324/9781315093192-41},\n\tpages = {431--442},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  The use of qualitative methods in policy research is not new. Academic scholars and policy analysts have for some years been venturing out into the “fi eld” as ethnographers or participant-observers to study fi rst-hand the experiences of legislators, implementors, agency clients, community members, and other policy-relevant stakeholders. Others have based qualitative studies on in-depth interviews with various policy actors; and still other studies draw on legislative, agency, and other documents.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"simmons-smith-comparisonwithanethnographicsensibility-2017\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/ps-political-science-and-politics/article/abs/comparison-with-an-ethnographic-sensibility/8DEDAA6F4EA000AD22A6A434A540393D\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'simmons-smith-comparisonwithanethnographicsensibility-2017', 'https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/ps-political-science-and-politics/article/abs/comparison-with-an-ethnographic-sensibility/8DEDAA6F4EA000AD22A6A434A540393D', event);\">\n    Comparison with an Ethnographic Sensibility.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Simmons, E. S.;  and Smith, N. R.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  <i>PS: Political Science & Politics</i>, 50(1): 126–130. January 2017.\n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/ps-political-science-and-politics/article/abs/comparison-with-an-ethnographic-sensibility/8DEDAA6F4EA000AD22A6A434A540393D\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('simmons-smith-comparisonwithanethnographicsensibility-2017', 'https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/ps-political-science-and-politics/article/abs/comparison-with-an-ethnographic-sensibility/8DEDAA6F4EA000AD22A6A434A540393D', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"Comparison with an Ethnographic Sensibility [link]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.org/10.1017/S1049096516002286\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('simmons-smith-comparisonwithanethnographicsensibility-2017', 'http://doi.org/10.1017/S1049096516002286', event.ctrlKey)\"\n     class=\"bibbase doi link\">\n    <span>doi</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/simmons-smith-comparisonwithanethnographicsensibility-2017\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('simmons-smith-comparisonwithanethnographicsensibility-2017')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@article{simmons_comparison_2017,\n\ttitle = {Comparison with an {Ethnographic} {Sensibility}},\n\tvolume = {50},\n\tissn = {1049-0965, 1537-5935},\n\turl = {https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/ps-political-science-and-politics/article/abs/comparison-with-an-ethnographic-sensibility/8DEDAA6F4EA000AD22A6A434A540393D},\n\tdoi = {10.1017/S1049096516002286},\n\tabstract = {//static.cambridge.org/content/id/urn\\%3Acambridge.org\\%3Aid\\%3Aarticle\\%3AS1049096516002286/resource/name/firstPage-S1049096516002286a.jpg},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {1},\n\turldate = {2024-08-12},\n\tjournal = {PS: Political Science \\&amp; Politics},\n\tauthor = {Simmons, Erica S. and Smith, Nicholas Rush},\n\tmonth = jan,\n\tyear = {2017},\n\tpages = {126--130},\n}\n\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  //static.cambridge.org/content/id/urn%3Acambridge.org%3Aid%3Aarticle%3AS1049096516002286/resource/name/firstPage-S1049096516002286a.jpg\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"scott-againstthegrainadeephistoryoftheearlieststates-2017\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"http://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctv1bvnfk9\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'scott-againstthegrainadeephistoryoftheearlieststates-2017', 'http://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctv1bvnfk9', event);\">\n    Against the Grain: A Deep History of the Earliest States.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Scott, J. C.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  Yale University Press, New Haven, CT,  2017.\n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctv1bvnfk9\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('scott-againstthegrainadeephistoryoftheearlieststates-2017', 'http://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctv1bvnfk9', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"Against the Grain: A Deep History of the Earliest States [link]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv1bvnfk9\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('scott-againstthegrainadeephistoryoftheearlieststates-2017', 'http://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv1bvnfk9', event.ctrlKey)\"\n     class=\"bibbase doi link\">\n    <span>doi</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/scott-againstthegrainadeephistoryoftheearlieststates-2017\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('scott-againstthegrainadeephistoryoftheearlieststates-2017')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@book{scott_against_2017,\n\taddress = {New Haven, CT},\n\ttitle = {Against the {Grain}: {A} {Deep} {History} of the {Earliest} {States}},\n\tisbn = {978-0-300-18291-0},\n\turl = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctv1bvnfk9},\n\turldate = {2024-08-12},\n\tpublisher = {Yale University Press},\n\tauthor = {Scott, James C.},\n\tyear = {2017},\n\tdoi = {10.2307/j.ctv1bvnfk9},\n}\n\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"rhodes-interpretivepoliticalscienceselectedessaysvolumeii-2017\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198786115.001.0001\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'rhodes-interpretivepoliticalscienceselectedessaysvolumeii-2017', 'https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198786115.001.0001', event);\">\n    Interpretive Political Science: Selected Essays, Volume II.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Rhodes, R. A. W.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK, July 2017.\n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198786115.001.0001\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('rhodes-interpretivepoliticalscienceselectedessaysvolumeii-2017', 'https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198786115.001.0001', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"Interpretive Political Science: Selected Essays, Volume II [link]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198786115.001.0001\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('rhodes-interpretivepoliticalscienceselectedessaysvolumeii-2017', 'http://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198786115.001.0001', event.ctrlKey)\"\n     class=\"bibbase doi link\">\n    <span>doi</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/rhodes-interpretivepoliticalscienceselectedessaysvolumeii-2017\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('rhodes-interpretivepoliticalscienceselectedessaysvolumeii-2017')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@book{rhodes_interpretive_2017,\n\taddress = {Oxford, UK},\n\ttitle = {Interpretive {Political} {Science}: {Selected} {Essays}, {Volume} {II}},\n\tisbn = {978-0-19-878611-5},\n\turl = {https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198786115.001.0001},\n\tabstract = {This collection of essays is Volume II in a retrospective of previous publications. It looks forward and explores the ‘interpretive turn’ and its implications for the craft of political science, especially public administration. It draws together articles from 2005 onwards on the theme of ‘the interpretive turn’ in political science. Part I provides a summary statement of the interpretive approach. It provides the context for what follows. Part II develops the theme of blurring genres. It discusses a variety of research methods common in the humanities, including: ethnographic fieldwork, life history, and focus groups. Part III shows how the genres of thought and presentation found in the humanities can be used in political science. It presents four examples of such blurring ‘at work’ with studies of: applied anthropology and civil service reform; women’s studies and government departments; storytelling and local knowledge; and area studies and comparing Westminster governments. The book concludes with a summary of what is edifying about an interpretive approach, and why this approach matters. It revisits some of the more common criticisms before indulging in plausible conjectures about the future of interpretivism. The author’s main concern is to make the case for an interpretive approach by showing how it refreshes old topics and opens new empirical topics. The author seeks new and interesting ways to explore governance, high politics, public policies, and the study of public administration in general. So, the emphasis is on methods, and providing several examples of the approach ‘at work’.},\n\turldate = {2024-12-08},\n\tpublisher = {Oxford University Press},\n\tauthor = {Rhodes, R. A. W.},\n\tmonth = jul,\n\tyear = {2017},\n\tdoi = {10.1093/oso/9780198786115.001.0001},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  This collection of essays is Volume II in a retrospective of previous publications. It looks forward and explores the ‘interpretive turn’ and its implications for the craft of political science, especially public administration. It draws together articles from 2005 onwards on the theme of ‘the interpretive turn’ in political science. Part I provides a summary statement of the interpretive approach. It provides the context for what follows. Part II develops the theme of blurring genres. It discusses a variety of research methods common in the humanities, including: ethnographic fieldwork, life history, and focus groups. Part III shows how the genres of thought and presentation found in the humanities can be used in political science. It presents four examples of such blurring ‘at work’ with studies of: applied anthropology and civil service reform; women’s studies and government departments; storytelling and local knowledge; and area studies and comparing Westminster governments. The book concludes with a summary of what is edifying about an interpretive approach, and why this approach matters. It revisits some of the more common criticisms before indulging in plausible conjectures about the future of interpretivism. The author’s main concern is to make the case for an interpretive approach by showing how it refreshes old topics and opens new empirical topics. The author seeks new and interesting ways to explore governance, high politics, public policies, and the study of public administration in general. So, the emphasis is on methods, and providing several examples of the approach ‘at work’.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"paul-harmonisationbyriskanalysisfrontexandtheriskbasedgovernanceofeuropeanbordercontrol-2017\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/07036337.2017.1320553\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'paul-harmonisationbyriskanalysisfrontexandtheriskbasedgovernanceofeuropeanbordercontrol-2017', 'https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/07036337.2017.1320553', event);\">\n    Harmonisation by risk analysis? Frontex and the risk-based governance of European border control.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Paul, R.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  <i>Journal of European Integration</i>, 39(6): 689–706. September 2017.\n  <span class=\"note\">Publisher: Routledge</span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/07036337.2017.1320553\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('paul-harmonisationbyriskanalysisfrontexandtheriskbasedgovernanceofeuropeanbordercontrol-2017', 'https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/07036337.2017.1320553', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"Harmonisation by risk analysis? Frontex and the risk-based governance of European border control [link]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.org/10.1080/07036337.2017.1320553\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('paul-harmonisationbyriskanalysisfrontexandtheriskbasedgovernanceofeuropeanbordercontrol-2017', 'http://doi.org/10.1080/07036337.2017.1320553', event.ctrlKey)\"\n     class=\"bibbase doi link\">\n    <span>doi</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/paul-harmonisationbyriskanalysisfrontexandtheriskbasedgovernanceofeuropeanbordercontrol-2017\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('paul-harmonisationbyriskanalysisfrontexandtheriskbasedgovernanceofeuropeanbordercontrol-2017')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@article{paul_harmonisation_2017,\n\ttitle = {Harmonisation by risk analysis? {Frontex} and the risk-based governance of {European} border control},\n\tvolume = {39},\n\tissn = {0703-6337},\n\tshorttitle = {Harmonisation by risk analysis?},\n\turl = {https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/07036337.2017.1320553},\n\tdoi = {10.1080/07036337.2017.1320553},\n\tabstract = {Scholars have highlighted the importance of Frontex risk analysis in the institutionalisation of EU-level border control without, however, sufficiently substantiating alleged harmonisation dynamics. This paper interrogates how and why EU-level actors seek to exploit risk analysis to harmonise European border control. An interpretive policy analysis of three contemporary applications of Frontex risk analysis – the Eurosur impact level assessment, the Schengen evaluation and monitoring mechanism and resource allocation in the Internal Security Fund – indicates that Frontex and the Commission found their harmonisation hopes on the rationalisation promises of risk-based governance – efficiency, effectiveness, and transparency gains and de-politicisation effects. This multi-functional rationalisation of Community decision-making is meant to justify increased EU-level coordination and interventions without challenging member state competencies, thereby enabling soft harmonisation processes in the weakly integrated and much contested domain. Rather than merely adhering to securitisation goals, risk analysis represents a magic bullet in the EU’s own institutional risk management.},\n\tnumber = {6},\n\turldate = {2024-08-12},\n\tjournal = {Journal of European Integration},\n\tauthor = {Paul, Regine},\n\tmonth = sep,\n\tyear = {2017},\n\tnote = {Publisher: Routledge},\n\tkeywords = {European integration, Frontex, border control, institutionalism, risk analysis, risk-based governance},\n\tpages = {689--706},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  Scholars have highlighted the importance of Frontex risk analysis in the institutionalisation of EU-level border control without, however, sufficiently substantiating alleged harmonisation dynamics. This paper interrogates how and why EU-level actors seek to exploit risk analysis to harmonise European border control. An interpretive policy analysis of three contemporary applications of Frontex risk analysis – the Eurosur impact level assessment, the Schengen evaluation and monitoring mechanism and resource allocation in the Internal Security Fund – indicates that Frontex and the Commission found their harmonisation hopes on the rationalisation promises of risk-based governance – efficiency, effectiveness, and transparency gains and de-politicisation effects. This multi-functional rationalisation of Community decision-making is meant to justify increased EU-level coordination and interventions without challenging member state competencies, thereby enabling soft harmonisation processes in the weakly integrated and much contested domain. Rather than merely adhering to securitisation goals, risk analysis represents a magic bullet in the EU’s own institutional risk management.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"orr-bennett-relationalleadershipstorytellingandnarrativespracticesoflocalgovernmentchiefexecutives-2017\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/puar.12680\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'orr-bennett-relationalleadershipstorytellingandnarrativespracticesoflocalgovernmentchiefexecutives-2017', 'https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/puar.12680', event);\">\n    Relational Leadership, Storytelling, and Narratives: Practices of Local Government Chief Executives.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Orr, K.;  and Bennett, M.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  <i>Public Administration Review</i>, 77(4): 515–527.  2017.\n  <span class=\"note\">_eprint: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/puar.12680</span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/puar.12680\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('orr-bennett-relationalleadershipstorytellingandnarrativespracticesoflocalgovernmentchiefexecutives-2017', 'https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/puar.12680', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"Relational Leadership, Storytelling, and Narratives: Practices of Local Government Chief Executives [link]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.org/10.1111/puar.12680\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('orr-bennett-relationalleadershipstorytellingandnarrativespracticesoflocalgovernmentchiefexecutives-2017', 'http://doi.org/10.1111/puar.12680', event.ctrlKey)\"\n     class=\"bibbase doi link\">\n    <span>doi</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/orr-bennett-relationalleadershipstorytellingandnarrativespracticesoflocalgovernmentchiefexecutives-2017\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('orr-bennett-relationalleadershipstorytellingandnarrativespracticesoflocalgovernmentchiefexecutives-2017')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@article{orr_relational_2017,\n\ttitle = {Relational {Leadership}, {Storytelling}, and {Narratives}: {Practices} of {Local} {Government} {Chief} {Executives}},\n\tvolume = {77},\n\tcopyright = {© 2016 by The American Society for Public Administration},\n\tissn = {1540-6210},\n\tshorttitle = {Relational {Leadership}, {Storytelling}, and {Narratives}},\n\turl = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/puar.12680},\n\tdoi = {10.1111/puar.12680},\n\tabstract = {This article examines the storytelling and narrative practices of an elite group of public administrators in the United Kingdom: local government chief executives. The authors do so through the lens of relationality, exploring the collective dimensions of leadership. The focus on leadership and stories embraces the narrative turn in public administration scholarship. It responds to calls for research examining the distinctive settings of everyday leadership action. The contribution to theory is a qualitative understanding of the relational ways in which stories and narratives are used in the practices of public administration leaders. The article analyzes four ways in which such leadership is accomplished: inviting an emotional connection and commitment to public service, making sense of organizational realities, provoking reflections on practices and assumptions, and managing relations with politicians. The authors offer an appreciation of how relational leadership influence can be generated by expressive narratives and storytelling rather than stemming from bureaucratic authority.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {4},\n\turldate = {2024-08-12},\n\tjournal = {Public Administration Review},\n\tauthor = {Orr, Kevin and Bennett, Mike},\n\tyear = {2017},\n\tnote = {\\_eprint: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/puar.12680},\n\tpages = {515--527},\n}\n\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  This article examines the storytelling and narrative practices of an elite group of public administrators in the United Kingdom: local government chief executives. The authors do so through the lens of relationality, exploring the collective dimensions of leadership. The focus on leadership and stories embraces the narrative turn in public administration scholarship. It responds to calls for research examining the distinctive settings of everyday leadership action. The contribution to theory is a qualitative understanding of the relational ways in which stories and narratives are used in the practices of public administration leaders. The article analyzes four ways in which such leadership is accomplished: inviting an emotional connection and commitment to public service, making sense of organizational realities, provoking reflections on practices and assumptions, and managing relations with politicians. The authors offer an appreciation of how relational leadership influence can be generated by expressive narratives and storytelling rather than stemming from bureaucratic authority.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"nielsen-deadlyclericsblockedambitionandthepathstojihad-2017\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/deadly-clerics/DAB04B6A1137EFC51053C751617EA832\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'nielsen-deadlyclericsblockedambitionandthepathstojihad-2017', 'https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/deadly-clerics/DAB04B6A1137EFC51053C751617EA832', event);\">\n    Deadly Clerics: Blocked Ambition and the Paths to Jihad.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Nielsen, R. A.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n   of Cambridge Studies in Comparative PoliticsCambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK,  2017.\n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/deadly-clerics/DAB04B6A1137EFC51053C751617EA832\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('nielsen-deadlyclericsblockedambitionandthepathstojihad-2017', 'https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/deadly-clerics/DAB04B6A1137EFC51053C751617EA832', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"Deadly Clerics: Blocked Ambition and the Paths to Jihad [link]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.org/10.1017/9781108241700\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('nielsen-deadlyclericsblockedambitionandthepathstojihad-2017', 'http://doi.org/10.1017/9781108241700', event.ctrlKey)\"\n     class=\"bibbase doi link\">\n    <span>doi</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/nielsen-deadlyclericsblockedambitionandthepathstojihad-2017\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('nielsen-deadlyclericsblockedambitionandthepathstojihad-2017')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@book{nielsen_deadly_2017,\n\taddress = {Cambridge, UK},\n\tseries = {Cambridge {Studies} in {Comparative} {Politics}},\n\ttitle = {Deadly {Clerics}: {Blocked} {Ambition} and the {Paths} to {Jihad}},\n\tisbn = {978-1-108-41668-9},\n\tshorttitle = {Deadly {Clerics}},\n\turl = {https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/deadly-clerics/DAB04B6A1137EFC51053C751617EA832},\n\tabstract = {Deadly Clerics explains why some Muslim clerics adopt the ideology of militant jihadism while most do not. The book explores multiple pathways of cleric radicalization and shows that the interplay of academic, religious, and political institutions has influenced the rise of modern jihadism through a mechanism of blocked ambition. As long as clerics&#x27; academic ambitions remain attainable, they are unlikely to espouse violent jihad. Clerics who are forced out of academia are more likely to turn to jihad for two reasons: jihadist ideas are attractive to those who see the system as turning against them, and preaching a jihad ideology can help these outsider clerics attract supporters and funds. The book draws on evidence from various sources, including large-scale statistical analysis of texts and network data obtained from the Internet, case studies of clerics&#x27; lives, and ethnographic participant observations at sites in Cairo, Egypt.},\n\turldate = {2024-08-12},\n\tpublisher = {Cambridge University Press},\n\tauthor = {Nielsen, Richard A.},\n\tyear = {2017},\n\tdoi = {10.1017/9781108241700},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  Deadly Clerics explains why some Muslim clerics adopt the ideology of militant jihadism while most do not. The book explores multiple pathways of cleric radicalization and shows that the interplay of academic, religious, and political institutions has influenced the rise of modern jihadism through a mechanism of blocked ambition. As long as clerics' academic ambitions remain attainable, they are unlikely to espouse violent jihad. Clerics who are forced out of academia are more likely to turn to jihad for two reasons: jihadist ideas are attractive to those who see the system as turning against them, and preaching a jihad ideology can help these outsider clerics attract supporters and funds. The book draws on evidence from various sources, including large-scale statistical analysis of texts and network data obtained from the Internet, case studies of clerics' lives, and ethnographic participant observations at sites in Cairo, Egypt.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"metze-frackingthedebateframeshiftsandboundaryworkindutchdecisionmakingonshalegas-2017\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1080/1523908X.2014.941462\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'metze-frackingthedebateframeshiftsandboundaryworkindutchdecisionmakingonshalegas-2017', 'https://doi.org/10.1080/1523908X.2014.941462', event);\">\n    Fracking the Debate: Frame Shifts and Boundary Work in Dutch Decision Making on Shale Gas.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Metze, T.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  <i>Journal of Environmental Policy & Planning</i>, 19(1): 35–52. January 2017.\n  <span class=\"note\">Publisher: Routledge _eprint: https://doi.org/10.1080/1523908X.2014.941462</span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1080/1523908X.2014.941462\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('metze-frackingthedebateframeshiftsandboundaryworkindutchdecisionmakingonshalegas-2017', 'https://doi.org/10.1080/1523908X.2014.941462', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"Fracking the Debate: Frame Shifts and Boundary Work in Dutch Decision Making on Shale Gas [link]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.org/10.1080/1523908X.2014.941462\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('metze-frackingthedebateframeshiftsandboundaryworkindutchdecisionmakingonshalegas-2017', 'http://doi.org/10.1080/1523908X.2014.941462', event.ctrlKey)\"\n     class=\"bibbase doi link\">\n    <span>doi</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/metze-frackingthedebateframeshiftsandboundaryworkindutchdecisionmakingonshalegas-2017\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('metze-frackingthedebateframeshiftsandboundaryworkindutchdecisionmakingonshalegas-2017')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@article{metze_fracking_2017,\n\ttitle = {Fracking the {Debate}: {Frame} {Shifts} and {Boundary} {Work} in {Dutch} {Decision} {Making} on {Shale} {Gas}},\n\tvolume = {19},\n\tissn = {1523-908X},\n\tshorttitle = {Fracking the {Debate}},\n\turl = {https://doi.org/10.1080/1523908X.2014.941462},\n\tdoi = {10.1080/1523908X.2014.941462},\n\tabstract = {The meaning of hydraulic fracturing for shale gas is contested worldwide: is it an energy game changer, a transition fuel, or a technology that poses severe environmental problems? In the Netherlands, a policy controversy developed in which fracturing was reframed from ‘business as usual’ to a potential environmental risk. This article theoretically and empirically describes this shift by arguing that the technology of hydraulic fracturing for shale gas is a boundary object that created a sphere of engagement for all sorts of actors. In this sphere, they negotiated a common but soft meaning of this technology. These negotiations consisted of frame contests. As part of those contests, the discursive strategies of framing and boundary work enabled opponents to create uncertainty about economic benefits and environmental impact. The shift in meaning transformed the issue from an economic one with standard governmental rules and regulations into a planning issue that needs more precaution.},\n\tnumber = {1},\n\turldate = {2024-08-12},\n\tjournal = {Journal of Environmental Policy \\&amp; Planning},\n\tauthor = {Metze, Tamara},\n\tmonth = jan,\n\tyear = {2017},\n\tnote = {Publisher: Routledge\n\\_eprint: https://doi.org/10.1080/1523908X.2014.941462},\n\tkeywords = {Shale gas, boundary object, boundary work, framing, hydraulic fracturing},\n\tpages = {35--52},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  The meaning of hydraulic fracturing for shale gas is contested worldwide: is it an energy game changer, a transition fuel, or a technology that poses severe environmental problems? In the Netherlands, a policy controversy developed in which fracturing was reframed from ‘business as usual’ to a potential environmental risk. This article theoretically and empirically describes this shift by arguing that the technology of hydraulic fracturing for shale gas is a boundary object that created a sphere of engagement for all sorts of actors. In this sphere, they negotiated a common but soft meaning of this technology. These negotiations consisted of frame contests. As part of those contests, the discursive strategies of framing and boundary work enabled opponents to create uncertainty about economic benefits and environmental impact. The shift in meaning transformed the issue from an economic one with standard governmental rules and regulations into a planning issue that needs more precaution.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"maricut-differentnarrativesoneareawithoutinternalfrontierswhyeuinstitutionscannotagreeontherefugeecrisis-2017\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1080/14608944.2016.1256982\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'maricut-differentnarrativesoneareawithoutinternalfrontierswhyeuinstitutionscannotagreeontherefugeecrisis-2017', 'https://doi.org/10.1080/14608944.2016.1256982', event);\">\n    Different narratives, one area without internal frontiers: why EU institutions cannot agree on the refugee crisis.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Maricut, A.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  <i>National Identities</i>, 19(2): 161–177. April 2017.\n  <span class=\"note\">Publisher: Routledge _eprint: https://doi.org/10.1080/14608944.2016.1256982</span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1080/14608944.2016.1256982\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('maricut-differentnarrativesoneareawithoutinternalfrontierswhyeuinstitutionscannotagreeontherefugeecrisis-2017', 'https://doi.org/10.1080/14608944.2016.1256982', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"Different narratives, one area without internal frontiers: why EU institutions cannot agree on the refugee crisis [link]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.org/10.1080/14608944.2016.1256982\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('maricut-differentnarrativesoneareawithoutinternalfrontierswhyeuinstitutionscannotagreeontherefugeecrisis-2017', 'http://doi.org/10.1080/14608944.2016.1256982', event.ctrlKey)\"\n     class=\"bibbase doi link\">\n    <span>doi</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/maricut-differentnarrativesoneareawithoutinternalfrontierswhyeuinstitutionscannotagreeontherefugeecrisis-2017\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('maricut-differentnarrativesoneareawithoutinternalfrontierswhyeuinstitutionscannotagreeontherefugeecrisis-2017')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@article{maricut_different_2017,\n\ttitle = {Different narratives, one area without internal frontiers: why {EU} institutions cannot agree on the refugee crisis},\n\tvolume = {19},\n\tissn = {1460-8944},\n\tshorttitle = {Different narratives, one area without internal frontiers},\n\turl = {https://doi.org/10.1080/14608944.2016.1256982},\n\tdoi = {10.1080/14608944.2016.1256982},\n\tabstract = {This article contextualizes contemporary institutional responses of the European Union (EU) to the refugee crisis within the historical setting in which EU migration and asylum policies emerged – namely during the implementation of the border-free Schengen Area (1984–1995). Using the analytical framework of ‘policy narratives’, it argues that EU institutions have used the creation of the ‘area without internal frontiers’ to build coherent narratives about the nature and scope of EU action and of their own role in it. Such narratives became locked into the institutional discourse and influenced the subsequent evolution of EU politics on the topic.},\n\tnumber = {2},\n\turldate = {2024-08-12},\n\tjournal = {National Identities},\n\tauthor = {Maricut, Adina},\n\tmonth = apr,\n\tyear = {2017},\n\tnote = {Publisher: Routledge\n\\_eprint: https://doi.org/10.1080/14608944.2016.1256982},\n\tkeywords = {European Union, Schengen Area, migration, policy narratives, refugee crisis},\n\tpages = {161--177},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  This article contextualizes contemporary institutional responses of the European Union (EU) to the refugee crisis within the historical setting in which EU migration and asylum policies emerged – namely during the implementation of the border-free Schengen Area (1984–1995). Using the analytical framework of ‘policy narratives’, it argues that EU institutions have used the creation of the ‘area without internal frontiers’ to build coherent narratives about the nature and scope of EU action and of their own role in it. Such narratives became locked into the institutional discourse and influenced the subsequent evolution of EU politics on the topic.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"longo-thepoliticsofborderssovereigntysecurityandthecitizenafter911-2017\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/politics-of-borders/C5FC44039DE284A9FC438F55048B27F1\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'longo-thepoliticsofborderssovereigntysecurityandthecitizenafter911-2017', 'https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/politics-of-borders/C5FC44039DE284A9FC438F55048B27F1', event);\">\n    The Politics of Borders: Sovereignty, Security, and the Citizen after 9/11.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Longo, M.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n   of Problems of International PoliticsCambridge University Press, Cambridge,  2017.\n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/politics-of-borders/C5FC44039DE284A9FC438F55048B27F1\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('longo-thepoliticsofborderssovereigntysecurityandthecitizenafter911-2017', 'https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/politics-of-borders/C5FC44039DE284A9FC438F55048B27F1', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"The Politics of Borders: Sovereignty, Security, and the Citizen after 9/11 [link]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.org/10.1017/9781316761663\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('longo-thepoliticsofborderssovereigntysecurityandthecitizenafter911-2017', 'http://doi.org/10.1017/9781316761663', event.ctrlKey)\"\n     class=\"bibbase doi link\">\n    <span>doi</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/longo-thepoliticsofborderssovereigntysecurityandthecitizenafter911-2017\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('longo-thepoliticsofborderssovereigntysecurityandthecitizenafter911-2017')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@book{longo_politics_2017,\n\taddress = {Cambridge},\n\tseries = {Problems of {International} {Politics}},\n\ttitle = {The {Politics} of {Borders}: {Sovereignty}, {Security}, and the {Citizen} after 9/11},\n\tisbn = {978-1-107-17178-7},\n\tshorttitle = {The {Politics} of {Borders}},\n\turl = {https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/politics-of-borders/C5FC44039DE284A9FC438F55048B27F1},\n\tabstract = {Borders sit at the center of global politics. Yet they are too often understood as thin lines, as they appear on maps, rather than as political institutions in their own right. This book takes a detailed look at the evolution of border security in the United States after 9/11. Far from the walls and fences that dominate the news, it reveals borders to be thick, multi-faceted and binational institutions that have evolved greatly in recent decades. The book contributes to debates within political science on sovereignty, citizenship, cosmopolitanism, human rights and global justice. In particular, the new politics of borders reveal a sovereignty that is not waning, but changing, expanding beyond the state carapace and engaging certain logics of empire.},\n\turldate = {2024-08-12},\n\tpublisher = {Cambridge University Press},\n\tauthor = {Longo, Matthew},\n\tyear = {2017},\n\tdoi = {10.1017/9781316761663},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  Borders sit at the center of global politics. Yet they are too often understood as thin lines, as they appear on maps, rather than as political institutions in their own right. This book takes a detailed look at the evolution of border security in the United States after 9/11. Far from the walls and fences that dominate the news, it reveals borders to be thick, multi-faceted and binational institutions that have evolved greatly in recent decades. The book contributes to debates within political science on sovereignty, citizenship, cosmopolitanism, human rights and global justice. In particular, the new politics of borders reveal a sovereignty that is not waning, but changing, expanding beyond the state carapace and engaging certain logics of empire.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"jordanzachery-shadowbodiesblackwomenideologyrepresentationandpolitics-2017\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"https://www.rutgersuniversitypress.org/shadow-bodies/9780813593395/\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'jordanzachery-shadowbodiesblackwomenideologyrepresentationandpolitics-2017', 'https://www.rutgersuniversitypress.org/shadow-bodies/9780813593395/', event);\">\n    Shadow Bodies: Black Women, Ideology, Representation, and Politics.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Jordan-Zachery, J. S.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  Rutgers University Press, New Brunswick, NJ, October 2017.\n  <span class=\"note\">Google-Books-ID: YwovDwAAQBAJ</span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"https://www.rutgersuniversitypress.org/shadow-bodies/9780813593395/\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('jordanzachery-shadowbodiesblackwomenideologyrepresentationandpolitics-2017', 'https://www.rutgersuniversitypress.org/shadow-bodies/9780813593395/', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"Shadow Bodies: Black Women, Ideology, Representation, and Politics [link]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/jordanzachery-shadowbodiesblackwomenideologyrepresentationandpolitics-2017\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('jordanzachery-shadowbodiesblackwomenideologyrepresentationandpolitics-2017')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@book{jordan-zachery_shadow_2017,\n\taddress = {New Brunswick, NJ},\n\ttitle = {Shadow {Bodies}: {Black} {Women}, {Ideology}, {Representation}, and {Politics}},\n\tisbn = {978-0-8135-9341-8},\n\tshorttitle = {Shadow {Bodies}},\n\turl = {https://www.rutgersuniversitypress.org/shadow-bodies/9780813593395/},\n\tabstract = {What does it mean for Black women to organize in a political context that has generally ignored them or been unresponsive although Black women have shown themselves an important voting bloc? How for example, does \\#sayhername translate into a political agenda that manifests itself in specific policies? Shadow Bodies focuses on the positionality of the Black woman’s body, which serves as a springboard for helping us think through political and cultural representations. It does so by asking: How do discursive practices, both speech and silences, support and maintain hegemonic understandings of Black womanhood thereby rendering some Black women as shadow bodies, unseen and unremarked upon?   Grounded in Black feminist thought, Julia S. Jordan-Zachery looks at the functioning of scripts ascribed to Black women’s bodies in the framing of HIV/AIDS, domestic abuse, and mental illness and how such functioning renders some bodies invisible in Black politics in general and Black women’s politics specifically.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tpublisher = {Rutgers University Press},\n\tauthor = {Jordan-Zachery, Julia S.},\n\tmonth = oct,\n\tyear = {2017},\n\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: YwovDwAAQBAJ},\n\tkeywords = {Political Science / Civil Rights, Social Science / Black Studies (Global), Social Science / Ethnic Studies / American / African American \\&amp; Black Studies, Social Science / Feminism \\&amp; Feminist Theory, Social Science / General, Social Science / Media Studies, Social Science / Sociology / Social Theory, Social Science / Women&#x27;s Studies},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  What does it mean for Black women to organize in a political context that has generally ignored them or been unresponsive although Black women have shown themselves an important voting bloc? How for example, does #sayhername translate into a political agenda that manifests itself in specific policies? Shadow Bodies focuses on the positionality of the Black woman’s body, which serves as a springboard for helping us think through political and cultural representations. It does so by asking: How do discursive practices, both speech and silences, support and maintain hegemonic understandings of Black womanhood thereby rendering some Black women as shadow bodies, unseen and unremarked upon? Grounded in Black feminist thought, Julia S. Jordan-Zachery looks at the functioning of scripts ascribed to Black women’s bodies in the framing of HIV/AIDS, domestic abuse, and mental illness and how such functioning renders some bodies invisible in Black politics in general and Black women’s politics specifically.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"hall-notpromotingnotexportingindiasdemocracyassistance-2017\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"https://www.orfonline.org/public/uploads/posts/pdf/20230724150545.pdf\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'hall-notpromotingnotexportingindiasdemocracyassistance-2017', 'https://www.orfonline.org/public/uploads/posts/pdf/20230724150545.pdf', event);\">\n    Not promoting, not exporting: India’s democracy assistance.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Hall, I.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  <i>Rising Powers Quarterly</i>, 2(3): 81–97.  2017.\n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"https://www.orfonline.org/public/uploads/posts/pdf/20230724150545.pdf\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('hall-notpromotingnotexportingindiasdemocracyassistance-2017', 'https://www.orfonline.org/public/uploads/posts/pdf/20230724150545.pdf', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/pdf.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"Not promoting, not exporting: India’s democracy assistance [pdf]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/hall-notpromotingnotexportingindiasdemocracyassistance-2017\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('hall-notpromotingnotexportingindiasdemocracyassistance-2017')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@article{hall_not_2017,\n\ttitle = {Not promoting, not exporting: {India}’s democracy assistance},\n\tvolume = {2},\n\tshorttitle = {Not promoting, not exporting},\n\turl = {https://www.orfonline.org/public/uploads/posts/pdf/20230724150545.pdf},\n\tnumber = {3},\n\turldate = {2024-08-11},\n\tjournal = {Rising Powers Quarterly},\n\tauthor = {Hall, Ian},\n\tyear = {2017},\n\tpages = {81--97},\n}\n\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"dodge-metze-hydraulicfracturingasaninterpretivepolicyproblemlessonsonenergycontroversiesineuropeandtheusa-2017\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1080/1523908X.2016.1277947\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'dodge-metze-hydraulicfracturingasaninterpretivepolicyproblemlessonsonenergycontroversiesineuropeandtheusa-2017', 'https://doi.org/10.1080/1523908X.2016.1277947', event);\">\n    Hydraulic fracturing as an interpretive policy problem: lessons on energy controversies in Europe and the U.S.A.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Dodge, J.;  and Metze, T.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  <i>Journal of Environmental Policy & Planning</i>, 19(1): 1–13. January 2017.\n  <span class=\"note\">Publisher: Routledge _eprint: https://doi.org/10.1080/1523908X.2016.1277947</span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1080/1523908X.2016.1277947\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('dodge-metze-hydraulicfracturingasaninterpretivepolicyproblemlessonsonenergycontroversiesineuropeandtheusa-2017', 'https://doi.org/10.1080/1523908X.2016.1277947', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"Hydraulic fracturing as an interpretive policy problem: lessons on energy controversies in Europe and the U.S.A. [link]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.org/10.1080/1523908X.2016.1277947\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('dodge-metze-hydraulicfracturingasaninterpretivepolicyproblemlessonsonenergycontroversiesineuropeandtheusa-2017', 'http://doi.org/10.1080/1523908X.2016.1277947', event.ctrlKey)\"\n     class=\"bibbase doi link\">\n    <span>doi</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/dodge-metze-hydraulicfracturingasaninterpretivepolicyproblemlessonsonenergycontroversiesineuropeandtheusa-2017\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('dodge-metze-hydraulicfracturingasaninterpretivepolicyproblemlessonsonenergycontroversiesineuropeandtheusa-2017')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@article{dodge_hydraulic_2017,\n\ttitle = {Hydraulic fracturing as an interpretive policy problem: lessons on energy controversies in {Europe} and the {U}.{S}.{A}.},\n\tvolume = {19},\n\tissn = {1523-908X},\n\tshorttitle = {Hydraulic fracturing as an interpretive policy problem},\n\turl = {https://doi.org/10.1080/1523908X.2016.1277947},\n\tdoi = {10.1080/1523908X.2016.1277947},\n\tabstract = {This special issue addresses hydraulic fracturing for shale gas extraction as an interpretive policy problem. Bringing together empirical cases from the U.S.A., the Netherlands, the U.K., Poland, and Germany, we identify three approaches to the interpretation of hydraulic fracturing in the article: understanding its meaning, contextual explanation of the institutionalization of its meaning, and policy design as intervention to alter its meaning. By exploring differences and similarities across these cases, we identified two central tensions in the meaning of shale gas in all cases: (1) economic opportunity or environmental threat and (2) transition toward a more carbon-free energy future or perpetuation of a fossil fuel system. We found that when actors shift the meaning of hydraulic fracturing to consider it predominantly an issue of threat, this explains the dominance of risk governance as an approach to managing the controversy. Alternately, when the meaning of fracking shifts from consideration as an economic opportunity or a bridge fuel to consideration of it as a barrier to an energy transition, this explains the decision to ban fracking. Therefore, a comparative assessment of the papers demonstrates the ways interpretive dimensions of politics can influence the governance of public policy.},\n\tnumber = {1},\n\turldate = {2024-08-11},\n\tjournal = {Journal of Environmental Policy \\&amp; Planning},\n\tauthor = {Dodge, Jennifer and Metze, Tamara},\n\tmonth = jan,\n\tyear = {2017},\n\tnote = {Publisher: Routledge\n\\_eprint: https://doi.org/10.1080/1523908X.2016.1277947},\n\tkeywords = {Shale gas, boundary work, discourse coalition, fracking, interpretive policy analysis},\n\tpages = {1--13},\n}\n\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  This special issue addresses hydraulic fracturing for shale gas extraction as an interpretive policy problem. Bringing together empirical cases from the U.S.A., the Netherlands, the U.K., Poland, and Germany, we identify three approaches to the interpretation of hydraulic fracturing in the article: understanding its meaning, contextual explanation of the institutionalization of its meaning, and policy design as intervention to alter its meaning. By exploring differences and similarities across these cases, we identified two central tensions in the meaning of shale gas in all cases: (1) economic opportunity or environmental threat and (2) transition toward a more carbon-free energy future or perpetuation of a fossil fuel system. We found that when actors shift the meaning of hydraulic fracturing to consider it predominantly an issue of threat, this explains the dominance of risk governance as an approach to managing the controversy. Alternately, when the meaning of fracking shifts from consideration as an economic opportunity or a bridge fuel to consideration of it as a barrier to an energy transition, this explains the decision to ban fracking. Therefore, a comparative assessment of the papers demonstrates the ways interpretive dimensions of politics can influence the governance of public policy.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"abramson-makingahomelandconstructingadiasporathecaseoftaglitbirthrightisrael-2017\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0962629817300021\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'abramson-makingahomelandconstructingadiasporathecaseoftaglitbirthrightisrael-2017', 'https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0962629817300021', event);\">\n    Making a homeland, constructing a diaspora: The case of Taglit-Birthright Israel.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Abramson, Y.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  <i>Political Geography</i>, 58: 14–23. May 2017.\n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0962629817300021\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('abramson-makingahomelandconstructingadiasporathecaseoftaglitbirthrightisrael-2017', 'https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0962629817300021', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"Making a homeland, constructing a diaspora: The case of Taglit-Birthright Israel [link]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.org/10.1016/j.polgeo.2017.01.002\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('abramson-makingahomelandconstructingadiasporathecaseoftaglitbirthrightisrael-2017', 'http://doi.org/10.1016/j.polgeo.2017.01.002', event.ctrlKey)\"\n     class=\"bibbase doi link\">\n    <span>doi</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/abramson-makingahomelandconstructingadiasporathecaseoftaglitbirthrightisrael-2017\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('abramson-makingahomelandconstructingadiasporathecaseoftaglitbirthrightisrael-2017')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@article{abramson_making_2017,\n\ttitle = {Making a homeland, constructing a diaspora: {The} case of {Taglit}-{Birthright} {Israel}},\n\tvolume = {58},\n\tissn = {0962-6298},\n\tshorttitle = {Making a homeland, constructing a diaspora},\n\turl = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0962629817300021},\n\tdoi = {10.1016/j.polgeo.2017.01.002},\n\tabstract = {The study of diaspora policies in political science, international relations, and political geography has moved away from conceiving diasporas as bounded entities to conceptualizing diasporas as a process to be made. One body of literature maps different strategies employed to bond diasporas to their country of origin, while another body of literature pays specific attention to diasporic identities and the ways such identities are reproduced and constructed abroad. This article seeks to bring these two literatures together by focusing on homeland tourism as a diasporization strategy, i.e. the construction, reproduction, and transmission of diasporic identity. Through the case of Taglit-Birthright – a free educational trip to Israel offered to young Jewish adults – the article identifies the specific mechanisms and micro-practices used in order to transform Israeli territory into a Jewish homeland, reproduce the narrative of dispersion, and demarcate group boundaries. Incorporating insights from theories of territorialization and based on the program&#x27;s educational platform and existing ethnographies of Taglit-Birthright, this article unpacks the notion of the homeland and demonstrates how the homeland itself – as an embodied, affective, and symbolic site – is strategically used in order to cultivate diasporic attachments.},\n\turldate = {2024-08-09},\n\tjournal = {Political Geography},\n\tauthor = {Abramson, Yehonatan},\n\tmonth = may,\n\tyear = {2017},\n\tkeywords = {Diaspora, Diaspora engagement, Diasporization, Embodied geography, Identity construction, Israel, Taglit-Birthright, Territorialization},\n\tpages = {14--23},\n}\n\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  The study of diaspora policies in political science, international relations, and political geography has moved away from conceiving diasporas as bounded entities to conceptualizing diasporas as a process to be made. One body of literature maps different strategies employed to bond diasporas to their country of origin, while another body of literature pays specific attention to diasporic identities and the ways such identities are reproduced and constructed abroad. This article seeks to bring these two literatures together by focusing on homeland tourism as a diasporization strategy, i.e. the construction, reproduction, and transmission of diasporic identity. Through the case of Taglit-Birthright – a free educational trip to Israel offered to young Jewish adults – the article identifies the specific mechanisms and micro-practices used in order to transform Israeli territory into a Jewish homeland, reproduce the narrative of dispersion, and demarcate group boundaries. Incorporating insights from theories of territorialization and based on the program's educational platform and existing ethnographies of Taglit-Birthright, this article unpacks the notion of the homeland and demonstrates how the homeland itself – as an embodied, affective, and symbolic site – is strategically used in order to cultivate diasporic attachments.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"pachirat-amongwolvesethnographyandtheimmersivestudyofpower-2017\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"https://www.routledge.com/Among-Wolves-Ethnography-and-the-Immersive-Study-of-Power/Pachirat/p/book/9780415528986\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'pachirat-amongwolvesethnographyandtheimmersivestudyofpower-2017', 'https://www.routledge.com/Among-Wolves-Ethnography-and-the-Immersive-Study-of-Power/Pachirat/p/book/9780415528986', event);\">\n    Among Wolves: Ethnography and the Immersive Study of Power.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Pachirat, T.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  Routledge, New York, November 2017.\n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"https://www.routledge.com/Among-Wolves-Ethnography-and-the-Immersive-Study-of-Power/Pachirat/p/book/9780415528986\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('pachirat-amongwolvesethnographyandtheimmersivestudyofpower-2017', 'https://www.routledge.com/Among-Wolves-Ethnography-and-the-Immersive-Study-of-Power/Pachirat/p/book/9780415528986', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"Among Wolves: Ethnography and the Immersive Study of Power [link]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.org/10.4324/9780203701102\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('pachirat-amongwolvesethnographyandtheimmersivestudyofpower-2017', 'http://doi.org/10.4324/9780203701102', event.ctrlKey)\"\n     class=\"bibbase doi link\">\n    <span>doi</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/pachirat-amongwolvesethnographyandtheimmersivestudyofpower-2017\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('pachirat-amongwolvesethnographyandtheimmersivestudyofpower-2017')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@book{pachirat_among_2017,\n\taddress = {New York},\n\ttitle = {Among {Wolves}: {Ethnography} and the {Immersive} {Study} of {Power}},\n\tisbn = {978-0-203-70110-2},\n\tshorttitle = {Among {Wolves}},\n\turl = {https://www.routledge.com/Among-Wolves-Ethnography-and-the-Immersive-Study-of-Power/Pachirat/p/book/9780415528986},\n\tabstract = {Summoned by an anonymous Prosecutor, ten contemporary ethnographers gather in an aging barn to hold a trial of Alice Goffman’s controversial ethnography, On the},\n\tpublisher = {Routledge},\n\tauthor = {Pachirat, Timothy},\n\tmonth = nov,\n\tyear = {2017},\n\tdoi = {10.4324/9780203701102},\n}\n\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  Summoned by an anonymous Prosecutor, ten contemporary ethnographers gather in an aging barn to hold a trial of Alice Goffman’s controversial ethnography, On the\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"ercan-hendriks-boswell-studyingpublicdeliberationafterthesystemicturnthecrucialroleforinterpretiveresearch-2017\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"https://bristoluniversitypressdigital.com/view/journals/pp/45/2/article-p195.xml\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'ercan-hendriks-boswell-studyingpublicdeliberationafterthesystemicturnthecrucialroleforinterpretiveresearch-2017', 'https://bristoluniversitypressdigital.com/view/journals/pp/45/2/article-p195.xml', event);\">\n    Studying public deliberation after the systemic turn: the crucial role for interpretive research.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Ercan, S. A.; Hendriks, C. M.;  and Boswell, J.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  ,195–212. April 2017.\n  <span class=\"note\">Section: Policy & Politics</span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"https://bristoluniversitypressdigital.com/view/journals/pp/45/2/article-p195.xml\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('ercan-hendriks-boswell-studyingpublicdeliberationafterthesystemicturnthecrucialroleforinterpretiveresearch-2017', 'https://bristoluniversitypressdigital.com/view/journals/pp/45/2/article-p195.xml', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"Studying public deliberation after the systemic turn: the crucial role for interpretive research [link]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.org/10.1332/030557315X14502713105886\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('ercan-hendriks-boswell-studyingpublicdeliberationafterthesystemicturnthecrucialroleforinterpretiveresearch-2017', 'http://doi.org/10.1332/030557315X14502713105886', event.ctrlKey)\"\n     class=\"bibbase doi link\">\n    <span>doi</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/ercan-hendriks-boswell-studyingpublicdeliberationafterthesystemicturnthecrucialroleforinterpretiveresearch-2017\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('ercan-hendriks-boswell-studyingpublicdeliberationafterthesystemicturnthecrucialroleforinterpretiveresearch-2017')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@article{ercan_studying_2017,\n\ttitle = {Studying public deliberation after the systemic turn: the crucial role for interpretive research},\n\tshorttitle = {Studying public deliberation after the systemic turn},\n\turl = {https://bristoluniversitypressdigital.com/view/journals/pp/45/2/article-p195.xml},\n\tdoi = {10.1332/030557315X14502713105886},\n\tabstract = {The recent shift towards a deliberative systems approach suggests understanding public deliberation as a communicative activity occurring in a diversity of spaces. While theoretically attractive, the deliberative systems approach raises a number of methodological questions for empirical social scientists. For example, how does one identify multiple communicative sites within a deliberative system, how does one study connections between different sites, and how does one assess the impact of the broader context on deliberative forums and systems? Drawing on multiple case studies, this article argues that interpretive research methods are well-suited to studying the ambiguities, dynamics and politics of complex deliberative systems.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\turldate = {2024-08-09},\n\tauthor = {Ercan, Selen A. and Hendriks, Carolyn M. and Boswell, John},\n\tmonth = apr,\n\tyear = {2017},\n\tnote = {Section: Policy \\&amp; Politics},\n\tkeywords = {deliberative democracy, deliberative system, empirical, interpretive research},\n\tpages = {195--212},\n}\n\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  The recent shift towards a deliberative systems approach suggests understanding public deliberation as a communicative activity occurring in a diversity of spaces. While theoretically attractive, the deliberative systems approach raises a number of methodological questions for empirical social scientists. For example, how does one identify multiple communicative sites within a deliberative system, how does one study connections between different sites, and how does one assess the impact of the broader context on deliberative forums and systems? Drawing on multiple case studies, this article argues that interpretive research methods are well-suited to studying the ambiguities, dynamics and politics of complex deliberative systems.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n\n\n\n    </div>\n  </div>\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_group_whole\" id=\"group_2016\">\n    <div class=\"bibbase_group\"\n      onclick=\"toggleGroup('group_2016')\"\n      onkeypress=\"toggleGroup('group_2016')\"\n      tabindex=\"0\">\n      <i class=\"fa fa-angle-down bibbase_group_head_icon\"></i>&nbsp;\n      <span>2016</span>\n      <span class=\"bibbase_group_count\">\n        \n        (22)\n        \n      </span>\n    </div>\n    <div class=\"bibbase_group_body\">\n      \n  \n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"kato-liberalizinglynchingbuildinganewracializedstate-2016\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  Liberalizing Lynching: Building a New Racialized State.\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Kato, D.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  Oxford University Press,  2016.\n  <span class=\"note\">Google-Books-ID: 0M9xCgAAQBAJ</span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/kato-liberalizinglynchingbuildinganewracializedstate-2016\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('kato-liberalizinglynchingbuildinganewracializedstate-2016')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@book{kato_liberalizing_2016,\n\ttitle = {Liberalizing {Lynching}: {Building} a {New} {Racialized} {State}},\n\tisbn = {978-0-19-023257-3},\n\tshorttitle = {Liberalizing {Lynching}},\n\tabstract = {In spite of America&#x27;s identity as a liberal democracy, the vile act of lynching happened frequently in the Southern United States over the course of the nation&#x27;s history. Indeed, lynchings were very public events, and were even advertised in newspapers, begging the question of how such a brazen disregard for the law could have occurred so freely and openly.  Liberalizing Lynching: Building a New Racialized State seeks to explain the seemingly paradoxical relationship between the American liberal regime and the illiberal act of lynching. Drawing on legal cases, congressional documents, presidential correspondence, and newspaper reports, Daniel Kato explores the federal government&#x27;s pattern of non-intervention regarding lynchings of African Americans from the late nineteenth century through the 1960s. Although popular belief holds that the federal government was unable to address racial violence in the South, this book argues that the actions and decisions of the federal government from the 1870s through the 1960s reveal that federal inaction was not primarily a consequence of institutional or legal incapacities, but rather a decision that was supported and maintained by all three branches of the federal government. Inaction stemmed from the decision not to intervene, not the powerlessness of the federal government.  To cement his argument, Kato develops the theory of constitutional anarchy, which crystallizes the ways in which federal government had the capacity to intervene, yet relinquished its responsibility while nonetheless maintaining authority. A bold challenge to conventional knowledge about lynching, Liberalizing Lynching will serve as a useful tool for students and scholars of political science, legal history, and African American studies.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tpublisher = {Oxford University Press},\n\tauthor = {Kato, Daniel},\n\tyear = {2016},\n\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: 0M9xCgAAQBAJ},\n\tkeywords = {Law / Legal History, Political Science / History \\&amp; Theory, Political Science / Political Ideologies / Democracy, Social Science / Discrimination, Social Science / Ethnic Studies / American / African American \\&amp; Black Studies, Social Science / Race \\&amp; Ethnic Relations, Social Science / Social Classes \\&amp; Economic Disparity, True Crime / General},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  In spite of America's identity as a liberal democracy, the vile act of lynching happened frequently in the Southern United States over the course of the nation's history. Indeed, lynchings were very public events, and were even advertised in newspapers, begging the question of how such a brazen disregard for the law could have occurred so freely and openly. Liberalizing Lynching: Building a New Racialized State seeks to explain the seemingly paradoxical relationship between the American liberal regime and the illiberal act of lynching. Drawing on legal cases, congressional documents, presidential correspondence, and newspaper reports, Daniel Kato explores the federal government's pattern of non-intervention regarding lynchings of African Americans from the late nineteenth century through the 1960s. Although popular belief holds that the federal government was unable to address racial violence in the South, this book argues that the actions and decisions of the federal government from the 1870s through the 1960s reveal that federal inaction was not primarily a consequence of institutional or legal incapacities, but rather a decision that was supported and maintained by all three branches of the federal government. Inaction stemmed from the decision not to intervene, not the powerlessness of the federal government. To cement his argument, Kato develops the theory of constitutional anarchy, which crystallizes the ways in which federal government had the capacity to intervene, yet relinquished its responsibility while nonetheless maintaining authority. A bold challenge to conventional knowledge about lynching, Liberalizing Lynching will serve as a useful tool for students and scholars of political science, legal history, and African American studies.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"bliesemanndeguevara-mythandnarrativeininternationalpoliticsinterpretiveapproachestothestudyofir-2016\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  Myth and Narrative in International Politics: Interpretive Approaches to the Study of IR.\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Bliesemann de Guevara, B.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  Palgrave Macmillan UK, London, UK, June 2016.\n  <span class=\"note\">Google-Books-ID: tSlxjwEACAAJ</span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/bliesemanndeguevara-mythandnarrativeininternationalpoliticsinterpretiveapproachestothestudyofir-2016\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('bliesemanndeguevara-mythandnarrativeininternationalpoliticsinterpretiveapproachestothestudyofir-2016')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@book{bliesemann_de_guevara_myth_2016,\n\taddress = {London, UK},\n\ttitle = {Myth and {Narrative} in {International} {Politics}: {Interpretive} {Approaches} to the {Study} of {IR}},\n\tisbn = {978-1-137-53751-5},\n\tshorttitle = {Myth and {Narrative} in {International} {Politics}},\n\tabstract = {This book systematically explores how different theoretical concepts of myth can be utilised to interpretively explore contemporary international politics. From the international community to warlords, from participation to effectiveness – international politics is replete with powerful narratives and commonly held beliefs that qualify as myths. Rebutting the understanding of myth-as-lie, this collection of essays unearths the ideological, naturalising, and depoliticising effect of myths. Myth and Narrative in International Politics:  Interpretive Approaches to the Study of IR offers conceptual and methodological guidance on how to make sense of different myth theories and how to employ them in order to explore the powerful collective imaginations and ambiguities that underpin international politics today. Further, it assembles case studies of specific myths in different fields of International Relations, including warfare, global governance, interventionism, development aid, and statebuilding. The findings challenge conventional assumptions in International Relations, encouraging academics in IR and across a range of different fields and disciplines, including development studies, global governance studies, strategic and military studies, intervention and statebuilding studies, and peace and conflict studies, to rethink ideas that are widely unquestioned by policy and academic communities.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tpublisher = {Palgrave Macmillan UK},\n\tauthor = {Bliesemann de Guevara, Berit},\n\tmonth = jun,\n\tyear = {2016},\n\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: tSlxjwEACAAJ},\n\tkeywords = {Political Science / Intergovernmental Organizations, Political Science / International Relations / General, Political Science / Peace, Political Science / Public Policy / Military Policy, Technology \\&amp; Engineering / Military Science},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  This book systematically explores how different theoretical concepts of myth can be utilised to interpretively explore contemporary international politics. From the international community to warlords, from participation to effectiveness – international politics is replete with powerful narratives and commonly held beliefs that qualify as myths. Rebutting the understanding of myth-as-lie, this collection of essays unearths the ideological, naturalising, and depoliticising effect of myths. Myth and Narrative in International Politics: Interpretive Approaches to the Study of IR offers conceptual and methodological guidance on how to make sense of different myth theories and how to employ them in order to explore the powerful collective imaginations and ambiguities that underpin international politics today. Further, it assembles case studies of specific myths in different fields of International Relations, including warfare, global governance, interventionism, development aid, and statebuilding. The findings challenge conventional assumptions in International Relations, encouraging academics in IR and across a range of different fields and disciplines, including development studies, global governance studies, strategic and military studies, intervention and statebuilding studies, and peace and conflict studies, to rethink ideas that are widely unquestioned by policy and academic communities.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"jackson-thewestisthebestoccidentalismandpostwargermanreconstruction-2016\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781315291093-10/west-best-occidentalism-postwar-german-reconstruction-patrick-thaddeus-jackson\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'jackson-thewestisthebestoccidentalismandpostwargermanreconstruction-2016', 'https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781315291093-10/west-best-occidentalism-postwar-german-reconstruction-patrick-thaddeus-jackson', event);\">\n    The West Is the Best: Occidentalism and Postwar German Reconstruction.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Jackson, P. T.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  In Green, D. M., editor(s), <i>Constructivism and Comparative Politics</i>, pages 230–264. M.E. Sharpe, Armonk, NY, September 2016.\n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781315291093-10/west-best-occidentalism-postwar-german-reconstruction-patrick-thaddeus-jackson\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('jackson-thewestisthebestoccidentalismandpostwargermanreconstruction-2016', 'https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781315291093-10/west-best-occidentalism-postwar-german-reconstruction-patrick-thaddeus-jackson', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"The West Is the Best: Occidentalism and Postwar German Reconstruction [link]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.org/10.4324/9781315291093-10\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('jackson-thewestisthebestoccidentalismandpostwargermanreconstruction-2016', 'http://doi.org/10.4324/9781315291093-10', event.ctrlKey)\"\n     class=\"bibbase doi link\">\n    <span>doi</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/jackson-thewestisthebestoccidentalismandpostwargermanreconstruction-2016\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('jackson-thewestisthebestoccidentalismandpostwargermanreconstruction-2016')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@incollection{jackson_west_2016,\n\taddress = {Armonk, NY},\n\ttitle = {The {West} {Is} the {Best}: {Occidentalism} and {Postwar} {German} {Reconstruction}},\n\tisbn = {978-1-315-29109-3},\n\tshorttitle = {The {West} {Is} the {Best}},\n\turl = {https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781315291093-10/west-best-occidentalism-postwar-german-reconstruction-patrick-thaddeus-jackson},\n\tabstract = {The West Is the Best: Occidentalism and Postwar German Reconstruction - 1},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\turldate = {2024-08-12},\n\tbooktitle = {Constructivism and {Comparative} {Politics}},\n\tpublisher = {M.E. Sharpe},\n\tauthor = {Jackson, Patrick Thaddeus},\n\teditor = {Green, Daniel M.},\n\tmonth = sep,\n\tyear = {2016},\n\tdoi = {10.4324/9781315291093-10},\n\tpages = {230--264},\n}\n\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  The West Is the Best: Occidentalism and Postwar German Reconstruction - 1\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"yanow-haar-vlke-troubledtaxonomiesandthecalculatingstateeverydaycategorizingandraceethnicitythenetherlandscase-2016\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"https://research.wur.nl/en/publications/troubled-taxonomies-and-the-calculating-state-everyday-categorizi\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'yanow-haar-vlke-troubledtaxonomiesandthecalculatingstateeverydaycategorizingandraceethnicitythenetherlandscase-2016', 'https://research.wur.nl/en/publications/troubled-taxonomies-and-the-calculating-state-everyday-categorizi', event);\">\n    Troubled Taxonomies and the Calculating State: Everyday Categorizing and “Race-Ethnicity” - The Netherlands Case.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Yanow, D.; Haar, M. v. d.;  and Völke, K.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  <i>The Journal of Race, Ethnicity, and Politics</i>, 1(2): 187–226.  2016.\n  <span class=\"note\">Publisher: Cambridge University Press</span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"https://research.wur.nl/en/publications/troubled-taxonomies-and-the-calculating-state-everyday-categorizi\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('yanow-haar-vlke-troubledtaxonomiesandthecalculatingstateeverydaycategorizingandraceethnicitythenetherlandscase-2016', 'https://research.wur.nl/en/publications/troubled-taxonomies-and-the-calculating-state-everyday-categorizi', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"Troubled Taxonomies and the Calculating State: Everyday Categorizing and “Race-Ethnicity” - The Netherlands Case [link]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.org/10.1017/rep.2016.7\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('yanow-haar-vlke-troubledtaxonomiesandthecalculatingstateeverydaycategorizingandraceethnicitythenetherlandscase-2016', 'http://doi.org/10.1017/rep.2016.7', event.ctrlKey)\"\n     class=\"bibbase doi link\">\n    <span>doi</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/yanow-haar-vlke-troubledtaxonomiesandthecalculatingstateeverydaycategorizingandraceethnicitythenetherlandscase-2016\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('yanow-haar-vlke-troubledtaxonomiesandthecalculatingstateeverydaycategorizingandraceethnicitythenetherlandscase-2016')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@article{yanow_troubled_2016,\n\ttitle = {Troubled {Taxonomies} and the {Calculating} {State}: {Everyday} {Categorizing} and “{Race}-{Ethnicity}” - {The} {Netherlands} {Case}},\n\tvolume = {1},\n\tissn = {2056-6085},\n\tshorttitle = {Troubled {Taxonomies} and the {Calculating} {State}},\n\turl = {https://research.wur.nl/en/publications/troubled-taxonomies-and-the-calculating-state-everyday-categorizi},\n\tdoi = {10.1017/rep.2016.7},\n\tlanguage = {English},\n\tnumber = {2},\n\turldate = {2024-08-12},\n\tjournal = {The Journal of Race, Ethnicity, and Politics},\n\tauthor = {Yanow, D. and Haar, M. van der and Völke, K.},\n\tyear = {2016},\n\tnote = {Publisher: Cambridge University Press},\n\tpages = {187--226},\n}\n\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"wiebe-everydayexposureindigenousmobilizationandenvironmentaljusticeincanadaschemicalvalley-2016\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"https://press.uchicago.edu/ucp/books/book/distributed/E/bo70054609.html\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'wiebe-everydayexposureindigenousmobilizationandenvironmentaljusticeincanadaschemicalvalley-2016', 'https://press.uchicago.edu/ucp/books/book/distributed/E/bo70054609.html', event);\">\n    Everyday Exposure: Indigenous Mobilization and Environmental Justice in Canada’s Chemical Valley.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Wiebe, S. M.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  University of British Columbia Press, Vancouver, Canada,  2016.\n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"https://press.uchicago.edu/ucp/books/book/distributed/E/bo70054609.html\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('wiebe-everydayexposureindigenousmobilizationandenvironmentaljusticeincanadaschemicalvalley-2016', 'https://press.uchicago.edu/ucp/books/book/distributed/E/bo70054609.html', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"Everyday Exposure: Indigenous Mobilization and Environmental Justice in Canada’s Chemical Valley [link]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/wiebe-everydayexposureindigenousmobilizationandenvironmentaljusticeincanadaschemicalvalley-2016\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('wiebe-everydayexposureindigenousmobilizationandenvironmentaljusticeincanadaschemicalvalley-2016')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@book{wiebe_everyday_2016,\n\taddress = {Vancouver, Canada},\n\ttitle = {Everyday {Exposure}: {Indigenous} {Mobilization} and {Environmental} {Justice} in {Canada}’s {Chemical} {Valley}},\n\tisbn = {978-0-7748-3264-9},\n\tshorttitle = {Everyday {Exposure}},\n\turl = {https://press.uchicago.edu/ucp/books/book/distributed/E/bo70054609.html},\n\tabstract = {Surrounded by Canada’s densest concentration of chemical manufacturing plants, members of the Aamjiwnaang First Nation express concern about a declining male birth rate and high incidences of miscarriage, asthma, cancer, and cardiovascular illness. Everyday Exposure uncovers the systemic injustices they face as they fight for environmental justice. Exploring the problems that conflicting levels of jurisdiction pose for the creation of effective policy, analyzing clashes between Indigenous and scientific knowledge, and documenting the experiences of Aamjiwnaang residents as they navigate their toxic environment, this book argues that social and political change requires a transformative “sensing policy” approach, one that takes the voices of Indigenous citizens seriously.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\turldate = {2024-08-12},\n\tpublisher = {University of British Columbia Press},\n\tauthor = {Wiebe, Sarah Marie},\n\tyear = {2016},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  Surrounded by Canada’s densest concentration of chemical manufacturing plants, members of the Aamjiwnaang First Nation express concern about a declining male birth rate and high incidences of miscarriage, asthma, cancer, and cardiovascular illness. Everyday Exposure uncovers the systemic injustices they face as they fight for environmental justice. Exploring the problems that conflicting levels of jurisdiction pose for the creation of effective policy, analyzing clashes between Indigenous and scientific knowledge, and documenting the experiences of Aamjiwnaang residents as they navigate their toxic environment, this book argues that social and political change requires a transformative “sensing policy” approach, one that takes the voices of Indigenous citizens seriously.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"vanhulst-yanow-frompolicyframestoframingtheorizingamoredynamicpoliticalapproach-2016\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1177/0275074014533142\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'vanhulst-yanow-frompolicyframestoframingtheorizingamoredynamicpoliticalapproach-2016', 'https://doi.org/10.1177/0275074014533142', event);\">\n    From Policy “Frames” to “Framing”: Theorizing a More Dynamic, Political Approach.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  van Hulst, M.;  and Yanow, D.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  <i>The American Review of Public Administration</i>, 46(1): 92–112. January 2016.\n  <span class=\"note\">Publisher: SAGE Publications Inc</span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1177/0275074014533142\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('vanhulst-yanow-frompolicyframestoframingtheorizingamoredynamicpoliticalapproach-2016', 'https://doi.org/10.1177/0275074014533142', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"From Policy “Frames” to “Framing”: Theorizing a More Dynamic, Political Approach [link]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.org/10.1177/0275074014533142\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('vanhulst-yanow-frompolicyframestoframingtheorizingamoredynamicpoliticalapproach-2016', 'http://doi.org/10.1177/0275074014533142', event.ctrlKey)\"\n     class=\"bibbase doi link\">\n    <span>doi</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/vanhulst-yanow-frompolicyframestoframingtheorizingamoredynamicpoliticalapproach-2016\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('vanhulst-yanow-frompolicyframestoframingtheorizingamoredynamicpoliticalapproach-2016')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@article{van_hulst_policy_2016,\n\ttitle = {From {Policy} “{Frames}” to “{Framing}”: {Theorizing} a {More} {Dynamic}, {Political} {Approach}},\n\tvolume = {46},\n\tissn = {0275-0740},\n\tshorttitle = {From {Policy} “{Frames}” to “{Framing}”},\n\turl = {https://doi.org/10.1177/0275074014533142},\n\tdoi = {10.1177/0275074014533142},\n\tabstract = {The concept of frames or framing, especially cast as “frame analysis,” has an established history in public policy. Taking off from the work of Donald Schön and Martin Rein, we develop the idea of policy analytic framing, the more dynamic of the two terms, in ways that strengthen what we see as its promise for a more process-oriented and politically sensitive understanding of the activities it is used to characterize. We argue that such an approach needs to engage the following aspects of the work that framing does: sense-making; selecting, naming, and categorizing; and storytelling. In addition, frame theorizing needs to engage not only the way issues are framed but also the intertwining of framing and frame-makers’ identities, and the meta-communicative framing of policy processes.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {1},\n\turldate = {2024-08-12},\n\tjournal = {The American Review of Public Administration},\n\tauthor = {van Hulst, Merlijn and Yanow, Dvora},\n\tmonth = jan,\n\tyear = {2016},\n\tnote = {Publisher: SAGE Publications Inc},\n\tpages = {92--112},\n}\n\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  The concept of frames or framing, especially cast as “frame analysis,” has an established history in public policy. Taking off from the work of Donald Schön and Martin Rein, we develop the idea of policy analytic framing, the more dynamic of the two terms, in ways that strengthen what we see as its promise for a more process-oriented and politically sensitive understanding of the activities it is used to characterize. We argue that such an approach needs to engage the following aspects of the work that framing does: sense-making; selecting, naming, and categorizing; and storytelling. In addition, frame theorizing needs to engage not only the way issues are framed but also the intertwining of framing and frame-makers’ identities, and the meta-communicative framing of policy processes.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"simmons-marketreformsandwaterwars-2016\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"https://www.jstor.org/stable/24579184\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'simmons-marketreformsandwaterwars-2016', 'https://www.jstor.org/stable/24579184', event);\">\n    Market Reforms and Water Wars.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Simmons, E. S.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  <i>World Politics</i>, 68(1): 37–73.  2016.\n  <span class=\"note\">Publisher: [Cambridge University Press, Trustees of Princeton University]</span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"https://www.jstor.org/stable/24579184\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('simmons-marketreformsandwaterwars-2016', 'https://www.jstor.org/stable/24579184', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"Market Reforms and Water Wars [link]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/simmons-marketreformsandwaterwars-2016\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('simmons-marketreformsandwaterwars-2016')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@article{simmons_market_2016,\n\ttitle = {Market {Reforms} and {Water} {Wars}},\n\tvolume = {68},\n\tissn = {0043-8871},\n\turl = {https://www.jstor.org/stable/24579184},\n\tabstract = {Responses to the imposition of market-oriented economic policies have varied. This article asks two questions: (1) How can we better understand when marketization will or will not prompt resistance? And (2) when people do mobilize, why are some movements broad-based while others draw on particular segments of society? The author argues that these questions can best be answered by focusing not only on the political contexts and resources available to potential social movements, but also on what is perceived to be at stake during marketization. These perceptions influence mobilization processes and the kinds of groups available for mobilization. When people understand markets as threatening to material wellbeing, as well as to widely shared community relationships, understandings, and commitments, heightened feelings of group belonging can contribute to broad-based mobilization. The author develops this argument through analysis of the broad-based, widespread movement that emerged to protest water privatization in Cochabamba, Bolivia, in 1999 and 2000. In the context of a history of agriculture, irrigation, drought, and conflict, water helped to produce and reproduce imagined communities of nation, region, and ethnic group, as well as quotidian communities revolving around the routine production and consumption of water. These meanings help to explain the dynamics of the resistance that emerged.},\n\tnumber = {1},\n\turldate = {2024-08-12},\n\tjournal = {World Politics},\n\tauthor = {Simmons, Erica S.},\n\tyear = {2016},\n\tnote = {Publisher: [Cambridge University Press, Trustees of Princeton University]},\n\tpages = {37--73},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  Responses to the imposition of market-oriented economic policies have varied. This article asks two questions: (1) How can we better understand when marketization will or will not prompt resistance? And (2) when people do mobilize, why are some movements broad-based while others draw on particular segments of society? The author argues that these questions can best be answered by focusing not only on the political contexts and resources available to potential social movements, but also on what is perceived to be at stake during marketization. These perceptions influence mobilization processes and the kinds of groups available for mobilization. When people understand markets as threatening to material wellbeing, as well as to widely shared community relationships, understandings, and commitments, heightened feelings of group belonging can contribute to broad-based mobilization. The author develops this argument through analysis of the broad-based, widespread movement that emerged to protest water privatization in Cochabamba, Bolivia, in 1999 and 2000. In the context of a history of agriculture, irrigation, drought, and conflict, water helped to produce and reproduce imagined communities of nation, region, and ethnic group, as well as quotidian communities revolving around the routine production and consumption of water. These meanings help to explain the dynamics of the resistance that emerged.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"shesterinina-collectivethreatframingandmobilizationincivilwar-2016\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/american-political-science-review/article/abs/collective-threat-framing-and-mobilization-in-civil-war/330C40CA3925F3DA0DDC93BFA40F5C32\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'shesterinina-collectivethreatframingandmobilizationincivilwar-2016', 'https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/american-political-science-review/article/abs/collective-threat-framing-and-mobilization-in-civil-war/330C40CA3925F3DA0DDC93BFA40F5C32', event);\">\n    Collective Threat Framing and Mobilization in Civil War.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Shesterinina, A.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  <i>American Political Science Review</i>, 110(3): 411–427. August 2016.\n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/american-political-science-review/article/abs/collective-threat-framing-and-mobilization-in-civil-war/330C40CA3925F3DA0DDC93BFA40F5C32\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('shesterinina-collectivethreatframingandmobilizationincivilwar-2016', 'https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/american-political-science-review/article/abs/collective-threat-framing-and-mobilization-in-civil-war/330C40CA3925F3DA0DDC93BFA40F5C32', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"Collective Threat Framing and Mobilization in Civil War [link]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.org/10.1017/S0003055416000277\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('shesterinina-collectivethreatframingandmobilizationincivilwar-2016', 'http://doi.org/10.1017/S0003055416000277', event.ctrlKey)\"\n     class=\"bibbase doi link\">\n    <span>doi</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/shesterinina-collectivethreatframingandmobilizationincivilwar-2016\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('shesterinina-collectivethreatframingandmobilizationincivilwar-2016')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@article{shesterinina_collective_2016,\n\ttitle = {Collective {Threat} {Framing} and {Mobilization} in {Civil} {War}},\n\tvolume = {110},\n\tissn = {0003-0554, 1537-5943},\n\turl = {https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/american-political-science-review/article/abs/collective-threat-framing-and-mobilization-in-civil-war/330C40CA3925F3DA0DDC93BFA40F5C32},\n\tdoi = {10.1017/S0003055416000277},\n\tabstract = {Research on civil war mobilization emphasizes armed group recruitment tactics and individual motivations to fight, but does not explore how individuals come to perceive the threat involved in civil war. Drawing on eight months of fieldwork with participants and nonparticipants in the Georgian-Abkhaz war of 1992–93, this article argues that social structures, within which individuals are embedded, provide access to information critical for mobilization decisions by collectively framing threat. Threat framing filters from national through local leadership, to be consolidated and acted on within quotidian networks. Depending on how the threat is perceived—whether toward the self or the collectivity at its different levels—individuals adopt self- to other-regarding roles, from fleeing to fighting on behalf of the collectivity, even if it is a weaker actor in the war. This analysis sheds light on how the social framing of threat shapes mobilization trajectories and how normative and instrumental motivations interact in civil war.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {3},\n\turldate = {2024-08-12},\n\tjournal = {American Political Science Review},\n\tauthor = {Shesterinina, Anastasia},\n\tmonth = aug,\n\tyear = {2016},\n\tpages = {411--427},\n}\n\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  Research on civil war mobilization emphasizes armed group recruitment tactics and individual motivations to fight, but does not explore how individuals come to perceive the threat involved in civil war. Drawing on eight months of fieldwork with participants and nonparticipants in the Georgian-Abkhaz war of 1992–93, this article argues that social structures, within which individuals are embedded, provide access to information critical for mobilization decisions by collectively framing threat. Threat framing filters from national through local leadership, to be consolidated and acted on within quotidian networks. Depending on how the threat is perceived—whether toward the self or the collectivity at its different levels—individuals adopt self- to other-regarding roles, from fleeing to fighting on behalf of the collectivity, even if it is a weaker actor in the war. This analysis sheds light on how the social framing of threat shapes mobilization trajectories and how normative and instrumental motivations interact in civil war.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"reyes-thespectacleofviolenceinduterteswarondrugs-2016\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1177/186810341603500306\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'reyes-thespectacleofviolenceinduterteswarondrugs-2016', 'https://doi.org/10.1177/186810341603500306', event);\">\n    The Spectacle of Violence in Duterte's “War on Drugs”.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Reyes, D. A.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  <i>Journal of Current Southeast Asian Affairs</i>, 35(3): 111–137. December 2016.\n  <span class=\"note\">Publisher: SAGE Publications Ltd</span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1177/186810341603500306\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('reyes-thespectacleofviolenceinduterteswarondrugs-2016', 'https://doi.org/10.1177/186810341603500306', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"The Spectacle of Violence in Duterte&#x27;s “War on Drugs” [link]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.org/10.1177/186810341603500306\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('reyes-thespectacleofviolenceinduterteswarondrugs-2016', 'http://doi.org/10.1177/186810341603500306', event.ctrlKey)\"\n     class=\"bibbase doi link\">\n    <span>doi</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/reyes-thespectacleofviolenceinduterteswarondrugs-2016\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('reyes-thespectacleofviolenceinduterteswarondrugs-2016')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@article{reyes_spectacle_2016,\n\ttitle = {The {Spectacle} of {Violence} in {Duterte}&#x27;s “{War} on {Drugs}”},\n\tvolume = {35},\n\tissn = {1868-1034},\n\turl = {https://doi.org/10.1177/186810341603500306},\n\tdoi = {10.1177/186810341603500306},\n\tabstract = {This article argues that, in Duterte&#x27;s “war on drugs”, state power is exercised through the body in a spectacle of humiliation and violence. The analysis draws from the work of Foucault (1979) on the political value of a spectacle of the body to explain the distinctive character of Duterte&#x27;s violent war on drugs; of Feldman (1991) on the use of the body as an object in which violence is embodied to send political messages; of Agamben (1995) on eliminating life supposedly devoid of value; and on Mumford et al. (2007), who pointed to the popularity of “violent ideological leaders.” I argue that, under the Duterte administration, criminals are humiliated and killed in a spectacle of violence that politicises their lives, sending a message that intimidates others. In the process, law-abiding citizens are meant to feel safe, which is seen as likely to increase the newly elected president&#x27;s popularity and his power as chief executive. Duterte has thereby politicised life, not only putting criminals outside the benefit of state protection but actively targeting them. Duterte is the first mayor and president to have actively targeted criminals and, in doing so has encouraged other politicians to follow his example. The politicisation of the bodies of criminals is distinctive in Duterte&#x27;s form of violence. This article is drawn from data sets of individual killings when Duterte was either serving as or acting behind the mayor of Davao, and compared with cases of drug-related killings since he became president on 30 June 2016.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {3},\n\turldate = {2024-08-12},\n\tjournal = {Journal of Current Southeast Asian Affairs},\n\tauthor = {Reyes, Danilo Andres},\n\tmonth = dec,\n\tyear = {2016},\n\tnote = {Publisher: SAGE Publications Ltd},\n\tpages = {111--137},\n}\n\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  This article argues that, in Duterte's “war on drugs”, state power is exercised through the body in a spectacle of humiliation and violence. The analysis draws from the work of Foucault (1979) on the political value of a spectacle of the body to explain the distinctive character of Duterte's violent war on drugs; of Feldman (1991) on the use of the body as an object in which violence is embodied to send political messages; of Agamben (1995) on eliminating life supposedly devoid of value; and on Mumford et al. (2007), who pointed to the popularity of “violent ideological leaders.” I argue that, under the Duterte administration, criminals are humiliated and killed in a spectacle of violence that politicises their lives, sending a message that intimidates others. In the process, law-abiding citizens are meant to feel safe, which is seen as likely to increase the newly elected president's popularity and his power as chief executive. Duterte has thereby politicised life, not only putting criminals outside the benefit of state protection but actively targeting them. Duterte is the first mayor and president to have actively targeted criminals and, in doing so has encouraged other politicians to follow his example. The politicisation of the bodies of criminals is distinctive in Duterte's form of violence. This article is drawn from data sets of individual killings when Duterte was either serving as or acting behind the mayor of Davao, and compared with cases of drug-related killings since he became president on 30 June 2016.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"pouliot-internationalpeckingordersthepoliticsandpracticeofmultilateraldiplomacy-2016\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/international-pecking-orders/A7C62B3209277B40EB4D594E30233B58\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'pouliot-internationalpeckingordersthepoliticsandpracticeofmultilateraldiplomacy-2016', 'https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/international-pecking-orders/A7C62B3209277B40EB4D594E30233B58', event);\">\n    International Pecking Orders: The Politics and Practice of Multilateral Diplomacy.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Pouliot, V.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK,  2016.\n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/international-pecking-orders/A7C62B3209277B40EB4D594E30233B58\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('pouliot-internationalpeckingordersthepoliticsandpracticeofmultilateraldiplomacy-2016', 'https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/international-pecking-orders/A7C62B3209277B40EB4D594E30233B58', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"International Pecking Orders: The Politics and Practice of Multilateral Diplomacy [link]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781316534564\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('pouliot-internationalpeckingordersthepoliticsandpracticeofmultilateraldiplomacy-2016', 'http://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781316534564', event.ctrlKey)\"\n     class=\"bibbase doi link\">\n    <span>doi</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/pouliot-internationalpeckingordersthepoliticsandpracticeofmultilateraldiplomacy-2016\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('pouliot-internationalpeckingordersthepoliticsandpracticeofmultilateraldiplomacy-2016')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@book{pouliot_international_2016,\n\taddress = {Cambridge, UK},\n\ttitle = {International {Pecking} {Orders}: {The} {Politics} and {Practice} of {Multilateral} {Diplomacy}},\n\tisbn = {978-1-107-14343-2},\n\tshorttitle = {International {Pecking} {Orders}},\n\turl = {https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/international-pecking-orders/A7C62B3209277B40EB4D594E30233B58},\n\tabstract = {In any multilateral setting, some state representatives weigh much more heavily than others. Practitioners often refer to this form of diplomatic hierarchy as the &#x27;international pecking order&#x27;. This book is a study of international hierarchy in practice, as it emerges out of the multilateral diplomatic process. Building on the social theories of Erving Goffman and Pierre Bourdieu, it argues that diplomacy produces inequality. Delving into the politics and inner dynamics of NATO and the UN as case studies, Vincent Pouliot shows that pecking orders are eminently complex social forms: contingent yet durable; constraining but also full of agency; operating at different levels, depending on issues; and defined in significant part locally, in and through the practice of multilateral diplomacy.},\n\turldate = {2024-08-12},\n\tpublisher = {Cambridge University Press},\n\tauthor = {Pouliot, Vincent},\n\tyear = {2016},\n\tdoi = {10.1017/CBO9781316534564},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  In any multilateral setting, some state representatives weigh much more heavily than others. Practitioners often refer to this form of diplomatic hierarchy as the 'international pecking order'. This book is a study of international hierarchy in practice, as it emerges out of the multilateral diplomatic process. Building on the social theories of Erving Goffman and Pierre Bourdieu, it argues that diplomacy produces inequality. Delving into the politics and inner dynamics of NATO and the UN as case studies, Vincent Pouliot shows that pecking orders are eminently complex social forms: contingent yet durable; constraining but also full of agency; operating at different levels, depending on issues; and defined in significant part locally, in and through the practice of multilateral diplomacy.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"murthy-kurtz-internationalresponsibilityassolidaritytheimpactoftheworldsummitnegotiationsonther2ptrajectory-2016\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1080/13600826.2015.1094451\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'murthy-kurtz-internationalresponsibilityassolidaritytheimpactoftheworldsummitnegotiationsonther2ptrajectory-2016', 'https://doi.org/10.1080/13600826.2015.1094451', event);\">\n    International Responsibility as Solidarity: The Impact of the World Summit Negotiations on the R2P Trajectory.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Murthy, C.;  and Kurtz, G.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  <i>Global Society</i>, 30(1): 38–53. January 2016.\n  <span class=\"note\">Publisher: Routledge _eprint: https://doi.org/10.1080/13600826.2015.1094451</span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1080/13600826.2015.1094451\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('murthy-kurtz-internationalresponsibilityassolidaritytheimpactoftheworldsummitnegotiationsonther2ptrajectory-2016', 'https://doi.org/10.1080/13600826.2015.1094451', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"International Responsibility as Solidarity: The Impact of the World Summit Negotiations on the R2P Trajectory [link]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.org/10.1080/13600826.2015.1094451\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('murthy-kurtz-internationalresponsibilityassolidaritytheimpactoftheworldsummitnegotiationsonther2ptrajectory-2016', 'http://doi.org/10.1080/13600826.2015.1094451', event.ctrlKey)\"\n     class=\"bibbase doi link\">\n    <span>doi</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/murthy-kurtz-internationalresponsibilityassolidaritytheimpactoftheworldsummitnegotiationsonther2ptrajectory-2016\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('murthy-kurtz-internationalresponsibilityassolidaritytheimpactoftheworldsummitnegotiationsonther2ptrajectory-2016')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@article{murthy_international_2016,\n\ttitle = {International {Responsibility} as {Solidarity}: {The} {Impact} of the {World} {Summit} {Negotiations} on the {R2P} {Trajectory}},\n\tvolume = {30},\n\tissn = {1360-0826},\n\tshorttitle = {International {Responsibility} as {Solidarity}},\n\turl = {https://doi.org/10.1080/13600826.2015.1094451},\n\tdoi = {10.1080/13600826.2015.1094451},\n\tabstract = {The 2005 World Summit&#x27;s endorsement of a responsibility to protect people from atrocity crimes, widely hailed as a landmark agreement, became possible through a discursive shift in the negotiations leading up to the summit, where a normative approach of international solidarity started to replace bitter debates about the legitimacy of military intervention. This approach identified the lack of sufficient state capacities to adequately deal with atrocity crimes as a core problem, with capacity building and international assistance as solutions. Consequently, the outcome document was most influential in these areas, enabling policy entrepreneurs to further institutionalise early warning in the UN Secretariat, frame international disputes in more sovereignty-friendly and thus relatively constructive terms, and fit with a broader trend towards ever more robust peace operations with the priority mandate to protect civilians. This means R2P remains largely tied to non-state violence, however, leaving unresolved the perennial question of international actions concerning repressive states.},\n\tnumber = {1},\n\turldate = {2024-08-12},\n\tjournal = {Global Society},\n\tauthor = {Murthy, C.S.R. and Kurtz, Gerrit},\n\tmonth = jan,\n\tyear = {2016},\n\tnote = {Publisher: Routledge\n\\_eprint: https://doi.org/10.1080/13600826.2015.1094451},\n\tpages = {38--53},\n}\n\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  The 2005 World Summit's endorsement of a responsibility to protect people from atrocity crimes, widely hailed as a landmark agreement, became possible through a discursive shift in the negotiations leading up to the summit, where a normative approach of international solidarity started to replace bitter debates about the legitimacy of military intervention. This approach identified the lack of sufficient state capacities to adequately deal with atrocity crimes as a core problem, with capacity building and international assistance as solutions. Consequently, the outcome document was most influential in these areas, enabling policy entrepreneurs to further institutionalise early warning in the UN Secretariat, frame international disputes in more sovereignty-friendly and thus relatively constructive terms, and fit with a broader trend towards ever more robust peace operations with the priority mandate to protect civilians. This means R2P remains largely tied to non-state violence, however, leaving unresolved the perennial question of international actions concerning repressive states.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"marusek-politicsofparkingrightsidentityandproperty-2016\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"https://www.routledge.com/Politics-of-Parking-Rights-Identity-and-Property/Marusek/p/book/9781138116924\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'marusek-politicsofparkingrightsidentityandproperty-2016', 'https://www.routledge.com/Politics-of-Parking-Rights-Identity-and-Property/Marusek/p/book/9781138116924', event);\">\n    Politics of Parking: Rights, Identity, and Property.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Marusek, S.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  Routledge, New York, N.Y,  2016.\n  <span class=\"note\">Google-Books-ID: IIKpV1eRNjQC</span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"https://www.routledge.com/Politics-of-Parking-Rights-Identity-and-Property/Marusek/p/book/9781138116924\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('marusek-politicsofparkingrightsidentityandproperty-2016', 'https://www.routledge.com/Politics-of-Parking-Rights-Identity-and-Property/Marusek/p/book/9781138116924', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"Politics of Parking: Rights, Identity, and Property [link]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/marusek-politicsofparkingrightsidentityandproperty-2016\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('marusek-politicsofparkingrightsidentityandproperty-2016')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@book{marusek_politics_2016,\n\taddress = {New York, N.Y},\n\ttitle = {Politics of {Parking}: {Rights}, {Identity}, and {Property}},\n\tisbn = {978-1-4094-9802-5},\n\tshorttitle = {Politics of {Parking}},\n\turl = {https://www.routledge.com/Politics-of-Parking-Rights-Identity-and-Property/Marusek/p/book/9781138116924},\n\tabstract = {There is more to parking law than just parking penalties. Considering the ways in which law works in everyday life, and in familiar places of common experience where the presence of law is not obvious, this book explores the various notions of the right to park, which jurisprudentially is enacted between individuals in everyday parking. From parking areas to the courtroom, parking engenders disputes over equality, speech, legitimacy, and entitlement that reach beyond the stated scope of policy. Looking beyond the obvious, this book examines the contested site of the parking space as a place of socio-legal meaning where property claims and rights shape identities. Adopting a constitutive approach to the study of law, the book examines how regulation of parking policy is at odds with the force of localised politics, producing competing notions of legality and examples of legal semiotics within the terrain of legal geography.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tpublisher = {Routledge},\n\tauthor = {Marusek, Sarah},\n\tyear = {2016},\n\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: IIKpV1eRNjQC},\n\tkeywords = {Law / Public},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  There is more to parking law than just parking penalties. Considering the ways in which law works in everyday life, and in familiar places of common experience where the presence of law is not obvious, this book explores the various notions of the right to park, which jurisprudentially is enacted between individuals in everyday parking. From parking areas to the courtroom, parking engenders disputes over equality, speech, legitimacy, and entitlement that reach beyond the stated scope of policy. Looking beyond the obvious, this book examines the contested site of the parking space as a place of socio-legal meaning where property claims and rights shape identities. Adopting a constitutive approach to the study of law, the book examines how regulation of parking policy is at odds with the force of localised politics, producing competing notions of legality and examples of legal semiotics within the terrain of legal geography.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"hopf-allan-makingidentitycountbuildinganationalidentitydatabase-2016\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190255473.001.0001\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'hopf-allan-makingidentitycountbuildinganationalidentitydatabase-2016', 'https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190255473.001.0001', event);\">\n    Making Identity Count: Building a National Identity Database.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Hopf, T.;  and Allan, B. B.,\n  editors.\n  \n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK, July 2016.\n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190255473.001.0001\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('hopf-allan-makingidentitycountbuildinganationalidentitydatabase-2016', 'https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190255473.001.0001', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"Making Identity Count: Building a National Identity Database [link]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190255473.001.0001\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('hopf-allan-makingidentitycountbuildinganationalidentitydatabase-2016', 'http://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190255473.001.0001', event.ctrlKey)\"\n     class=\"bibbase doi link\">\n    <span>doi</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/hopf-allan-makingidentitycountbuildinganationalidentitydatabase-2016\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('hopf-allan-makingidentitycountbuildinganationalidentitydatabase-2016')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@book{hopf_making_2016,\n\taddress = {Oxford, UK},\n\ttitle = {Making {Identity} {Count}: {Building} a {National} {Identity} {Database}},\n\tisbn = {978-0-19-025547-3},\n\turl = {https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190255473.001.0001},\n\tabstract = {Making Identity Count outlines a method for the interpretive and quantitative study of national identity. It argues that constructivist international relations (IR) theories of identity have not yet been tested in large-n quantitative work because an intersubjective data set has never been produced. Instead, existing quantitative work reduces identity to language, ethnicity, or religion. However, these variables do not capture the intersubjective content of national identities. Other methods for measuring identity such as surveys or content analysis do not employ an inductive “ethnographic sensibility” that allows subjects speak and salient identities to emerge. This volume argues that interpretivist ethnographic sensibility and quantitative concerns with replicability can be fruitfully combined in a method of discourse analysis to produce a large-n intersubjective database of national identity. The empirical chapters present the first step of this project: examples of transparent, replicable discourse analysis of national identity that can be used as the basis for quantitative operationalizations of identity. The volume presents results from nine country reports: Brazil, China, France, Germany, India (Hindi), India (English), Japan, the United Kingdom, and the United States. The results are used to theorize a constructivist account of hegemonic transition and draw out the implications of the results for the future of Western democratic neoliberal hegemony. The volume concludes that while there is strong support for the democratic elements of Western hegemony, mass texts all over the world express concern with the negative effects of neoliberal capitalism.},\n\turldate = {2024-11-08},\n\tpublisher = {Oxford University Press},\n\teditor = {Hopf, Ted and Allan, Bentley B.},\n\tmonth = jul,\n\tyear = {2016},\n\tdoi = {10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190255473.001.0001},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  Making Identity Count outlines a method for the interpretive and quantitative study of national identity. It argues that constructivist international relations (IR) theories of identity have not yet been tested in large-n quantitative work because an intersubjective data set has never been produced. Instead, existing quantitative work reduces identity to language, ethnicity, or religion. However, these variables do not capture the intersubjective content of national identities. Other methods for measuring identity such as surveys or content analysis do not employ an inductive “ethnographic sensibility” that allows subjects speak and salient identities to emerge. This volume argues that interpretivist ethnographic sensibility and quantitative concerns with replicability can be fruitfully combined in a method of discourse analysis to produce a large-n intersubjective database of national identity. The empirical chapters present the first step of this project: examples of transparent, replicable discourse analysis of national identity that can be used as the basis for quantitative operationalizations of identity. The volume presents results from nine country reports: Brazil, China, France, Germany, India (Hindi), India (English), Japan, the United Kingdom, and the United States. The results are used to theorize a constructivist account of hegemonic transition and draw out the implications of the results for the future of Western democratic neoliberal hegemony. The volume concludes that while there is strong support for the democratic elements of Western hegemony, mass texts all over the world express concern with the negative effects of neoliberal capitalism.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"holdo-deliberativecapitalrecognitioninparticipatorybudgeting-2016\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1080/19460171.2015.1077718\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'holdo-deliberativecapitalrecognitioninparticipatorybudgeting-2016', 'https://doi.org/10.1080/19460171.2015.1077718', event);\">\n    Deliberative capital: recognition in participatory budgeting.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Holdo, M.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  <i>Critical Policy Studies</i>, 10(4): 391–409. October 2016.\n  <span class=\"note\">Publisher: Routledge _eprint: https://doi.org/10.1080/19460171.2015.1077718</span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1080/19460171.2015.1077718\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('holdo-deliberativecapitalrecognitioninparticipatorybudgeting-2016', 'https://doi.org/10.1080/19460171.2015.1077718', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"Deliberative capital: recognition in participatory budgeting [link]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.org/10.1080/19460171.2015.1077718\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('holdo-deliberativecapitalrecognitioninparticipatorybudgeting-2016', 'http://doi.org/10.1080/19460171.2015.1077718', event.ctrlKey)\"\n     class=\"bibbase doi link\">\n    <span>doi</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/holdo-deliberativecapitalrecognitioninparticipatorybudgeting-2016\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('holdo-deliberativecapitalrecognitioninparticipatorybudgeting-2016')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@article{holdo_deliberative_2016,\n\ttitle = {Deliberative capital: recognition in participatory budgeting},\n\tvolume = {10},\n\tissn = {1946-0171},\n\tshorttitle = {Deliberative capital},\n\turl = {https://doi.org/10.1080/19460171.2015.1077718},\n\tdoi = {10.1080/19460171.2015.1077718},\n\tabstract = {This article suggests (1) that deliberative democrats seeking to understand the conditions of inclusion in the public sphere should reconsider whether deliberative ‘skills,’ ‘competence,’ and ‘capacity’ are adequate to capture what effective participation requires, (2) that they would understand this differently, and better, by thinking in terms of deliberative capital, a concept more sensitive to how norms condition recognition of legitimate speakers, (3) that interpretive inquiries focused on practices in concrete deliberative fields can enrich our understanding of the conditions of inclusion. This article presents an account of participatory budgeting in Rosario, Argentina, based on observations and interviews with participants, and focuses on interpreting the meanings that participation has for citizen ‘councilors’. It finds that deliberative practices produce alternative sources of recognition, on the basis of which members of the field of deliberation expect recognition also outside the field. The concept of deliberative capital brings to the fore the symbolic values of deliberative practices and provides an alternative view on how they matter for participation in the wider public sphere.},\n\tnumber = {4},\n\turldate = {2024-08-11},\n\tjournal = {Critical Policy Studies},\n\tauthor = {Holdo, Markus},\n\tmonth = oct,\n\tyear = {2016},\n\tnote = {Publisher: Routledge\n\\_eprint: https://doi.org/10.1080/19460171.2015.1077718},\n\tkeywords = {Bourdieu, deliberative democracy, inclusion, participatory budgeting, recognition, skills},\n\tpages = {391--409},\n}\n\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  This article suggests (1) that deliberative democrats seeking to understand the conditions of inclusion in the public sphere should reconsider whether deliberative ‘skills,’ ‘competence,’ and ‘capacity’ are adequate to capture what effective participation requires, (2) that they would understand this differently, and better, by thinking in terms of deliberative capital, a concept more sensitive to how norms condition recognition of legitimate speakers, (3) that interpretive inquiries focused on practices in concrete deliberative fields can enrich our understanding of the conditions of inclusion. This article presents an account of participatory budgeting in Rosario, Argentina, based on observations and interviews with participants, and focuses on interpreting the meanings that participation has for citizen ‘councilors’. It finds that deliberative practices produce alternative sources of recognition, on the basis of which members of the field of deliberation expect recognition also outside the field. The concept of deliberative capital brings to the fore the symbolic values of deliberative practices and provides an alternative view on how they matter for participation in the wider public sphere.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"cramer-thepoliticsofresentmentruralconsciousnessinwisconsinandtheriseofscottwalker-2016\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"https://press.uchicago.edu/ucp/books/book/chicago/P/bo22879533.html\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'cramer-thepoliticsofresentmentruralconsciousnessinwisconsinandtheriseofscottwalker-2016', 'https://press.uchicago.edu/ucp/books/book/chicago/P/bo22879533.html', event);\">\n    The Politics of Resentment: Rural Consciousness in Wisconsin and the Rise of Scott Walker.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Cramer, K. J.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n   of Chicago Studies in American PoliticsUniversity of Chicago Press, Chicago, IL, March 2016.\n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"https://press.uchicago.edu/ucp/books/book/chicago/P/bo22879533.html\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('cramer-thepoliticsofresentmentruralconsciousnessinwisconsinandtheriseofscottwalker-2016', 'https://press.uchicago.edu/ucp/books/book/chicago/P/bo22879533.html', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"The Politics of Resentment: Rural Consciousness in Wisconsin and the Rise of Scott Walker [link]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/cramer-thepoliticsofresentmentruralconsciousnessinwisconsinandtheriseofscottwalker-2016\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('cramer-thepoliticsofresentmentruralconsciousnessinwisconsinandtheriseofscottwalker-2016')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@book{cramer_politics_2016,\n\taddress = {Chicago, IL},\n\tseries = {Chicago {Studies} in {American} {Politics}},\n\ttitle = {The {Politics} of {Resentment}: {Rural} {Consciousness} in {Wisconsin} and the {Rise} of {Scott} {Walker}},\n\tisbn = {978-0-226-34911-4},\n\tshorttitle = {The {Politics} of {Resentment}},\n\turl = {https://press.uchicago.edu/ucp/books/book/chicago/P/bo22879533.html},\n\tabstract = {Since the election of Scott Walker, Wisconsin has been seen as ground zero for debates about the appropriate role of government in the wake of the Great Recession. In a time of rising inequality, Walker not only survived a bitterly contested recall that brought thousands of protesters to Capitol Square, he was subsequently reelected. How could this happen? How is it that the very people who stand to benefit from strong government services not only vote against the candidates who support those services but are vehemently against the very idea of big government?             With The Politics of Resentment, Katherine J. Cramer uncovers an oft-overlooked piece of the puzzle: rural political consciousness and the resentment of the “liberal elite.” Rural voters are distrustful that politicians will respect the distinct values of their communities and allocate a fair share of resources. What can look like disagreements about basic political principles are therefore actually rooted in something even more fundamental: who we are as people and how closely a candidate’s social identity matches our own. Using Scott Walker and Wisconsin’s prominent and protracted debate about the appropriate role of government, Cramer illuminates the contours of rural consciousness, showing how place-based identities profoundly influence how people understand politics, regardless of whether urban politicians and their supporters really do shortchange or look down on those living in the country.The Politics of Resentment shows that rural resentment—no less than partisanship, race, or class—plays a major role in dividing America against itself.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\turldate = {2024-08-11},\n\tpublisher = {University of Chicago Press},\n\tauthor = {Cramer, Katherine J.},\n\tmonth = mar,\n\tyear = {2016},\n\tkeywords = {21st century, american studies, arguments, conservatives, debate, division, governing, government, governor, great recession, inequality, journalism, liberal elite, listening, mass communication, perception, political science, politicians, politics, public services, republican party, resentment, right wing, right-leaning, rural areas, scott walker, social identity, united states of america, usa, wisconsin},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  Since the election of Scott Walker, Wisconsin has been seen as ground zero for debates about the appropriate role of government in the wake of the Great Recession. In a time of rising inequality, Walker not only survived a bitterly contested recall that brought thousands of protesters to Capitol Square, he was subsequently reelected. How could this happen? How is it that the very people who stand to benefit from strong government services not only vote against the candidates who support those services but are vehemently against the very idea of big government?             With The Politics of Resentment, Katherine J. Cramer uncovers an oft-overlooked piece of the puzzle: rural political consciousness and the resentment of the “liberal elite.” Rural voters are distrustful that politicians will respect the distinct values of their communities and allocate a fair share of resources. What can look like disagreements about basic political principles are therefore actually rooted in something even more fundamental: who we are as people and how closely a candidate’s social identity matches our own. Using Scott Walker and Wisconsin’s prominent and protracted debate about the appropriate role of government, Cramer illuminates the contours of rural consciousness, showing how place-based identities profoundly influence how people understand politics, regardless of whether urban politicians and their supporters really do shortchange or look down on those living in the country.The Politics of Resentment shows that rural resentment—no less than partisanship, race, or class—plays a major role in dividing America against itself.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"connelly-theimportanceofinterpretivesocialsciencetopromotingrenewableenergyandsustainabledevelopment-2016\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"http://dx.doi.org/10.21622/RESD.2016.02.2.068\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'connelly-theimportanceofinterpretivesocialsciencetopromotingrenewableenergyandsustainabledevelopment-2016', 'http://dx.doi.org/10.21622/RESD.2016.02.2.068', event);\">\n    The importance of interpretive social science to promoting renewable energy and sustainable development.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Connelly, S.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  <i>Renewable Energy & Sustainable Development</i>, 2(2): 68–69. July 2016.\n  <span class=\"note\">Num Pages: 2 Number: 2 Publisher: Arab Academy for Science, Technology, and Maritime Transport</span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://dx.doi.org/10.21622/RESD.2016.02.2.068\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('connelly-theimportanceofinterpretivesocialsciencetopromotingrenewableenergyandsustainabledevelopment-2016', 'http://dx.doi.org/10.21622/RESD.2016.02.2.068', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"The importance of interpretive social science to promoting renewable energy and sustainable development [link]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/connelly-theimportanceofinterpretivesocialsciencetopromotingrenewableenergyandsustainabledevelopment-2016\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('connelly-theimportanceofinterpretivesocialsciencetopromotingrenewableenergyandsustainabledevelopment-2016')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@article{connelly_importance_2016,\n\ttitle = {The importance of interpretive social science to promoting renewable energy and sustainable development},\n\tvolume = {2},\n\tcopyright = {cc\\_by\\_nc\\_nd\\_4},\n\turl = {http://dx.doi.org/10.21622/RESD.2016.02.2.068},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {2},\n\turldate = {2024-08-11},\n\tjournal = {Renewable Energy \\&amp; Sustainable Development},\n\tauthor = {Connelly, S.},\n\tmonth = jul,\n\tyear = {2016},\n\tnote = {Num Pages: 2\nNumber: 2\nPublisher: Arab Academy for Science, Technology, and Maritime Transport},\n\tpages = {68--69},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"barbehn-mnch-gehring-grossmann-haus-heinelt-urbanproblemdiscoursesunderstandingthedistinctivenessofcities-2016\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1111/juaf.12206\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'barbehn-mnch-gehring-grossmann-haus-heinelt-urbanproblemdiscoursesunderstandingthedistinctivenessofcities-2016', 'https://doi.org/10.1111/juaf.12206', event);\">\n    Urban Problem Discourses: Understanding the Distinctiveness of Cities.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Barbehön, M.; Münch, S.; Gehring, P.; Grossmann, A.; Haus, M.;  and Heinelt, H.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  <i>Journal of Urban Affairs</i>, 38(2): 236–251. May 2016.\n  <span class=\"note\">Publisher: Routledge _eprint: https://doi.org/10.1111/juaf.12206</span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1111/juaf.12206\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('barbehn-mnch-gehring-grossmann-haus-heinelt-urbanproblemdiscoursesunderstandingthedistinctivenessofcities-2016', 'https://doi.org/10.1111/juaf.12206', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"Urban Problem Discourses: Understanding the Distinctiveness of Cities [link]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.org/10.1111/juaf.12206\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('barbehn-mnch-gehring-grossmann-haus-heinelt-urbanproblemdiscoursesunderstandingthedistinctivenessofcities-2016', 'http://doi.org/10.1111/juaf.12206', event.ctrlKey)\"\n     class=\"bibbase doi link\">\n    <span>doi</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/barbehn-mnch-gehring-grossmann-haus-heinelt-urbanproblemdiscoursesunderstandingthedistinctivenessofcities-2016\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('barbehn-mnch-gehring-grossmann-haus-heinelt-urbanproblemdiscoursesunderstandingthedistinctivenessofcities-2016')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@article{barbehon_urban_2016,\n\ttitle = {Urban {Problem} {Discourses}: {Understanding} the {Distinctiveness} of {Cities}},\n\tvolume = {38},\n\tissn = {0735-2166},\n\tshorttitle = {Urban {Problem} {Discourses}},\n\turl = {https://doi.org/10.1111/juaf.12206},\n\tdoi = {10.1111/juaf.12206},\n\tabstract = {Despite the insistence in interpretive policy analysis that the discursive construction of problems must be understood in terms of their historical and spatial context, it remains an open question how cities provide such a context. We argue that cities as a distinct form of sociation enable certain (discursive) actions, while restricting others. Taking both the interest of interpretive policy analysis in the social construction of political reality and holistic concepts of approaching the distinctiveness of cities as starting points, we scrutinize how the cities of Frankfurt/Main, Dortmund, Birmingham, and Glasgow provide distinct contexts for the construction of local policy problems. Based on an inquiry into urban discourses we ask, first, how problematizations involve locally specific attributions of problem causes and responsibilities for problem solving and, second, how this is related to a locally distinct understanding of the city’s past, present, and future.},\n\tnumber = {2},\n\turldate = {2024-08-09},\n\tjournal = {Journal of Urban Affairs},\n\tauthor = {Barbehön, Marlon and Münch, Sybille and Gehring, Petra and Grossmann, Andreas and Haus, Michael and Heinelt, Hubert},\n\tmonth = may,\n\tyear = {2016},\n\tnote = {Publisher: Routledge\n\\_eprint: https://doi.org/10.1111/juaf.12206},\n\tpages = {236--251},\n}\n\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  Despite the insistence in interpretive policy analysis that the discursive construction of problems must be understood in terms of their historical and spatial context, it remains an open question how cities provide such a context. We argue that cities as a distinct form of sociation enable certain (discursive) actions, while restricting others. Taking both the interest of interpretive policy analysis in the social construction of political reality and holistic concepts of approaching the distinctiveness of cities as starting points, we scrutinize how the cities of Frankfurt/Main, Dortmund, Birmingham, and Glasgow provide distinct contexts for the construction of local policy problems. Based on an inquiry into urban discourses we ask, first, how problematizations involve locally specific attributions of problem causes and responsibilities for problem solving and, second, how this is related to a locally distinct understanding of the city’s past, present, and future.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"schwartzshea-yanow-legitimizingpoliticalscienceorsplittingthedisciplinereflectionsondartandthepolicymakingroleofaprofessionalassociation-2016\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/politics-and-gender/article/abs/legitimizing-political-science-or-splitting-the-discipline-reflections-on-dart-and-the-policymaking-role-of-a-professional-association/A17256D5613DC36ACDD21127FF2B7287\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'schwartzshea-yanow-legitimizingpoliticalscienceorsplittingthedisciplinereflectionsondartandthepolicymakingroleofaprofessionalassociation-2016', 'https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/politics-and-gender/article/abs/legitimizing-political-science-or-splitting-the-discipline-reflections-on-dart-and-the-policymaking-role-of-a-professional-association/A17256D5613DC36ACDD21127FF2B7287', event);\">\n    Legitimizing Political Science or Splitting the Discipline? Reflections on DA-RT and the Policy-making Role of a Professional Association.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Schwartz-Shea, P.;  and Yanow, D.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  <i>Politics & Gender</i>, 12(3): E11, 1–9. September 2016.\n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/politics-and-gender/article/abs/legitimizing-political-science-or-splitting-the-discipline-reflections-on-dart-and-the-policymaking-role-of-a-professional-association/A17256D5613DC36ACDD21127FF2B7287\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('schwartzshea-yanow-legitimizingpoliticalscienceorsplittingthedisciplinereflectionsondartandthepolicymakingroleofaprofessionalassociation-2016', 'https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/politics-and-gender/article/abs/legitimizing-political-science-or-splitting-the-discipline-reflections-on-dart-and-the-policymaking-role-of-a-professional-association/A17256D5613DC36ACDD21127FF2B7287', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"Legitimizing Political Science or Splitting the Discipline? Reflections on DA-RT and the Policy-making Role of a Professional Association [link]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.org/10.1017/S1743923X16000428\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('schwartzshea-yanow-legitimizingpoliticalscienceorsplittingthedisciplinereflectionsondartandthepolicymakingroleofaprofessionalassociation-2016', 'http://doi.org/10.1017/S1743923X16000428', event.ctrlKey)\"\n     class=\"bibbase doi link\">\n    <span>doi</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/schwartzshea-yanow-legitimizingpoliticalscienceorsplittingthedisciplinereflectionsondartandthepolicymakingroleofaprofessionalassociation-2016\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('schwartzshea-yanow-legitimizingpoliticalscienceorsplittingthedisciplinereflectionsondartandthepolicymakingroleofaprofessionalassociation-2016')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@article{schwartz-shea_legitimizing_2016,\n\ttitle = {Legitimizing {Political} {Science} or {Splitting} the {Discipline}? {Reflections} on {DA}-{RT} and the {Policy}-making {Role} of a {Professional} {Association}},\n\tvolume = {12},\n\tissn = {1743-923X, 1743-9248},\n\tshorttitle = {Legitimizing {Political} {Science} or {Splitting} the {Discipline}?},\n\turl = {https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/politics-and-gender/article/abs/legitimizing-political-science-or-splitting-the-discipline-reflections-on-dart-and-the-policymaking-role-of-a-professional-association/A17256D5613DC36ACDD21127FF2B7287},\n\tdoi = {10.1017/S1743923X16000428},\n\tabstract = {We have been invited by Politics \\&amp; Gender&#x27;s editors to review the origins and current standing of the Data Access and Research Transparency (DA-RT) policy, an effort initiated by the eponymous American Political Science Association (APSA) Ad Hoc Committee and led primarily by Colin Elman, Diana Kapiszewski, and Arthur (“Skip”) Lupia. We have not been bystanders in this unfolding history, and in keeping with feminist and interpretive epistemologies that inform our work and that tie positionality to knowledge claims (e.g., Haraway 1988), we include mention of our own involvement (see Mala Htun&#x27;s 2016 parallel account of her activities). Herein lies one of our main points in assessing DA-RT: from the perspective of interpretive, feminist, and some other qualitative methods, transparency as an epistemological mandate is not new. On the contrary, it is widely accepted, and expected, within certain epistemic communities (noted also in Yanow and Schwartz-Shea 2014); it needs no set of new rules imposed from above, by journal editors and others, for its instantiation. Our assessment includes questions about the relationship between APSA and DA-RT, as the association&#x27;s support has colored DA-RT&#x27;s reception. Part of what we seek to account for is resistance on the part of political scientists of various sorts—and not only those in the interpretive community, which we know best—to the DA-RT initiative and even to the participatory Qualitative Transparency Deliberations (QTD) process designed by Alan Jacobs and Tim Büthe (2015) at the invitation of the APSA organized section Qualitative and Multi-Method Research (QMMR; see, e.g., Isaac 2016). Even as we see changes in representations of DA-RT in response to critiques, we are concerned that those questioning the substance of DA-RT and the process of its adoption by APSA (in the Ethics Guidelines) and various journals are being represented by its architects as “either not paying attention to what we have been doing or [as] purposely misrepresenting the project,” including presenting “conspiracy theories, enemy narratives, and speculation about others&#x27; motives” (Elman and Lupia, 2106, 45, 50). These very words speak to DA-RT&#x27;s potential to marginalize dissenters and even split the discipline. How has U.S. political science arrived at this pass?},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {3},\n\turldate = {2024-08-09},\n\tjournal = {Politics \\&amp; Gender},\n\tauthor = {Schwartz-Shea, Peregrine and Yanow, Dvora},\n\tmonth = sep,\n\tyear = {2016},\n\tpages = {E11, 1--9},\n}\n\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  We have been invited by Politics & Gender's editors to review the origins and current standing of the Data Access and Research Transparency (DA-RT) policy, an effort initiated by the eponymous American Political Science Association (APSA) Ad Hoc Committee and led primarily by Colin Elman, Diana Kapiszewski, and Arthur (“Skip”) Lupia. We have not been bystanders in this unfolding history, and in keeping with feminist and interpretive epistemologies that inform our work and that tie positionality to knowledge claims (e.g., Haraway 1988), we include mention of our own involvement (see Mala Htun's 2016 parallel account of her activities). Herein lies one of our main points in assessing DA-RT: from the perspective of interpretive, feminist, and some other qualitative methods, transparency as an epistemological mandate is not new. On the contrary, it is widely accepted, and expected, within certain epistemic communities (noted also in Yanow and Schwartz-Shea 2014); it needs no set of new rules imposed from above, by journal editors and others, for its instantiation. Our assessment includes questions about the relationship between APSA and DA-RT, as the association's support has colored DA-RT's reception. Part of what we seek to account for is resistance on the part of political scientists of various sorts—and not only those in the interpretive community, which we know best—to the DA-RT initiative and even to the participatory Qualitative Transparency Deliberations (QTD) process designed by Alan Jacobs and Tim Büthe (2015) at the invitation of the APSA organized section Qualitative and Multi-Method Research (QMMR; see, e.g., Isaac 2016). Even as we see changes in representations of DA-RT in response to critiques, we are concerned that those questioning the substance of DA-RT and the process of its adoption by APSA (in the Ethics Guidelines) and various journals are being represented by its architects as “either not paying attention to what we have been doing or [as] purposely misrepresenting the project,” including presenting “conspiracy theories, enemy narratives, and speculation about others' motives” (Elman and Lupia, 2106, 45, 50). These very words speak to DA-RT's potential to marginalize dissenters and even split the discipline. How has U.S. political science arrived at this pass?\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"koon-hawkins-mayhew-framingandthehealthpolicyprocessascopingreview-2016\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26873903/\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'koon-hawkins-mayhew-framingandthehealthpolicyprocessascopingreview-2016', 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26873903/', event);\">\n    Framing and the health policy process: a scoping review.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Koon, A. D.; Hawkins, B.;  and Mayhew, S. H.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  <i>Health Policy and Planning</i>, 31(6): 801–816. July 2016.\n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26873903/\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('koon-hawkins-mayhew-framingandthehealthpolicyprocessascopingreview-2016', 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26873903/', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"Framing and the health policy process: a scoping review [link]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.org/10.1093/heapol/czv128\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('koon-hawkins-mayhew-framingandthehealthpolicyprocessascopingreview-2016', 'http://doi.org/10.1093/heapol/czv128', event.ctrlKey)\"\n     class=\"bibbase doi link\">\n    <span>doi</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/koon-hawkins-mayhew-framingandthehealthpolicyprocessascopingreview-2016\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('koon-hawkins-mayhew-framingandthehealthpolicyprocessascopingreview-2016')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@article{koon_framing_2016,\n\ttitle = {Framing and the health policy process: a scoping review},\n\tvolume = {31},\n\tissn = {1460-2237},\n\tshorttitle = {Framing and the health policy process},\n\turl = {https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26873903/},\n\tdoi = {10.1093/heapol/czv128},\n\tabstract = {Framing research seeks to understand the forces that shape human behaviour in the policy process. It assumes that policy is a social construct and can be cast in a variety of ways to imply multiple legitimate value considerations. Frames provide the cognitive means of making sense of the social world, but discordance among them forms the basis of policy contestation. Framing, as both theory and method, has proven to generate considerable insight into the nature of policy debates in a variety of disciplines. Despite its salience for understanding health policy debates; however, little is known about the ways frames influence the health policy process. A scoping review using the Arksey and O&#x27;Malley framework was conducted. The literature on framing in the health sector was reviewed using nine health and social science databases. Articles were included that explicitly reported theory and methods used, data source(s), at least one frame, frame sponsor and evidence of a given frame&#x27;s effect on the health policy process. A total of 52 articles, from 1996 to 2014, and representing 12 countries, were identified. Much of the research came from the policy studies/political science literature (n = 17) and used a constructivist epistemology. The term &#x27;frame&#x27; was used as a label to describe a variety of ideas, packaged as values, social problems, metaphors or arguments. Frames were characterized at various levels of abstraction ranging from general ideological orientations to specific policy positions. Most articles presented multiple frames and showed how actors advocated for them in a highly contested political process. Framing is increasingly an important, yet overlooked aspect of the policy process. Further analysis on frames, framing processes and frame conflict can help researchers and policymakers to understand opaque and highly charged policy issues, which may facilitate the resolution of protracted policy controversies.},\n\tlanguage = {eng},\n\tnumber = {6},\n\tjournal = {Health Policy and Planning},\n\tauthor = {Koon, Adam D. and Hawkins, Benjamin and Mayhew, Susannah H.},\n\tmonth = jul,\n\tyear = {2016},\n\tpmid = {26873903},\n\tpmcid = {PMC4916318},\n\tkeywords = {Frames, Health Policy, Humans, Policy Making, Politics, Research, Systems Theory, health policy, ideas, policy process, scoping review},\n\tpages = {801--816},\n}\n\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  Framing research seeks to understand the forces that shape human behaviour in the policy process. It assumes that policy is a social construct and can be cast in a variety of ways to imply multiple legitimate value considerations. Frames provide the cognitive means of making sense of the social world, but discordance among them forms the basis of policy contestation. Framing, as both theory and method, has proven to generate considerable insight into the nature of policy debates in a variety of disciplines. Despite its salience for understanding health policy debates; however, little is known about the ways frames influence the health policy process. A scoping review using the Arksey and O'Malley framework was conducted. The literature on framing in the health sector was reviewed using nine health and social science databases. Articles were included that explicitly reported theory and methods used, data source(s), at least one frame, frame sponsor and evidence of a given frame's effect on the health policy process. A total of 52 articles, from 1996 to 2014, and representing 12 countries, were identified. Much of the research came from the policy studies/political science literature (n = 17) and used a constructivist epistemology. The term 'frame' was used as a label to describe a variety of ideas, packaged as values, social problems, metaphors or arguments. Frames were characterized at various levels of abstraction ranging from general ideological orientations to specific policy positions. Most articles presented multiple frames and showed how actors advocated for them in a highly contested political process. Framing is increasingly an important, yet overlooked aspect of the policy process. Further analysis on frames, framing processes and frame conflict can help researchers and policymakers to understand opaque and highly charged policy issues, which may facilitate the resolution of protracted policy controversies.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"blakely-alasdairmacintyrecharlestaylorandthedemiseofnaturalismreunifyingpoliticaltheoryandsocialscience-2016\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctvpj75fm\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'blakely-alasdairmacintyrecharlestaylorandthedemiseofnaturalismreunifyingpoliticaltheoryandsocialscience-2016', 'https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctvpj75fm', event);\">\n    Alasdair MacIntyre, Charles Taylor, and the Demise of Naturalism: Reunifying Political Theory and Social Science.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Blakely, J.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  University of Notre Dame Press, Notre Dame: IN,  2016.\n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctvpj75fm\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('blakely-alasdairmacintyrecharlestaylorandthedemiseofnaturalismreunifyingpoliticaltheoryandsocialscience-2016', 'https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctvpj75fm', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"Alasdair MacIntyre, Charles Taylor, and the Demise of Naturalism: Reunifying Political Theory and Social Science [link]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvpj75fm\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('blakely-alasdairmacintyrecharlestaylorandthedemiseofnaturalismreunifyingpoliticaltheoryandsocialscience-2016', 'http://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvpj75fm', event.ctrlKey)\"\n     class=\"bibbase doi link\">\n    <span>doi</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/blakely-alasdairmacintyrecharlestaylorandthedemiseofnaturalismreunifyingpoliticaltheoryandsocialscience-2016\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('blakely-alasdairmacintyrecharlestaylorandthedemiseofnaturalismreunifyingpoliticaltheoryandsocialscience-2016')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@book{blakely_alasdair_2016,\n\taddress = {Notre Dame: IN},\n\ttitle = {Alasdair {MacIntyre}, {Charles} {Taylor}, and the {Demise} of {Naturalism}: {Reunifying} {Political} {Theory} and {Social} {Science}},\n\tshorttitle = {Alasdair {MacIntyre}, {Charles} {Taylor}, and the {Demise} of {Naturalism}},\n\turl = {https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctvpj75fm},\n\tabstract = {Today the ethical and normative concerns of everyday citizens are all too often sidelined from the study of political and social issues, driven out by an effort to create a more &quot;scientific&quot; study. This book offers a way for social scientists and political theorists to reintegrate the empirical and the normative, proposing a way out of the scientism that clouds our age. In \\textit{Alasdair MacIntyre, Charles Taylor, and the Demise of Naturalism} , Jason Blakely argues that the resources for overcoming this divide are found in the respective intellectual developments of Charles Taylor and Alasdair MacIntyre. Blakely examines their often parallel intellectual journeys, which led them to critically engage the British New Left, analytic philosophy, phenomenology, continental hermeneutics, and modern social science. Although MacIntyre and Taylor are not \\textit{sui generis} , Blakely claims they each present a new, revived humanism, one that insists on the creative agency of the human person against reductive, instrumental, technocratic, and scientistic ways of thinking. The recovery of certain key themes in these philosophers&#x27; works generates a new political philosophy with which to face certain unprecedented problems of our age. Taylor&#x27;s and MacIntyre&#x27;s philosophies give social scientists working in all disciplines (from economics and sociology to political science and psychology) an alternative theoretical framework for conducting research.},\n\turldate = {2024-08-09},\n\tpublisher = {University of Notre Dame Press},\n\tauthor = {Blakely, Jason},\n\tyear = {2016},\n\tdoi = {10.2307/j.ctvpj75fm},\n}\n\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  Today the ethical and normative concerns of everyday citizens are all too often sidelined from the study of political and social issues, driven out by an effort to create a more \"scientific\" study. This book offers a way for social scientists and political theorists to reintegrate the empirical and the normative, proposing a way out of the scientism that clouds our age. In <i>Alasdair MacIntyre, Charles Taylor, and the Demise of Naturalism</i> , Jason Blakely argues that the resources for overcoming this divide are found in the respective intellectual developments of Charles Taylor and Alasdair MacIntyre. Blakely examines their often parallel intellectual journeys, which led them to critically engage the British New Left, analytic philosophy, phenomenology, continental hermeneutics, and modern social science. Although MacIntyre and Taylor are not <i>sui generis</i> , Blakely claims they each present a new, revived humanism, one that insists on the creative agency of the human person against reductive, instrumental, technocratic, and scientistic ways of thinking. The recovery of certain key themes in these philosophers' works generates a new political philosophy with which to face certain unprecedented problems of our age. Taylor's and MacIntyre's philosophies give social scientists working in all disciplines (from economics and sociology to political science and psychology) an alternative theoretical framework for conducting research.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"wedeen-scientificknowledgeliberalismandempireamericanpoliticalscienceinthemodernmiddleeast-2016\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.18574/nyu/9781479827787.003.0002/html?lang=en\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'wedeen-scientificknowledgeliberalismandempireamericanpoliticalscienceinthemodernmiddleeast-2016', 'https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.18574/nyu/9781479827787.003.0002/html?lang=en', event);\">\n    Scientific Knowledge, Liberalism, and Empire: American Political Science in the Modern Middle East.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Wedeen, L.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  In <i>1 Scientific Knowledge, Liberalism, and Empire: American Political Science in the Modern Middle East</i>, pages 31–81. New York University Press, November 2016.\n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.18574/nyu/9781479827787.003.0002/html?lang=en\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('wedeen-scientificknowledgeliberalismandempireamericanpoliticalscienceinthemodernmiddleeast-2016', 'https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.18574/nyu/9781479827787.003.0002/html?lang=en', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"Scientific Knowledge, Liberalism, and Empire: American Political Science in the Modern Middle East [link]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.org/10.18574/nyu/9781479827787.003.0002\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('wedeen-scientificknowledgeliberalismandempireamericanpoliticalscienceinthemodernmiddleeast-2016', 'http://doi.org/10.18574/nyu/9781479827787.003.0002', event.ctrlKey)\"\n     class=\"bibbase doi link\">\n    <span>doi</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/wedeen-scientificknowledgeliberalismandempireamericanpoliticalscienceinthemodernmiddleeast-2016\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('wedeen-scientificknowledgeliberalismandempireamericanpoliticalscienceinthemodernmiddleeast-2016')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@incollection{wedeen_scientific_2016,\n\ttitle = {Scientific {Knowledge}, {Liberalism}, and {Empire}: {American} {Political} {Science} in the {Modern} {Middle} {East}},\n\tcopyright = {De Gruyter expressly reserves the right to use all content for commercial text and data mining within the meaning of Section 44b of the German Copyright Act.},\n\tisbn = {978-1-4798-5066-2},\n\tshorttitle = {1 {Scientific} {Knowledge}, {Liberalism}, and {Empire}},\n\turl = {https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.18574/nyu/9781479827787.003.0002/html?lang=en},\n\tabstract = {1 Scientific Knowledge, Liberalism, and Empire: American Political Science in the Modern Middle East was published in Middle East Studies for the New Millennium on page 31.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\turldate = {2024-08-08},\n\tbooktitle = {1 {Scientific} {Knowledge}, {Liberalism}, and {Empire}: {American} {Political} {Science} in the {Modern} {Middle} {East}},\n\tpublisher = {New York University Press},\n\tauthor = {Wedeen, Lisa},\n\tmonth = nov,\n\tyear = {2016},\n\tdoi = {10.18574/nyu/9781479827787.003.0002},\n\tpages = {31--81},\n}\n\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  1 Scientific Knowledge, Liberalism, and Empire: American Political Science in the Modern Middle East was published in Middle East Studies for the New Millennium on page 31.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"simmons-meaningfulresistancemarketreformsandtherootsofsocialprotestinlatinamerica-2016\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/meaningful-resistance/1EF6C2A27CA6CAAB258B2CA4D1631A3A\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'simmons-meaningfulresistancemarketreformsandtherootsofsocialprotestinlatinamerica-2016', 'https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/meaningful-resistance/1EF6C2A27CA6CAAB258B2CA4D1631A3A', event);\">\n    Meaningful Resistance: Market Reforms and the Roots of Social Protest in Latin America.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Simmons, E. S.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n   of Cambridge Studies in Contentious PoliticsCambridge University Press, Cambridge,  2016.\n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/meaningful-resistance/1EF6C2A27CA6CAAB258B2CA4D1631A3A\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('simmons-meaningfulresistancemarketreformsandtherootsofsocialprotestinlatinamerica-2016', 'https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/meaningful-resistance/1EF6C2A27CA6CAAB258B2CA4D1631A3A', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"Meaningful Resistance: Market Reforms and the Roots of Social Protest in Latin America [link]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.org/10.1017/9781316417645\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('simmons-meaningfulresistancemarketreformsandtherootsofsocialprotestinlatinamerica-2016', 'http://doi.org/10.1017/9781316417645', event.ctrlKey)\"\n     class=\"bibbase doi link\">\n    <span>doi</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/simmons-meaningfulresistancemarketreformsandtherootsofsocialprotestinlatinamerica-2016\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('simmons-meaningfulresistancemarketreformsandtherootsofsocialprotestinlatinamerica-2016')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@book{simmons_meaningful_2016,\n\taddress = {Cambridge},\n\tseries = {Cambridge {Studies} in {Contentious} {Politics}},\n\ttitle = {Meaningful {Resistance}: {Market} {Reforms} and the {Roots} of {Social} {Protest} in {Latin} {America}},\n\tisbn = {978-1-107-12485-1},\n\tshorttitle = {Meaningful {Resistance}},\n\turl = {https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/meaningful-resistance/1EF6C2A27CA6CAAB258B2CA4D1631A3A},\n\tabstract = {Meaningful Resistance explores the origins and dynamics of resistance to markets through an examination of two social movements that emerged to voice and channel opposition to market reforms. Protests against water privatization in Cochabamba, Bolivia, and rising corn prices in Mexico City, Mexico, offer a lens to analyze the mechanisms by which perceived, market-driven threats to material livelihood can prompt resistance. By exploring connections among marketization, local practices, and political protest, the book shows how the material and the ideational are inextricably linked in resistance to subsistence threats. When people perceive that markets have put subsistence at risk, material and symbolic worlds are both at stake; citizens take to the streets not only to defend their pocketbooks, but also their conceptions of community. The book advances contemporary scholarship by showing how attention to grievances in general, and subsistence resources in particular, can add explanatory leverage to analyses of contentious politics.},\n\turldate = {2024-08-08},\n\tpublisher = {Cambridge University Press},\n\tauthor = {Simmons, Erica S.},\n\tyear = {2016},\n\tdoi = {10.1017/9781316417645},\n}\n\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  Meaningful Resistance explores the origins and dynamics of resistance to markets through an examination of two social movements that emerged to voice and channel opposition to market reforms. Protests against water privatization in Cochabamba, Bolivia, and rising corn prices in Mexico City, Mexico, offer a lens to analyze the mechanisms by which perceived, market-driven threats to material livelihood can prompt resistance. By exploring connections among marketization, local practices, and political protest, the book shows how the material and the ideational are inextricably linked in resistance to subsistence threats. When people perceive that markets have put subsistence at risk, material and symbolic worlds are both at stake; citizens take to the streets not only to defend their pocketbooks, but also their conceptions of community. The book advances contemporary scholarship by showing how attention to grievances in general, and subsistence resources in particular, can add explanatory leverage to analyses of contentious politics.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n\n\n\n    </div>\n  </div>\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_group_whole\" id=\"group_2015\">\n    <div class=\"bibbase_group\"\n      onclick=\"toggleGroup('group_2015')\"\n      onkeypress=\"toggleGroup('group_2015')\"\n      tabindex=\"0\">\n      <i class=\"fa fa-angle-down bibbase_group_head_icon\"></i>&nbsp;\n      <span>2015</span>\n      <span class=\"bibbase_group_count\">\n        \n        (16)\n        \n      </span>\n    </div>\n    <div class=\"bibbase_group_body\">\n      \n  \n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"relations-interviewcharlesking-2015\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"https://www.e-ir.info/2015/10/18/interview-charles-king/\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'relations-interviewcharlesking-2015', 'https://www.e-ir.info/2015/10/18/interview-charles-king/', event);\">\n    Interview - Charles King.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Relations, E.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  October 2015.\n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"https://www.e-ir.info/2015/10/18/interview-charles-king/\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('relations-interviewcharlesking-2015', 'https://www.e-ir.info/2015/10/18/interview-charles-king/', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"Interview - Charles King [link]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/relations-interviewcharlesking-2015\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('relations-interviewcharlesking-2015')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@misc{e-international_relations_interview_2015,\n\ttitle = {Interview - {Charles} {King}},\n\turl = {https://www.e-ir.info/2015/10/18/interview-charles-king/},\n\tabstract = {Professor King discusses the decline of International Studies, the growth of quantitative methods in IR, and the issue of presenting research findings to wider audiences.},\n\tlanguage = {en-US},\n\turldate = {2024-08-14},\n\tjournal = {E-International Relations},\n\tauthor = {E-International Relations},\n\tmonth = oct,\n\tyear = {2015},\n}\n\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  Professor King discusses the decline of International Studies, the growth of quantitative methods in IR, and the issue of presenting research findings to wider audiences.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"sinatti-returnmigrationasawinwinwinscenariovisionsofreturnamongsenegalesemigrantsthestateoforiginandreceivingcountries-2015\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1080/01419870.2013.868016\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'sinatti-returnmigrationasawinwinwinscenariovisionsofreturnamongsenegalesemigrantsthestateoforiginandreceivingcountries-2015', 'https://doi.org/10.1080/01419870.2013.868016', event);\">\n    Return migration as a win-win-win scenario? Visions of return among Senegalese migrants, the state of origin and receiving countries.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Sinatti, G.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  <i>Ethnic and Racial Studies</i>, 38(2): 275–291. January 2015.\n  <span class=\"note\">Publisher: Routledge _eprint: https://doi.org/10.1080/01419870.2013.868016</span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1080/01419870.2013.868016\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('sinatti-returnmigrationasawinwinwinscenariovisionsofreturnamongsenegalesemigrantsthestateoforiginandreceivingcountries-2015', 'https://doi.org/10.1080/01419870.2013.868016', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"Return migration as a win-win-win scenario? Visions of return among Senegalese migrants, the state of origin and receiving countries [link]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.org/10.1080/01419870.2013.868016\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('sinatti-returnmigrationasawinwinwinscenariovisionsofreturnamongsenegalesemigrantsthestateoforiginandreceivingcountries-2015', 'http://doi.org/10.1080/01419870.2013.868016', event.ctrlKey)\"\n     class=\"bibbase doi link\">\n    <span>doi</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/sinatti-returnmigrationasawinwinwinscenariovisionsofreturnamongsenegalesemigrantsthestateoforiginandreceivingcountries-2015\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('sinatti-returnmigrationasawinwinwinscenariovisionsofreturnamongsenegalesemigrantsthestateoforiginandreceivingcountries-2015')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@article{sinatti_return_2015,\n\ttitle = {Return migration as a win-win-win scenario? {Visions} of return among {Senegalese} migrants, the state of origin and receiving countries},\n\tvolume = {38},\n\tissn = {0141-9870},\n\tshorttitle = {Return migration as a win-win-win scenario?},\n\turl = {https://doi.org/10.1080/01419870.2013.868016},\n\tdoi = {10.1080/01419870.2013.868016},\n\tabstract = {This article explores the topic of return migration as it is understood and practised by different actors who engage with this theme, albeit from different perspectives. Return migration is paraded in policy debates as a triple-win scenario, bringing advantages to receiving states, countries of origin and migrants. Yet this article reveals how return migration is understood differently by policymakers in Senegal and Europe and by the migrants targeted by their policies. Interpretations are based on conflicting underlying assumptions of what return is, its benefits and its relation to transnational movement. Inspired by the discursive paradigm in political studies, this article utilizes interpretive tools to examine the structures that support and give meaning to understandings of return among institutional actors and migrants. It concludes that new theorization is needed to grasp the full complexity of return migration as a phenomenon that is marked by different temporalities and aspirations.},\n\tnumber = {2},\n\turldate = {2024-08-12},\n\tjournal = {Ethnic and Racial Studies},\n\tauthor = {Sinatti, Giulia},\n\tmonth = jan,\n\tyear = {2015},\n\tnote = {Publisher: Routledge\n\\_eprint: https://doi.org/10.1080/01419870.2013.868016},\n\tkeywords = {Europe, Senegal, development, policy analysis, return migration, transnationalism},\n\tpages = {275--291},\n}\n\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  This article explores the topic of return migration as it is understood and practised by different actors who engage with this theme, albeit from different perspectives. Return migration is paraded in policy debates as a triple-win scenario, bringing advantages to receiving states, countries of origin and migrants. Yet this article reveals how return migration is understood differently by policymakers in Senegal and Europe and by the migrants targeted by their policies. Interpretations are based on conflicting underlying assumptions of what return is, its benefits and its relation to transnational movement. Inspired by the discursive paradigm in political studies, this article utilizes interpretive tools to examine the structures that support and give meaning to understandings of return among institutional actors and migrants. It concludes that new theorization is needed to grasp the full complexity of return migration as a phenomenon that is marked by different temporalities and aspirations.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"lennon-greeninfrastructureandplanningpolicyacriticalassessment-2015\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1080/13549839.2014.880411\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'lennon-greeninfrastructureandplanningpolicyacriticalassessment-2015', 'https://doi.org/10.1080/13549839.2014.880411', event);\">\n    Green infrastructure and planning policy: a critical assessment.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Lennon, M.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  <i>Local Environment</i>, 20(8): 957–980. August 2015.\n  <span class=\"note\">Publisher: Routledge _eprint: https://doi.org/10.1080/13549839.2014.880411</span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1080/13549839.2014.880411\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('lennon-greeninfrastructureandplanningpolicyacriticalassessment-2015', 'https://doi.org/10.1080/13549839.2014.880411', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"Green infrastructure and planning policy: a critical assessment [link]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.org/10.1080/13549839.2014.880411\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('lennon-greeninfrastructureandplanningpolicyacriticalassessment-2015', 'http://doi.org/10.1080/13549839.2014.880411', event.ctrlKey)\"\n     class=\"bibbase doi link\">\n    <span>doi</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/lennon-greeninfrastructureandplanningpolicyacriticalassessment-2015\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('lennon-greeninfrastructureandplanningpolicyacriticalassessment-2015')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@article{lennon_green_2015,\n\ttitle = {Green infrastructure and planning policy: a critical assessment},\n\tvolume = {20},\n\tissn = {1354-9839},\n\tshorttitle = {Green infrastructure and planning policy},\n\turl = {https://doi.org/10.1080/13549839.2014.880411},\n\tdoi = {10.1080/13549839.2014.880411},\n\tabstract = {Advocates of the green infrastructure (GI) concept claim it offers a progressive planning approach that facilitates synergies between economic growth, environmental conservation and social development. Although widely endorsed by both planning practitioners and academics, little academic literature exists critically evaluating what GI entails or the potential implications of its institutionalisation within planning practice. This paper addresses this deficit by critically examining the interpretation and representation of the GI concept in planning policy. The paper first critically analyses international interpretations of GI. Following this, the particular attributes of GI&#x27;s interpretation in the Republic of Ireland are investigated. The paper demonstrates how the emergence of GI in Ireland relates to broader debates on attempts to reconcile environmental concerns with development aspirations in planning policy. It is deduced that GI may represent an approach to planning policy formulation wherein habitat conservation initiatives are primarily designed and justified relative to the ecosystems services they are seen to provide to society. The paper also cautions against the risks posed by confining GI debates to the deliberations of technical specialist. The paper concludes by identifying some issues that may arise in the implementation of a GI approach and suggests ways to enhance the potential benefit of the concept&#x27;s use in spatial planning.},\n\tnumber = {8},\n\turldate = {2024-08-12},\n\tjournal = {Local Environment},\n\tauthor = {Lennon, Mick},\n\tmonth = aug,\n\tyear = {2015},\n\tnote = {Publisher: Routledge\n\\_eprint: https://doi.org/10.1080/13549839.2014.880411},\n\tkeywords = {Ireland, green infrastructure, planning, sustainability},\n\tpages = {957--980},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  Advocates of the green infrastructure (GI) concept claim it offers a progressive planning approach that facilitates synergies between economic growth, environmental conservation and social development. Although widely endorsed by both planning practitioners and academics, little academic literature exists critically evaluating what GI entails or the potential implications of its institutionalisation within planning practice. This paper addresses this deficit by critically examining the interpretation and representation of the GI concept in planning policy. The paper first critically analyses international interpretations of GI. Following this, the particular attributes of GI's interpretation in the Republic of Ireland are investigated. The paper demonstrates how the emergence of GI in Ireland relates to broader debates on attempts to reconcile environmental concerns with development aspirations in planning policy. It is deduced that GI may represent an approach to planning policy formulation wherein habitat conservation initiatives are primarily designed and justified relative to the ecosystems services they are seen to provide to society. The paper also cautions against the risks posed by confining GI debates to the deliberations of technical specialist. The paper concludes by identifying some issues that may arise in the implementation of a GI approach and suggests ways to enhance the potential benefit of the concept's use in spatial planning.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"knott-whatdoesitmeantobeakinmajorityanalyzingromanianidentityinmoldovaandrussianidentityincrimeafrombelow-2015\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"https://www.jstor.org/stable/26634192\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'knott-whatdoesitmeantobeakinmajorityanalyzingromanianidentityinmoldovaandrussianidentityincrimeafrombelow-2015', 'https://www.jstor.org/stable/26634192', event);\">\n    What Does it Mean to Be a Kin Majority? Analyzing Romanian Identity in Moldova and Russian Identity in Crimea from Below.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Knott, E.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  <i>Social Science Quarterly</i>, 96(3): 830–859.  2015.\n  <span class=\"note\">Publisher: [University of Texas Press, Wiley]</span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"https://www.jstor.org/stable/26634192\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('knott-whatdoesitmeantobeakinmajorityanalyzingromanianidentityinmoldovaandrussianidentityincrimeafrombelow-2015', 'https://www.jstor.org/stable/26634192', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"What Does it Mean to Be a Kin Majority? Analyzing Romanian Identity in Moldova and Russian Identity in Crimea from Below [link]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/knott-whatdoesitmeantobeakinmajorityanalyzingromanianidentityinmoldovaandrussianidentityincrimeafrombelow-2015\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('knott-whatdoesitmeantobeakinmajorityanalyzingromanianidentityinmoldovaandrussianidentityincrimeafrombelow-2015')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@article{knott_what_2015,\n\ttitle = {What {Does} it {Mean} to {Be} a {Kin} {Majority}? {Analyzing} {Romanian} {Identity} in {Moldova} and {Russian} {Identity} in {Crimea} from {Below}},\n\tvolume = {96},\n\tissn = {0038-4941},\n\tshorttitle = {What {Does} it {Mean} to {Be} a {Kin} {Majority}?},\n\turl = {https://www.jstor.org/stable/26634192},\n\tabstract = {Objectives. This article investigates what kin identification means from a bottom-up perspective in two kin majority cases: Moldova and Crimea. Methods. The article is based on ∼50 fieldwork interviews conducted in both Moldova and Crimea with everyday social actors (2012–2013). Results. Ethnic homogeneity for kin majorities is more fractured that previously considered. Respondents identified more in terms of assemblages of ethnic, cultural, political, linguistic, and territorial identities than in mutually exclusive census categories. Conclusions. To understand fully the relations between kin majorities, their kin-state and home-state and the impact of growing kin engagement policies, like dual citizenship, it is necessary to analyze the complexities of the lived experience of kin identification for members of kin majorities and how this relates to kin-state identification and affiliation. Understanding these complexities helps to have a more nuanced understanding of the role of ethnicity in post-Communist societies, in terms of kin-state and intrastate relations.},\n\tnumber = {3},\n\turldate = {2024-08-12},\n\tjournal = {Social Science Quarterly},\n\tauthor = {Knott, Eleanor},\n\tyear = {2015},\n\tnote = {Publisher: [University of Texas Press, Wiley]},\n\tpages = {830--859},\n}\n\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  Objectives. This article investigates what kin identification means from a bottom-up perspective in two kin majority cases: Moldova and Crimea. Methods. The article is based on ∼50 fieldwork interviews conducted in both Moldova and Crimea with everyday social actors (2012–2013). Results. Ethnic homogeneity for kin majorities is more fractured that previously considered. Respondents identified more in terms of assemblages of ethnic, cultural, political, linguistic, and territorial identities than in mutually exclusive census categories. Conclusions. To understand fully the relations between kin majorities, their kin-state and home-state and the impact of growing kin engagement policies, like dual citizenship, it is necessary to analyze the complexities of the lived experience of kin identification for members of kin majorities and how this relates to kin-state identification and affiliation. Understanding these complexities helps to have a more nuanced understanding of the role of ethnicity in post-Communist societies, in terms of kin-state and intrastate relations.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"jones-seeinglikeanautocratliberalsocialengineeringinanilliberalstate-2015\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/perspectives-on-politics/article/abs/seeing-like-an-autocrat-liberal-social-engineering-in-an-illiberal-state/D57624CEF5791FE8F6638F39D3263A4B\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'jones-seeinglikeanautocratliberalsocialengineeringinanilliberalstate-2015', 'https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/perspectives-on-politics/article/abs/seeing-like-an-autocrat-liberal-social-engineering-in-an-illiberal-state/D57624CEF5791FE8F6638F39D3263A4B', event);\">\n    Seeing Like an Autocrat: Liberal Social Engineering in an Illiberal State.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Jones, C. W.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  <i>Perspectives on Politics</i>, 13(1): 24–41. March 2015.\n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/perspectives-on-politics/article/abs/seeing-like-an-autocrat-liberal-social-engineering-in-an-illiberal-state/D57624CEF5791FE8F6638F39D3263A4B\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('jones-seeinglikeanautocratliberalsocialengineeringinanilliberalstate-2015', 'https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/perspectives-on-politics/article/abs/seeing-like-an-autocrat-liberal-social-engineering-in-an-illiberal-state/D57624CEF5791FE8F6638F39D3263A4B', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"Seeing Like an Autocrat: Liberal Social Engineering in an Illiberal State [link]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.org/10.1017/S1537592714003119\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('jones-seeinglikeanautocratliberalsocialengineeringinanilliberalstate-2015', 'http://doi.org/10.1017/S1537592714003119', event.ctrlKey)\"\n     class=\"bibbase doi link\">\n    <span>doi</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/jones-seeinglikeanautocratliberalsocialengineeringinanilliberalstate-2015\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('jones-seeinglikeanautocratliberalsocialengineeringinanilliberalstate-2015')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@article{jones_seeing_2015,\n\ttitle = {Seeing {Like} an {Autocrat}: {Liberal} {Social} {Engineering} in an {Illiberal} {State}},\n\tvolume = {13},\n\tissn = {1537-5927, 1541-0986},\n\tshorttitle = {Seeing {Like} an {Autocrat}},\n\turl = {https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/perspectives-on-politics/article/abs/seeing-like-an-autocrat-liberal-social-engineering-in-an-illiberal-state/D57624CEF5791FE8F6638F39D3263A4B},\n\tdoi = {10.1017/S1537592714003119},\n\tabstract = {Recent studies of autocratic liberalization adopt a rationalist approach in which autocrats’ motives and styles of reasoning are imputed or deduced. By contrast, I investigate these empirically. I focus on liberal social engineering in the Persian Gulf, where authoritarian state efforts to shape citizen hearts and minds conform incongruously to liberal ideals of character. To explain this important but under-studied variant on autocratic liberalization, I present evidence from rare palace ethnography in the United Arab Emirates, including analysis of the jokes and stories ruling elites tell behind closed doors and regular interviews with a ruling monarch. I find that autocrats’ deeply personal experiences in the West as young men and women supplied them with stylized ideas about how modern, productive peoples ought to act and how their own cultures underperform. The evidence also reveals that such experiences can influence autocrats, even years later, leading them to trust in Western-style liberal social engineering as the way forward, despite the risks. Ethnographic findings challenge the contemporary scholarly stereotype of the autocrat as a super-rational being narrowly focused on political survival, illustrating how memory and emotion can also serve as important influences over reasoning and can drive liberal change.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {1},\n\turldate = {2024-08-12},\n\tjournal = {Perspectives on Politics},\n\tauthor = {Jones, Calvert W.},\n\tmonth = mar,\n\tyear = {2015},\n\tpages = {24--41},\n}\n\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  Recent studies of autocratic liberalization adopt a rationalist approach in which autocrats’ motives and styles of reasoning are imputed or deduced. By contrast, I investigate these empirically. I focus on liberal social engineering in the Persian Gulf, where authoritarian state efforts to shape citizen hearts and minds conform incongruously to liberal ideals of character. To explain this important but under-studied variant on autocratic liberalization, I present evidence from rare palace ethnography in the United Arab Emirates, including analysis of the jokes and stories ruling elites tell behind closed doors and regular interviews with a ruling monarch. I find that autocrats’ deeply personal experiences in the West as young men and women supplied them with stylized ideas about how modern, productive peoples ought to act and how their own cultures underperform. The evidence also reveals that such experiences can influence autocrats, even years later, leading them to trust in Western-style liberal social engineering as the way forward, despite the risks. Ethnographic findings challenge the contemporary scholarly stereotype of the autocrat as a super-rational being narrowly focused on political survival, illustrating how memory and emotion can also serve as important influences over reasoning and can drive liberal change.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"hofferberth-weber-lostintranslationacritiqueofconstructivistnormresearch-2015\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1057/jird.2014.1\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'hofferberth-weber-lostintranslationacritiqueofconstructivistnormresearch-2015', 'https://doi.org/10.1057/jird.2014.1', event);\">\n    Lost in translation: a critique of constructivist norm research.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Hofferberth, M.;  and Weber, C.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  <i>Journal of International Relations and Development</i>, 18(1): 75–103. January 2015.\n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1057/jird.2014.1\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('hofferberth-weber-lostintranslationacritiqueofconstructivistnormresearch-2015', 'https://doi.org/10.1057/jird.2014.1', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"Lost in translation: a critique of constructivist norm research [link]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.org/10.1057/jird.2014.1\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('hofferberth-weber-lostintranslationacritiqueofconstructivistnormresearch-2015', 'http://doi.org/10.1057/jird.2014.1', event.ctrlKey)\"\n     class=\"bibbase doi link\">\n    <span>doi</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/hofferberth-weber-lostintranslationacritiqueofconstructivistnormresearch-2015\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('hofferberth-weber-lostintranslationacritiqueofconstructivistnormresearch-2015')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@article{hofferberth_lost_2015,\n\ttitle = {Lost in translation: a critique of constructivist norm research},\n\tvolume = {18},\n\tissn = {1581-1980},\n\tshorttitle = {Lost in translation},\n\turl = {https://doi.org/10.1057/jird.2014.1},\n\tdoi = {10.1057/jird.2014.1},\n\tabstract = {In their attempt to explain change in international politics, an emerging group of scholars in the 1990s emphasised the importance of ‘non-material factors’. Questions about the creation, evolution, and impact of norms obtained a prominent place in their theorising. Cast in a constructivist frame, this norm research promised to be a viable alternative to established approaches and while it has indeed broadened the perspective on state behaviour in International Relations, we argue that at the same time it entailed major conceptual and methodological problems which have not yet been spelled out comprehensively. Mainly, the insight that norms are constantly renegotiated in social interaction has been lost in the translation of social-theoretical claims of early constructivism into empirical research agendas. The ensuing research is best characterised as a cultural-determinist framework which is ultimately ill-equipped for the initial proposition of explaining change. We develop this critique by reconstructing the theoretical and methodological decisions of constructivist norm research. We then propose to re-conceptualise the connection between norms and action and suggest an interpretive methodology that allows delivering on the ambitious promise to explain processes of normative change in international politics. We illustrate this claim by reviewing constructivist norm research on ‘humanitarian interventions’ and by outlining a relational-processualist perspective on this issue.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {1},\n\turldate = {2024-08-11},\n\tjournal = {Journal of International Relations and Development},\n\tauthor = {Hofferberth, Matthias and Weber, Christian},\n\tmonth = jan,\n\tyear = {2015},\n\tkeywords = {constructivism, international relations theory, norms},\n\tpages = {75--103},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  In their attempt to explain change in international politics, an emerging group of scholars in the 1990s emphasised the importance of ‘non-material factors’. Questions about the creation, evolution, and impact of norms obtained a prominent place in their theorising. Cast in a constructivist frame, this norm research promised to be a viable alternative to established approaches and while it has indeed broadened the perspective on state behaviour in International Relations, we argue that at the same time it entailed major conceptual and methodological problems which have not yet been spelled out comprehensively. Mainly, the insight that norms are constantly renegotiated in social interaction has been lost in the translation of social-theoretical claims of early constructivism into empirical research agendas. The ensuing research is best characterised as a cultural-determinist framework which is ultimately ill-equipped for the initial proposition of explaining change. We develop this critique by reconstructing the theoretical and methodological decisions of constructivist norm research. We then propose to re-conceptualise the connection between norms and action and suggest an interpretive methodology that allows delivering on the ambitious promise to explain processes of normative change in international politics. We illustrate this claim by reviewing constructivist norm research on ‘humanitarian interventions’ and by outlining a relational-processualist perspective on this issue.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"daddow-constructingagreatroleforbritaininanageofausterityinterpretingcoalitionforeignpolicy20102015-2015\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1177/0047117815600931\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'daddow-constructingagreatroleforbritaininanageofausterityinterpretingcoalitionforeignpolicy20102015-2015', 'https://doi.org/10.1177/0047117815600931', event);\">\n    Constructing a ‘great’ role for Britain in an age of austerity: Interpreting coalition foreign policy, 2010–2015.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Daddow, O.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  <i>International Relations</i>, 29(3): 303–318. September 2015.\n  <span class=\"note\">Publisher: SAGE Publications Ltd</span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1177/0047117815600931\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('daddow-constructingagreatroleforbritaininanageofausterityinterpretingcoalitionforeignpolicy20102015-2015', 'https://doi.org/10.1177/0047117815600931', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"Constructing a ‘great’ role for Britain in an age of austerity: Interpreting coalition foreign policy, 2010–2015 [link]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.org/10.1177/0047117815600931\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('daddow-constructingagreatroleforbritaininanageofausterityinterpretingcoalitionforeignpolicy20102015-2015', 'http://doi.org/10.1177/0047117815600931', event.ctrlKey)\"\n     class=\"bibbase doi link\">\n    <span>doi</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/daddow-constructingagreatroleforbritaininanageofausterityinterpretingcoalitionforeignpolicy20102015-2015\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('daddow-constructingagreatroleforbritaininanageofausterityinterpretingcoalitionforeignpolicy20102015-2015')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@article{daddow_constructing_2015,\n\ttitle = {Constructing a ‘great’ role for {Britain} in an age of austerity: {Interpreting} coalition foreign policy, 2010–2015},\n\tvolume = {29},\n\tissn = {0047-1178},\n\tshorttitle = {Constructing a ‘great’ role for {Britain} in an age of austerity},\n\turl = {https://doi.org/10.1177/0047117815600931},\n\tdoi = {10.1177/0047117815600931},\n\tabstract = {This article interprets the ideational underpinnings of the British Conservative–Liberal coalition government’s foreign policy from 2010 to 2015. It uses qualitative discourse analysis of speeches, statements and policy documents to unpack the traditions of foreign policy thought which informed some of the key foreign policy practices of the coalition government. The analysis centres on the British identity constructed by liberal Conservatives, and the values and interests flowing from this baseline identity that the government’s foreign policy sought to express through its foreign policy. Liberal Conservative foreign policy is argued to have been an attempt to come to terms with the limits on Britain’s international agency in the face of three major foreign policy dilemmas: the legacy of the New Labour years, dramatically reduced economic resources in the ‘age of austerity’ and an increasingly restricted capacity for Britain to exercise ideational entrepreneurship in the international community. The article substantiates the claim in the extant literature that liberal Conservatism significantly adapted but did not restructure an established British foreign policy tradition of merging values and interests in complex ways.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {3},\n\turldate = {2024-08-11},\n\tjournal = {International Relations},\n\tauthor = {Daddow, Oliver},\n\tmonth = sep,\n\tyear = {2015},\n\tnote = {Publisher: SAGE Publications Ltd},\n\tpages = {303--318},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  This article interprets the ideational underpinnings of the British Conservative–Liberal coalition government’s foreign policy from 2010 to 2015. It uses qualitative discourse analysis of speeches, statements and policy documents to unpack the traditions of foreign policy thought which informed some of the key foreign policy practices of the coalition government. The analysis centres on the British identity constructed by liberal Conservatives, and the values and interests flowing from this baseline identity that the government’s foreign policy sought to express through its foreign policy. Liberal Conservative foreign policy is argued to have been an attempt to come to terms with the limits on Britain’s international agency in the face of three major foreign policy dilemmas: the legacy of the New Labour years, dramatically reduced economic resources in the ‘age of austerity’ and an increasingly restricted capacity for Britain to exercise ideational entrepreneurship in the international community. The article substantiates the claim in the extant literature that liberal Conservatism significantly adapted but did not restructure an established British foreign policy tradition of merging values and interests in complex ways.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"cheesman-opposingtheruleoflawhowmyanmarscourtsmakelawandorder-2015\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/opposing-the-rule-of-law/BB87CE496A4603D02E94A6400FC3E16C\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'cheesman-opposingtheruleoflawhowmyanmarscourtsmakelawandorder-2015', 'https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/opposing-the-rule-of-law/BB87CE496A4603D02E94A6400FC3E16C', event);\">\n    Opposing the Rule of Law: How Myanmar's Courts Make Law and Order.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Cheesman, N.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n   of Cambridge Studies in Law and SocietyCambridge University Press, Cambridge,  2015.\n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/opposing-the-rule-of-law/BB87CE496A4603D02E94A6400FC3E16C\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('cheesman-opposingtheruleoflawhowmyanmarscourtsmakelawandorder-2015', 'https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/opposing-the-rule-of-law/BB87CE496A4603D02E94A6400FC3E16C', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"Opposing the Rule of Law: How Myanmar&#x27;s Courts Make Law and Order [link]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781316014936\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('cheesman-opposingtheruleoflawhowmyanmarscourtsmakelawandorder-2015', 'http://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781316014936', event.ctrlKey)\"\n     class=\"bibbase doi link\">\n    <span>doi</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/cheesman-opposingtheruleoflawhowmyanmarscourtsmakelawandorder-2015\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('cheesman-opposingtheruleoflawhowmyanmarscourtsmakelawandorder-2015')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@book{cheesman_opposing_2015,\n\taddress = {Cambridge},\n\tseries = {Cambridge {Studies} in {Law} and {Society}},\n\ttitle = {Opposing the {Rule} of {Law}: {How} {Myanmar}&#x27;s {Courts} {Make} {Law} and {Order}},\n\tisbn = {978-1-107-08318-9},\n\tshorttitle = {Opposing the {Rule} of {Law}},\n\turl = {https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/opposing-the-rule-of-law/BB87CE496A4603D02E94A6400FC3E16C},\n\tabstract = {The rule of law is a political ideal today endorsed and promoted worldwide. Or is it? In a significant contribution to the field, Nick Cheesman argues that Myanmar is a country in which the rule of law is &#x27;lexically present but semantically absent&#x27;. Charting ideas and practices from British colonial rule through military dictatorship to the present day, Cheesman calls upon political and legal theory to explain how and why institutions animated by a concern for law and order oppose the rule of law. Empirically grounded in both Burmese and English sources, including criminal trial records and wide ranging official documents, Opposing the Rule of Law offers the first significant study of courts in contemporary Myanmar. It sheds new light on the politics of courts during dark times and sharply illuminates the tension between the demand for law and the imperatives of order.},\n\turldate = {2024-08-11},\n\tpublisher = {Cambridge University Press},\n\tauthor = {Cheesman, Nick},\n\tyear = {2015},\n\tdoi = {10.1017/CBO9781316014936},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  The rule of law is a political ideal today endorsed and promoted worldwide. Or is it? In a significant contribution to the field, Nick Cheesman argues that Myanmar is a country in which the rule of law is 'lexically present but semantically absent'. Charting ideas and practices from British colonial rule through military dictatorship to the present day, Cheesman calls upon political and legal theory to explain how and why institutions animated by a concern for law and order oppose the rule of law. Empirically grounded in both Burmese and English sources, including criminal trial records and wide ranging official documents, Opposing the Rule of Law offers the first significant study of courts in contemporary Myanmar. It sheds new light on the politics of courts during dark times and sharply illuminates the tension between the demand for law and the imperatives of order.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"schaffer-elucidatingsocialscienceconceptsaninterpretivistguide-2015\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"https://www.routledge.com/Elucidating-Social-Science-Concepts-An-Interpretivist-Guide/Schaffer/p/book/9780415893268\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'schaffer-elucidatingsocialscienceconceptsaninterpretivistguide-2015', 'https://www.routledge.com/Elucidating-Social-Science-Concepts-An-Interpretivist-Guide/Schaffer/p/book/9780415893268', event);\">\n    Elucidating Social Science Concepts: An Interpretivist Guide.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Schaffer, F. C.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  Routledge, New York, August 2015.\n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"https://www.routledge.com/Elucidating-Social-Science-Concepts-An-Interpretivist-Guide/Schaffer/p/book/9780415893268\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('schaffer-elucidatingsocialscienceconceptsaninterpretivistguide-2015', 'https://www.routledge.com/Elucidating-Social-Science-Concepts-An-Interpretivist-Guide/Schaffer/p/book/9780415893268', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"Elucidating Social Science Concepts: An Interpretivist Guide [link]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.org/10.4324/9780203814932\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('schaffer-elucidatingsocialscienceconceptsaninterpretivistguide-2015', 'http://doi.org/10.4324/9780203814932', event.ctrlKey)\"\n     class=\"bibbase doi link\">\n    <span>doi</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/schaffer-elucidatingsocialscienceconceptsaninterpretivistguide-2015\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('schaffer-elucidatingsocialscienceconceptsaninterpretivistguide-2015')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@book{schaffer_elucidating_2015,\n\taddress = {New York},\n\ttitle = {Elucidating {Social} {Science} {Concepts}: {An} {Interpretivist} {Guide}},\n\tisbn = {978-0-203-81493-2},\n\tshorttitle = {Elucidating {Social} {Science} {Concepts}},\n\turl = {https://www.routledge.com/Elucidating-Social-Science-Concepts-An-Interpretivist-Guide/Schaffer/p/book/9780415893268},\n\tabstract = {Concepts have always been foundational to the social science enterprise. This book is a guide to working with them. Against the positivist project of concept},\n\tpublisher = {Routledge},\n\tauthor = {Schaffer, Frederic Charles},\n\tmonth = aug,\n\tyear = {2015},\n\tdoi = {10.4324/9780203814932},\n}\n\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  Concepts have always been foundational to the social science enterprise. This book is a guide to working with them. Against the positivist project of concept\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"shenhav-analyzingsocialnarratives-2015\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  Analyzing Social Narratives.\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Shenhav, S.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  Routledge, New York, NY, May 2015.\n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.org/10.4324/9780203109083\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('shenhav-analyzingsocialnarratives-2015', 'http://doi.org/10.4324/9780203109083', event.ctrlKey)\"\n     class=\"bibbase doi link\">\n    <span>doi</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/shenhav-analyzingsocialnarratives-2015\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('shenhav-analyzingsocialnarratives-2015')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@book{shenhav_analyzing_2015,\n\taddress = {New York, NY},\n\ttitle = {Analyzing {Social} {Narratives}},\n\tisbn = {978-0-203-10908-3},\n\tabstract = {Interpreting human stories, whether those told by individuals, groups, organizations, nations, or even civilizations, opens a wide scope of research options for},\n\tpublisher = {Routledge},\n\tauthor = {Shenhav, Shaul},\n\tmonth = may,\n\tyear = {2015},\n\tdoi = {10.4324/9780203109083},\n}\n\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  Interpreting human stories, whether those told by individuals, groups, organizations, nations, or even civilizations, opens a wide scope of research options for\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"yanow-schwartzshea-interpretationandmethodempiricalresearchmethodsandtheinterpretiveturn-2015\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/edit/10.4324/9781315703275/interpretation-method-dvora-yanow-peregrine-schwartz-shea\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'yanow-schwartzshea-interpretationandmethodempiricalresearchmethodsandtheinterpretiveturn-2015', 'https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/edit/10.4324/9781315703275/interpretation-method-dvora-yanow-peregrine-schwartz-shea', event);\">\n    Interpretation and Method: Empirical Research Methods and the Interpretive Turn.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Yanow, D.;  and Schwartz-Shea, P.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  Routledge, New York, 2 edition, March 2015.\n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/edit/10.4324/9781315703275/interpretation-method-dvora-yanow-peregrine-schwartz-shea\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('yanow-schwartzshea-interpretationandmethodempiricalresearchmethodsandtheinterpretiveturn-2015', 'https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/edit/10.4324/9781315703275/interpretation-method-dvora-yanow-peregrine-schwartz-shea', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"Interpretation and Method: Empirical Research Methods and the Interpretive Turn [link]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.org/10.4324/9781315703275\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('yanow-schwartzshea-interpretationandmethodempiricalresearchmethodsandtheinterpretiveturn-2015', 'http://doi.org/10.4324/9781315703275', event.ctrlKey)\"\n     class=\"bibbase doi link\">\n    <span>doi</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/yanow-schwartzshea-interpretationandmethodempiricalresearchmethodsandtheinterpretiveturn-2015\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('yanow-schwartzshea-interpretationandmethodempiricalresearchmethodsandtheinterpretiveturn-2015')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@book{yanow_interpretation_2015,\n\taddress = {New York},\n\tedition = {2},\n\ttitle = {Interpretation and {Method}: {Empirical} {Research} {Methods} and the {Interpretive} {Turn}},\n\tisbn = {978-1-315-70327-5},\n\tshorttitle = {Interpretation and {Method}},\n\turl = {https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/edit/10.4324/9781315703275/interpretation-method-dvora-yanow-peregrine-schwartz-shea},\n\tabstract = {Exceptionally clear and well-written chapters provide engaging discussions of the methods of accessing, generating, and analyzing social science data, using},\n\tpublisher = {Routledge},\n\tauthor = {Yanow, Dvora and Schwartz-Shea, Peregrine},\n\tmonth = mar,\n\tyear = {2015},\n\tdoi = {10.4324/9781315703275},\n}\n\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  Exceptionally clear and well-written chapters provide engaging discussions of the methods of accessing, generating, and analyzing social science data, using\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"jones-radaelli-thenarrativepolicyframeworkchildormonster-2015\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1080/19460171.2015.1053959\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'jones-radaelli-thenarrativepolicyframeworkchildormonster-2015', 'https://doi.org/10.1080/19460171.2015.1053959', event);\">\n    The Narrative Policy Framework: child or monster?.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Jones, M. D.;  and Radaelli, C. M.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  <i>Critical Policy Studies</i>, 9(3): 339–355. July 2015.\n  <span class=\"note\">Publisher: Routledge _eprint: https://doi.org/10.1080/19460171.2015.1053959</span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1080/19460171.2015.1053959\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('jones-radaelli-thenarrativepolicyframeworkchildormonster-2015', 'https://doi.org/10.1080/19460171.2015.1053959', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"The Narrative Policy Framework: child or monster? [link]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.org/10.1080/19460171.2015.1053959\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('jones-radaelli-thenarrativepolicyframeworkchildormonster-2015', 'http://doi.org/10.1080/19460171.2015.1053959', event.ctrlKey)\"\n     class=\"bibbase doi link\">\n    <span>doi</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/jones-radaelli-thenarrativepolicyframeworkchildormonster-2015\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('jones-radaelli-thenarrativepolicyframeworkchildormonster-2015')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@article{jones_narrative_2015,\n\ttitle = {The {Narrative} {Policy} {Framework}: child or monster?},\n\tvolume = {9},\n\tissn = {1946-0171},\n\tshorttitle = {The {Narrative} {Policy} {Framework}},\n\turl = {https://doi.org/10.1080/19460171.2015.1053959},\n\tdoi = {10.1080/19460171.2015.1053959},\n\tabstract = {Recent critiques of the Narrative Policy Framework (NPF) have described the framework as a hybrid – and perhaps contradictory – platform using postpositivist theory in the service of positivistic methods. While the NPF has done much to advance what one might term its positivist hypotheses-testing orientation, the ongoing relationship between the NPF and its postpositive, interpretative foundation is – to date – unclear. This article explores the relationship between the NPF and interpretivism. In our exploration, we detail NPF dimensions of ontology, epistemology, socio-theoretic choice, disciplinary boundaries, generalizing versus particularizing styles and normativity, as these dimensions relate to interpretivism. We find the NPF and interpretivism to be quite compatible along our analyzed dimensions – albeit with major epistemological differences. We conclude with a discussion outlining what the NPF has to offer interpretivism and what interpretivism has to offer the NPF.},\n\tnumber = {3},\n\turldate = {2024-08-09},\n\tjournal = {Critical Policy Studies},\n\tauthor = {Jones, Michael D. and Radaelli, Claudio M.},\n\tmonth = jul,\n\tyear = {2015},\n\tnote = {Publisher: Routledge\n\\_eprint: https://doi.org/10.1080/19460171.2015.1053959},\n\tkeywords = {Narrative Policy Framework, interpretivism, metatheory, narrative inquiry},\n\tpages = {339--355},\n}\n\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  Recent critiques of the Narrative Policy Framework (NPF) have described the framework as a hybrid – and perhaps contradictory – platform using postpositivist theory in the service of positivistic methods. While the NPF has done much to advance what one might term its positivist hypotheses-testing orientation, the ongoing relationship between the NPF and its postpositive, interpretative foundation is – to date – unclear. This article explores the relationship between the NPF and interpretivism. In our exploration, we detail NPF dimensions of ontology, epistemology, socio-theoretic choice, disciplinary boundaries, generalizing versus particularizing styles and normativity, as these dimensions relate to interpretivism. We find the NPF and interpretivism to be quite compatible along our analyzed dimensions – albeit with major epistemological differences. We conclude with a discussion outlining what the NPF has to offer interpretivism and what interpretivism has to offer the NPF.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"fujii-fivestoriesofaccidentalethnographyturningunplannedmomentsinthefieldintodata-2015\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1177/1468794114548945\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'fujii-fivestoriesofaccidentalethnographyturningunplannedmomentsinthefieldintodata-2015', 'https://doi.org/10.1177/1468794114548945', event);\">\n    Five stories of accidental ethnography: turning unplanned moments in the field into data.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Fujii, L. A.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  <i>Qualitative Research</i>, 15(4): 525–539. August 2015.\n  <span class=\"note\">Publisher: SAGE Publications</span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1177/1468794114548945\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('fujii-fivestoriesofaccidentalethnographyturningunplannedmomentsinthefieldintodata-2015', 'https://doi.org/10.1177/1468794114548945', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"Five stories of accidental ethnography: turning unplanned moments in the field into data [link]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.org/10.1177/1468794114548945\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('fujii-fivestoriesofaccidentalethnographyturningunplannedmomentsinthefieldintodata-2015', 'http://doi.org/10.1177/1468794114548945', event.ctrlKey)\"\n     class=\"bibbase doi link\">\n    <span>doi</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/fujii-fivestoriesofaccidentalethnographyturningunplannedmomentsinthefieldintodata-2015\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('fujii-fivestoriesofaccidentalethnographyturningunplannedmomentsinthefieldintodata-2015')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@article{fujii_five_2015,\n\ttitle = {Five stories of accidental ethnography: turning unplanned moments in the field into data},\n\tvolume = {15},\n\tissn = {1468-7941},\n\tshorttitle = {Five stories of accidental ethnography},\n\turl = {https://doi.org/10.1177/1468794114548945},\n\tdoi = {10.1177/1468794114548945},\n\tabstract = {Observations of daily life are the bread and butter of ethnography but rarely feature as data in other kinds of work. Could non-ethnographic studies also benefit from such observations? If so, how? This article proposes ‘accidental ethnography’ as a method that field researchers can use to gain better understanding of the research context and their own social positioning within that context. Accidental ethnography involves paying systematic attention to the unplanned moments that take place outside an interview, survey, or other structured methods. In these moments the researcher might hear a surprising story or notice an everyday scene she had previously overlooked. The importance of these observations lies not in what they tell us about the particular, but rather what they suggest about the larger political and social world in which they (and the researcher) are embedded. The paper illustrates the argument by presenting five stories from the author’s experiences conducting research on local violence in Rwanda, Bosnia, the US, and elsewhere.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {4},\n\turldate = {2024-08-09},\n\tjournal = {Qualitative Research},\n\tauthor = {Fujii, Lee Ann},\n\tmonth = aug,\n\tyear = {2015},\n\tnote = {Publisher: SAGE Publications},\n\tpages = {525--539},\n}\n\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  Observations of daily life are the bread and butter of ethnography but rarely feature as data in other kinds of work. Could non-ethnographic studies also benefit from such observations? If so, how? This article proposes ‘accidental ethnography’ as a method that field researchers can use to gain better understanding of the research context and their own social positioning within that context. Accidental ethnography involves paying systematic attention to the unplanned moments that take place outside an interview, survey, or other structured methods. In these moments the researcher might hear a surprising story or notice an everyday scene she had previously overlooked. The importance of these observations lies not in what they tell us about the particular, but rather what they suggest about the larger political and social world in which they (and the researcher) are embedded. The paper illustrates the argument by presenting five stories from the author’s experiences conducting research on local violence in Rwanda, Bosnia, the US, and elsewhere.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"bevir-rhodes-routledgehandbookofinterpretivepoliticalscience-2015\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"https://www.routledge.com/Routledge-Handbook-of-Interpretive-Political-Science/Bevir-Rhodes/p/book/9781138498884\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'bevir-rhodes-routledgehandbookofinterpretivepoliticalscience-2015', 'https://www.routledge.com/Routledge-Handbook-of-Interpretive-Political-Science/Bevir-Rhodes/p/book/9781138498884', event);\">\n    Routledge Handbook of Interpretive Political Science.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Bevir, M.;  and Rhodes, R. A. W.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  Routledge, New York, N.Y, July 2015.\n  <span class=\"note\">Google-Books-ID: xAcXCgAAQBAJ</span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"https://www.routledge.com/Routledge-Handbook-of-Interpretive-Political-Science/Bevir-Rhodes/p/book/9781138498884\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('bevir-rhodes-routledgehandbookofinterpretivepoliticalscience-2015', 'https://www.routledge.com/Routledge-Handbook-of-Interpretive-Political-Science/Bevir-Rhodes/p/book/9781138498884', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"Routledge Handbook of Interpretive Political Science [link]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/bevir-rhodes-routledgehandbookofinterpretivepoliticalscience-2015\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('bevir-rhodes-routledgehandbookofinterpretivepoliticalscience-2015')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@book{bevir_routledge_2015,\n\taddress = {New York, N.Y},\n\ttitle = {Routledge {Handbook} of {Interpretive} {Political} {Science}},\n\tisbn = {978-1-317-53361-0},\n\turl = {https://www.routledge.com/Routledge-Handbook-of-Interpretive-Political-Science/Bevir-Rhodes/p/book/9781138498884},\n\tabstract = {Interpretive political science focuses on the meanings that shape actions and institutions, and the ways in which they do so. This Handbook explores the implications of interpretive theory for the study of politics. It provides the first definitive survey of the field edited by two of its pioneers. Written by leading scholars from a range of disciplinary backgrounds, the Handbook’s 32 chapters are split into five parts which explore:   the contrast between interpretive theory and mainstream political science;   the main forms of interpretive theory and the theoretical concepts associated with interpretive political science;   the methods used by interpretive political scientists;   the insights provided by interpretive political science on empirical topics;   the implications of interpretive political science for professional practices such as policy analysis, planning, accountancy, and public health. With an emphasis on the applications of interpretive political science to a range of topics and disciplines, this Handbook is an invaluable resource for students, scholars, and practitioners in the areas of international relations, comparative politics, political sociology, political psychology, and public administration.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tpublisher = {Routledge},\n\tauthor = {Bevir, Mark and Rhodes, R. A. W.},\n\tmonth = jul,\n\tyear = {2015},\n\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: xAcXCgAAQBAJ},\n\tkeywords = {Political Science / General, Political Science / International Relations / General},\n}\n\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  Interpretive political science focuses on the meanings that shape actions and institutions, and the ways in which they do so. This Handbook explores the implications of interpretive theory for the study of politics. It provides the first definitive survey of the field edited by two of its pioneers. Written by leading scholars from a range of disciplinary backgrounds, the Handbook’s 32 chapters are split into five parts which explore: the contrast between interpretive theory and mainstream political science; the main forms of interpretive theory and the theoretical concepts associated with interpretive political science; the methods used by interpretive political scientists; the insights provided by interpretive political science on empirical topics; the implications of interpretive political science for professional practices such as policy analysis, planning, accountancy, and public health. With an emphasis on the applications of interpretive political science to a range of topics and disciplines, this Handbook is an invaluable resource for students, scholars, and practitioners in the areas of international relations, comparative politics, political sociology, political psychology, and public administration.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"amoureux-steele-reflexivityandinternationalrelationspositionalitycritiqueandpractice-2015\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"https://www.routledge.com/Reflexivity-and-International-Relations-Positionality-Critique-and-Practice/Amoureux-Steele/p/book/9781138789227\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'amoureux-steele-reflexivityandinternationalrelationspositionalitycritiqueandpractice-2015', 'https://www.routledge.com/Reflexivity-and-International-Relations-Positionality-Critique-and-Practice/Amoureux-Steele/p/book/9781138789227', event);\">\n    Reflexivity and International Relations: Positionality, Critique, and Practice.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Amoureux, J. L.;  and Steele, B. J.,\n  editors.\n  \n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  Routledge, New York, N.Y,  2015.\n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"https://www.routledge.com/Reflexivity-and-International-Relations-Positionality-Critique-and-Practice/Amoureux-Steele/p/book/9781138789227\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('amoureux-steele-reflexivityandinternationalrelationspositionalitycritiqueandpractice-2015', 'https://www.routledge.com/Reflexivity-and-International-Relations-Positionality-Critique-and-Practice/Amoureux-Steele/p/book/9781138789227', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"Reflexivity and International Relations: Positionality, Critique, and Practice [link]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/amoureux-steele-reflexivityandinternationalrelationspositionalitycritiqueandpractice-2015\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('amoureux-steele-reflexivityandinternationalrelationspositionalitycritiqueandpractice-2015')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@book{amoureux_reflexivity_2015,\n\taddress = {New York, N.Y},\n\ttitle = {Reflexivity and {International} {Relations}: {Positionality}, {Critique}, and {Practice}},\n\tshorttitle = {Reflexivity and {International} {Relations}},\n\turl = {https://www.routledge.com/Reflexivity-and-International-Relations-Positionality-Critique-and-Practice/Amoureux-Steele/p/book/9781138789227},\n\tabstract = {Reflexivity has become a common term in IR scholarship with a variety of uses and meanings. Yet for such an important concept and referent, understandings of reflexivity have been more assumed rather than developed by those who use it, from realists and constructivists to feminists and post-structuralists.This volume seeks to provide the first overview of reflexivity in international relations theory, offering students and scholars a text a comprehensive and systematic overview of the current reflexivity literature develops important insights into how reflexivity can play a broader role in IR theory pushes reflexivity in new, productive directions, and offers more nuanced and concrete specifications of reflexivity moves reflexivity beyond the scholar and the scholarly field to political practice Formulates practices of reflexivity.Drawing together the work of many of the key scholars in the field into one volume, this work will be essential reading for all students of international relations theory.},\n\tlanguage = {English},\n\tpublisher = {Routledge},\n\teditor = {Amoureux, Jack L. and Steele, Brent J.},\n\tyear = {2015},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  Reflexivity has become a common term in IR scholarship with a variety of uses and meanings. Yet for such an important concept and referent, understandings of reflexivity have been more assumed rather than developed by those who use it, from realists and constructivists to feminists and post-structuralists.This volume seeks to provide the first overview of reflexivity in international relations theory, offering students and scholars a text a comprehensive and systematic overview of the current reflexivity literature develops important insights into how reflexivity can play a broader role in IR theory pushes reflexivity in new, productive directions, and offers more nuanced and concrete specifications of reflexivity moves reflexivity beyond the scholar and the scholarly field to political practice Formulates practices of reflexivity.Drawing together the work of many of the key scholars in the field into one volume, this work will be essential reading for all students of international relations theory.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"wedeen-ambiguitiesofdominationpoliticsrhetoricandsymbolsincontemporarysyria-2015\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"https://press.uchicago.edu/ucp/books/book/chicago/A/bo22776830.html\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'wedeen-ambiguitiesofdominationpoliticsrhetoricandsymbolsincontemporarysyria-2015', 'https://press.uchicago.edu/ucp/books/book/chicago/A/bo22776830.html', event);\">\n    Ambiguities of Domination: Politics, Rhetoric, and Symbols in Contemporary Syria.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Wedeen, L.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  University of Chicago Press, Chicago, IL, September 2015.\n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"https://press.uchicago.edu/ucp/books/book/chicago/A/bo22776830.html\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('wedeen-ambiguitiesofdominationpoliticsrhetoricandsymbolsincontemporarysyria-2015', 'https://press.uchicago.edu/ucp/books/book/chicago/A/bo22776830.html', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"Ambiguities of Domination: Politics, Rhetoric, and Symbols in Contemporary Syria [link]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/wedeen-ambiguitiesofdominationpoliticsrhetoricandsymbolsincontemporarysyria-2015\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('wedeen-ambiguitiesofdominationpoliticsrhetoricandsymbolsincontemporarysyria-2015')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@book{wedeen_ambiguities_2015,\n\taddress = {Chicago, IL},\n\ttitle = {Ambiguities of {Domination}: {Politics}, {Rhetoric}, and {Symbols} in {Contemporary} {Syria}},\n\tisbn = {978-0-226-33337-3},\n\tshorttitle = {Ambiguities of {Domination}},\n\turl = {https://press.uchicago.edu/ucp/books/book/chicago/A/bo22776830.html},\n\tabstract = {Treating rhetoric and symbols as central rather than peripheral to politics, Lisa Wedeen’s groundbreaking book offers a compelling counterargument to those who insist that politics is primarily about material interests and the groups advocating for them. During the thirty-year rule of President Hafiz al-Asad’s regime, his image was everywhere. In newspapers, on television, and during orchestrated spectacles. Asad was praised as the “father,” the “gallant knight,” even the country’s “premier pharmacist.” Yet most Syrians, including those who create the official rhetoric, did not believe its claims. Why would a regime spend scarce resources on a personality cult whose content is patently spurious? Wedeen shows how such flagrantly fictitious claims were able to produce a politics of public dissimulation in which citizens acted as if they revered the leader. By inundating daily life with tired symbolism, the regime exercised a subtle, yet effective form of power. The cult worked to enforce obedience, induce complicity, isolate Syrians from one another, and set guidelines for public speech and behavior. Wedeen‘s ethnographic research demonstrates how Syrians recognized the disciplinary aspects of the cult and sought to undermine them. In a new preface, Wedeen discusses the uprising against the Syrian regime that began in 2011 and questions the usefulness of the concept of legitimacy in trying to analyze and understand authoritarian regimes.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\turldate = {2024-08-08},\n\tpublisher = {University of Chicago Press},\n\tauthor = {Wedeen, Lisa},\n\teditor = {Author, the},\n\tmonth = sep,\n\tyear = {2015},\n\tkeywords = {academic, advocacy, argument, contemporary, cult, cultural, culture, eastern, government, historical, history, leaders, leadership, material, middle east, modern, newspaper, personality, poli sci, political, politician, politics, power, president, propaganda, research, rhetoric, rhetorical, ruler, scholarly, symbology, symbols, syria, television},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  Treating rhetoric and symbols as central rather than peripheral to politics, Lisa Wedeen’s groundbreaking book offers a compelling counterargument to those who insist that politics is primarily about material interests and the groups advocating for them. During the thirty-year rule of President Hafiz al-Asad’s regime, his image was everywhere. In newspapers, on television, and during orchestrated spectacles. Asad was praised as the “father,” the “gallant knight,” even the country’s “premier pharmacist.” Yet most Syrians, including those who create the official rhetoric, did not believe its claims. Why would a regime spend scarce resources on a personality cult whose content is patently spurious? Wedeen shows how such flagrantly fictitious claims were able to produce a politics of public dissimulation in which citizens acted as if they revered the leader. By inundating daily life with tired symbolism, the regime exercised a subtle, yet effective form of power. The cult worked to enforce obedience, induce complicity, isolate Syrians from one another, and set guidelines for public speech and behavior. Wedeen‘s ethnographic research demonstrates how Syrians recognized the disciplinary aspects of the cult and sought to undermine them. In a new preface, Wedeen discusses the uprising against the Syrian regime that began in 2011 and questions the usefulness of the concept of legitimacy in trying to analyze and understand authoritarian regimes.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n\n\n\n    </div>\n  </div>\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_group_whole\" id=\"group_2014\">\n    <div class=\"bibbase_group\"\n      onclick=\"toggleGroup('group_2014')\"\n      onkeypress=\"toggleGroup('group_2014')\"\n      tabindex=\"0\">\n      <i class=\"fa fa-angle-down bibbase_group_head_icon\"></i>&nbsp;\n      <span>2014</span>\n      <span class=\"bibbase_group_count\">\n        \n        (24)\n        \n      </span>\n    </div>\n    <div class=\"bibbase_group_body\">\n      \n  \n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"cooper-everydayutopiastheconceptuallifeofpromisingspaces-2014\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"http://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctv1220qrp\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'cooper-everydayutopiastheconceptuallifeofpromisingspaces-2014', 'http://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctv1220qrp', event);\">\n    Everyday Utopias: The Conceptual Life of Promising Spaces.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Cooper, D.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  Duke University Press,  2014.\n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctv1220qrp\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('cooper-everydayutopiastheconceptuallifeofpromisingspaces-2014', 'http://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctv1220qrp', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"Everyday Utopias: The Conceptual Life of Promising Spaces [link]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv1220qrp\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('cooper-everydayutopiastheconceptuallifeofpromisingspaces-2014', 'http://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv1220qrp', event.ctrlKey)\"\n     class=\"bibbase doi link\">\n    <span>doi</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/cooper-everydayutopiastheconceptuallifeofpromisingspaces-2014\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('cooper-everydayutopiastheconceptuallifeofpromisingspaces-2014')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@book{cooper_everyday_2014,\n\ttitle = {Everyday {Utopias}: {The} {Conceptual} {Life} of {Promising} {Spaces}},\n\tisbn = {978-0-8223-5555-7},\n\turl = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctv1220qrp},\n\tabstract = {Everyday utopias enact conventional activities in unusual ways. Instead of dreaming about a better world, participants seek to create it. As such, their activities provide vibrant and stimulating contexts for considering the terms of social life, of how we live together and are governed. Weaving conceptual theorizing together with social analysis, Davina Cooper examines utopian projects as seemingly diverse as a feminist bathhouse, state equality initiatives, community trading networks, and a democratic school where students and staff collaborate in governing. She draws from firsthand observations and interviews with participants to argue that utopian projects have the potential to revitalize progressive politics through the ways their innovative practices incite us to rethink mainstream concepts including property, markets, care, touch, and equality. This is no straightforward story of success, however, but instead a tale of the challenges concepts face as they move between being imagined, actualized, hoped for, and struggled over. As dreaming drives new practices and practices drive new dreams, everyday utopias reveal how hard work, feeling, ethical dilemmas, and sometimes, failure, bring concepts to life.},\n\turldate = {2024-08-14},\n\tpublisher = {Duke University Press},\n\tauthor = {Cooper, Davina},\n\tyear = {2014},\n\tdoi = {10.2307/j.ctv1220qrp},\n}\n\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  Everyday utopias enact conventional activities in unusual ways. Instead of dreaming about a better world, participants seek to create it. As such, their activities provide vibrant and stimulating contexts for considering the terms of social life, of how we live together and are governed. Weaving conceptual theorizing together with social analysis, Davina Cooper examines utopian projects as seemingly diverse as a feminist bathhouse, state equality initiatives, community trading networks, and a democratic school where students and staff collaborate in governing. She draws from firsthand observations and interviews with participants to argue that utopian projects have the potential to revitalize progressive politics through the ways their innovative practices incite us to rethink mainstream concepts including property, markets, care, touch, and equality. This is no straightforward story of success, however, but instead a tale of the challenges concepts face as they move between being imagined, actualized, hoped for, and struggled over. As dreaming drives new practices and practices drive new dreams, everyday utopias reveal how hard work, feeling, ethical dilemmas, and sometimes, failure, bring concepts to life.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"schaffer-thindescriptionsthelimitsofsurveyresearchonthemeaningofdemocracy-2014\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/10.1057/pol.2014.14\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'schaffer-thindescriptionsthelimitsofsurveyresearchonthemeaningofdemocracy-2014', 'https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/10.1057/pol.2014.14', event);\">\n    Thin Descriptions: The Limits of Survey Research on the Meaning of Democracy.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Schaffer, F. C.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  <i>Polity</i>, 46(3): 303–330. July 2014.\n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/10.1057/pol.2014.14\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('schaffer-thindescriptionsthelimitsofsurveyresearchonthemeaningofdemocracy-2014', 'https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/10.1057/pol.2014.14', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"Thin Descriptions: The Limits of Survey Research on the Meaning of Democracy [link]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.org/10.1057/pol.2014.14\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('schaffer-thindescriptionsthelimitsofsurveyresearchonthemeaningofdemocracy-2014', 'http://doi.org/10.1057/pol.2014.14', event.ctrlKey)\"\n     class=\"bibbase doi link\">\n    <span>doi</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/schaffer-thindescriptionsthelimitsofsurveyresearchonthemeaningofdemocracy-2014\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('schaffer-thindescriptionsthelimitsofsurveyresearchonthemeaningofdemocracy-2014')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@article{schaffer_thin_2014,\n\ttitle = {Thin {Descriptions}: {The} {Limits} of {Survey} {Research} on the {Meaning} of {Democracy}},\n\tvolume = {46},\n\tissn = {0032-3497, 1744-1684},\n\tshorttitle = {Thin {Descriptions}},\n\turl = {https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/10.1057/pol.2014.14},\n\tdoi = {10.1057/pol.2014.14},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {3},\n\turldate = {2024-08-14},\n\tjournal = {Polity},\n\tauthor = {Schaffer, Frederic Charles},\n\tmonth = jul,\n\tyear = {2014},\n\tpages = {303--330},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"fay-socialtheoryandpoliticalpractice-2014\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  Social Theory and Political Practice.\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Fay, B.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  Taylor & Francis, United Kingdom, August 2014.\n  <span class=\"note\">Google-Books-ID: vqFeBAAAQBAJ</span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/fay-socialtheoryandpoliticalpractice-2014\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('fay-socialtheoryandpoliticalpractice-2014')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@book{fay_social_2014,\n\taddress = {United Kingdom},\n\ttitle = {Social {Theory} and {Political} {Practice}},\n\tisbn = {978-1-317-65229-8},\n\tabstract = {This book examines the question of how our knowledge of social life affects, and ought to affect, our way of living it. In so doing, it critically discusses two epistemological models of social science – the positivist and the interpretive – from the viewpoint of the political theories which, it is argued, are implicit in these models; moreover, it proposes a third model – the critical – which is organised around an explicit account of the relation between social theory and practical life. The book has the special merit of being a good overview of the principal current ideas about the relation between social theory and political practice, as well as an attempt at providing a new and more satisfactory account of this relationship. To accomplish this task, it synthesises work from the analytic philosophy of social science with that of the neo-Marxism of the Frankfurt school.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tpublisher = {Taylor \\&amp; Francis},\n\tauthor = {Fay, Brian},\n\tmonth = aug,\n\tyear = {2014},\n\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: vqFeBAAAQBAJ},\n\tkeywords = {Social Science / Sociology / General},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  This book examines the question of how our knowledge of social life affects, and ought to affect, our way of living it. In so doing, it critically discusses two epistemological models of social science – the positivist and the interpretive – from the viewpoint of the political theories which, it is argued, are implicit in these models; moreover, it proposes a third model – the critical – which is organised around an explicit account of the relation between social theory and practical life. The book has the special merit of being a good overview of the principal current ideas about the relation between social theory and political practice, as well as an attempt at providing a new and more satisfactory account of this relationship. To accomplish this task, it synthesises work from the analytic philosophy of social science with that of the neo-Marxism of the Frankfurt school.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"hummel-thebureaucraticexperiencethepostmodernchallengethepostmodernchallenge-2014\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  The Bureaucratic Experience: The Post-Modern Challenge: The Post-Modern Challenge.\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Hummel, R. P.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  Routledge, New York, NY, December 2014.\n  <span class=\"note\">Google-Books-ID: Ks7fBQAAQBAJ</span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/hummel-thebureaucraticexperiencethepostmodernchallengethepostmodernchallenge-2014\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('hummel-thebureaucraticexperiencethepostmodernchallengethepostmodernchallenge-2014')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@book{hummel_bureaucratic_2014,\n\taddress = {New York, NY},\n\ttitle = {The {Bureaucratic} {Experience}: {The} {Post}-{Modern} {Challenge}: {The} {Post}-{Modern} {Challenge}},\n\tisbn = {978-1-317-45815-9},\n\tshorttitle = {The {Bureaucratic} {Experience}},\n\tabstract = {Everyone has trouble with bureaucracy. Citizens and politicians have trouble controlling the runaway bureaucratic machine. Managers have trouble managing it. Employees dislike working in it. Clients can&#x27;t get the goods from it. Teachers have difficulty getting a grip on it. Optimists argue that soon all of this will be fixed. The new Fifth Edition of Ralph P. Hummel&#x27;s classic text maintains just the opposite - that despite all the current rhetoric from proponents of total quality management, corporate reengineering, and the new public management, it&#x27;s still &quot;business as usual&quot; for bureaucracies. The persistent reality of organizational structure remains resilient in the face of feel-good trends and values. For this edition the book has been thoroughly revised and updated, with two key changes: each of the six core chapters has been trimmed and edited to consolidate and streamline the important organizational theory developments since the book&#x27;s initial publication; and, each chapter contains newly added critiques of the postmodern theory of modern organizations, pursuing the theme that postmodernism covers up the persistent reality of organizational structure.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tpublisher = {Routledge},\n\tauthor = {Hummel, Ralph P.},\n\tmonth = dec,\n\tyear = {2014},\n\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: Ks7fBQAAQBAJ},\n\tkeywords = {Business \\&amp; Economics / Development / Economic Development, Business \\&amp; Economics / General},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  Everyone has trouble with bureaucracy. Citizens and politicians have trouble controlling the runaway bureaucratic machine. Managers have trouble managing it. Employees dislike working in it. Clients can't get the goods from it. Teachers have difficulty getting a grip on it. Optimists argue that soon all of this will be fixed. The new Fifth Edition of Ralph P. Hummel's classic text maintains just the opposite - that despite all the current rhetoric from proponents of total quality management, corporate reengineering, and the new public management, it's still \"business as usual\" for bureaucracies. The persistent reality of organizational structure remains resilient in the face of feel-good trends and values. For this edition the book has been thoroughly revised and updated, with two key changes: each of the six core chapters has been trimmed and edited to consolidate and streamline the important organizational theory developments since the book's initial publication; and, each chapter contains newly added critiques of the postmodern theory of modern organizations, pursuing the theme that postmodernism covers up the persistent reality of organizational structure.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"zetlin-womeninparliamentsinthepacificregion-2014\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1080/10361146.2014.895796\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'zetlin-womeninparliamentsinthepacificregion-2014', 'https://doi.org/10.1080/10361146.2014.895796', event);\">\n    Women in parliaments in the Pacific region.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Zetlin, D.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  <i>Australian Journal of Political Science</i>, 49(2): 252–266. April 2014.\n  <span class=\"note\">Publisher: Routledge _eprint: https://doi.org/10.1080/10361146.2014.895796</span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1080/10361146.2014.895796\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('zetlin-womeninparliamentsinthepacificregion-2014', 'https://doi.org/10.1080/10361146.2014.895796', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"Women in parliaments in the Pacific region [link]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.org/10.1080/10361146.2014.895796\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('zetlin-womeninparliamentsinthepacificregion-2014', 'http://doi.org/10.1080/10361146.2014.895796', event.ctrlKey)\"\n     class=\"bibbase doi link\">\n    <span>doi</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/zetlin-womeninparliamentsinthepacificregion-2014\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('zetlin-womeninparliamentsinthepacificregion-2014')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@article{zetlin_women_2014,\n\ttitle = {Women in parliaments in the {Pacific} region},\n\tvolume = {49},\n\tissn = {1036-1146},\n\turl = {https://doi.org/10.1080/10361146.2014.895796},\n\tdoi = {10.1080/10361146.2014.895796},\n\tabstract = {The island states of the Pacific region are at the bottom of the international league table for the representation of women in parliament. Despite considerable efforts by international agencies and donor governments and by women of the region, progress on increasing representation is extraordinarily slow. Three major explanations for these low levels of representation can be identified. The most common explanation relates to cultural beliefs, while a second account locates the problem in women&#x27;s socio-economic status. The third explanation argues that there are obstacles for women in the electoral and parliamentary institutions that warrant the introduction of legislated minimum representation of women. Each of these explanations contributes value to our understanding but each also has significant deficiencies, which are identified in the article. 就议会的妇女代表性而论，太平洋地区的岛屿国家可谓国际圆桌会议的垫底。尽管有国际机构和捐助国以及该地区女性的坚持不懈，提高妇女代表性的进展格外缓慢。对于这种低水平的代表性可以有三种解释。最常见的解释与文化观念有关，第二种强调妇女的社会经济地位。第三种解释认为，选举以及议会体制中存在一些障碍，使得妇女的代表性在立法上被最小化。三种解释都有助于我们对问题的理解，但它们又都存在着本文所指出的重要缺陷。},\n\tnumber = {2},\n\turldate = {2024-08-12},\n\tjournal = {Australian Journal of Political Science},\n\tauthor = {Zetlin, Diane},\n\tmonth = apr,\n\tyear = {2014},\n\tnote = {Publisher: Routledge\n\\_eprint: https://doi.org/10.1080/10361146.2014.895796},\n\tkeywords = {Pacific islands, gender, parliaments},\n\tpages = {252--266},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  The island states of the Pacific region are at the bottom of the international league table for the representation of women in parliament. Despite considerable efforts by international agencies and donor governments and by women of the region, progress on increasing representation is extraordinarily slow. Three major explanations for these low levels of representation can be identified. The most common explanation relates to cultural beliefs, while a second account locates the problem in women's socio-economic status. The third explanation argues that there are obstacles for women in the electoral and parliamentary institutions that warrant the introduction of legislated minimum representation of women. Each of these explanations contributes value to our understanding but each also has significant deficiencies, which are identified in the article. 就议会的妇女代表性而论，太平洋地区的岛屿国家可谓国际圆桌会议的垫底。尽管有国际机构和捐助国以及该地区女性的坚持不懈，提高妇女代表性的进展格外缓慢。对于这种低水平的代表性可以有三种解释。最常见的解释与文化观念有关，第二种强调妇女的社会经济地位。第三种解释认为，选举以及议会体制中存在一些障碍，使得妇女的代表性在立法上被最小化。三种解释都有助于我们对问题的理解，但它们又都存在着本文所指出的重要缺陷。\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"sherwood-paredes-dynamicsofperpetuationthepoliticsofkeepinghighlytoxicpesticidesonthemarketinecuador-2014\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"https://www.berghahnjournals.com/view/journals/nature-and-culture/9/1/nc090102.xml\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'sherwood-paredes-dynamicsofperpetuationthepoliticsofkeepinghighlytoxicpesticidesonthemarketinecuador-2014', 'https://www.berghahnjournals.com/view/journals/nature-and-culture/9/1/nc090102.xml', event);\">\n    Dynamics of Perpetuation: The Politics of Keeping Highly Toxic Pesticides on the Market in Ecuador.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Sherwood, S. G.;  and Paredes, M.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  <i>Nature and Culture</i>, 9(1): 21–44. March 2014.\n  <span class=\"note\">Section: Nature and Culture</span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"https://www.berghahnjournals.com/view/journals/nature-and-culture/9/1/nc090102.xml\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('sherwood-paredes-dynamicsofperpetuationthepoliticsofkeepinghighlytoxicpesticidesonthemarketinecuador-2014', 'https://www.berghahnjournals.com/view/journals/nature-and-culture/9/1/nc090102.xml', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"Dynamics of Perpetuation: The Politics of Keeping Highly Toxic Pesticides on the Market in Ecuador [link]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.org/10.3167/nc.2014.090102\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('sherwood-paredes-dynamicsofperpetuationthepoliticsofkeepinghighlytoxicpesticidesonthemarketinecuador-2014', 'http://doi.org/10.3167/nc.2014.090102', event.ctrlKey)\"\n     class=\"bibbase doi link\">\n    <span>doi</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/sherwood-paredes-dynamicsofperpetuationthepoliticsofkeepinghighlytoxicpesticidesonthemarketinecuador-2014\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('sherwood-paredes-dynamicsofperpetuationthepoliticsofkeepinghighlytoxicpesticidesonthemarketinecuador-2014')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@article{sherwood_dynamics_2014,\n\ttitle = {Dynamics of {Perpetuation}: {The} {Politics} of {Keeping} {Highly} {Toxic} {Pesticides} on the {Market} in {Ecuador}},\n\tvolume = {9},\n\tshorttitle = {Dynamics of {Perpetuation}},\n\turl = {https://www.berghahnjournals.com/view/journals/nature-and-culture/9/1/nc090102.xml},\n\tdoi = {10.3167/nc.2014.090102},\n\tabstract = {Based on reflective practice over 15 years in Ecuador, the authors examine the perpetuation of knowingly harmful public policy in highly toxic pesticides. They study how actors cooperate, collude, and collide in advancing certain technological agenda, even when against public interests. Ultimately, entrenchment of perspective opened up space for arrival of new social actors and competing activity and transition. In light of struggles for sustainability, the authors find neglected policy opportunities in the heterogeneity of peoples&#x27; daily practices and countermovements, leading to a call for further attention to the inherently incoherent, complex, and irresolvable human face of sociotechnical change.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {1},\n\turldate = {2024-08-12},\n\tjournal = {Nature and Culture},\n\tauthor = {Sherwood, Stephen G. and Paredes, Myriam},\n\tmonth = mar,\n\tyear = {2014},\n\tnote = {Section: Nature and Culture},\n\tkeywords = {AGRICULTURE/FOOD POLICY, ECUADOR, PESTICIDES, PRACTICE, SOCIOTECHNICAL REGIMES},\n\tpages = {21--44},\n}\n\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  Based on reflective practice over 15 years in Ecuador, the authors examine the perpetuation of knowingly harmful public policy in highly toxic pesticides. They study how actors cooperate, collude, and collide in advancing certain technological agenda, even when against public interests. Ultimately, entrenchment of perspective opened up space for arrival of new social actors and competing activity and transition. In light of struggles for sustainability, the authors find neglected policy opportunities in the heterogeneity of peoples' daily practices and countermovements, leading to a call for further attention to the inherently incoherent, complex, and irresolvable human face of sociotechnical change.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"quick-sandfort-learningtofacilitatedeliberationpracticingtheartofhosting-2014\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1080/19460171.2014.912959\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'quick-sandfort-learningtofacilitatedeliberationpracticingtheartofhosting-2014', 'https://doi.org/10.1080/19460171.2014.912959', event);\">\n    Learning to facilitate deliberation: practicing the art of hosting.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Quick, K.;  and Sandfort, J.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  <i>Critical Policy Studies</i>, 8(3): 300–322. July 2014.\n  <span class=\"note\">Publisher: Routledge _eprint: https://doi.org/10.1080/19460171.2014.912959</span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1080/19460171.2014.912959\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('quick-sandfort-learningtofacilitatedeliberationpracticingtheartofhosting-2014', 'https://doi.org/10.1080/19460171.2014.912959', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"Learning to facilitate deliberation: practicing the art of hosting [link]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.org/10.1080/19460171.2014.912959\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('quick-sandfort-learningtofacilitatedeliberationpracticingtheartofhosting-2014', 'http://doi.org/10.1080/19460171.2014.912959', event.ctrlKey)\"\n     class=\"bibbase doi link\">\n    <span>doi</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/quick-sandfort-learningtofacilitatedeliberationpracticingtheartofhosting-2014\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('quick-sandfort-learningtofacilitatedeliberationpracticingtheartofhosting-2014')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@article{quick_learning_2014,\n\ttitle = {Learning to facilitate deliberation: practicing the art of hosting},\n\tvolume = {8},\n\tissn = {1946-0171},\n\tshorttitle = {Learning to facilitate deliberation},\n\turl = {https://doi.org/10.1080/19460171.2014.912959},\n\tdoi = {10.1080/19460171.2014.912959},\n\tabstract = {Deliberation is increasingly embraced as a mode of policy-making, and this paper focuses on how facilitators of deliberative policy processes become critical, pragmatic practitioners of their complex craft. We analyze how deliberation facilitators learn to do their work through ethnographic study of an approach to facilitation known as the Art of Hosting and Harvesting Conversations that Matter. We identify three ways in which people learning to facilitate transform knowledge so that they become skilled facilitators. They do so by metabolizing hosting techniques to understand and incorporate or eschew them their repertoire; by situating hosting knowledge to apply or adapt it in particular contexts; and by coproducing knowledge of hosting with a community of practitioners. We demonstrate how these learning processes support public policy deliberations through illustrations and discuss the potential contributions of the Art of Hosting for enhancing societal capacities for deliberative policy-making.},\n\tnumber = {3},\n\turldate = {2024-08-12},\n\tjournal = {Critical Policy Studies},\n\tauthor = {Quick, Kathryn and Sandfort, Jodi},\n\tmonth = jul,\n\tyear = {2014},\n\tnote = {Publisher: Routledge\n\\_eprint: https://doi.org/10.1080/19460171.2014.912959},\n\tkeywords = {art of hosting, facilitation, knowledge production, learning theories, policy deliberation, pragmatism},\n\tpages = {300--322},\n}\n\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  Deliberation is increasingly embraced as a mode of policy-making, and this paper focuses on how facilitators of deliberative policy processes become critical, pragmatic practitioners of their complex craft. We analyze how deliberation facilitators learn to do their work through ethnographic study of an approach to facilitation known as the Art of Hosting and Harvesting Conversations that Matter. We identify three ways in which people learning to facilitate transform knowledge so that they become skilled facilitators. They do so by metabolizing hosting techniques to understand and incorporate or eschew them their repertoire; by situating hosting knowledge to apply or adapt it in particular contexts; and by coproducing knowledge of hosting with a community of practitioners. We demonstrate how these learning processes support public policy deliberations through illustrations and discuss the potential contributions of the Art of Hosting for enhancing societal capacities for deliberative policy-making.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"nagy-thetruthandreconciliationcommissionofcanadagenesisanddesign-2014\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/canadian-journal-of-law-and-society-la-revue-canadienne-droit-et-societe/article/abs/truth-and-reconciliation-commission-of-canada-genesis-and-design1/0EE04799DDAE376B2E38ECB0553E5528\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'nagy-thetruthandreconciliationcommissionofcanadagenesisanddesign-2014', 'https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/canadian-journal-of-law-and-society-la-revue-canadienne-droit-et-societe/article/abs/truth-and-reconciliation-commission-of-canada-genesis-and-design1/0EE04799DDAE376B2E38ECB0553E5528', event);\">\n    The Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada: Genesis and Design.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Nagy, R.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  <i>Canadian Journal of Law and Society / La Revue Canadienne Droit et Société</i>, 29(2): 199–217. August 2014.\n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/canadian-journal-of-law-and-society-la-revue-canadienne-droit-et-societe/article/abs/truth-and-reconciliation-commission-of-canada-genesis-and-design1/0EE04799DDAE376B2E38ECB0553E5528\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('nagy-thetruthandreconciliationcommissionofcanadagenesisanddesign-2014', 'https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/canadian-journal-of-law-and-society-la-revue-canadienne-droit-et-societe/article/abs/truth-and-reconciliation-commission-of-canada-genesis-and-design1/0EE04799DDAE376B2E38ECB0553E5528', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"The Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada: Genesis and Design [link]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.org/10.1017/cls.2014.8\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('nagy-thetruthandreconciliationcommissionofcanadagenesisanddesign-2014', 'http://doi.org/10.1017/cls.2014.8', event.ctrlKey)\"\n     class=\"bibbase doi link\">\n    <span>doi</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/nagy-thetruthandreconciliationcommissionofcanadagenesisanddesign-2014\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('nagy-thetruthandreconciliationcommissionofcanadagenesisanddesign-2014')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@article{nagy_truth_2014,\n\ttitle = {The {Truth} and {Reconciliation} {Commission} of {Canada}: {Genesis} and {Design}},\n\tvolume = {29},\n\tissn = {0829-3201, 1911-0227},\n\tshorttitle = {The {Truth} and {Reconciliation} {Commission} of {Canada}},\n\turl = {https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/canadian-journal-of-law-and-society-la-revue-canadienne-droit-et-societe/article/abs/truth-and-reconciliation-commission-of-canada-genesis-and-design1/0EE04799DDAE376B2E38ECB0553E5528},\n\tdoi = {10.1017/cls.2014.8},\n\tabstract = {How and why did Canada end up with a Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC) rather than a judicially based public inquiry in response to Indian Residential Schools? Using a constructivist-interpretivist approach with interview research with twenty-three key actors, this article traces the path toward the Indian Residential Schools Settlement Agreement. It examines in particular the shift from calls for public inquiry to truth and reconciliation. In sourcing the idea of a TRC, it gauges the balance between transnational influences and home-grown elements and suggests that two different approaches to a truth commission were merged during the settlement negotiations. One approach, associated with the Assembly of First Nations, focuses on accountability and public record, and the other, associated with survivor and Protestant organizations, is more grassroots and community-focused. This article looks at hybridity and gaps in the TRC’s design, suggesting that the two visions of a truth commission continue to exist in tension., Comment et pourquoi le Canada a-t-il abouti avec une Commission de vérité et réconciliation (CVR) plutôt que de mettre en place une enquête publique judiciaire sur le système de pensionnats indiens ? À l’aide d’une approche constructiviste-interprétative et de travaux de recherche effectués au moyen d’entrevues avec vingt-trois principaux acteurs, cet article trace le parcours vers la Convention de règlement relative aux pensionnats indiens. Il examine notamment le passage des demandes d’une enquête publique vers des demandes de vérité et réconciliation. Examinant le concept d’une CVR, ce texte mesure le juste équilibre entre les influences transnationales et les éléments canadiens et suggère que deux différentes approches d’une commission de vérité ont été combinées lors des négociations menées en vue du règlement. L’une des approches, associée à l’Assemblée des Premières Nations, est centrée sur la responsabilisation et le domaine public, tandis que l’autre, associée aux organisations protestantes et de survivants, est davantage centrée sur des idées populaires et communautaires. Cet article examine l’hybridité ainsi que les lacunes dans la conception de la CVR et suggère que les deux visions d’une commission de vérité continuent d’exister en tension.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {2},\n\turldate = {2024-08-12},\n\tjournal = {Canadian Journal of Law and Society / La Revue Canadienne Droit et Société},\n\tauthor = {Nagy, Rosemary},\n\tmonth = aug,\n\tyear = {2014},\n\tkeywords = {Commission de vérité et réconciliation du Canada, Convention de règlement relative aux pensionnats indiens, Indian Residential Schools Settlement Agreement, Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada, commissions de vérité, constructivist-interpretivist research, justice transitionnelle, recherche constructiviste-interprétative, transitional justice, truth commissions},\n\tpages = {199--217},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  How and why did Canada end up with a Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC) rather than a judicially based public inquiry in response to Indian Residential Schools? Using a constructivist-interpretivist approach with interview research with twenty-three key actors, this article traces the path toward the Indian Residential Schools Settlement Agreement. It examines in particular the shift from calls for public inquiry to truth and reconciliation. In sourcing the idea of a TRC, it gauges the balance between transnational influences and home-grown elements and suggests that two different approaches to a truth commission were merged during the settlement negotiations. One approach, associated with the Assembly of First Nations, focuses on accountability and public record, and the other, associated with survivor and Protestant organizations, is more grassroots and community-focused. This article looks at hybridity and gaps in the TRC’s design, suggesting that the two visions of a truth commission continue to exist in tension., Comment et pourquoi le Canada a-t-il abouti avec une Commission de vérité et réconciliation (CVR) plutôt que de mettre en place une enquête publique judiciaire sur le système de pensionnats indiens ? À l’aide d’une approche constructiviste-interprétative et de travaux de recherche effectués au moyen d’entrevues avec vingt-trois principaux acteurs, cet article trace le parcours vers la Convention de règlement relative aux pensionnats indiens. Il examine notamment le passage des demandes d’une enquête publique vers des demandes de vérité et réconciliation. Examinant le concept d’une CVR, ce texte mesure le juste équilibre entre les influences transnationales et les éléments canadiens et suggère que deux différentes approches d’une commission de vérité ont été combinées lors des négociations menées en vue du règlement. L’une des approches, associée à l’Assemblée des Premières Nations, est centrée sur la responsabilisation et le domaine public, tandis que l’autre, associée aux organisations protestantes et de survivants, est davantage centrée sur des idées populaires et communautaires. Cet article examine l’hybridité ainsi que les lacunes dans la conception de la CVR et suggère que les deux visions d’une commission de vérité continuent d’exister en tension.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"mukhtarov-rethinkingthetravelofideaspolicytranslationinthewatersector-2014\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"https://bristoluniversitypressdigital.com/view/journals/pp/42/1/article-p71.xml\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'mukhtarov-rethinkingthetravelofideaspolicytranslationinthewatersector-2014', 'https://bristoluniversitypressdigital.com/view/journals/pp/42/1/article-p71.xml', event);\">\n    Rethinking the travel of ideas: policy translation in the water sector.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Mukhtarov, F.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  <i>Policy Press</i>, 42(1): 71–88. January 2014.\n  <span class=\"note\">Section: Policy & Politics</span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"https://bristoluniversitypressdigital.com/view/journals/pp/42/1/article-p71.xml\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('mukhtarov-rethinkingthetravelofideaspolicytranslationinthewatersector-2014', 'https://bristoluniversitypressdigital.com/view/journals/pp/42/1/article-p71.xml', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"Rethinking the travel of ideas: policy translation in the water sector [link]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.org/10.1332/030557312X655459\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('mukhtarov-rethinkingthetravelofideaspolicytranslationinthewatersector-2014', 'http://doi.org/10.1332/030557312X655459', event.ctrlKey)\"\n     class=\"bibbase doi link\">\n    <span>doi</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/mukhtarov-rethinkingthetravelofideaspolicytranslationinthewatersector-2014\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('mukhtarov-rethinkingthetravelofideaspolicytranslationinthewatersector-2014')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@article{mukhtarov_rethinking_2014,\n\ttitle = {Rethinking the travel of ideas: policy translation in the water sector},\n\tvolume = {42},\n\tshorttitle = {Rethinking the travel of ideas},\n\turl = {https://bristoluniversitypressdigital.com/view/journals/pp/42/1/article-p71.xml},\n\tdoi = {10.1332/030557312X655459},\n\tabstract = {The travel of policy ideas across countries is a widely acknowledged phenomenon. Conventional approaches to the study of this process hinge on concepts such as ‘policy transfer’, ‘policy diffusion’, ‘lesson-drawing’ and ‘institutional isomorphism’. These approaches are influential in understanding public policy; however, they assume perfect rationality of actors, the stability of governance scales and the immutability of policy ideas in their travel. I propose policy translation as a new approach to counter these shortcomings and study the travel of policy ideas in order to shed light on pertaining policy questions, such as whether the travel of policy ideas may be navigated, and if so, how. I illustrate the relevance and value of policy translation with a case study from the water sector in Turkey.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {1},\n\turldate = {2024-08-12},\n\tjournal = {Policy Press},\n\tauthor = {Mukhtarov, Farhad},\n\tmonth = jan,\n\tyear = {2014},\n\tnote = {Section: Policy \\&amp; Politics},\n\tkeywords = {contingency, meaning, policy transfer, policy translation, scale},\n\tpages = {71--88},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  The travel of policy ideas across countries is a widely acknowledged phenomenon. Conventional approaches to the study of this process hinge on concepts such as ‘policy transfer’, ‘policy diffusion’, ‘lesson-drawing’ and ‘institutional isomorphism’. These approaches are influential in understanding public policy; however, they assume perfect rationality of actors, the stability of governance scales and the immutability of policy ideas in their travel. I propose policy translation as a new approach to counter these shortcomings and study the travel of policy ideas in order to shed light on pertaining policy questions, such as whether the travel of policy ideas may be navigated, and if so, how. I illustrate the relevance and value of policy translation with a case study from the water sector in Turkey.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"majic-beyondvictimcriminalssexworkersnonprofitorganizationsandgenderideologies-2014\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"https://www.jstor.org/stable/43669893\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'majic-beyondvictimcriminalssexworkersnonprofitorganizationsandgenderideologies-2014', 'https://www.jstor.org/stable/43669893', event);\">\n    BEYOND \"VICTIM-CRIMINALS\": Sex Workers, Nonprofit Organizations, and Gender Ideologies.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Majic, S.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  <i>Gender and Society</i>, 28(3): 463–485.  2014.\n  <span class=\"note\">Publisher: Sage Publications, Inc.</span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"https://www.jstor.org/stable/43669893\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('majic-beyondvictimcriminalssexworkersnonprofitorganizationsandgenderideologies-2014', 'https://www.jstor.org/stable/43669893', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"BEYOND &quot;VICTIM-CRIMINALS&quot;: Sex Workers, Nonprofit Organizations, and Gender Ideologies [link]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/majic-beyondvictimcriminalssexworkersnonprofitorganizationsandgenderideologies-2014\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('majic-beyondvictimcriminalssexworkersnonprofitorganizationsandgenderideologies-2014')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@article{majic_beyond_2014,\n\ttitle = {{BEYOND} &quot;{VICTIM}-{CRIMINALS}&quot;: {Sex} {Workers}, {Nonprofit} {Organizations}, and {Gender} {Ideologies}},\n\tvolume = {28},\n\tissn = {0891-2432},\n\tshorttitle = {{BEYOND} &quot;{VICTIM}-{CRIMINALS}&quot;},\n\turl = {https://www.jstor.org/stable/43669893},\n\tabstract = {This article examines the St. James Infirmary (SJI), a nonprofit occupational health and safety clinic for sex workers in San Francisco, to consider how particular organizational spaces and practices may challenge gender ideologies in the United States—in this case, of women sex workers as &quot;victim-criminals.&quot; Drawing empirically from multimethod qualitative research and theoretically from feminist institutionalism, I indicate how the SJI&#x27;s broader institutional context has (re)produced a victim-criminal ideology of women in prostitution. Next, I consider the SJI&#x27;s organizational emergence and operations to argue that, by deploying particular spatial-discursive practices and operational procedures, nonprofits with legacies of activism may draw from these to challenge dominant gender ideologies, even as they work alongside the broader institutional structures that promote them. Although single case studies like the SJI cannot establish broad theoretical generalizations and propositions, I use it to build knowledge and highlight important lessons about nonprofits, gender, and institutional change.},\n\tnumber = {3},\n\turldate = {2024-08-12},\n\tjournal = {Gender and Society},\n\tauthor = {Majic, Samantha},\n\tyear = {2014},\n\tnote = {Publisher: Sage Publications, Inc.},\n\tpages = {463--485},\n}\n\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  This article examines the St. James Infirmary (SJI), a nonprofit occupational health and safety clinic for sex workers in San Francisco, to consider how particular organizational spaces and practices may challenge gender ideologies in the United States—in this case, of women sex workers as \"victim-criminals.\" Drawing empirically from multimethod qualitative research and theoretically from feminist institutionalism, I indicate how the SJI's broader institutional context has (re)produced a victim-criminal ideology of women in prostitution. Next, I consider the SJI's organizational emergence and operations to argue that, by deploying particular spatial-discursive practices and operational procedures, nonprofits with legacies of activism may draw from these to challenge dominant gender ideologies, even as they work alongside the broader institutional structures that promote them. Although single case studies like the SJI cannot establish broad theoretical generalizations and propositions, I use it to build knowledge and highlight important lessons about nonprofits, gender, and institutional change.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"kurowska-practicalitybyjudgementtransnationalinterpretersoflocalownershipinthepolishukrainianborderreformencounter-2014\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1057/jird.2013.15\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'kurowska-practicalitybyjudgementtransnationalinterpretersoflocalownershipinthepolishukrainianborderreformencounter-2014', 'https://doi.org/10.1057/jird.2013.15', event);\">\n    Practicality by judgement: transnational interpreters of local ownership in the Polish-Ukrainian border reform encounter.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Kurowska, X.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  <i>Journal of International Relations and Development</i>, 17(4): 545–565. October 2014.\n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1057/jird.2013.15\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('kurowska-practicalitybyjudgementtransnationalinterpretersoflocalownershipinthepolishukrainianborderreformencounter-2014', 'https://doi.org/10.1057/jird.2013.15', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"Practicality by judgement: transnational interpreters of local ownership in the Polish-Ukrainian border reform encounter [link]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.org/10.1057/jird.2013.15\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('kurowska-practicalitybyjudgementtransnationalinterpretersoflocalownershipinthepolishukrainianborderreformencounter-2014', 'http://doi.org/10.1057/jird.2013.15', event.ctrlKey)\"\n     class=\"bibbase doi link\">\n    <span>doi</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/kurowska-practicalitybyjudgementtransnationalinterpretersoflocalownershipinthepolishukrainianborderreformencounter-2014\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('kurowska-practicalitybyjudgementtransnationalinterpretersoflocalownershipinthepolishukrainianborderreformencounter-2014')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@article{kurowska_practicality_2014,\n\ttitle = {Practicality by judgement: transnational interpreters of local ownership in the {Polish}-{Ukrainian} border reform encounter},\n\tvolume = {17},\n\tissn = {1581-1980},\n\tshorttitle = {Practicality by judgement},\n\turl = {https://doi.org/10.1057/jird.2013.15},\n\tdoi = {10.1057/jird.2013.15},\n\tabstract = {Local ownership has become a central norm of international statebuilding while its practice is seen as failure. This is explained either as an instance of organised hypocrisy where the norm is de facto circumvented or, in a critical vein, as a hegemonic projection of the neoliberal system of governance which by default erases local agency. Practitioners of statebuilding are seen as agents of moulding; social engineers in the policy discourse or conduits of the discursive structure from which they derive their ‘professional reflex’ and authority in the critical discourse. This article suggests that both designations misdiagnose the problem of action as being ‘caused’ by either norm transfer, or by norms being ‘ingrained’ in professional practices. It adopts a micro-perspective on the practice of embedded experts in a series of EU-sponsored projects to offer a contextual account of an on-the-ground interaction. The encounter between Polish and Ukrainian border guards highlights differential power relations and demonstrates the rich texture of the semantic field of ‘local ownership’. The case nuances arguments about tacit institutional reproduction in transnational settings and the automaticity of norm diffusion among security professionals to illustrate instead a contingent role of ‘practicality by judgement’ in their action.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {4},\n\turldate = {2024-08-12},\n\tjournal = {Journal of International Relations and Development},\n\tauthor = {Kurowska, Xymena},\n\tmonth = oct,\n\tyear = {2014},\n\tkeywords = {border reform, international statebuilding, local ownership, norm, practicality, practice},\n\tpages = {545--565},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  Local ownership has become a central norm of international statebuilding while its practice is seen as failure. This is explained either as an instance of organised hypocrisy where the norm is de facto circumvented or, in a critical vein, as a hegemonic projection of the neoliberal system of governance which by default erases local agency. Practitioners of statebuilding are seen as agents of moulding; social engineers in the policy discourse or conduits of the discursive structure from which they derive their ‘professional reflex’ and authority in the critical discourse. This article suggests that both designations misdiagnose the problem of action as being ‘caused’ by either norm transfer, or by norms being ‘ingrained’ in professional practices. It adopts a micro-perspective on the practice of embedded experts in a series of EU-sponsored projects to offer a contextual account of an on-the-ground interaction. The encounter between Polish and Ukrainian border guards highlights differential power relations and demonstrates the rich texture of the semantic field of ‘local ownership’. The case nuances arguments about tacit institutional reproduction in transnational settings and the automaticity of norm diffusion among security professionals to illustrate instead a contingent role of ‘practicality by judgement’ in their action.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"kurowska-multipolarityasresistancetoliberalnormsrussiaspositiononresponsibilitytoprotect-2014\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1080/14678802.2014.930589\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'kurowska-multipolarityasresistancetoliberalnormsrussiaspositiononresponsibilitytoprotect-2014', 'https://doi.org/10.1080/14678802.2014.930589', event);\">\n    Multipolarity as resistance to liberal norms: Russia's position on responsibility to protect.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Kurowska, X.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  <i>Conflict, Security & Development</i>, 14(4): 489–508. August 2014.\n  <span class=\"note\">Publisher: Routledge _eprint: https://doi.org/10.1080/14678802.2014.930589</span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1080/14678802.2014.930589\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('kurowska-multipolarityasresistancetoliberalnormsrussiaspositiononresponsibilitytoprotect-2014', 'https://doi.org/10.1080/14678802.2014.930589', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"Multipolarity as resistance to liberal norms: Russia&#x27;s position on responsibility to protect [link]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.org/10.1080/14678802.2014.930589\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('kurowska-multipolarityasresistancetoliberalnormsrussiaspositiononresponsibilitytoprotect-2014', 'http://doi.org/10.1080/14678802.2014.930589', event.ctrlKey)\"\n     class=\"bibbase doi link\">\n    <span>doi</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/kurowska-multipolarityasresistancetoliberalnormsrussiaspositiononresponsibilitytoprotect-2014\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('kurowska-multipolarityasresistancetoliberalnormsrussiaspositiononresponsibilitytoprotect-2014')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@article{kurowska_multipolarity_2014,\n\ttitle = {Multipolarity as resistance to liberal norms: {Russia}&#x27;s position on responsibility to protect},\n\tvolume = {14},\n\tissn = {1467-8802},\n\tshorttitle = {Multipolarity as resistance to liberal norms},\n\turl = {https://doi.org/10.1080/14678802.2014.930589},\n\tdoi = {10.1080/14678802.2014.930589},\n\tabstract = {In Western analysis, Russia&#x27;s insistence on the supremacy of international law serves as little more than a strategy to sustain parity with the West. The Kremlin&#x27;s justification of its use of responsibility to protect is seen as an abuse of humanitarian language and a smokescreen in the pursuit of geopolitical interests. Formulated from within the liberal paradigm, such interpretations underestimate the normative saturation of strategic action. This article examines Russia&#x27;s discourse of multipolarity not as being purely strategic—as is widely held—but rather as a form of resistance to the perceived liberal hegemony of the West. The effects of such resistance resemble the outcomes of strategic manoeuvring but they should not be reduced to such. Bolstered by a sense of betrayal by the West, Russia&#x27;s evolving discourse of multipolarity provides an alternative vision of the world order that contests the imposition of liberal values and bestows upon the authorities an actual responsibility to contain the West&#x27;s dominance. Both Russia&#x27;s interpretation of responsibility to protect and its position in the debate arise from this agenda.},\n\tnumber = {4},\n\turldate = {2024-08-12},\n\tjournal = {Conflict, Security \\&amp; Development},\n\tauthor = {Kurowska, Xymena},\n\tmonth = aug,\n\tyear = {2014},\n\tnote = {Publisher: Routledge\n\\_eprint: https://doi.org/10.1080/14678802.2014.930589},\n\tpages = {489--508},\n}\n\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  In Western analysis, Russia's insistence on the supremacy of international law serves as little more than a strategy to sustain parity with the West. The Kremlin's justification of its use of responsibility to protect is seen as an abuse of humanitarian language and a smokescreen in the pursuit of geopolitical interests. Formulated from within the liberal paradigm, such interpretations underestimate the normative saturation of strategic action. This article examines Russia's discourse of multipolarity not as being purely strategic—as is widely held—but rather as a form of resistance to the perceived liberal hegemony of the West. The effects of such resistance resemble the outcomes of strategic manoeuvring but they should not be reduced to such. Bolstered by a sense of betrayal by the West, Russia's evolving discourse of multipolarity provides an alternative vision of the world order that contests the imposition of liberal values and bestows upon the authorities an actual responsibility to contain the West's dominance. Both Russia's interpretation of responsibility to protect and its position in the debate arise from this agenda.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"jeffery-reasonandemotionininternationalethics-2014\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/reason-and-emotion-in-international-ethics/119517EBC4C9F9E3C08D60F211FC1D14\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'jeffery-reasonandemotionininternationalethics-2014', 'https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/reason-and-emotion-in-international-ethics/119517EBC4C9F9E3C08D60F211FC1D14', event);\">\n    Reason and Emotion in International Ethics.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Jeffery, R.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK,  2014.\n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/reason-and-emotion-in-international-ethics/119517EBC4C9F9E3C08D60F211FC1D14\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('jeffery-reasonandemotionininternationalethics-2014', 'https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/reason-and-emotion-in-international-ethics/119517EBC4C9F9E3C08D60F211FC1D14', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"Reason and Emotion in International Ethics [link]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781139764407\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('jeffery-reasonandemotionininternationalethics-2014', 'http://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781139764407', event.ctrlKey)\"\n     class=\"bibbase doi link\">\n    <span>doi</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/jeffery-reasonandemotionininternationalethics-2014\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('jeffery-reasonandemotionininternationalethics-2014')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@book{jeffery_reason_2014,\n\taddress = {Cambridge, UK},\n\ttitle = {Reason and {Emotion} in {International} {Ethics}},\n\tisbn = {978-1-107-03741-0},\n\turl = {https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/reason-and-emotion-in-international-ethics/119517EBC4C9F9E3C08D60F211FC1D14},\n\tabstract = {The study of international ethics is marked by an overwhelming bias towards reasoned reflection at the expense of emotionally driven moral deliberation. For rationalist cosmopolitans in particular, reason alone provides the means by which we can arrive at the truly impartial moral judgments a cosmopolitan ethic demands. However, are the emotions as irrational, selfish and partial as most rationalist cosmopolitans would have us believe? By re-examining the central claims of the eighteenth-century moral sentiment theorists in light of cutting-edge discoveries in the fields of neuroscience and psychology, Renée Jeffery argues that the dominance of rationalism and marginalisation of emotions from theories of global ethics cannot be justified. In its place she develops a sentimentalist cosmopolitan ethic that does not simply provide a framework for identifying injustices and prescribing how we ought to respond to them, but which actually motivates action in response to international injustices such as global poverty.},\n\turldate = {2024-08-11},\n\tpublisher = {Cambridge University Press},\n\tauthor = {Jeffery, Renée},\n\tyear = {2014},\n\tdoi = {10.1017/CBO9781139764407},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  The study of international ethics is marked by an overwhelming bias towards reasoned reflection at the expense of emotionally driven moral deliberation. For rationalist cosmopolitans in particular, reason alone provides the means by which we can arrive at the truly impartial moral judgments a cosmopolitan ethic demands. However, are the emotions as irrational, selfish and partial as most rationalist cosmopolitans would have us believe? By re-examining the central claims of the eighteenth-century moral sentiment theorists in light of cutting-edge discoveries in the fields of neuroscience and psychology, Renée Jeffery argues that the dominance of rationalism and marginalisation of emotions from theories of global ethics cannot be justified. In its place she develops a sentimentalist cosmopolitan ethic that does not simply provide a framework for identifying injustices and prescribing how we ought to respond to them, but which actually motivates action in response to international injustices such as global poverty.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"jeffrey-amnestiesaccountabilityandhumanrights-2014\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"http://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt6wr9f8\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'jeffrey-amnestiesaccountabilityandhumanrights-2014', 'http://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt6wr9f8', event);\">\n    Amnesties, Accountability, and Human Rights.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Jeffrey, R.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  University of Pennsylvania Press, Philadelphia, PA,  2014.\n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt6wr9f8\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('jeffrey-amnestiesaccountabilityandhumanrights-2014', 'http://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt6wr9f8', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"Amnesties, Accountability, and Human Rights [link]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctt6wr9f8\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('jeffrey-amnestiesaccountabilityandhumanrights-2014', 'http://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctt6wr9f8', event.ctrlKey)\"\n     class=\"bibbase doi link\">\n    <span>doi</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/jeffrey-amnestiesaccountabilityandhumanrights-2014\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('jeffrey-amnestiesaccountabilityandhumanrights-2014')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@book{jeffrey_amnesties_2014,\n\taddress = {Philadelphia, PA},\n\ttitle = {Amnesties, {Accountability}, and {Human} {Rights}},\n\tisbn = {978-0-8122-4589-9},\n\turl = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt6wr9f8},\n\tabstract = {For the last thirty years, documented human rights violations have been met with an unprecedented rise in demands for\naccountability. This trend challenges the use of amnesties which\ntypically foreclose opportunities for criminal prosecutions that\nsome argue are crucial to transitional justice. Recent developments have seen amnesties circumvented, overturned, and resisted by\nlawyers, states, and judiciaries committed to ending impunity for human rights violations. Yet, despite this global movement, the use of amnesties since the 1970s has not declined. {\\textless}em{\\textgreater}Amnesties,\nAccountability, and Human Rights{\\textless}/em{\\textgreater} examines why and how\namnesties persist in the face of mounting pressure to prosecute the perpetrators of human rights violations. Drawing on more than 700 amnesties instituted between 1970 and 2005, Renée Jeffery maps out significant trends in the use of amnesty and offers a historical\naccount of how both the use and the perception of amnesty has\nchanged. As mechanisms to facilitate transitions to democracy, to reconcile divided societies, or to end violent conflicts, amnesties have been adapted to suit the competing demands of contemporary\npostconflict politics and international accountability norms.\nThrough the history of one evolving political instrument,\n{\\textless}em{\\textgreater}Amnesties, Accountability, and Human Rights{\\textless}/em{\\textgreater} sheds light on the changing thought, practice, and goals of human rights discourse generally.},\n\turldate = {2024-08-11},\n\tpublisher = {University of Pennsylvania Press},\n\tauthor = {Jeffrey, Renée},\n\tyear = {2014},\n\tdoi = {10.2307/j.ctt6wr9f8},\n}\n\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  For the last thirty years, documented human rights violations have been met with an unprecedented rise in demands for accountability. This trend challenges the use of amnesties which typically foreclose opportunities for criminal prosecutions that some argue are crucial to transitional justice. Recent developments have seen amnesties circumvented, overturned, and resisted by lawyers, states, and judiciaries committed to ending impunity for human rights violations. Yet, despite this global movement, the use of amnesties since the 1970s has not declined. \\textlessem\\textgreaterAmnesties, Accountability, and Human Rights\\textless/em\\textgreater examines why and how amnesties persist in the face of mounting pressure to prosecute the perpetrators of human rights violations. Drawing on more than 700 amnesties instituted between 1970 and 2005, Renée Jeffery maps out significant trends in the use of amnesty and offers a historical account of how both the use and the perception of amnesty has changed. As mechanisms to facilitate transitions to democracy, to reconcile divided societies, or to end violent conflicts, amnesties have been adapted to suit the competing demands of contemporary postconflict politics and international accountability norms. Through the history of one evolving political instrument, \\textlessem\\textgreaterAmnesties, Accountability, and Human Rights\\textless/em\\textgreater sheds light on the changing thought, practice, and goals of human rights discourse generally.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"elston-notsoarmslengthreinterpretingagenciesinukcentralgovernment-2014\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/padm.12089\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'elston-notsoarmslengthreinterpretingagenciesinukcentralgovernment-2014', 'https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/padm.12089', event);\">\n    Not so ‘Arm's Length’: Reinterpreting Agencies in Uk Central Government.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Elston, T.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  <i>Public Administration</i>, 92(2): 458–476.  2014.\n  <span class=\"note\">_eprint: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/padm.12089</span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/padm.12089\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('elston-notsoarmslengthreinterpretingagenciesinukcentralgovernment-2014', 'https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/padm.12089', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"Not so ‘Arm&#x27;s Length’: Reinterpreting Agencies in Uk Central Government [link]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.org/10.1111/padm.12089\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('elston-notsoarmslengthreinterpretingagenciesinukcentralgovernment-2014', 'http://doi.org/10.1111/padm.12089', event.ctrlKey)\"\n     class=\"bibbase doi link\">\n    <span>doi</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/elston-notsoarmslengthreinterpretingagenciesinukcentralgovernment-2014\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('elston-notsoarmslengthreinterpretingagenciesinukcentralgovernment-2014')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@article{elston_not_2014,\n\ttitle = {Not so ‘{Arm}&#x27;s {Length}’: {Reinterpreting} {Agencies} in {Uk} {Central} {Government}},\n\tvolume = {92},\n\tcopyright = {© 2014 John Wiley \\&amp; Sons Ltd},\n\tissn = {1467-9299},\n\tshorttitle = {Not so ‘{Arm}&#x27;s {Length}’},\n\turl = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/padm.12089},\n\tdoi = {10.1111/padm.12089},\n\tabstract = {Administrative decentralization to government agencies (so-called ‘agencification’) has attracted much attention in recent years, increasingly for its longevity or evolution after the ‘high’ managerialism of the 1980s, and largely through a neo-positivist epistemology. Drawing on techniques of narrative and discourse analysis, and a model of incremental ideational change, this article identifies the necessity of supplementing those existing large-N analyses of agencification&#x27;s expansion and decline with qualitative attention to the endurance of policy meaning. It demonstrates how the original foundations of managerialism, civil service empowerment and decentralization from the UK&#x27;s seminal ‘Next Steps’ agency programme are eschewed in contemporary reform discourse, where agencification is instead advocated as centralized, politically proximate and departmentalized governance. This substantial reinterpretation of the arm&#x27;s-length concept not only challenges existing claims of continuity in UK administrative policy, but also demonstrates the utility of interpretive methods for exploring longevity in public management more widely.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {2},\n\turldate = {2024-08-11},\n\tjournal = {Public Administration},\n\tauthor = {Elston, Thomas},\n\tyear = {2014},\n\tnote = {\\_eprint: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/padm.12089},\n\tpages = {458--476},\n}\n\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  Administrative decentralization to government agencies (so-called ‘agencification’) has attracted much attention in recent years, increasingly for its longevity or evolution after the ‘high’ managerialism of the 1980s, and largely through a neo-positivist epistemology. Drawing on techniques of narrative and discourse analysis, and a model of incremental ideational change, this article identifies the necessity of supplementing those existing large-N analyses of agencification's expansion and decline with qualitative attention to the endurance of policy meaning. It demonstrates how the original foundations of managerialism, civil service empowerment and decentralization from the UK's seminal ‘Next Steps’ agency programme are eschewed in contemporary reform discourse, where agencification is instead advocated as centralized, politically proximate and departmentalized governance. This substantial reinterpretation of the arm's-length concept not only challenges existing claims of continuity in UK administrative policy, but also demonstrates the utility of interpretive methods for exploring longevity in public management more widely.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"dodge-civilsocietyorganizationsanddeliberativepolicymakinginterpretingenvironmentalcontroversiesinthedeliberativesystem-2014\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11077-014-9200-y\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'dodge-civilsocietyorganizationsanddeliberativepolicymakinginterpretingenvironmentalcontroversiesinthedeliberativesystem-2014', 'https://doi.org/10.1007/s11077-014-9200-y', event);\">\n    Civil society organizations and deliberative policy making: interpreting environmental controversies in the deliberative system.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Dodge, J.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  <i>Policy Sciences</i>, 47(2): 161–185. June 2014.\n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11077-014-9200-y\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('dodge-civilsocietyorganizationsanddeliberativepolicymakinginterpretingenvironmentalcontroversiesinthedeliberativesystem-2014', 'https://doi.org/10.1007/s11077-014-9200-y', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"Civil society organizations and deliberative policy making: interpreting environmental controversies in the deliberative system [link]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.org/10.1007/s11077-014-9200-y\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('dodge-civilsocietyorganizationsanddeliberativepolicymakinginterpretingenvironmentalcontroversiesinthedeliberativesystem-2014', 'http://doi.org/10.1007/s11077-014-9200-y', event.ctrlKey)\"\n     class=\"bibbase doi link\">\n    <span>doi</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/dodge-civilsocietyorganizationsanddeliberativepolicymakinginterpretingenvironmentalcontroversiesinthedeliberativesystem-2014\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('dodge-civilsocietyorganizationsanddeliberativepolicymakinginterpretingenvironmentalcontroversiesinthedeliberativesystem-2014')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@article{dodge_civil_2014,\n\ttitle = {Civil society organizations and deliberative policy making: interpreting environmental controversies in the deliberative system},\n\tvolume = {47},\n\tissn = {1573-0891},\n\tshorttitle = {Civil society organizations and deliberative policy making},\n\turl = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s11077-014-9200-y},\n\tdoi = {10.1007/s11077-014-9200-y},\n\tabstract = {This paper argues that while research on deliberative democracy is burgeoning, there is relatively little attention paid to the contributions of civil society. Based on an interpretive conceptualization of deliberative democracy, this paper draws attention to the ways in which civil society organizations employ “storylines” about environmental issues and deliberative processes to shape deliberative policy making. It asks, how do civil society organizations promote storylines in the deliberative system to change policy? How do storylines constitute policy and policy-making processes in the deliberative system? I answer these questions through an empirical analysis of two environmental controversies in the USA: environmental justice in New Mexico and coalbed methane development in Wyoming. Findings indicate that civil society organizations used storylines in both cases to shift the dynamics of the deliberative system and to advance their own interpretations of environmental problems and policy-making processes. Specifically, they used storylines (1) to set the agenda on environmental hazards, (2) to construct the form of public deliberation, changing the rules of the game, (3) to construct the content of public deliberation, shaping meanings related to environmental policy, and (4) to couple/align forums, arenas and courts across the system. These findings suggest that promoting storylines through accommodation and selection processes can be an important mechanism for shaping policy meanings and for improving deliberative quality, although these effects are tempered by discursive and material forms of power, and the competition among alternative storylines.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {2},\n\turldate = {2024-08-11},\n\tjournal = {Policy Sciences},\n\tauthor = {Dodge, Jennifer},\n\tmonth = jun,\n\tyear = {2014},\n\tkeywords = {Civil society organizations, Deliberative democracy, Deliberative system, Environmental policy, Interpretive policy analysis, Narrative inquiry},\n\tpages = {161--185},\n}\n\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  This paper argues that while research on deliberative democracy is burgeoning, there is relatively little attention paid to the contributions of civil society. Based on an interpretive conceptualization of deliberative democracy, this paper draws attention to the ways in which civil society organizations employ “storylines” about environmental issues and deliberative processes to shape deliberative policy making. It asks, how do civil society organizations promote storylines in the deliberative system to change policy? How do storylines constitute policy and policy-making processes in the deliberative system? I answer these questions through an empirical analysis of two environmental controversies in the USA: environmental justice in New Mexico and coalbed methane development in Wyoming. Findings indicate that civil society organizations used storylines in both cases to shift the dynamics of the deliberative system and to advance their own interpretations of environmental problems and policy-making processes. Specifically, they used storylines (1) to set the agenda on environmental hazards, (2) to construct the form of public deliberation, changing the rules of the game, (3) to construct the content of public deliberation, shaping meanings related to environmental policy, and (4) to couple/align forums, arenas and courts across the system. These findings suggest that promoting storylines through accommodation and selection processes can be an important mechanism for shaping policy meanings and for improving deliberative quality, although these effects are tempered by discursive and material forms of power, and the competition among alternative storylines.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"corson-campbell-macdonald-capturingthepersonalinpoliticsethnographiesofglobalenvironmentalgovernance-2014\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1162/GLEP_a_00237\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'corson-campbell-macdonald-capturingthepersonalinpoliticsethnographiesofglobalenvironmentalgovernance-2014', 'https://doi.org/10.1162/GLEP_a_00237', event);\">\n    Capturing the Personal in Politics: Ethnographies of Global Environmental Governance.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Corson, C.; Campbell, L. M.;  and MacDonald, K. I.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  <i>Global Environmental Politics</i>, 14(3): 21–40. August 2014.\n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1162/GLEP_a_00237\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('corson-campbell-macdonald-capturingthepersonalinpoliticsethnographiesofglobalenvironmentalgovernance-2014', 'https://doi.org/10.1162/GLEP_a_00237', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"Capturing the Personal in Politics: Ethnographies of Global Environmental Governance [link]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.org/10.1162/GLEP_a_00237\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('corson-campbell-macdonald-capturingthepersonalinpoliticsethnographiesofglobalenvironmentalgovernance-2014', 'http://doi.org/10.1162/GLEP_a_00237', event.ctrlKey)\"\n     class=\"bibbase doi link\">\n    <span>doi</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/corson-campbell-macdonald-capturingthepersonalinpoliticsethnographiesofglobalenvironmentalgovernance-2014\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('corson-campbell-macdonald-capturingthepersonalinpoliticsethnographiesofglobalenvironmentalgovernance-2014')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@article{corson_capturing_2014,\n\ttitle = {Capturing the {Personal} in {Politics}: {Ethnographies} of {Global} {Environmental} {Governance}},\n\tvolume = {14},\n\tissn = {1526-3800},\n\tshorttitle = {Capturing the {Personal} in {Politics}},\n\turl = {https://doi.org/10.1162/GLEP_a_00237},\n\tdoi = {10.1162/GLEP_a_00237},\n\tabstract = {In this article we elaborate on how we use collaborative event ethnography to study global environmental governance. We discuss how it builds on traditional forms of ethnography, as well as on approaches that use ethnography to study policy-making in multiple institutional and geographical sites. We argue that global environmental meetings and negotiations offer opportunities to study critical historical moments in the making of emergent regimes of global environmental governance, and that collaborative ethnography can capture the day-to-day practices that constitute policy paradigm shifts. In this method, the negotiations themselves are not the object of study, but rather how they reflect and transform relations of power in environmental governance. Finally, we propose a new approach to understanding and examining global environmental governance—one that views the ethnographic field as constituted by relationships across time and space that come together at sites such as meetings.},\n\tnumber = {3},\n\turldate = {2024-08-11},\n\tjournal = {Global Environmental Politics},\n\tauthor = {Corson, Catherine and Campbell, Lisa M. and MacDonald, Kenneth I.},\n\tmonth = aug,\n\tyear = {2014},\n\tpages = {21--40},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  In this article we elaborate on how we use collaborative event ethnography to study global environmental governance. We discuss how it builds on traditional forms of ethnography, as well as on approaches that use ethnography to study policy-making in multiple institutional and geographical sites. We argue that global environmental meetings and negotiations offer opportunities to study critical historical moments in the making of emergent regimes of global environmental governance, and that collaborative ethnography can capture the day-to-day practices that constitute policy paradigm shifts. In this method, the negotiations themselves are not the object of study, but rather how they reflect and transform relations of power in environmental governance. Finally, we propose a new approach to understanding and examining global environmental governance—one that views the ethnographic field as constituted by relationships across time and space that come together at sites such as meetings.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"boswell-hoistedwithourownpetardevidenceanddemocraticdeliberationonobesity-2014\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"https://www.jstor.org/stable/44113976\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'boswell-hoistedwithourownpetardevidenceanddemocraticdeliberationonobesity-2014', 'https://www.jstor.org/stable/44113976', event);\">\n    'Hoisted with our own petard': evidence and democratic deliberation on obesity.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Boswell, J.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  <i>Policy Sciences</i>, 47(4): 345–365.  2014.\n  <span class=\"note\">Publisher: Springer</span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"https://www.jstor.org/stable/44113976\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('boswell-hoistedwithourownpetardevidenceanddemocraticdeliberationonobesity-2014', 'https://www.jstor.org/stable/44113976', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"&#x27;Hoisted with our own petard&#x27;: evidence and democratic deliberation on obesity [link]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/boswell-hoistedwithourownpetardevidenceanddemocraticdeliberationonobesity-2014\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('boswell-hoistedwithourownpetardevidenceanddemocraticdeliberationonobesity-2014')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@article{boswell_hoisted_2014,\n\ttitle = {&#x27;{Hoisted} with our own petard&#x27;: evidence and democratic deliberation on obesity},\n\tvolume = {47},\n\tissn = {0032-2687},\n\tshorttitle = {&#x27;{Hoisted} with our own petard&#x27;},\n\turl = {https://www.jstor.org/stable/44113976},\n\tabstract = {Key actors engaged in debate on obesity in Australia and the UK subscribe to radically different narratives about the nature, extent and even existence of this public health problem. Yet there is a common thread to these clashing narratives: evidence. All are emphatic that their story is &#x27;evidence-based&#x27;. In this paper, I seek to examine this state of affairs by looking at how actors think about, use and interpret evidence across a range of sites of policy debate on this issue. In doing so, I contribute to academic inquiry about the place of evidence in democratic deliberation. Firstly, I find that there is a high degree of consensus among actors who promote differing interpretations of the issue on what evidence means and entails in the abstract. Secondly, I find that the differing narratives on obesity are underpinned by different interpretations of the evidence, but that internal inconsistencies affect each of these competing narratives as well. As such, I argue that policy actors should not be seen just as strategically marshalling convenient evidence to support a preconceived cause. Overall, I suggest that these findings have mixed implications for democratic deliberation on the issue, enhancing the deliberative side of the equation but undermining the democratic. I then point to ways in which the goals of evidence-based and democratic policymaking on this issue may be further reconciled.},\n\tnumber = {4},\n\turldate = {2024-08-11},\n\tjournal = {Policy Sciences},\n\tauthor = {Boswell, John},\n\tyear = {2014},\n\tnote = {Publisher: Springer},\n\tpages = {345--365},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  Key actors engaged in debate on obesity in Australia and the UK subscribe to radically different narratives about the nature, extent and even existence of this public health problem. Yet there is a common thread to these clashing narratives: evidence. All are emphatic that their story is 'evidence-based'. In this paper, I seek to examine this state of affairs by looking at how actors think about, use and interpret evidence across a range of sites of policy debate on this issue. In doing so, I contribute to academic inquiry about the place of evidence in democratic deliberation. Firstly, I find that there is a high degree of consensus among actors who promote differing interpretations of the issue on what evidence means and entails in the abstract. Secondly, I find that the differing narratives on obesity are underpinned by different interpretations of the evidence, but that internal inconsistencies affect each of these competing narratives as well. As such, I argue that policy actors should not be seen just as strategically marshalling convenient evidence to support a preconceived cause. Overall, I suggest that these findings have mixed implications for democratic deliberation on the issue, enhancing the deliberative side of the equation but undermining the democratic. I then point to ways in which the goals of evidence-based and democratic policymaking on this issue may be further reconciled.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"boezeman-vink-leroy-halffman-participationunderaspellofinstrumentalizationreflectionsonactionresearchinanentrenchedclimateadaptationpolicyprocess-2014\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/19460171.2014.950304\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'boezeman-vink-leroy-halffman-participationunderaspellofinstrumentalizationreflectionsonactionresearchinanentrenchedclimateadaptationpolicyprocess-2014', 'https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/19460171.2014.950304', event);\">\n    Participation under a spell of instrumentalization? Reflections on action research in an entrenched climate adaptation policy process.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Boezeman, D.; Vink, M.; Leroy, P.;  and Halffman, W.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  <i>Critical Policy Studies</i>, 8(4): 407–426. October 2014.\n  <span class=\"note\">Publisher: Routledge</span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/19460171.2014.950304\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('boezeman-vink-leroy-halffman-participationunderaspellofinstrumentalizationreflectionsonactionresearchinanentrenchedclimateadaptationpolicyprocess-2014', 'https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/19460171.2014.950304', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"Participation under a spell of instrumentalization? Reflections on action research in an entrenched climate adaptation policy process [link]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.org/10.1080/19460171.2014.950304\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('boezeman-vink-leroy-halffman-participationunderaspellofinstrumentalizationreflectionsonactionresearchinanentrenchedclimateadaptationpolicyprocess-2014', 'http://doi.org/10.1080/19460171.2014.950304', event.ctrlKey)\"\n     class=\"bibbase doi link\">\n    <span>doi</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/boezeman-vink-leroy-halffman-participationunderaspellofinstrumentalizationreflectionsonactionresearchinanentrenchedclimateadaptationpolicyprocess-2014\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('boezeman-vink-leroy-halffman-participationunderaspellofinstrumentalizationreflectionsonactionresearchinanentrenchedclimateadaptationpolicyprocess-2014')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@article{boezeman_participation_2014,\n\ttitle = {Participation under a spell of instrumentalization? {Reflections} on action research in an entrenched climate adaptation policy process},\n\tvolume = {8},\n\tissn = {1946-0171},\n\tshorttitle = {Participation under a spell of instrumentalization?},\n\turl = {https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/19460171.2014.950304},\n\tdoi = {10.1080/19460171.2014.950304},\n\tnumber = {4},\n\turldate = {2024-08-11},\n\tjournal = {Critical Policy Studies},\n\tauthor = {Boezeman, Daan and Vink, Martinus and Leroy, Pieter and Halffman, Willem},\n\tmonth = oct,\n\tyear = {2014},\n\tnote = {Publisher: Routledge},\n\tkeywords = {action research, climate adaptation, instrumentalization, participation, science–policy interface, water management},\n\tpages = {407--426},\n}\n\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"autesserre-peacelandconflictresolutionandtheeverydaypoliticsofinternationalintervention-2014\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/peaceland/FE7B8E75F7C88211999BF654BF968B1C\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'autesserre-peacelandconflictresolutionandtheeverydaypoliticsofinternationalintervention-2014', 'https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/peaceland/FE7B8E75F7C88211999BF654BF968B1C', event);\">\n    Peaceland: Conflict Resolution and the Everyday Politics of International Intervention.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Autesserre, S.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n   of Problems of International PoliticsCambridge University Press, Cambridge,  2014.\n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/peaceland/FE7B8E75F7C88211999BF654BF968B1C\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('autesserre-peacelandconflictresolutionandtheeverydaypoliticsofinternationalintervention-2014', 'https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/peaceland/FE7B8E75F7C88211999BF654BF968B1C', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"Peaceland: Conflict Resolution and the Everyday Politics of International Intervention [link]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781107280366\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('autesserre-peacelandconflictresolutionandtheeverydaypoliticsofinternationalintervention-2014', 'http://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781107280366', event.ctrlKey)\"\n     class=\"bibbase doi link\">\n    <span>doi</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/autesserre-peacelandconflictresolutionandtheeverydaypoliticsofinternationalintervention-2014\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('autesserre-peacelandconflictresolutionandtheeverydaypoliticsofinternationalintervention-2014')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@book{autesserre_peaceland_2014,\n\taddress = {Cambridge},\n\tseries = {Problems of {International} {Politics}},\n\ttitle = {Peaceland: {Conflict} {Resolution} and the {Everyday} {Politics} of {International} {Intervention}},\n\tisbn = {978-1-107-05210-9},\n\tshorttitle = {Peaceland},\n\turl = {https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/peaceland/FE7B8E75F7C88211999BF654BF968B1C},\n\tabstract = {This book suggests a new explanation for why international peace interventions often fail to reach their full potential. Based on several years of ethnographic research in conflict zones around the world, it demonstrates that everyday elements - such as the expatriates&#x27; social habits and usual approaches to understanding their areas of operation - strongly influence peacebuilding effectiveness. Individuals from all over the world and all walks of life share numerous practices, habits, and narratives when they serve as interveners in conflict zones. These common attitudes and actions enable foreign peacebuilders to function in the field, but they also result in unintended consequences that thwart international efforts. Certain expatriates follow alternative modes of thinking and acting, often with notable results, but they remain in the minority. Through an in-depth analysis of the interveners&#x27; everyday life and work, this book proposes innovative ways to better help host populations build a sustainable peace.},\n\turldate = {2024-08-09},\n\tpublisher = {Cambridge University Press},\n\tauthor = {Autesserre, Séverine},\n\tyear = {2014},\n\tdoi = {10.1017/CBO9781107280366},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  This book suggests a new explanation for why international peace interventions often fail to reach their full potential. Based on several years of ethnographic research in conflict zones around the world, it demonstrates that everyday elements - such as the expatriates' social habits and usual approaches to understanding their areas of operation - strongly influence peacebuilding effectiveness. Individuals from all over the world and all walks of life share numerous practices, habits, and narratives when they serve as interveners in conflict zones. These common attitudes and actions enable foreign peacebuilders to function in the field, but they also result in unintended consequences that thwart international efforts. Certain expatriates follow alternative modes of thinking and acting, often with notable results, but they remain in the minority. Through an in-depth analysis of the interveners' everyday life and work, this book proposes innovative ways to better help host populations build a sustainable peace.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"rhodes-genreblurringandpublicadministrationwhatcanwelearnfromethnography-2014\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/1467-8500.12085\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'rhodes-genreblurringandpublicadministrationwhatcanwelearnfromethnography-2014', 'https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/1467-8500.12085', event);\">\n    ‘Genre Blurring’ and Public Administration: What Can We Learn from Ethnography?.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Rhodes, R. a. W.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  <i>Australian Journal of Public Administration</i>, 73(3): 317–330.  2014.\n  <span class=\"note\">_eprint: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/1467-8500.12085</span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/1467-8500.12085\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('rhodes-genreblurringandpublicadministrationwhatcanwelearnfromethnography-2014', 'https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/1467-8500.12085', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"‘Genre Blurring’ and Public Administration: What Can We Learn from Ethnography? [link]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8500.12085\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('rhodes-genreblurringandpublicadministrationwhatcanwelearnfromethnography-2014', 'http://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8500.12085', event.ctrlKey)\"\n     class=\"bibbase doi link\">\n    <span>doi</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/rhodes-genreblurringandpublicadministrationwhatcanwelearnfromethnography-2014\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('rhodes-genreblurringandpublicadministrationwhatcanwelearnfromethnography-2014')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@article{rhodes_genre_2014,\n\ttitle = {‘{Genre} {Blurring}’ and {Public} {Administration}: {What} {Can} {We} {Learn} from {Ethnography}?},\n\tvolume = {73},\n\tcopyright = {© 2014 National Council of the Institute of Public Administration Australia},\n\tissn = {1467-8500},\n\tshorttitle = {‘{Genre} {Blurring}’ and {Public} {Administration}},\n\turl = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/1467-8500.12085},\n\tdoi = {10.1111/1467-8500.12085},\n\tabstract = {This article seeks to broaden the craft of public administration by ‘blurring genres’. First, I explain the phrase ‘blurring genres’. Second, I provide some examples of early work in administrative ethnography. Third, I compare this early, modernist-empiricist ethnography with interpretive ethnography, suggesting researchers confront three choices: naturalism vs. anti-naturalism; intensive vs. hit-and-run fieldwork; and generalisation vs. local knowledge. After this general discussion, and fourth, I discuss the more prosaic issues that confront anyone seeking to use ethnography to study public administration and look at fieldwork roles, relevance, time, evidence and fieldwork relationships. Fifth, I describe and illustrate the several tools students of public administration can use as well as observation and interviews; namely, focus groups, para-ethnography, visual ethnography, and storytelling. Finally, I conclude that ethnographic fieldwork provides texture, depth and nuance, and lets interviewees explain the meaning of their actions. It is an indispensable tool and a graphic example of how to enrich public administration by drawing on the theories and methods of the humanities.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {3},\n\turldate = {2024-08-09},\n\tjournal = {Australian Journal of Public Administration},\n\tauthor = {Rhodes, R. a. W.},\n\tyear = {2014},\n\tnote = {\\_eprint: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/1467-8500.12085},\n\tkeywords = {craft, ethnography, fieldwork, interpretive theory, storytelling},\n\tpages = {317--330},\n}\n\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  This article seeks to broaden the craft of public administration by ‘blurring genres’. First, I explain the phrase ‘blurring genres’. Second, I provide some examples of early work in administrative ethnography. Third, I compare this early, modernist-empiricist ethnography with interpretive ethnography, suggesting researchers confront three choices: naturalism vs. anti-naturalism; intensive vs. hit-and-run fieldwork; and generalisation vs. local knowledge. After this general discussion, and fourth, I discuss the more prosaic issues that confront anyone seeking to use ethnography to study public administration and look at fieldwork roles, relevance, time, evidence and fieldwork relationships. Fifth, I describe and illustrate the several tools students of public administration can use as well as observation and interviews; namely, focus groups, para-ethnography, visual ethnography, and storytelling. Finally, I conclude that ethnographic fieldwork provides texture, depth and nuance, and lets interviewees explain the meaning of their actions. It is an indispensable tool and a graphic example of how to enrich public administration by drawing on the theories and methods of the humanities.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"hall-thepromiseandperilsofinterpretivisminaustralianinternationalrelations-2014\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/1467-8500.12084\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'hall-thepromiseandperilsofinterpretivisminaustralianinternationalrelations-2014', 'https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/1467-8500.12084', event);\">\n    The Promise and Perils of Interpretivism in Australian International Relations.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Hall, I.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  <i>Australian Journal of Public Administration</i>, 73(3): 307–316.  2014.\n  <span class=\"note\">_eprint: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/1467-8500.12084</span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/1467-8500.12084\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('hall-thepromiseandperilsofinterpretivisminaustralianinternationalrelations-2014', 'https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/1467-8500.12084', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"The Promise and Perils of Interpretivism in Australian International Relations [link]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8500.12084\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('hall-thepromiseandperilsofinterpretivisminaustralianinternationalrelations-2014', 'http://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8500.12084', event.ctrlKey)\"\n     class=\"bibbase doi link\">\n    <span>doi</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/hall-thepromiseandperilsofinterpretivisminaustralianinternationalrelations-2014\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('hall-thepromiseandperilsofinterpretivisminaustralianinternationalrelations-2014')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@article{hall_promise_2014,\n\ttitle = {The {Promise} and {Perils} of {Interpretivism} in {Australian} {International} {Relations}},\n\tvolume = {73},\n\tcopyright = {© 2014 National Council of the Institute of Public Administration Australia},\n\tissn = {1467-8500},\n\turl = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/1467-8500.12084},\n\tdoi = {10.1111/1467-8500.12084},\n\tabstract = {Australian International Relations (IR) was once a hybrid of American and European styles of political science, but today it is dominated by a British-inspired post-positivism which has its virtues – and its vices – and which utilises various interpretive and semi-interpretive approaches. This paper welcomes the ‘interpretive turn’ in Australian IR, but recognises its weaknesses, and argues that, to overcome them, interpretivists must be clear about what interpretivism should and should not entail. It argues that a thoroughgoing interpretivism offers two things that qualitative work in Australian IR desperately needs: a revived focus on explaining international relations, as well as understanding it, and a renewed engagement with other fields and other modes of studying the field.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {3},\n\turldate = {2024-08-09},\n\tjournal = {Australian Journal of Public Administration},\n\tauthor = {Hall, Ian},\n\tyear = {2014},\n\tnote = {\\_eprint: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/1467-8500.12084},\n\tkeywords = {international relations, interpretive theory, interpretivism},\n\tpages = {307--316},\n}\n\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  Australian International Relations (IR) was once a hybrid of American and European styles of political science, but today it is dominated by a British-inspired post-positivism which has its virtues – and its vices – and which utilises various interpretive and semi-interpretive approaches. This paper welcomes the ‘interpretive turn’ in Australian IR, but recognises its weaknesses, and argues that, to overcome them, interpretivists must be clear about what interpretivism should and should not entail. It argues that a thoroughgoing interpretivism offers two things that qualitative work in Australian IR desperately needs: a revived focus on explaining international relations, as well as understanding it, and a renewed engagement with other fields and other modes of studying the field.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"aradau-huysmans-criticalmethodsininternationalrelationsthepoliticsoftechniquesdevicesandacts-2014\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1177/1354066112474479\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'aradau-huysmans-criticalmethodsininternationalrelationsthepoliticsoftechniquesdevicesandacts-2014', 'https://doi.org/10.1177/1354066112474479', event);\">\n    Critical methods in International Relations: The politics of techniques, devices and acts.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Aradau, C.;  and Huysmans, J.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  <i>European Journal of International Relations</i>, 20(3): 596–619. September 2014.\n  <span class=\"note\">Publisher: SAGE Publications Ltd</span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1177/1354066112474479\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('aradau-huysmans-criticalmethodsininternationalrelationsthepoliticsoftechniquesdevicesandacts-2014', 'https://doi.org/10.1177/1354066112474479', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"Critical methods in International Relations: The politics of techniques, devices and acts [link]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.org/10.1177/1354066112474479\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('aradau-huysmans-criticalmethodsininternationalrelationsthepoliticsoftechniquesdevicesandacts-2014', 'http://doi.org/10.1177/1354066112474479', event.ctrlKey)\"\n     class=\"bibbase doi link\">\n    <span>doi</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/aradau-huysmans-criticalmethodsininternationalrelationsthepoliticsoftechniquesdevicesandacts-2014\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('aradau-huysmans-criticalmethodsininternationalrelationsthepoliticsoftechniquesdevicesandacts-2014')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@article{aradau_critical_2014,\n\ttitle = {Critical methods in {International} {Relations}: {The} politics of techniques, devices and acts},\n\tvolume = {20},\n\tissn = {1354-0661},\n\tshorttitle = {Critical methods in {International} {Relations}},\n\turl = {https://doi.org/10.1177/1354066112474479},\n\tdoi = {10.1177/1354066112474479},\n\tabstract = {Methods have increasingly been placed at the heart of theoretical and empirical research in International Relations (IR) and social sciences more generally. This article explores the role of methods in IR and argues that methods can be part of a critical project if reconceptualized away from neutral techniques of organizing empirical material and research design. It proposes a two-pronged reconceptualization of critical methods as devices which enact worlds and acts which disrupt particular worlds. Developing this conceptualization allows us to foreground questions of knowledge and politics as stakes of method and methodology rather than exclusively of ontology, epistemology or theory. It also allows us to move away from the dominance of scientificity (and its weaker versions of systematicity and rigour) to understand methods as less pure, less formal, messier and more experimental, carrying substantive political visions.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {3},\n\turldate = {2024-08-09},\n\tjournal = {European Journal of International Relations},\n\tauthor = {Aradau, Claudia and Huysmans, Jef},\n\tmonth = sep,\n\tyear = {2014},\n\tnote = {Publisher: SAGE Publications Ltd},\n\tpages = {596--619},\n}\n\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  Methods have increasingly been placed at the heart of theoretical and empirical research in International Relations (IR) and social sciences more generally. This article explores the role of methods in IR and argues that methods can be part of a critical project if reconceptualized away from neutral techniques of organizing empirical material and research design. It proposes a two-pronged reconceptualization of critical methods as devices which enact worlds and acts which disrupt particular worlds. Developing this conceptualization allows us to foreground questions of knowledge and politics as stakes of method and methodology rather than exclusively of ontology, epistemology or theory. It also allows us to move away from the dominance of scientificity (and its weaker versions of systematicity and rigour) to understand methods as less pure, less formal, messier and more experimental, carrying substantive political visions.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"brown-sistersinthestatehouseblackwomenandlegislativedecisionmaking-2014\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"https://academic.oup.com/book/2024\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'brown-sistersinthestatehouseblackwomenandlegislativedecisionmaking-2014', 'https://academic.oup.com/book/2024', event);\">\n    Sisters in the Statehouse: Black Women and Legislative Decision Making.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Brown, N. E.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  Oxford University Press,  2014.\n  <span class=\"note\">Google-Books-ID: 9M7QAgAAQBAJ</span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"https://academic.oup.com/book/2024\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('brown-sistersinthestatehouseblackwomenandlegislativedecisionmaking-2014', 'https://academic.oup.com/book/2024', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"Sisters in the Statehouse: Black Women and Legislative Decision Making [link]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/brown-sistersinthestatehouseblackwomenandlegislativedecisionmaking-2014\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('brown-sistersinthestatehouseblackwomenandlegislativedecisionmaking-2014')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@book{brown_sisters_2014,\n\ttitle = {Sisters in the {Statehouse}: {Black} {Women} and {Legislative} {Decision} {Making}},\n\tisbn = {978-0-19-935243-2},\n\tshorttitle = {Sisters in the {Statehouse}},\n\turl = {https://academic.oup.com/book/2024},\n\tabstract = {Theories of descriptive representation among female legislators consistently document the ways in which women are marginalized in office. However, they tend to treat identity as constant over time and context and so fail to account for the substantive work of legislators. Sisters in the Statehouse looks at the situation from a different angle, taking an in-depth look at African American female state legislators to examine the impact of race and gender on Black women&#x27;s political experiences, policy preferences, and legislative influence. Brown links personal narratives to the political behavior of her interview subjects to understand how their experiences with racism and sexism have influenced their legislative decision-making and policy preferences. As such, this is the first study that empirically examines how difference is recognized and put into practice among Black women legislators. Brown demonstrates that identity influences political decision making in ways that distinguish the work of Black women from that of other state legislators. Sisters in the Statehouse is a groundbreaking inquiry into how an intersectional approach can enhance our understanding of political representation.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tpublisher = {Oxford University Press},\n\tauthor = {Brown, Nadia E.},\n\tyear = {2014},\n\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: 9M7QAgAAQBAJ},\n\tkeywords = {POLITICAL SCIENCE / Political Process / General, POLITICAL SCIENCE / Public Affairs \\&amp; Administration, Political Science / Comparative Politics, Political Science / General, Political Science / Women in Politics, Social Science / Discrimination, Social Science / Ethnic Studies / American / African American \\&amp; Black Studies, Social Science / Women&#x27;s Studies},\n}\n\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  Theories of descriptive representation among female legislators consistently document the ways in which women are marginalized in office. However, they tend to treat identity as constant over time and context and so fail to account for the substantive work of legislators. Sisters in the Statehouse looks at the situation from a different angle, taking an in-depth look at African American female state legislators to examine the impact of race and gender on Black women's political experiences, policy preferences, and legislative influence. Brown links personal narratives to the political behavior of her interview subjects to understand how their experiences with racism and sexism have influenced their legislative decision-making and policy preferences. As such, this is the first study that empirically examines how difference is recognized and put into practice among Black women legislators. Brown demonstrates that identity influences political decision making in ways that distinguish the work of Black women from that of other state legislators. Sisters in the Statehouse is a groundbreaking inquiry into how an intersectional approach can enhance our understanding of political representation.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n\n\n\n    </div>\n  </div>\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_group_whole\" id=\"group_2013\">\n    <div class=\"bibbase_group\"\n      onclick=\"toggleGroup('group_2013')\"\n      onkeypress=\"toggleGroup('group_2013')\"\n      tabindex=\"0\">\n      <i class=\"fa fa-angle-down bibbase_group_head_icon\"></i>&nbsp;\n      <span>2013</span>\n      <span class=\"bibbase_group_count\">\n        \n        (18)\n        \n      </span>\n    </div>\n    <div class=\"bibbase_group_body\">\n      \n  \n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"amar-thesecurityarchipelagohumansecuritystatessexualitypoliticsandtheendofneoliberalism-2013\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"http://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctv125jkg1\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'amar-thesecurityarchipelagohumansecuritystatessexualitypoliticsandtheendofneoliberalism-2013', 'http://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctv125jkg1', event);\">\n    The Security Archipelago: Human-Security States, Sexuality Politics, and the End of Neoliberalism.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Amar, P.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  Duke University Press,  2013.\n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctv125jkg1\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('amar-thesecurityarchipelagohumansecuritystatessexualitypoliticsandtheendofneoliberalism-2013', 'http://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctv125jkg1', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"The Security Archipelago: Human-Security States, Sexuality Politics, and the End of Neoliberalism [link]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv125jkg1\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('amar-thesecurityarchipelagohumansecuritystatessexualitypoliticsandtheendofneoliberalism-2013', 'http://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv125jkg1', event.ctrlKey)\"\n     class=\"bibbase doi link\">\n    <span>doi</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/amar-thesecurityarchipelagohumansecuritystatessexualitypoliticsandtheendofneoliberalism-2013\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('amar-thesecurityarchipelagohumansecuritystatessexualitypoliticsandtheendofneoliberalism-2013')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@book{amar_security_2013,\n\ttitle = {The {Security} {Archipelago}: {Human}-{Security} {States}, {Sexuality} {Politics}, and the {End} of {Neoliberalism}},\n\tisbn = {978-0-8223-5384-3},\n\turl = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctv125jkg1},\n\tabstract = {In The Security Archipelago, Paul Amar provides an alternative historical and theoretical framing of the refashioning of free-market states and the rise of humanitarian security regimes in the Global South by examining the pivotal, trendsetting cases of Brazil and Egypt. Addressing gaps in the study of neoliberalism and biopolitics, Amar describes how coercive security operations and cultural rescue campaigns confronting waves of resistance have appropriated progressive, antimarket discourses around morality, sexuality, and labor. The products of these struggles-including powerful new police practices, religious politics, sexuality identifications, and gender normativities-have traveled across an archipelago, a metaphorical island chain of what the global security industry calls &quot;hot spots.&quot; Homing in on Cairo and Rio de Janeiro, Amar reveals the innovative resistances and unexpected alliances that have coalesced in new polities emerging from the Arab Spring and South America&#x27;s Pink Tide. These have generated a shared modern governance model that he terms the &quot;human-security state.&quot;},\n\turldate = {2024-08-14},\n\tpublisher = {Duke University Press},\n\tauthor = {Amar, Paul},\n\tyear = {2013},\n\tdoi = {10.2307/j.ctv125jkg1},\n}\n\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  In The Security Archipelago, Paul Amar provides an alternative historical and theoretical framing of the refashioning of free-market states and the rise of humanitarian security regimes in the Global South by examining the pivotal, trendsetting cases of Brazil and Egypt. Addressing gaps in the study of neoliberalism and biopolitics, Amar describes how coercive security operations and cultural rescue campaigns confronting waves of resistance have appropriated progressive, antimarket discourses around morality, sexuality, and labor. The products of these struggles-including powerful new police practices, religious politics, sexuality identifications, and gender normativities-have traveled across an archipelago, a metaphorical island chain of what the global security industry calls \"hot spots.\" Homing in on Cairo and Rio de Janeiro, Amar reveals the innovative resistances and unexpected alliances that have coalesced in new polities emerging from the Arab Spring and South America's Pink Tide. These have generated a shared modern governance model that he terms the \"human-security state.\"\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"edelman-politicallanguagewordsthatsucceedandpoliciesthatfail-2013\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  Political Language: Words That Succeed and Policies That Fail.\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Edelman, M.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  Elsevier Science, United States, September 2013.\n  <span class=\"note\">Google-Books-ID: NyCLBQAAQBAJ</span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/edelman-politicallanguagewordsthatsucceedandpoliciesthatfail-2013\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('edelman-politicallanguagewordsthatsucceedandpoliciesthatfail-2013')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@book{edelman_political_2013,\n\taddress = {United States},\n\ttitle = {Political {Language}: {Words} {That} {Succeed} and {Policies} {That} {Fail}},\n\tisbn = {978-1-4832-6980-1},\n\tshorttitle = {Political {Language}},\n\tabstract = {Political Language: Words That Succeed and Policies That Fail deals with chronic inequalities of a smaller portion of the population getting more. The book discusses the persistence of poverty and greater inequalities in a democratic society such as the United States. The text reviews the chronic problems and the various beliefs found in American society, and also notes the general acceptance of the large differences in the quality of life of the people, which includes political power and autonomy. The book then defines perception of the political spectator and explains the linguistic generation of assumptions (taking for granted), linguistic reconstruction of facts (cover-ups), and the linguistic segmentation of politics (distinct from ordinary world). The text then emphasizes the language of inquiry, of authority, of participation, and of resistance as leading to free inquiry and experimentation or political loyalty. The selection can prove beneficial for political students, economists, educators, sociologists, and members of ministerial affairs related to population and economics.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tpublisher = {Elsevier Science},\n\tauthor = {Edelman, Murray},\n\tmonth = sep,\n\tyear = {2013},\n\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: NyCLBQAAQBAJ},\n\tkeywords = {Political Science / American Government / General, Political Science / American Government / National, Political Science / Essays, Political Science / Reference, Social Science / Anthropology / General},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  Political Language: Words That Succeed and Policies That Fail deals with chronic inequalities of a smaller portion of the population getting more. The book discusses the persistence of poverty and greater inequalities in a democratic society such as the United States. The text reviews the chronic problems and the various beliefs found in American society, and also notes the general acceptance of the large differences in the quality of life of the people, which includes political power and autonomy. The book then defines perception of the political spectator and explains the linguistic generation of assumptions (taking for granted), linguistic reconstruction of facts (cover-ups), and the linguistic segmentation of politics (distinct from ordinary world). The text then emphasizes the language of inquiry, of authority, of participation, and of resistance as leading to free inquiry and experimentation or political loyalty. The selection can prove beneficial for political students, economists, educators, sociologists, and members of ministerial affairs related to population and economics.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"edelman-politicsassymbolicactionmassarousalandquiescence-2013\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  Politics as Symbolic Action: Mass Arousal and Quiescence.\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Edelman, M.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  Elsevier Science, September 2013.\n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/edelman-politicsassymbolicactionmassarousalandquiescence-2013\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('edelman-politicsassymbolicactionmassarousalandquiescence-2013')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@book{edelman_politics_2013,\n\ttitle = {Politics as {Symbolic} {Action}: {Mass} {Arousal} and {Quiescence}},\n\tisbn = {978-1-4832-6990-0},\n\tshorttitle = {Politics as {Symbolic} {Action}},\n\tabstract = {Politics as Symbolic Action: Mass Arousal and Quiescence deals with the dynamics of development of political threats related to political behavior. The book discusses the conditions under which the dynamics related to political behavior are the prior causes of political arousal, violence, and quiescence. The text examines the influence of governmental activity on people&#x27;s beliefs and perceptions—how non-empirical cognitions become the resistant basis of change. The text also examines how the individual phenomenon and the group phenomenon become linked through symbol formation and myths. The book discusses emotion as a catalyst of political ritual and political violence as inferred from Theodore Sarbin&#x27;s role theory. The use of metaphors, language forms, and mass tensions can all be social-psychological and political processes that can lead to political arousal or quiescence. The book also explains major violent disturbances as having patterns reflective of organization, disorganization, or by leadership example; the book notes the popular notion that the organization or the leader&#x27;s direction starts or worsens the violence as very simplistic. The book then proposes that political perceptions and beliefs are changeable and that phenomenological perceptions of specific groups of people can identify which political behavior are systematic. The text is suitable for political analysts, political scientists, sociologists, and educators involved in group psychology and analyses.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tpublisher = {Elsevier Science},\n\tauthor = {Edelman, Murray},\n\tmonth = sep,\n\tyear = {2013},\n\tkeywords = {Social Science / Anthropology / General, Social Science / Regional Studies, Social Science / Sociology / General},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  Politics as Symbolic Action: Mass Arousal and Quiescence deals with the dynamics of development of political threats related to political behavior. The book discusses the conditions under which the dynamics related to political behavior are the prior causes of political arousal, violence, and quiescence. The text examines the influence of governmental activity on people's beliefs and perceptions—how non-empirical cognitions become the resistant basis of change. The text also examines how the individual phenomenon and the group phenomenon become linked through symbol formation and myths. The book discusses emotion as a catalyst of political ritual and political violence as inferred from Theodore Sarbin's role theory. The use of metaphors, language forms, and mass tensions can all be social-psychological and political processes that can lead to political arousal or quiescence. The book also explains major violent disturbances as having patterns reflective of organization, disorganization, or by leadership example; the book notes the popular notion that the organization or the leader's direction starts or worsens the violence as very simplistic. The book then proposes that political perceptions and beliefs are changeable and that phenomenological perceptions of specific groups of people can identify which political behavior are systematic. The text is suitable for political analysts, political scientists, sociologists, and educators involved in group psychology and analyses.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"thomson-whisperingtruthtopowereverydayresistancetoreconciliationinpostgenociderwanda-2013\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  Whispering Truth to Power: Everyday Resistance to Reconciliation in Postgenocide Rwanda.\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Thomson, S.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  University of Wisconsin Pres, Madison, WI, November 2013.\n  <span class=\"note\">Google-Books-ID: RfTPAQAAQBAJ</span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/thomson-whisperingtruthtopowereverydayresistancetoreconciliationinpostgenociderwanda-2013\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('thomson-whisperingtruthtopowereverydayresistancetoreconciliationinpostgenociderwanda-2013')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@book{thomson_whispering_2013,\n\taddress = {Madison, WI},\n\ttitle = {Whispering {Truth} to {Power}: {Everyday} {Resistance} to {Reconciliation} in {Postgenocide} {Rwanda}},\n\tisbn = {978-0-299-29673-5},\n\tshorttitle = {Whispering {Truth} to {Power}},\n\tabstract = {For 100 days in 1994, genocide engulfed Rwanda. Since then, many in the international community have praised the country&#x27;s postgenocide government for its efforts to foster national unity and reconciliation by downplaying ethnic differences and promoting &quot;one Rwanda for all Rwandans.&quot; Examining how ordinary rural Rwandans experience and view these policies, Whispering Truth to Power challenges the conventional wisdom on postgenocide Rwanda. Susan Thomson finds that many of Rwanda&#x27;s poorest citizens distrust the local officials charged with implementing the state program and believe that it ignores the deepest problems of the countryside: lack of land, jobs, and a voice in policies that affect lives and livelihoods. Based on interviews with dozens of Rwandan peasants and government officials, this book reveals how the nation&#x27;s disenfranchised poor have been engaging in everyday resistance, cautiously and carefully—&quot;whispering&quot; their truth to the powers that be. This quiet opposition, Thomson argues, suggests that some of the nation&#x27;s most celebrated postgenocide policies have failed to garner the grassroots support needed to sustain peace.  “Reveals the lengths [to which] the current government has gone to restructure all spaces of Rwandan society, and how Rwandans continue to resist this state interference in their everyday lives.”—Ethnic and Racial Studies  “Thomson’s elegant research is praiseworthy and her arguments are forthright. . . . This important publication will be of great value to scholars of Rwanda and genocide as well as students of reconciliation politics and transitional justice.”—Human Rights Quarterly  “Sobering and disturbing. . . . The peasant peoples’ resistance to official policies of national unity and reconciliation emerged because these national schemes do not reflect the peasants’ own lived realities and experiences of state power, genocide, and day-to-day living within their communities. Instead, these official policies disrupt everyday life and endanger existing networks of mutual support and dependence.”—Canadian Journal of Development Studies  Outstanding Academic Title, Choice Magazine},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tpublisher = {University of Wisconsin Pres},\n\tauthor = {Thomson, Susan},\n\tmonth = nov,\n\tyear = {2013},\n\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: RfTPAQAAQBAJ},\n\tkeywords = {History / Africa / East, Political Science / General, Political Science / History \\&amp; Theory, Political Science / Human Rights, Political Science / World / African, Social Science / Sociology / General, Social Science / Violence in Society},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  For 100 days in 1994, genocide engulfed Rwanda. Since then, many in the international community have praised the country's postgenocide government for its efforts to foster national unity and reconciliation by downplaying ethnic differences and promoting \"one Rwanda for all Rwandans.\" Examining how ordinary rural Rwandans experience and view these policies, Whispering Truth to Power challenges the conventional wisdom on postgenocide Rwanda. Susan Thomson finds that many of Rwanda's poorest citizens distrust the local officials charged with implementing the state program and believe that it ignores the deepest problems of the countryside: lack of land, jobs, and a voice in policies that affect lives and livelihoods. Based on interviews with dozens of Rwandan peasants and government officials, this book reveals how the nation's disenfranchised poor have been engaging in everyday resistance, cautiously and carefully—\"whispering\" their truth to the powers that be. This quiet opposition, Thomson argues, suggests that some of the nation's most celebrated postgenocide policies have failed to garner the grassroots support needed to sustain peace. “Reveals the lengths [to which] the current government has gone to restructure all spaces of Rwandan society, and how Rwandans continue to resist this state interference in their everyday lives.”—Ethnic and Racial Studies “Thomson’s elegant research is praiseworthy and her arguments are forthright. . . . This important publication will be of great value to scholars of Rwanda and genocide as well as students of reconciliation politics and transitional justice.”—Human Rights Quarterly “Sobering and disturbing. . . . The peasant peoples’ resistance to official policies of national unity and reconciliation emerged because these national schemes do not reflect the peasants’ own lived realities and experiences of state power, genocide, and day-to-day living within their communities. Instead, these official policies disrupt everyday life and endanger existing networks of mutual support and dependence.”—Canadian Journal of Development Studies Outstanding Academic Title, Choice Magazine\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"saarikoski-raitio-barry-understandingsuccessfulconflictresolutionpolicyregimechangesandnewinteractivearenasinthegreatbearrainforest-2013\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0264837712002074\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'saarikoski-raitio-barry-understandingsuccessfulconflictresolutionpolicyregimechangesandnewinteractivearenasinthegreatbearrainforest-2013', 'https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0264837712002074', event);\">\n    Understanding ‘successful’ conflict resolution: Policy regime changes and new interactive arenas in the Great Bear Rainforest.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Saarikoski, H.; Raitio, K.;  and Barry, J.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  <i>Land Use Policy</i>, 32: 271–280. May 2013.\n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0264837712002074\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('saarikoski-raitio-barry-understandingsuccessfulconflictresolutionpolicyregimechangesandnewinteractivearenasinthegreatbearrainforest-2013', 'https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0264837712002074', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"Understanding ‘successful’ conflict resolution: Policy regime changes and new interactive arenas in the Great Bear Rainforest [link]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2012.10.019\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('saarikoski-raitio-barry-understandingsuccessfulconflictresolutionpolicyregimechangesandnewinteractivearenasinthegreatbearrainforest-2013', 'http://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2012.10.019', event.ctrlKey)\"\n     class=\"bibbase doi link\">\n    <span>doi</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/saarikoski-raitio-barry-understandingsuccessfulconflictresolutionpolicyregimechangesandnewinteractivearenasinthegreatbearrainforest-2013\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('saarikoski-raitio-barry-understandingsuccessfulconflictresolutionpolicyregimechangesandnewinteractivearenasinthegreatbearrainforest-2013')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@article{saarikoski_understanding_2013,\n\ttitle = {Understanding ‘successful’ conflict resolution: {Policy} regime changes and new interactive arenas in the {Great} {Bear} {Rainforest}},\n\tvolume = {32},\n\tissn = {0264-8377},\n\tshorttitle = {Understanding ‘successful’ conflict resolution},\n\turl = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0264837712002074},\n\tdoi = {10.1016/j.landusepol.2012.10.019},\n\tabstract = {The paper seeks to shed new light on both the dynamics and possibilities for resolving complex land use conflicts by examining the development of the Great Bear Rainforest (GBR) Agreement in British Columbia, Canada. This agreement signalled a major policy change in the region by increasing the protection of old growth forests from 9\\% to 33\\% of the total planning area and by promoting more environmentally friendly logging practices though the establishment of ecosystem-based management. It also gave rise to new land use planning relationships between the Province and First Nations. Our analysis shows that ‘success’ in reaching agreement in land use conflicts can be better understood when political science&#x27;s work on policy regimes and their background conditions is combined with planning theory&#x27;s work on deliberative processes. We suggest that collaborative planning theory can complement the policy regime approach by highlighting how process design and the interactions that occur within policy arenas provide the physical and organisational spaces for dialogue, collaboration and policy change. The policy regime approach, on the other hand, helps draws attention to the dynamics of policy processes and consequent changes in governance relations that motivate actors to work together, instead of against each other.},\n\turldate = {2024-08-12},\n\tjournal = {Land Use Policy},\n\tauthor = {Saarikoski, Heli and Raitio, Kaisa and Barry, Janice},\n\tmonth = may,\n\tyear = {2013},\n\tkeywords = {Collaborative environmental management, Deliberative planning, Environmental governance, Forest policy, Land use conflicts, Policy regime approach},\n\tpages = {271--280},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  The paper seeks to shed new light on both the dynamics and possibilities for resolving complex land use conflicts by examining the development of the Great Bear Rainforest (GBR) Agreement in British Columbia, Canada. This agreement signalled a major policy change in the region by increasing the protection of old growth forests from 9% to 33% of the total planning area and by promoting more environmentally friendly logging practices though the establishment of ecosystem-based management. It also gave rise to new land use planning relationships between the Province and First Nations. Our analysis shows that ‘success’ in reaching agreement in land use conflicts can be better understood when political science's work on policy regimes and their background conditions is combined with planning theory's work on deliberative processes. We suggest that collaborative planning theory can complement the policy regime approach by highlighting how process design and the interactions that occur within policy arenas provide the physical and organisational spaces for dialogue, collaboration and policy change. The policy regime approach, on the other hand, helps draws attention to the dynamics of policy processes and consequent changes in governance relations that motivate actors to work together, instead of against each other.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"picard-siltanen-exploringthesignificanceofemotionformediationpractice-2013\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/crq.21078\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'picard-siltanen-exploringthesignificanceofemotionformediationpractice-2013', 'https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/crq.21078', event);\">\n    Exploring the Significance of Emotion for Mediation Practice.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Picard, C.;  and Siltanen, J.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  <i>Conflict Resolution Quarterly</i>, 31(1): 31–55.  2013.\n  <span class=\"note\">_eprint: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/crq.21078</span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/crq.21078\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('picard-siltanen-exploringthesignificanceofemotionformediationpractice-2013', 'https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/crq.21078', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"Exploring the Significance of Emotion for Mediation Practice [link]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.org/10.1002/crq.21078\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('picard-siltanen-exploringthesignificanceofemotionformediationpractice-2013', 'http://doi.org/10.1002/crq.21078', event.ctrlKey)\"\n     class=\"bibbase doi link\">\n    <span>doi</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/picard-siltanen-exploringthesignificanceofemotionformediationpractice-2013\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('picard-siltanen-exploringthesignificanceofemotionformediationpractice-2013')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@article{picard_exploring_2013,\n\ttitle = {Exploring the {Significance} of {Emotion} for {Mediation} {Practice}},\n\tvolume = {31},\n\tcopyright = {© Wiley Periodicals, Inc., and the Association for Conflict Resolution},\n\tissn = {1541-1508},\n\turl = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/crq.21078},\n\tdoi = {10.1002/crq.21078},\n\tabstract = {The authors report on their exploratory study examining the learning process embedded in mediation. Their research procedures involved directed reflexive journaling followed by group discussions to generate insights into how mediation practitioners experience learning in mediation. The significance and role of emotion emerged as central to the dynamic of this learning process. The research indicates that the experience of positive and negative emotions attached to learning needs to be allowed and attended to within the mediation dynamic. This suggests that mediation practitioners need the competence to follow and understand their own learning-attached emotions as well as those of the parties.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {1},\n\turldate = {2024-08-12},\n\tjournal = {Conflict Resolution Quarterly},\n\tauthor = {Picard, Cheryl and Siltanen, Janet},\n\tyear = {2013},\n\tnote = {\\_eprint: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/crq.21078},\n\tpages = {31--55},\n}\n\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  The authors report on their exploratory study examining the learning process embedded in mediation. Their research procedures involved directed reflexive journaling followed by group discussions to generate insights into how mediation practitioners experience learning in mediation. The significance and role of emotion emerged as central to the dynamic of this learning process. The research indicates that the experience of positive and negative emotions attached to learning needs to be allowed and attended to within the mediation dynamic. This suggests that mediation practitioners need the competence to follow and understand their own learning-attached emotions as well as those of the parties.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"mah-thang-cultivatingfoodconnectionsthetorontofoodstrategyandmunicipaldeliberationonfood-2013\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1080/13563475.2013.750941\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'mah-thang-cultivatingfoodconnectionsthetorontofoodstrategyandmunicipaldeliberationonfood-2013', 'https://doi.org/10.1080/13563475.2013.750941', event);\">\n    Cultivating Food Connections: The Toronto Food Strategy and Municipal Deliberation on Food.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Mah, C. L.;  and Thang, H.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  <i>International Planning Studies</i>, 18(1): 96–110. February 2013.\n  <span class=\"note\">Publisher: Routledge _eprint: https://doi.org/10.1080/13563475.2013.750941</span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1080/13563475.2013.750941\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('mah-thang-cultivatingfoodconnectionsthetorontofoodstrategyandmunicipaldeliberationonfood-2013', 'https://doi.org/10.1080/13563475.2013.750941', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"Cultivating Food Connections: The Toronto Food Strategy and Municipal Deliberation on Food [link]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.org/10.1080/13563475.2013.750941\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('mah-thang-cultivatingfoodconnectionsthetorontofoodstrategyandmunicipaldeliberationonfood-2013', 'http://doi.org/10.1080/13563475.2013.750941', event.ctrlKey)\"\n     class=\"bibbase doi link\">\n    <span>doi</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/mah-thang-cultivatingfoodconnectionsthetorontofoodstrategyandmunicipaldeliberationonfood-2013\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('mah-thang-cultivatingfoodconnectionsthetorontofoodstrategyandmunicipaldeliberationonfood-2013')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@article{mah_cultivating_2013,\n\ttitle = {Cultivating {Food} {Connections}: {The} {Toronto} {Food} {Strategy} and {Municipal} {Deliberation} on {Food}},\n\tvolume = {18},\n\tissn = {1356-3475},\n\tshorttitle = {Cultivating {Food} {Connections}},\n\turl = {https://doi.org/10.1080/13563475.2013.750941},\n\tdoi = {10.1080/13563475.2013.750941},\n\tabstract = {This paper shares an exploratory case study of the development of the Toronto Food Strategy as an urban food strategy, through the lens of public health. It asks: what is a food strategy and how does it work? We will answer these questions through an analysis and discussion of the Food Strategy development process and attention to three key mechanisms: (1) framing or directing attention to the diverse policy instruments that deal with food, (2) brokering working relationships between diverse stakeholders and across existing governance arrangements, and (3) leveraging existing resources. We also distinguish the work of the Food Strategy from the role of food policy councils in how they cultivate deliberative spaces to catalyse policy change.},\n\tnumber = {1},\n\turldate = {2024-08-12},\n\tjournal = {International Planning Studies},\n\tauthor = {Mah, Catherine L. and Thang, Helen},\n\tmonth = feb,\n\tyear = {2013},\n\tnote = {Publisher: Routledge\n\\_eprint: https://doi.org/10.1080/13563475.2013.750941},\n\tpages = {96--110},\n}\n\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  This paper shares an exploratory case study of the development of the Toronto Food Strategy as an urban food strategy, through the lens of public health. It asks: what is a food strategy and how does it work? We will answer these questions through an analysis and discussion of the Food Strategy development process and attention to three key mechanisms: (1) framing or directing attention to the diverse policy instruments that deal with food, (2) brokering working relationships between diverse stakeholders and across existing governance arrangements, and (3) leveraging existing resources. We also distinguish the work of the Food Strategy from the role of food policy councils in how they cultivate deliberative spaces to catalyse policy change.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"lems-aarts-vanwoerkum-whenpolicyhitsthegroundanempiricalstudyofthecommunicationpracticesofprojectmanagersofawaterboardinconversationsforcollaborativegovernance-2013\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/eet.1618\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'lems-aarts-vanwoerkum-whenpolicyhitsthegroundanempiricalstudyofthecommunicationpracticesofprojectmanagersofawaterboardinconversationsforcollaborativegovernance-2013', 'https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/eet.1618', event);\">\n    When Policy Hits the Ground. An Empirical Study of the Communication Practices of Project Managers of a Water Board in Conversations for Collaborative Governance.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Lems, P.; Aarts, N.;  and van Woerkum, C. M. J.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  <i>Environmental Policy and Governance</i>, 23(4): 234–246.  2013.\n  <span class=\"note\">_eprint: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/eet.1618</span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/eet.1618\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('lems-aarts-vanwoerkum-whenpolicyhitsthegroundanempiricalstudyofthecommunicationpracticesofprojectmanagersofawaterboardinconversationsforcollaborativegovernance-2013', 'https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/eet.1618', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"When Policy Hits the Ground. An Empirical Study of the Communication Practices of Project Managers of a Water Board in Conversations for Collaborative Governance [link]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.org/10.1002/eet.1618\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('lems-aarts-vanwoerkum-whenpolicyhitsthegroundanempiricalstudyofthecommunicationpracticesofprojectmanagersofawaterboardinconversationsforcollaborativegovernance-2013', 'http://doi.org/10.1002/eet.1618', event.ctrlKey)\"\n     class=\"bibbase doi link\">\n    <span>doi</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/lems-aarts-vanwoerkum-whenpolicyhitsthegroundanempiricalstudyofthecommunicationpracticesofprojectmanagersofawaterboardinconversationsforcollaborativegovernance-2013\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('lems-aarts-vanwoerkum-whenpolicyhitsthegroundanempiricalstudyofthecommunicationpracticesofprojectmanagersofawaterboardinconversationsforcollaborativegovernance-2013')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@article{lems_when_2013,\n\ttitle = {When {Policy} {Hits} the {Ground}. {An} {Empirical} {Study} of the {Communication} {Practices} of {Project} {Managers} of a {Water} {Board} in {Conversations} for {Collaborative} {Governance}},\n\tvolume = {23},\n\tcopyright = {Copyright © 2013 John Wiley \\&amp; Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment},\n\tissn = {1756-9338},\n\turl = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/eet.1618},\n\tdoi = {10.1002/eet.1618},\n\tabstract = {Civil servants organize collaborations with private actors with the aim of developing policy outcomes that fit environmental policy frameworks, shaping the course and outcome of collaborations through their communication practices. To investigate these practices and their effect, we conducted a case study, shadowing project managers from a Dutch water board. We identified two distinct communication practices: frame incorporation and frame amplification. These practices respectively expanded or narrowed a process of collaborative governance, either purposefully by building social capital or unintentionally by distancing the conversation partner and his concern. The structural difference between these practices suggests that civil servants lack shared practices that foster collaboration. Interestingly, in neither practice do the civil servants discursively acknowledge their dependence on their conversation partner&#x27;s support, and thus they deny that they are participating in a negotiation process: they claim that their conversation partner should cooperate. In effect, their conversation partners bypass the incorporation and amplification practices. The research suggests that, of the two practices identified, only incorporation builds the social capital that enables civil servants to switch to another approach in future interactions and start an integrative negotiation on problems and solutions. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley \\&amp; Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {4},\n\turldate = {2024-08-12},\n\tjournal = {Environmental Policy and Governance},\n\tauthor = {Lems, P. and Aarts, N. and van Woerkum, C. M. J.},\n\tyear = {2013},\n\tnote = {\\_eprint: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/eet.1618},\n\tkeywords = {collaborative governance, communication practice, framing, interaction strategies, public policy-making},\n\tpages = {234--246},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  Civil servants organize collaborations with private actors with the aim of developing policy outcomes that fit environmental policy frameworks, shaping the course and outcome of collaborations through their communication practices. To investigate these practices and their effect, we conducted a case study, shadowing project managers from a Dutch water board. We identified two distinct communication practices: frame incorporation and frame amplification. These practices respectively expanded or narrowed a process of collaborative governance, either purposefully by building social capital or unintentionally by distancing the conversation partner and his concern. The structural difference between these practices suggests that civil servants lack shared practices that foster collaboration. Interestingly, in neither practice do the civil servants discursively acknowledge their dependence on their conversation partner's support, and thus they deny that they are participating in a negotiation process: they claim that their conversation partner should cooperate. In effect, their conversation partners bypass the incorporation and amplification practices. The research suggests that, of the two practices identified, only incorporation builds the social capital that enables civil servants to switch to another approach in future interactions and start an integrative negotiation on problems and solutions. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"lejano-ingram-ingram-thepowerofnarrativeinenvironmentalnetworks-2013\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.7551/mitpress/9780262019378.001.0001\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'lejano-ingram-ingram-thepowerofnarrativeinenvironmentalnetworks-2013', 'https://doi.org/10.7551/mitpress/9780262019378.001.0001', event);\">\n    The Power of Narrative in Environmental Networks.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Lejano, R.; Ingram, M.;  and Ingram, H.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  The MIT Press, Cambridge, UK, August 2013.\n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.7551/mitpress/9780262019378.001.0001\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('lejano-ingram-ingram-thepowerofnarrativeinenvironmentalnetworks-2013', 'https://doi.org/10.7551/mitpress/9780262019378.001.0001', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"The Power of Narrative in Environmental Networks [link]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.org/10.7551/mitpress/9780262019378.001.0001\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('lejano-ingram-ingram-thepowerofnarrativeinenvironmentalnetworks-2013', 'http://doi.org/10.7551/mitpress/9780262019378.001.0001', event.ctrlKey)\"\n     class=\"bibbase doi link\">\n    <span>doi</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/lejano-ingram-ingram-thepowerofnarrativeinenvironmentalnetworks-2013\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('lejano-ingram-ingram-thepowerofnarrativeinenvironmentalnetworks-2013')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@book{lejano_power_2013,\n\taddress = {Cambridge, UK},\n\ttitle = {The {Power} of {Narrative} in {Environmental} {Networks}},\n\tisbn = {978-0-262-01937-8},\n\turl = {https://doi.org/10.7551/mitpress/9780262019378.001.0001},\n\tabstract = {For as long has humans have lived in communities, storytelling has bound people to each other and to their environments. In recent times, scholars have noted how social networks arise around issues of resource and ecological management. This book argues that stories, or narratives, play a key role in these networks—that environmental communities “narrate themselves into existence.” The book proposes the notion of the narrative-network, and introduces innovative tools to analyze the plots, characters, and events that inform environmental action. This analysis sheds light on how environmental networks can emerge in unlikely contexts and sustain themselves against great odds. The book presents three case studies that demonstrate the power of narrative and narratology in the analysis of environmental networks: a conservation network in the Sonoran Desert, which achieved some success despite U.S.–Mexico border issues; a narrative that bridged differences between community and scientists in the Turtle Islands; and networks of researchers and farmers who collaborated to develop and sustain alternative agriculture practice in the face of government inaction. These cases demonstrate that by paying attention to language and storytelling, we can improve our understanding of environmental behavior and even change it in positive ways.},\n\turldate = {2024-12-08},\n\tpublisher = {The MIT Press},\n\tauthor = {Lejano, Raul and Ingram, Mrill and Ingram, Helen},\n\tmonth = aug,\n\tyear = {2013},\n\tdoi = {10.7551/mitpress/9780262019378.001.0001},\n}\n\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  For as long has humans have lived in communities, storytelling has bound people to each other and to their environments. In recent times, scholars have noted how social networks arise around issues of resource and ecological management. This book argues that stories, or narratives, play a key role in these networks—that environmental communities “narrate themselves into existence.” The book proposes the notion of the narrative-network, and introduces innovative tools to analyze the plots, characters, and events that inform environmental action. This analysis sheds light on how environmental networks can emerge in unlikely contexts and sustain themselves against great odds. The book presents three case studies that demonstrate the power of narrative and narratology in the analysis of environmental networks: a conservation network in the Sonoran Desert, which achieved some success despite U.S.–Mexico border issues; a narrative that bridged differences between community and scientists in the Turtle Islands; and networks of researchers and farmers who collaborated to develop and sustain alternative agriculture practice in the face of government inaction. These cases demonstrate that by paying attention to language and storytelling, we can improve our understanding of environmental behavior and even change it in positive ways.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"fujii-thepuzzleofextralethalviolence-2013\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"https://www.jstor.org/stable/43280796\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'fujii-thepuzzleofextralethalviolence-2013', 'https://www.jstor.org/stable/43280796', event);\">\n    The Puzzle of Extra-Lethal Violence.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Fujii, L. A.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  <i>Perspectives on Politics</i>, 11(2): 410–426.  2013.\n  <span class=\"note\">Publisher: [American Political Science Association, Cambridge University Press]</span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"https://www.jstor.org/stable/43280796\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('fujii-thepuzzleofextralethalviolence-2013', 'https://www.jstor.org/stable/43280796', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"The Puzzle of Extra-Lethal Violence [link]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/fujii-thepuzzleofextralethalviolence-2013\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('fujii-thepuzzleofextralethalviolence-2013')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@article{fujii_puzzle_2013,\n\ttitle = {The {Puzzle} of {Extra}-{Lethal} {Violence}},\n\tvolume = {11},\n\tissn = {1537-5927},\n\turl = {https://www.jstor.org/stable/43280796},\n\tabstract = {This article proposes the concept &quot;extra-lethal violence&quot; to focus analytic attention on the acts of physical, face-to-face violence that transgress shared norms about the proper treatment of persons and bodies. Examples of extra-lethal violence include forcing victims to dance and sing before killing them, souvenir-taking and mutilation. The main puzzle of extra-lethal violence is why it occurs at all given the time and effort it takes to enact such brutalities and the potential repercussions perpetrators risk by doing so. Current approaches cannot account for this puzzle because extra-lethal violence seems to follow a different logic from strategic calculation. To investigate one alternative logic—the logic of display—the article proposes a performative analytic framework. A performative lens focuses attention on the process by which actors stage violence for graphic effect. It highlights the range of roles, participants, and activities that contribute to the production process as a whole. To demonstrate the value of a performative approach, the article applies this framework to three very different extra-lethal episodes: the massacre at My Lai during the Vietnam War, the rape and killing of two women during the Rwandan genocide, and a lynching that took place in rural Maryland. The article concludes by sketching a typology of performance processes and by considering the policy implications of this type of theorizing and knowledge.},\n\tnumber = {2},\n\turldate = {2024-08-11},\n\tjournal = {Perspectives on Politics},\n\tauthor = {Fujii, Lee Ann},\n\tyear = {2013},\n\tnote = {Publisher: [American Political Science Association, Cambridge University Press]},\n\tpages = {410--426},\n}\n\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  This article proposes the concept \"extra-lethal violence\" to focus analytic attention on the acts of physical, face-to-face violence that transgress shared norms about the proper treatment of persons and bodies. Examples of extra-lethal violence include forcing victims to dance and sing before killing them, souvenir-taking and mutilation. The main puzzle of extra-lethal violence is why it occurs at all given the time and effort it takes to enact such brutalities and the potential repercussions perpetrators risk by doing so. Current approaches cannot account for this puzzle because extra-lethal violence seems to follow a different logic from strategic calculation. To investigate one alternative logic—the logic of display—the article proposes a performative analytic framework. A performative lens focuses attention on the process by which actors stage violence for graphic effect. It highlights the range of roles, participants, and activities that contribute to the production process as a whole. To demonstrate the value of a performative approach, the article applies this framework to three very different extra-lethal episodes: the massacre at My Lai during the Vietnam War, the rape and killing of two women during the Rwandan genocide, and a lynching that took place in rural Maryland. The article concludes by sketching a typology of performance processes and by considering the policy implications of this type of theorizing and knowledge.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"corbett-shiftingsandsinterpretingdevelopmentalleadershipinthepacificislands-2013\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1080/08039410.2013.799097\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'corbett-shiftingsandsinterpretingdevelopmentalleadershipinthepacificislands-2013', 'https://doi.org/10.1080/08039410.2013.799097', event);\">\n    Shifting Sands: Interpreting ‘Developmental’ Leadership in the Pacific Islands.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Corbett, J.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  <i>Forum for Development Studies</i>, 40(3): 491–509. November 2013.\n  <span class=\"note\">Publisher: Routledge _eprint: https://doi.org/10.1080/08039410.2013.799097</span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1080/08039410.2013.799097\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('corbett-shiftingsandsinterpretingdevelopmentalleadershipinthepacificislands-2013', 'https://doi.org/10.1080/08039410.2013.799097', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"Shifting Sands: Interpreting ‘Developmental’ Leadership in the Pacific Islands [link]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.org/10.1080/08039410.2013.799097\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('corbett-shiftingsandsinterpretingdevelopmentalleadershipinthepacificislands-2013', 'http://doi.org/10.1080/08039410.2013.799097', event.ctrlKey)\"\n     class=\"bibbase doi link\">\n    <span>doi</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/corbett-shiftingsandsinterpretingdevelopmentalleadershipinthepacificislands-2013\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('corbett-shiftingsandsinterpretingdevelopmentalleadershipinthepacificislands-2013')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@article{corbett_shifting_2013,\n\ttitle = {Shifting {Sands}: {Interpreting} ‘{Developmental}’ {Leadership} in the {Pacific} {Islands}},\n\tvolume = {40},\n\tissn = {0803-9410},\n\tshorttitle = {Shifting {Sands}},\n\turl = {https://doi.org/10.1080/08039410.2013.799097},\n\tdoi = {10.1080/08039410.2013.799097},\n\tabstract = {The capacity for leadership, including political leadership, to improve development outcomes has attracted recent interest within development studies and associated donor agencies. This new approach is a welcome critique of the broadly institutionalist outlook of the good governance agenda; however, there is a mismatch between the desire to ‘bring the agency back in’ and the commitment of the Developmental Leadership Programme&#x27;s (DLP&#x27;s) to positivism, and, despite claims to the contrary, structuralism. Instead, I argue that interpretivism, with its emphasis on the meanings and beliefs of human actors, can augment this approach by providing a fundamentally different view of the agency question that sits at the heart of the DLP&#x27;s research programme. To illustrate this point, I draw from my own research into the life stories of politicians from the Pacific Islands. In contrast to the dead weight of multiple variables and formal laws, I find that political life is embedded within the distinctively human realm of interpersonal action and that while leaders implicitly believe in their own agency, they also commonly experience a sense of powerlessness that stems in no small part from the inherent contingency and uncertainty of all policy-making.},\n\tnumber = {3},\n\turldate = {2024-08-11},\n\tjournal = {Forum for Development Studies},\n\tauthor = {Corbett, Jack},\n\tmonth = nov,\n\tyear = {2013},\n\tnote = {Publisher: Routledge\n\\_eprint: https://doi.org/10.1080/08039410.2013.799097},\n\tkeywords = {Pacific Islands, developmental leadership, framing, interpretivism, mobilising metaphors, storylines},\n\tpages = {491--509},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  The capacity for leadership, including political leadership, to improve development outcomes has attracted recent interest within development studies and associated donor agencies. This new approach is a welcome critique of the broadly institutionalist outlook of the good governance agenda; however, there is a mismatch between the desire to ‘bring the agency back in’ and the commitment of the Developmental Leadership Programme's (DLP's) to positivism, and, despite claims to the contrary, structuralism. Instead, I argue that interpretivism, with its emphasis on the meanings and beliefs of human actors, can augment this approach by providing a fundamentally different view of the agency question that sits at the heart of the DLP's research programme. To illustrate this point, I draw from my own research into the life stories of politicians from the Pacific Islands. In contrast to the dead weight of multiple variables and formal laws, I find that political life is embedded within the distinctively human realm of interpersonal action and that while leaders implicitly believe in their own agency, they also commonly experience a sense of powerlessness that stems in no small part from the inherent contingency and uncertainty of all policy-making.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"bevir-daddow-hall-interpretingglobalsecurity-2013\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203713464\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'bevir-daddow-hall-interpretingglobalsecurity-2013', 'https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203713464', event);\">\n    Interpreting Global Security.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Bevir, M.; Daddow, O.;  and Hall, I.,\n  editors.\n  \n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  Routledge, London, UK, August 2013.\n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203713464\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('bevir-daddow-hall-interpretingglobalsecurity-2013', 'https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203713464', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"Interpreting Global Security [link]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.org/10.4324/9780203713464\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('bevir-daddow-hall-interpretingglobalsecurity-2013', 'http://doi.org/10.4324/9780203713464', event.ctrlKey)\"\n     class=\"bibbase doi link\">\n    <span>doi</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/bevir-daddow-hall-interpretingglobalsecurity-2013\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('bevir-daddow-hall-interpretingglobalsecurity-2013')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@book{bevir_interpreting_2013,\n\taddress = {London, UK},\n\ttitle = {Interpreting {Global} {Security}},\n\tisbn = {978-0-203-71346-4},\n\turl = {https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203713464},\n\tabstract = {This edited collection explores the fruitfulness of applying an interpretive approach to the study of global security. The interpretive approach concentrates on},\n\tpublisher = {Routledge},\n\teditor = {Bevir, Mark and Daddow, Oliver and Hall, Ian},\n\tmonth = aug,\n\tyear = {2013},\n\tdoi = {10.4324/9780203713464},\n}\n\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  This edited collection explores the fruitfulness of applying an interpretive approach to the study of global security. The interpretive approach concentrates on\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"bevir-daddow-hall-introductioninterpretingbritishforeignpolicy-2013\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-856X.2012.00537.x\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'bevir-daddow-hall-introductioninterpretingbritishforeignpolicy-2013', 'https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-856X.2012.00537.x', event);\">\n    Introduction: Interpreting British Foreign Policy.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Bevir, M.; Daddow, O.;  and Hall, I.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  <i>The British Journal of Politics and International Relations</i>, 15(2): 163–174. May 2013.\n  <span class=\"note\">Publisher: SAGE Publications</span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-856X.2012.00537.x\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('bevir-daddow-hall-introductioninterpretingbritishforeignpolicy-2013', 'https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-856X.2012.00537.x', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"Introduction: Interpreting British Foreign Policy [link]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-856X.2012.00537.x\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('bevir-daddow-hall-introductioninterpretingbritishforeignpolicy-2013', 'http://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-856X.2012.00537.x', event.ctrlKey)\"\n     class=\"bibbase doi link\">\n    <span>doi</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/bevir-daddow-hall-introductioninterpretingbritishforeignpolicy-2013\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('bevir-daddow-hall-introductioninterpretingbritishforeignpolicy-2013')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@article{bevir_introduction_2013,\n\ttitle = {Introduction: {Interpreting} {British} {Foreign} {Policy}},\n\tvolume = {15},\n\tissn = {1369-1481},\n\tshorttitle = {Introduction},\n\turl = {https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-856X.2012.00537.x},\n\tdoi = {10.1111/j.1467-856X.2012.00537.x},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {2},\n\turldate = {2024-08-09},\n\tjournal = {The British Journal of Politics and International Relations},\n\tauthor = {Bevir, Mark and Daddow, Oliver and Hall, Ian},\n\tmonth = may,\n\tyear = {2013},\n\tnote = {Publisher: SAGE Publications},\n\tpages = {163--174},\n}\n\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"schwartzshea-yanow-interpretiveresearchdesignconceptsandprocesses-2013\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"https://www.routledge.com/Interpretive-Research-Design-Concepts-and-Processes/Schwartz-Shea-Yanow/p/book/9780415878081\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'schwartzshea-yanow-interpretiveresearchdesignconceptsandprocesses-2013', 'https://www.routledge.com/Interpretive-Research-Design-Concepts-and-Processes/Schwartz-Shea-Yanow/p/book/9780415878081', event);\">\n    Interpretive Research Design: Concepts and Processes.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Schwartz-Shea, P.;  and Yanow, D.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  Routledge, June 2013.\n  <span class=\"note\">Google-Books-ID: QUopKZoq0GAC</span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"https://www.routledge.com/Interpretive-Research-Design-Concepts-and-Processes/Schwartz-Shea-Yanow/p/book/9780415878081\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('schwartzshea-yanow-interpretiveresearchdesignconceptsandprocesses-2013', 'https://www.routledge.com/Interpretive-Research-Design-Concepts-and-Processes/Schwartz-Shea-Yanow/p/book/9780415878081', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"Interpretive Research Design: Concepts and Processes [link]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/schwartzshea-yanow-interpretiveresearchdesignconceptsandprocesses-2013\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('schwartzshea-yanow-interpretiveresearchdesignconceptsandprocesses-2013')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@book{schwartz-shea_interpretive_2013,\n\ttitle = {Interpretive {Research} {Design}: {Concepts} and {Processes}},\n\tisbn = {978-1-136-99382-4},\n\tshorttitle = {Interpretive {Research} {Design}},\n\turl = {https://www.routledge.com/Interpretive-Research-Design-Concepts-and-Processes/Schwartz-Shea-Yanow/p/book/9780415878081},\n\tabstract = {Research design is fundamental to all scientific endeavors, at all levels and in all institutional settings. In many social science disciplines, however, scholars working in an interpretive-qualitative tradition get little guidance on this aspect of research from the positivist-centered training they receive. This book is an authoritative examination of the concepts and processes underlying the design of an interpretive research project. Such an approach to design starts with the recognition that researchers are inevitably embedded in the intersubjective social processes of the worlds they study.In focusing on researchers’ theoretical, ontological, epistemological, and methods choices in designing research projects, Schwartz-Shea and Yanow set the stage for other volumes in the Routledge Series on Interpretive Methods. They also engage some very practical issues, such as ethics reviews and the structure of research proposals. This concise guide explores where research questions come from, criteria for evaluating research designs, how interpretive researchers engage with &quot;world-making,&quot; context, systematicity and flexibility, reflexivity and positionality, and such contemporary issues as data archiving and the researcher’s body in the field.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tpublisher = {Routledge},\n\tauthor = {Schwartz-Shea, Peregrine and Yanow, Dvora},\n\tmonth = jun,\n\tyear = {2013},\n\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: QUopKZoq0GAC},\n\tkeywords = {Business \\&amp; Economics / Economics / General, Business \\&amp; Economics / General, Political Science / General, Reference / Research, Social Science / Anthropology / General, Social Science / Research, Social Science / Sociology / General, Social Science / Sociology / Urban},\n}\n\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  Research design is fundamental to all scientific endeavors, at all levels and in all institutional settings. In many social science disciplines, however, scholars working in an interpretive-qualitative tradition get little guidance on this aspect of research from the positivist-centered training they receive. This book is an authoritative examination of the concepts and processes underlying the design of an interpretive research project. Such an approach to design starts with the recognition that researchers are inevitably embedded in the intersubjective social processes of the worlds they study.In focusing on researchers’ theoretical, ontological, epistemological, and methods choices in designing research projects, Schwartz-Shea and Yanow set the stage for other volumes in the Routledge Series on Interpretive Methods. They also engage some very practical issues, such as ethics reviews and the structure of research proposals. This concise guide explores where research questions come from, criteria for evaluating research designs, how interpretive researchers engage with \"world-making,\" context, systematicity and flexibility, reflexivity and positionality, and such contemporary issues as data archiving and the researcher’s body in the field.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"lynch-interpretinginternationalpolitics-2013\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"https://www.routledge.com/Interpreting-International-Politics/Lynch/p/book/9780415896917\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'lynch-interpretinginternationalpolitics-2013', 'https://www.routledge.com/Interpreting-International-Politics/Lynch/p/book/9780415896917', event);\">\n    Interpreting International Politics.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Lynch, C.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  Routledge, New York, December 2013.\n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"https://www.routledge.com/Interpreting-International-Politics/Lynch/p/book/9780415896917\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('lynch-interpretinginternationalpolitics-2013', 'https://www.routledge.com/Interpreting-International-Politics/Lynch/p/book/9780415896917', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"Interpreting International Politics [link]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.org/10.4324/9780203801086\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('lynch-interpretinginternationalpolitics-2013', 'http://doi.org/10.4324/9780203801086', event.ctrlKey)\"\n     class=\"bibbase doi link\">\n    <span>doi</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/lynch-interpretinginternationalpolitics-2013\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('lynch-interpretinginternationalpolitics-2013')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@book{lynch_interpreting_2013,\n\taddress = {New York},\n\ttitle = {Interpreting {International} {Politics}},\n\tisbn = {978-0-203-80108-6},\n\turl = {https://www.routledge.com/Interpreting-International-Politics/Lynch/p/book/9780415896917},\n\tabstract = {Interpreting International Politics addresses each of the major, &quot;traditional&quot; subfields in International Relations: International Law and Organization,},\n\tpublisher = {Routledge},\n\tauthor = {Lynch, Cecelia},\n\tmonth = dec,\n\tyear = {2013},\n\tdoi = {10.4324/9780203801086},\n}\n\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  Interpreting International Politics addresses each of the major, \"traditional\" subfields in International Relations: International Law and Organization,\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"aronoff-kubik-anthropologyandpoliticalscienceaconvergentapproach-2013\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  Anthropology and Political Science: A Convergent Approach.\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Aronoff, M. J.;  and Kubik, J.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  Berghahn Books,  2013.\n  <span class=\"note\">Google-Books-ID: 40KgTfu8jY4C</span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/aronoff-kubik-anthropologyandpoliticalscienceaconvergentapproach-2013\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('aronoff-kubik-anthropologyandpoliticalscienceaconvergentapproach-2013')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@book{aronoff_anthropology_2013,\n\ttitle = {Anthropology and {Political} {Science}: {A} {Convergent} {Approach}},\n\tisbn = {978-0-85745-725-7},\n\tshorttitle = {Anthropology and {Political} {Science}},\n\tabstract = {What can anthropology and political science learn from each other? The authors argue that collaboration, particularly in the area of concepts and methodologies, is tremendously beneficial for both disciplines, though they also deal with some troubling aspects of the relationship. Focusing on the influence of anthropology on political science, the book examines the basic assumptions the practitioners of each discipline make about the nature of social and political reality, compares some of the key concepts each field employs, and provides an extensive review of the basic methods of research that &quot;bridge&quot; both disciplines: ethnography and case study. Through ethnography (participant observation), reliance on extended case studies, and the use of &quot;anthropological&quot; concepts and sensibilities, a greater understanding of some of the most challenging issues of the day can be gained. For example, political anthropology challenges the illusion of the &quot;autonomy of the political&quot; assumed by political science to characterize so-called modern societies. Several chapters include a cross-disciplinary analysis of key concepts and issues: political culture, political ritual, the politics of collective identity, democratization in divided societies, conflict resolution, civil society, and the politics of post-Communist transformations.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tpublisher = {Berghahn Books},\n\tauthor = {Aronoff, Myron J. and Kubik, Jan},\n\tyear = {2013},\n\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: 40KgTfu8jY4C},\n\tkeywords = {Political Science / General, Political Science / History \\&amp; Theory, Social Science / Anthropology / Cultural \\&amp; Social, Social Science / Anthropology / General, Social Science / Sociology / General},\n}\n\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  What can anthropology and political science learn from each other? The authors argue that collaboration, particularly in the area of concepts and methodologies, is tremendously beneficial for both disciplines, though they also deal with some troubling aspects of the relationship. Focusing on the influence of anthropology on political science, the book examines the basic assumptions the practitioners of each discipline make about the nature of social and political reality, compares some of the key concepts each field employs, and provides an extensive review of the basic methods of research that \"bridge\" both disciplines: ethnography and case study. Through ethnography (participant observation), reliance on extended case studies, and the use of \"anthropological\" concepts and sensibilities, a greater understanding of some of the most challenging issues of the day can be gained. For example, political anthropology challenges the illusion of the \"autonomy of the political\" assumed by political science to characterize so-called modern societies. Several chapters include a cross-disciplinary analysis of key concepts and issues: political culture, political ritual, the politics of collective identity, democratization in divided societies, conflict resolution, civil society, and the politics of post-Communist transformations.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"wedeen-ethnographyasinterpretiveenterprise-2013\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.7208/9780226736785-006/html?lang=en\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'wedeen-ethnographyasinterpretiveenterprise-2013', 'https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.7208/9780226736785-006/html?lang=en', event);\">\n    Ethnography as Interpretive Enterprise.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Wedeen, L.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  In <i>THREE Ethnography as Interpretive Enterprise</i>, pages 75–94. University of Chicago Press, February 2013.\n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.7208/9780226736785-006/html?lang=en\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('wedeen-ethnographyasinterpretiveenterprise-2013', 'https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.7208/9780226736785-006/html?lang=en', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"Ethnography as Interpretive Enterprise [link]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.org/10.7208/9780226736785-006\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('wedeen-ethnographyasinterpretiveenterprise-2013', 'http://doi.org/10.7208/9780226736785-006', event.ctrlKey)\"\n     class=\"bibbase doi link\">\n    <span>doi</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/wedeen-ethnographyasinterpretiveenterprise-2013\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('wedeen-ethnographyasinterpretiveenterprise-2013')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@incollection{wedeen_ethnography_2013,\n\ttitle = {Ethnography as {Interpretive} {Enterprise}},\n\tcopyright = {De Gruyter expressly reserves the right to use all content for commercial text and data mining within the meaning of Section 44b of the German Copyright Act.},\n\tisbn = {978-0-226-73678-5},\n\turl = {https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.7208/9780226736785-006/html?lang=en},\n\tabstract = {THREE Ethnography as Interpretive Enterprise was published in Political Ethnography on page 75.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\turldate = {2024-08-08},\n\tbooktitle = {{THREE} {Ethnography} as {Interpretive} {Enterprise}},\n\tpublisher = {University of Chicago Press},\n\tauthor = {Wedeen, Lisa},\n\tmonth = feb,\n\tyear = {2013},\n\tdoi = {10.7208/9780226736785-006},\n\tpages = {75--94},\n}\n\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  THREE Ethnography as Interpretive Enterprise was published in Political Ethnography on page 75.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"wedeen-ideologyandhumorindarktimesnotesfromsyria-2013\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.1086/671358\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'wedeen-ideologyandhumorindarktimesnotesfromsyria-2013', 'https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.1086/671358', event);\">\n    Ideology and Humor in Dark Times: Notes from Syria.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Wedeen, L.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  <i>Critical Inquiry</i>, 39(4): 841–873.  2013.\n  <span class=\"note\">Publisher: The University of Chicago Press</span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.1086/671358\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('wedeen-ideologyandhumorindarktimesnotesfromsyria-2013', 'https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.1086/671358', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"Ideology and Humor in Dark Times: Notes from Syria [link]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.org/10.1086/671358\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('wedeen-ideologyandhumorindarktimesnotesfromsyria-2013', 'http://doi.org/10.1086/671358', event.ctrlKey)\"\n     class=\"bibbase doi link\">\n    <span>doi</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/wedeen-ideologyandhumorindarktimesnotesfromsyria-2013\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('wedeen-ideologyandhumorindarktimesnotesfromsyria-2013')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@article{wedeen_ideology_2013,\n\ttitle = {Ideology and {Humor} in {Dark} {Times}: {Notes} from {Syria}},\n\tvolume = {39},\n\tissn = {0093-1896},\n\tshorttitle = {Ideology and {Humor} in {Dark} {Times}},\n\turl = {https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.1086/671358},\n\tdoi = {10.1086/671358},\n\tnumber = {4},\n\turldate = {2024-08-08},\n\tjournal = {Critical Inquiry},\n\tauthor = {Wedeen, Lisa},\n\tyear = {2013},\n\tnote = {Publisher: The University of Chicago Press},\n\tpages = {841--873},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n\n\n\n    </div>\n  </div>\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_group_whole\" id=\"group_2012\">\n    <div class=\"bibbase_group\"\n      onclick=\"toggleGroup('group_2012')\"\n      onkeypress=\"toggleGroup('group_2012')\"\n      tabindex=\"0\">\n      <i class=\"fa fa-angle-down bibbase_group_head_icon\"></i>&nbsp;\n      <span>2012</span>\n      <span class=\"bibbase_group_count\">\n        \n        (11)\n        \n      </span>\n    </div>\n    <div class=\"bibbase_group_body\">\n      \n  \n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"jennings-interpretivesocialscienceandpolicyanalysis-2012\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  Interpretive social science and policy analysis.\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Jennings, B.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  In Callahan, D.;  and Jennings, B., editor(s), <i>Ethics, The Social Sciences, and Policy Analysis</i>, pages Ch 1. Springer Science & Business Media, December 2012.\n  <span class=\"note\">Google-Books-ID: y03uBwAAQBAJ</span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/jennings-interpretivesocialscienceandpolicyanalysis-2012\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('jennings-interpretivesocialscienceandpolicyanalysis-2012')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@incollection{callahan_interpretive_2012,\n\ttitle = {Interpretive social science and policy analysis},\n\tisbn = {978-1-4684-7015-4},\n\tabstract = {The social sciences playa variety of multifaceted roles in the policymaking process. So varied are these roles, indeed, that it is futile to talk in the singular about the use of social science in policymaking, as if there were one constant relationship between two fixed and stable entities. Instead, to address this issue sensibly one must talk in the plural about uses of dif ferent modes of social scientific inquiry for different kinds of policies under various circumstances. In some cases, the influence of social scientific research is direct and tangible, and the connection between the find ings and the policy is easy to see. In other cases, perhaps most, its influence is indirect-one small piece in a larger mosaic of politics, bargaining, and compromise. Occasionally the findings of social scientific studies are explicitly drawn upon by policymakers in the formation, implementation, or evaluation of particular policies. More often, the categories and theoretical models of social science provide a general background orientation within which policymakers concep tualize problems and frame policy options. At times, the in fluence of social scientific work is cognitive and informational in nature; in other instances, policymakers use social science primarily for symbolic and political purposes in order to le gitimate preestablished goals and strategies. Nonetheless, amid this diversity and variety, troubling general questions persistently arise.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tbooktitle = {Ethics, {The} {Social} {Sciences}, and {Policy} {Analysis}},\n\tpublisher = {Springer Science \\&amp; Business Media},\n\tauthor = {Jennings, Bruce},\n\teditor = {Callahan, Daniel and Jennings, Bruce},\n\tmonth = dec,\n\tyear = {2012},\n\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: y03uBwAAQBAJ},\n\tkeywords = {Philosophy / Ethics \\&amp; Moral Philosophy, Philosophy / General, Social Science / General},\n\tpages = {Ch 1},\n}\n\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  The social sciences playa variety of multifaceted roles in the policymaking process. So varied are these roles, indeed, that it is futile to talk in the singular about the use of social science in policymaking, as if there were one constant relationship between two fixed and stable entities. Instead, to address this issue sensibly one must talk in the plural about uses of dif ferent modes of social scientific inquiry for different kinds of policies under various circumstances. In some cases, the influence of social scientific research is direct and tangible, and the connection between the find ings and the policy is easy to see. In other cases, perhaps most, its influence is indirect-one small piece in a larger mosaic of politics, bargaining, and compromise. Occasionally the findings of social scientific studies are explicitly drawn upon by policymakers in the formation, implementation, or evaluation of particular policies. More often, the categories and theoretical models of social science provide a general background orientation within which policymakers concep tualize problems and frame policy options. At times, the in fluence of social scientific work is cognitive and informational in nature; in other instances, policymakers use social science primarily for symbolic and political purposes in order to le gitimate preestablished goals and strategies. Nonetheless, amid this diversity and variety, troubling general questions persistently arise.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"rein-valuecriticalpolicyanalysis-2012\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  Value-critical policy analysis.\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Rein, M.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  In Callahan, D.;  and Jennings, B., editor(s), <i>Ethics, The Social Sciences, and Policy Analysis</i>. Springer Science & Business Media, December 2012.\n  <span class=\"note\">Google-Books-ID: y03uBwAAQBAJ</span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/rein-valuecriticalpolicyanalysis-2012\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('rein-valuecriticalpolicyanalysis-2012')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@incollection{callahan_value-critical_2012,\n\ttitle = {Value-critical policy analysis},\n\tisbn = {978-1-4684-7015-4},\n\tabstract = {The social sciences playa variety of multifaceted roles in the policymaking process. So varied are these roles, indeed, that it is futile to talk in the singular about the use of social science in policymaking, as if there were one constant relationship between two fixed and stable entities. Instead, to address this issue sensibly one must talk in the plural about uses of dif ferent modes of social scientific inquiry for different kinds of policies under various circumstances. In some cases, the influence of social scientific research is direct and tangible, and the connection between the find ings and the policy is easy to see. In other cases, perhaps most, its influence is indirect-one small piece in a larger mosaic of politics, bargaining, and compromise. Occasionally the findings of social scientific studies are explicitly drawn upon by policymakers in the formation, implementation, or evaluation of particular policies. More often, the categories and theoretical models of social science provide a general background orientation within which policymakers concep tualize problems and frame policy options. At times, the in fluence of social scientific work is cognitive and informational in nature; in other instances, policymakers use social science primarily for symbolic and political purposes in order to le gitimate preestablished goals and strategies. Nonetheless, amid this diversity and variety, troubling general questions persistently arise.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tbooktitle = {Ethics, {The} {Social} {Sciences}, and {Policy} {Analysis}},\n\tpublisher = {Springer Science \\&amp; Business Media},\n\tauthor = {Rein, Martin},\n\teditor = {Callahan, Daniel and Jennings, Bruce},\n\tmonth = dec,\n\tyear = {2012},\n\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: y03uBwAAQBAJ},\n\tkeywords = {Philosophy / Ethics \\&amp; Moral Philosophy, Philosophy / General, Social Science / General},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  The social sciences playa variety of multifaceted roles in the policymaking process. So varied are these roles, indeed, that it is futile to talk in the singular about the use of social science in policymaking, as if there were one constant relationship between two fixed and stable entities. Instead, to address this issue sensibly one must talk in the plural about uses of dif ferent modes of social scientific inquiry for different kinds of policies under various circumstances. In some cases, the influence of social scientific research is direct and tangible, and the connection between the find ings and the policy is easy to see. In other cases, perhaps most, its influence is indirect-one small piece in a larger mosaic of politics, bargaining, and compromise. Occasionally the findings of social scientific studies are explicitly drawn upon by policymakers in the formation, implementation, or evaluation of particular policies. More often, the categories and theoretical models of social science provide a general background orientation within which policymakers concep tualize problems and frame policy options. At times, the in fluence of social scientific work is cognitive and informational in nature; in other instances, policymakers use social science primarily for symbolic and political purposes in order to le gitimate preestablished goals and strategies. Nonetheless, amid this diversity and variety, troubling general questions persistently arise.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"jun-understandingactionpraxisandchange-2012\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  Understanding action, praxis, and change.\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Jun, J. S.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  In <i>The Social Construction of Public Administration: Interpretive and Critical Perspectives</i>, pages Ch 6. State University of New York Press, Albany, NY, February 2012.\n  <span class=\"note\">Google-Books-ID: 0KCjeUvCcQEC</span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/jun-understandingactionpraxisandchange-2012\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('jun-understandingactionpraxisandchange-2012')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@incollection{jun_understanding_2012,\n\taddress = {Albany, NY},\n\ttitle = {Understanding action, praxis, and change},\n\tisbn = {978-0-7914-8189-9},\n\tabstract = {In this conceptual guided tour of contemporary public administration, Jong S. Jun challenges the limitations of the discipline which, he argues, make it inadequate for understanding today&#x27;s complex human phenomena. Drawing on examples and case studies from both Eastern and Western countries, he emphasizes critical and interpretive perspectives as a counterforce to the instrumental-technical rationality that reduces the field to structural and functionalist views of management. He also emphasizes the idea of democratic social construction to transcend the field&#x27;s reliance on conventional pluralist politics. Jun stresses that public administrators and institutions must create opportunities for sharing and learning among organizational members and must facilitate interactive processes between public administrators and citizens so that the latter can voice their problems and opinions. The future role of public administrators will be to transcend the limitations of the management and governing of modern public administration and to explore ways of constructing socially meaningful alternatives through communicative action and the participation of citizens.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tbooktitle = {The {Social} {Construction} of {Public} {Administration}: {Interpretive} and {Critical} {Perspectives}},\n\tpublisher = {State University of New York Press},\n\tauthor = {Jun, Jong S.},\n\tmonth = feb,\n\tyear = {2012},\n\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: 0KCjeUvCcQEC},\n\tkeywords = {Political Science / Public Affairs \\&amp; Administration, Social Science / Methodology},\n\tpages = {Ch 6},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  In this conceptual guided tour of contemporary public administration, Jong S. Jun challenges the limitations of the discipline which, he argues, make it inadequate for understanding today's complex human phenomena. Drawing on examples and case studies from both Eastern and Western countries, he emphasizes critical and interpretive perspectives as a counterforce to the instrumental-technical rationality that reduces the field to structural and functionalist views of management. He also emphasizes the idea of democratic social construction to transcend the field's reliance on conventional pluralist politics. Jun stresses that public administrators and institutions must create opportunities for sharing and learning among organizational members and must facilitate interactive processes between public administrators and citizens so that the latter can voice their problems and opinions. The future role of public administrators will be to transcend the limitations of the management and governing of modern public administration and to explore ways of constructing socially meaningful alternatives through communicative action and the participation of citizens.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"wilson-theenglishschoolmeetsthechicagoschoolthecaseforagroundedtheoryofinternationalinstitutions1-2012\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1111/misr.12001\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'wilson-theenglishschoolmeetsthechicagoschoolthecaseforagroundedtheoryofinternationalinstitutions1-2012', 'https://doi.org/10.1111/misr.12001', event);\">\n    The English School Meets the Chicago School: The Case for a Grounded Theory of International Institutions1.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Wilson, P.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  <i>International Studies Review</i>, 14(4): 567–590. December 2012.\n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1111/misr.12001\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('wilson-theenglishschoolmeetsthechicagoschoolthecaseforagroundedtheoryofinternationalinstitutions1-2012', 'https://doi.org/10.1111/misr.12001', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"The English School Meets the Chicago School: The Case for a Grounded Theory of International Institutions1 [link]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.org/10.1111/misr.12001\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('wilson-theenglishschoolmeetsthechicagoschoolthecaseforagroundedtheoryofinternationalinstitutions1-2012', 'http://doi.org/10.1111/misr.12001', event.ctrlKey)\"\n     class=\"bibbase doi link\">\n    <span>doi</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/wilson-theenglishschoolmeetsthechicagoschoolthecaseforagroundedtheoryofinternationalinstitutions1-2012\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('wilson-theenglishschoolmeetsthechicagoschoolthecaseforagroundedtheoryofinternationalinstitutions1-2012')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@article{wilson_english_2012,\n\ttitle = {The {English} {School} {Meets} the {Chicago} {School}: {The} {Case} for a {Grounded} {Theory} of {International} {Institutions1}},\n\tvolume = {14},\n\tissn = {1521-9488},\n\turl = {https://doi.org/10.1111/misr.12001},\n\tdoi = {10.1111/misr.12001},\n\tabstract = {The concept of primary international institutions is a core idea of the English School and central to those scholars from Bull to Buzan who have sought to take it in a more sociological direction. Yet the English School has traditionally found it difficult to define and identify with consistency the institutions of international society. A group of scholars, here called the “new institutionalists,” have recently sought to address this problem by devising tighter definitions and applying them more rigorously. But different understandings and lists of institutions continue to proliferate. The source of the problem is the reliance on “stipulative” definitions, drawn from an increasingly abstract theoretical literature. The problem is compounded by the new institutionalists&#x27; employment of social structural and other “outsider” methods of social research. This article argues that it is only possible to empirically ground institutions, a task on which all agree, by returning to the interpretive “insider” approach traditionally associated with the school—but employing it in a much more rigorous way. To this end it makes the case for a “grounded theory” of international institutions inspired by Chicago School sociology.},\n\tnumber = {4},\n\turldate = {2024-12-08},\n\tjournal = {International Studies Review},\n\tauthor = {Wilson, Peter},\n\tmonth = dec,\n\tyear = {2012},\n\tpages = {567--590},\n}\n\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  The concept of primary international institutions is a core idea of the English School and central to those scholars from Bull to Buzan who have sought to take it in a more sociological direction. Yet the English School has traditionally found it difficult to define and identify with consistency the institutions of international society. A group of scholars, here called the “new institutionalists,” have recently sought to address this problem by devising tighter definitions and applying them more rigorously. But different understandings and lists of institutions continue to proliferate. The source of the problem is the reliance on “stipulative” definitions, drawn from an increasingly abstract theoretical literature. The problem is compounded by the new institutionalists' employment of social structural and other “outsider” methods of social research. This article argues that it is only possible to empirically ground institutions, a task on which all agree, by returning to the interpretive “insider” approach traditionally associated with the school—but employing it in a much more rigorous way. To this end it makes the case for a “grounded theory” of international institutions inspired by Chicago School sociology.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"soss-makingclientsandcitizenswelfarepolicyasasourceofstatusbeliefandaction-2012\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1515/9780791483831-013\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'soss-makingclientsandcitizenswelfarepolicyasasourceofstatusbeliefandaction-2012', 'https://doi.org/10.1515/9780791483831-013', event);\">\n    Making Clients and Citizens: Welfare Policy as a Source of Status, Belief, and Action.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Soss, J.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  In Schneider, A. L.;  and Ingram, H. M., editor(s), <i>Making Clients and Citizens: Welfare Policy as a Source of Status, Belief, and Action</i>, pages 291–328. SUNY Press, Albany, NY,  2012.\n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1515/9780791483831-013\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('soss-makingclientsandcitizenswelfarepolicyasasourceofstatusbeliefandaction-2012', 'https://doi.org/10.1515/9780791483831-013', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"Making Clients and Citizens: Welfare Policy as a Source of Status, Belief, and Action [link]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.org/doi:10.1515/9780791483831-013\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('soss-makingclientsandcitizenswelfarepolicyasasourceofstatusbeliefandaction-2012', 'http://doi.org/doi:10.1515/9780791483831-013', event.ctrlKey)\"\n     class=\"bibbase doi link\">\n    <span>doi</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/soss-makingclientsandcitizenswelfarepolicyasasourceofstatusbeliefandaction-2012\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('soss-makingclientsandcitizenswelfarepolicyasasourceofstatusbeliefandaction-2012')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@incollection{soss_making_2012,\n\taddress = {Albany, NY},\n\ttitle = {Making {Clients} and {Citizens}: {Welfare} {Policy} as a {Source} of {Status}, {Belief}, and {Action}},\n\tisbn = {978-0-7914-8383-1},\n\turl = {https://doi.org/10.1515/9780791483831-013},\n\tabstract = {Making Clients and Citizens: Welfare Policy as a Source of Status, Belief, and Action was published in Deserving and Entitled on page 291.},\n\turldate = {2024-08-12},\n\tbooktitle = {Making {Clients} and {Citizens}: {Welfare} {Policy} as a {Source} of {Status}, {Belief}, and {Action}},\n\tpublisher = {SUNY Press},\n\tauthor = {Soss, Joe},\n\teditor = {Schneider, Anne L. and Ingram, Helen M.},\n\tyear = {2012},\n\tdoi = {doi:10.1515/9780791483831-013},\n\tpages = {291--328},\n}\n\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  Making Clients and Citizens: Welfare Policy as a Source of Status, Belief, and Action was published in Deserving and Entitled on page 291.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"lejano-leong-ahermeneuticapproachtoexplainingandunderstandingpubliccontroversies-2012\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093/jopart/mus001\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'lejano-leong-ahermeneuticapproachtoexplainingandunderstandingpubliccontroversies-2012', 'https://doi.org/10.1093/jopart/mus001', event);\">\n    A Hermeneutic Approach to Explaining and Understanding Public Controversies.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Lejano, R. P.;  and Leong, C.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  <i>Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory</i>, 22(4): 793–814. October 2012.\n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093/jopart/mus001\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('lejano-leong-ahermeneuticapproachtoexplainingandunderstandingpubliccontroversies-2012', 'https://doi.org/10.1093/jopart/mus001', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"A Hermeneutic Approach to Explaining and Understanding Public Controversies [link]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.org/10.1093/jopart/mus001\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('lejano-leong-ahermeneuticapproachtoexplainingandunderstandingpubliccontroversies-2012', 'http://doi.org/10.1093/jopart/mus001', event.ctrlKey)\"\n     class=\"bibbase doi link\">\n    <span>doi</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/lejano-leong-ahermeneuticapproachtoexplainingandunderstandingpubliccontroversies-2012\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('lejano-leong-ahermeneuticapproachtoexplainingandunderstandingpubliccontroversies-2012')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@article{lejano_hermeneutic_2012,\n\ttitle = {A {Hermeneutic} {Approach} to {Explaining} and {Understanding} {Public} {Controversies}},\n\tvolume = {22},\n\tissn = {1053-1858},\n\turl = {https://doi.org/10.1093/jopart/mus001},\n\tdoi = {10.1093/jopart/mus001},\n\tabstract = {Notwithstanding the growing use of interpretive analysis in public administration and policy research, its fullest potential for evaluating intractable public conflict has yet to be tapped. We develop a mode of narrative analysis, partly based upon Paul Ricoeur&#x27;s hermeneutics, that shows promise for analyzing public disputes. We illustrate this with a case study in Los Angeles involving a contentious proposal to inject recycled wastewater into the city’s water supply. The analysis reveals that, by representing opposing interests with a simplistic narrative, the water industry’s response has been superfluous. The latter assumes that impasse simply results from the public’s lack of information, the logical response being an information dissemination campaign. We employ a hermeneutic approach to reveal a set of persistent issues that project proponents have hitherto failed to address. By respecting the inherent plurivocity and intertextuality of narrative, hermeneutics provides new inroads into controversial public issues. We close the discussion with implications for practice.},\n\tnumber = {4},\n\turldate = {2024-08-12},\n\tjournal = {Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory},\n\tauthor = {Lejano, Raul P. and Leong, Ching},\n\tmonth = oct,\n\tyear = {2012},\n\tpages = {793--814},\n}\n\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  Notwithstanding the growing use of interpretive analysis in public administration and policy research, its fullest potential for evaluating intractable public conflict has yet to be tapped. We develop a mode of narrative analysis, partly based upon Paul Ricoeur's hermeneutics, that shows promise for analyzing public disputes. We illustrate this with a case study in Los Angeles involving a contentious proposal to inject recycled wastewater into the city’s water supply. The analysis reveals that, by representing opposing interests with a simplistic narrative, the water industry’s response has been superfluous. The latter assumes that impasse simply results from the public’s lack of information, the logical response being an information dissemination campaign. We employ a hermeneutic approach to reveal a set of persistent issues that project proponents have hitherto failed to address. By respecting the inherent plurivocity and intertextuality of narrative, hermeneutics provides new inroads into controversial public issues. We close the discussion with implications for practice.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"hopf-reconstructingthecoldwartheearlyyears19451958-2012\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199858484.001.0001\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'hopf-reconstructingthecoldwartheearlyyears19451958-2012', 'https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199858484.001.0001', event);\">\n    Reconstructing the Cold War: The Early Years, 1945-1958.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Hopf, T.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK, May 2012.\n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199858484.001.0001\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('hopf-reconstructingthecoldwartheearlyyears19451958-2012', 'https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199858484.001.0001', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"Reconstructing the Cold War: The Early Years, 1945-1958 [link]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199858484.001.0001\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('hopf-reconstructingthecoldwartheearlyyears19451958-2012', 'http://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199858484.001.0001', event.ctrlKey)\"\n     class=\"bibbase doi link\">\n    <span>doi</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/hopf-reconstructingthecoldwartheearlyyears19451958-2012\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('hopf-reconstructingthecoldwartheearlyyears19451958-2012')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@book{hopf_reconstructing_2012,\n\taddress = {Oxford, UK},\n\ttitle = {Reconstructing the {Cold} {War}: {The} {Early} {Years}, 1945-1958},\n\tisbn = {978-0-19-985848-4},\n\turl = {https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199858484.001.0001},\n\tabstract = {General answers are hard to imagine for the puzzling questions that are raised by Soviet relations with the world in the early years of the Cold War. Why was Moscow more frightened by the Marshall Plan than the Truman Doctrine? Why would the Soviet Union abandon its ally, Yugoslavia, just when the Cold War was starting? How could Khrushchev’s de-Stalinized domestic and foreign policies at first cause a warming of relations with China, and then lead to loss? What can explain Stalin’s failure to ally with the leaders of the decolonizing world against imperialism and Khrushchev’s enthusiastic embrace of these leaders as anti-imperialist at a time of the first detente of the Cold War? It would seem that only idiosyncratic explanations could be offered for these seemingly incoherent policy outcomes. Or, at best, they could be explained by the personalities of Stalin and Khrushchev as leaders. In fact, the most Stalinist of Soviet leaders, the secret police chief and sociopath, Lavrentii Beria, was the most enthusiastic proponent of de-Stalinized foreign and domestic policies after Stalin’s death in March 1953. This book argues, instead, that it was Soviet identity that explains these anomalies. During Stalin’s rule, a discourse of danger prevailed in Soviet society, where any deviations from the idealized version of the New Soviet Man, were understood as threatening the very survival of the Soviet project itself. But the discourse of danger did not go unchallenged. Even under the rule of Stalin, Soviet society understood a socialist Soviet Union as a more secure, diverse, and socially democratic place. This discourse of difference, with its broader conception of what the socialist project meant, and who could contribute to it, was empowered after Stalin’s death, first by Beria, then by Malenkov, and then by Khrushchev, and the rest of the post-Stalin Soviet leadership. This discourse of difference allowed for the de-Stalinization of Eastern Europe, with the consequent revolts in Poland and Hungary, a rapprochement with Tito’s Yugoslavia, and an initial warming of relations with China. But it also sowed the seeds of the split with China, as the latter moved in the very Stalinist direction at home just rejected by Moscow. And, contrary to conventional wisdom, a moderation of authoritarianism at home, a product of the discourse of difference, did not lead to a moderation of Soviet foreign policy abroad. Instead, it led to the opening of an entirely new, and bloody, front in the decolonizing world.},\n\turldate = {2024-11-08},\n\tpublisher = {Oxford University Press},\n\tauthor = {Hopf, Ted},\n\tmonth = may,\n\tyear = {2012},\n\tdoi = {10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199858484.001.0001},\n}\n\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  General answers are hard to imagine for the puzzling questions that are raised by Soviet relations with the world in the early years of the Cold War. Why was Moscow more frightened by the Marshall Plan than the Truman Doctrine? Why would the Soviet Union abandon its ally, Yugoslavia, just when the Cold War was starting? How could Khrushchev’s de-Stalinized domestic and foreign policies at first cause a warming of relations with China, and then lead to loss? What can explain Stalin’s failure to ally with the leaders of the decolonizing world against imperialism and Khrushchev’s enthusiastic embrace of these leaders as anti-imperialist at a time of the first detente of the Cold War? It would seem that only idiosyncratic explanations could be offered for these seemingly incoherent policy outcomes. Or, at best, they could be explained by the personalities of Stalin and Khrushchev as leaders. In fact, the most Stalinist of Soviet leaders, the secret police chief and sociopath, Lavrentii Beria, was the most enthusiastic proponent of de-Stalinized foreign and domestic policies after Stalin’s death in March 1953. This book argues, instead, that it was Soviet identity that explains these anomalies. During Stalin’s rule, a discourse of danger prevailed in Soviet society, where any deviations from the idealized version of the New Soviet Man, were understood as threatening the very survival of the Soviet project itself. But the discourse of danger did not go unchallenged. Even under the rule of Stalin, Soviet society understood a socialist Soviet Union as a more secure, diverse, and socially democratic place. This discourse of difference, with its broader conception of what the socialist project meant, and who could contribute to it, was empowered after Stalin’s death, first by Beria, then by Malenkov, and then by Khrushchev, and the rest of the post-Stalin Soviet leadership. This discourse of difference allowed for the de-Stalinization of Eastern Europe, with the consequent revolts in Poland and Hungary, a rapprochement with Tito’s Yugoslavia, and an initial warming of relations with China. But it also sowed the seeds of the split with China, as the latter moved in the very Stalinist direction at home just rejected by Moscow. And, contrary to conventional wisdom, a moderation of authoritarianism at home, a product of the discourse of difference, did not lead to a moderation of Soviet foreign policy abroad. Instead, it led to the opening of an entirely new, and bloody, front in the decolonizing world.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"hnke-mller-governinginsecurityinapostcolonialworldtransnationalentanglementsandtheworldlinessoflocalpractice-2012\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"https://www.jstor.org/stable/26301927\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'hnke-mller-governinginsecurityinapostcolonialworldtransnationalentanglementsandtheworldlinessoflocalpractice-2012', 'https://www.jstor.org/stable/26301927', event);\">\n    Governing (in)security in a postcolonial world: Transnational entanglements and the worldliness of 'local' practice.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Hönke, J.;  and Müller, M.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  <i>Security Dialogue</i>, 43(5): 383–401.  2012.\n  <span class=\"note\">Publisher: Sage Publications, Ltd.</span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"https://www.jstor.org/stable/26301927\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('hnke-mller-governinginsecurityinapostcolonialworldtransnationalentanglementsandtheworldlinessoflocalpractice-2012', 'https://www.jstor.org/stable/26301927', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"Governing (in)security in a postcolonial world: Transnational entanglements and the worldliness of &#x27;local&#x27; practice [link]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/hnke-mller-governinginsecurityinapostcolonialworldtransnationalentanglementsandtheworldlinessoflocalpractice-2012\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('hnke-mller-governinginsecurityinapostcolonialworldtransnationalentanglementsandtheworldlinessoflocalpractice-2012')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@article{honke_governing_2012,\n\ttitle = {Governing (in)security in a postcolonial world: {Transnational} entanglements and the worldliness of &#x27;local&#x27; practice},\n\tvolume = {43},\n\tissn = {0967-0106},\n\tshorttitle = {Governing (in)security in a postcolonial world},\n\turl = {https://www.jstor.org/stable/26301927},\n\tabstract = {While analysis of transnationalized forms of security governance in the contemporary postcolonial world features prominently in current debates within the field of security studies, most efforts to analyse and understand the relevant processes proceed from an unquestioned &#x27;Western&#x27; perspective, thereby failing to consider the methodological and theoretical implications of governing (in)security under postcolonial conditions. This article seeks to address that lacuna by highlighting the entangled histories of (in)security governance in the (post)colonial world and by providing fresh theoretical and methodological perspective for a security studies research agenda sensitive to the implications of the postcolonial condition.},\n\tnumber = {5},\n\turldate = {2024-08-11},\n\tjournal = {Security Dialogue},\n\tauthor = {Hönke, Jana and Müller, Markus-Michael},\n\tyear = {2012},\n\tnote = {Publisher: Sage Publications, Ltd.},\n\tpages = {383--401},\n}\n\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  While analysis of transnationalized forms of security governance in the contemporary postcolonial world features prominently in current debates within the field of security studies, most efforts to analyse and understand the relevant processes proceed from an unquestioned 'Western' perspective, thereby failing to consider the methodological and theoretical implications of governing (in)security under postcolonial conditions. This article seeks to address that lacuna by highlighting the entangled histories of (in)security governance in the (post)colonial world and by providing fresh theoretical and methodological perspective for a security studies research agenda sensitive to the implications of the postcolonial condition.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"autesserre-dangeroustalesdominantnarrativesonthecongoandtheirunintendedconsequences-2012\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"https://www.jstor.org/stable/41494485\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'autesserre-dangeroustalesdominantnarrativesonthecongoandtheirunintendedconsequences-2012', 'https://www.jstor.org/stable/41494485', event);\">\n    Dangerous Tales: Dominant Narratives on the Congo and Their Unintended Consequences.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Autesserre, S.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  <i>African Affairs</i>, 111(443): 202–222.  2012.\n  <span class=\"note\">Publisher: Oxford University Press</span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"https://www.jstor.org/stable/41494485\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('autesserre-dangeroustalesdominantnarrativesonthecongoandtheirunintendedconsequences-2012', 'https://www.jstor.org/stable/41494485', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"Dangerous Tales: Dominant Narratives on the Congo and Their Unintended Consequences [link]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/autesserre-dangeroustalesdominantnarrativesonthecongoandtheirunintendedconsequences-2012\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('autesserre-dangeroustalesdominantnarrativesonthecongoandtheirunintendedconsequences-2012')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@article{autesserre_dangerous_2012,\n\ttitle = {Dangerous {Tales}: {Dominant} {Narratives} on the {Congo} and {Their} {Unintended} {Consequences}},\n\tvolume = {111},\n\tissn = {0001-9909},\n\tshorttitle = {Dangerous {Tales}},\n\turl = {https://www.jstor.org/stable/41494485},\n\tabstract = {Explanations for the persistence of violence in the eastern part of the Democratic Republic of Congo blame the incendiary actions of domestic and regional leaders, as well as the inefficacy of international peacebuilding efforts. Based on several years of ethnographic research, this article adds another piece to the puzzle, emphasizing the perverse consequences of well-meaning international efforts. I argue that three narratives dominate the public discourse on Congo and eclipse the numerous alternative framings of the situation. These narratives focus on a primary cause of violence, illegal exploitation of mineral resources; a main consequence, sexual abuse of women and girls; and a central solution, extending state authority. I elucidate why simple narratives are necessary for policy makers, journalists, advocacy groups, and practitioners on the ground, especially those involved in the Congo. I then consider each narrative in turn and explain how they achieved prominence: they provided straightforward explanations for the violence, suggested feasible solutions to it, and resonated with foreign audiences. I demonstrate that the focus on these narratives and on the solutions they recommended has led to results that clash with their intended purposes, notably an increase in human rights violations.},\n\tnumber = {443},\n\turldate = {2024-08-09},\n\tjournal = {African Affairs},\n\tauthor = {Autesserre, Séverine},\n\tyear = {2012},\n\tnote = {Publisher: Oxford University Press},\n\tpages = {202--222},\n}\n\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  Explanations for the persistence of violence in the eastern part of the Democratic Republic of Congo blame the incendiary actions of domestic and regional leaders, as well as the inefficacy of international peacebuilding efforts. Based on several years of ethnographic research, this article adds another piece to the puzzle, emphasizing the perverse consequences of well-meaning international efforts. I argue that three narratives dominate the public discourse on Congo and eclipse the numerous alternative framings of the situation. These narratives focus on a primary cause of violence, illegal exploitation of mineral resources; a main consequence, sexual abuse of women and girls; and a central solution, extending state authority. I elucidate why simple narratives are necessary for policy makers, journalists, advocacy groups, and practitioners on the ground, especially those involved in the Congo. I then consider each narrative in turn and explain how they achieved prominence: they provided straightforward explanations for the violence, suggested feasible solutions to it, and resonated with foreign audiences. I demonstrate that the focus on these narratives and on the solutions they recommended has led to results that clash with their intended purposes, notably an increase in human rights violations.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"yanow-organizationalethnographybetweentoolboxandworldmaking-2012\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1108/202466741211220633\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'yanow-organizationalethnographybetweentoolboxandworldmaking-2012', 'https://doi.org/10.1108/202466741211220633', event);\">\n    Organizational ethnography between toolbox and world‐making.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Yanow, D.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  <i>Journal of Organizational Ethnography</i>, 1(1): 31–42. January 2012.\n  <span class=\"note\">Publisher: Emerald Group Publishing Limited</span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1108/202466741211220633\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('yanow-organizationalethnographybetweentoolboxandworldmaking-2012', 'https://doi.org/10.1108/202466741211220633', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"Organizational ethnography between toolbox and world‐making [link]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.org/10.1108/202466741211220633\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('yanow-organizationalethnographybetweentoolboxandworldmaking-2012', 'http://doi.org/10.1108/202466741211220633', event.ctrlKey)\"\n     class=\"bibbase doi link\">\n    <span>doi</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/yanow-organizationalethnographybetweentoolboxandworldmaking-2012\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('yanow-organizationalethnographybetweentoolboxandworldmaking-2012')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@article{yanow_organizational_2012,\n\ttitle = {Organizational ethnography between toolbox and world‐making},\n\tvolume = {1},\n\tissn = {2046-6749},\n\turl = {https://doi.org/10.1108/202466741211220633},\n\tdoi = {10.1108/202466741211220633},\n\tabstract = {Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to take account of organizational ethnography in its historical and methodological context, on the occasion of the inauguration of the Journal of Organizational Ethnography. Design/methodology/approach – This essay brings together some current issues and concerns in one form of “marked” ethnography. Findings – This essay touches on the questions: what is organizational ethnography and why is it re‐emerging now?; and on related questions, on its way to engaging some of the key methodological issues in organizational ethnography that today merit attention. Originality/value – The paper may be of value to readers who are interested in the method and in one researcher&#x27;s conceptual‐methodological take on it.},\n\tnumber = {1},\n\turldate = {2024-08-09},\n\tjournal = {Journal of Organizational Ethnography},\n\tauthor = {Yanow, Dvora},\n\tmonth = jan,\n\tyear = {2012},\n\tnote = {Publisher: Emerald Group Publishing Limited},\n\tkeywords = {Ethnography, Marked ethnography, Organizational ethnography, Organizations},\n\tpages = {31--42},\n}\n\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to take account of organizational ethnography in its historical and methodological context, on the occasion of the inauguration of the Journal of Organizational Ethnography. Design/methodology/approach – This essay brings together some current issues and concerns in one form of “marked” ethnography. Findings – This essay touches on the questions: what is organizational ethnography and why is it re‐emerging now?; and on related questions, on its way to engaging some of the key methodological issues in organizational ethnography that today merit attention. Originality/value – The paper may be of value to readers who are interested in the method and in one researcher's conceptual‐methodological take on it.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"haverland-yanow-ahitchhikersguidetothepublicadministrationresearchuniversesurvivingconversationsonmethodologiesandmethods-2012\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1540-6210.2011.02524.x\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'haverland-yanow-ahitchhikersguidetothepublicadministrationresearchuniversesurvivingconversationsonmethodologiesandmethods-2012', 'https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1540-6210.2011.02524.x', event);\">\n    A Hitchhiker's Guide to the Public Administration Research Universe: Surviving Conversations on Methodologies and Methods.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Haverland, M.;  and Yanow, D.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  <i>Public Administration Review</i>, 72(3): 401–408.  2012.\n  <span class=\"note\">_eprint: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/j.1540-6210.2011.02524.x</span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1540-6210.2011.02524.x\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('haverland-yanow-ahitchhikersguidetothepublicadministrationresearchuniversesurvivingconversationsonmethodologiesandmethods-2012', 'https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1540-6210.2011.02524.x', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"A Hitchhiker&#x27;s Guide to the Public Administration Research Universe: Surviving Conversations on Methodologies and Methods [link]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6210.2011.02524.x\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('haverland-yanow-ahitchhikersguidetothepublicadministrationresearchuniversesurvivingconversationsonmethodologiesandmethods-2012', 'http://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6210.2011.02524.x', event.ctrlKey)\"\n     class=\"bibbase doi link\">\n    <span>doi</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/haverland-yanow-ahitchhikersguidetothepublicadministrationresearchuniversesurvivingconversationsonmethodologiesandmethods-2012\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('haverland-yanow-ahitchhikersguidetothepublicadministrationresearchuniversesurvivingconversationsonmethodologiesandmethods-2012')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@article{haverland_hitchhikers_2012,\n\ttitle = {A {Hitchhiker}&#x27;s {Guide} to the {Public} {Administration} {Research} {Universe}: {Surviving} {Conversations} on {Methodologies} and {Methods}},\n\tvolume = {72},\n\tcopyright = {Copyright © 2012 The American Society for Public Administration},\n\tissn = {1540-6210},\n\tshorttitle = {A {Hitchhiker}&#x27;s {Guide} to the {Public} {Administration} {Research} {Universe}},\n\turl = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1540-6210.2011.02524.x},\n\tdoi = {10.1111/j.1540-6210.2011.02524.x},\n\tabstract = {Scientific conversations can be riddled with confusion when contributions to the discussion are based on notions about ways of knowing that remain implicit. Researchers often mix different methodological positions in their research designs because they lack an awareness of the distinctions between different ways of knowing and their associated methods. The authors engage and reflect on these differences, with particular attention to four areas: research question formulations, the character and role of concepts and theories, hypotheses versus puzzles, and case study research. They call on all researchers, both academics and practitioners, to be aware of the ways in which scientific terms serve, in research debates, as signifiers of different logics of inquiry. Awareness of these differences is important for the sake of productive scientific discussions and for the logical consistency of research, as both of the ways of knowing discussed here are legitimate scientific endeavors, albeit invoking different evaluative criteria.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {3},\n\turldate = {2024-08-09},\n\tjournal = {Public Administration Review},\n\tauthor = {Haverland, Markus and Yanow, Dvora},\n\tyear = {2012},\n\tnote = {\\_eprint: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/j.1540-6210.2011.02524.x},\n\tpages = {401--408},\n}\n\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  Scientific conversations can be riddled with confusion when contributions to the discussion are based on notions about ways of knowing that remain implicit. Researchers often mix different methodological positions in their research designs because they lack an awareness of the distinctions between different ways of knowing and their associated methods. The authors engage and reflect on these differences, with particular attention to four areas: research question formulations, the character and role of concepts and theories, hypotheses versus puzzles, and case study research. They call on all researchers, both academics and practitioners, to be aware of the ways in which scientific terms serve, in research debates, as signifiers of different logics of inquiry. Awareness of these differences is important for the sake of productive scientific discussions and for the logical consistency of research, as both of the ways of knowing discussed here are legitimate scientific endeavors, albeit invoking different evaluative criteria.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n\n\n\n    </div>\n  </div>\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_group_whole\" id=\"group_2011\">\n    <div class=\"bibbase_group\"\n      onclick=\"toggleGroup('group_2011')\"\n      onkeypress=\"toggleGroup('group_2011')\"\n      tabindex=\"0\">\n      <i class=\"fa fa-angle-down bibbase_group_head_icon\"></i>&nbsp;\n      <span>2011</span>\n      <span class=\"bibbase_group_count\">\n        \n        (7)\n        \n      </span>\n    </div>\n    <div class=\"bibbase_group_body\">\n      \n  \n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"sliwinski-humanrightsincamera-2011\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"https://press.uchicago.edu/ucp/books/book/chicago/H/bo12079675.html\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'sliwinski-humanrightsincamera-2011', 'https://press.uchicago.edu/ucp/books/book/chicago/H/bo12079675.html', event);\">\n    Human Rights In Camera.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Sliwinski, S.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  University of Chicago Press, Chicago, IL, October 2011.\n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"https://press.uchicago.edu/ucp/books/book/chicago/H/bo12079675.html\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('sliwinski-humanrightsincamera-2011', 'https://press.uchicago.edu/ucp/books/book/chicago/H/bo12079675.html', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"Human Rights In Camera [link]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/sliwinski-humanrightsincamera-2011\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('sliwinski-humanrightsincamera-2011')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@book{sliwinski_human_2011,\n\taddress = {Chicago, IL},\n\ttitle = {Human {Rights} {In} {Camera}},\n\tisbn = {978-0-226-76276-0},\n\turl = {https://press.uchicago.edu/ucp/books/book/chicago/H/bo12079675.html},\n\tabstract = {From the fundamental rights proclaimed in the American and French declarations of independence to the 1948 Universal Declaration of Human Rights and Hannah Arendt’s furious critiques, the definition of what it means to be human has been hotly debated. But the history of human rights—and their abuses—is also a richly illustrated one. Following this picture trail, Human Rights In Camera takes an innovative approach by examining the visual images that have accompanied human rights struggles and the passionate responses people have had to them.Sharon Sliwinski considers a series of historical events, including the 1755 Lisbon earthquake and the Holocaust, to illustrate that universal human rights have come to be imagined through aesthetic experience. The circulation of images of distant events, she argues, forms a virtual community between spectators and generates a sense of shared humanity. Joining a growing body of scholarship about the cultural forces at work in the construction of human rights, Human Rights In Camera is a novel take on this potent political ideal.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\turldate = {2024-08-14},\n\tpublisher = {University of Chicago Press},\n\tauthor = {Sliwinski, Sharon},\n\tmonth = oct,\n\tyear = {2011},\n}\n\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  From the fundamental rights proclaimed in the American and French declarations of independence to the 1948 Universal Declaration of Human Rights and Hannah Arendt’s furious critiques, the definition of what it means to be human has been hotly debated. But the history of human rights—and their abuses—is also a richly illustrated one. Following this picture trail, Human Rights In Camera takes an innovative approach by examining the visual images that have accompanied human rights struggles and the passionate responses people have had to them.Sharon Sliwinski considers a series of historical events, including the 1755 Lisbon earthquake and the Holocaust, to illustrate that universal human rights have come to be imagined through aesthetic experience. The circulation of images of distant events, she argues, forms a virtual community between spectators and generates a sense of shared humanity. Joining a growing body of scholarship about the cultural forces at work in the construction of human rights, Human Rights In Camera is a novel take on this potent political ideal.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"denhardt-theoriesofpublicorganization-2011\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"https://books.google.ch/books?id=iykoQQAACAAJ\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'denhardt-theoriesofpublicorganization-2011', 'https://books.google.ch/books?id=iykoQQAACAAJ', event);\">\n    Theories of Public Organization.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Denhardt, R.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  Wadsworth/Cengage Learning,  2011.\n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"https://books.google.ch/books?id=iykoQQAACAAJ\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('denhardt-theoriesofpublicorganization-2011', 'https://books.google.ch/books?id=iykoQQAACAAJ', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"Theories of Public Organization [link]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/denhardt-theoriesofpublicorganization-2011\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('denhardt-theoriesofpublicorganization-2011')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@book{denhardt_theories_2011,\n\ttitle = {Theories of {Public} {Organization}},\n\tisbn = {978-1-4390-8625-4},\n\turl = {https://books.google.ch/books?id=iykoQQAACAAJ},\n\tpublisher = {Wadsworth/Cengage Learning},\n\tauthor = {Denhardt, R.B.},\n\tyear = {2011},\n\tlccn = {2009943654},\n}\n\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"denhardt-theoriesofpublicorganization-2011\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"https://books.google.ch/books?id=iykoQQAACAAJ\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'denhardt-theoriesofpublicorganization-2011', 'https://books.google.ch/books?id=iykoQQAACAAJ', event);\">\n    Theories of Public Organization.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Denhardt, R.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  Wadsworth/Cengage Learning, Belmont, CA, 5 edition,  2011.\n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"https://books.google.ch/books?id=iykoQQAACAAJ\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('denhardt-theoriesofpublicorganization-2011', 'https://books.google.ch/books?id=iykoQQAACAAJ', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"Theories of Public Organization [link]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/denhardt-theoriesofpublicorganization-2011\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('denhardt-theoriesofpublicorganization-2011')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@book{denhardt_theories_2011,\n\taddress = {Belmont, CA},\n\tedition = {5},\n\ttitle = {Theories of {Public} {Organization}},\n\tisbn = {978-1-4390-8625-4},\n\turl = {https://books.google.ch/books?id=iykoQQAACAAJ},\n\tpublisher = {Wadsworth/Cengage Learning},\n\tauthor = {Denhardt, R.B.},\n\tyear = {2011},\n\tlccn = {2009943654},\n}\n\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"thomson-whisperingtruthtopowertheeverydayresistanceofrwandanpeasantstopostgenocidereconciliation-2011\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093/afraf/adr021\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'thomson-whisperingtruthtopowertheeverydayresistanceofrwandanpeasantstopostgenocidereconciliation-2011', 'https://doi.org/10.1093/afraf/adr021', event);\">\n    Whispering truth to power: The everyday resistance of Rwandan peasants to post-genocide reconciliation.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Thomson, S.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  <i>African Affairs</i>, 110(440): 439–456. July 2011.\n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093/afraf/adr021\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('thomson-whisperingtruthtopowertheeverydayresistanceofrwandanpeasantstopostgenocidereconciliation-2011', 'https://doi.org/10.1093/afraf/adr021', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"Whispering truth to power: The everyday resistance of Rwandan peasants to post-genocide reconciliation [link]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.org/10.1093/afraf/adr021\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('thomson-whisperingtruthtopowertheeverydayresistanceofrwandanpeasantstopostgenocidereconciliation-2011', 'http://doi.org/10.1093/afraf/adr021', event.ctrlKey)\"\n     class=\"bibbase doi link\">\n    <span>doi</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/thomson-whisperingtruthtopowertheeverydayresistanceofrwandanpeasantstopostgenocidereconciliation-2011\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('thomson-whisperingtruthtopowertheeverydayresistanceofrwandanpeasantstopostgenocidereconciliation-2011')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@article{thomson_whispering_2011,\n\ttitle = {Whispering truth to power: {The} everyday resistance of {Rwandan} peasants to post-genocide reconciliation},\n\tvolume = {110},\n\tissn = {0001-9909},\n\turl = {https://doi.org/10.1093/afraf/adr021},\n\tdoi = {10.1093/afraf/adr021},\n\tabstract = {The government in post-genocide Rwanda stakes its moral claim to legitimacy on a policy of national unity and reconciliation, claiming to create a ‘Rwanda for all Rwandans’. This article investigates peasant resistance to this policy. Focusing on everyday acts of resistance among the rural poor, it demonstrates that despite the appearance of widespread popular support, many peasant Rwandans consider the various mechanisms of national unity and reconciliation to be unjust and illegitimate. Obedience to the dictates of the policy of national unity is frequently tactical, rather than sincere, as peasants employ various strategies to avoid participation. Through a focus on everyday acts of resistance, the article reveals how the post-genocide state through the policy of national unity and reconciliation seeks to depoliticize peasant people by orchestrating public performances and by closing off the possibility for individuals to join together to organize politically.},\n\tnumber = {440},\n\turldate = {2024-12-08},\n\tjournal = {African Affairs},\n\tauthor = {Thomson, Susan},\n\tmonth = jul,\n\tyear = {2011},\n\tpages = {439--456},\n}\n\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  The government in post-genocide Rwanda stakes its moral claim to legitimacy on a policy of national unity and reconciliation, claiming to create a ‘Rwanda for all Rwandans’. This article investigates peasant resistance to this policy. Focusing on everyday acts of resistance among the rural poor, it demonstrates that despite the appearance of widespread popular support, many peasant Rwandans consider the various mechanisms of national unity and reconciliation to be unjust and illegitimate. Obedience to the dictates of the policy of national unity is frequently tactical, rather than sincere, as peasants employ various strategies to avoid participation. Through a focus on everyday acts of resistance, the article reveals how the post-genocide state through the policy of national unity and reconciliation seeks to depoliticize peasant people by orchestrating public performances and by closing off the possibility for individuals to join together to organize politically.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"pachirat-everytwelvesecondsindustrializedslaughterandthepoliticsofsight-2011\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"http://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt5vm69m\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'pachirat-everytwelvesecondsindustrializedslaughterandthepoliticsofsight-2011', 'http://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt5vm69m', event);\">\n    Every Twelve Seconds: Industrialized Slaughter and the Politics of Sight.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Pachirat, T.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  Yale University Press, New Haven, CT,  2011.\n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt5vm69m\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('pachirat-everytwelvesecondsindustrializedslaughterandthepoliticsofsight-2011', 'http://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt5vm69m', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"Every Twelve Seconds: Industrialized Slaughter and the Politics of Sight [link]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctt5vm69m\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('pachirat-everytwelvesecondsindustrializedslaughterandthepoliticsofsight-2011', 'http://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctt5vm69m', event.ctrlKey)\"\n     class=\"bibbase doi link\">\n    <span>doi</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/pachirat-everytwelvesecondsindustrializedslaughterandthepoliticsofsight-2011\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('pachirat-everytwelvesecondsindustrializedslaughterandthepoliticsofsight-2011')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@book{pachirat_every_2011,\n\taddress = {New Haven, CT},\n\ttitle = {Every {Twelve} {Seconds}: {Industrialized} {Slaughter} and the {Politics} of {Sight}},\n\tisbn = {978-0-300-15267-8},\n\turl = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt5vm69m},\n\tabstract = {This is an account of industrialized killing from a participant&#x27;s point of view. The author, political scientist Timothy Pachirat, was employed undercover for five months in a Great Plains slaughterhouse where 2,500 cattle were killed per day-one every twelve seconds. Working in the cooler as a liver hanger, in the chutes as a cattle driver, and on the kill floor as a food-safety quality-control worker, Pachirat experienced firsthand the realities of the work of killing in modern society. He uses those experiences to explore not only the slaughter industry but also how, as a society, we facilitate violent labor and hide away that which is too repugnant to contemplate./p pThrough his vivid narrative and ethnographic approach, Pachirat brings to life massive, routine killing from the perspective of those who take part in it. He shows how surveillance and sequestration operate within the slaughterhouse and in its interactions with the community at large. He also considers how society is organized to distance and hide uncomfortable realities from view. With much to say about issues ranging from the sociology of violence and modern food production to animal rights and welfare, emEvery Twelve Seconds/em is an important and disturbing work./p},\n\turldate = {2024-08-12},\n\tpublisher = {Yale University Press},\n\tauthor = {Pachirat, Timothy},\n\tyear = {2011},\n\tdoi = {10.2307/j.ctt5vm69m},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  This is an account of industrialized killing from a participant's point of view. The author, political scientist Timothy Pachirat, was employed undercover for five months in a Great Plains slaughterhouse where 2,500 cattle were killed per day-one every twelve seconds. Working in the cooler as a liver hanger, in the chutes as a cattle driver, and on the kill floor as a food-safety quality-control worker, Pachirat experienced firsthand the realities of the work of killing in modern society. He uses those experiences to explore not only the slaughter industry but also how, as a society, we facilitate violent labor and hide away that which is too repugnant to contemplate./p pThrough his vivid narrative and ethnographic approach, Pachirat brings to life massive, routine killing from the perspective of those who take part in it. He shows how surveillance and sequestration operate within the slaughterhouse and in its interactions with the community at large. He also considers how society is organized to distance and hide uncomfortable realities from view. With much to say about issues ranging from the sociology of violence and modern food production to animal rights and welfare, emEvery Twelve Seconds/em is an important and disturbing work./p\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"deneulin-rakodi-revisitingreligiondevelopmentstudiesthirtyyearson-2011\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0305750X10001269\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'deneulin-rakodi-revisitingreligiondevelopmentstudiesthirtyyearson-2011', 'https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0305750X10001269', event);\">\n    Revisiting Religion: Development Studies Thirty Years On.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Deneulin, S.;  and Rakodi, C.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  <i>World Development</i>, 39(1): 45–54. January 2011.\n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0305750X10001269\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('deneulin-rakodi-revisitingreligiondevelopmentstudiesthirtyyearson-2011', 'https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0305750X10001269', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"Revisiting Religion: Development Studies Thirty Years On [link]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2010.05.007\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('deneulin-rakodi-revisitingreligiondevelopmentstudiesthirtyyearson-2011', 'http://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2010.05.007', event.ctrlKey)\"\n     class=\"bibbase doi link\">\n    <span>doi</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/deneulin-rakodi-revisitingreligiondevelopmentstudiesthirtyyearson-2011\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('deneulin-rakodi-revisitingreligiondevelopmentstudiesthirtyyearson-2011')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@article{deneulin_revisiting_2011,\n\ttitle = {Revisiting {Religion}: {Development} {Studies} {Thirty} {Years} {On}},\n\tvolume = {39},\n\tissn = {0305-750X},\n\turl = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0305750X10001269},\n\tdoi = {10.1016/j.worlddev.2010.05.007},\n\tabstract = {Summary\nThis paper re-assesses the treatment of religion in development studies 30 years after the publication of a special issue of World Development on “Religion and Development”. Given the changes in the social and political context, consideration of the subject of religion can no longer be avoided. The paper identifies two implications of this for development studies. First, the assumptions of secularization and secularism that supposedly define the relationships between religion, society, and politics have to be revisited. Second, development studies must recognize that religion is dynamic and heterogeneous. Both development studies and religion are concerned with the meaning of “progress” or a “better life,” implying that attention has to be given to social and historical processes of meaning creation, requiring a shift from positivist to interpretivist research methods. The paper concludes by looking at how consideration of religion is transforming development studies.},\n\tnumber = {1},\n\tjournal = {World Development},\n\tauthor = {Deneulin, Séverine and Rakodi, Carole},\n\tmonth = jan,\n\tyear = {2011},\n\tkeywords = {faith-based organizations, religion, research methods, secularism},\n\tpages = {45--54},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  Summary This paper re-assesses the treatment of religion in development studies 30 years after the publication of a special issue of World Development on “Religion and Development”. Given the changes in the social and political context, consideration of the subject of religion can no longer be avoided. The paper identifies two implications of this for development studies. First, the assumptions of secularization and secularism that supposedly define the relationships between religion, society, and politics have to be revisited. Second, development studies must recognize that religion is dynamic and heterogeneous. Both development studies and religion are concerned with the meaning of “progress” or a “better life,” implying that attention has to be given to social and historical processes of meaning creation, requiring a shift from positivist to interpretivist research methods. The paper concludes by looking at how consideration of religion is transforming development studies.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"godrej-cosmopolitanpoliticalthoughtmethodpracticediscipline-2011\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199782062.001.0001\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'godrej-cosmopolitanpoliticalthoughtmethodpracticediscipline-2011', 'https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199782062.001.0001', event);\">\n    Cosmopolitan Political Thought: Method, Practice, Discipline.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Godrej, F.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK, October 2011.\n  <span class=\"note\">Google-Books-ID: qcQVDAAAQBAJ</span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199782062.001.0001\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('godrej-cosmopolitanpoliticalthoughtmethodpracticediscipline-2011', 'https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199782062.001.0001', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"Cosmopolitan Political Thought: Method, Practice, Discipline [link]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/godrej-cosmopolitanpoliticalthoughtmethodpracticediscipline-2011\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('godrej-cosmopolitanpoliticalthoughtmethodpracticediscipline-2011')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@book{godrej_cosmopolitan_2011,\n\taddress = {Oxford, UK},\n\ttitle = {Cosmopolitan {Political} {Thought}: {Method}, {Practice}, {Discipline}},\n\tisbn = {978-0-19-978207-9},\n\tshorttitle = {Cosmopolitan {Political} {Thought}},\n\turl = {https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199782062.001.0001},\n\tabstract = {Cosmopolitan Political Thought asks the question of what it might mean for the very practices of political theorizing to be cosmopolitan. It suggests that such a vision of political theory is intimately linked to methodological questions about what is commonly called comparative political theory - namely, the turn beyond ideas and modes of inquiry determined by traditional Western scholarship. It is therefore an argument for applying the idea of cosmopolitanism - understood in a particular way - to the discipline of political theory itself. As Farah Godrej argues, there are four crucial components of this cosmopolitan intervention: the texts under analysis, the methods for interpreting non-Western texts and ideas, the application of these ideas across geographical and cultural boundaries, and the deconstruction of Eurocentrism. In order to be genuinely cosmopolitan, Godrej states, political theorists must reflect on their perspectives inside and outside various traditions and immerse themselves in foreign ideas, languages, histories, and cultures - ultimately relocating themselves within their disciplinary homes. The result will be a serious challenge to accepted solutions to political life.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tpublisher = {Oxford University Press},\n\tauthor = {Godrej, Farah},\n\tmonth = oct,\n\tyear = {2011},\n\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: qcQVDAAAQBAJ},\n\tkeywords = {Philosophy / Political, Political Science / Comparative Politics, Political Science / History \\&amp; Theory, Political Science / International Relations / General, Religion / General},\n}\n\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  Cosmopolitan Political Thought asks the question of what it might mean for the very practices of political theorizing to be cosmopolitan. It suggests that such a vision of political theory is intimately linked to methodological questions about what is commonly called comparative political theory - namely, the turn beyond ideas and modes of inquiry determined by traditional Western scholarship. It is therefore an argument for applying the idea of cosmopolitanism - understood in a particular way - to the discipline of political theory itself. As Farah Godrej argues, there are four crucial components of this cosmopolitan intervention: the texts under analysis, the methods for interpreting non-Western texts and ideas, the application of these ideas across geographical and cultural boundaries, and the deconstruction of Eurocentrism. In order to be genuinely cosmopolitan, Godrej states, political theorists must reflect on their perspectives inside and outside various traditions and immerse themselves in foreign ideas, languages, histories, and cultures - ultimately relocating themselves within their disciplinary homes. The result will be a serious challenge to accepted solutions to political life.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n\n\n\n    </div>\n  </div>\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_group_whole\" id=\"group_2010\">\n    <div class=\"bibbase_group\"\n      onclick=\"toggleGroup('group_2010')\"\n      onkeypress=\"toggleGroup('group_2010')\"\n      tabindex=\"0\">\n      <i class=\"fa fa-angle-down bibbase_group_head_icon\"></i>&nbsp;\n      <span>2010</span>\n      <span class=\"bibbase_group_count\">\n        \n        (9)\n        \n      </span>\n    </div>\n    <div class=\"bibbase_group_body\">\n      \n  \n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"lipsky-streetlevelbureaucracy30thanniversaryeditiondilemmasoftheindividualinpublicservice-2010\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"https://www.russellsage.org/publications/street-level-bureaucracy\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'lipsky-streetlevelbureaucracy30thanniversaryeditiondilemmasoftheindividualinpublicservice-2010', 'https://www.russellsage.org/publications/street-level-bureaucracy', event);\">\n    Street-Level Bureaucracy, 30th Anniversary Edition: Dilemmas of the Individual in Public Service.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Lipsky, M.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  Russell Sage Foundation, New York, NY, April 2010.\n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"https://www.russellsage.org/publications/street-level-bureaucracy\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('lipsky-streetlevelbureaucracy30thanniversaryeditiondilemmasoftheindividualinpublicservice-2010', 'https://www.russellsage.org/publications/street-level-bureaucracy', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"Street-Level Bureaucracy, 30th Anniversary Edition: Dilemmas of the Individual in Public Service [link]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/lipsky-streetlevelbureaucracy30thanniversaryeditiondilemmasoftheindividualinpublicservice-2010\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('lipsky-streetlevelbureaucracy30thanniversaryeditiondilemmasoftheindividualinpublicservice-2010')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@book{lipsky_street-level_2010,\n\taddress = {New York, NY},\n\ttitle = {Street-{Level} {Bureaucracy}, 30th {Anniversary} {Edition}: {Dilemmas} of the {Individual} in {Public} {Service}},\n\tisbn = {978-1-61044-663-1},\n\tshorttitle = {Street-{Level} {Bureaucracy}, 30th {Anniversary} {Edition}},\n\turl = {https://www.russellsage.org/publications/street-level-bureaucracy},\n\tabstract = {First published in 1980, Street-Level Bureaucracy received critical acclaim for its insightful study of how public service workers, in effect, function as policy decision makers, as they wield their considerable discretion in the day-to-day implementation of public programs. Three decades later, the need to bolster the availability and effectiveness of healthcare, social services, education, and law enforcement is as urgent as ever. In this thirtieth anniversary expanded edition, Michael Lipsky revisits the territory he mapped out in the first edition to reflect on significant policy developments over the last several decades. Despite the difficulties of managing these front-line workers, he shows how street-level bureaucracies can be and regularly are brought into line with public purposes. Street-level bureaucrats—from teachers and police officers to social workers and legal-aid lawyers—interact directly with the public and so represent the frontlines of government policy. In Street-Level Bureaucracy, Lipsky argues that these relatively low-level public service employees labor under huge caseloads, ambiguous agency goals, and inadequate resources. When combined with substantial discretionary authority and the requirement to interpret policy on a case-by-case basis, the difference between government policy in theory and policy in practice can be substantial and troubling. The core dilemma of street-level bureaucrats is that they are supposed to help people or make decisions about them on the basis of individual cases, yet the structure of their jobs makes this impossible. Instead, they are forced to adopt practices such as rationing resources, screening applicants for qualities their organizations favor, &quot;rubberstamping&quot; applications, and routinizing client interactions by imposing the uniformities of mass processing on situations requiring human responsiveness. Occasionally, such strategies work out in favor of the client. But the cumulative effect of street-level decisions made on the basis of routines and simplifications about clients can reroute the intended direction of policy, undermining citizens&#x27; expectations of evenhanded treatment. This seminal, award-winning study tells a cautionary tale of how decisions made by overburdened workers translate into ad-hoc policy adaptations that impact peoples&#x27; lives and life opportunities. Lipsky maintains, however, that these problems are not insurmountable. Over the years, public managers have developed ways to bring street-level performance more in line with agency goals. This expanded edition of Street-Level Bureaucracy underscores that, despite its challenging nature, street-level work can be made to conform to higher expectations of public service.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tpublisher = {Russell Sage Foundation},\n\tauthor = {Lipsky, Michael},\n\tmonth = apr,\n\tyear = {2010},\n\tkeywords = {Business \\&amp; Economics / Economics / Microeconomics, Political Science / General, Political Science / Public Policy / General},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  First published in 1980, Street-Level Bureaucracy received critical acclaim for its insightful study of how public service workers, in effect, function as policy decision makers, as they wield their considerable discretion in the day-to-day implementation of public programs. Three decades later, the need to bolster the availability and effectiveness of healthcare, social services, education, and law enforcement is as urgent as ever. In this thirtieth anniversary expanded edition, Michael Lipsky revisits the territory he mapped out in the first edition to reflect on significant policy developments over the last several decades. Despite the difficulties of managing these front-line workers, he shows how street-level bureaucracies can be and regularly are brought into line with public purposes. Street-level bureaucrats—from teachers and police officers to social workers and legal-aid lawyers—interact directly with the public and so represent the frontlines of government policy. In Street-Level Bureaucracy, Lipsky argues that these relatively low-level public service employees labor under huge caseloads, ambiguous agency goals, and inadequate resources. When combined with substantial discretionary authority and the requirement to interpret policy on a case-by-case basis, the difference between government policy in theory and policy in practice can be substantial and troubling. The core dilemma of street-level bureaucrats is that they are supposed to help people or make decisions about them on the basis of individual cases, yet the structure of their jobs makes this impossible. Instead, they are forced to adopt practices such as rationing resources, screening applicants for qualities their organizations favor, \"rubberstamping\" applications, and routinizing client interactions by imposing the uniformities of mass processing on situations requiring human responsiveness. Occasionally, such strategies work out in favor of the client. But the cumulative effect of street-level decisions made on the basis of routines and simplifications about clients can reroute the intended direction of policy, undermining citizens' expectations of evenhanded treatment. This seminal, award-winning study tells a cautionary tale of how decisions made by overburdened workers translate into ad-hoc policy adaptations that impact peoples' lives and life opportunities. Lipsky maintains, however, that these problems are not insurmountable. Over the years, public managers have developed ways to bring street-level performance more in line with agency goals. This expanded edition of Street-Level Bureaucracy underscores that, despite its challenging nature, street-level work can be made to conform to higher expectations of public service.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"walsh-womensrightsindemocratizingstatesjustdebateandgenderjusticeinthepublicsphere-2010\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/womens-rights-in-democratizing-states/DD6468BCA0227C3DAF434002AB130189\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'walsh-womensrightsindemocratizingstatesjustdebateandgenderjusticeinthepublicsphere-2010', 'https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/womens-rights-in-democratizing-states/DD6468BCA0227C3DAF434002AB130189', event);\">\n    Women’s Rights in Democratizing States: Just Debate and Gender Justice in the Public Sphere.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Walsh, D. M.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK,  2010.\n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/womens-rights-in-democratizing-states/DD6468BCA0227C3DAF434002AB130189\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('walsh-womensrightsindemocratizingstatesjustdebateandgenderjusticeinthepublicsphere-2010', 'https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/womens-rights-in-democratizing-states/DD6468BCA0227C3DAF434002AB130189', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"Women’s Rights in Democratizing States: Just Debate and Gender Justice in the Public Sphere [link]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511782220\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('walsh-womensrightsindemocratizingstatesjustdebateandgenderjusticeinthepublicsphere-2010', 'http://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511782220', event.ctrlKey)\"\n     class=\"bibbase doi link\">\n    <span>doi</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/walsh-womensrightsindemocratizingstatesjustdebateandgenderjusticeinthepublicsphere-2010\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('walsh-womensrightsindemocratizingstatesjustdebateandgenderjusticeinthepublicsphere-2010')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@book{walsh_womens_2010,\n\taddress = {Cambridge, UK},\n\ttitle = {Women’s {Rights} in {Democratizing} {States}: {Just} {Debate} and {Gender} {Justice} in the {Public} {Sphere}},\n\tisbn = {978-1-107-00191-6},\n\tshorttitle = {Women’s {Rights} in {Democratizing} {States}},\n\turl = {https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/womens-rights-in-democratizing-states/DD6468BCA0227C3DAF434002AB130189},\n\tabstract = {This study offers an explanation for why advances in women&#x27;s rights rarely occur in democratizing states. Drawing on deliberative theory, Denise Walsh argues that the leading institutions in the public sphere are highly gendered, meaning women&#x27;s ability to shape the content of public debate and put pressure on the state to advance their rights is limited. She tests this claim by measuring the openness and inclusiveness of debate conditions in the public sphere during select time periods in Poland, Chile and South Africa. Through a series of structured, focused comparisons, the book confirms the importance of just debate for securing gender justice. The comparisons also reveal that counter publics in the leading institutions in the public sphere are crucial for expanding debate conditions. The book concludes with an analysis of counter publics and suggests an active role for the state in the public sphere.},\n\turldate = {2024-08-12},\n\tpublisher = {Cambridge University Press},\n\tauthor = {Walsh, Denise M.},\n\tyear = {2010},\n\tdoi = {10.1017/CBO9780511782220},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  This study offers an explanation for why advances in women's rights rarely occur in democratizing states. Drawing on deliberative theory, Denise Walsh argues that the leading institutions in the public sphere are highly gendered, meaning women's ability to shape the content of public debate and put pressure on the state to advance their rights is limited. She tests this claim by measuring the openness and inclusiveness of debate conditions in the public sphere during select time periods in Poland, Chile and South Africa. Through a series of structured, focused comparisons, the book confirms the importance of just debate for securing gender justice. The comparisons also reveal that counter publics in the leading institutions in the public sphere are crucial for expanding debate conditions. The book concludes with an analysis of counter publics and suggests an active role for the state in the public sphere.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"thomson-gettingclosetorwandanssincethegenocidestudyingeverydaylifeinhighlypoliticizedresearchsettings-2010\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"https://www.jstor.org/stable/40930964\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'thomson-gettingclosetorwandanssincethegenocidestudyingeverydaylifeinhighlypoliticizedresearchsettings-2010', 'https://www.jstor.org/stable/40930964', event);\">\n    Getting Close to Rwandans since the Genocide: Studying Everyday Life in Highly Politicized Research Settings.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Thomson, S.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  <i>African Studies Review</i>, 53(3): 19–34.  2010.\n  <span class=\"note\">Publisher: Cambridge University Press</span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"https://www.jstor.org/stable/40930964\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('thomson-gettingclosetorwandanssincethegenocidestudyingeverydaylifeinhighlypoliticizedresearchsettings-2010', 'https://www.jstor.org/stable/40930964', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"Getting Close to Rwandans since the Genocide: Studying Everyday Life in Highly Politicized Research Settings [link]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/thomson-gettingclosetorwandanssincethegenocidestudyingeverydaylifeinhighlypoliticizedresearchsettings-2010\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('thomson-gettingclosetorwandanssincethegenocidestudyingeverydaylifeinhighlypoliticizedresearchsettings-2010')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@article{thomson_getting_2010,\n\ttitle = {Getting {Close} to {Rwandans} since the {Genocide}: {Studying} {Everyday} {Life} in {Highly} {Politicized} {Research} {Settings}},\n\tvolume = {53},\n\tissn = {0002-0206},\n\tshorttitle = {Getting {Close} to {Rwandans} since the {Genocide}},\n\turl = {https://www.jstor.org/stable/40930964},\n\tabstract = {Research with people in highly politicized research settings illuminates the gap between the images that most African governments strive to represent and the sociopolitical realities of everyday life. This article discusses the opportunities and challenges of doing research in postgenocide Rwanda and is a useful resource for researchers contemplating their own projects under such conditions, whether in Rwanda or elsewhere. It discusses the importance of creating personal relationships and meeting people on their terms, as well as such topics as the identification of the research site, building rapport and trust with respondents, safeguarding anonymity and confidentiality, and working with local research assistants and partners. La recherche menée avec des collègues dans des milieux de recherche hautement politisés met en lumière l&#x27;écart entre l&#x27;image que la plupart des gouvernements africains veulent se donner et les réalités socio-économiques de la vie courante. L&#x27;article examine les opportunités et les difficultés liées à la recherche menée au Rwanda à la suite du génocide, et se veut une source première utile pour les chercheurs contemplant leurs propres projets dans de telles conditions, que ce soit au Rwanda ou ailleurs. L&#x27;article contemple l&#x27;importance de créer des liens personnels avec les sujets de la recherche; de travailler avec des partenaires et un assistant de recherche locaux ; d&#x27;organiser des rencontres avec des gens ordinaires selon leurs propres termes, y compris le choix des sites de recherche, et l&#x27;établissement d&#x27;un rapport de confiance avec les personnes interrogées pour protéger l&#x27;anonymat et la confidentialité de ceux-ci.},\n\tnumber = {3},\n\turldate = {2024-08-12},\n\tjournal = {African Studies Review},\n\tauthor = {Thomson, Susan},\n\tyear = {2010},\n\tnote = {Publisher: Cambridge University Press},\n\tpages = {19--34},\n}\n\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  Research with people in highly politicized research settings illuminates the gap between the images that most African governments strive to represent and the sociopolitical realities of everyday life. This article discusses the opportunities and challenges of doing research in postgenocide Rwanda and is a useful resource for researchers contemplating their own projects under such conditions, whether in Rwanda or elsewhere. It discusses the importance of creating personal relationships and meeting people on their terms, as well as such topics as the identification of the research site, building rapport and trust with respondents, safeguarding anonymity and confidentiality, and working with local research assistants and partners. La recherche menée avec des collègues dans des milieux de recherche hautement politisés met en lumière l'écart entre l'image que la plupart des gouvernements africains veulent se donner et les réalités socio-économiques de la vie courante. L'article examine les opportunités et les difficultés liées à la recherche menée au Rwanda à la suite du génocide, et se veut une source première utile pour les chercheurs contemplant leurs propres projets dans de telles conditions, que ce soit au Rwanda ou ailleurs. L'article contemple l'importance de créer des liens personnels avec les sujets de la recherche; de travailler avec des partenaires et un assistant de recherche locaux ; d'organiser des rencontres avec des gens ordinaires selon leurs propres termes, y compris le choix des sites de recherche, et l'établissement d'un rapport de confiance avec les personnes interrogées pour protéger l'anonymat et la confidentialité de ceux-ci.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"shehata-shopfloorcultureandpoliticsinegypt-2010\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"https://sunypress.edu/Books/S/Shop-Floor-Culture-and-Politics-in-Egypt\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'shehata-shopfloorcultureandpoliticsinegypt-2010', 'https://sunypress.edu/Books/S/Shop-Floor-Culture-and-Politics-in-Egypt', event);\">\n    Shop Floor Culture and Politics in Egypt.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Shehata, S. S.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  SUNY Press, Albany, NY,  2010.\n  <span class=\"note\">Google-Books-ID: SC72CwAAQBAJ</span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"https://sunypress.edu/Books/S/Shop-Floor-Culture-and-Politics-in-Egypt\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('shehata-shopfloorcultureandpoliticsinegypt-2010', 'https://sunypress.edu/Books/S/Shop-Floor-Culture-and-Politics-in-Egypt', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"Shop Floor Culture and Politics in Egypt [link]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/shehata-shopfloorcultureandpoliticsinegypt-2010\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('shehata-shopfloorcultureandpoliticsinegypt-2010')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@book{shehata_shop_2010,\n\taddress = {Albany, NY},\n\ttitle = {Shop {Floor} {Culture} and {Politics} in {Egypt}},\n\tisbn = {978-1-4384-2849-9},\n\turl = {https://sunypress.edu/Books/S/Shop-Floor-Culture-and-Politics-in-Egypt},\n\tabstract = {Ethnographic study of textile factory workers in Alexandria, Egypt.In Shop Floor Culture and Politics in Egypt, Samer S. Shehata provides us with a unique and detailed ethnographic portrait of life within two large textile factories in Alexandria, Egypt. Working for nearly a year as a “winding machine operator” provided Shehata with unprecedented access to workers at the point of production and the activities of the work hall. He argues that the social organization of production in the factories—including company rules and procedures, hierarchy, and relations of authority—and shop floor culture profoundly shape what it means to be a “worker” and how this identity is understood. Shehata reveals how economic relations inside the factory are simultaneously relations of significance and meaning, and how the production of wool and cotton textiles is, at the same time, the production of categories of identity, patterns of human interaction, and understandings of the self and others.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tpublisher = {SUNY Press},\n\tauthor = {Shehata, Samer S.},\n\tyear = {2010},\n\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: SC72CwAAQBAJ},\n\tkeywords = {Political Science / Political Economy, Social Science / Anthropology / Cultural \\&amp; Social, Social Science / Developing \\&amp; Emerging Countries},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  Ethnographic study of textile factory workers in Alexandria, Egypt.In Shop Floor Culture and Politics in Egypt, Samer S. Shehata provides us with a unique and detailed ethnographic portrait of life within two large textile factories in Alexandria, Egypt. Working for nearly a year as a “winding machine operator” provided Shehata with unprecedented access to workers at the point of production and the activities of the work hall. He argues that the social organization of production in the factories—including company rules and procedures, hierarchy, and relations of authority—and shop floor culture profoundly shape what it means to be a “worker” and how this identity is understood. Shehata reveals how economic relations inside the factory are simultaneously relations of significance and meaning, and how the production of wool and cotton textiles is, at the same time, the production of categories of identity, patterns of human interaction, and understandings of the self and others.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"fujii-shadesoftruthandliesinterpretingtestimoniesofwarandviolence-2010\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1177/0022343309353097\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'fujii-shadesoftruthandliesinterpretingtestimoniesofwarandviolence-2010', 'https://doi.org/10.1177/0022343309353097', event);\">\n    Shades of truth and lies: Interpreting testimonies of war and violence.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Fujii, L. A.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  <i>Journal of Peace Research</i>, 47(2): 231–241. March 2010.\n  <span class=\"note\">Publisher: SAGE Publications Ltd</span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1177/0022343309353097\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('fujii-shadesoftruthandliesinterpretingtestimoniesofwarandviolence-2010', 'https://doi.org/10.1177/0022343309353097', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"Shades of truth and lies: Interpreting testimonies of war and violence [link]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.org/10.1177/0022343309353097\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('fujii-shadesoftruthandliesinterpretingtestimoniesofwarandviolence-2010', 'http://doi.org/10.1177/0022343309353097', event.ctrlKey)\"\n     class=\"bibbase doi link\">\n    <span>doi</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/fujii-shadesoftruthandliesinterpretingtestimoniesofwarandviolence-2010\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('fujii-shadesoftruthandliesinterpretingtestimoniesofwarandviolence-2010')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@article{fujii_shades_2010,\n\ttitle = {Shades of truth and lies: {Interpreting} testimonies of war and violence},\n\tvolume = {47},\n\tissn = {0022-3433},\n\tshorttitle = {Shades of truth and lies},\n\turl = {https://doi.org/10.1177/0022343309353097},\n\tdoi = {10.1177/0022343309353097},\n\tabstract = {How should researchers treat questions of veracity when conducting interviews in settings rent by large-scale violence, such as war and genocide? To what extent should researchers trust narratives that are generated in politically sensitive contexts? The article argues that the value of narrative data does not lie solely in their truthfulness or accuracy; it also lies in the meta-data that accompany these testimonies. Meta-data are informants’ spoken and unspoken thoughts and feelings which they do not always articulate in their stories or interview responses, but which emerge in other ways. This article identifies and analyzes five types of meta-data: rumors, inventions, denials, evasions, and silences. The article argues that meta-data are not extraneous to our datasets, they are data and should be viewed as integral to the processes of data collection and analysis. Meta-data indicate how conditions in the present shape what people are willing to say about violence in the past, what they have reason to embellish or minimize, and what they prefer to keep to themselves. Attending to meta-data is important for responding to informants’ fears about talking to a researcher and to ensure informants’ safety after the researcher leaves the field. It is also crucial for the robustness of researchers’ theories and knowledge about political violence and other political phenomena. The article draws from the author’s nine months of fieldwork in Rwanda in 2004, as well as the literature on conflict and violence from political science, anthropology, history, and sociology.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {2},\n\turldate = {2024-08-11},\n\tjournal = {Journal of Peace Research},\n\tauthor = {Fujii, Lee Ann},\n\tmonth = mar,\n\tyear = {2010},\n\tnote = {Publisher: SAGE Publications Ltd},\n\tpages = {231--241},\n}\n\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  How should researchers treat questions of veracity when conducting interviews in settings rent by large-scale violence, such as war and genocide? To what extent should researchers trust narratives that are generated in politically sensitive contexts? The article argues that the value of narrative data does not lie solely in their truthfulness or accuracy; it also lies in the meta-data that accompany these testimonies. Meta-data are informants’ spoken and unspoken thoughts and feelings which they do not always articulate in their stories or interview responses, but which emerge in other ways. This article identifies and analyzes five types of meta-data: rumors, inventions, denials, evasions, and silences. The article argues that meta-data are not extraneous to our datasets, they are data and should be viewed as integral to the processes of data collection and analysis. Meta-data indicate how conditions in the present shape what people are willing to say about violence in the past, what they have reason to embellish or minimize, and what they prefer to keep to themselves. Attending to meta-data is important for responding to informants’ fears about talking to a researcher and to ensure informants’ safety after the researcher leaves the field. It is also crucial for the robustness of researchers’ theories and knowledge about political violence and other political phenomena. The article draws from the author’s nine months of fieldwork in Rwanda in 2004, as well as the literature on conflict and violence from political science, anthropology, history, and sociology.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"autesserre-thetroublewiththecongolocalviolenceandthefailureofinternationalpeacebuilding-2010\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/trouble-with-the-congo/7BB825CE2132698D505F0A11B04A01B5\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'autesserre-thetroublewiththecongolocalviolenceandthefailureofinternationalpeacebuilding-2010', 'https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/trouble-with-the-congo/7BB825CE2132698D505F0A11B04A01B5', event);\">\n    The Trouble with the Congo: Local Violence and the Failure of International Peacebuilding.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Autesserre, S.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n   of Cambridge Studies in International RelationsCambridge University Press, Cambridge,  2010.\n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/trouble-with-the-congo/7BB825CE2132698D505F0A11B04A01B5\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('autesserre-thetroublewiththecongolocalviolenceandthefailureofinternationalpeacebuilding-2010', 'https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/trouble-with-the-congo/7BB825CE2132698D505F0A11B04A01B5', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"The Trouble with the Congo: Local Violence and the Failure of International Peacebuilding [link]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511761034\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('autesserre-thetroublewiththecongolocalviolenceandthefailureofinternationalpeacebuilding-2010', 'http://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511761034', event.ctrlKey)\"\n     class=\"bibbase doi link\">\n    <span>doi</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/autesserre-thetroublewiththecongolocalviolenceandthefailureofinternationalpeacebuilding-2010\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('autesserre-thetroublewiththecongolocalviolenceandthefailureofinternationalpeacebuilding-2010')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@book{autesserre_trouble_2010,\n\taddress = {Cambridge},\n\tseries = {Cambridge {Studies} in {International} {Relations}},\n\ttitle = {The {Trouble} with the {Congo}: {Local} {Violence} and the {Failure} of {International} {Peacebuilding}},\n\tisbn = {978-0-521-19100-5},\n\tshorttitle = {The {Trouble} with the {Congo}},\n\turl = {https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/trouble-with-the-congo/7BB825CE2132698D505F0A11B04A01B5},\n\tabstract = {The Trouble with the Congo suggests a new explanation for international peacebuilding failures in civil wars. Drawing from more than 330 interviews and a year and a half of field research, it develops a case study of the international intervention during the Democratic Republic of the Congo&#x27;s unsuccessful transition from war to peace and democracy (2003–6). Grassroots rivalries over land, resources, and political power motivated widespread violence. However, a dominant peacebuilding culture shaped the intervention strategy in a way that precluded action on local conflicts, ultimately dooming the international efforts to end the deadliest conflict since World War II. Most international actors interpreted continued fighting as the consequence of national and regional tensions alone. UN staff and diplomats viewed intervention at the macro levels as their only legitimate responsibility. The dominant culture constructed local peacebuilding as such an unimportant, unfamiliar, and unmanageable task that neither shocking events nor resistance from select individuals could convince international actors to reevaluate their understanding of violence and intervention.},\n\turldate = {2024-08-09},\n\tpublisher = {Cambridge University Press},\n\tauthor = {Autesserre, Séverine},\n\tyear = {2010},\n\tdoi = {10.1017/CBO9780511761034},\n}\n\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  The Trouble with the Congo suggests a new explanation for international peacebuilding failures in civil wars. Drawing from more than 330 interviews and a year and a half of field research, it develops a case study of the international intervention during the Democratic Republic of the Congo's unsuccessful transition from war to peace and democracy (2003–6). Grassroots rivalries over land, resources, and political power motivated widespread violence. However, a dominant peacebuilding culture shaped the intervention strategy in a way that precluded action on local conflicts, ultimately dooming the international efforts to end the deadliest conflict since World War II. Most international actors interpreted continued fighting as the consequence of national and regional tensions alone. UN staff and diplomats viewed intervention at the macro levels as their only legitimate responsibility. The dominant culture constructed local peacebuilding as such an unimportant, unfamiliar, and unmanageable task that neither shocking events nor resistance from select individuals could convince international actors to reevaluate their understanding of violence and intervention.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"wedeen-reflectionsonethnographicworkinpoliticalscience-2010\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"https://www.annualreviews.org/content/journals/10.1146/annurev.polisci.11.052706.123951\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'wedeen-reflectionsonethnographicworkinpoliticalscience-2010', 'https://www.annualreviews.org/content/journals/10.1146/annurev.polisci.11.052706.123951', event);\">\n    Reflections on Ethnographic Work in Political Science.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Wedeen, L.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  <i>Annual Review of Political Science</i>, 13(Volume 13, 2010): 255–272. June 2010.\n  <span class=\"note\">Publisher: Annual Reviews</span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"https://www.annualreviews.org/content/journals/10.1146/annurev.polisci.11.052706.123951\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('wedeen-reflectionsonethnographicworkinpoliticalscience-2010', 'https://www.annualreviews.org/content/journals/10.1146/annurev.polisci.11.052706.123951', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"Reflections on Ethnographic Work in Political Science [link]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.polisci.11.052706.123951\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('wedeen-reflectionsonethnographicworkinpoliticalscience-2010', 'http://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.polisci.11.052706.123951', event.ctrlKey)\"\n     class=\"bibbase doi link\">\n    <span>doi</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/wedeen-reflectionsonethnographicworkinpoliticalscience-2010\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('wedeen-reflectionsonethnographicworkinpoliticalscience-2010')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@article{wedeen_reflections_2010,\n\ttitle = {Reflections on {Ethnographic} {Work} in {Political} {Science}},\n\tvolume = {13},\n\tissn = {1094-2939, 1545-1577},\n\turl = {https://www.annualreviews.org/content/journals/10.1146/annurev.polisci.11.052706.123951},\n\tdoi = {10.1146/annurev.polisci.11.052706.123951},\n\tabstract = {The objectivist truth claims traditionally pressed by most political scientists have made the use of ethnographic methods particularly fraught in the discipline. This article explores what ethnography as a method entails. It makes distinctions between positivist and interpretivist ethnographies and highlights some of the substantive contributions ethnography has made to the study of politics. Lamenting the discipline\\&amp;apos;s abandonment of a conversation with anthropology after Geertz, this review also insists on moving beyond the anthropological controversies so powerfully expressed in the edited volume Writing Culture (1986) and other texts of the 1980s and 1990s. I contend that interpretive social science does not have to forswear generalizations or causal explanations and that ethnographic methods can be used in the service of establishing them. Rather than fleeing from abstractions, ethnographies can and should help ground them.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {Volume 13, 2010},\n\turldate = {2024-08-08},\n\tjournal = {Annual Review of Political Science},\n\tauthor = {Wedeen, Lisa},\n\tmonth = jun,\n\tyear = {2010},\n\tnote = {Publisher: Annual Reviews},\n\tpages = {255--272},\n}\n\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  The objectivist truth claims traditionally pressed by most political scientists have made the use of ethnographic methods particularly fraught in the discipline. This article explores what ethnography as a method entails. It makes distinctions between positivist and interpretivist ethnographies and highlights some of the substantive contributions ethnography has made to the study of politics. Lamenting the discipline&apos;s abandonment of a conversation with anthropology after Geertz, this review also insists on moving beyond the anthropological controversies so powerfully expressed in the edited volume Writing Culture (1986) and other texts of the 1980s and 1990s. I contend that interpretive social science does not have to forswear generalizations or causal explanations and that ethnographic methods can be used in the service of establishing them. Rather than fleeing from abstractions, ethnographies can and should help ground them.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"jackson-theconductofinquiryininternationalrelationsphilosophyofscienceanditsimplicationsforthestudyofworldpolitics-2010\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203843321\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'jackson-theconductofinquiryininternationalrelationsphilosophyofscienceanditsimplicationsforthestudyofworldpolitics-2010', 'https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203843321', event);\">\n    The Conduct of Inquiry in International Relations: Philosophy of Science and Its Implications for the Study of World Politics.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Jackson, P. T.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  Routledge, London, UK, July 2010.\n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203843321\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('jackson-theconductofinquiryininternationalrelationsphilosophyofscienceanditsimplicationsforthestudyofworldpolitics-2010', 'https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203843321', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"The Conduct of Inquiry in International Relations: Philosophy of Science and Its Implications for the Study of World Politics [link]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.org/10.4324/9780203843321\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('jackson-theconductofinquiryininternationalrelationsphilosophyofscienceanditsimplicationsforthestudyofworldpolitics-2010', 'http://doi.org/10.4324/9780203843321', event.ctrlKey)\"\n     class=\"bibbase doi link\">\n    <span>doi</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/jackson-theconductofinquiryininternationalrelationsphilosophyofscienceanditsimplicationsforthestudyofworldpolitics-2010\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('jackson-theconductofinquiryininternationalrelationsphilosophyofscienceanditsimplicationsforthestudyofworldpolitics-2010')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@book{jackson_conduct_2010,\n\taddress = {London, UK},\n\ttitle = {The {Conduct} of {Inquiry} in {International} {Relations}: {Philosophy} of {Science} and {Its} {Implications} for the {Study} of {World} {Politics}},\n\tisbn = {978-0-203-84332-1},\n\tshorttitle = {The {Conduct} of {Inquiry} in {International} {Relations}},\n\turl = {https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203843321},\n\tabstract = {This volume ws the winner of The International Studies Association Theory Section Book Award 2013, presented by the International Studies Association},\n\tpublisher = {Routledge},\n\tauthor = {Jackson, Patrick Thaddeus},\n\tmonth = jul,\n\tyear = {2010},\n\tdoi = {10.4324/9780203843321},\n}\n\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  This volume ws the winner of The International Studies Association Theory Section Book Award 2013, presented by the International Studies Association\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"khalili-schwedler-policingandprisonsinthemiddleeastformationsofcoercion-2010\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  Policing and Prisons in the Middle East: Formations of Coercion.\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Khalili, L.;  and Schwedler, J.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  Hurst Publishers,  2010.\n  <span class=\"note\">Google-Books-ID: 5iLwWWrPmJIC</span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/khalili-schwedler-policingandprisonsinthemiddleeastformationsofcoercion-2010\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('khalili-schwedler-policingandprisonsinthemiddleeastformationsofcoercion-2010')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@book{khalili_policing_2010,\n\ttitle = {Policing and {Prisons} in the {Middle} {East}: {Formations} of {Coercion}},\n\tisbn = {978-1-84904-058-7},\n\tshorttitle = {Policing and {Prisons} in the {Middle} {East}},\n\tabstract = {The emergence of the modern Middle East has been accompanied by a concentration of coercive power in the state. Although the region has encompassed numerous Mukhabarat (secret police) states, extensive policing and carceral regimes, and widespread use of torture and spectacular punishments, and although its prisons and policing practices are regularly condemned by human rights organisations, surprisingly few analyses explore the emergence of these grim institutions. This volume is the first to examine systematically practices of policing and incarceration in the modern Middle East, the emergence of modern policing and prisons and their continued predominance. It offers a useful lens through which the complexity of state power and the contours of popular contentious politics can be read.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tpublisher = {Hurst Publishers},\n\tauthor = {Khalili, Laleh and Schwedler, Jillian},\n\tyear = {2010},\n\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: 5iLwWWrPmJIC},\n\tkeywords = {Political Science / Law Enforcement, Political Science / Political Freedom, Political Science / World / African, Political Science / World / Middle Eastern, Social Science / General, Social Science / Penology, Social Science / Sociology / General},\n}\n\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  The emergence of the modern Middle East has been accompanied by a concentration of coercive power in the state. Although the region has encompassed numerous Mukhabarat (secret police) states, extensive policing and carceral regimes, and widespread use of torture and spectacular punishments, and although its prisons and policing practices are regularly condemned by human rights organisations, surprisingly few analyses explore the emergence of these grim institutions. This volume is the first to examine systematically practices of policing and incarceration in the modern Middle East, the emergence of modern policing and prisons and their continued predominance. It offers a useful lens through which the complexity of state power and the contours of popular contentious politics can be read.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n\n\n\n    </div>\n  </div>\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_group_whole\" id=\"group_2009\">\n    <div class=\"bibbase_group\"\n      onclick=\"toggleGroup('group_2009')\"\n      onkeypress=\"toggleGroup('group_2009')\"\n      tabindex=\"0\">\n      <i class=\"fa fa-angle-down bibbase_group_head_icon\"></i>&nbsp;\n      <span>2009</span>\n      <span class=\"bibbase_group_count\">\n        \n        (11)\n        \n      </span>\n    </div>\n    <div class=\"bibbase_group_body\">\n      \n  \n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"yanow-schwartzshea-nsfworkshoponinterpretivemethodologiesinpoliticalscience-2009\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  NSF Workshop on Interpretive Methodologies in Political Science.\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Yanow, D.;  and Schwartz-Shea, P.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  September 2009.\n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/yanow-schwartzshea-nsfworkshoponinterpretivemethodologiesinpoliticalscience-2009\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('yanow-schwartzshea-nsfworkshoponinterpretivemethodologiesinpoliticalscience-2009')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@misc{yanow_nsf_2009,\n\ttitle = {{NSF} {Workshop} on {Interpretive} {Methodologies} in {Political} {Science}},\n\tabstract = {Handout for Yanow \\&amp; Schwartz-Shea, Tuesday afternoon session on Interpretive approaches to public policy and public administration},\n\tauthor = {Yanow, Dvora and Schwartz-Shea, Peregrine},\n\tmonth = sep,\n\tyear = {2009},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  Handout for Yanow & Schwartz-Shea, Tuesday afternoon session on Interpretive approaches to public policy and public administration\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"fischer-democracyandexpertisereorientingpolicyinquiry-2009\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  Democracy and Expertise: Reorienting Policy Inquiry.\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Fischer, F.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  Oxford University Press, NY,  2009.\n  <span class=\"note\">Google-Books-ID: Dem4OAAACAAJ</span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/fischer-democracyandexpertisereorientingpolicyinquiry-2009\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('fischer-democracyandexpertisereorientingpolicyinquiry-2009')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@book{fischer_democracy_2009,\n\taddress = {NY},\n\ttitle = {Democracy and {Expertise}: {Reorienting} {Policy} {Inquiry}},\n\tisbn = {978-0-19-956524-5},\n\tshorttitle = {Democracy and {Expertise}},\n\tabstract = {This book explores the role of policy expertise in a democratic society. From the perspectives of political science and policy theory, the chapters examine the implications of deliberative democratic governance for professional expertise and extends them to specific policy practices. Following the earlier lead of John Dewey, the discussion focuses in particular on the ways professional practices might be reoriented to assist citizens in understanding and discussing the complex policy issues of an advanced technological society. In doing so, it also explores how public deliberation can be improved through more cooperative forms of policy inquiry.  Adopting a deliberative-analytic approach to policy inquiry, grounded in a postempiricist, constructivist understanding of inquiry and knowledge and the participatory practices that support such an approach, the chapters draw on thriving theoretical and practical work dedicated to revitalizing the citizen&#x27;s role in both civil society and newer practices of democratic governance-in particular deliberative democracy, practical work with deliberative experiments, the theory and practices of democratic governance, and participatory research. Deliberative practices are promoted here as a new component part of policy-related disciplines required for participatory governance. Calling for a specialization of &quot;policy epistemics&quot; to advance such practices, the second half of the book takes up issues related to deliberative empowerment, including the relation of technical and social knowledge, the interpretive dimensions of social meaning and multiple realities, the role of narrative knowledge and storylines, policy inquiry, social learning, tacit knowledge, the design of discursive spaces, and the place of emotional expression in public deliberation.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tpublisher = {Oxford University Press},\n\tauthor = {Fischer, Frank},\n\tyear = {2009},\n\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: Dem4OAAACAAJ},\n\tkeywords = {Political Science / General, Political Science / History \\&amp; Theory, Political Science / Political Ideologies / Democracy, Political Science / Public Affairs \\&amp; Administration, Political Science / Public Policy / General, Social Science / Sociology / General},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  This book explores the role of policy expertise in a democratic society. From the perspectives of political science and policy theory, the chapters examine the implications of deliberative democratic governance for professional expertise and extends them to specific policy practices. Following the earlier lead of John Dewey, the discussion focuses in particular on the ways professional practices might be reoriented to assist citizens in understanding and discussing the complex policy issues of an advanced technological society. In doing so, it also explores how public deliberation can be improved through more cooperative forms of policy inquiry. Adopting a deliberative-analytic approach to policy inquiry, grounded in a postempiricist, constructivist understanding of inquiry and knowledge and the participatory practices that support such an approach, the chapters draw on thriving theoretical and practical work dedicated to revitalizing the citizen's role in both civil society and newer practices of democratic governance-in particular deliberative democracy, practical work with deliberative experiments, the theory and practices of democratic governance, and participatory research. Deliberative practices are promoted here as a new component part of policy-related disciplines required for participatory governance. Calling for a specialization of \"policy epistemics\" to advance such practices, the second half of the book takes up issues related to deliberative empowerment, including the relation of technical and social knowledge, the interpretive dimensions of social meaning and multiple realities, the role of narrative knowledge and storylines, policy inquiry, social learning, tacit knowledge, the design of discursive spaces, and the place of emotional expression in public deliberation.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"polanyi-thetacitdimension-2009\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"https://press.uchicago.edu/ucp/books/book/chicago/T/bo6035368.html\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'polanyi-thetacitdimension-2009', 'https://press.uchicago.edu/ucp/books/book/chicago/T/bo6035368.html', event);\">\n    The Tacit Dimension.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Polanyi, M.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  University of Chicago Press, Chicago, IL, May 2009.\n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"https://press.uchicago.edu/ucp/books/book/chicago/T/bo6035368.html\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('polanyi-thetacitdimension-2009', 'https://press.uchicago.edu/ucp/books/book/chicago/T/bo6035368.html', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"The Tacit Dimension [link]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/polanyi-thetacitdimension-2009\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('polanyi-thetacitdimension-2009')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@book{polanyi_tacit_2009,\n\taddress = {Chicago, IL},\n\ttitle = {The {Tacit} {Dimension}},\n\tisbn = {978-0-226-67298-4},\n\turl = {https://press.uchicago.edu/ucp/books/book/chicago/T/bo6035368.html},\n\tabstract = {“I shall reconsider human knowledge by starting from the fact that we can know more than we can tell,” writes Michael Polanyi, whose work paved the way for the likes of Thomas Kuhn and Karl Popper. The Tacit Dimension argues that tacit knowledge—tradition, inherited practices, implied values, and prejudgments—is a crucial part of scientific knowledge. Back in print for a new generation of students and scholars, this volume challenges the assumption that skepticism, rather than established belief, lies at the heart of scientific discovery.“Polanyi’s work deserves serious attention. . . . [This is a] compact presentation of some of the essentials of his thought.”—Review of Metaphysics“Polanyi’s work is still relevant today and a closer examination of this theory that all knowledge has personal and tacit elements . . . can be used to support and refute a variety of widely held approaches to knowledge management.”—Electronic Journal of Knowledge&quot;The reissuing of this remarkable book give us a new opportunity to see how far-reaching—and foundational—Michael Polanyi’s ideas are, on some of the age-old questions in philosophy.&quot;—Amartya Sen, from the new Foreword},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\turldate = {2024-08-13},\n\tpublisher = {University of Chicago Press},\n\tauthor = {Polanyi, Michael},\n\teditor = {Sen, Amartya},\n\tmonth = may,\n\tyear = {2009},\n}\n\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  “I shall reconsider human knowledge by starting from the fact that we can know more than we can tell,” writes Michael Polanyi, whose work paved the way for the likes of Thomas Kuhn and Karl Popper. The Tacit Dimension argues that tacit knowledge—tradition, inherited practices, implied values, and prejudgments—is a crucial part of scientific knowledge. Back in print for a new generation of students and scholars, this volume challenges the assumption that skepticism, rather than established belief, lies at the heart of scientific discovery.“Polanyi’s work deserves serious attention. . . . [This is a] compact presentation of some of the essentials of his thought.”—Review of Metaphysics“Polanyi’s work is still relevant today and a closer examination of this theory that all knowledge has personal and tacit elements . . . can be used to support and refute a variety of widely held approaches to knowledge management.”—Electronic Journal of Knowledge\"The reissuing of this remarkable book give us a new opportunity to see how far-reaching—and foundational—Michael Polanyi’s ideas are, on some of the age-old questions in philosophy.\"—Amartya Sen, from the new Foreword\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"anonymous-symposiumteachinginterpretivemethods-2009\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  Symposium: Teaching Interpretive Methods.\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  \n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  <i>Qualitative & Multi-Method Research</i>, 7(1).  2009.\n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/anonymous-symposiumteachinginterpretivemethods-2009\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('anonymous-symposiumteachinginterpretivemethods-2009')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@article{noauthor_symposium_2009,\n\ttitle = {Symposium: {Teaching} {Interpretive} {Methods}},\n\tvolume = {7},\n\tabstract = {Newsletter of the American Political Science Association Organized Section for Qualitative and Multi-Method Research},\n\tnumber = {1},\n\tjournal = {Qualitative \\&amp; Multi-Method Research},\n\tyear = {2009},\n}\n\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  Newsletter of the American Political Science Association Organized Section for Qualitative and Multi-Method Research\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"fujii-killingneighborswebsofviolenceinrwanda-2009\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.7591/j.ctt7z7s5\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'fujii-killingneighborswebsofviolenceinrwanda-2009', 'http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.7591/j.ctt7z7s5', event);\">\n    Killing Neighbors: Webs of Violence in Rwanda.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Fujii, L. A.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  Cornell University Press,  2009.\n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.7591/j.ctt7z7s5\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('fujii-killingneighborswebsofviolenceinrwanda-2009', 'http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.7591/j.ctt7z7s5', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"Killing Neighbors: Webs of Violence in Rwanda [link]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/fujii-killingneighborswebsofviolenceinrwanda-2009\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('fujii-killingneighborswebsofviolenceinrwanda-2009')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@book{fujii_killing_2009,\n\ttitle = {Killing {Neighbors}: {Webs} of {Violence} in {Rwanda}},\n\tisbn = {978-0-8014-4705-1},\n\turl = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.7591/j.ctt7z7s5},\n\tabstract = {A fine contribution to the literature on the Rwandan genocide and offers a different kind of explanation for what occurred that accommodates the differentiation in actions among Hutu at the local level. This micro-sociological approach is welcome as community level understandings of the\npolitical can be quite different from centralized narratives. It is difficult to imagine a situation in which it is more important to capture both perspectives than the Rwandan genocide. ― Sandra\nJoireman ― {\\textless}em{\\textgreater}Nations and Nationalism{\\textless}/em{\\textgreater}{\\textless}/strong{\\textgreater}\n\nIn the horrific events of the mid-1990s in Rwanda, tens of\nthousands of Hutu killed their Tutsi friends, neighbors, even\nfamily members. That ghastly violence has overshadowed a fact\nalmost as noteworthy: that hundreds of thousands of Hutu killed no one. In a transformative revisiting of the motives behind and\nspecific contexts surrounding the Rwandan genocide, Lee Ann Fujii focuses on individual actions rather than sweeping categories.\n\nFujii argues that ethnic hatred and fear do not satisfactorily\nexplain the mobilization of Rwandans one against another. Fujii&#x27;s extensive interviews in Rwandan prisons and two rural communities form the basis for her claim that mass participation in the\ngenocide was not the result of ethnic antagonisms. Rather, the\nsocial context of action was critical. Strong group dynamics and\nestablished local ties shaped patterns of recruitment for and\nparticipation in the genocide.\n\nThis web of social interactions bound people to power holders\nand killing groups. People joined and continued to participate in the genocide over time, Fujii shows, because killing in large\ngroups conferred identity on those who acted destructively. The\nperpetrators of the genocide produced new groups centered on\ndestroying prior bonds by killing kith and kin.\n\nIn the horrific events of the mid-1990s in Rwanda, tens of\nthousands of Hutu killed their Tutsi friends, neighbors, even\nfamily members. That ghastly violence has overshadowed a fact\nalmost as noteworthy: that hundreds of thousands of Hutu killed no one. In a transformative revisiting of the motives behind and\nspecific contexts surrounding the Rwandan genocide, Lee Ann Fujii focuses on individual actions rather than sweeping categories.\n\nFujii argues that ethnic hatred and fear do not satisfactorily\nexplain the mobilization of Rwandans one against another. Fujii&#x27;s extensive interviews in Rwandan prisons and two rural communities form the basis for her claim that mass participation in the\ngenocide was not the result of ethnic antagonisms. Rather, the\nsocial context of action was critical. Strong group dynamics and\nestablished local ties shaped patterns of recruitment for and\nparticipation in the genocide.\n\nThis web of social interactions bound people to power holders\nand killing groups. People joined and continued to participate in the genocide over time, Fujii shows, because killing in large\ngroups conferred identity on those who acted destructively. The\nperpetrators of the genocide produced new groups centered on\ndestroying prior bonds by killing kith and kin.},\n\turldate = {2024-08-11},\n\tpublisher = {Cornell University Press},\n\tauthor = {Fujii, Lee Ann},\n\tyear = {2009},\n}\n\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  A fine contribution to the literature on the Rwandan genocide and offers a different kind of explanation for what occurred that accommodates the differentiation in actions among Hutu at the local level. This micro-sociological approach is welcome as community level understandings of the political can be quite different from centralized narratives. It is difficult to imagine a situation in which it is more important to capture both perspectives than the Rwandan genocide. ― Sandra Joireman ― \\textlessem\\textgreaterNations and Nationalism\\textless/em\\textgreater\\textless/strong\\textgreater In the horrific events of the mid-1990s in Rwanda, tens of thousands of Hutu killed their Tutsi friends, neighbors, even family members. That ghastly violence has overshadowed a fact almost as noteworthy: that hundreds of thousands of Hutu killed no one. In a transformative revisiting of the motives behind and specific contexts surrounding the Rwandan genocide, Lee Ann Fujii focuses on individual actions rather than sweeping categories. Fujii argues that ethnic hatred and fear do not satisfactorily explain the mobilization of Rwandans one against another. Fujii's extensive interviews in Rwandan prisons and two rural communities form the basis for her claim that mass participation in the genocide was not the result of ethnic antagonisms. Rather, the social context of action was critical. Strong group dynamics and established local ties shaped patterns of recruitment for and participation in the genocide. This web of social interactions bound people to power holders and killing groups. People joined and continued to participate in the genocide over time, Fujii shows, because killing in large groups conferred identity on those who acted destructively. The perpetrators of the genocide produced new groups centered on destroying prior bonds by killing kith and kin. In the horrific events of the mid-1990s in Rwanda, tens of thousands of Hutu killed their Tutsi friends, neighbors, even family members. That ghastly violence has overshadowed a fact almost as noteworthy: that hundreds of thousands of Hutu killed no one. In a transformative revisiting of the motives behind and specific contexts surrounding the Rwandan genocide, Lee Ann Fujii focuses on individual actions rather than sweeping categories. Fujii argues that ethnic hatred and fear do not satisfactorily explain the mobilization of Rwandans one against another. Fujii's extensive interviews in Rwandan prisons and two rural communities form the basis for her claim that mass participation in the genocide was not the result of ethnic antagonisms. Rather, the social context of action was critical. Strong group dynamics and established local ties shaped patterns of recruitment for and participation in the genocide. This web of social interactions bound people to power holders and killing groups. People joined and continued to participate in the genocide over time, Fujii shows, because killing in large groups conferred identity on those who acted destructively. The perpetrators of the genocide produced new groups centered on destroying prior bonds by killing kith and kin.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"hopf-identityrelationsandthesinosovietsplit-2009\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/measuring-identity/identity-relations-and-the-sinosoviet-split/3B5DABB8CCD38022816FB67A7262A640\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'hopf-identityrelationsandthesinosovietsplit-2009', 'https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/measuring-identity/identity-relations-and-the-sinosoviet-split/3B5DABB8CCD38022816FB67A7262A640', event);\">\n    Identity Relations and the Sino-Soviet Split.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Hopf, T.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  In Johnston, A. I.; Abdelal, R.; McDermott, R.;  and Herrera, Y. M., editor(s), <i>Measuring Identity: A Guide for Social Scientists</i>, pages 279–315. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge,  2009.\n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/measuring-identity/identity-relations-and-the-sinosoviet-split/3B5DABB8CCD38022816FB67A7262A640\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('hopf-identityrelationsandthesinosovietsplit-2009', 'https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/measuring-identity/identity-relations-and-the-sinosoviet-split/3B5DABB8CCD38022816FB67A7262A640', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"Identity Relations and the Sino-Soviet Split [link]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511810909.011\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('hopf-identityrelationsandthesinosovietsplit-2009', 'http://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511810909.011', event.ctrlKey)\"\n     class=\"bibbase doi link\">\n    <span>doi</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/hopf-identityrelationsandthesinosovietsplit-2009\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('hopf-identityrelationsandthesinosovietsplit-2009')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@incollection{johnston_identity_2009,\n\taddress = {Cambridge},\n\ttitle = {Identity {Relations} and the {Sino}-{Soviet} {Split}},\n\tisbn = {978-0-521-51818-5},\n\turl = {https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/measuring-identity/identity-relations-and-the-sinosoviet-split/3B5DABB8CCD38022816FB67A7262A640},\n\tabstract = {Theory should determine method. How one theorizes about some outcome should drive which methods one chooses to assess the relative validity of competing claims about that outcome. In this chapter, how I theorize identity drives my methodological choice of discourse analysis. Had I chosen some variable other than identity, say objective military power, or had I chosen to theorize identity differently, say as the subjective perceptions of decision makers, then the method chosen would have been different. Because I theorize identity as an intersubjective social structure, the method I choose must somehow recover this intersubjective reality as experienced by its subjects. Intersubjectivity is the reality generated within a community, society, or group, of shared understandings of the world out there. It cannot be reduced to either objective reality – that is, the reality that is out there independent of our perceptions of it, or subjective reality, the reality each one of us perceives as individuals. If it were the latter, then one need only look into the heads of individual decision makers to find out what they believed. If it were the former, one need only catalog the objective indicators presumed to be causal for any particular theory.In what follows, I present a constructivist theory of identity that is at once social, structural, and cognitive. I explore three logics of social order – consequentialism, appropriateness, and habit – and relate them to the theory of identity I apply to the study of a state&#x27;s foreign policy choices.},\n\turldate = {2024-08-11},\n\tbooktitle = {Measuring {Identity}: {A} {Guide} for {Social} {Scientists}},\n\tpublisher = {Cambridge University Press},\n\tauthor = {Hopf, Ted},\n\teditor = {Johnston, Alastair Iain and Abdelal, Rawi and McDermott, Rose and Herrera, Yoshiko M.},\n\tyear = {2009},\n\tdoi = {10.1017/CBO9780511810909.011},\n\tpages = {279--315},\n}\n\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  Theory should determine method. How one theorizes about some outcome should drive which methods one chooses to assess the relative validity of competing claims about that outcome. In this chapter, how I theorize identity drives my methodological choice of discourse analysis. Had I chosen some variable other than identity, say objective military power, or had I chosen to theorize identity differently, say as the subjective perceptions of decision makers, then the method chosen would have been different. Because I theorize identity as an intersubjective social structure, the method I choose must somehow recover this intersubjective reality as experienced by its subjects. Intersubjectivity is the reality generated within a community, society, or group, of shared understandings of the world out there. It cannot be reduced to either objective reality – that is, the reality that is out there independent of our perceptions of it, or subjective reality, the reality each one of us perceives as individuals. If it were the latter, then one need only look into the heads of individual decision makers to find out what they believed. If it were the former, one need only catalog the objective indicators presumed to be causal for any particular theory.In what follows, I present a constructivist theory of identity that is at once social, structural, and cognitive. I explore three logics of social order – consequentialism, appropriateness, and habit – and relate them to the theory of identity I apply to the study of a state's foreign policy choices.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"ali-oninterpretivismandinternationallaw-2009\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093/ejil/chp038\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'ali-oninterpretivismandinternationallaw-2009', 'https://doi.org/10.1093/ejil/chp038', event);\">\n    On Interpretivism and International Law.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Çali, B.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  <i>European Journal of International Law</i>, 20(3): 805–822. August 2009.\n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093/ejil/chp038\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('ali-oninterpretivismandinternationallaw-2009', 'https://doi.org/10.1093/ejil/chp038', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"On Interpretivism and International Law [link]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.org/10.1093/ejil/chp038\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('ali-oninterpretivismandinternationallaw-2009', 'http://doi.org/10.1093/ejil/chp038', event.ctrlKey)\"\n     class=\"bibbase doi link\">\n    <span>doi</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/ali-oninterpretivismandinternationallaw-2009\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('ali-oninterpretivismandinternationallaw-2009')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@article{cali_interpretivism_2009,\n\ttitle = {On {Interpretivism} and {International} {Law}},\n\tvolume = {20},\n\tissn = {0938-5428},\n\turl = {https://doi.org/10.1093/ejil/chp038},\n\tdoi = {10.1093/ejil/chp038},\n\tabstract = {This article argues for the relevance of interpretivism within theoretical and normative debates about international law. To do this, the article carries out two tasks. First, it draws out the central features of interpretivism that make it a theoretically distinct contribution to understanding the nature and theory of law. Secondly, it identifies four important objections, two external and two internal, to the relevance of interpretivism to international law. External objections stem from positivism and anti-essentialism about international law. Internal objections, on the other hand, stem from the view that international law does not suit the application of interpretivism. I show that it is possible to counter all four and conclude by pointing to the nature of future work that needs to be undertaken to develop a substantive interpretivist account of international law.},\n\tnumber = {3},\n\turldate = {2024-08-11},\n\tjournal = {European Journal of International Law},\n\tauthor = {Çali, Başak},\n\tmonth = aug,\n\tyear = {2009},\n\tpages = {805--822},\n}\n\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  This article argues for the relevance of interpretivism within theoretical and normative debates about international law. To do this, the article carries out two tasks. First, it draws out the central features of interpretivism that make it a theoretically distinct contribution to understanding the nature and theory of law. Secondly, it identifies four important objections, two external and two internal, to the relevance of interpretivism to international law. External objections stem from positivism and anti-essentialism about international law. Internal objections, on the other hand, stem from the view that international law does not suit the application of interpretivism. I show that it is possible to counter all four and conclude by pointing to the nature of future work that needs to be undertaken to develop a substantive interpretivist account of international law.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"autesserre-hobbesandthecongoframeslocalviolenceandinternationalintervention-2009\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/international-organization/article/abs/hobbes-and-the-congo-frames-local-violence-and-international-intervention/79B009ABB525C6067F108BA036B2D831\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'autesserre-hobbesandthecongoframeslocalviolenceandinternationalintervention-2009', 'https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/international-organization/article/abs/hobbes-and-the-congo-frames-local-violence-and-international-intervention/79B009ABB525C6067F108BA036B2D831', event);\">\n    Hobbes and the Congo: Frames, Local Violence, and International Intervention.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Autesserre, S.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  <i>International Organization</i>, 63(2): 249–280. April 2009.\n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/international-organization/article/abs/hobbes-and-the-congo-frames-local-violence-and-international-intervention/79B009ABB525C6067F108BA036B2D831\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('autesserre-hobbesandthecongoframeslocalviolenceandinternationalintervention-2009', 'https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/international-organization/article/abs/hobbes-and-the-congo-frames-local-violence-and-international-intervention/79B009ABB525C6067F108BA036B2D831', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"Hobbes and the Congo: Frames, Local Violence, and International Intervention [link]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.org/10.1017/S0020818309090080\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('autesserre-hobbesandthecongoframeslocalviolenceandinternationalintervention-2009', 'http://doi.org/10.1017/S0020818309090080', event.ctrlKey)\"\n     class=\"bibbase doi link\">\n    <span>doi</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/autesserre-hobbesandthecongoframeslocalviolenceandinternationalintervention-2009\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('autesserre-hobbesandthecongoframeslocalviolenceandinternationalintervention-2009')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@article{autesserre_hobbes_2009,\n\ttitle = {Hobbes and the {Congo}: {Frames}, {Local} {Violence}, and {International} {Intervention}},\n\tvolume = {63},\n\tissn = {1531-5088, 0020-8183},\n\tshorttitle = {Hobbes and the {Congo}},\n\turl = {https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/international-organization/article/abs/hobbes-and-the-congo-frames-local-violence-and-international-intervention/79B009ABB525C6067F108BA036B2D831},\n\tdoi = {10.1017/S0020818309090080},\n\tabstract = {Why do international peacebuilders fail to address the local causes of peace process failures? The existing explanations of peacebuilding failures, which focus on constraints and vested interests, do not explain the international neglect of local conflict. In this article, I show how discursive frames shape international intervention and preclude international action on local violence. Drawing on more than 330 interviews, multi-sited ethnography, and document analysis, I develop a case study of the Democratic Republic of Congo&#x27;s transition from war to peace and democracy (2003–2006). I demonstrate that local agendas played a decisive role in sustaining local, national, and regional violence. However, a postconflict peacebuilding frame shaped the international understanding of violence and intervention in such a way that local conflict resolution appeared irrelevant and illegitimate. This frame included four key elements: international actors labeled the Congo a “postconflict” situation; they believed that violence there was innate and therefore acceptable even in peacetime; they conceptualized international intervention as exclusively concerned with the national and international realms; and they saw holding elections, as opposed to local conflict resolution, as a workable, appropriate, and effective tool for state- and peacebuilding. This frame authorized and justified specific practices and policies while precluding others, notably local conflict resolution, ultimately dooming the peacebuilding efforts. In conclusion, I contend that analyzing discursive frames is a fruitful approach to the puzzle of international peacebuilding failures beyond the Congo.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {2},\n\turldate = {2024-08-09},\n\tjournal = {International Organization},\n\tauthor = {Autesserre, Séverine},\n\tmonth = apr,\n\tyear = {2009},\n\tpages = {249--280},\n}\n\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  Why do international peacebuilders fail to address the local causes of peace process failures? The existing explanations of peacebuilding failures, which focus on constraints and vested interests, do not explain the international neglect of local conflict. In this article, I show how discursive frames shape international intervention and preclude international action on local violence. Drawing on more than 330 interviews, multi-sited ethnography, and document analysis, I develop a case study of the Democratic Republic of Congo's transition from war to peace and democracy (2003–2006). I demonstrate that local agendas played a decisive role in sustaining local, national, and regional violence. However, a postconflict peacebuilding frame shaped the international understanding of violence and intervention in such a way that local conflict resolution appeared irrelevant and illegitimate. This frame included four key elements: international actors labeled the Congo a “postconflict” situation; they believed that violence there was innate and therefore acceptable even in peacetime; they conceptualized international intervention as exclusively concerned with the national and international realms; and they saw holding elections, as opposed to local conflict resolution, as a workable, appropriate, and effective tool for state- and peacebuilding. This frame authorized and justified specific practices and policies while precluding others, notably local conflict resolution, ultimately dooming the peacebuilding efforts. In conclusion, I contend that analyzing discursive frames is a fruitful approach to the puzzle of international peacebuilding failures beyond the Congo.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"schatz-politicalethnographywhatimmersioncontributestothestudyofpower-2009\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"https://press.uchicago.edu/ucp/books/book/chicago/P/bo7995019.html\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'schatz-politicalethnographywhatimmersioncontributestothestudyofpower-2009', 'https://press.uchicago.edu/ucp/books/book/chicago/P/bo7995019.html', event);\">\n    Political Ethnography: What Immersion Contributes to the Study of Power.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Schatz, E.,\n  editor.\n  \n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  University of Chicago Press, Chicago, IL, October 2009.\n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"https://press.uchicago.edu/ucp/books/book/chicago/P/bo7995019.html\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('schatz-politicalethnographywhatimmersioncontributestothestudyofpower-2009', 'https://press.uchicago.edu/ucp/books/book/chicago/P/bo7995019.html', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"Political Ethnography: What Immersion Contributes to the Study of Power [link]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/schatz-politicalethnographywhatimmersioncontributestothestudyofpower-2009\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('schatz-politicalethnographywhatimmersioncontributestothestudyofpower-2009')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@book{schatz_political_2009,\n\taddress = {Chicago, IL},\n\ttitle = {Political {Ethnography}: {What} {Immersion} {Contributes} to the {Study} of {Power}},\n\tisbn = {978-0-226-73677-8},\n\tshorttitle = {Political {Ethnography}},\n\turl = {https://press.uchicago.edu/ucp/books/book/chicago/P/bo7995019.html},\n\tabstract = {Scholars of politics have sought in recent years to make the discipline more hospitable to qualitative methods of research. Lauding the results of this effort and highlighting its potential for the future, Political Ethnography makes a compelling case for one such method in particular. Ethnography, the contributors amply demonstrate in a wide range of original essays, is uniquely suited for illuminating the study of politics. Situating these pieces within the context of developments in political science, Edward Schatz provides an overarching introduction and substantive prefaces to each of the volume’s four sections. The first of these parts addresses the central ontological and epistemological issues raised by ethnographic work, while the second grapples with the reality that all research is conducted from a first-person perspective. The third section goes on to explore how ethnographic research can provide fresh perspectives on such perennial topics as opinion, causality, and power. Concluding that political ethnography can and should play a central role in the field as a whole, the final chapters illuminate the many ways in which ethnographic approaches can enhance, improve, and, in some areas, transform the study of politics.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\turldate = {2024-08-09},\n\tpublisher = {University of Chicago Press},\n\teditor = {Schatz, Edward},\n\tmonth = oct,\n\tyear = {2009},\n\tkeywords = {analysis, anthropologists, anthropology, approach, behavior, causality, criticism, cultural studies, culture, epistemology, ethnographical, ethnography, fieldwork, first person experience, inquiry, interpretation, observation, ontology, opinion, participant, participation, perspective, point of view, political science, politics, power, research, scholarship, social situations},\n}\n\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  Scholars of politics have sought in recent years to make the discipline more hospitable to qualitative methods of research. Lauding the results of this effort and highlighting its potential for the future, Political Ethnography makes a compelling case for one such method in particular. Ethnography, the contributors amply demonstrate in a wide range of original essays, is uniquely suited for illuminating the study of politics. Situating these pieces within the context of developments in political science, Edward Schatz provides an overarching introduction and substantive prefaces to each of the volume’s four sections. The first of these parts addresses the central ontological and epistemological issues raised by ethnographic work, while the second grapples with the reality that all research is conducted from a first-person perspective. The third section goes on to explore how ethnographic research can provide fresh perspectives on such perennial topics as opinion, causality, and power. Concluding that political ethnography can and should play a central role in the field as a whole, the final chapters illuminate the many ways in which ethnographic approaches can enhance, improve, and, in some areas, transform the study of politics.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"godrej-towardsacosmopolitanpoliticalthoughtthehermeneuticsofinterpretingtheother-2009\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/abs/10.1057/pol.2008.28\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'godrej-towardsacosmopolitanpoliticalthoughtthehermeneuticsofinterpretingtheother-2009', 'https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/abs/10.1057/pol.2008.28', event);\">\n    Towards a Cosmopolitan Political Thought: The Hermeneutics of Interpreting the Other.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Godrej, F.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  <i>Polity</i>, 41(2): 135–165. April 2009.\n  <span class=\"note\">Publisher: The University of Chicago Press</span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/abs/10.1057/pol.2008.28\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('godrej-towardsacosmopolitanpoliticalthoughtthehermeneuticsofinterpretingtheother-2009', 'https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/abs/10.1057/pol.2008.28', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"Towards a Cosmopolitan Political Thought: The Hermeneutics of Interpreting the Other [link]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.org/10.1057/pol.2008.28\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('godrej-towardsacosmopolitanpoliticalthoughtthehermeneuticsofinterpretingtheother-2009', 'http://doi.org/10.1057/pol.2008.28', event.ctrlKey)\"\n     class=\"bibbase doi link\">\n    <span>doi</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/godrej-towardsacosmopolitanpoliticalthoughtthehermeneuticsofinterpretingtheother-2009\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('godrej-towardsacosmopolitanpoliticalthoughtthehermeneuticsofinterpretingtheother-2009')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@article{godrej_towards_2009,\n\ttitle = {Towards a {Cosmopolitan} {Political} {Thought}: {The} {Hermeneutics} of {Interpreting} the {Other}},\n\tvolume = {41},\n\tissn = {0032-3497},\n\tshorttitle = {Towards a {Cosmopolitan} {Political} {Thought}},\n\turl = {https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/abs/10.1057/pol.2008.28},\n\tdoi = {10.1057/pol.2008.28},\n\tabstract = {The emergence of the field of comparative political theory suggests that the encounter with non-Western texts be considered a legitimate and necessary part of political theory, so that the field is reconstituted in a truly cosmopolitan manner. However, this also presents unique challenges to political theorists. Chief among these is the question of what hermeneutic approach would allow us to understand well the ideas contained in these texts. This essay will argue for a particular approach to the interpretation of non-Western texts and ideas, providing an account of a methodologically self-conscious approach to comparative political theory. A serious comparative political theorist will inevitably have to alternate between an internal immersion in the lived experience of the text, and an external stance of commentary and exegesis of the text. Struggling with the conflicting imperatives of these moments is precisely the task of a more nuanced approach to comparative political theory. Ultimately, however, I also argue that this particular approach has implications for the development of a genuine cosmopolitanism in the field of political theory. A cosmopolitan political theory is precisely one in which such struggles and complex encounters with the otherness of texts are increasingly made available to provoke, dislocate, and challenge our own understandings of political life. The method I offer is thus deeply implicated in the evolution of our self-understanding as political theorists.},\n\tnumber = {2},\n\turldate = {2024-08-09},\n\tjournal = {Polity},\n\tauthor = {Godrej, Farah},\n\tmonth = apr,\n\tyear = {2009},\n\tnote = {Publisher: The University of Chicago Press},\n\tkeywords = {comparative political theory, cosmopolitan, hermeneutics, interpretation, non-Western, political theory},\n\tpages = {135--165},\n}\n\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  The emergence of the field of comparative political theory suggests that the encounter with non-Western texts be considered a legitimate and necessary part of political theory, so that the field is reconstituted in a truly cosmopolitan manner. However, this also presents unique challenges to political theorists. Chief among these is the question of what hermeneutic approach would allow us to understand well the ideas contained in these texts. This essay will argue for a particular approach to the interpretation of non-Western texts and ideas, providing an account of a methodologically self-conscious approach to comparative political theory. A serious comparative political theorist will inevitably have to alternate between an internal immersion in the lived experience of the text, and an external stance of commentary and exegesis of the text. Struggling with the conflicting imperatives of these moments is precisely the task of a more nuanced approach to comparative political theory. Ultimately, however, I also argue that this particular approach has implications for the development of a genuine cosmopolitanism in the field of political theory. A cosmopolitan political theory is precisely one in which such struggles and complex encounters with the otherness of texts are increasingly made available to provoke, dislocate, and challenge our own understandings of political life. The method I offer is thus deeply implicated in the evolution of our self-understanding as political theorists.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"pachirat-shoutsandmurmurstheethnographerspotion-2009\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  Shouts and Murmurs: The Ethnographer’s Potion.\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Pachirat, T.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  <i>Qualitative & Multi-Method Research</i>, 7(2): 41–44.  2009.\n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/pachirat-shoutsandmurmurstheethnographerspotion-2009\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('pachirat-shoutsandmurmurstheethnographerspotion-2009')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@article{pachirat_shouts_2009,\n\ttitle = {Shouts and {Murmurs}: {The} {Ethnographer}’s {Potion}},\n\tvolume = {7},\n\tnumber = {2},\n\tjournal = {Qualitative \\&amp; Multi-Method Research},\n\tauthor = {Pachirat, Timothy},\n\tyear = {2009},\n\tpages = {41--44},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n\n\n\n    </div>\n  </div>\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_group_whole\" id=\"group_2008\">\n    <div class=\"bibbase_group\"\n      onclick=\"toggleGroup('group_2008')\"\n      onkeypress=\"toggleGroup('group_2008')\"\n      tabindex=\"0\">\n      <i class=\"fa fa-angle-down bibbase_group_head_icon\"></i>&nbsp;\n      <span>2008</span>\n      <span class=\"bibbase_group_count\">\n        \n        (7)\n        \n      </span>\n    </div>\n    <div class=\"bibbase_group_body\">\n      \n  \n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"rorty-philosophyandthemirrorofnaturethirtiethanniversaryedition-2008\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/9781400833061/html?lang=en\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'rorty-philosophyandthemirrorofnaturethirtiethanniversaryedition-2008', 'https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/9781400833061/html?lang=en', event);\">\n    Philosophy and the Mirror of Nature: Thirtieth-Anniversary Edition.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Rorty, R.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  Princeton University Press, December 2008.\n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/9781400833061/html?lang=en\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('rorty-philosophyandthemirrorofnaturethirtiethanniversaryedition-2008', 'https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/9781400833061/html?lang=en', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"Philosophy and the Mirror of Nature: Thirtieth-Anniversary Edition [link]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.org/10.1515/9781400833061\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('rorty-philosophyandthemirrorofnaturethirtiethanniversaryedition-2008', 'http://doi.org/10.1515/9781400833061', event.ctrlKey)\"\n     class=\"bibbase doi link\">\n    <span>doi</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/rorty-philosophyandthemirrorofnaturethirtiethanniversaryedition-2008\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('rorty-philosophyandthemirrorofnaturethirtiethanniversaryedition-2008')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@book{rorty_philosophy_2008,\n\ttitle = {Philosophy and the {Mirror} of {Nature}: {Thirtieth}-{Anniversary} {Edition}},\n\tcopyright = {De Gruyter expressly reserves the right to use all content for commercial text and data mining within the meaning of Section 44b of the German Copyright Act.},\n\tisbn = {978-1-4008-3306-1},\n\tshorttitle = {Philosophy and the {Mirror} of {Nature}},\n\turl = {https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/9781400833061/html?lang=en},\n\tabstract = {When it first appeared in 1979, Philosophy and the Mirror of Nature hit the philosophical world like a bombshell. In it, Richard Rorty argued that, beginning in the seventeenth century, philosophers developed an unhealthy obsession with the notion of representation: comparing the mind to a mirror that reflects reality. Rorty&#x27;s book is a powerful critique of this imagery and the tradition of thought that it spawned. Today, the book remains a must-read and stands as a classic of twentieth-century philosophy. Its influence on the academy, both within philosophy and across a wide array of disciplines, continues unabated. This edition includes new essays by philosopher Michael Williams and literary scholar David Bromwich, as well as Rorty&#x27;s previously unpublished essay &quot;The Philosopher as Expert.&quot;},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\turldate = {2024-08-13},\n\tpublisher = {Princeton University Press},\n\tauthor = {Rorty, Richard},\n\tmonth = dec,\n\tyear = {2008},\n\tdoi = {10.1515/9781400833061},\n\tkeywords = {Analytic philosophy, Analytic–synthetic distinction, Behaviorism, Causality, Certainty, Concept, Consciousness, Criticism, Critique, Dualism (philosophy of mind), Edmund Husserl, Empirical psychology, Empiricism, Epistemology, Ethics, Existence, Explanation, Historicism, Holism, Hypothesis, Idealism, Inference, Inquiry, Intentionality, Kantianism, Language-game (philosophy), Logical positivism, Martin Heidegger, Materialism, Metaphor, Michael Oakeshott, Modern philosophy, Morality, Objectivity (philosophy), Phenomenon, Philosopher, Philosophical analysis, Philosophy, Philosophy of language, Philosophy of mind, Philosophy of science, Physicalism, Polemic, Positivism, Pragmatism, Prediction, Premise, Principle, Privileged access, Qualia, Rationalism, Rationality, Reality, Reason, Relativism, Rorty, Scientist, Skepticism, Subjectivism, Suggestion, The Concept of Mind, The Philosopher, Theory, Theory of justification, Theory of knowledge (IB course), Thought, Understanding, Vocabulary, Wilfrid Sellars, Writing},\n}\n\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  When it first appeared in 1979, Philosophy and the Mirror of Nature hit the philosophical world like a bombshell. In it, Richard Rorty argued that, beginning in the seventeenth century, philosophers developed an unhealthy obsession with the notion of representation: comparing the mind to a mirror that reflects reality. Rorty's book is a powerful critique of this imagery and the tradition of thought that it spawned. Today, the book remains a must-read and stands as a classic of twentieth-century philosophy. Its influence on the academy, both within philosophy and across a wide array of disciplines, continues unabated. This edition includes new essays by philosopher Michael Williams and literary scholar David Bromwich, as well as Rorty's previously unpublished essay \"The Philosopher as Expert.\"\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"wedeen-peripheralvisionspublicspowerandperformanceinyemen-2008\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"https://press.uchicago.edu/ucp/books/book/chicago/P/bo5893513.html\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'wedeen-peripheralvisionspublicspowerandperformanceinyemen-2008', 'https://press.uchicago.edu/ucp/books/book/chicago/P/bo5893513.html', event);\">\n    Peripheral Visions: Publics, Power, and Performance in Yemen.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Wedeen, L.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n   of Chicago Studies in Practices of MeaningUniversity of Chicago Press, Chicago, IL,  2008.\n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"https://press.uchicago.edu/ucp/books/book/chicago/P/bo5893513.html\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('wedeen-peripheralvisionspublicspowerandperformanceinyemen-2008', 'https://press.uchicago.edu/ucp/books/book/chicago/P/bo5893513.html', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"Peripheral Visions: Publics, Power, and Performance in Yemen [link]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/wedeen-peripheralvisionspublicspowerandperformanceinyemen-2008\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('wedeen-peripheralvisionspublicspowerandperformanceinyemen-2008')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@book{wedeen_peripheral_2008,\n\taddress = {Chicago, IL},\n\tseries = {Chicago {Studies} in {Practices} of {Meaning}},\n\ttitle = {Peripheral {Visions}: {Publics}, {Power}, and {Performance} in {Yemen}},\n\tisbn = {978-0-226-87791-4},\n\tshorttitle = {Peripheral {Visions}},\n\turl = {https://press.uchicago.edu/ucp/books/book/chicago/P/bo5893513.html},\n\tabstract = {The government of Yemen, unified since 1990, remains largely incapable of controlling violence or providing goods and services to its population, but the regime continues to endure despite its fragility and peripheral location in the global political and economic order. Revealing what holds Yemen together in such tenuous circumstances, Peripheral Visions shows how citizens form national attachments even in the absence of strong state institutions.Lisa Wedeen, who spent a year and a half in Yemen observing and interviewing its residents, argues that national solidarity in such weak states tends to arise not from attachments to institutions but through both extraordinary events and the ordinary activities of everyday life. Yemenis, for example, regularly gather to chew qat, a leafy drug similar to caffeine, as they engage in wide-ranging and sometimes influential public discussions of even the most divisive political and social issues. These lively debates exemplify Wedeen’s contention that democratic, national, and pious solidarities work as ongoing, performative practices that enact and reproduce a citizenry’s shared points of reference. Ultimately, her skillful evocations of such practices shift attention away from a narrow focus on government institutions and electoral competition and toward the substantive experience of participatory politics.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\turldate = {2024-08-12},\n\tpublisher = {University of Chicago Press},\n\tauthor = {Wedeen, Lisa},\n\tyear = {2008},\n\tkeywords = {asia, citizenry, citizenship, control, crisis, deliberation, governing, government, identity, interviews, middle east, nation state, national power, nationalism, order, participation, participatory, performance, political science, politics, public gatherings, republic, social issues, solidarity, south arabia, structures, transnational, unity, violence, yemen},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  The government of Yemen, unified since 1990, remains largely incapable of controlling violence or providing goods and services to its population, but the regime continues to endure despite its fragility and peripheral location in the global political and economic order. Revealing what holds Yemen together in such tenuous circumstances, Peripheral Visions shows how citizens form national attachments even in the absence of strong state institutions.Lisa Wedeen, who spent a year and a half in Yemen observing and interviewing its residents, argues that national solidarity in such weak states tends to arise not from attachments to institutions but through both extraordinary events and the ordinary activities of everyday life. Yemenis, for example, regularly gather to chew qat, a leafy drug similar to caffeine, as they engage in wide-ranging and sometimes influential public discussions of even the most divisive political and social issues. These lively debates exemplify Wedeen’s contention that democratic, national, and pious solidarities work as ongoing, performative practices that enact and reproduce a citizenry’s shared points of reference. Ultimately, her skillful evocations of such practices shift attention away from a narrow focus on government institutions and electoral competition and toward the substantive experience of participatory politics.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"loriaux-europeanunionandthedeconstructionoftherhinelandfrontier-2008\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/european-union-and-the-deconstruction-of-the-rhineland-frontier/7C97D2C1766B8AD5ED7F741A6FCD8E91\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'loriaux-europeanunionandthedeconstructionoftherhinelandfrontier-2008', 'https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/european-union-and-the-deconstruction-of-the-rhineland-frontier/7C97D2C1766B8AD5ED7F741A6FCD8E91', event);\">\n    European Union and the Deconstruction of the Rhineland Frontier.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Loriaux, M.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK,  2008.\n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/european-union-and-the-deconstruction-of-the-rhineland-frontier/7C97D2C1766B8AD5ED7F741A6FCD8E91\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('loriaux-europeanunionandthedeconstructionoftherhinelandfrontier-2008', 'https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/european-union-and-the-deconstruction-of-the-rhineland-frontier/7C97D2C1766B8AD5ED7F741A6FCD8E91', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"European Union and the Deconstruction of the Rhineland Frontier [link]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511720550\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('loriaux-europeanunionandthedeconstructionoftherhinelandfrontier-2008', 'http://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511720550', event.ctrlKey)\"\n     class=\"bibbase doi link\">\n    <span>doi</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/loriaux-europeanunionandthedeconstructionoftherhinelandfrontier-2008\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('loriaux-europeanunionandthedeconstructionoftherhinelandfrontier-2008')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@book{loriaux_european_2008,\n\taddress = {Cambridge, UK},\n\ttitle = {European {Union} and the {Deconstruction} of the {Rhineland} {Frontier}},\n\tisbn = {978-0-521-88084-8},\n\turl = {https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/european-union-and-the-deconstruction-of-the-rhineland-frontier/7C97D2C1766B8AD5ED7F741A6FCD8E91},\n\tabstract = {The Rhineland region includes the core regional economy of western Europe, encompassing Belgium, Luxemburg and parts of the Netherlands, France, Switzerland and Germany. Throughout history there have been tensions between this region&#x27;s roles as a frontier and as western Europe&#x27;s economic core. Michael Loriaux argues that the European Union arose from efforts to deconstruct this frontier. He traces Rhineland geopolitics back to its first emergence, restoring frontier deconstruction to the forefront of discussion about the EU. He recounts how place names were manipulated to legitimate political power and shows how this manipulation generated the geopolitics that the EU now tries to undo. Loriaux also argues that the importance of this issue has significantly affected the nature of the EU&#x27;s development and helps condition a festering legitimation crisis.},\n\turldate = {2024-08-12},\n\tpublisher = {Cambridge University Press},\n\tauthor = {Loriaux, Michael},\n\tyear = {2008},\n\tdoi = {10.1017/CBO9780511720550},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  The Rhineland region includes the core regional economy of western Europe, encompassing Belgium, Luxemburg and parts of the Netherlands, France, Switzerland and Germany. Throughout history there have been tensions between this region's roles as a frontier and as western Europe's economic core. Michael Loriaux argues that the European Union arose from efforts to deconstruct this frontier. He traces Rhineland geopolitics back to its first emergence, restoring frontier deconstruction to the forefront of discussion about the EU. He recounts how place names were manipulated to legitimate political power and shows how this manipulation generated the geopolitics that the EU now tries to undo. Loriaux also argues that the importance of this issue has significantly affected the nature of the EU's development and helps condition a festering legitimation crisis.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"fujii-thepoweroflocaltiespopularparticipationintherwandangenocide-2008\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1080/09636410802319578\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'fujii-thepoweroflocaltiespopularparticipationintherwandangenocide-2008', 'https://doi.org/10.1080/09636410802319578', event);\">\n    The Power of Local Ties: Popular Participation in the Rwandan Genocide.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Fujii, L. A.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  <i>Security Studies</i>, 17(3): 568–597. September 2008.\n  <span class=\"note\">Publisher: Routledge _eprint: https://doi.org/10.1080/09636410802319578</span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1080/09636410802319578\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('fujii-thepoweroflocaltiespopularparticipationintherwandangenocide-2008', 'https://doi.org/10.1080/09636410802319578', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"The Power of Local Ties: Popular Participation in the Rwandan Genocide [link]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.org/10.1080/09636410802319578\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('fujii-thepoweroflocaltiespopularparticipationintherwandangenocide-2008', 'http://doi.org/10.1080/09636410802319578', event.ctrlKey)\"\n     class=\"bibbase doi link\">\n    <span>doi</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/fujii-thepoweroflocaltiespopularparticipationintherwandangenocide-2008\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('fujii-thepoweroflocaltiespopularparticipationintherwandangenocide-2008')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@article{fujii_power_2008,\n\ttitle = {The {Power} of {Local} {Ties}: {Popular} {Participation} in the {Rwandan} {Genocide}},\n\tvolume = {17},\n\tissn = {0963-6412},\n\tshorttitle = {The {Power} of {Local} {Ties}},\n\turl = {https://doi.org/10.1080/09636410802319578},\n\tdoi = {10.1080/09636410802319578},\n\tabstract = {How do ordinary people come to commit genocide against their neighbors? Ethnicity-based approaches cannot explain the different pathways that lead to mass violence or the different forms that participation takes over time and place. In Rwanda, different processes and mechanisms led some to join in the carnage while others resisted. Utilizing Mark Granovetter&#x27;s concept of “social embeddedness,” this article argues that social ties and immediate social context better explain the processes through which ordinary people came to commit mass murder in Rwanda. Leaders used family ties to target male relatives for recruitment into the killing groups, which were responsible for carrying out the genocide. Ties among members of the killing groups helped to initiate reluctant or hesitant members into committing violence with the group. Finally, ties of friendship attenuated murderous actions, leading killers to help save Tutsi in specific contexts. Which ties became salient depended on the context. In the presence of the killing group or authority(ies), low-level participants (a group I call “Joiners”) tended to go along with the violence. Alone, Joiners often made different choices. The findings in this article are based on data collected during nine months of fieldwork in two rural communities and two central prisons in Rwanda.},\n\tnumber = {3},\n\turldate = {2024-08-11},\n\tjournal = {Security Studies},\n\tauthor = {Fujii, Lee Ann},\n\tmonth = sep,\n\tyear = {2008},\n\tnote = {Publisher: Routledge\n\\_eprint: https://doi.org/10.1080/09636410802319578},\n\tpages = {568--597},\n}\n\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  How do ordinary people come to commit genocide against their neighbors? Ethnicity-based approaches cannot explain the different pathways that lead to mass violence or the different forms that participation takes over time and place. In Rwanda, different processes and mechanisms led some to join in the carnage while others resisted. Utilizing Mark Granovetter's concept of “social embeddedness,” this article argues that social ties and immediate social context better explain the processes through which ordinary people came to commit mass murder in Rwanda. Leaders used family ties to target male relatives for recruitment into the killing groups, which were responsible for carrying out the genocide. Ties among members of the killing groups helped to initiate reluctant or hesitant members into committing violence with the group. Finally, ties of friendship attenuated murderous actions, leading killers to help save Tutsi in specific contexts. Which ties became salient depended on the context. In the presence of the killing group or authority(ies), low-level participants (a group I call “Joiners”) tended to go along with the violence. Alone, Joiners often made different choices. The findings in this article are based on data collected during nine months of fieldwork in two rural communities and two central prisons in Rwanda.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"bruyneel-hierarchyandhybriditytheinternalpostcolonialismofmidnineteenthcenturyamericanexpansionism-2008\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9780203626023-5/hierarchy-hybridity-internal-postcolonialism-mid-nineteenth-century-american-expansionism-kevin-bruyneel\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'bruyneel-hierarchyandhybriditytheinternalpostcolonialismofmidnineteenthcenturyamericanexpansionism-2008', 'https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9780203626023-5/hierarchy-hybridity-internal-postcolonialism-mid-nineteenth-century-american-expansionism-kevin-bruyneel', event);\">\n    Hierarchy and hybridity: the internal postcolonialism of mid-nineteenth-century American expansionism.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Bruyneel, K.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  In Novkov, J.; Warren, D.;  and Lowndes, J., editor(s), <i>Race and American Political Development</i>, pages 117–135. Routledge, New York, N.Y,  2008.\n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9780203626023-5/hierarchy-hybridity-internal-postcolonialism-mid-nineteenth-century-american-expansionism-kevin-bruyneel\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('bruyneel-hierarchyandhybriditytheinternalpostcolonialismofmidnineteenthcenturyamericanexpansionism-2008', 'https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9780203626023-5/hierarchy-hybridity-internal-postcolonialism-mid-nineteenth-century-american-expansionism-kevin-bruyneel', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"Hierarchy and hybridity: the internal postcolonialism of mid-nineteenth-century American expansionism [link]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.org/10.4324/9780203626023-5\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('bruyneel-hierarchyandhybriditytheinternalpostcolonialismofmidnineteenthcenturyamericanexpansionism-2008', 'http://doi.org/10.4324/9780203626023-5', event.ctrlKey)\"\n     class=\"bibbase doi link\">\n    <span>doi</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/bruyneel-hierarchyandhybriditytheinternalpostcolonialismofmidnineteenthcenturyamericanexpansionism-2008\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('bruyneel-hierarchyandhybriditytheinternalpostcolonialismofmidnineteenthcenturyamericanexpansionism-2008')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@incollection{bruyneel_hierarchy_2008,\n\taddress = {New York, N.Y},\n\ttitle = {Hierarchy and hybridity: the internal postcolonialism of mid-nineteenth-century {American} expansionism},\n\tisbn = {978-0-203-62602-3},\n\tshorttitle = {Hierarchy and hybridity},\n\turl = {https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9780203626023-5/hierarchy-hybridity-internal-postcolonialism-mid-nineteenth-century-american-expansionism-kevin-bruyneel},\n\tabstract = {One does not need to look far and wide in contemporary U.S. politics to locate anti-immigrant discourse directed at, especially, Mexican immigrants and by correlation Mexican Americans. In particular, Congressman Tom Tancredo (R-CO) and Cable News Network anchor Lou Dobbs have led the way in articulating an anti-immigrant political discourse that envisions Mexicans, in particular, as a force that threatens American nation-space by transgressing U.S. borders and laws, challenging American national identity by waving Mexican flags at rallies, and, in some cases seeking to “re-conquer” American territory. In all, a consistent demand of these anti-immigrant voices is for Mexicans in the United States to “go back to where they came from.” 1 Along with being racist and nationalist, this political discourse is generally ahistorical, masking the complicated relationship between state, space, and identity that has constituted the Mexican and Mexican-American relationship to U.S. politics and American nationhood. This chapter does not refer to the contemporary situation directly, but, rather, seeks to shed light on the colonialist relationship between race and U.S. political development as it concerns Mexicans and Mexican Americans. Shedding light is the appropriate term here, as the approach I employ in this chapter offers a way to make visible the colonialist practices woven into American nation- and state-building over time. Specifically, I read the story of mid-nineteenth century American expansionism as one of neither simple exploitation nor inclusion, but rather as a reflection of what I call the internal postcolonial dynamics of U.S. nation-building, where racial hierarchies are persistent but not static, subject to hybridic developments in racial identity and relations over time.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\turldate = {2024-08-11},\n\tbooktitle = {Race and {American} {Political} {Development}},\n\tpublisher = {Routledge},\n\tauthor = {Bruyneel, Kevin},\n\teditor = {Novkov, Julie and Warren, Dorian and Lowndes, Joseph},\n\tyear = {2008},\n\tdoi = {10.4324/9780203626023-5},\n\tpages = {117--135},\n}\n\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  One does not need to look far and wide in contemporary U.S. politics to locate anti-immigrant discourse directed at, especially, Mexican immigrants and by correlation Mexican Americans. In particular, Congressman Tom Tancredo (R-CO) and Cable News Network anchor Lou Dobbs have led the way in articulating an anti-immigrant political discourse that envisions Mexicans, in particular, as a force that threatens American nation-space by transgressing U.S. borders and laws, challenging American national identity by waving Mexican flags at rallies, and, in some cases seeking to “re-conquer” American territory. In all, a consistent demand of these anti-immigrant voices is for Mexicans in the United States to “go back to where they came from.” 1 Along with being racist and nationalist, this political discourse is generally ahistorical, masking the complicated relationship between state, space, and identity that has constituted the Mexican and Mexican-American relationship to U.S. politics and American nationhood. This chapter does not refer to the contemporary situation directly, but, rather, seeks to shed light on the colonialist relationship between race and U.S. political development as it concerns Mexicans and Mexican Americans. Shedding light is the appropriate term here, as the approach I employ in this chapter offers a way to make visible the colonialist practices woven into American nation- and state-building over time. Specifically, I read the story of mid-nineteenth century American expansionism as one of neither simple exploitation nor inclusion, but rather as a reflection of what I call the internal postcolonial dynamics of U.S. nation-building, where racial hierarchies are persistent but not static, subject to hybridic developments in racial identity and relations over time.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"lynch-reflexivityinresearchoncivilsocietyconstructivistperspectives-2008\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2486.2008.00827.x\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'lynch-reflexivityinresearchoncivilsocietyconstructivistperspectives-2008', 'https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2486.2008.00827.x', event);\">\n    Reflexivity in Research on Civil Society: Constructivist Perspectives.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Lynch, C.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  <i>International Studies Review</i>, 10(4): 708–721. December 2008.\n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2486.2008.00827.x\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('lynch-reflexivityinresearchoncivilsocietyconstructivistperspectives-2008', 'https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2486.2008.00827.x', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"Reflexivity in Research on Civil Society: Constructivist Perspectives [link]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2486.2008.00827.x\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('lynch-reflexivityinresearchoncivilsocietyconstructivistperspectives-2008', 'http://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2486.2008.00827.x', event.ctrlKey)\"\n     class=\"bibbase doi link\">\n    <span>doi</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/lynch-reflexivityinresearchoncivilsocietyconstructivistperspectives-2008\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('lynch-reflexivityinresearchoncivilsocietyconstructivistperspectives-2008')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@article{lynch_reflexivity_2008,\n\ttitle = {Reflexivity in {Research} on {Civil} {Society}: {Constructivist} {Perspectives}},\n\tvolume = {10},\n\tissn = {1521-9488},\n\tshorttitle = {Reflexivity in {Research} on {Civil} {Society}},\n\turl = {https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2486.2008.00827.x},\n\tdoi = {10.1111/j.1468-2486.2008.00827.x},\n\tabstract = {This article explores the ethical relationship between researcher and research subject. In order to address these issues, it examines what reflexivity entails in constructivist research on civil society actors, then discusses briefly how it can differ from highlighting the ethical dimensions of research within other paradigms like realism, liberalism, and feminism. The article also analyzes the types of ethical issues confronted by constructivists, and drawing from the practices of anthropologists, political scientists, and the author&#x27;s own experiences interviewing religious humanitarian activists, assesses the tasks at hand for constructivists who are serious about understanding the ethical dimensions of their work.},\n\tnumber = {4},\n\turldate = {2024-08-09},\n\tjournal = {International Studies Review},\n\tauthor = {Lynch, Cecelia},\n\tmonth = dec,\n\tyear = {2008},\n\tpages = {708--721},\n}\n\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  This article explores the ethical relationship between researcher and research subject. In order to address these issues, it examines what reflexivity entails in constructivist research on civil society actors, then discusses briefly how it can differ from highlighting the ethical dimensions of research within other paradigms like realism, liberalism, and feminism. The article also analyzes the types of ethical issues confronted by constructivists, and drawing from the practices of anthropologists, political scientists, and the author's own experiences interviewing religious humanitarian activists, assesses the tasks at hand for constructivists who are serious about understanding the ethical dimensions of their work.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"bevir-kedar-conceptformationinpoliticalscienceanantinaturalistcritiqueofqualitativemethodology-2008\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0d29c21x\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'bevir-kedar-conceptformationinpoliticalscienceanantinaturalistcritiqueofqualitativemethodology-2008', 'https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0d29c21x', event);\">\n    Concept Formation in Political Science: An Anti-Naturalist Critique of Qualitative Methodology.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Bevir, M.;  and Kedar, A.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  <i>Perspectives on Politics</i>, 6: 503–517.  2008.\n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0d29c21x\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('bevir-kedar-conceptformationinpoliticalscienceanantinaturalistcritiqueofqualitativemethodology-2008', 'https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0d29c21x', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"Concept Formation in Political Science: An Anti-Naturalist Critique of Qualitative Methodology [link]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/bevir-kedar-conceptformationinpoliticalscienceanantinaturalistcritiqueofqualitativemethodology-2008\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('bevir-kedar-conceptformationinpoliticalscienceanantinaturalistcritiqueofqualitativemethodology-2008')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@article{bevir_concept_2008,\n\ttitle = {Concept {Formation} in {Political} {Science}: {An} {Anti}-{Naturalist} {Critique} of {Qualitative} {Methodology}},\n\tvolume = {6},\n\tshorttitle = {Concept {Formation} in {Political} {Science}},\n\turl = {https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0d29c21x},\n\tabstract = {Author(s): Bevir, Mark; Kedar, Asaf},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\turldate = {2024-08-09},\n\tjournal = {Perspectives on Politics},\n\tauthor = {Bevir, Mark and Kedar, Asaf},\n\tyear = {2008},\n\tpages = {503--517},\n}\n\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  Author(s): Bevir, Mark; Kedar, Asaf\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n\n\n\n    </div>\n  </div>\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_group_whole\" id=\"group_2007\">\n    <div class=\"bibbase_group\"\n      onclick=\"toggleGroup('group_2007')\"\n      onkeypress=\"toggleGroup('group_2007')\"\n      tabindex=\"0\">\n      <i class=\"fa fa-angle-down bibbase_group_head_icon\"></i>&nbsp;\n      <span>2007</span>\n      <span class=\"bibbase_group_count\">\n        \n        (7)\n        \n      </span>\n    </div>\n    <div class=\"bibbase_group_body\">\n      \n  \n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"walsh-talkingaboutracecommunitydialoguesandthepoliticsofdifference-2007\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"https://press.uchicago.edu/ucp/books/book/chicago/T/bo5378428.html\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'walsh-talkingaboutracecommunitydialoguesandthepoliticsofdifference-2007', 'https://press.uchicago.edu/ucp/books/book/chicago/T/bo5378428.html', event);\">\n    Talking about Race: Community Dialogues and the Politics of Difference.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Walsh, K. C.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n   of Studies in Communication, Media, and Public OpinionUniversity of Chicago Press, Chicago, IL, May 2007.\n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"https://press.uchicago.edu/ucp/books/book/chicago/T/bo5378428.html\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('walsh-talkingaboutracecommunitydialoguesandthepoliticsofdifference-2007', 'https://press.uchicago.edu/ucp/books/book/chicago/T/bo5378428.html', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"Talking about Race: Community Dialogues and the Politics of Difference [link]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/walsh-talkingaboutracecommunitydialoguesandthepoliticsofdifference-2007\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('walsh-talkingaboutracecommunitydialoguesandthepoliticsofdifference-2007')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@book{walsh_talking_2007,\n\taddress = {Chicago, IL},\n\tseries = {Studies in {Communication}, {Media}, and {Public} {Opinion}},\n\ttitle = {Talking about {Race}: {Community} {Dialogues} and the {Politics} of {Difference}},\n\tisbn = {978-0-226-86907-0},\n\tshorttitle = {Talking about {Race}},\n\turl = {https://press.uchicago.edu/ucp/books/book/chicago/T/bo5378428.html},\n\tabstract = {It is a perennial question: how should Americans deal with racial and ethnic diversity? More than 400 communities across the country have attempted to answer it by organizing discussions among diverse volunteers in an attempt to improve race relations. In Talking about Race, Katherine Cramer Walsh takes an eye-opening look at this strategy to reveal the reasons behind the method and the effects it has in the cities and towns that undertake it.With extensive observations of community dialogues, interviews with the discussants, and sophisticated analysis of national data, Walsh shows that while meeting organizers usually aim to establish common ground, participants tend to leave their discussions with a heightened awareness of differences in perspective and experience. Drawing readers into these intense conversations between ordinary Americans working to deal with diversity and figure out the meaning of citizenship in our society, she challenges many preconceptions about intergroup relations and organized public talk. Finally disputing the conventional wisdom that unity is the only way forward, Walsh prescribes a practical politics of difference that compels us to reassess the place of face-to-face discussion in civic life and the critical role of conflict in deliberative democracy.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\turldate = {2024-08-12},\n\tpublisher = {University of Chicago Press},\n\tauthor = {Walsh, Katherine Cramer},\n\tmonth = may,\n\tyear = {2007},\n\tkeywords = {america, american, authority, civic, common ground, communal, communities, community, controversial, controversy, cultural, culture, data, debate, dialogue, discourse, discussion, diverse, diversity, ethnic, ethnicity, interpersonal, interracial, national, political, politics, public, race, racial, racism, racist, relations, relationships},\n}\n\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  It is a perennial question: how should Americans deal with racial and ethnic diversity? More than 400 communities across the country have attempted to answer it by organizing discussions among diverse volunteers in an attempt to improve race relations. In Talking about Race, Katherine Cramer Walsh takes an eye-opening look at this strategy to reveal the reasons behind the method and the effects it has in the cities and towns that undertake it.With extensive observations of community dialogues, interviews with the discussants, and sophisticated analysis of national data, Walsh shows that while meeting organizers usually aim to establish common ground, participants tend to leave their discussions with a heightened awareness of differences in perspective and experience. Drawing readers into these intense conversations between ordinary Americans working to deal with diversity and figure out the meaning of citizenship in our society, she challenges many preconceptions about intergroup relations and organized public talk. Finally disputing the conventional wisdom that unity is the only way forward, Walsh prescribes a practical politics of difference that compels us to reassess the place of face-to-face discussion in civic life and the critical role of conflict in deliberative democracy.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"smith-welfarereformandsexualregulation-2007\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/welfare-reform-and-sexual-regulation/A81B668AF0D1C28531598F59AD2D2661\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'smith-welfarereformandsexualregulation-2007', 'https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/welfare-reform-and-sexual-regulation/A81B668AF0D1C28531598F59AD2D2661', event);\">\n    Welfare Reform and Sexual Regulation.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Smith, A. M.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  Cambridge University Press, New York, NY,  2007.\n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/welfare-reform-and-sexual-regulation/A81B668AF0D1C28531598F59AD2D2661\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('smith-welfarereformandsexualregulation-2007', 'https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/welfare-reform-and-sexual-regulation/A81B668AF0D1C28531598F59AD2D2661', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"Welfare Reform and Sexual Regulation [link]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511619106\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('smith-welfarereformandsexualregulation-2007', 'http://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511619106', event.ctrlKey)\"\n     class=\"bibbase doi link\">\n    <span>doi</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/smith-welfarereformandsexualregulation-2007\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('smith-welfarereformandsexualregulation-2007')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@book{smith_welfare_2007,\n\taddress = {New York, NY},\n\ttitle = {Welfare {Reform} and {Sexual} {Regulation}},\n\tisbn = {978-0-521-82095-0},\n\turl = {https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/welfare-reform-and-sexual-regulation/A81B668AF0D1C28531598F59AD2D2661},\n\tabstract = {Inspired by the political interventions of feminist women of color and Foucauldian social theory, Anna Marie Smith explores the scope and structure of the child support enforcement, family cap, marriage promotion, and abstinence education measures that are embedded within contemporary United States welfare policy. Presenting original legal research and drawing from historical sources, social theory, and normative frameworks, the author argues that these measures violate the rights of poor mothers. Drawing on several historical precedents the author shows that welfare policy has consistently constructed the sexual conduct of the racialized poor mother as one of its primary disciplinary targets. The book concludes with a vigorous and detailed critique of Sen. Hillary Rodham Clinton&#x27;s support for welfare reform law and an outline of a progressive feminist approach to poverty policy.},\n\turldate = {2024-08-12},\n\tpublisher = {Cambridge University Press},\n\tauthor = {Smith, Anna Marie},\n\tyear = {2007},\n\tdoi = {10.1017/CBO9780511619106},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  Inspired by the political interventions of feminist women of color and Foucauldian social theory, Anna Marie Smith explores the scope and structure of the child support enforcement, family cap, marriage promotion, and abstinence education measures that are embedded within contemporary United States welfare policy. Presenting original legal research and drawing from historical sources, social theory, and normative frameworks, the author argues that these measures violate the rights of poor mothers. Drawing on several historical precedents the author shows that welfare policy has consistently constructed the sexual conduct of the racialized poor mother as one of its primary disciplinary targets. The book concludes with a vigorous and detailed critique of Sen. Hillary Rodham Clinton's support for welfare reform law and an outline of a progressive feminist approach to poverty policy.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"cornwall-harrison-whitehead-gendermythsandfeministfablesthestruggleforinterpretivepoweringenderanddevelopment-2007\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1467-7660.2007.00400.x\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'cornwall-harrison-whitehead-gendermythsandfeministfablesthestruggleforinterpretivepoweringenderanddevelopment-2007', 'https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1467-7660.2007.00400.x', event);\">\n    Gender Myths and Feminist Fables: The Struggle for Interpretive Power in Gender and Development.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Cornwall, A.; Harrison, E.;  and Whitehead, A.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  <i>Development and Change</i>, 38(1): 1–20.  2007.\n  <span class=\"note\">_eprint: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/j.1467-7660.2007.00400.x</span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1467-7660.2007.00400.x\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('cornwall-harrison-whitehead-gendermythsandfeministfablesthestruggleforinterpretivepoweringenderanddevelopment-2007', 'https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1467-7660.2007.00400.x', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"Gender Myths and Feminist Fables: The Struggle for Interpretive Power in Gender and Development [link]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-7660.2007.00400.x\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('cornwall-harrison-whitehead-gendermythsandfeministfablesthestruggleforinterpretivepoweringenderanddevelopment-2007', 'http://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-7660.2007.00400.x', event.ctrlKey)\"\n     class=\"bibbase doi link\">\n    <span>doi</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/cornwall-harrison-whitehead-gendermythsandfeministfablesthestruggleforinterpretivepoweringenderanddevelopment-2007\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('cornwall-harrison-whitehead-gendermythsandfeministfablesthestruggleforinterpretivepoweringenderanddevelopment-2007')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@article{cornwall_gender_2007,\n\ttitle = {Gender {Myths} and {Feminist} {Fables}: {The} {Struggle} for {Interpretive} {Power} in {Gender} and {Development}},\n\tvolume = {38},\n\tissn = {1467-7660},\n\tshorttitle = {Gender {Myths} and {Feminist} {Fables}},\n\turl = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1467-7660.2007.00400.x},\n\tdoi = {10.1111/j.1467-7660.2007.00400.x},\n\tabstract = {Gender and development has grown enormously as a field over the last thirty years. In this introduction, we interrogate the ambivalence that underpins feminist engagement with development and examine what current dilemmas may suggest about the relationship between feminist knowledge and development practice. In recent years, there has been growing frustration with the simplistic slogans that have come to characterize much gender and development talk, and with the gap between professed intention and actual practice in policies and programmes. Questions are now being asked about what has become of ‘gender’ in development. This collection brings together critical reflections on some ideas about gender that have become especially resonant in development narratives, particularly those that entail popularization and the deployment of iconic images of women. This introduction explores more closely the issues raised by such myth-making, arguing that these myths stem from exigencies within the politics and practices of development bureaucracies, within the difficult politics of feminist engagement with development policy and practice and within feminist politics itself.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {1},\n\turldate = {2024-08-11},\n\tjournal = {Development and Change},\n\tauthor = {Cornwall, Andrea and Harrison, Elizabeth and Whitehead, Ann},\n\tyear = {2007},\n\tnote = {\\_eprint: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/j.1467-7660.2007.00400.x},\n\tpages = {1--20},\n}\n\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  Gender and development has grown enormously as a field over the last thirty years. In this introduction, we interrogate the ambivalence that underpins feminist engagement with development and examine what current dilemmas may suggest about the relationship between feminist knowledge and development practice. In recent years, there has been growing frustration with the simplistic slogans that have come to characterize much gender and development talk, and with the gap between professed intention and actual practice in policies and programmes. Questions are now being asked about what has become of ‘gender’ in development. This collection brings together critical reflections on some ideas about gender that have become especially resonant in development narratives, particularly those that entail popularization and the deployment of iconic images of women. This introduction explores more closely the issues raised by such myth-making, arguing that these myths stem from exigencies within the politics and practices of development bureaucracies, within the difficult politics of feminist engagement with development policy and practice and within feminist politics itself.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"bruyneel-thethirdspaceofsovereigntythepostcolonialpoliticsofusindigenousrelations-2007\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"https://muse.jhu.edu/pub/23/monograph/book/27663\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'bruyneel-thethirdspaceofsovereigntythepostcolonialpoliticsofusindigenousrelations-2007', 'https://muse.jhu.edu/pub/23/monograph/book/27663', event);\">\n    The Third Space of Sovereignty: The Postcolonial Politics of U.S.–Indigenous Relations.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Bruyneel, K.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  University of Minnesota Press, Minneapolis, MN,  2007.\n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"https://muse.jhu.edu/pub/23/monograph/book/27663\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('bruyneel-thethirdspaceofsovereigntythepostcolonialpoliticsofusindigenousrelations-2007', 'https://muse.jhu.edu/pub/23/monograph/book/27663', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"The Third Space of Sovereignty: The Postcolonial Politics of U.S.–Indigenous Relations [link]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/bruyneel-thethirdspaceofsovereigntythepostcolonialpoliticsofusindigenousrelations-2007\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('bruyneel-thethirdspaceofsovereigntythepostcolonialpoliticsofusindigenousrelations-2007')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@book{bruyneel_third_2007,\n\taddress = {Minneapolis, MN},\n\ttitle = {The {Third} {Space} of {Sovereignty}: {The} {Postcolonial} {Politics} of {U}.{S}.–{Indigenous} {Relations}},\n\tisbn = {978-0-8166-5393-5},\n\tshorttitle = {The {Third} {Space} of {Sovereignty}},\n\turl = {https://muse.jhu.edu/pub/23/monograph/book/27663},\n\tabstract = {The imposition of modern American colonial rule has defined U.S.–indigenous relations since the time of the American Civil War. In resistance, Kevin Bruyneel asserts, indigenous political actors work across American spatial and temporal boundaries, demanding rights and resources from the government while also challenging the imposition of colonial rule over their lives. This resistance engenders what he calls a “third space of sovereignty,” which resides neither inside nor outside the U.S. political system but rather exists on its boundaries, exposing both the practices and limitations of American colonial rule.   The Third Space of Sovereignty offers fresh insights on such topics as the crucial importance of the formal end of treaty-making in 1871, indigenous responses to the prospect of U.S. citizenship in the 1920s, native politics during the tumultuous civil rights era of the 1960s, the question of indigenousness in the special election of California’s governor in 2003, and the current issues surrounding gaming and casinos.  In this engaging and provocative work, Bruyneel shows how native political actors have effectively contested the narrow limits that the United States has imposed on indigenous people’s ability to define their identity and to develop economically and politically on their own terms. Kevin Bruyneel is assistant professor of politics at Babson  College.},\n\turldate = {2024-08-11},\n\tpublisher = {University of Minnesota Press},\n\tauthor = {Bruyneel, Kevin},\n\tyear = {2007},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  The imposition of modern American colonial rule has defined U.S.–indigenous relations since the time of the American Civil War. In resistance, Kevin Bruyneel asserts, indigenous political actors work across American spatial and temporal boundaries, demanding rights and resources from the government while also challenging the imposition of colonial rule over their lives. This resistance engenders what he calls a “third space of sovereignty,” which resides neither inside nor outside the U.S. political system but rather exists on its boundaries, exposing both the practices and limitations of American colonial rule.   The Third Space of Sovereignty offers fresh insights on such topics as the crucial importance of the formal end of treaty-making in 1871, indigenous responses to the prospect of U.S. citizenship in the 1920s, native politics during the tumultuous civil rights era of the 1960s, the question of indigenousness in the special election of California’s governor in 2003, and the current issues surrounding gaming and casinos.  In this engaging and provocative work, Bruyneel shows how native political actors have effectively contested the narrow limits that the United States has imposed on indigenous people’s ability to define their identity and to develop economically and politically on their own terms. Kevin Bruyneel is assistant professor of politics at Babson College.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"devolo-thedynamicsofemotionandactivismgriefgenderandcollectiveidentityinrevolutionarynicaragua-2007\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.17813/maiq.11.4.q21r3432561l21t7\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'devolo-thedynamicsofemotionandactivismgriefgenderandcollectiveidentityinrevolutionarynicaragua-2007', 'https://doi.org/10.17813/maiq.11.4.q21r3432561l21t7', event);\">\n    The Dynamics of Emotion and Activism: Grief, Gender, and Collective Identity in Revolutionary Nicaragua.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  de Volo, L. B.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  <i>Mobilization: An International Quarterly</i>, 11(4): 461–474. February 2007.\n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.17813/maiq.11.4.q21r3432561l21t7\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('devolo-thedynamicsofemotionandactivismgriefgenderandcollectiveidentityinrevolutionarynicaragua-2007', 'https://doi.org/10.17813/maiq.11.4.q21r3432561l21t7', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"The Dynamics of Emotion and Activism: Grief, Gender, and Collective Identity in Revolutionary Nicaragua [link]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.org/10.17813/maiq.11.4.q21r3432561l21t7\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('devolo-thedynamicsofemotionandactivismgriefgenderandcollectiveidentityinrevolutionarynicaragua-2007', 'http://doi.org/10.17813/maiq.11.4.q21r3432561l21t7', event.ctrlKey)\"\n     class=\"bibbase doi link\">\n    <span>doi</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/devolo-thedynamicsofemotionandactivismgriefgenderandcollectiveidentityinrevolutionarynicaragua-2007\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('devolo-thedynamicsofemotionandactivismgriefgenderandcollectiveidentityinrevolutionarynicaragua-2007')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@article{de_volo_dynamics_2007,\n\ttitle = {The {Dynamics} of {Emotion} and {Activism}: {Grief}, {Gender}, and {Collective} {Identity} in {Revolutionary} {Nicaragua}},\n\tvolume = {11},\n\tissn = {1086-671X},\n\tshorttitle = {The {Dynamics} of {Emotion} and {Activism}},\n\turl = {https://doi.org/10.17813/maiq.11.4.q21r3432561l21t7},\n\tdoi = {10.17813/maiq.11.4.q21r3432561l21t7},\n\tabstract = {This article argues for a multidirectional and gendered understanding of the causal relationship between emotion and collective identity. Based on interviews and participant observation with core members of a Nicaraguan mothers&#x27; organization, I identify four ways in which emotion and identity are causally linked: emotion-based identity, therapy, affective bonds, and change in collective identity leading to change in grieving style. These indicate a dynamic relationship between emotion and collective identity. Furthermore, to understand emotion-based collective identity and perceptions of the emotional benefits of participation, this relationship must be understood through gendered cultural expectations about emotion.},\n\tnumber = {4},\n\turldate = {2024-08-09},\n\tjournal = {Mobilization: An International Quarterly},\n\tauthor = {de Volo, Lorraine Bayard},\n\tmonth = feb,\n\tyear = {2007},\n\tpages = {461--474},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  This article argues for a multidirectional and gendered understanding of the causal relationship between emotion and collective identity. Based on interviews and participant observation with core members of a Nicaraguan mothers' organization, I identify four ways in which emotion and identity are causally linked: emotion-based identity, therapy, affective bonds, and change in collective identity leading to change in grieving style. These indicate a dynamic relationship between emotion and collective identity. Furthermore, to understand emotion-based collective identity and perceptions of the emotional benefits of participation, this relationship must be understood through gendered cultural expectations about emotion.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"hopf-thelimitsofinterpretingevidence-2007\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230607507_3\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'hopf-thelimitsofinterpretingevidence-2007', 'https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230607507_3', event);\">\n    The Limits of Interpreting Evidence.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Hopf, T.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  In Lebow, R. N.;  and Lichbach, M. I., editor(s), <i>Theory and Evidence in Comparative Politics and International Relations</i>, pages 55–84. Palgrave Macmillan US, New York, NY,  2007.\n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230607507_3\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('hopf-thelimitsofinterpretingevidence-2007', 'https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230607507_3', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"The Limits of Interpreting Evidence [link]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.org/10.1057/9780230607507_3\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('hopf-thelimitsofinterpretingevidence-2007', 'http://doi.org/10.1057/9780230607507_3', event.ctrlKey)\"\n     class=\"bibbase doi link\">\n    <span>doi</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/hopf-thelimitsofinterpretingevidence-2007\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('hopf-thelimitsofinterpretingevidence-2007')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@incollection{hopf_limits_2007,\n\taddress = {New York, NY},\n\ttitle = {The {Limits} of {Interpreting} {Evidence}},\n\tisbn = {978-0-230-60750-7},\n\turl = {https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230607507_3},\n\tabstract = {Mainstream political science and interpretivism have little to do with each other, intellectually and professionally speaking. It is thought that the concern of the mainstream for causal inferences from a large sample of a representative population in order to assess the comparative merits of hypotheses deduced from competitive theories has no room for the interpretivist concern with the ethnographic and discursive recovery of intersubjective realities. One could ask, what would have happened in a conversation about political science at a cocktail party between Clifford Geertz, Pierre Bourdieu, and Michel Foucault and Robert Keohane, Gary King, and Sidney Verba? Mutual incomprehension, at best? Or a retreat to a more innocuous topic, at worst?},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\turldate = {2024-08-09},\n\tbooktitle = {Theory and {Evidence} in {Comparative} {Politics} and {International} {Relations}},\n\tpublisher = {Palgrave Macmillan US},\n\tauthor = {Hopf, Ted},\n\teditor = {Lebow, Richard Ned and Lichbach, Mark Irving},\n\tyear = {2007},\n\tdoi = {10.1057/9780230607507_3},\n\tpages = {55--84},\n}\n\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  Mainstream political science and interpretivism have little to do with each other, intellectually and professionally speaking. It is thought that the concern of the mainstream for causal inferences from a large sample of a representative population in order to assess the comparative merits of hypotheses deduced from competitive theories has no room for the interpretivist concern with the ethnographic and discursive recovery of intersubjective realities. One could ask, what would have happened in a conversation about political science at a cocktail party between Clifford Geertz, Pierre Bourdieu, and Michel Foucault and Robert Keohane, Gary King, and Sidney Verba? Mutual incomprehension, at best? Or a retreat to a more innocuous topic, at worst?\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"yanow-schwartzshea-themethodscafaninnovativeideaformethodsteachingatconferencemeetings-2007\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"https://www.jstor.org/stable/20451965\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'yanow-schwartzshea-themethodscafaninnovativeideaformethodsteachingatconferencemeetings-2007', 'https://www.jstor.org/stable/20451965', event);\">\n    The Methods Café: An Innovative Idea for Methods Teaching at Conference Meetings.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Yanow, D.;  and Schwartz-Shea, P.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  <i>PS: Political Science and Politics</i>, 40(2): 383–386.  2007.\n  <span class=\"note\">Publisher: [American Political Science Association, Cambridge University Press]</span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"https://www.jstor.org/stable/20451965\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('yanow-schwartzshea-themethodscafaninnovativeideaformethodsteachingatconferencemeetings-2007', 'https://www.jstor.org/stable/20451965', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"The Methods Café: An Innovative Idea for Methods Teaching at Conference Meetings [link]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/yanow-schwartzshea-themethodscafaninnovativeideaformethodsteachingatconferencemeetings-2007\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('yanow-schwartzshea-themethodscafaninnovativeideaformethodsteachingatconferencemeetings-2007')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@article{yanow_methods_2007,\n\ttitle = {The {Methods} {Café}: {An} {Innovative} {Idea} for {Methods} {Teaching} at {Conference} {Meetings}},\n\tvolume = {40},\n\tissn = {1049-0965},\n\tshorttitle = {The {Methods} {Café}},\n\turl = {https://www.jstor.org/stable/20451965},\n\tnumber = {2},\n\turldate = {2024-08-08},\n\tjournal = {PS: Political Science and Politics},\n\tauthor = {Yanow, Dvora and Schwartz-Shea, Peregrine},\n\tyear = {2007},\n\tnote = {Publisher: [American Political Science Association, Cambridge University Press]},\n\tpages = {383--386},\n}\n\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n\n\n\n    </div>\n  </div>\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_group_whole\" id=\"group_2006\">\n    <div class=\"bibbase_group\"\n      onclick=\"toggleGroup('group_2006')\"\n      onkeypress=\"toggleGroup('group_2006')\"\n      tabindex=\"0\">\n      <i class=\"fa fa-angle-down bibbase_group_head_icon\"></i>&nbsp;\n      <span>2006</span>\n      <span class=\"bibbase_group_count\">\n        \n        (4)\n        \n      </span>\n    </div>\n    <div class=\"bibbase_group_body\">\n      \n  \n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"jackson-civilizingtheenemygermanreconstructionandtheinventionofthewest-2006\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"https://press.umich.edu/Books/C/Civilizing-the-Enemy2\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'jackson-civilizingtheenemygermanreconstructionandtheinventionofthewest-2006', 'https://press.umich.edu/Books/C/Civilizing-the-Enemy2', event);\">\n    Civilizing the Enemy: German Reconstruction and the Invention of the West.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Jackson, P. T.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  University of Michigan Press, Ann Arbor, MI, June 2006.\n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"https://press.umich.edu/Books/C/Civilizing-the-Enemy2\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('jackson-civilizingtheenemygermanreconstructionandtheinventionofthewest-2006', 'https://press.umich.edu/Books/C/Civilizing-the-Enemy2', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"Civilizing the Enemy: German Reconstruction and the Invention of the West [link]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/jackson-civilizingtheenemygermanreconstructionandtheinventionofthewest-2006\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('jackson-civilizingtheenemygermanreconstructionandtheinventionofthewest-2006')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@book{jackson_civilizing_2006,\n\taddress = {Ann Arbor, MI},\n\ttitle = {Civilizing the {Enemy}: {German} {Reconstruction} and the {Invention} of the {West}},\n\tisbn = {978-0-472-09929-0},\n\tshorttitle = {Civilizing the {Enemy}},\n\turl = {https://press.umich.edu/Books/C/Civilizing-the-Enemy2},\n\tabstract = {For the past century, politicians have claimed that &quot;Western Civilization&quot; epitomizes democratic values and international stability. But who is a member of &quot;Western Civilization&quot;? Germany, for example, was a sworn enemy of the United States and much of Western Europe in the first part of the twentieth century, but emerged as a staunch Western ally after World War II.  By examining German reconstruction under the Marshall Plan, author Patrick Jackson shows how the rhetorical invention of a West that included Germany was critical to the emergence of the postwar world order. Civilizing the Enemy convincingly describes how concepts are strategically shaped and given weight in modern international relations, by expertly dissecting the history of &quot;the West&quot; and demonstrating its puzzling persistence in the face of contradictory realities.  &quot;By revisiting the early Cold War by means of some carefully conducted intellectual history, Patrick Jackson expertly dissects the post-1945 meanings of &quot;the West&quot; for Europe&#x27;s emergent political imaginary. West German reconstruction, the foundation of NATO, and the idealizing of &#x27;Western civilization&#x27; all appear in fascinating new light.&quot; --Geoff Eley, University of Michigan  &quot;Western civilization is not given but politically made. In this theoretically sophisticated and politically nuanced book, Patrick Jackson argues that Germany&#x27;s reintegration into a Western community of nations was greatly facilitated by civilizational discourse. It established a compelling political logic that guided the victorious Allies in their occupation policy. This book is very topical as it engages critically very different, and less successful, contemporary theoretical constructions and political deployments of civilizational discourse.&quot; --Peter J. Katzenstein, Cornell University  &quot;What sets Patrick Jackson&#x27;s book apart is his attention, on the one hand, to philosophical issues behind the kinds of theoretical claims he makes and, on the other hand, to the methodological implications that follow from those claims. Few scholars are willing and able to do both, and even fewer are as successful as he is in carrying it off. Patrick Jackson is a systematic thinker in a field where theory is all the rage but systematic thinking is in short supply.&quot; --Nicholas Onuf, Florida International University   Patrick Thaddeus Jackson is Assistant Professor of International Relations in American University&#x27;s School of International Service.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tpublisher = {University of Michigan Press},\n\tauthor = {Jackson, Patrick Thaddeus},\n\tmonth = jun,\n\tyear = {2006},\n\tkeywords = {History / Europe / Germany, Political Science / General, Political Science / International Relations / General},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  For the past century, politicians have claimed that \"Western Civilization\" epitomizes democratic values and international stability. But who is a member of \"Western Civilization\"? Germany, for example, was a sworn enemy of the United States and much of Western Europe in the first part of the twentieth century, but emerged as a staunch Western ally after World War II. By examining German reconstruction under the Marshall Plan, author Patrick Jackson shows how the rhetorical invention of a West that included Germany was critical to the emergence of the postwar world order. Civilizing the Enemy convincingly describes how concepts are strategically shaped and given weight in modern international relations, by expertly dissecting the history of \"the West\" and demonstrating its puzzling persistence in the face of contradictory realities. \"By revisiting the early Cold War by means of some carefully conducted intellectual history, Patrick Jackson expertly dissects the post-1945 meanings of \"the West\" for Europe's emergent political imaginary. West German reconstruction, the foundation of NATO, and the idealizing of 'Western civilization' all appear in fascinating new light.\" –Geoff Eley, University of Michigan \"Western civilization is not given but politically made. In this theoretically sophisticated and politically nuanced book, Patrick Jackson argues that Germany's reintegration into a Western community of nations was greatly facilitated by civilizational discourse. It established a compelling political logic that guided the victorious Allies in their occupation policy. This book is very topical as it engages critically very different, and less successful, contemporary theoretical constructions and political deployments of civilizational discourse.\" –Peter J. Katzenstein, Cornell University \"What sets Patrick Jackson's book apart is his attention, on the one hand, to philosophical issues behind the kinds of theoretical claims he makes and, on the other hand, to the methodological implications that follow from those claims. Few scholars are willing and able to do both, and even fewer are as successful as he is in carrying it off. Patrick Jackson is a systematic thinker in a field where theory is all the rage but systematic thinking is in short supply.\" –Nicholas Onuf, Florida International University Patrick Thaddeus Jackson is Assistant Professor of International Relations in American University's School of International Service.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"cohn-motivesandmethodsusingmultisitedethnographytostudyusnationalsecuritydiscourses-2006\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/feminist-methodologies-for-international-relations/motives-and-methods-using-multisited-ethnography-to-study-us-national-security-discourses/035CDE84D9127E50F1920D7DDBD29580\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'cohn-motivesandmethodsusingmultisitedethnographytostudyusnationalsecuritydiscourses-2006', 'https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/feminist-methodologies-for-international-relations/motives-and-methods-using-multisited-ethnography-to-study-us-national-security-discourses/035CDE84D9127E50F1920D7DDBD29580', event);\">\n    Motives and methods: using multi-sited ethnography to study US national security discourses.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Cohn, C.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  In Ackerly, B. A.; True, J.;  and Stern, M., editor(s), <i>Feminist Methodologies for International Relations</i>, pages 91–107. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge,  2006.\n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/feminist-methodologies-for-international-relations/motives-and-methods-using-multisited-ethnography-to-study-us-national-security-discourses/035CDE84D9127E50F1920D7DDBD29580\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('cohn-motivesandmethodsusingmultisitedethnographytostudyusnationalsecuritydiscourses-2006', 'https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/feminist-methodologies-for-international-relations/motives-and-methods-using-multisited-ethnography-to-study-us-national-security-discourses/035CDE84D9127E50F1920D7DDBD29580', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"Motives and methods: using multi-sited ethnography to study US national security discourses [link]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511617690.007\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('cohn-motivesandmethodsusingmultisitedethnographytostudyusnationalsecuritydiscourses-2006', 'http://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511617690.007', event.ctrlKey)\"\n     class=\"bibbase doi link\">\n    <span>doi</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/cohn-motivesandmethodsusingmultisitedethnographytostudyusnationalsecuritydiscourses-2006\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('cohn-motivesandmethodsusingmultisitedethnographytostudyusnationalsecuritydiscourses-2006')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@incollection{ackerly_motives_2006,\n\taddress = {Cambridge},\n\ttitle = {Motives and methods: using multi-sited ethnography to study {US} national security discourses},\n\tisbn = {978-0-521-86115-1},\n\tshorttitle = {Motives and methods},\n\turl = {https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/feminist-methodologies-for-international-relations/motives-and-methods-using-multisited-ethnography-to-study-us-national-security-discourses/035CDE84D9127E50F1920D7DDBD29580},\n\tabstract = {I needed an approach that didn&#x27;t require bad guys with bad attitudes … an approach that would let you look at the nature of the way the whole thing was put together.(Hacker 1990)Follow the metaphorI embarked on my research on gender and security in the mid-1980s, during the height of the Cold War and the so-called “nuclear arms race” between the USA and the Soviet Union. The manufacture and stockpiling of tens of thousands of nuclear weapons, the quest for more “useable nukes” and more “survivable” weapons delivery systems – all of it seemed so wildly irrational to me that I was consumed by the questions: “How can they do this? How can they even think this way?”Initially, those questions were more expressions of moral anguish and political despair than anything I might have ever thought of as “a good research question.” However, the intensity of my concern led me to take an opportunity to learn about nuclear weapons from some of the men who made their living thinking about nuclear weaponry and strategy. And that experience, my first close encounter with the discursive universe of national security elites, ultimately led me into an extensive, multi-sited study of the role of gender in shaping US national security paradigms, policies, and practices (Cohn, forthcoming). This chapter is a reflection on the methodological choices I made in the course of that study.},\n\turldate = {2024-08-11},\n\tbooktitle = {Feminist {Methodologies} for {International} {Relations}},\n\tpublisher = {Cambridge University Press},\n\tauthor = {Cohn, Carol},\n\teditor = {Ackerly, Brooke A. and True, Jacqui and Stern, Maria},\n\tyear = {2006},\n\tdoi = {10.1017/CBO9780511617690.007},\n\tpages = {91--107},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  I needed an approach that didn't require bad guys with bad attitudes … an approach that would let you look at the nature of the way the whole thing was put together.(Hacker 1990)Follow the metaphorI embarked on my research on gender and security in the mid-1980s, during the height of the Cold War and the so-called “nuclear arms race” between the USA and the Soviet Union. The manufacture and stockpiling of tens of thousands of nuclear weapons, the quest for more “useable nukes” and more “survivable” weapons delivery systems – all of it seemed so wildly irrational to me that I was consumed by the questions: “How can they do this? How can they even think this way?”Initially, those questions were more expressions of moral anguish and political despair than anything I might have ever thought of as “a good research question.” However, the intensity of my concern led me to take an opportunity to learn about nuclear weapons from some of the men who made their living thinking about nuclear weaponry and strategy. And that experience, my first close encounter with the discursive universe of national security elites, ultimately led me into an extensive, multi-sited study of the role of gender in shaping US national security paradigms, policies, and practices (Cohn, forthcoming). This chapter is a reflection on the methodological choices I made in the course of that study.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"bevir-rhodes-governancestories-2006\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  Governance Stories.\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Bevir, M.;  and Rhodes, R. A. W.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  Routledge, April 2006.\n  <span class=\"note\">Google-Books-ID: ZbhU4en1txMC</span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/bevir-rhodes-governancestories-2006\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('bevir-rhodes-governancestories-2006')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@book{bevir_governance_2006,\n\ttitle = {Governance {Stories}},\n\tisbn = {978-1-134-18420-0},\n\tabstract = {An incisive examination of Britain today, which breaks from traditional studies, and takes a new approach to account for massive changes in the make-up of the nation.Over the last twenty years Britain has changed from being governed as a unitary state to a country ruled by the interplay of various forces: central government, the market, public-private partnerships, new local government structures (eg. the new Mayoral system), greater regional autonomy as well as the EU and transnational businesses and organizations.In their earlier book Interpreting British Governance, Bevir and Rhodes examined changes in British government by setting out an interpretative approach to British political science, which focussed on an aggregate analysis of British political traditions. This new study builds on this work to: provide a theoretical defence of situated agency located in the historical context of British political science compare their approach to British political science with others including, post-structural and institutional analysis present a general account of governance as the context for ethnographic analyses of governance in action deliver studies of the consumers of public services, the National Health Service, government departments and policy networks. This book will be of great interest to advanced students and researchers of political theory, public policy, British politics and British history.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tpublisher = {Routledge},\n\tauthor = {Bevir, Mark and Rhodes, R. A. W.},\n\tmonth = apr,\n\tyear = {2006},\n\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: ZbhU4en1txMC},\n\tkeywords = {Political Science / General, Political Science / History \\&amp; Theory, Political Science / International Relations / General},\n}\n\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  An incisive examination of Britain today, which breaks from traditional studies, and takes a new approach to account for massive changes in the make-up of the nation.Over the last twenty years Britain has changed from being governed as a unitary state to a country ruled by the interplay of various forces: central government, the market, public-private partnerships, new local government structures (eg. the new Mayoral system), greater regional autonomy as well as the EU and transnational businesses and organizations.In their earlier book Interpreting British Governance, Bevir and Rhodes examined changes in British government by setting out an interpretative approach to British political science, which focussed on an aggregate analysis of British political traditions. This new study builds on this work to: provide a theoretical defence of situated agency located in the historical context of British political science compare their approach to British political science with others including, post-structural and institutional analysis present a general account of governance as the context for ethnographic analyses of governance in action deliver studies of the consumers of public services, the National Health Service, government departments and policy networks. This book will be of great interest to advanced students and researchers of political theory, public policy, British politics and British history.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"schwedler-faithinmoderationislamistpartiesinjordanandyemen-2006\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/faith-in-moderation/CEEB41411963D1A4C824288D16421FFE\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'schwedler-faithinmoderationislamistpartiesinjordanandyemen-2006', 'https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/faith-in-moderation/CEEB41411963D1A4C824288D16421FFE', event);\">\n    Faith in Moderation: Islamist Parties in Jordan and Yemen.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Schwedler, J.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  Cambridge University Press, Cambridge,  2006.\n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/faith-in-moderation/CEEB41411963D1A4C824288D16421FFE\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('schwedler-faithinmoderationislamistpartiesinjordanandyemen-2006', 'https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/faith-in-moderation/CEEB41411963D1A4C824288D16421FFE', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"Faith in Moderation: Islamist Parties in Jordan and Yemen [link]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511550829\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('schwedler-faithinmoderationislamistpartiesinjordanandyemen-2006', 'http://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511550829', event.ctrlKey)\"\n     class=\"bibbase doi link\">\n    <span>doi</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/schwedler-faithinmoderationislamistpartiesinjordanandyemen-2006\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('schwedler-faithinmoderationislamistpartiesinjordanandyemen-2006')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@book{schwedler_faith_2006,\n\taddress = {Cambridge},\n\ttitle = {Faith in {Moderation}: {Islamist} {Parties} in {Jordan} and {Yemen}},\n\tisbn = {978-0-521-85113-8},\n\tshorttitle = {Faith in {Moderation}},\n\turl = {https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/faith-in-moderation/CEEB41411963D1A4C824288D16421FFE},\n\tabstract = {Does political inclusion produce ideological moderation? Schwedler argues that examining political behaviour alone provides insufficient evidence of moderation because it leaves open the possibility that political actors might act as if they are moderate while harbouring radical agendas. Through a comparative study of the Islamic Action Front party in Jordan and the Islah party in Yemen, she argues that the IAF in Jordan has become more moderate through participation in pluralist political processes, while the Islah party has not. The variation is explained in part by internal group organization and decision-making processes, but particularly by the ways in which the IAF has been able to justify its new pluralist practices on Islamic terms while the Islah party has not. Based on nearly four years of field research in Jordan and Yemen, Schwedler contributes both an important theory of ideological moderation and detail about these powerful Islamist political parties.},\n\turldate = {2024-08-08},\n\tpublisher = {Cambridge University Press},\n\tauthor = {Schwedler, Jillian},\n\tyear = {2006},\n\tdoi = {10.1017/CBO9780511550829},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  Does political inclusion produce ideological moderation? Schwedler argues that examining political behaviour alone provides insufficient evidence of moderation because it leaves open the possibility that political actors might act as if they are moderate while harbouring radical agendas. Through a comparative study of the Islamic Action Front party in Jordan and the Islah party in Yemen, she argues that the IAF in Jordan has become more moderate through participation in pluralist political processes, while the Islah party has not. The variation is explained in part by internal group organization and decision-making processes, but particularly by the ways in which the IAF has been able to justify its new pluralist practices on Islamic terms while the Islah party has not. Based on nearly four years of field research in Jordan and Yemen, Schwedler contributes both an important theory of ideological moderation and detail about these powerful Islamist political parties.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n\n\n\n    </div>\n  </div>\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_group_whole\" id=\"group_2005\">\n    <div class=\"bibbase_group\"\n      onclick=\"toggleGroup('group_2005')\"\n      onkeypress=\"toggleGroup('group_2005')\"\n      tabindex=\"0\">\n      <i class=\"fa fa-angle-down bibbase_group_head_icon\"></i>&nbsp;\n      <span>2005</span>\n      <span class=\"bibbase_group_count\">\n        \n        (1)\n        \n      </span>\n    </div>\n    <div class=\"bibbase_group_body\">\n      \n  \n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"monroe-perestroikatheraucousrebellioninpoliticalscience-2005\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  Perestroika!: The Raucous Rebellion in Political Science.\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Monroe, K. R.,\n  editor.\n  \n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  Yale University Press, New Haven, First Edition edition, September 2005.\n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/monroe-perestroikatheraucousrebellioninpoliticalscience-2005\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('monroe-perestroikatheraucousrebellioninpoliticalscience-2005')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@book{monroe_perestroika_2005,\n\taddress = {New Haven},\n\tedition = {First Edition},\n\ttitle = {Perestroika!: {The} {Raucous} {Rebellion} in {Political} {Science}},\n\tisbn = {978-0-300-09981-2},\n\tshorttitle = {Perestroika!},\n\tabstract = {An examination of the movement that has turned the discipline of political science upside down This superb volume describes the events and ramifications of a revolt within the political science discipline that began in 2000 with a disgruntled e-mail message signed by one “Mr. Perestroika.” The message went to seventeen recipients who quickly forwarded it to others, and soon the Perestroika revolt became a major movement calling for change in the American political science community.What is the Perestroika movement? Why did it occur? What has it accomplished? What remains to be done? Most important, what does it tell us about the nature of political science, about methodological pluralism and diversity, about the process of publishing scholarly work, and about graduate education in the field? The contributors to the book—thoughtful political scientists who offer a variety of perspectives—set the Perestroika movement in historical and comparative contexts. They address many topics related to heart of the debate—a desire for tolerance of methodological diversity—and assess the changes that have come in the wake of Perestroika. For political scientists and their graduate students, and for those interested in the history or sociology of social sciences, this volume is essential reading.},\n\tlanguage = {English},\n\tpublisher = {Yale University Press},\n\teditor = {Monroe, Kristen Renwick},\n\tmonth = sep,\n\tyear = {2005},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  An examination of the movement that has turned the discipline of political science upside down This superb volume describes the events and ramifications of a revolt within the political science discipline that began in 2000 with a disgruntled e-mail message signed by one “Mr. Perestroika.” The message went to seventeen recipients who quickly forwarded it to others, and soon the Perestroika revolt became a major movement calling for change in the American political science community.What is the Perestroika movement? Why did it occur? What has it accomplished? What remains to be done? Most important, what does it tell us about the nature of political science, about methodological pluralism and diversity, about the process of publishing scholarly work, and about graduate education in the field? The contributors to the book—thoughtful political scientists who offer a variety of perspectives—set the Perestroika movement in historical and comparative contexts. They address many topics related to heart of the debate—a desire for tolerance of methodological diversity—and assess the changes that have come in the wake of Perestroika. For political scientists and their graduate students, and for those interested in the history or sociology of social sciences, this volume is essential reading.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n\n\n\n    </div>\n  </div>\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_group_whole\" id=\"group_2004\">\n    <div class=\"bibbase_group\"\n      onclick=\"toggleGroup('group_2004')\"\n      onkeypress=\"toggleGroup('group_2004')\"\n      tabindex=\"0\">\n      <i class=\"fa fa-angle-down bibbase_group_head_icon\"></i>&nbsp;\n      <span>2004</span>\n      <span class=\"bibbase_group_count\">\n        \n        (1)\n        \n      </span>\n    </div>\n    <div class=\"bibbase_group_body\">\n      \n  \n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"wedeen-conceptsandcommitmentsinthestudyofdemocracy-2004\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/problems-and-methods-in-the-study-of-politics/concepts-and-commitments-in-the-study-of-democracy/5ED80377DF141B2DED39F7A4C8B1CD69\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'wedeen-conceptsandcommitmentsinthestudyofdemocracy-2004', 'https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/problems-and-methods-in-the-study-of-politics/concepts-and-commitments-in-the-study-of-democracy/5ED80377DF141B2DED39F7A4C8B1CD69', event);\">\n    Concepts and commitments in the study of democracy.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Wedeen, L.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  In Shapiro, I.; Smith, R. M.;  and Masoud, T. E., editor(s), <i>Problems and Methods in the Study of Politics</i>, pages 274–306. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge,  2004.\n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/problems-and-methods-in-the-study-of-politics/concepts-and-commitments-in-the-study-of-democracy/5ED80377DF141B2DED39F7A4C8B1CD69\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('wedeen-conceptsandcommitmentsinthestudyofdemocracy-2004', 'https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/problems-and-methods-in-the-study-of-politics/concepts-and-commitments-in-the-study-of-democracy/5ED80377DF141B2DED39F7A4C8B1CD69', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"Concepts and commitments in the study of democracy [link]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511492174.013\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('wedeen-conceptsandcommitmentsinthestudyofdemocracy-2004', 'http://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511492174.013', event.ctrlKey)\"\n     class=\"bibbase doi link\">\n    <span>doi</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/wedeen-conceptsandcommitmentsinthestudyofdemocracy-2004\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('wedeen-conceptsandcommitmentsinthestudyofdemocracy-2004')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@incollection{shapiro_concepts_2004,\n\taddress = {Cambridge},\n\ttitle = {Concepts and commitments in the study of democracy},\n\tisbn = {978-0-521-83174-1},\n\turl = {https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/problems-and-methods-in-the-study-of-politics/concepts-and-commitments-in-the-study-of-democracy/5ED80377DF141B2DED39F7A4C8B1CD69},\n\tabstract = {IntroductionThis chapter imagines a conversation among three different communities of scholarship on democracy. One approach, what we might call scientific studies of political economy, tends to explore the relationship between economic development and democracy (or sometimes more broadly, regime type); it uses formal theoretical models combined with statistical ones for empirical testing in an effort to come up with law-like rules or patterns governing political behavior. Another approach, framed by an interpretive, philosophical commitment to understanding the relationship between words and politics, examines the conceptual conundrums and meanings associated with words such as democracy. Still another approach, also termed “interpretive,” investigates the substantive activities undertaken by individuals and/or groups comprising the political order – the everyday practices and systems of signification associated with democracy in particular places. Each is dedicated to solving problems of abiding relevance to empirical politics, and each employs one or more methods to do so. Yet the kinds of questions, the terms of debate, the definition of democracy, the importance of science, the role methods play, and the underlying epistemological commitments animating each differ in critical and recognizable ways. This chapter considers the questions that are enabled or foreclosed in opting for one approach over the other. It asks: what are the scholarly and political stakes involved in thinking about democracy in ways that emphasize scientific methods or that tackle long-standing theoretical confusions?},\n\turldate = {2024-08-08},\n\tbooktitle = {Problems and {Methods} in the {Study} of {Politics}},\n\tpublisher = {Cambridge University Press},\n\tauthor = {Wedeen, Lisa},\n\teditor = {Shapiro, Ian and Smith, Rogers M. and Masoud, Tarek E.},\n\tyear = {2004},\n\tdoi = {10.1017/CBO9780511492174.013},\n\tpages = {274--306},\n}\n\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  IntroductionThis chapter imagines a conversation among three different communities of scholarship on democracy. One approach, what we might call scientific studies of political economy, tends to explore the relationship between economic development and democracy (or sometimes more broadly, regime type); it uses formal theoretical models combined with statistical ones for empirical testing in an effort to come up with law-like rules or patterns governing political behavior. Another approach, framed by an interpretive, philosophical commitment to understanding the relationship between words and politics, examines the conceptual conundrums and meanings associated with words such as democracy. Still another approach, also termed “interpretive,” investigates the substantive activities undertaken by individuals and/or groups comprising the political order – the everyday practices and systems of signification associated with democracy in particular places. Each is dedicated to solving problems of abiding relevance to empirical politics, and each employs one or more methods to do so. Yet the kinds of questions, the terms of debate, the definition of democracy, the importance of science, the role methods play, and the underlying epistemological commitments animating each differ in critical and recognizable ways. This chapter considers the questions that are enabled or foreclosed in opting for one approach over the other. It asks: what are the scholarly and political stakes involved in thinking about democracy in ways that emphasize scientific methods or that tackle long-standing theoretical confusions?\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n\n\n\n    </div>\n  </div>\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_group_whole\" id=\"group_2003\">\n    <div class=\"bibbase_group\"\n      onclick=\"toggleGroup('group_2003')\"\n      onkeypress=\"toggleGroup('group_2003')\"\n      tabindex=\"0\">\n      <i class=\"fa fa-angle-down bibbase_group_head_icon\"></i>&nbsp;\n      <span>2003</span>\n      <span class=\"bibbase_group_count\">\n        \n        (9)\n        \n      </span>\n    </div>\n    <div class=\"bibbase_group_body\">\n      \n  \n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"hajer-wagenaar-deliberativepolicyanalysisunderstandinggovernanceinthenetworksociety-2003\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  Deliberative Policy Analysis: Understanding Governance in the Network Society.\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Hajer, M. A.;  and Wagenaar, H.,\n  editors.\n  \n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  Cambridge University Press, United Kingdom, May 2003.\n  <span class=\"note\">Google-Books-ID: k8mVZYSrchQC</span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/hajer-wagenaar-deliberativepolicyanalysisunderstandinggovernanceinthenetworksociety-2003\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('hajer-wagenaar-deliberativepolicyanalysisunderstandinggovernanceinthenetworksociety-2003')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@book{hajer_deliberative_2003,\n\taddress = {United Kingdom},\n\ttitle = {Deliberative {Policy} {Analysis}: {Understanding} {Governance} in the {Network} {Society}},\n\tisbn = {978-0-521-53070-5},\n\tshorttitle = {Deliberative {Policy} {Analysis}},\n\tabstract = {What kind of policy analysis is required now that governments increasingly encounter the limits of governing? Exploring the contexts of politics and policy making, this 2003 book presents an original analysis of the relationship between state and society, and new possibilities for collective learning and conflict resolution. The key insight of the book is that democratic governance calls for a new deliberatively-oriented policy analysis. Traditionally policy analysis has been state-centered, based on the assumption that central government is self-evidently the locus of governing. Drawing on detailed empirical examples, the book examines the influence of developments such as increasing ethnic and cultural diversity, the complexity of socio-technical systems, and the impact of transnational arrangements on national policy making. This contextual approach indicates the need to rethink the relationship between social theory, policy analysis, and politics. The book is essential reading for all those involved in the study of public policy.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tpublisher = {Cambridge University Press},\n\teditor = {Hajer, Maarten A. and Wagenaar, Hendrik},\n\tmonth = may,\n\tyear = {2003},\n\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: k8mVZYSrchQC},\n\tkeywords = {Political Science / General, Political Science / Public Policy / Economic Policy, Social Science / Sociology / General},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  What kind of policy analysis is required now that governments increasingly encounter the limits of governing? Exploring the contexts of politics and policy making, this 2003 book presents an original analysis of the relationship between state and society, and new possibilities for collective learning and conflict resolution. The key insight of the book is that democratic governance calls for a new deliberatively-oriented policy analysis. Traditionally policy analysis has been state-centered, based on the assumption that central government is self-evidently the locus of governing. Drawing on detailed empirical examples, the book examines the influence of developments such as increasing ethnic and cultural diversity, the complexity of socio-technical systems, and the impact of transnational arrangements on national policy making. This contextual approach indicates the need to rethink the relationship between social theory, policy analysis, and politics. The book is essential reading for all those involved in the study of public policy.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"fischer-reframingpublicpolicydiscursivepoliticsanddeliberativepractices-2003\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  Reframing Public Policy: Discursive Politics and Deliberative Practices.\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Fischer, F.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  Oxford University Press, NY, June 2003.\n  <span class=\"note\">Google-Books-ID: yR0dZ42TjgUC</span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/fischer-reframingpublicpolicydiscursivepoliticsanddeliberativepractices-2003\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('fischer-reframingpublicpolicydiscursivepoliticsanddeliberativepractices-2003')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@book{fischer_reframing_2003,\n\taddress = {NY},\n\ttitle = {Reframing {Public} {Policy}: {Discursive} {Politics} and {Deliberative} {Practices}},\n\tisbn = {978-0-19-152936-8},\n\tshorttitle = {Reframing {Public} {Policy}},\n\tabstract = {In recent years a set of radical new approaches to public policy has been developing. These approaches, drawing on discursive analysis and participatory deliberative practices, have come to challenge the dominant technocratic, empiricist models in policy analysis. In his major new book Frank Fischer brings together this new work for the first time and critically examines it. In an accessible way he describes the theoretical, methodological, and political requirements and implications of the new &quot;post-empiricist&quot; approach to public policy. The volume includes a discussion of the social construction of policy problems, the role of interpretation and narrative analysis in policy inquiry, the dialectics of policy argumentation, and the uses of participatory policy analysis. The book will be required reading for anyone studying, researching, or formulating public policy.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tpublisher = {Oxford University Press},\n\tauthor = {Fischer, Frank},\n\tmonth = jun,\n\tyear = {2003},\n\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: yR0dZ42TjgUC},\n\tkeywords = {Business \\&amp; Economics / Industries / General, Political Science / History \\&amp; Theory, Political Science / Public Policy / General, Social Science / Sociology / General},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  In recent years a set of radical new approaches to public policy has been developing. These approaches, drawing on discursive analysis and participatory deliberative practices, have come to challenge the dominant technocratic, empiricist models in policy analysis. In his major new book Frank Fischer brings together this new work for the first time and critically examines it. In an accessible way he describes the theoretical, methodological, and political requirements and implications of the new \"post-empiricist\" approach to public policy. The volume includes a discussion of the social construction of policy problems, the role of interpretation and narrative analysis in policy inquiry, the dialectics of policy argumentation, and the uses of participatory policy analysis. The book will be required reading for anyone studying, researching, or formulating public policy.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"yanow-interpretiveempiricalpoliticalsciencewhatmakesthisnotasubfieldofqualitativemethods-2003\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"https://zenodo.org/records/998761\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'yanow-interpretiveempiricalpoliticalsciencewhatmakesthisnotasubfieldofqualitativemethods-2003', 'https://zenodo.org/records/998761', event);\">\n    Interpretive empirical political science: What makes this not a subfield of qualitative methods.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Yanow, D.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  <i>Qualitative & Multi-Method Research</i>, 1(2): 9–13. September 2003.\n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"https://zenodo.org/records/998761\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('yanow-interpretiveempiricalpoliticalsciencewhatmakesthisnotasubfieldofqualitativemethods-2003', 'https://zenodo.org/records/998761', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"Interpretive empirical political science: What makes this not a subfield of qualitative methods [link]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.998761\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('yanow-interpretiveempiricalpoliticalsciencewhatmakesthisnotasubfieldofqualitativemethods-2003', 'http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.998761', event.ctrlKey)\"\n     class=\"bibbase doi link\">\n    <span>doi</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/yanow-interpretiveempiricalpoliticalsciencewhatmakesthisnotasubfieldofqualitativemethods-2003\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('yanow-interpretiveempiricalpoliticalsciencewhatmakesthisnotasubfieldofqualitativemethods-2003')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@article{yanow_interpretive_2003,\n\ttitle = {Interpretive empirical political science: {What} makes this not a subfield of qualitative methods},\n\tvolume = {1},\n\tshorttitle = {Interpretive empirical political science},\n\turl = {https://zenodo.org/records/998761},\n\tdoi = {10.5281/zenodo.998761},\n\tabstract = {The new section on Qualitative Methods draws attention to the fact that &quot;Political Methodology,&quot; as the &quot;old&quot; methods section is called, does not encompass the whole range of research methods available to and used by scholars doing political research.  And yet some researchers feel that &quot;qualitative&quot; methodology itself does not capture the full range of non-quantitative methods used by political science researchers.  This was especially clear in the treatment of &quot;qualitative methods&quot; by several of the articles in the premiere issue of the newsletter:  they did not reflect the character of the work that is increasingly being subsumed under the heading &quot;interpretive research methods.&quot;  It seems appropriate, then, to delineate what interpretive research entails by contrasting it with qualitative methods.},\n\tnumber = {2},\n\turldate = {2024-08-13},\n\tjournal = {Qualitative \\&amp; Multi-Method Research},\n\tauthor = {Yanow, Dvora},\n\tmonth = sep,\n\tyear = {2003},\n\tkeywords = {qualitative methods},\n\tpages = {9--13},\n}\n\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  The new section on Qualitative Methods draws attention to the fact that \"Political Methodology,\" as the \"old\" methods section is called, does not encompass the whole range of research methods available to and used by scholars doing political research.  And yet some researchers feel that \"qualitative\" methodology itself does not capture the full range of non-quantitative methods used by political science researchers.  This was especially clear in the treatment of \"qualitative methods\" by several of the articles in the premiere issue of the newsletter:  they did not reflect the character of the work that is increasingly being subsumed under the heading \"interpretive research methods.\"  It seems appropriate, then, to delineate what interpretive research entails by contrasting it with qualitative methods.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"lakoff-johnson-metaphorsweliveby-2003\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"https://press.uchicago.edu/ucp/books/book/chicago/M/bo3637992.html\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'lakoff-johnson-metaphorsweliveby-2003', 'https://press.uchicago.edu/ucp/books/book/chicago/M/bo3637992.html', event);\">\n    Metaphors We Live By.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Lakoff, G.;  and Johnson, M.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  University of Chicago Press, Chicago, IL, April 2003.\n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"https://press.uchicago.edu/ucp/books/book/chicago/M/bo3637992.html\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('lakoff-johnson-metaphorsweliveby-2003', 'https://press.uchicago.edu/ucp/books/book/chicago/M/bo3637992.html', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"Metaphors We Live By [link]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/lakoff-johnson-metaphorsweliveby-2003\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('lakoff-johnson-metaphorsweliveby-2003')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@book{lakoff_metaphors_2003,\n\taddress = {Chicago, IL},\n\ttitle = {Metaphors {We} {Live} {By}},\n\tisbn = {978-0-226-46801-3},\n\turl = {https://press.uchicago.edu/ucp/books/book/chicago/M/bo3637992.html},\n\tabstract = {The now-classic Metaphors We Live By changed our understanding of metaphor and its role in language and the mind. Metaphor, the authors explain, is a fundamental mechanism of mind, one that allows us to use what we know about our physical and social experience to provide understanding of countless other subjects. Because such metaphors structure our most basic understandings of our experience, they are &quot;metaphors we live by&quot;—metaphors that can shape our perceptions and actions without our ever noticing them.In this updated edition of Lakoff and Johnson’s influential book, the authors supply an afterword surveying how their theory of metaphor has developed within the cognitive sciences to become central to the contemporary understanding of how we think and how we express our thoughts in language.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\turldate = {2024-08-13},\n\tpublisher = {University of Chicago Press},\n\tauthor = {Lakoff, George and Johnson, Mark},\n\teditor = {Afterword, With a new},\n\tmonth = apr,\n\tyear = {2003},\n\tkeywords = {categories, categorization, causation, cognition, concepts, culture, dehumanizing, experience, influence, language, linguistics, marginalization, metaphor, metonymy, nonfiction, objectivism, patterns, perception, personification, philosophy, politics, reality, similarity, sociology, subconscious, subjectivism, truth, understanding},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  The now-classic Metaphors We Live By changed our understanding of metaphor and its role in language and the mind. Metaphor, the authors explain, is a fundamental mechanism of mind, one that allows us to use what we know about our physical and social experience to provide understanding of countless other subjects. Because such metaphors structure our most basic understandings of our experience, they are \"metaphors we live by\"—metaphors that can shape our perceptions and actions without our ever noticing them.In this updated edition of Lakoff and Johnson’s influential book, the authors supply an afterword surveying how their theory of metaphor has developed within the cognitive sciences to become central to the contemporary understanding of how we think and how we express our thoughts in language.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"yanow-constructingraceandethnicityinamericacategorymakinginpublicpolicyandadministration-2003\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"https://www.routledge.com/Constructing-Race-and-Ethnicity-in-America-Category-making-in-Public-Policy-and-Administration/Yanow/p/book/9780765608017\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'yanow-constructingraceandethnicityinamericacategorymakinginpublicpolicyandadministration-2003', 'https://www.routledge.com/Constructing-Race-and-Ethnicity-in-America-Category-making-in-Public-Policy-and-Administration/Yanow/p/book/9780765608017', event);\">\n    Constructing Race and Ethnicity in America: Category-making in Public Policy and Administration.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Yanow, D.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  M.E. Sharpe, Armonk, NY,  2003.\n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"https://www.routledge.com/Constructing-Race-and-Ethnicity-in-America-Category-making-in-Public-Policy-and-Administration/Yanow/p/book/9780765608017\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('yanow-constructingraceandethnicityinamericacategorymakinginpublicpolicyandadministration-2003', 'https://www.routledge.com/Constructing-Race-and-Ethnicity-in-America-Category-making-in-Public-Policy-and-Administration/Yanow/p/book/9780765608017', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"Constructing Race and Ethnicity in America: Category-making in Public Policy and Administration [link]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/yanow-constructingraceandethnicityinamericacategorymakinginpublicpolicyandadministration-2003\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('yanow-constructingraceandethnicityinamericacategorymakinginpublicpolicyandadministration-2003')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@book{yanow_constructing_2003,\n\taddress = {Armonk, NY},\n\ttitle = {Constructing {Race} and {Ethnicity} in {America}: {Category}-making in {Public} {Policy} and {Administration}},\n\tisbn = {978-1-317-47392-3},\n\tshorttitle = {Constructing {Race} and {Ethnicity} in {America}},\n\turl = {https://www.routledge.com/Constructing-Race-and-Ethnicity-in-America-Category-making-in-Public-Policy-and-Administration/Yanow/p/book/9780765608017},\n\tabstract = {What do we mean in the U.S. today when we use the terms &quot;race&quot; and &quot;ethnicity&quot;? What do we mean, and what do we understand, when we use the five standard race-ethnic categories: White, Black, Asian, Native American, and Hispanic? Most federal and state data collection agencies use these terms without explicit attention, and thereby create categories of American ethnicity for political purposes. Davora Yanow argues that &quot;race&quot; and &quot;ethnicity&quot; are socially constructed concepts, not objective, scientifically-grounded variables, and do not accurately represent the real world. She joins the growing critique of the unreflective use of &quot;race&quot; and &quot;ethnicity&quot; in American policymaking through an exploration of how these terms are used in everyday practices. Her book is filled with current examples and analyses from a wealth of social institutions: health care, education, criminal justice, and government at all levels. The questions she raises for society and public policy are endless. Yanow maintains that these issues must be addressed explicitly, publicly, and nationally if we are to make our policy and administrative institutions operate more effectively.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tpublisher = {M.E. Sharpe},\n\tauthor = {Yanow, Dvora},\n\tyear = {2003},\n\tkeywords = {History / Europe / General, Political Science / General, Social Science / Ethnic Studies / General, Social Science / Sociology / General},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  What do we mean in the U.S. today when we use the terms \"race\" and \"ethnicity\"? What do we mean, and what do we understand, when we use the five standard race-ethnic categories: White, Black, Asian, Native American, and Hispanic? Most federal and state data collection agencies use these terms without explicit attention, and thereby create categories of American ethnicity for political purposes. Davora Yanow argues that \"race\" and \"ethnicity\" are socially constructed concepts, not objective, scientifically-grounded variables, and do not accurately represent the real world. She joins the growing critique of the unreflective use of \"race\" and \"ethnicity\" in American policymaking through an exploration of how these terms are used in everyday practices. Her book is filled with current examples and analyses from a wealth of social institutions: health care, education, criminal justice, and government at all levels. The questions she raises for society and public policy are endless. Yanow maintains that these issues must be addressed explicitly, publicly, and nationally if we are to make our policy and administrative institutions operate more effectively.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"shehata-inthebashashousetheorganizationalcultureofegyptianpublicsectorenterprise-2003\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"https://www.jstor.org/stable/3879929\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'shehata-inthebashashousetheorganizationalcultureofegyptianpublicsectorenterprise-2003', 'https://www.jstor.org/stable/3879929', event);\">\n    In the Basha's House: The Organizational Culture of Egyptian Public-Sector Enterprise.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Shehata, S.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  <i>International Journal of Middle East Studies</i>, 35(1): 103–132.  2003.\n  <span class=\"note\">Publisher: Cambridge University Press</span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"https://www.jstor.org/stable/3879929\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('shehata-inthebashashousetheorganizationalcultureofegyptianpublicsectorenterprise-2003', 'https://www.jstor.org/stable/3879929', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"In the Basha&#x27;s House: The Organizational Culture of Egyptian Public-Sector Enterprise [link]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/shehata-inthebashashousetheorganizationalcultureofegyptianpublicsectorenterprise-2003\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('shehata-inthebashashousetheorganizationalcultureofegyptianpublicsectorenterprise-2003')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@article{shehata_bashas_2003,\n\ttitle = {In the {Basha}&#x27;s {House}: {The} {Organizational} {Culture} of {Egyptian} {Public}-{Sector} {Enterprise}},\n\tvolume = {35},\n\tissn = {0020-7438},\n\tshorttitle = {In the {Basha}&#x27;s {House}},\n\turl = {https://www.jstor.org/stable/3879929},\n\tnumber = {1},\n\turldate = {2024-08-12},\n\tjournal = {International Journal of Middle East Studies},\n\tauthor = {Shehata, Samer},\n\tyear = {2003},\n\tnote = {Publisher: Cambridge University Press},\n\tpages = {103--132},\n}\n\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"oren-ourenemiesandusamericasrivalriesandthemakingofpoliticalscience-2003\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"https://www.cornellpress.cornell.edu/book/9780801478949/our-enemies-and-us/#bookTabs=1\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'oren-ourenemiesandusamericasrivalriesandthemakingofpoliticalscience-2003', 'https://www.cornellpress.cornell.edu/book/9780801478949/our-enemies-and-us/#bookTabs=1', event);\">\n    Our Enemies and US: America's Rivalries and the Making of Political Science.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Oren, I.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  Cornell University Press, Ithaca, NY,  2003.\n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"https://www.cornellpress.cornell.edu/book/9780801478949/our-enemies-and-us/#bookTabs=1\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('oren-ourenemiesandusamericasrivalriesandthemakingofpoliticalscience-2003', 'https://www.cornellpress.cornell.edu/book/9780801478949/our-enemies-and-us/#bookTabs=1', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"Our Enemies and US: America&#x27;s Rivalries and the Making of Political Science [link]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/oren-ourenemiesandusamericasrivalriesandthemakingofpoliticalscience-2003\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('oren-ourenemiesandusamericasrivalriesandthemakingofpoliticalscience-2003')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@book{oren_our_2003,\n\taddress = {Ithaca, NY},\n\ttitle = {Our {Enemies} and {US}: {America}&#x27;s {Rivalries} and the {Making} of {Political} {Science}},\n\tisbn = {978-0-8014-3566-9},\n\tshorttitle = {Our {Enemies} and {US}},\n\turl = {https://www.cornellpress.cornell.edu/book/9780801478949/our-enemies-and-us/#bookTabs=1},\n\tabstract = {Ido Oren challenges American political science&#x27;s definition of itself as an objective science attached to democracy. The material Oren unearthed in his research into the discipline&#x27;s ideological nature may discomfit many: Woodrow Wilson&#x27;s admiration of Prussia&#x27;s efficient bureaucracy; the favorable review of Mein Kampf published in the American Political Science Review; the involvement of political scientists in village pacification and interrogation of Viet Cong prisoners during the Vietnam War. Oren reveals the fervently pro-German views of the founder of the discipline, John W. Burgess, who stated that the Teutonic race was politically superior to all others, and he presents evidence of a long-term, intimate relationship between the discipline and the national security agencies of the U.S. government.Oren documents a systematic pattern of historical change in the discipline&#x27;s characterization of America and America&#x27;s chief enemies (Imperial Germany, Nazi Germany, Fascist Italy, and Stalin&#x27;s Russia). These characterizations, he finds, swing from pre-conflict ideological &quot;accommodationism&quot; to post-conflict &quot;nationalism.&quot; Substantial traces of this historical process, in which politics and scholarship intertwine, still remain in the supposedly objective concepts and data sets of contemporary political science.Our Enemies and US is more than an exposé, however. Oren urges academics to be more sensitive to the moral ramifications of their work and to reflect on issues fundamental to the identity of political science. The discipline, he says, must take into account the historical position of its own scholarship.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tpublisher = {Cornell University Press},\n\tauthor = {Oren, Ido},\n\tyear = {2003},\n\tkeywords = {Education / History, History / United States / 20th Century, Political Science / American Government / General, Political Science / History \\&amp; Theory, Political Science / International Relations / General},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  Ido Oren challenges American political science's definition of itself as an objective science attached to democracy. The material Oren unearthed in his research into the discipline's ideological nature may discomfit many: Woodrow Wilson's admiration of Prussia's efficient bureaucracy; the favorable review of Mein Kampf published in the American Political Science Review; the involvement of political scientists in village pacification and interrogation of Viet Cong prisoners during the Vietnam War. Oren reveals the fervently pro-German views of the founder of the discipline, John W. Burgess, who stated that the Teutonic race was politically superior to all others, and he presents evidence of a long-term, intimate relationship between the discipline and the national security agencies of the U.S. government.Oren documents a systematic pattern of historical change in the discipline's characterization of America and America's chief enemies (Imperial Germany, Nazi Germany, Fascist Italy, and Stalin's Russia). These characterizations, he finds, swing from pre-conflict ideological \"accommodationism\" to post-conflict \"nationalism.\" Substantial traces of this historical process, in which politics and scholarship intertwine, still remain in the supposedly objective concepts and data sets of contemporary political science.Our Enemies and US is more than an exposé, however. Oren urges academics to be more sensitive to the moral ramifications of their work and to reflect on issues fundamental to the identity of political science. The discipline, he says, must take into account the historical position of its own scholarship.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"maynardmoody-musheno-copsteacherscounselors-2003\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.3998/mpub.11924\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'maynardmoody-musheno-copsteacherscounselors-2003', 'http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.3998/mpub.11924', event);\">\n    Cops, Teachers, Counselors.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Maynard-Moody, S.;  and Musheno, M.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  University of Michigan Press, Ann Arbor, MI,  2003.\n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.3998/mpub.11924\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('maynardmoody-musheno-copsteacherscounselors-2003', 'http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.3998/mpub.11924', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"Cops, Teachers, Counselors [link]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.org/10.3998/mpub.11924\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('maynardmoody-musheno-copsteacherscounselors-2003', 'http://doi.org/10.3998/mpub.11924', event.ctrlKey)\"\n     class=\"bibbase doi link\">\n    <span>doi</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/maynardmoody-musheno-copsteacherscounselors-2003\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('maynardmoody-musheno-copsteacherscounselors-2003')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@book{maynard-moody_cops_2003,\n\taddress = {Ann Arbor, MI},\n\ttitle = {Cops, {Teachers}, {Counselors}},\n\tisbn = {978-0-472-09832-3},\n\turl = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.3998/mpub.11924},\n\tabstract = {Whether on a patrol beat, in social service offices, or in public school classrooms, street-level workers continually confront rules in relation to their own beliefs about the people they encounter. Cops, Teachers, Counselors is the first major study of street-level bureaucracy to rely on storytelling. Steven Maynard-Moody and Michael Musheno collect the stories told by these workers in order to analyze the ways that they ascribe identities to the people they encounter and use these identities to account for their own decisions and actions. The authors show us how the world of street-level work is defined by the competing tensions of law abidance and cultural abidance in a unique study that finally allows cops, teachers, and counselors to voice their own views of their work.Steven Maynard-Moody is Director of the Policy Research Institute and Professor of Public Administration at the University of Kansas.Michael Musheno is Professor of Justice and Policy Studies at Lycoming College and Professor Emeritus of Justice Studies, Arizona State University.},\n\turldate = {2024-08-12},\n\tpublisher = {University of Michigan Press},\n\tauthor = {Maynard-Moody, Steven and Musheno, Michael},\n\tyear = {2003},\n\tdoi = {10.3998/mpub.11924},\n}\n\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  Whether on a patrol beat, in social service offices, or in public school classrooms, street-level workers continually confront rules in relation to their own beliefs about the people they encounter. Cops, Teachers, Counselors is the first major study of street-level bureaucracy to rely on storytelling. Steven Maynard-Moody and Michael Musheno collect the stories told by these workers in order to analyze the ways that they ascribe identities to the people they encounter and use these identities to account for their own decisions and actions. The authors show us how the world of street-level work is defined by the competing tensions of law abidance and cultural abidance in a unique study that finally allows cops, teachers, and counselors to voice their own views of their work.Steven Maynard-Moody is Director of the Policy Research Institute and Professor of Public Administration at the University of Kansas.Michael Musheno is Professor of Justice and Policy Studies at Lycoming College and Professor Emeritus of Justice Studies, Arizona State University.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"bevir-rhodes-interpretingbritishgovernance-2003\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  Interpreting British Governance.\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Bevir, M.;  and Rhodes, R. A. W.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  Routledge, London, March 2003.\n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.org/10.4324/9780203135914\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('bevir-rhodes-interpretingbritishgovernance-2003', 'http://doi.org/10.4324/9780203135914', event.ctrlKey)\"\n     class=\"bibbase doi link\">\n    <span>doi</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/bevir-rhodes-interpretingbritishgovernance-2003\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('bevir-rhodes-interpretingbritishgovernance-2003')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@book{bevir_interpreting_2003,\n\taddress = {London},\n\ttitle = {Interpreting {British} {Governance}},\n\tisbn = {978-0-203-13591-4},\n\tabstract = {How is Britain governed? Have we entered a new era of governance? Can traditional approaches to governance help us to interpret 21st century Britain?This book},\n\tpublisher = {Routledge},\n\tauthor = {Bevir, Mark and Rhodes, R. A. W.},\n\tmonth = mar,\n\tyear = {2003},\n\tdoi = {10.4324/9780203135914},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  How is Britain governed? Have we entered a new era of governance? Can traditional approaches to governance help us to interpret 21st century Britain?This book\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n\n\n\n    </div>\n  </div>\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_group_whole\" id=\"group_2002\">\n    <div class=\"bibbase_group\"\n      onclick=\"toggleGroup('group_2002')\"\n      onkeypress=\"toggleGroup('group_2002')\"\n      tabindex=\"0\">\n      <i class=\"fa fa-angle-down bibbase_group_head_icon\"></i>&nbsp;\n      <span>2002</span>\n      <span class=\"bibbase_group_count\">\n        \n        (4)\n        \n      </span>\n    </div>\n    <div class=\"bibbase_group_body\">\n      \n  \n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"stivers-genderimagesinpublicadministrationlegitimacyandtheadministrativestate-2002\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"https://sk.sagepub.com/books/gender-images-in-public-administration-2e\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'stivers-genderimagesinpublicadministrationlegitimacyandtheadministrativestate-2002', 'https://sk.sagepub.com/books/gender-images-in-public-administration-2e', event);\">\n    Gender Images in Public Administration: Legitimacy and the Administrative State.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Stivers, C.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  SAGE Publications, Inc., Newbury Park, CA, 2 edition,  2002.\n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"https://sk.sagepub.com/books/gender-images-in-public-administration-2e\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('stivers-genderimagesinpublicadministrationlegitimacyandtheadministrativestate-2002', 'https://sk.sagepub.com/books/gender-images-in-public-administration-2e', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"Gender Images in Public Administration: Legitimacy and the Administrative State [link]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.org/10.4135/9781452229294\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('stivers-genderimagesinpublicadministrationlegitimacyandtheadministrativestate-2002', 'http://doi.org/10.4135/9781452229294', event.ctrlKey)\"\n     class=\"bibbase doi link\">\n    <span>doi</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/stivers-genderimagesinpublicadministrationlegitimacyandtheadministrativestate-2002\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('stivers-genderimagesinpublicadministrationlegitimacyandtheadministrativestate-2002')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@book{stivers_gender_2002,\n\taddress = {Newbury Park, CA},\n\tedition = {2},\n\ttitle = {Gender {Images} in {Public} {Administration}: {Legitimacy} and the {Administrative} {State}},\n\tshorttitle = {Gender {Images} in {Public} {Administration}},\n\turl = {https://sk.sagepub.com/books/gender-images-in-public-administration-2e},\n\turldate = {2024-08-13},\n\tpublisher = {SAGE Publications, Inc.},\n\tauthor = {Stivers, Camilla},\n\tyear = {2002},\n\tdoi = {10.4135/9781452229294},\n\tkeywords = {administration, administration theory, administrative state, administrators, public administration, public image, virtues},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"hopf-socialconstructionofinternationalpoliticsidentitiesforeignpoliciesmoscow1955and1999-2002\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"https://www.cornellpress.cornell.edu/book/9780801487910/social-construction-of-international-politics/#bookTabs=1\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'hopf-socialconstructionofinternationalpoliticsidentitiesforeignpoliciesmoscow1955and1999-2002', 'https://www.cornellpress.cornell.edu/book/9780801487910/social-construction-of-international-politics/#bookTabs=1', event);\">\n    Social Construction of International Politics: Identities & Foreign Policies, Moscow, 1955 and 1999.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Hopf, T.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  Cornell University Press,  2002.\n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"https://www.cornellpress.cornell.edu/book/9780801487910/social-construction-of-international-politics/#bookTabs=1\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('hopf-socialconstructionofinternationalpoliticsidentitiesforeignpoliciesmoscow1955and1999-2002', 'https://www.cornellpress.cornell.edu/book/9780801487910/social-construction-of-international-politics/#bookTabs=1', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"Social Construction of International Politics: Identities &amp; Foreign Policies, Moscow, 1955 and 1999 [link]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/hopf-socialconstructionofinternationalpoliticsidentitiesforeignpoliciesmoscow1955and1999-2002\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('hopf-socialconstructionofinternationalpoliticsidentitiesforeignpoliciesmoscow1955and1999-2002')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@book{hopf_social_2002,\n\ttitle = {Social {Construction} of {International} {Politics}: {Identities} \\&amp; {Foreign} {Policies}, {Moscow}, 1955 and 1999},\n\tisbn = {978-0-8014-8791-0},\n\tshorttitle = {Social {Construction} of {International} {Politics}},\n\turl = {https://www.cornellpress.cornell.edu/book/9780801487910/social-construction-of-international-politics/#bookTabs=1},\n\tabstract = {In this deeply researched book Ted Hopf challenges contemporary theorizing about international relations. He advances what he believes is a commonsensical notion: a state&#x27;s domestic identity has an enormous effect on its international policies. Hopf argues that foreign policy elites are inextricably bound to their own societies; in order to understand other states, they must first understand themselves. To comprehend Russian and Soviet foreign policy, &quot;it is just as important to read what is being consumed on the Moscow subway as it is to conduct research in the Foreign Ministry archives,&quot; the author says.Hopf recreates the major currents in Russian/Soviet identity, reconstructing the &quot;identity topographies&quot; of two profoundly important years, 1955 and 1999. To provide insights about how Russians made sense of themselves in the post-Stalinist and late Yeltsin periods, he not only uses daily newspapers and official discourse, but also delves into works intended for mass consumption--popular novels, film reviews, ethnographic journals, high school textbooks, and memoirs. He explains how the different identities expressed in these varied materials shaped the worldviews of Soviet and Russian decisionmakers. Hopf finds that continuous renegotiations and clashes among competing domestic visions of national identity had a profound effect on Soviet and Russian foreign policy. Broadly speaking, Hopf shows that all international politics begins at home.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tpublisher = {Cornell University Press},\n\tauthor = {Hopf, Ted},\n\tyear = {2002},\n\tkeywords = {History / Russia / General, Political Science / General, Political Science / International Relations / General, Political Science / Public Policy / General, Social Science / Anthropology / Cultural \\&amp; Social, Social Science / Ethnic Studies / General},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  In this deeply researched book Ted Hopf challenges contemporary theorizing about international relations. He advances what he believes is a commonsensical notion: a state's domestic identity has an enormous effect on its international policies. Hopf argues that foreign policy elites are inextricably bound to their own societies; in order to understand other states, they must first understand themselves. To comprehend Russian and Soviet foreign policy, \"it is just as important to read what is being consumed on the Moscow subway as it is to conduct research in the Foreign Ministry archives,\" the author says.Hopf recreates the major currents in Russian/Soviet identity, reconstructing the \"identity topographies\" of two profoundly important years, 1955 and 1999. To provide insights about how Russians made sense of themselves in the post-Stalinist and late Yeltsin periods, he not only uses daily newspapers and official discourse, but also delves into works intended for mass consumption–popular novels, film reviews, ethnographic journals, high school textbooks, and memoirs. He explains how the different identities expressed in these varied materials shaped the worldviews of Soviet and Russian decisionmakers. Hopf finds that continuous renegotiations and clashes among competing domestic visions of national identity had a profound effect on Soviet and Russian foreign policy. Broadly speaking, Hopf shows that all international politics begins at home.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"wedeen-conceptualizingculturepossibilitiesforpoliticalscience-2002\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/american-political-science-review/article/abs/conceptualizing-culture-possibilities-for-political-science/2F57165F4D176F48592D4DE8900EF5D3\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'wedeen-conceptualizingculturepossibilitiesforpoliticalscience-2002', 'https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/american-political-science-review/article/abs/conceptualizing-culture-possibilities-for-political-science/2F57165F4D176F48592D4DE8900EF5D3', event);\">\n    Conceptualizing Culture: Possibilities for Political Science.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Wedeen, L.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  <i>American Political Science Review</i>, 96(4): 713–728. December 2002.\n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/american-political-science-review/article/abs/conceptualizing-culture-possibilities-for-political-science/2F57165F4D176F48592D4DE8900EF5D3\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('wedeen-conceptualizingculturepossibilitiesforpoliticalscience-2002', 'https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/american-political-science-review/article/abs/conceptualizing-culture-possibilities-for-political-science/2F57165F4D176F48592D4DE8900EF5D3', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"Conceptualizing Culture: Possibilities for Political Science [link]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.org/10.1017/S0003055402000400\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('wedeen-conceptualizingculturepossibilitiesforpoliticalscience-2002', 'http://doi.org/10.1017/S0003055402000400', event.ctrlKey)\"\n     class=\"bibbase doi link\">\n    <span>doi</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/wedeen-conceptualizingculturepossibilitiesforpoliticalscience-2002\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('wedeen-conceptualizingculturepossibilitiesforpoliticalscience-2002')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@article{wedeen_conceptualizing_2002,\n\ttitle = {Conceptualizing {Culture}: {Possibilities} for {Political} {Science}},\n\tvolume = {96},\n\tissn = {1537-5943, 0003-0554},\n\tshorttitle = {Conceptualizing {Culture}},\n\turl = {https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/american-political-science-review/article/abs/conceptualizing-culture-possibilities-for-political-science/2F57165F4D176F48592D4DE8900EF5D3},\n\tdoi = {10.1017/S0003055402000400},\n\tabstract = {This essay makes a case for an anthropological conceptualization of culture as “semiotic practices” and demonstrates how it adds value to political analyses. “Semiotic practices” refers to the processes of meaning-making in which agents&#x27; practices (e.g., their work habits, self-policing strategies, and leisure patterns) interact with their language and other symbolic systems. This version of culture can be employed on two levels. First, it refers to what symbols do—how symbols are inscribed in practices that operate to produce observable political effects. Second, “culture” is an abstract theoretical category, a lens that focuses on meaning, rather than on, say, prices or votes. By thinking of meaning construction in terms that emphasize intelligibility, as opposed to deep-seated psychological orientations, a practice-oriented approach avoids unacknowledged ambiguities that have bedeviled scholarly thinking and generated incommensurable understandings of what culture is. Through a brief exploration of two concerns central to political science—compliance and ethnic identity-formation—this paper ends by showing how culture as semiotic practices can be applied as a causal variable.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {4},\n\turldate = {2024-08-08},\n\tjournal = {American Political Science Review},\n\tauthor = {Wedeen, Lisa},\n\tmonth = dec,\n\tyear = {2002},\n\tpages = {713--728},\n}\n\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  This essay makes a case for an anthropological conceptualization of culture as “semiotic practices” and demonstrates how it adds value to political analyses. “Semiotic practices” refers to the processes of meaning-making in which agents' practices (e.g., their work habits, self-policing strategies, and leisure patterns) interact with their language and other symbolic systems. This version of culture can be employed on two levels. First, it refers to what symbols do—how symbols are inscribed in practices that operate to produce observable political effects. Second, “culture” is an abstract theoretical category, a lens that focuses on meaning, rather than on, say, prices or votes. By thinking of meaning construction in terms that emphasize intelligibility, as opposed to deep-seated psychological orientations, a practice-oriented approach avoids unacknowledged ambiguities that have bedeviled scholarly thinking and generated incommensurable understandings of what culture is. Through a brief exploration of two concerns central to political science—compliance and ethnic identity-formation—this paper ends by showing how culture as semiotic practices can be applied as a causal variable.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"schwartzshea-yanow-readingmethodstextshowresearchmethodstextsconstructpoliticalscience-2002\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1177/106591290205500209\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'schwartzshea-yanow-readingmethodstextshowresearchmethodstextsconstructpoliticalscience-2002', 'https://doi.org/10.1177/106591290205500209', event);\">\n    “Reading” “ Methods” “Texts”: How Research Methods Texts Construct Political Science.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Schwartz-Shea, P.;  and Yanow, D.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  <i>Political Research Quarterly</i>, 55(2): 457–486. June 2002.\n  <span class=\"note\">Publisher: SAGE Publications Inc</span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1177/106591290205500209\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('schwartzshea-yanow-readingmethodstextshowresearchmethodstextsconstructpoliticalscience-2002', 'https://doi.org/10.1177/106591290205500209', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"“Reading” “ Methods” “Texts”: How Research Methods Texts Construct Political Science [link]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.org/10.1177/106591290205500209\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('schwartzshea-yanow-readingmethodstextshowresearchmethodstextsconstructpoliticalscience-2002', 'http://doi.org/10.1177/106591290205500209', event.ctrlKey)\"\n     class=\"bibbase doi link\">\n    <span>doi</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/schwartzshea-yanow-readingmethodstextshowresearchmethodstextsconstructpoliticalscience-2002\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('schwartzshea-yanow-readingmethodstextshowresearchmethodstextsconstructpoliticalscience-2002')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@article{schwartz-shea_reading_2002,\n\ttitle = {“{Reading}” “ {Methods}” “{Texts}”: {How} {Research} {Methods} {Texts} {Construct} {Political} {Science}},\n\tvolume = {55},\n\tissn = {1065-9129},\n\tshorttitle = {“{Reading}” “ {Methods}” “{Texts}”},\n\turl = {https://doi.org/10.1177/106591290205500209},\n\tdoi = {10.1177/106591290205500209},\n\tabstract = {This article reports on an interpretive content analysis of fourteen research methods texts. We read them as a genre—exploring their structural and rhetorical features—to address two questions: To what extent do research methods texts reflect the breadth of methods used in political science and its fields? To what extent do they reflect contemporary ferment concerning questions of social reality and its “knowability?” These questions are intertwined with each other—epistemological positions on what counts as “science” affect the methods presented—and with the misleading distinction between “quantitative” and “qualitative” methods. Although these texts vary considerably in the degree to which they engage epistemologcal issues. all fourteen texts explicitly endorsed or implicitly assumed positivist definitions of science, which can be seen in their treatments of “qualitative” methods issues. Interpretive methods of data access and analysis are almost entirely “disappeared,” and positivist qualitative methods of data access receive treatment that ranges from poor to excellent. This textual consensus on positivism as the mode of scientific research in political science has implications for professional practice in four areas: the possibility of field-neutral methods texts, student research agendas, disciplinary meanings associated with “method” and “methodology,” and researchers&#x27; professional identity as political scientists.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {2},\n\turldate = {2024-08-08},\n\tjournal = {Political Research Quarterly},\n\tauthor = {Schwartz-Shea, Peregrine and Yanow, Dvora},\n\tmonth = jun,\n\tyear = {2002},\n\tnote = {Publisher: SAGE Publications Inc},\n\tpages = {457--486},\n}\n\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  This article reports on an interpretive content analysis of fourteen research methods texts. We read them as a genre—exploring their structural and rhetorical features—to address two questions: To what extent do research methods texts reflect the breadth of methods used in political science and its fields? To what extent do they reflect contemporary ferment concerning questions of social reality and its “knowability?” These questions are intertwined with each other—epistemological positions on what counts as “science” affect the methods presented—and with the misleading distinction between “quantitative” and “qualitative” methods. Although these texts vary considerably in the degree to which they engage epistemologcal issues. all fourteen texts explicitly endorsed or implicitly assumed positivist definitions of science, which can be seen in their treatments of “qualitative” methods issues. Interpretive methods of data access and analysis are almost entirely “disappeared,” and positivist qualitative methods of data access receive treatment that ranges from poor to excellent. This textual consensus on positivism as the mode of scientific research in political science has implications for professional practice in four areas: the possibility of field-neutral methods texts, student research agendas, disciplinary meanings associated with “method” and “methodology,” and researchers' professional identity as political scientists.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n\n\n\n    </div>\n  </div>\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_group_whole\" id=\"group_2001\">\n    <div class=\"bibbase_group\"\n      onclick=\"toggleGroup('group_2001')\"\n      onkeypress=\"toggleGroup('group_2001')\"\n      tabindex=\"0\">\n      <i class=\"fa fa-angle-down bibbase_group_head_icon\"></i>&nbsp;\n      <span>2001</span>\n      <span class=\"bibbase_group_count\">\n        \n        (4)\n        \n      </span>\n    </div>\n    <div class=\"bibbase_group_body\">\n      \n  \n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"stein-theseareyourtitleistudentspolicylanguageineducationalpractice-2001\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1010323227348\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'stein-theseareyourtitleistudentspolicylanguageineducationalpractice-2001', 'https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1010323227348', event);\">\n    ‘These are your Title I students’: Policy language in educational practice.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Stein, S. J.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  <i>Policy Sciences</i>, 34(2): 135–156. June 2001.\n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1010323227348\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('stein-theseareyourtitleistudentspolicylanguageineducationalpractice-2001', 'https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1010323227348', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"‘These are your Title I students’: Policy language in educational practice [link]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.org/10.1023/A:1010323227348\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('stein-theseareyourtitleistudentspolicylanguageineducationalpractice-2001', 'http://doi.org/10.1023/A:1010323227348', event.ctrlKey)\"\n     class=\"bibbase doi link\">\n    <span>doi</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/stein-theseareyourtitleistudentspolicylanguageineducationalpractice-2001\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('stein-theseareyourtitleistudentspolicylanguageineducationalpractice-2001')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@article{stein_these_2001,\n\ttitle = {‘{These} are your {Title} {I} students’: {Policy} language in educational practice},\n\tvolume = {34},\n\tissn = {1573-0891},\n\tshorttitle = {‘{These} are your {Title} {I} students’},\n\turl = {https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1010323227348},\n\tdoi = {10.1023/A:1010323227348},\n\tabstract = {Based on a qualitative study of the United States federal compensatory education policy, Title I of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act, this article uses interpretive policy analysis to investigate the ways in which policy language influences practitioners&#x27; understanding of students who are eligible for policy-funded services. Focusing on the situated interpretations of practitioners in nine urban elementary schools, the study shows how policy-generated categories shape practitioners&#x27; conceptualizations of students as they determine how to provide services. The aricle considers possible consequences of policy labels on teacher expectations and ends with an appeal for the collective, reflective interrogation of policy language in educational practice.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {2},\n\turldate = {2024-08-13},\n\tjournal = {Policy Sciences},\n\tauthor = {Stein, Sandra J.},\n\tmonth = jun,\n\tyear = {2001},\n\tkeywords = {Economic Policy, Education Policy, Elementary School, Policy Analysis, Qualitative Study},\n\tpages = {135--156},\n}\n\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  Based on a qualitative study of the United States federal compensatory education policy, Title I of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act, this article uses interpretive policy analysis to investigate the ways in which policy language influences practitioners' understanding of students who are eligible for policy-funded services. Focusing on the situated interpretations of practitioners in nine urban elementary schools, the study shows how policy-generated categories shape practitioners' conceptualizations of students as they determine how to provide services. The aricle considers possible consequences of policy labels on teacher expectations and ends with an appeal for the collective, reflective interrogation of policy language in educational practice.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"white-talkinglanguageseriouslythenarraativefoundationsofpublicadministrationresearch-2001\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  Talking Language Seriously: The Narraative Foundations of Public Administration Research.\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  White, J. D.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  Georgetown University Press, Washington, DC, December 2001.\n  <span class=\"note\">Google-Books-ID: s47BzgEACAAJ</span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/white-talkinglanguageseriouslythenarraativefoundationsofpublicadministrationresearch-2001\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('white-talkinglanguageseriouslythenarraativefoundationsofpublicadministrationresearch-2001')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@book{white_talking_2001,\n\taddress = {Washington, DC},\n\ttitle = {Talking {Language} {Seriously}: {The} {Narraative} {Foundations} of {Public} {Administration} {Research}},\n\tisbn = {978-0-87840-878-8},\n\tshorttitle = {Talking {Language} {Seriously}},\n\tabstract = {The logic of research in public administration, argues Jay D. White, may be more like that of storytelling than of conventional social science research. In Taking Language Seriously, he examines the linguistic, discursive, and narrative foundations of public administration research and develops a narrative theory of knowledge development and use for the field. White builds his case for this narrative theory by showing how research on complex problems is grounded in language and discourse. He then explains how a variety of recent developments in philosophy and the humanities--positivism, postpositivism, hermeneutics, critical and legal theory, postmodernism, and poststructuralism--can contribute to our understanding of public administration research. Focusing on the logical structures of three modes of research--explanatory, interpretive, and critical--White shows how each is equally legitimate, depending on the nature of the research questions. This comprehensive yet clear discussion of the philosophical foundations of research in public administration advances an alternative theory of knowledge development that will be valuable for everyone in fields seeking to affect social, political, economic, and organizational change.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tpublisher = {Georgetown University Press},\n\tauthor = {White, Jay D.},\n\tmonth = dec,\n\tyear = {2001},\n\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: s47BzgEACAAJ},\n\tkeywords = {Political Science / Public Affairs \\&amp; Administration},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  The logic of research in public administration, argues Jay D. White, may be more like that of storytelling than of conventional social science research. In Taking Language Seriously, he examines the linguistic, discursive, and narrative foundations of public administration research and develops a narrative theory of knowledge development and use for the field. White builds his case for this narrative theory by showing how research on complex problems is grounded in language and discourse. He then explains how a variety of recent developments in philosophy and the humanities–positivism, postpositivism, hermeneutics, critical and legal theory, postmodernism, and poststructuralism–can contribute to our understanding of public administration research. Focusing on the logical structures of three modes of research–explanatory, interpretive, and critical–White shows how each is equally legitimate, depending on the nature of the research questions. This comprehensive yet clear discussion of the philosophical foundations of research in public administration advances an alternative theory of knowledge development that will be valuable for everyone in fields seeking to affect social, political, economic, and organizational change.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"smith-thepoliticizationofmarriageincontemporaryamericanpublicpolicythedefenseofmarriageactandthepersonalresponsibilityact-2001\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13621020120085261\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'smith-thepoliticizationofmarriageincontemporaryamericanpublicpolicythedefenseofmarriageactandthepersonalresponsibilityact-2001', 'https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13621020120085261', event);\">\n    The Politicization of Marriage in Contemporary American Public Policy: The Defense of Marriage Act and the Personal Responsibility Act.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Smith, A. M.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  <i>Citizenship Studies</i>, 5(3): 303–320. November 2001.\n  <span class=\"note\">Publisher: Taylor & Francis Group</span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13621020120085261\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('smith-thepoliticizationofmarriageincontemporaryamericanpublicpolicythedefenseofmarriageactandthepersonalresponsibilityact-2001', 'https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13621020120085261', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"The Politicization of Marriage in Contemporary American Public Policy: The Defense of Marriage Act and the Personal Responsibility Act [link]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.org/10.1080/13621020120085261\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('smith-thepoliticizationofmarriageincontemporaryamericanpublicpolicythedefenseofmarriageactandthepersonalresponsibilityact-2001', 'http://doi.org/10.1080/13621020120085261', event.ctrlKey)\"\n     class=\"bibbase doi link\">\n    <span>doi</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/smith-thepoliticizationofmarriageincontemporaryamericanpublicpolicythedefenseofmarriageactandthepersonalresponsibilityact-2001\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('smith-thepoliticizationofmarriageincontemporaryamericanpublicpolicythedefenseofmarriageactandthepersonalresponsibilityact-2001')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@article{smith_politicization_2001,\n\ttitle = {The {Politicization} of {Marriage} in {Contemporary} {American} {Public} {Policy}: {The} {Defense} of {Marriage} {Act} and the {Personal} {Responsibility} {Act}},\n\tvolume = {5},\n\tcopyright = {Copyright Taylor and Francis Group, LLC},\n\tshorttitle = {The {Politicization} of {Marriage} in {Contemporary} {American} {Public} {Policy}},\n\turl = {https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13621020120085261},\n\tdoi = {10.1080/13621020120085261},\n\tlanguage = {EN},\n\tnumber = {3},\n\turldate = {2024-08-12},\n\tjournal = {Citizenship Studies},\n\tauthor = {Smith, Anna Marie},\n\tmonth = nov,\n\tyear = {2001},\n\tnote = {Publisher: Taylor \\&amp; Francis Group},\n\tpages = {303--320},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"devolo-mothersofheroesandmartyrsgenderidentitypoliticsinnicaragua19791999-2001\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"https://www.google.ch/books/edition/Mothers_of_Heroes_and_Martyrs/nv0Pg82ljAcC?hl=en&amp;gbpv=0\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'devolo-mothersofheroesandmartyrsgenderidentitypoliticsinnicaragua19791999-2001', 'https://www.google.ch/books/edition/Mothers_of_Heroes_and_Martyrs/nv0Pg82ljAcC?hl=en&amp;gbpv=0', event);\">\n    Mothers of Heroes and Martyrs: Gender Identity Politics in Nicaragua, 1979–1999.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  de Volo, L. B.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, MD, October 2001.\n  <span class=\"note\">Google-Books-ID: nv0Pg82ljAcC</span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"https://www.google.ch/books/edition/Mothers_of_Heroes_and_Martyrs/nv0Pg82ljAcC?hl=en&amp;gbpv=0\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('devolo-mothersofheroesandmartyrsgenderidentitypoliticsinnicaragua19791999-2001', 'https://www.google.ch/books/edition/Mothers_of_Heroes_and_Martyrs/nv0Pg82ljAcC?hl=en&amp;gbpv=0', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"Mothers of Heroes and Martyrs: Gender Identity Politics in Nicaragua, 1979–1999 [link]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/devolo-mothersofheroesandmartyrsgenderidentitypoliticsinnicaragua19791999-2001\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('devolo-mothersofheroesandmartyrsgenderidentitypoliticsinnicaragua19791999-2001')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@book{de_volo_mothers_2001,\n\taddress = {Baltimore, MD},\n\ttitle = {Mothers of {Heroes} and {Martyrs}: {Gender} {Identity} {Politics} in {Nicaragua}, 1979–1999},\n\tisbn = {978-0-8018-6764-4},\n\tshorttitle = {Mothers of {Heroes} and {Martyrs}},\n\turl = {https://www.google.ch/books/edition/Mothers_of_Heroes_and_Martyrs/nv0Pg82ljAcC?hl=en&amp;gbpv=0},\n\tabstract = {How did a group of overwhelmingly poor, older women in a third-world country emerge to become a powerful force in their country&#x27;s politics? Founded during the Nicaraguan revolution, the Mothers of Heroes and Martyrs of Matagalpa comprises women who supported the revolution but did not carry guns; who, in their words, gave up their loved ones to the struggle.In this book Lorraine Bayard de Volo focuses on this group to reveal what she calls &quot;the dominant but rarely examined maternal identity politics of revolution, war, and democratization.&quot; Dividing Nicaraguan politics (1979-99) into four periods, Bayard de Volo uses both macro- and micro-levels of analysis to capture the dialectical relationship between large-scale political processes and the &quot;micropolitics&quot; of collective action. She shows how Sandinistas and anti-Sandinistas mobilized both mothers and maternal imagery and in turn analyzes how this imagery was adopted and manipulated by the Mothers of Heroes and Martyrs. Employing a feminist Gramscian approach to address the gendered nature of cultural politics and collective identity, the author shows how, in the battle to capture Nicaraguan hearts and minds, both sides relied primarily on maternal images of women. Such &quot;mobilizing identities&quot; propelled women into unprecedented levels of collective action, yet at the same time channeled them away from feminist priorities.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tpublisher = {Johns Hopkins University Press},\n\tauthor = {de Volo, Lorraine Bayard},\n\tmonth = oct,\n\tyear = {2001},\n\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: nv0Pg82ljAcC},\n\tkeywords = {History / Americas (North, Central, South, West Indies), History / Latin America / General, Political Science / Comparative Politics, Political Science / International Relations / General, Political Science / Women in Politics, Political Science / World / Caribbean \\&amp; Latin American, Social Science / Gender Studies, Social Science / Women&#x27;s Studies},\n}\n\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  How did a group of overwhelmingly poor, older women in a third-world country emerge to become a powerful force in their country's politics? Founded during the Nicaraguan revolution, the Mothers of Heroes and Martyrs of Matagalpa comprises women who supported the revolution but did not carry guns; who, in their words, gave up their loved ones to the struggle.In this book Lorraine Bayard de Volo focuses on this group to reveal what she calls \"the dominant but rarely examined maternal identity politics of revolution, war, and democratization.\" Dividing Nicaraguan politics (1979-99) into four periods, Bayard de Volo uses both macro- and micro-levels of analysis to capture the dialectical relationship between large-scale political processes and the \"micropolitics\" of collective action. She shows how Sandinistas and anti-Sandinistas mobilized both mothers and maternal imagery and in turn analyzes how this imagery was adopted and manipulated by the Mothers of Heroes and Martyrs. Employing a feminist Gramscian approach to address the gendered nature of cultural politics and collective identity, the author shows how, in the battle to capture Nicaraguan hearts and minds, both sides relied primarily on maternal images of women. Such \"mobilizing identities\" propelled women into unprecedented levels of collective action, yet at the same time channeled them away from feminist priorities.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n\n\n\n    </div>\n  </div>\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_group_whole\" id=\"group_2000\">\n    <div class=\"bibbase_group\"\n      onclick=\"toggleGroup('group_2000')\"\n      onkeypress=\"toggleGroup('group_2000')\"\n      tabindex=\"0\">\n      <i class=\"fa fa-angle-down bibbase_group_head_icon\"></i>&nbsp;\n      <span>2000</span>\n      <span class=\"bibbase_group_count\">\n        \n        (6)\n        \n      </span>\n    </div>\n    <div class=\"bibbase_group_body\">\n      \n  \n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"fischer-citizensexpertsandtheenvironmentthepoliticsoflocalknowledge-2000\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  Citizens, Experts, and the Environment: The Politics of Local Knowledge.\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Fischer, F.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  Duke University Press, Durham, NC, December 2000.\n  <span class=\"note\">Google-Books-ID: rUEFMenCPH0C</span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/fischer-citizensexpertsandtheenvironmentthepoliticsoflocalknowledge-2000\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('fischer-citizensexpertsandtheenvironmentthepoliticsoflocalknowledge-2000')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@book{fischer_citizens_2000,\n\taddress = {Durham, NC},\n\ttitle = {Citizens, {Experts}, and the {Environment}: {The} {Politics} of {Local} {Knowledge}},\n\tisbn = {978-0-8223-2622-9},\n\tshorttitle = {Citizens, {Experts}, and the {Environment}},\n\tabstract = {The tension between professional expertise and democratic governance has become increasingly significant in Western politics. Environmental politics in particular is a hotbed for citizens who actively challenge the imposition of expert theories that ignore forms of local knowledge that can help to relate technical facts to social values.Where information ideologues see the modern increase in information as capable of making everyone smarter, others see the emergence of a society divided between those with and those without knowledge. Suggesting realistic strategies to bridge this divide, Fischer calls for meaningful nonexpert involvement in policymaking and shows how the deliberations of ordinary citizens can help solve complex social and environmental problems by contributing local contextual knowledge to the professionals’ expertise. While incorporating theoretical critiques of positivism and methodology, he also offers hard evidence to demonstrate that the ordinary citizen is capable of a great deal more participation than is generally recognized. Popular epidemiology in the United States, the Danish consensus conference, and participatory resource mapping in India serve as examples of the type of inquiry he proposes, showing how the local knowledge of citizens is invaluable to policy formation. In his conclusion Fischer examines the implications of the approach for participatory democracy and the democratization of contemporary deliberative structures.This study will interest political scientists, public policy practitioners, sociologists, scientists, environmentalists, political activists, urban planners, and public administrators along with those interested in understanding the relationship between democracy and science in a modern technological society.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tpublisher = {Duke University Press},\n\tauthor = {Fischer, Frank},\n\tmonth = dec,\n\tyear = {2000},\n\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: rUEFMenCPH0C},\n\tkeywords = {Nature / Environmental Conservation \\&amp; Protection, Political Science / History \\&amp; Theory, Political Science / Public Policy / General, Science / Environmental Science, Technology \\&amp; Engineering / Environmental / General},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  The tension between professional expertise and democratic governance has become increasingly significant in Western politics. Environmental politics in particular is a hotbed for citizens who actively challenge the imposition of expert theories that ignore forms of local knowledge that can help to relate technical facts to social values.Where information ideologues see the modern increase in information as capable of making everyone smarter, others see the emergence of a society divided between those with and those without knowledge. Suggesting realistic strategies to bridge this divide, Fischer calls for meaningful nonexpert involvement in policymaking and shows how the deliberations of ordinary citizens can help solve complex social and environmental problems by contributing local contextual knowledge to the professionals’ expertise. While incorporating theoretical critiques of positivism and methodology, he also offers hard evidence to demonstrate that the ordinary citizen is capable of a great deal more participation than is generally recognized. Popular epidemiology in the United States, the Danish consensus conference, and participatory resource mapping in India serve as examples of the type of inquiry he proposes, showing how the local knowledge of citizens is invaluable to policy formation. In his conclusion Fischer examines the implications of the approach for participatory democracy and the democratization of contemporary deliberative structures.This study will interest political scientists, public policy practitioners, sociologists, scientists, environmentalists, political activists, urban planners, and public administrators along with those interested in understanding the relationship between democracy and science in a modern technological society.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"stivers-bureaumensettlementwomenconstructingpublicadministrationintheprogressiveera-2000\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  Bureau Men, Settlement Women: Constructing Public Administration in the Progressive Era.\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Stivers, C.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  University Press of Kansas, Lawrence, KN,  2000.\n  <span class=\"note\">Google-Books-ID: TYmOAAAAMAAJ</span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/stivers-bureaumensettlementwomenconstructingpublicadministrationintheprogressiveera-2000\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('stivers-bureaumensettlementwomenconstructingpublicadministrationintheprogressiveera-2000')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@book{stivers_bureau_2000,\n\taddress = {Lawrence, KN},\n\ttitle = {Bureau {Men}, {Settlement} {Women}: {Constructing} {Public} {Administration} in the {Progressive} {Era}},\n\tisbn = {978-0-7006-1021-1},\n\tshorttitle = {Bureau {Men}, {Settlement} {Women}},\n\tabstract = {During the first two decades of the twentieth century in cities across America, both men and women struggled for urban reform but in distinctively different ways. Adhering to gender roles of the time, men working for independent research bureaus sought to apply scientific and business practices to corrupt city governments, while women in the settlement house movement labored to improve the lives of the urban poor by testing new services and then getting governments to adopt them.  Although the two intertwined at first, the contributions of these &quot;settlement women&quot; to the development of the administrative state have been largely lost as the new field of public administration evolved from the research bureaus and diverged from social work. Camilla Stivers now shows how public administration came to be dominated not just by science and business but also by masculinity, calling into question much that is taken for granted about the profession and creating an alternative vision of public service.  Bureau Men, Settlement Women offers a rare look at the early intellectual history of public administration and is the only book to examine the subject from a gender perspective. It recovers the forgotten contributions of women-their engagement in public life, concern about the proper aims of government, and commitment to citizenship and community-to show that they were ultimately more successful than their male counterparts in enlarging the work and moral scope of government.  Stivers&#x27;s study helps explain public administration&#x27;s long-standing &quot;identity crisis&quot; by showing why the separation of male and female roles restricted public administration to an unnecessary instrumentalism. It also provides the most detailed examination in half a century of the New York Bureau of Municipal Research and its role in the development of twentieth-century public administration.  By reconsidering the origins of the field and calling for a new sense of purpose in public service, Stivers suggests that public administrators need not rigidly emulate business practices but should instead strive to improve the ways in which they deal with people. Her well-researched critique will help students and professionals better understand their calling and challenge them to reconsider how they think about, educate for, and perform government service.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tpublisher = {University Press of Kansas},\n\tauthor = {Stivers, Camilla},\n\tyear = {2000},\n\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: TYmOAAAAMAAJ},\n\tkeywords = {Business \\&amp; Economics / Industries / General, History / Women, Political Science / American Government / General, Political Science / Political Ideologies / Conservatism \\&amp; Liberalism, Political Science / Political Ideologies / General, Political Science / Public Affairs \\&amp; Administration, Social Science / Gender Studies, Social Science / Women&#x27;s Studies, Technology \\&amp; Engineering / Acoustics \\&amp; Sound},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  During the first two decades of the twentieth century in cities across America, both men and women struggled for urban reform but in distinctively different ways. Adhering to gender roles of the time, men working for independent research bureaus sought to apply scientific and business practices to corrupt city governments, while women in the settlement house movement labored to improve the lives of the urban poor by testing new services and then getting governments to adopt them. Although the two intertwined at first, the contributions of these \"settlement women\" to the development of the administrative state have been largely lost as the new field of public administration evolved from the research bureaus and diverged from social work. Camilla Stivers now shows how public administration came to be dominated not just by science and business but also by masculinity, calling into question much that is taken for granted about the profession and creating an alternative vision of public service. Bureau Men, Settlement Women offers a rare look at the early intellectual history of public administration and is the only book to examine the subject from a gender perspective. It recovers the forgotten contributions of women-their engagement in public life, concern about the proper aims of government, and commitment to citizenship and community-to show that they were ultimately more successful than their male counterparts in enlarging the work and moral scope of government. Stivers's study helps explain public administration's long-standing \"identity crisis\" by showing why the separation of male and female roles restricted public administration to an unnecessary instrumentalism. It also provides the most detailed examination in half a century of the New York Bureau of Municipal Research and its role in the development of twentieth-century public administration. By reconsidering the origins of the field and calling for a new sense of purpose in public service, Stivers suggests that public administrators need not rigidly emulate business practices but should instead strive to improve the ways in which they deal with people. Her well-researched critique will help students and professionals better understand their calling and challenge them to reconsider how they think about, educate for, and perform government service.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"soss-unwantedclaimsthepoliticsofparticipationintheuswelfaresystem-2000\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.3998/mpub.16475\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'soss-unwantedclaimsthepoliticsofparticipationintheuswelfaresystem-2000', 'https://doi.org/10.3998/mpub.16475', event);\">\n    Unwanted Claims: The Politics of Participation in the U.S. Welfare System.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Soss, J.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  University of Michigan Press, Ann Arbor, MI,  2000.\n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.3998/mpub.16475\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('soss-unwantedclaimsthepoliticsofparticipationintheuswelfaresystem-2000', 'https://doi.org/10.3998/mpub.16475', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"Unwanted Claims: The Politics of Participation in the U.S. Welfare System [link]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/soss-unwantedclaimsthepoliticsofparticipationintheuswelfaresystem-2000\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('soss-unwantedclaimsthepoliticsofparticipationintheuswelfaresystem-2000')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@book{soss_unwanted_2000,\n\taddress = {Ann Arbor, MI},\n\ttitle = {Unwanted {Claims}: {The} {Politics} of {Participation} in the {U}.{S}. {Welfare} {System}},\n\tisbn = {978-0-472-08902-4},\n\tshorttitle = {Unwanted {Claims}},\n\turl = {https://doi.org/10.3998/mpub.16475},\n\tabstract = {Large numbers of Americans claim public resources and participate in direct relationships with government through the diversity of welfare programs found in the United States. Most public debates ignore the political importance of these activities, focusing instead on the economic and moral questions raised by welfare policy. By contrast, Unwanted Claims asks how different types of welfare programs, such as social insurance and public assistance, affect the lives of ordinary citizens. The author investigates why citizens turn to welfare programs, how they view the welfare system, and what they learn from experiences in welfare programs about themselves and government. The analysis shows that the welfare system plays a surprisingly important and sometimes contradictory role in modern political life. Depending on their designs, welfare programs can draw citizens into a more inclusive and vibrant democracy or treat them in ways that reinforce their social and political marginality.Unwanted Claims is a work of political sociology that provides an illuminating account of political life in the U.S. welfare system that should be of interest to scholars, students, policy practitioners, and the general public. Written in a style that minimizes technical jargon, avoids complex statistical presentations, and makes extensive use of clients&#x27; own descriptions of their experiences, beliefs, and actions, it offers an accessible and humanizing portrait of welfare participation that challenges conventional wisdom and raises important questions about poverty, welfare, and democracy in America.Joe Soss is Assistant Professor of Government, The American University.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tpublisher = {University of Michigan Press},\n\tauthor = {Soss, Joe},\n\tyear = {2000},\n\tkeywords = {Political Science / General, Political Science / Public Policy / Social Services \\&amp; Welfare, Social Science / Sociology / General},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  Large numbers of Americans claim public resources and participate in direct relationships with government through the diversity of welfare programs found in the United States. Most public debates ignore the political importance of these activities, focusing instead on the economic and moral questions raised by welfare policy. By contrast, Unwanted Claims asks how different types of welfare programs, such as social insurance and public assistance, affect the lives of ordinary citizens. The author investigates why citizens turn to welfare programs, how they view the welfare system, and what they learn from experiences in welfare programs about themselves and government. The analysis shows that the welfare system plays a surprisingly important and sometimes contradictory role in modern political life. Depending on their designs, welfare programs can draw citizens into a more inclusive and vibrant democracy or treat them in ways that reinforce their social and political marginality.Unwanted Claims is a work of political sociology that provides an illuminating account of political life in the U.S. welfare system that should be of interest to scholars, students, policy practitioners, and the general public. Written in a style that minimizes technical jargon, avoids complex statistical presentations, and makes extensive use of clients' own descriptions of their experiences, beliefs, and actions, it offers an accessible and humanizing portrait of welfare participation that challenges conventional wisdom and raises important questions about poverty, welfare, and democracy in America.Joe Soss is Assistant Professor of Government, The American University.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"schmidt-languagepolicyidentityintheunitedstates-2000\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"http://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt14btc1h\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'schmidt-languagepolicyidentityintheunitedstates-2000', 'http://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt14btc1h', event);\">\n    Language Policy & Identity in the United States.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Schmidt, R.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  Temple University Press, Philadelphia, PA,  2000.\n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt14btc1h\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('schmidt-languagepolicyidentityintheunitedstates-2000', 'http://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt14btc1h', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"Language Policy &amp; Identity in the United States [link]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/schmidt-languagepolicyidentityintheunitedstates-2000\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('schmidt-languagepolicyidentityintheunitedstates-2000')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@book{schmidt_language_2000,\n\taddress = {Philadelphia, PA},\n\ttitle = {Language {Policy} \\&amp; {Identity} in the {United} {States}},\n\tisbn = {978-1-56639-754-4},\n\turl = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt14btc1h},\n\tabstract = {Well over thirty million people in the United States speak a primary language other than English. Nearly twenty million of them speak Spanish. And these numbers are growing. Critics of immigration and multiculturalism argue that recent government language policies such as bilingual education, non-English election materials, and social service and workplace &quot;language rights&quot; threaten the national character of the United States. Proponents of bilingualism, on the other hand, maintain that, far from being a threat, these language policies and programs provide an opportunity to right old wrongs and make the United States a more democratic society.This book lays out the two approaches to language policy -- linguistic assimilation and linguistic pluralism -- in clear and accessible terms. Filled with examples and narratives, it provides a readable overview of the U.S. &quot;culture wars&quot; and explains why the conflict has just now emerged as a major issue in the United States.Professor Schmidt examines bilingual education in the public schools, &quot;linguistic access&quot; rights to public services, and the designation of English as the United States&#x27; &quot;official&quot; language. He illuminates the conflict by describing the comparative, theoretical, and social contexts for the debate. The source of the disagreement, he maintains, is not a disagreement over language per se but over identity and the consequences of identity for individuals, ethnic groups, and the country as a whole. Who are &quot;the American people&quot;? Are we one national group into which newcomers must assimilate? Or are we composed of many cultural communities, each of which is a unique but integral part of the national fabric? This fundamental point is what underlies the specific disputes over language policy. This way of looking at identity politics, as Professor Schmidt shows, calls into question the dichotomy between &quot;material interest&quot; politics and &quot;symbolic&quot; politics in relation to group identities.Not limited to describing the nature and context of the language debate,{\\textless}em{\\textgreater}Language Policy and Identity Politics in the United States{\\textless}/em{\\textgreater}reaches the conclusion that a policy of linguistic pluralism, coupled with an immigrant settlement policy and egalitarian economic reforms, will best meet the aims of justice and the common good. Only by attacking both the symbolic and material effects of racialization will the United States be able to attain the goals of social equality and national harmony.},\n\turldate = {2024-08-12},\n\tpublisher = {Temple University Press},\n\tauthor = {Schmidt, Ronald},\n\tyear = {2000},\n}\n\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  Well over thirty million people in the United States speak a primary language other than English. Nearly twenty million of them speak Spanish. And these numbers are growing. Critics of immigration and multiculturalism argue that recent government language policies such as bilingual education, non-English election materials, and social service and workplace \"language rights\" threaten the national character of the United States. Proponents of bilingualism, on the other hand, maintain that, far from being a threat, these language policies and programs provide an opportunity to right old wrongs and make the United States a more democratic society.This book lays out the two approaches to language policy – linguistic assimilation and linguistic pluralism – in clear and accessible terms. Filled with examples and narratives, it provides a readable overview of the U.S. \"culture wars\" and explains why the conflict has just now emerged as a major issue in the United States.Professor Schmidt examines bilingual education in the public schools, \"linguistic access\" rights to public services, and the designation of English as the United States' \"official\" language. He illuminates the conflict by describing the comparative, theoretical, and social contexts for the debate. The source of the disagreement, he maintains, is not a disagreement over language per se but over identity and the consequences of identity for individuals, ethnic groups, and the country as a whole. Who are \"the American people\"? Are we one national group into which newcomers must assimilate? Or are we composed of many cultural communities, each of which is a unique but integral part of the national fabric? This fundamental point is what underlies the specific disputes over language policy. This way of looking at identity politics, as Professor Schmidt shows, calls into question the dichotomy between \"material interest\" politics and \"symbolic\" politics in relation to group identities.Not limited to describing the nature and context of the language debate,\\textlessem\\textgreaterLanguage Policy and Identity Politics in the United States\\textless/em\\textgreaterreaches the conclusion that a policy of linguistic pluralism, coupled with an immigrant settlement policy and egalitarian economic reforms, will best meet the aims of justice and the common good. Only by attacking both the symbolic and material effects of racialization will the United States be able to attain the goals of social equality and national harmony.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"maynardmoody-musheno-stateagentorcitizenagenttwonarrativesofdiscretion-2000\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.jpart.a024272\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'maynardmoody-musheno-stateagentorcitizenagenttwonarrativesofdiscretion-2000', 'https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.jpart.a024272', event);\">\n    State Agent or Citizen Agent: Two Narratives of Discretion.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Maynard-Moody, S.;  and Musheno, M.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  <i>Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory</i>, 10(2): 329–358. April 2000.\n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.jpart.a024272\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('maynardmoody-musheno-stateagentorcitizenagenttwonarrativesofdiscretion-2000', 'https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.jpart.a024272', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"State Agent or Citizen Agent: Two Narratives of Discretion [link]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.jpart.a024272\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('maynardmoody-musheno-stateagentorcitizenagenttwonarrativesofdiscretion-2000', 'http://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.jpart.a024272', event.ctrlKey)\"\n     class=\"bibbase doi link\">\n    <span>doi</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/maynardmoody-musheno-stateagentorcitizenagenttwonarrativesofdiscretion-2000\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('maynardmoody-musheno-stateagentorcitizenagenttwonarrativesofdiscretion-2000')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@article{maynard-moody_state_2000,\n\ttitle = {State {Agent} or {Citizen} {Agent}: {Two} {Narratives} of {Discretion}},\n\tvolume = {10},\n\tissn = {1053-1858},\n\turl = {https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.jpart.a024272},\n\tdoi = {10.1093/oxfordjournals.jpart.a024272},\n\tabstract = {In street-level work discretion is inevitable. Scholars have articulated a dominant view or narrative that addresses the role of discretion in the administrative state. This state-agent narrative acknowledges inevitability of discretion and emphasizes that self-interest guides street-level choices: street-level workers use their discretion to make their work easier, safer, and more rewarding. In addition the dominant narrative describes street-level workers as policy makers, yet it worries about the threat that street-level discretion poses to democratic governance.Street-level workers, themselves, tell a different story, a counternarrative of the worker acting as a citizen agent. These two narratives are not wholly inconsistent but they differ in emphasis and meaning. The description of the street-level counter-narrative is based on extensive fieldwork in two states and five agencies. Rather than discretionary state agents who act in response to rules, procedures, and law, street-level workers describe themselves as citizen agents who act in response to individuals and circumstances. They do not describe what they do as contributing to policy making or even as implementing policy. Moreover, street-level workers do not describe their decisions and actions as based on their views of the correctness of the rules, wisdom of the policy, or accountability to any hierarchical authority or democratic principle. They base their decisions on their judgment of the worth of the individual citizen client.Street-level workers discount the importance of self-interest and will often make their work harder, more unpleasant, more dangerous, and less officially successful in order to respond to the needs of individuals. They describe themselves as decision makers, but they base their decisions on normative choices, not in response to rules, procedures, or policies. These normative choices are defined in terms of relationships to citizens, clients, coworkers, and the system. By substituting their pragmatic judgments for the unrealistic views of those with formal and legitimate authority, street-level workers are, in their view, acting responsibly.},\n\tnumber = {2},\n\turldate = {2024-12-08},\n\tjournal = {Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory},\n\tauthor = {Maynard-Moody, Steven and Musheno, Michael},\n\tmonth = apr,\n\tyear = {2000},\n\tpages = {329--358},\n}\n\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  In street-level work discretion is inevitable. Scholars have articulated a dominant view or narrative that addresses the role of discretion in the administrative state. This state-agent narrative acknowledges inevitability of discretion and emphasizes that self-interest guides street-level choices: street-level workers use their discretion to make their work easier, safer, and more rewarding. In addition the dominant narrative describes street-level workers as policy makers, yet it worries about the threat that street-level discretion poses to democratic governance.Street-level workers, themselves, tell a different story, a counternarrative of the worker acting as a citizen agent. These two narratives are not wholly inconsistent but they differ in emphasis and meaning. The description of the street-level counter-narrative is based on extensive fieldwork in two states and five agencies. Rather than discretionary state agents who act in response to rules, procedures, and law, street-level workers describe themselves as citizen agents who act in response to individuals and circumstances. They do not describe what they do as contributing to policy making or even as implementing policy. Moreover, street-level workers do not describe their decisions and actions as based on their views of the correctness of the rules, wisdom of the policy, or accountability to any hierarchical authority or democratic principle. They base their decisions on their judgment of the worth of the individual citizen client.Street-level workers discount the importance of self-interest and will often make their work harder, more unpleasant, more dangerous, and less officially successful in order to respond to the needs of individuals. They describe themselves as decision makers, but they base their decisions on normative choices, not in response to rules, procedures, or policies. These normative choices are defined in terms of relationships to citizens, clients, coworkers, and the system. By substituting their pragmatic judgments for the unrealistic views of those with formal and legitimate authority, street-level workers are, in their view, acting responsibly.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"yanow-conductinginterpretivepolicyanalysis-2000\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"https://methods.sagepub.com/book/conducting-interpretive-policy-analysis\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'yanow-conductinginterpretivepolicyanalysis-2000', 'https://methods.sagepub.com/book/conducting-interpretive-policy-analysis', event);\">\n    Conducting Interpretive Policy Analysis.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Yanow, D.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  SAGE Publications, Inc., Newbury Park, CA,  2000.\n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"https://methods.sagepub.com/book/conducting-interpretive-policy-analysis\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('yanow-conductinginterpretivepolicyanalysis-2000', 'https://methods.sagepub.com/book/conducting-interpretive-policy-analysis', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"Conducting Interpretive Policy Analysis [link]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.org/10.4135/9781412983747\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('yanow-conductinginterpretivepolicyanalysis-2000', 'http://doi.org/10.4135/9781412983747', event.ctrlKey)\"\n     class=\"bibbase doi link\">\n    <span>doi</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/yanow-conductinginterpretivepolicyanalysis-2000\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('yanow-conductinginterpretivepolicyanalysis-2000')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@book{yanow_conducting_2000,\n\taddress = {Newbury Park, CA},\n\ttitle = {Conducting {Interpretive} {Policy} {Analysis}},\n\tisbn = {978-1-4129-8374-7},\n\turl = {https://methods.sagepub.com/book/conducting-interpretive-policy-analysis},\n\tabstract = {{\\textless}p{\\textgreater}This book presents a much needed guide to interpretative techniques and methods for policy research. The author begins by describing what interpretative appr},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\turldate = {2024-08-08},\n\tpublisher = {SAGE Publications, Inc.},\n\tauthor = {Yanow, Dvora},\n\tyear = {2000},\n\tdoi = {10.4135/9781412983747},\n}\n\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  \\textlessp\\textgreaterThis book presents a much needed guide to interpretative techniques and methods for policy research. The author begins by describing what interpretative appr\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n\n\n\n    </div>\n  </div>\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_group_whole\" id=\"group_1998\">\n    <div class=\"bibbase_group\"\n      onclick=\"toggleGroup('group_1998')\"\n      onkeypress=\"toggleGroup('group_1998')\"\n      tabindex=\"0\">\n      <i class=\"fa fa-angle-down bibbase_group_head_icon\"></i>&nbsp;\n      <span>1998</span>\n      <span class=\"bibbase_group_count\">\n        \n        (4)\n        \n      </span>\n    </div>\n    <div class=\"bibbase_group_body\">\n      \n  \n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"swaffield-contextualmeaningsinpolicydiscourseacasestudyoflanguageuseconcerningresourcepolicyinthenewzealandhighcountry-1998\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1004380732660\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'swaffield-contextualmeaningsinpolicydiscourseacasestudyoflanguageuseconcerningresourcepolicyinthenewzealandhighcountry-1998', 'https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1004380732660', event);\">\n    Contextual meanings in policy discourse: A case study of language use concerning resource policy in the New Zealand high country.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Swaffield, S.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  <i>Policy Sciences</i>, 31(3): 199–224. September 1998.\n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1004380732660\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('swaffield-contextualmeaningsinpolicydiscourseacasestudyoflanguageuseconcerningresourcepolicyinthenewzealandhighcountry-1998', 'https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1004380732660', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"Contextual meanings in policy discourse: A case study of language use concerning resource policy in the New Zealand high country [link]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.org/10.1023/A:1004380732660\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('swaffield-contextualmeaningsinpolicydiscourseacasestudyoflanguageuseconcerningresourcepolicyinthenewzealandhighcountry-1998', 'http://doi.org/10.1023/A:1004380732660', event.ctrlKey)\"\n     class=\"bibbase doi link\">\n    <span>doi</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/swaffield-contextualmeaningsinpolicydiscourseacasestudyoflanguageuseconcerningresourcepolicyinthenewzealandhighcountry-1998\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('swaffield-contextualmeaningsinpolicydiscourseacasestudyoflanguageuseconcerningresourcepolicyinthenewzealandhighcountry-1998')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@article{swaffield_contextual_1998,\n\ttitle = {Contextual meanings in policy discourse: {A} case study of language use concerning resource policy in the {New} {Zealand} high country},\n\tvolume = {31},\n\tissn = {1573-0891},\n\tshorttitle = {Contextual meanings in policy discourse},\n\turl = {https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1004380732660},\n\tdoi = {10.1023/A:1004380732660},\n\tabstract = {Variation in the meaning and use of the term &#x27;landscape&#x27; by different decision makers and decision influencers in the New Zealand high country is analysed in relation to the way they describe a resource policy issue. The case study is based upon documentary sources and oral accounts of the role that trees might play in high country land use. Links between language use and interest are identified and explored, and some consequential implications discussed.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {3},\n\turldate = {2024-08-13},\n\tjournal = {Policy Sciences},\n\tauthor = {Swaffield, Simon},\n\tmonth = sep,\n\tyear = {1998},\n\tkeywords = {Decision Influencer, Decision Maker, Economic Policy, Policy Discourse, Policy Issue},\n\tpages = {199--224},\n}\n\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  Variation in the meaning and use of the term 'landscape' by different decision makers and decision influencers in the New Zealand high country is analysed in relation to the way they describe a resource policy issue. The case study is based upon documentary sources and oral accounts of the role that trees might play in high country land use. Links between language use and interest are identified and explored, and some consequential implications discussed.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"adams-balfour-unmaskingadministrativeevil-1998\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  Unmasking Administrative Evil.\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Adams, G. B.;  and Balfour, D. L.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  SAGE Publications, Thousand Oaks, CA, May 1998.\n  <span class=\"note\">Google-Books-ID: 0d_aCQAAQBAJ</span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/adams-balfour-unmaskingadministrativeevil-1998\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('adams-balfour-unmaskingadministrativeevil-1998')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@book{adams_unmasking_1998,\n\taddress = {Thousand Oaks, CA},\n\ttitle = {Unmasking {Administrative} {Evil}},\n\tisbn = {978-1-5063-1888-2},\n\tabstract = {Unmasking Administrative Evil discusses the overlooked relationship between evil and public administration, as well as other fields and professions in public life. The authors argue that the tendency toward administrative evil, as manifested in acts of dehumanization and genocide, is deeply woven into the identity of public administration, as well as other fields and professions in public life. The common characteristic of administrative evil is that ordinary people within their normal professional and administrative roles can engage in acts of evil without being aware that they are doing anything wrong. Under conditions of moral inversion, people may even view their evil activity as good. In an age when &quot;bureaucrat bashing&quot; is fashionable, this book seeks to move beyond such superficial critiques and lay the groundwork for a more ethical and democratic public life, one that recognizes its potential for evil and thereby creates greater possibilities for avoiding the hidden pathways that lead to state-sponsored dehumanization and destruction. Although social scientists generally do not discuss &quot;evil&quot; in an academic setting, there is no denying that it has existed in public administration throughout history. Hundreds of millions of human beings have died as a direct or indirect consequence of state-sponsored violence. This book argues that administrative evil, or destructiveness, is part of the identity of all modern public administration (as it is part of psychoanalytic study at the individual level). Furthermore, evil has been largely suppressed or ignored despite, or perhaps because of, its profound and far-reaching implications for the field. From the Holocaust to the &quot;white lie,&quot; evil exists on a continuum, and the way along that continuum begins on the proverbial &quot;slippery slope.&quot; We prefer to think of horrible eruptions of evil, such as Adolf Hitler, as occurring at a particular historical moment and within specific extraordinary cultural contexts. Yet, we have a long history in the United States of public lynchings, syphilis/radiation/LSD experiments within our military, and police brutality in our cities while public administrators have looked on, even participated. The Holocaust was such a massive administrative undertaking, we must consider whether modern public administration may be at its most effective and efficient when it is engaged in programs of dehumanization and destruction.  Constructing a positive future for public administration requires a willingness to deal with the disturbing aspects of the field′s history, identity, and practices. Rather than viewing events such as genocide as isolated or aberrant historical events, the authors show how the forces that unleashed such events are part of modernity and are thus present in all contemporary public organizations. This book is not an exercise in bureaucrat-bashing. It goes beyond superficial critique of public affairs and lays the groundwork for building a more effective and humane profession.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tpublisher = {SAGE Publications},\n\tauthor = {Adams, Guy B. and Balfour, Danny L.},\n\tmonth = may,\n\tyear = {1998},\n\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: 0d\\_aCQAAQBAJ},\n\tkeywords = {Political Science / General, Political Science / Public Affairs \\&amp; Administration},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  Unmasking Administrative Evil discusses the overlooked relationship between evil and public administration, as well as other fields and professions in public life. The authors argue that the tendency toward administrative evil, as manifested in acts of dehumanization and genocide, is deeply woven into the identity of public administration, as well as other fields and professions in public life. The common characteristic of administrative evil is that ordinary people within their normal professional and administrative roles can engage in acts of evil without being aware that they are doing anything wrong. Under conditions of moral inversion, people may even view their evil activity as good. In an age when \"bureaucrat bashing\" is fashionable, this book seeks to move beyond such superficial critiques and lay the groundwork for a more ethical and democratic public life, one that recognizes its potential for evil and thereby creates greater possibilities for avoiding the hidden pathways that lead to state-sponsored dehumanization and destruction. Although social scientists generally do not discuss \"evil\" in an academic setting, there is no denying that it has existed in public administration throughout history. Hundreds of millions of human beings have died as a direct or indirect consequence of state-sponsored violence. This book argues that administrative evil, or destructiveness, is part of the identity of all modern public administration (as it is part of psychoanalytic study at the individual level). Furthermore, evil has been largely suppressed or ignored despite, or perhaps because of, its profound and far-reaching implications for the field. From the Holocaust to the \"white lie,\" evil exists on a continuum, and the way along that continuum begins on the proverbial \"slippery slope.\" We prefer to think of horrible eruptions of evil, such as Adolf Hitler, as occurring at a particular historical moment and within specific extraordinary cultural contexts. Yet, we have a long history in the United States of public lynchings, syphilis/radiation/LSD experiments within our military, and police brutality in our cities while public administrators have looked on, even participated. The Holocaust was such a massive administrative undertaking, we must consider whether modern public administration may be at its most effective and efficient when it is engaged in programs of dehumanization and destruction. Constructing a positive future for public administration requires a willingness to deal with the disturbing aspects of the field′s history, identity, and practices. Rather than viewing events such as genocide as isolated or aberrant historical events, the authors show how the forces that unleashed such events are part of modernity and are thus present in all contemporary public organizations. This book is not an exercise in bureaucrat-bashing. It goes beyond superficial critique of public affairs and lays the groundwork for building a more effective and humane profession.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"mccloskey-therhetoricofeconomics-1998\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  The Rhetoric of Economics.\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  McCloskey, D. N.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  Univ of Wisconsin Press, May 1998.\n  <span class=\"note\">Google-Books-ID: RDwsPG2KmXYC</span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/mccloskey-therhetoricofeconomics-1998\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('mccloskey-therhetoricofeconomics-1998')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@book{mccloskey_rhetoric_1998,\n\ttitle = {The {Rhetoric} of {Economics}},\n\tisbn = {978-0-299-15813-2},\n\tabstract = {A classic in its field, this pathbreaking book humanized the scientific rhetoric of economics to reveal its literary soul. Economics needs to admit that it, like other sciences, works with metaphors and stories. Its most mathematical and statistical moments are properly dominated by comparison and narration, that is to say, human persuasion. The book was McCloskey&#x27;s opening move in the development of a &quot;humanomics,&quot; and unification of the sciences and the humanities on the field of ordinary business life.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tpublisher = {Univ of Wisconsin Press},\n\tauthor = {McCloskey, Deirdre N.},\n\tmonth = may,\n\tyear = {1998},\n\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: RDwsPG2KmXYC},\n\tkeywords = {Business \\&amp; Economics / General, Social Science / General},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  A classic in its field, this pathbreaking book humanized the scientific rhetoric of economics to reveal its literary soul. Economics needs to admit that it, like other sciences, works with metaphors and stories. Its most mathematical and statistical moments are properly dominated by comparison and narration, that is to say, human persuasion. The book was McCloskey's opening move in the development of a \"humanomics,\" and unification of the sciences and the humanities on the field of ordinary business life.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"schaffer-democracyintranslationunderstandingpoliticsinanunfamiliarculture-1998\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.7591/j.ctv3s8r9h\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'schaffer-democracyintranslationunderstandingpoliticsinanunfamiliarculture-1998', 'http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.7591/j.ctv3s8r9h', event);\">\n    Democracy in Translation: Understanding Politics in an Unfamiliar Culture.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Schaffer, F. C.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  Cornell University Press, Ithaca, NY,  1998.\n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.7591/j.ctv3s8r9h\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('schaffer-democracyintranslationunderstandingpoliticsinanunfamiliarculture-1998', 'http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.7591/j.ctv3s8r9h', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"Democracy in Translation: Understanding Politics in an Unfamiliar Culture [link]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/schaffer-democracyintranslationunderstandingpoliticsinanunfamiliarculture-1998\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('schaffer-democracyintranslationunderstandingpoliticsinanunfamiliarculture-1998')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@book{schaffer_democracy_1998,\n\taddress = {Ithaca, NY},\n\ttitle = {Democracy in {Translation}: {Understanding} {Politics} in an {Unfamiliar} {Culture}},\n\tisbn = {978-0-8014-3398-6},\n\turl = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.7591/j.ctv3s8r9h},\n\turldate = {2024-08-12},\n\tpublisher = {Cornell University Press},\n\tauthor = {Schaffer, Frederic C.},\n\tyear = {1998},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n\n\n\n    </div>\n  </div>\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_group_whole\" id=\"group_1997\">\n    <div class=\"bibbase_group\"\n      onclick=\"toggleGroup('group_1997')\"\n      onkeypress=\"toggleGroup('group_1997')\"\n      tabindex=\"0\">\n      <i class=\"fa fa-angle-down bibbase_group_head_icon\"></i>&nbsp;\n      <span>1997</span>\n      <span class=\"bibbase_group_count\">\n        \n        (1)\n        \n      </span>\n    </div>\n    <div class=\"bibbase_group_body\">\n      \n  \n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"mcswite-legitimacyinpublicadministrationadiscourseanalysis-1997\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  Legitimacy in Public Administration: A Discourse Analysis.\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  McSwite, O. C.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  SAGE Publications, Thousand Oaks, CA, July 1997.\n  <span class=\"note\">Google-Books-ID: d4M2D5MVCKkC</span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/mcswite-legitimacyinpublicadministrationadiscourseanalysis-1997\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('mcswite-legitimacyinpublicadministrationadiscourseanalysis-1997')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@book{mcswite_legitimacy_1997,\n\taddress = {Thousand Oaks, CA},\n\ttitle = {Legitimacy in {Public} {Administration}: {A} {Discourse} {Analysis}},\n\tisbn = {978-0-7619-0274-4},\n\tshorttitle = {Legitimacy in {Public} {Administration}},\n\tabstract = {In this &quot;postmodern, end-of-the-century&quot; moment, the question of what role public administration can legitimately play in a democratic society has deepened and taken on increased urgency. At the same time the movement toward global marketization has gained enormous momentum, traditional prejudices and racial and ethnic violence have appeared with a renewed virulence, presenting unprecedented challenges to democratic governments. Legitimacy in Public Administration reveals how the issue of administrative legitimacy is directly implicated, indeed central, to this broader issue. It argues that legitimacy hinges at the generic level on the question of alterityùhow to regard and relate to &quot;different others.&quot; This book reviews the history of the legitimacy issue in the literature of American public administration with the purpose of demonstrating that this discourse has been distorted by an underlying and undisclosed commitment to an elitist &quot;Man of Reason&quot; model of the public administratorÆs role. Current attempts to reformulate administration to meet the challenge of new conditions will fail, the author argues, because they have not escaped the grip of this implicit distortion. Legitimacy in Public Administration includes a challenging concluding chapter that uses insights from gender theory and demonstrates the connection between the legitimacy question and the critical problem of alterity. The author also offers a new way to fundamentally reframe the legitimacy question, so as not only to help the field of public administration resolve it, but to show how this resolution can create a new understanding of the problem of racial and ethnic prejudice.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tpublisher = {SAGE Publications},\n\tauthor = {McSwite, O. C.},\n\tmonth = jul,\n\tyear = {1997},\n\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: d4M2D5MVCKkC},\n\tkeywords = {Language Arts \\&amp; Disciplines / Linguistics / Semantics, Political Science / General, Political Science / Public Affairs \\&amp; Administration},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  In this \"postmodern, end-of-the-century\" moment, the question of what role public administration can legitimately play in a democratic society has deepened and taken on increased urgency. At the same time the movement toward global marketization has gained enormous momentum, traditional prejudices and racial and ethnic violence have appeared with a renewed virulence, presenting unprecedented challenges to democratic governments. Legitimacy in Public Administration reveals how the issue of administrative legitimacy is directly implicated, indeed central, to this broader issue. It argues that legitimacy hinges at the generic level on the question of alterityùhow to regard and relate to \"different others.\" This book reviews the history of the legitimacy issue in the literature of American public administration with the purpose of demonstrating that this discourse has been distorted by an underlying and undisclosed commitment to an elitist \"Man of Reason\" model of the public administratorÆs role. Current attempts to reformulate administration to meet the challenge of new conditions will fail, the author argues, because they have not escaped the grip of this implicit distortion. Legitimacy in Public Administration includes a challenging concluding chapter that uses insights from gender theory and demonstrates the connection between the legitimacy question and the critical problem of alterity. The author also offers a new way to fundamentally reframe the legitimacy question, so as not only to help the field of public administration resolve it, but to show how this resolution can create a new understanding of the problem of racial and ethnic prejudice.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n\n\n\n    </div>\n  </div>\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_group_whole\" id=\"group_1996\">\n    <div class=\"bibbase_group\"\n      onclick=\"toggleGroup('group_1996')\"\n      onkeypress=\"toggleGroup('group_1996')\"\n      tabindex=\"0\">\n      <i class=\"fa fa-angle-down bibbase_group_head_icon\"></i>&nbsp;\n      <span>1996</span>\n      <span class=\"bibbase_group_count\">\n        \n        (3)\n        \n      </span>\n    </div>\n    <div class=\"bibbase_group_body\">\n      \n  \n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"wolf-wamsley-refoundingdemocraticpublicadministrationmodernparadoxespostmodernchallenges-1996\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  Refounding Democratic Public Administration: Modern Paradoxes, Postmodern Challenges.\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Wolf, J. F.;  and Wamsley, G. L.,\n  editors.\n  \n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  SAGE Publications, Thousand Oaks, CA, May 1996.\n  <span class=\"note\">Google-Books-ID: 7cF1AwAAQBAJ</span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/wolf-wamsley-refoundingdemocraticpublicadministrationmodernparadoxespostmodernchallenges-1996\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('wolf-wamsley-refoundingdemocraticpublicadministrationmodernparadoxespostmodernchallenges-1996')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@book{wolf_refounding_1996,\n\taddress = {Thousand Oaks, CA},\n\ttitle = {Refounding {Democratic} {Public} {Administration}: {Modern} {Paradoxes}, {Postmodern} {Challenges}},\n\tisbn = {978-1-4522-6504-9},\n\tshorttitle = {Refounding {Democratic} {Public} {Administration}},\n\tabstract = {The American political system is undergoing a serious governmental crisis--our political leaders know only how to campaign, not how to gain consensus on goals or direct a course that is for the good of the nation. Continuing research that began over a decade ago with Gary L. Wamsley′s Refounding Public Administration, this informative new volume continues the argument that public administration is at the center of the governance process and is therefore forced to compensate for the growing inadequacy of our leaders. Refounding Democratic Public Administration offers a revisualization of the relationship between public servants and the citizens they serve, as well as a continuing discourse on how public administration can constructively balance forces of change and stability in order for democracy to evolve and mature. This eye-opening volume will be required reading for students and professionals in public administration, political science, and management/organization studies.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tpublisher = {SAGE Publications},\n\teditor = {Wolf, James F. and Wamsley, Gary L.},\n\tmonth = may,\n\tyear = {1996},\n\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: 7cF1AwAAQBAJ},\n\tkeywords = {Political Science / Public Affairs \\&amp; Administration, Political Science / Public Policy / General},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  The American political system is undergoing a serious governmental crisis–our political leaders know only how to campaign, not how to gain consensus on goals or direct a course that is for the good of the nation. Continuing research that began over a decade ago with Gary L. Wamsley′s Refounding Public Administration, this informative new volume continues the argument that public administration is at the center of the governance process and is therefore forced to compensate for the growing inadequacy of our leaders. Refounding Democratic Public Administration offers a revisualization of the relationship between public servants and the citizens they serve, as well as a continuing discourse on how public administration can constructively balance forces of change and stability in order for democracy to evolve and mature. This eye-opening volume will be required reading for students and professionals in public administration, political science, and management/organization studies.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"yanow-americanethnogenesisandpublicadministration-1996\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1177/009539979602700402\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'yanow-americanethnogenesisandpublicadministration-1996', 'https://doi.org/10.1177/009539979602700402', event);\">\n    American Ethnogenesis and Public Administration.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Yanow, D.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  <i>Administration & Society</i>, 27(4): 483–509. February 1996.\n  <span class=\"note\">Publisher: SAGE Publications Inc</span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1177/009539979602700402\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('yanow-americanethnogenesisandpublicadministration-1996', 'https://doi.org/10.1177/009539979602700402', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"American Ethnogenesis and Public Administration [link]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.org/10.1177/009539979602700402\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('yanow-americanethnogenesisandpublicadministration-1996', 'http://doi.org/10.1177/009539979602700402', event.ctrlKey)\"\n     class=\"bibbase doi link\">\n    <span>doi</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/yanow-americanethnogenesisandpublicadministration-1996\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('yanow-americanethnogenesisandpublicadministration-1996')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@article{yanow_american_1996,\n\ttitle = {American {Ethnogenesis} and {Public} {Administration}},\n\tvolume = {27},\n\tissn = {0095-3997},\n\turl = {https://doi.org/10.1177/009539979602700402},\n\tdoi = {10.1177/009539979602700402},\n\tabstract = {The categories that we have created in the United States to divide ourselves according to racial and ethnic characteristics are social constructions, not reflections of the natural world and as such are flexible and evolving. Yet we tend to regard and treat them as fixed, stable, scientifically grounded entities. In this way they become the basis for policy decisions and administrative actions. This article explores the characteristics of our current &quot;racethnic&quot; categories through the case example of the 1990 U.S. Census and raises questions about what features we highlight in creating these particular categories and what silences in public discourse are enabled by them The essay concludes with the implications for administrative practices of this public discourse on scientifically perceived &quot;racethnicity&quot; in two areas: the provision of client services and internal workplace diversity.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {4},\n\turldate = {2024-08-12},\n\tjournal = {Administration \\&amp; Society},\n\tauthor = {Yanow, Dvora},\n\tmonth = feb,\n\tyear = {1996},\n\tnote = {Publisher: SAGE Publications Inc},\n\tpages = {483--509},\n}\n\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  The categories that we have created in the United States to divide ourselves according to racial and ethnic characteristics are social constructions, not reflections of the natural world and as such are flexible and evolving. Yet we tend to regard and treat them as fixed, stable, scientifically grounded entities. In this way they become the basis for policy decisions and administrative actions. This article explores the characteristics of our current \"racethnic\" categories through the case example of the 1990 U.S. Census and raises questions about what features we highlight in creating these particular categories and what silences in public discourse are enabled by them The essay concludes with the implications for administrative practices of this public discourse on scientifically perceived \"racethnicity\" in two areas: the provision of client services and internal workplace diversity.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"yanow-howdoesapolicymeaninterpretingpolicyandorganizationalactions-1996\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"https://press.georgetown.edu/Book/How-Does-A-Policy-Mean\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'yanow-howdoesapolicymeaninterpretingpolicyandorganizationalactions-1996', 'https://press.georgetown.edu/Book/How-Does-A-Policy-Mean', event);\">\n    How Does a Policy Mean?: Interpreting Policy and Organizational Actions.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Yanow, D.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  Georgetown University Press,  1996.\n  <span class=\"note\">Google-Books-ID: 9myoFm367GAC</span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"https://press.georgetown.edu/Book/How-Does-A-Policy-Mean\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('yanow-howdoesapolicymeaninterpretingpolicyandorganizationalactions-1996', 'https://press.georgetown.edu/Book/How-Does-A-Policy-Mean', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"How Does a Policy Mean?: Interpreting Policy and Organizational Actions [link]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/yanow-howdoesapolicymeaninterpretingpolicyandorganizationalactions-1996\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('yanow-howdoesapolicymeaninterpretingpolicyandorganizationalactions-1996')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@book{yanow_how_1996,\n\ttitle = {How {Does} a {Policy} {Mean}?: {Interpreting} {Policy} and {Organizational} {Actions}},\n\tisbn = {978-0-87840-611-1},\n\tshorttitle = {How {Does} a {Policy} {Mean}?},\n\turl = {https://press.georgetown.edu/Book/How-Does-A-Policy-Mean},\n\tabstract = {&quot;Contributes insightfully to our understanding of political language \\&amp; symbolism.&quot;-Murray Edelman, Professor Emeritus of Political Science, University of Wisconsin.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tpublisher = {Georgetown University Press},\n\tauthor = {Yanow, Dvora},\n\tyear = {1996},\n\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: 9myoFm367GAC},\n\tkeywords = {Business \\&amp; Economics / Organizational Behavior, Political Science / General, Political Science / History \\&amp; Theory, Political Science / Public Affairs \\&amp; Administration, Political Science / Public Policy / General, Social Science / Sociology / General},\n}\n\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  \"Contributes insightfully to our understanding of political language & symbolism.\"-Murray Edelman, Professor Emeritus of Political Science, University of Wisconsin.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n\n\n\n    </div>\n  </div>\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_group_whole\" id=\"group_1995\">\n    <div class=\"bibbase_group\"\n      onclick=\"toggleGroup('group_1995')\"\n      onkeypress=\"toggleGroup('group_1995')\"\n      tabindex=\"0\">\n      <i class=\"fa fa-angle-down bibbase_group_head_icon\"></i>&nbsp;\n      <span>1995</span>\n      <span class=\"bibbase_group_count\">\n        \n        (5)\n        \n      </span>\n    </div>\n    <div class=\"bibbase_group_body\">\n      \n  \n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"yanow-practicesofpolicyinterpretation-1995\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00999671\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'yanow-practicesofpolicyinterpretation-1995', 'https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00999671', event);\">\n    Practices of policy interpretation.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Yanow, D.,\n  editor.\n  \n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  <i>Policy Sciences</i>, 28(2): 111–126. May 1995.\n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00999671\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('yanow-practicesofpolicyinterpretation-1995', 'https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00999671', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"Practices of policy interpretation [link]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.org/10.1007/BF00999671\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('yanow-practicesofpolicyinterpretation-1995', 'http://doi.org/10.1007/BF00999671', event.ctrlKey)\"\n     class=\"bibbase doi link\">\n    <span>doi</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/yanow-practicesofpolicyinterpretation-1995\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('yanow-practicesofpolicyinterpretation-1995')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@article{yanow_practices_1995,\n\ttitle = {Practices of policy interpretation},\n\tvolume = {28},\n\tissn = {1573-0891},\n\turl = {https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00999671},\n\tdoi = {10.1007/BF00999671},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {2},\n\turldate = {2024-08-13},\n\tjournal = {Policy Sciences},\n\teditor = {Yanow, Dvora},\n\tmonth = may,\n\tyear = {1995},\n\tpages = {111--126},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"yanow-builtspaceasstory-1995\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1541-0072.1995.tb00520.x\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'yanow-builtspaceasstory-1995', 'https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1541-0072.1995.tb00520.x', event);\">\n    Built Space as Story.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Yanow, D.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  <i>Policy Studies Journal</i>, 23(3): 407–422.  1995.\n  <span class=\"note\">_eprint: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/j.1541-0072.1995.tb00520.x</span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1541-0072.1995.tb00520.x\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('yanow-builtspaceasstory-1995', 'https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1541-0072.1995.tb00520.x', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"Built Space as Story [link]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.org/10.1111/j.1541-0072.1995.tb00520.x\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('yanow-builtspaceasstory-1995', 'http://doi.org/10.1111/j.1541-0072.1995.tb00520.x', event.ctrlKey)\"\n     class=\"bibbase doi link\">\n    <span>doi</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/yanow-builtspaceasstory-1995\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('yanow-builtspaceasstory-1995')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@article{yanow_built_1995,\n\ttitle = {Built {Space} as {Story}},\n\tvolume = {23},\n\tissn = {1541-0072},\n\turl = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1541-0072.1995.tb00520.x},\n\tdoi = {10.1111/j.1541-0072.1995.tb00520.x},\n\tabstract = {Policy analysis, both of a positivist and of an interpretivist bent, often focuses on the explicit, formal language of legislation. But policy meanings are also communicated through agency acts that take place in settings. In this essay I explore what we might learn for policy analysis in seeing built spaces–that is, policy settings–as texts, and specifically as stories.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {3},\n\turldate = {2024-08-13},\n\tjournal = {Policy Studies Journal},\n\tauthor = {Yanow, Dvora},\n\tyear = {1995},\n\tnote = {\\_eprint: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/j.1541-0072.1995.tb00520.x},\n\tpages = {407--422},\n}\n\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  Policy analysis, both of a positivist and of an interpretivist bent, often focuses on the explicit, formal language of legislation. But policy meanings are also communicated through agency acts that take place in settings. In this essay I explore what we might learn for policy analysis in seeing built spaces–that is, policy settings–as texts, and specifically as stories.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"fox-miller-thegrowinggapbetweenwordsanddeedspostmodernsymbolicpolitics-1995\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  The growing gap between words and deeds: Postmodern symbolic politics.\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Fox, C. J.;  and Miller, H. T.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  In <i>Postmodern Public Administration: Toward Discourse</i>, pages 42–72. SAGE Publications, Thousand Oaks, CA,  1995.\n  <span class=\"note\">Google-Books-ID: 6jmGAAAAMAAJ</span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/fox-miller-thegrowinggapbetweenwordsanddeedspostmodernsymbolicpolitics-1995\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('fox-miller-thegrowinggapbetweenwordsanddeedspostmodernsymbolicpolitics-1995')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@incollection{fox_growing_1995,\n\taddress = {Thousand Oaks, CA},\n\ttitle = {The growing gap between words and deeds: {Postmodern} symbolic politics},\n\tisbn = {978-0-8039-5802-9},\n\tabstract = {Charles J Fox and Hugh T Miller challenge current thinking about public policy and administration in the light of the postmodern condition. In this book  existing and accepted theories such as public management doctrines, constitutionalism and communitarianism are rejected in favour of constructing a discourse theory of public administration. The book also provides an invaluable, thorough and clear review of the doctrines and philosophies that have to date dominated the field.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tbooktitle = {Postmodern {Public} {Administration}: {Toward} {Discourse}},\n\tpublisher = {SAGE Publications},\n\tauthor = {Fox, Charles J. and Miller, Hugh T.},\n\tyear = {1995},\n\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: 6jmGAAAAMAAJ},\n\tkeywords = {Education / Educational Psychology, Language Arts \\&amp; Disciplines / Linguistics / Semantics, Political Science / General, Political Science / Public Affairs \\&amp; Administration},\n\tpages = {42--72},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  Charles J Fox and Hugh T Miller challenge current thinking about public policy and administration in the light of the postmodern condition. In this book existing and accepted theories such as public management doctrines, constitutionalism and communitarianism are rejected in favour of constructing a discourse theory of public administration. The book also provides an invaluable, thorough and clear review of the doctrines and philosophies that have to date dominated the field.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"harmon-responsibilityasparadoxacritiqueofrationaldiscourseongovernment-1995\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  Responsibility as Paradox: A Critique of Rational Discourse on Government.\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Harmon, M. M.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  SAGE Publications, Thousand Oaks, CA, May 1995.\n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/harmon-responsibilityasparadoxacritiqueofrationaldiscourseongovernment-1995\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('harmon-responsibilityasparadoxacritiqueofrationaldiscourseongovernment-1995')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@book{harmon_responsibility_1995,\n\taddress = {Thousand Oaks, CA},\n\ttitle = {Responsibility as {Paradox}: {A} {Critique} of {Rational} {Discourse} on {Government}},\n\tisbn = {978-0-8039-7008-3},\n\tshorttitle = {Responsibility as {Paradox}},\n\tabstract = {Exploring the concept of responsible government and administration, this book creates a new paradigm for looking at the issue. Michael M Harmon rejects the current predominant &#x60;rationalist&#x27; theory, which holds that responsibility involves an intractable conflict between the potential free will of an actor and the restrictions of the institution within which the actor operates. He suggests that public administration must undergo a paradigm shift in which institutional restrictions and individual free will create a healthy and dynamic tension and are not completely incompatible.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tpublisher = {SAGE Publications},\n\tauthor = {Harmon, Michael M.},\n\tmonth = may,\n\tyear = {1995},\n\tkeywords = {Medical / General, Political Science / General, Political Science / History \\&amp; Theory, Political Science / Public Affairs \\&amp; Administration},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  Exploring the concept of responsible government and administration, this book creates a new paradigm for looking at the issue. Michael M Harmon rejects the current predominant `rationalist' theory, which holds that responsibility involves an intractable conflict between the potential free will of an actor and the restrictions of the institution within which the actor operates. He suggests that public administration must undergo a paradigm shift in which institutional restrictions and individual free will create a healthy and dynamic tension and are not completely incompatible.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"oren-thesubjectivityofthedemocraticpeacechangingusperceptionsofimperialgermany-1995\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"https://www.jstor.org/stable/2539232\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'oren-thesubjectivityofthedemocraticpeacechangingusperceptionsofimperialgermany-1995', 'https://www.jstor.org/stable/2539232', event);\">\n    The Subjectivity of the \"Democratic\" Peace: Changing U.S. Perceptions of Imperial Germany.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Oren, I.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  <i>International Security</i>, 20(2): 147–184.  1995.\n  <span class=\"note\">Publisher: The MIT Press</span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"https://www.jstor.org/stable/2539232\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('oren-thesubjectivityofthedemocraticpeacechangingusperceptionsofimperialgermany-1995', 'https://www.jstor.org/stable/2539232', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"The Subjectivity of the &quot;Democratic&quot; Peace: Changing U.S. Perceptions of Imperial Germany [link]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.org/10.2307/2539232\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('oren-thesubjectivityofthedemocraticpeacechangingusperceptionsofimperialgermany-1995', 'http://doi.org/10.2307/2539232', event.ctrlKey)\"\n     class=\"bibbase doi link\">\n    <span>doi</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/oren-thesubjectivityofthedemocraticpeacechangingusperceptionsofimperialgermany-1995\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('oren-thesubjectivityofthedemocraticpeacechangingusperceptionsofimperialgermany-1995')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@article{oren_subjectivity_1995,\n\ttitle = {The {Subjectivity} of the &quot;{Democratic}&quot; {Peace}: {Changing} {U}.{S}. {Perceptions} of {Imperial} {Germany}},\n\tvolume = {20},\n\tissn = {0162-2889},\n\tshorttitle = {The {Subjectivity} of the &quot;{Democratic}&quot; {Peace}},\n\turl = {https://www.jstor.org/stable/2539232},\n\tdoi = {10.2307/2539232},\n\tnumber = {2},\n\turldate = {2024-08-12},\n\tjournal = {International Security},\n\tauthor = {Oren, Ido},\n\tyear = {1995},\n\tnote = {Publisher: The MIT Press},\n\tpages = {147--184},\n}\n\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n\n\n\n    </div>\n  </div>\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_group_whole\" id=\"group_1994\">\n    <div class=\"bibbase_group\"\n      onclick=\"toggleGroup('group_1994')\"\n      onkeypress=\"toggleGroup('group_1994')\"\n      tabindex=\"0\">\n      <i class=\"fa fa-angle-down bibbase_group_head_icon\"></i>&nbsp;\n      <span>1994</span>\n      <span class=\"bibbase_group_count\">\n        \n        (3)\n        \n      </span>\n    </div>\n    <div class=\"bibbase_group_body\">\n      \n  \n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"schn-rein-framereflectiontowardtheresolutionofintractablepolicycontroversies-1994\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  Frame Reflection: Toward the Resolution of Intractable Policy Controversies.\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Schön, D. A.;  and Rein, M.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  BasicBooks, NY,  1994.\n  <span class=\"note\">Google-Books-ID: g16OzQEACAAJ</span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/schn-rein-framereflectiontowardtheresolutionofintractablepolicycontroversies-1994\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('schn-rein-framereflectiontowardtheresolutionofintractablepolicycontroversies-1994')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@book{schon_frame_1994,\n\taddress = {NY},\n\ttitle = {Frame {Reflection}: {Toward} the {Resolution} of {Intractable} {Policy} {Controversies}},\n\tshorttitle = {Frame {Reflection}},\n\tabstract = {The authors argue - contrary to the prevailing wisdom in academia - that human beings can reflect on and learn about the game of policy making even as they play it. They write, &quot;human beings are capable of exploring how their own actions may exacerbate contention, contribute to stalemate, and trigger extreme pendulum swings, or, on the contrary, how their actions might help to resolve the frame conflicts that underlie stubborn policy disputes.&quot;},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tpublisher = {BasicBooks},\n\tauthor = {Schön, Donald A. and Rein, Martin},\n\tyear = {1994},\n\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: g16OzQEACAAJ},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  The authors argue - contrary to the prevailing wisdom in academia - that human beings can reflect on and learn about the game of policy making even as they play it. They write, \"human beings are capable of exploring how their own actions may exacerbate contention, contribute to stalemate, and trigger extreme pendulum swings, or, on the contrary, how their actions might help to resolve the frame conflicts that underlie stubborn policy disputes.\"\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"roe-narrativepolicyanalysistheoryandpractice-1994\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"https://read.dukeupress.edu/books/book/592/Narrative-Policy-AnalysisTheory-and-Practice\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'roe-narrativepolicyanalysistheoryandpractice-1994', 'https://read.dukeupress.edu/books/book/592/Narrative-Policy-AnalysisTheory-and-Practice', event);\">\n    Narrative Policy Analysis: Theory and Practice.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Roe, E.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  Duke University Press, Durham, NC, November 1994.\n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"https://read.dukeupress.edu/books/book/592/Narrative-Policy-AnalysisTheory-and-Practice\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('roe-narrativepolicyanalysistheoryandpractice-1994', 'https://read.dukeupress.edu/books/book/592/Narrative-Policy-AnalysisTheory-and-Practice', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"Narrative Policy Analysis: Theory and Practice [link]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.org/10.1215/9780822381891\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('roe-narrativepolicyanalysistheoryandpractice-1994', 'http://doi.org/10.1215/9780822381891', event.ctrlKey)\"\n     class=\"bibbase doi link\">\n    <span>doi</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/roe-narrativepolicyanalysistheoryandpractice-1994\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('roe-narrativepolicyanalysistheoryandpractice-1994')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@book{roe_narrative_1994,\n\taddress = {Durham, NC},\n\ttitle = {Narrative {Policy} {Analysis}: {Theory} and {Practice}},\n\tisbn = {978-0-8223-8189-1},\n\tshorttitle = {Narrative {Policy} {Analysis}},\n\turl = {https://read.dukeupress.edu/books/book/592/Narrative-Policy-AnalysisTheory-and-Practice},\n\tabstract = {Narrative Policy Analysis presents a powerful and original application of contemporary literary theory and policy analysis to many of today’s most urgent p},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\turldate = {2024-08-13},\n\tpublisher = {Duke University Press},\n\tauthor = {Roe, Emery},\n\tmonth = nov,\n\tyear = {1994},\n\tdoi = {10.1215/9780822381891},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  Narrative Policy Analysis presents a powerful and original application of contemporary literary theory and policy analysis to many of today’s most urgent p\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"fischer-sirianni-criticalstudiesinorganizationandbureaucracy-1994\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"https://books.google.ch/books/about/Critical_Studies_in_Organization_and_Bur.html?id=v8Vzk3YqA9gC&amp;redir_esc=y\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'fischer-sirianni-criticalstudiesinorganizationandbureaucracy-1994', 'https://books.google.ch/books/about/Critical_Studies_in_Organization_and_Bur.html?id=v8Vzk3YqA9gC&amp;redir_esc=y', event);\">\n    Critical Studies in Organization and Bureaucracy.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Fischer, F.;  and Sirianni, C.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  Temple University Press, Philadelphia, PA,  1994.\n  <span class=\"note\">Google-Books-ID: v8Vzk3YqA9gC</span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"https://books.google.ch/books/about/Critical_Studies_in_Organization_and_Bur.html?id=v8Vzk3YqA9gC&amp;redir_esc=y\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('fischer-sirianni-criticalstudiesinorganizationandbureaucracy-1994', 'https://books.google.ch/books/about/Critical_Studies_in_Organization_and_Bur.html?id=v8Vzk3YqA9gC&amp;redir_esc=y', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"Critical Studies in Organization and Bureaucracy [link]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/fischer-sirianni-criticalstudiesinorganizationandbureaucracy-1994\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('fischer-sirianni-criticalstudiesinorganizationandbureaucracy-1994')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@book{fischer_critical_1994,\n\taddress = {Philadelphia, PA},\n\ttitle = {Critical {Studies} in {Organization} and {Bureaucracy}},\n\tisbn = {978-1-56639-122-1},\n\turl = {https://books.google.ch/books/about/Critical_Studies_in_Organization_and_Bur.html?id=v8Vzk3YqA9gC&amp;redir_esc=y},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tpublisher = {Temple University Press},\n\tauthor = {Fischer, Frank and Sirianni, Carmen},\n\tyear = {1994},\n\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: v8Vzk3YqA9gC},\n\tkeywords = {Business \\&amp; Economics / General, Business \\&amp; Economics / Labor / General, Business \\&amp; Economics / Negotiating, Business \\&amp; Economics / Organizational Development},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n\n\n\n    </div>\n  </div>\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_group_whole\" id=\"group_1993\">\n    <div class=\"bibbase_group\"\n      onclick=\"toggleGroup('group_1993')\"\n      onkeypress=\"toggleGroup('group_1993')\"\n      tabindex=\"0\">\n      <i class=\"fa fa-angle-down bibbase_group_head_icon\"></i>&nbsp;\n      <span>1993</span>\n      <span class=\"bibbase_group_count\">\n        \n        (6)\n        \n      </span>\n    </div>\n    <div class=\"bibbase_group_body\">\n      \n  \n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"yanow-readingpolicymeaningsinorganizationscapes-1993\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"https://www.jstor.org/stable/43029097\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'yanow-readingpolicymeaningsinorganizationscapes-1993', 'https://www.jstor.org/stable/43029097', event);\">\n    Reading Policy Meanings in Organization-Scapes.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Yanow, D.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  <i>Journal of Architectural and Planning Research</i>, 10(4): 308–328.  1993.\n  <span class=\"note\">Publisher: Locke Science Publishing Company, Inc.</span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"https://www.jstor.org/stable/43029097\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('yanow-readingpolicymeaningsinorganizationscapes-1993', 'https://www.jstor.org/stable/43029097', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"Reading Policy Meanings in Organization-Scapes [link]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.jpart.a037144\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('yanow-readingpolicymeaningsinorganizationscapes-1993', 'http://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.jpart.a037144', event.ctrlKey)\"\n     class=\"bibbase doi link\">\n    <span>doi</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/yanow-readingpolicymeaningsinorganizationscapes-1993\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('yanow-readingpolicymeaningsinorganizationscapes-1993')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@article{yanow_reading_1993,\n\ttitle = {Reading {Policy} {Meanings} in {Organization}-{Scapes}},\n\tvolume = {10},\n\tissn = {0738-0895},\n\turl = {https://www.jstor.org/stable/43029097},\n\tdoi = {https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.jpart.a037144},\n\tabstract = {The language of public policies is often ambiguous, and yet meanings are nonetheless communicated among legislators, implementors, clients and potential clients, and policy-relevant publics. One way in which this is accomplished is through the built space which implementing agencies inhabit Built spaces and their meanings exist in a symbolic relationship: the more concrete organization-scapes embody, represent, and communicate the more abstract meanings of public policies. This is done both substantively — by the physical elements of built space — and processually — through entering and using the spaces and appurtenances. The symbolic nature of organization-scapes is explored here in buildings constructed by the Israel Corporation of Community Centers as it implemented its policy mandate. Ways in which policy and agency meanings were communicated through these buildings to multiple audiences are shown. The case analysis suggests the need to rethink Goodsell&#x27;s (1988) typology of &quot;civic spaces&quot; in understanding the conditions under which organization-scapes convey regime and societal values and beliefs.},\n\tnumber = {4},\n\turldate = {2024-08-13},\n\tjournal = {Journal of Architectural and Planning Research},\n\tauthor = {Yanow, Dvora},\n\tyear = {1993},\n\tnote = {Publisher: Locke Science Publishing Company, Inc.},\n\tpages = {308--328},\n}\n\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  The language of public policies is often ambiguous, and yet meanings are nonetheless communicated among legislators, implementors, clients and potential clients, and policy-relevant publics. One way in which this is accomplished is through the built space which implementing agencies inhabit Built spaces and their meanings exist in a symbolic relationship: the more concrete organization-scapes embody, represent, and communicate the more abstract meanings of public policies. This is done both substantively — by the physical elements of built space — and processually — through entering and using the spaces and appurtenances. The symbolic nature of organization-scapes is explored here in buildings constructed by the Israel Corporation of Community Centers as it implemented its policy mandate. Ways in which policy and agency meanings were communicated through these buildings to multiple audiences are shown. The case analysis suggests the need to rethink Goodsell's (1988) typology of \"civic spaces\" in understanding the conditions under which organization-scapes convey regime and societal values and beliefs.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"fischer-forester-theargumentativeturninpolicyanalysisandplanning-1993\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"http://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctv1220k4f\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'fischer-forester-theargumentativeturninpolicyanalysisandplanning-1993', 'http://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctv1220k4f', event);\">\n    The Argumentative Turn in Policy Analysis and Planning.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Fischer, F.;  and Forester, J.,\n  editors.\n  \n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  Duke University Press,  1993.\n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctv1220k4f\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('fischer-forester-theargumentativeturninpolicyanalysisandplanning-1993', 'http://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctv1220k4f', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"The Argumentative Turn in Policy Analysis and Planning [link]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv1220k4f\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('fischer-forester-theargumentativeturninpolicyanalysisandplanning-1993', 'http://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv1220k4f', event.ctrlKey)\"\n     class=\"bibbase doi link\">\n    <span>doi</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/fischer-forester-theargumentativeturninpolicyanalysisandplanning-1993\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('fischer-forester-theargumentativeturninpolicyanalysisandplanning-1993')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@book{fischer_argumentative_1993,\n\ttitle = {The {Argumentative} {Turn} in {Policy} {Analysis} and {Planning}},\n\tisbn = {978-0-8223-1354-0},\n\turl = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctv1220k4f},\n\tabstract = {Public policy is made of language. Whether in written or oral form, argument is central to all parts of the policy process. As simple as this insight appears, its implications for policy analysis and planning are profound. Drawing from recent work on language and argumentation and referring to such theorists as Wittgenstein, Habermas, Toulmin, and Foucault, these essays explore the interplay of language, action, and power in both the practice and the theory of policy-making. The contributors, scholars of international renown who range across the theoretical spectrum, emphasize the political nature of the policy planner&#x27;s work and stress the role of persuasive arguments in practical decision making. Recognizing the rhetorical, communicative character of policy and planning deliberations, they show that policy arguments are necessarily selective, both shaping and being shaped by relations of power. These essays reveal the practices of policy analysts and planners in powerful new ways--as matters of practical argumentation in complex, highly political environments. They also make an important contribution to contemporary debates over postempiricism in the social and policy sciences. Contributors. John S. Dryzek, William N. Dunn, Frank Fischer, John Forester, Maarten Hajer, Patsy Healey, Robert Hoppe, Bruce Jennings, Thomas J. Kaplan, Duncan MacRae, Jr., Martin Rein, Donald Schon, J. A. Throgmorton},\n\turldate = {2024-08-13},\n\tpublisher = {Duke University Press},\n\teditor = {Fischer, Frank and Forester, John},\n\tyear = {1993},\n\tdoi = {10.2307/j.ctv1220k4f},\n}\n\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  Public policy is made of language. Whether in written or oral form, argument is central to all parts of the policy process. As simple as this insight appears, its implications for policy analysis and planning are profound. Drawing from recent work on language and argumentation and referring to such theorists as Wittgenstein, Habermas, Toulmin, and Foucault, these essays explore the interplay of language, action, and power in both the practice and the theory of policy-making. The contributors, scholars of international renown who range across the theoretical spectrum, emphasize the political nature of the policy planner's work and stress the role of persuasive arguments in practical decision making. Recognizing the rhetorical, communicative character of policy and planning deliberations, they show that policy arguments are necessarily selective, both shaping and being shaped by relations of power. These essays reveal the practices of policy analysts and planners in powerful new ways–as matters of practical argumentation in complex, highly political environments. They also make an important contribution to contemporary debates over postempiricism in the social and policy sciences. Contributors. John S. Dryzek, William N. Dunn, Frank Fischer, John Forester, Maarten Hajer, Patsy Healey, Robert Hoppe, Bruce Jennings, Thomas J. Kaplan, Duncan MacRae, Jr., Martin Rein, Donald Schon, J. A. Throgmorton\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"yanow-thecommunicationofpolicymeaningsimplementationasinterpretationandtext-1993\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01006496\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'yanow-thecommunicationofpolicymeaningsimplementationasinterpretationandtext-1993', 'https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01006496', event);\">\n    The communication of policy meanings: Implementation as interpretation and text.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Yanow, D.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  <i>Policy Sciences</i>, 26(1): 41–61. March 1993.\n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01006496\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('yanow-thecommunicationofpolicymeaningsimplementationasinterpretationandtext-1993', 'https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01006496', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"The communication of policy meanings: Implementation as interpretation and text [link]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.org/10.1007/BF01006496\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('yanow-thecommunicationofpolicymeaningsimplementationasinterpretationandtext-1993', 'http://doi.org/10.1007/BF01006496', event.ctrlKey)\"\n     class=\"bibbase doi link\">\n    <span>doi</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/yanow-thecommunicationofpolicymeaningsimplementationasinterpretationandtext-1993\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('yanow-thecommunicationofpolicymeaningsimplementationasinterpretationandtext-1993')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@article{yanow_communication_1993,\n\ttitle = {The communication of policy meanings: {Implementation} as interpretation and text},\n\tvolume = {26},\n\tissn = {1573-0891},\n\tshorttitle = {The communication of policy meanings},\n\turl = {https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01006496},\n\tdoi = {10.1007/BF01006496},\n\tabstract = {Interpretive approaches to policy analysis introduce a set of questions about how policy meanings are communicated to multiple audiences, and exploring these questions is a useful alternative to more traditional positivist approaches to understanding policy implementation. The article explores the theoretical background for one such approach illustrated by a case study of the Israel Corporation of Community Centers from 1969 to 1981 which shows how meanings were communicated through agency objects, language, and acts that represented policy and societal values. Agency artifacts are shown to symbolize tacitly known meanings as well as those which are part of a policy&#x27;s explicit language. Not only do implementors and other situational actors interpret these artifacts; the policy and these interpretations may be “read” as a “text” about societal values and identity.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {1},\n\turldate = {2024-08-13},\n\tjournal = {Policy Sciences},\n\tauthor = {Yanow, Dvora},\n\tmonth = mar,\n\tyear = {1993},\n\tkeywords = {Community Center, Economic Policy, Policy Analysis, Situational Actor, Theoretical Background},\n\tpages = {41--61},\n}\n\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  Interpretive approaches to policy analysis introduce a set of questions about how policy meanings are communicated to multiple audiences, and exploring these questions is a useful alternative to more traditional positivist approaches to understanding policy implementation. The article explores the theoretical background for one such approach illustrated by a case study of the Israel Corporation of Community Centers from 1969 to 1981 which shows how meanings were communicated through agency objects, language, and acts that represented policy and societal values. Agency artifacts are shown to symbolize tacitly known meanings as well as those which are part of a policy's explicit language. Not only do implementors and other situational actors interpret these artifacts; the policy and these interpretations may be “read” as a “text” about societal values and identity.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"schon-generativemetaphor-1993\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  Generative metaphor.\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Schon, D. A.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  In Ortony, A., editor(s), <i>Metaphor and Thought</i>, pages 254–283. Cambridge University Press, United Kingdom, November 1993.\n  <span class=\"note\">Google-Books-ID: QiJRvuXA_VcC</span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/schon-generativemetaphor-1993\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('schon-generativemetaphor-1993')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@incollection{ortony_generative_1993,\n\taddress = {United Kingdom},\n\ttitle = {Generative metaphor},\n\tisbn = {978-0-521-40561-4},\n\tabstract = {Metaphor and Thought reflects the surge of interest in and research into the nature and function of metaphor in language and thought. Philosophers, psychologists, linguists, and educators raise serious questions about the viability of the traditional distinction between the literal and the metaphorical, discussing problems ranging from the definition of metaphor to its role in language acquistion, learning, scientific thinking, and the creation of social policy. In the second edition, the contributors have updated their original essays to reflect changes in their fields. The volume also includes six new chapters that present important and influential new ideas about metaphor that have appeared in such fields as the philosophy of language and the philosophy of science, linguistics, cognitive and clinical psychology, education, and artificial intelligence. The book will serve as an excellent graduate-level textbook in cognitive psychology, linguistics, and artificial intelligence.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tbooktitle = {Metaphor and {Thought}},\n\tpublisher = {Cambridge University Press},\n\tauthor = {Schon, Donald A.},\n\teditor = {Ortony, Andrew},\n\tmonth = nov,\n\tyear = {1993},\n\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: QiJRvuXA\\_VcC},\n\tkeywords = {Language Arts \\&amp; Disciplines / General, Philosophy / Logic, Psychology / Cognitive Psychology \\&amp; Cognition, Psychology / General},\n\tpages = {254--283},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  Metaphor and Thought reflects the surge of interest in and research into the nature and function of metaphor in language and thought. Philosophers, psychologists, linguists, and educators raise serious questions about the viability of the traditional distinction between the literal and the metaphorical, discussing problems ranging from the definition of metaphor to its role in language acquistion, learning, scientific thinking, and the creation of social policy. In the second edition, the contributors have updated their original essays to reflect changes in their fields. The volume also includes six new chapters that present important and influential new ideas about metaphor that have appeared in such fields as the philosophy of language and the philosophy of science, linguistics, cognitive and clinical psychology, education, and artificial intelligence. The book will serve as an excellent graduate-level textbook in cognitive psychology, linguistics, and artificial intelligence.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"diamond-theunconsciouslifeoforganizationsinterpretingorganizationalidentity-1993\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  The unconscious life of organizations: Interpreting organizational identity.\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Diamond, M. A.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n   of The unconscious life of organizations: Interpreting organizational identity.Quorum Books/Greenwood Publishing Group, Westport, CT, US,  1993.\n  <span class=\"note\">Pages: xiv, 251</span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/diamond-theunconsciouslifeoforganizationsinterpretingorganizationalidentity-1993\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('diamond-theunconsciouslifeoforganizationsinterpretingorganizationalidentity-1993')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@book{diamond_unconscious_1993,\n\taddress = {Westport,  CT,  US},\n\tseries = {The unconscious life of organizations:  {Interpreting} organizational identity.},\n\ttitle = {The unconscious life of organizations:  {Interpreting} organizational identity.},\n\tisbn = {0-89930-833-3 (Hardcover)},\n\tabstract = {This book offers a contemporary psychodynamic view of organizational life. [The author] stresses the unconscious dimensions of hierarchic and other work relationships in organizations. From these relationships, he argues, come not only organizational cultures but also organizational identities. The book transcends the common technical rational approach to organizational behavior by isolating and then analyzing the nonrational side of organizational experience. Diamond illustrates how different characteristics of organizational life emerge from the dynamics of shared and projected emotions between leaders and followers, managers and subordinates, and among workers.  This book offers the organizational theorist and consultant a variety of psychodynamic tools to apply in understanding and positively changing organizations. [It] will be of interest to organizational development consultants, human resource professionals, organizational theorists and researchers, organizational psychologists and psychodynamically oriented social and behavioral scientists, and psychologically informed managers and executives. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)},\n\tpublisher = {Quorum Books/Greenwood Publishing Group},\n\tauthor = {Diamond, Michael A.},\n\tyear = {1993},\n\tnote = {Pages: xiv, 251},\n\tkeywords = {*Organizational Behavior, *Organizational Climate, *Unconscious (Personality Factor), Employee Interaction, Psychoanalytic Interpretation, Psychodynamics},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  This book offers a contemporary psychodynamic view of organizational life. [The author] stresses the unconscious dimensions of hierarchic and other work relationships in organizations. From these relationships, he argues, come not only organizational cultures but also organizational identities. The book transcends the common technical rational approach to organizational behavior by isolating and then analyzing the nonrational side of organizational experience. Diamond illustrates how different characteristics of organizational life emerge from the dynamics of shared and projected emotions between leaders and followers, managers and subordinates, and among workers. This book offers the organizational theorist and consultant a variety of psychodynamic tools to apply in understanding and positively changing organizations. [It] will be of interest to organizational development consultants, human resource professionals, organizational theorists and researchers, organizational psychologists and psychodynamically oriented social and behavioral scientists, and psychologically informed managers and executives. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"schmidt-groutalternativekindsofknowledgeandwhytheyareignored-1993\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"https://www.jstor.org/stable/977362\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'schmidt-groutalternativekindsofknowledgeandwhytheyareignored-1993', 'https://www.jstor.org/stable/977362', event);\">\n    Grout: Alternative Kinds of Knowledge and Why They Are Ignored.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Schmidt, M. R.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  <i>Public Administration Review</i>, 53(6): 525–530.  1993.\n  <span class=\"note\">Publisher: [American Society for Public Administration, Wiley]</span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"https://www.jstor.org/stable/977362\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('schmidt-groutalternativekindsofknowledgeandwhytheyareignored-1993', 'https://www.jstor.org/stable/977362', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"Grout: Alternative Kinds of Knowledge and Why They Are Ignored [link]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.org/10.2307/977362\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('schmidt-groutalternativekindsofknowledgeandwhytheyareignored-1993', 'http://doi.org/10.2307/977362', event.ctrlKey)\"\n     class=\"bibbase doi link\">\n    <span>doi</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/schmidt-groutalternativekindsofknowledgeandwhytheyareignored-1993\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('schmidt-groutalternativekindsofknowledgeandwhytheyareignored-1993')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@article{schmidt_grout_1993,\n\ttitle = {Grout: {Alternative} {Kinds} of {Knowledge} and {Why} {They} {Are} {Ignored}},\n\tvolume = {53},\n\tissn = {0033-3352},\n\tshorttitle = {Grout},\n\turl = {https://www.jstor.org/stable/977362},\n\tdoi = {10.2307/977362},\n\tabstract = {What can managers learn from lowly workers and ordinary people? Beginning with a story of a dam that failed, Mary Schmidt describes four alternative kinds of knowledge that differ from the mainstream concept of scientific knowledge. Referring to these types of knowledge as &quot;a feel for the hole,&quot; &quot;intimate knowledge,&quot; &quot;passive/critical knowledge,&quot; and &quot;a feel for the whole,&quot; Schmidt argues that science, engineering, and bureaucratic institutions, under a common model of reality, often ignore and suppress these insightful kinds of knowledge. Examples from biological science and ideas from organizational theory suggest a richer model of nature and of man-made reality and a broader concept of rationality in decision making. She concludes with general characteristics of such knowledge and an application to public administration.},\n\tnumber = {6},\n\turldate = {2024-08-13},\n\tjournal = {Public Administration Review},\n\tauthor = {Schmidt, Mary R.},\n\tyear = {1993},\n\tnote = {Publisher: [American Society for Public Administration, Wiley]},\n\tpages = {525--530},\n}\n\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  What can managers learn from lowly workers and ordinary people? Beginning with a story of a dam that failed, Mary Schmidt describes four alternative kinds of knowledge that differ from the mainstream concept of scientific knowledge. Referring to these types of knowledge as \"a feel for the hole,\" \"intimate knowledge,\" \"passive/critical knowledge,\" and \"a feel for the whole,\" Schmidt argues that science, engineering, and bureaucratic institutions, under a common model of reality, often ignore and suppress these insightful kinds of knowledge. Examples from biological science and ideas from organizational theory suggest a richer model of nature and of man-made reality and a broader concept of rationality in decision making. She concludes with general characteristics of such knowledge and an application to public administration.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n\n\n\n    </div>\n  </div>\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_group_whole\" id=\"group_1992\">\n    <div class=\"bibbase_group\"\n      onclick=\"toggleGroup('group_1992')\"\n      onkeypress=\"toggleGroup('group_1992')\"\n      tabindex=\"0\">\n      <i class=\"fa fa-angle-down bibbase_group_head_icon\"></i>&nbsp;\n      <span>1992</span>\n      <span class=\"bibbase_group_count\">\n        \n        (3)\n        \n      </span>\n    </div>\n    <div class=\"bibbase_group_body\">\n      \n  \n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"yanow-supermarketsandcultureclashtheepistemologicalroleofmetaphorsinadministrativepractice-1992\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1177/027507409202200202\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'yanow-supermarketsandcultureclashtheepistemologicalroleofmetaphorsinadministrativepractice-1992', 'https://doi.org/10.1177/027507409202200202', event);\">\n    Supermarkets and Culture Clash: The Epistemological Role of Metaphors in Administrative Practice.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Yanow, D.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  <i>The American Review of Public Administration</i>, 22(2): 89–109. June 1992.\n  <span class=\"note\">Publisher: SAGE Publications Inc</span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1177/027507409202200202\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('yanow-supermarketsandcultureclashtheepistemologicalroleofmetaphorsinadministrativepractice-1992', 'https://doi.org/10.1177/027507409202200202', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"Supermarkets and Culture Clash: The Epistemological Role of Metaphors in Administrative Practice [link]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.org/10.1177/027507409202200202\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('yanow-supermarketsandcultureclashtheepistemologicalroleofmetaphorsinadministrativepractice-1992', 'http://doi.org/10.1177/027507409202200202', event.ctrlKey)\"\n     class=\"bibbase doi link\">\n    <span>doi</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/yanow-supermarketsandcultureclashtheepistemologicalroleofmetaphorsinadministrativepractice-1992\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('yanow-supermarketsandcultureclashtheepistemologicalroleofmetaphorsinadministrativepractice-1992')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@article{yanow_supermarkets_1992,\n\ttitle = {Supermarkets and {Culture} {Clash}: {The} {Epistemological} {Role} of {Metaphors} in {Administrative} {Practice}},\n\tvolume = {22},\n\tissn = {0275-0740},\n\tshorttitle = {Supermarkets and {Culture} {Clash}},\n\turl = {https://doi.org/10.1177/027507409202200202},\n\tdoi = {10.1177/027507409202200202},\n\tabstract = {Metaphor analysis traditionally treats its subject as a figure of speech, that is, a purely literary device that can be replaced by literal language. However, recent work suggests that metaphors should be thought of as figures of thought strongly based in cognition; they thus imply action. This article examines a particular organizational metaphor that founders created and members used to form an organization. Tacitly known, the metaphor shaped building design; program offerings; management, staff, and client behaviors; and evaluation criteria. But it also fueled conflict with one subdivision of the organization whose professional practice was not in keeping with the actions the metaphor suggested. The case example, then, illustrates a metaphor that was both a help and a hindrence in shaping organizational action.Although metaphors may clarify and confuse at the same time, it is not clear that we can eliminate this pitfall by substituting literal language or other metaphors. This article argues that organizational metaphors are not merely decorations or unclear thought, but are cognitively grounded and cannot be replaced without changing the way people think about and understand the nature and mission of their organization. The article addresses the argument that metaphors should be explicit and suggests some concerns this position raises.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {2},\n\turldate = {2024-08-13},\n\tjournal = {The American Review of Public Administration},\n\tauthor = {Yanow, Dvora},\n\tmonth = jun,\n\tyear = {1992},\n\tnote = {Publisher: SAGE Publications Inc},\n\tpages = {89--109},\n}\n\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  Metaphor analysis traditionally treats its subject as a figure of speech, that is, a purely literary device that can be replaced by literal language. However, recent work suggests that metaphors should be thought of as figures of thought strongly based in cognition; they thus imply action. This article examines a particular organizational metaphor that founders created and members used to form an organization. Tacitly known, the metaphor shaped building design; program offerings; management, staff, and client behaviors; and evaluation criteria. But it also fueled conflict with one subdivision of the organization whose professional practice was not in keeping with the actions the metaphor suggested. The case example, then, illustrates a metaphor that was both a help and a hindrence in shaping organizational action.Although metaphors may clarify and confuse at the same time, it is not clear that we can eliminate this pitfall by substituting literal language or other metaphors. This article argues that organizational metaphors are not merely decorations or unclear thought, but are cognitively grounded and cannot be replaced without changing the way people think about and understand the nature and mission of their organization. The article addresses the argument that metaphors should be explicit and suggests some concerns this position raises.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"white-takinglanguageseriouslytowardanarrativetheoryofknowledgeforadministrativeresearch-1992\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1177/027507409202200201\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'white-takinglanguageseriouslytowardanarrativetheoryofknowledgeforadministrativeresearch-1992', 'https://doi.org/10.1177/027507409202200201', event);\">\n    Taking Language Seriously: Toward a Narrative Theory of Knowledge for Administrative Research.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  White, J. D.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  <i>The American Review of Public Administration</i>, 22(2): 75–88. June 1992.\n  <span class=\"note\">Publisher: SAGE Publications Inc</span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1177/027507409202200201\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('white-takinglanguageseriouslytowardanarrativetheoryofknowledgeforadministrativeresearch-1992', 'https://doi.org/10.1177/027507409202200201', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"Taking Language Seriously: Toward a Narrative Theory of Knowledge for Administrative Research [link]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.org/10.1177/027507409202200201\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('white-takinglanguageseriouslytowardanarrativetheoryofknowledgeforadministrativeresearch-1992', 'http://doi.org/10.1177/027507409202200201', event.ctrlKey)\"\n     class=\"bibbase doi link\">\n    <span>doi</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/white-takinglanguageseriouslytowardanarrativetheoryofknowledgeforadministrativeresearch-1992\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('white-takinglanguageseriouslytowardanarrativetheoryofknowledgeforadministrativeresearch-1992')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@article{white_taking_1992,\n\ttitle = {Taking {Language} {Seriously}: {Toward} a {Narrative} {Theory} of {Knowledge} for {Administrative} {Research}},\n\tvolume = {22},\n\tissn = {0275-0740},\n\tshorttitle = {Taking {Language} {Seriously}},\n\turl = {https://doi.org/10.1177/027507409202200201},\n\tdoi = {10.1177/027507409202200201},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {2},\n\turldate = {2024-08-13},\n\tjournal = {The American Review of Public Administration},\n\tauthor = {White, Jay D.},\n\tmonth = jun,\n\tyear = {1992},\n\tnote = {Publisher: SAGE Publications Inc},\n\tpages = {75--88},\n}\n\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"ingersoll-adams-thetacitorganization-1992\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  The Tacit Organization.\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Ingersoll, V. H.;  and Adams, G. B.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  JAI Press, Greenwich, CT,  1992.\n  <span class=\"note\">Google-Books-ID: HK23AAAAIAAJ</span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/ingersoll-adams-thetacitorganization-1992\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('ingersoll-adams-thetacitorganization-1992')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@book{ingersoll_tacit_1992,\n\taddress = {Greenwich, CT},\n\ttitle = {The {Tacit} {Organization}},\n\tisbn = {978-1-55938-297-7},\n\tabstract = {Part of a series which provides contemporary studies on applied behavioural science, this volume focuses on the tacit organization. Topics include metapattern in the culture of organizations; the managerial metamyth in children&#x27;s literature; and the symbolic approach to the study of organizations.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tpublisher = {JAI Press},\n\tauthor = {Ingersoll, Virginia Hill and Adams, Guy B.},\n\tyear = {1992},\n\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: HK23AAAAIAAJ},\n\tkeywords = {Business \\&amp; Economics / Negotiating, Business \\&amp; Economics / Organizational Behavior},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  Part of a series which provides contemporary studies on applied behavioural science, this volume focuses on the tacit organization. Topics include metapattern in the culture of organizations; the managerial metamyth in children's literature; and the symbolic approach to the study of organizations.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n\n\n\n    </div>\n  </div>\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_group_whole\" id=\"group_1991\">\n    <div class=\"bibbase_group\"\n      onclick=\"toggleGroup('group_1991')\"\n      onkeypress=\"toggleGroup('group_1991')\"\n      tabindex=\"0\">\n      <i class=\"fa fa-angle-down bibbase_group_head_icon\"></i>&nbsp;\n      <span>1991</span>\n      <span class=\"bibbase_group_count\">\n        \n        (3)\n        \n      </span>\n    </div>\n    <div class=\"bibbase_group_body\">\n      \n  \n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"throgmorton-therhetoricsofpolicyanalysis-1991\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00138058\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'throgmorton-therhetoricsofpolicyanalysis-1991', 'https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00138058', event);\">\n    The rhetorics of policy analysis.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Throgmorton, J. A.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  <i>Policy Sciences</i>, 24(2): 153–179. May 1991.\n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00138058\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('throgmorton-therhetoricsofpolicyanalysis-1991', 'https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00138058', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"The rhetorics of policy analysis [link]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.org/10.1007/BF00138058\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('throgmorton-therhetoricsofpolicyanalysis-1991', 'http://doi.org/10.1007/BF00138058', event.ctrlKey)\"\n     class=\"bibbase doi link\">\n    <span>doi</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/throgmorton-therhetoricsofpolicyanalysis-1991\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('throgmorton-therhetoricsofpolicyanalysis-1991')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@article{throgmorton_rhetorics_1991,\n\ttitle = {The rhetorics of policy analysis},\n\tvolume = {24},\n\tissn = {1573-0891},\n\turl = {https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00138058},\n\tdoi = {10.1007/BF00138058},\n\tabstract = {This paper claims that policy analysis is inherently rhetorical, that it cannot be fully understood apart from the audiences to which it is directed and the styles in which it is communicated. Defining rhetoric as persuasive discourse within and between interpretive communities, I argue that policy analysts are embedded in a complex rhetorical situation created by the interaction of three primary audiences (scientists, politicians, and lay advocates), each of which has its own normal discourse and agreed-upon conventions of persuasion, and that failure to persuade any one of these audiences will cause analysts to appear incompetent, impractical or illegitimate. To support and illustrate this claim I reconstruct the theoretical literature about policy analysis in rhetorical terms, then review events that occurred at Love Canal, New York, in the late 1970s. I conclude by suggesting that policy analysts need to ‘actively mediate’ the policy discourse between scientists, politicians, and advocates.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {2},\n\turldate = {2024-08-13},\n\tjournal = {Policy Sciences},\n\tauthor = {Throgmorton, J. A.},\n\tmonth = may,\n\tyear = {1991},\n\tkeywords = {Economic Policy, Policy Analysis, Policy Analyst, Policy Discourse, Theoretical Literature},\n\tpages = {153--179},\n}\n\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  This paper claims that policy analysis is inherently rhetorical, that it cannot be fully understood apart from the audiences to which it is directed and the styles in which it is communicated. Defining rhetoric as persuasive discourse within and between interpretive communities, I argue that policy analysts are embedded in a complex rhetorical situation created by the interaction of three primary audiences (scientists, politicians, and lay advocates), each of which has its own normal discourse and agreed-upon conventions of persuasion, and that failure to persuade any one of these audiences will cause analysts to appear incompetent, impractical or illegitimate. To support and illustrate this claim I reconstruct the theoretical literature about policy analysis in rhetorical terms, then review events that occurred at Love Canal, New York, in the late 1970s. I conclude by suggesting that policy analysts need to ‘actively mediate’ the policy discourse between scientists, politicians, and advocates.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"hummel-storiesmanagerstellwhytheyareasvalidasscience-1991\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"https://www.jstor.org/stable/976634\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'hummel-storiesmanagerstellwhytheyareasvalidasscience-1991', 'https://www.jstor.org/stable/976634', event);\">\n    Stories Managers Tell: Why They Are as Valid as Science.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Hummel, R. P.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  <i>Public Administration Review</i>, 51(1): 31–41.  1991.\n  <span class=\"note\">Publisher: [American Society for Public Administration, Wiley]</span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"https://www.jstor.org/stable/976634\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('hummel-storiesmanagerstellwhytheyareasvalidasscience-1991', 'https://www.jstor.org/stable/976634', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"Stories Managers Tell: Why They Are as Valid as Science [link]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.org/10.2307/976634\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('hummel-storiesmanagerstellwhytheyareasvalidasscience-1991', 'http://doi.org/10.2307/976634', event.ctrlKey)\"\n     class=\"bibbase doi link\">\n    <span>doi</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/hummel-storiesmanagerstellwhytheyareasvalidasscience-1991\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('hummel-storiesmanagerstellwhytheyareasvalidasscience-1991')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@article{hummel_stories_1991,\n\ttitle = {Stories {Managers} {Tell}: {Why} {They} {Are} as {Valid} as {Science}},\n\tvolume = {51},\n\tissn = {0033-3352},\n\tshorttitle = {Stories {Managers} {Tell}},\n\turl = {https://www.jstor.org/stable/976634},\n\tdoi = {10.2307/976634},\n\tabstract = {Is the knowledge base of public administration too unscientific? In response to critics who argue it is, Ralph Hummel offers a defense of the way public sector managers acquire and use knowledge. In contrast to those who contend that public administration needs to generate and use knowledge based on &quot;objectivity&quot; and &quot;pure reason,&quot; Hummel contends that the way managers interpret their world-&quot;story-telling&quot;-is a valid means for producing and accumulating knowledge. He argues that this source of knowledge is as credible for scholars and students of public administration as it is for practitioners.},\n\tnumber = {1},\n\turldate = {2024-08-13},\n\tjournal = {Public Administration Review},\n\tauthor = {Hummel, Ralph P.},\n\tyear = {1991},\n\tnote = {Publisher: [American Society for Public Administration, Wiley]},\n\tpages = {31--41},\n}\n\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  Is the knowledge base of public administration too unscientific? In response to critics who argue it is, Ralph Hummel offers a defense of the way public sector managers acquire and use knowledge. In contrast to those who contend that public administration needs to generate and use knowledge based on \"objectivity\" and \"pure reason,\" Hummel contends that the way managers interpret their world-\"story-telling\"-is a valid means for producing and accumulating knowledge. He argues that this source of knowledge is as credible for scholars and students of public administration as it is for practitioners.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"berger-luckmann-thesocialconstructionofrealityatreatiseinthesociologyofknowledge-1991\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  The Social Construction of Reality: A Treatise in the Sociology of Knowledge.\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Berger, P. L.;  and Luckmann, T.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  Penguin UK, March 1991.\n  <span class=\"note\">Google-Books-ID: rGg9mT_JNIEC</span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/berger-luckmann-thesocialconstructionofrealityatreatiseinthesociologyofknowledge-1991\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('berger-luckmann-thesocialconstructionofrealityatreatiseinthesociologyofknowledge-1991')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@book{berger_social_1991,\n\ttitle = {The {Social} {Construction} of {Reality}: {A} {Treatise} in the {Sociology} of {Knowledge}},\n\tisbn = {978-0-14-193163-0},\n\tshorttitle = {The {Social} {Construction} of {Reality}},\n\tabstract = {A general and systematic account of the role of knowledge in society aimed to stimulate both critical discussion and empirical investigations.This book is concerned with the sociology of ‘everything that passes for knowledge in society’. It focuses particularly on that ‘common-sense knowledge’ which constitutes the reality of everyday life for the ordinary member of society.The authors are concerned to present an analysis of knowledge in everyday life in the context of a theory of society as a dialectical process between objective and subjective reality. Their development of a theory of institutions, legitimations and socializations has implications beyond the discipline of sociology, and their ‘humanistic’ approach has considerable relevance for other social scientists, historians, philosophers and anthropologists.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tpublisher = {Penguin UK},\n\tauthor = {Berger, Peter L. and Luckmann, Thomas},\n\tmonth = mar,\n\tyear = {1991},\n\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: rGg9mT\\_JNIEC},\n\tkeywords = {Philosophy / Epistemology, Social Science / Sociology / General},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  A general and systematic account of the role of knowledge in society aimed to stimulate both critical discussion and empirical investigations.This book is concerned with the sociology of ‘everything that passes for knowledge in society’. It focuses particularly on that ‘common-sense knowledge’ which constitutes the reality of everyday life for the ordinary member of society.The authors are concerned to present an analysis of knowledge in everyday life in the context of a theory of society as a dialectical process between objective and subjective reality. Their development of a theory of institutions, legitimations and socializations has implications beyond the discipline of sociology, and their ‘humanistic’ approach has considerable relevance for other social scientists, historians, philosophers and anthropologists.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n\n\n\n    </div>\n  </div>\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_group_whole\" id=\"group_1990\">\n    <div class=\"bibbase_group\"\n      onclick=\"toggleGroup('group_1990')\"\n      onkeypress=\"toggleGroup('group_1990')\"\n      tabindex=\"0\">\n      <i class=\"fa fa-angle-down bibbase_group_head_icon\"></i>&nbsp;\n      <span>1990</span>\n      <span class=\"bibbase_group_count\">\n        \n        (3)\n        \n      </span>\n    </div>\n    <div class=\"bibbase_group_body\">\n      \n  \n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"fox-implementationresearchwhyandhowtotranscendpositivistmethodologies-1990\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  Implementation research: Why and how to transcend positivist methodologies.\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Fox, C. J.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  In Palumbo, D.; Calista, D. J.;  and Organization, P. S., editor(s), <i>Implementation and the Policy Process</i>, pages 213–227. Bloomsbury Academic, United Kingdom, March 1990.\n  <span class=\"note\">Google-Books-ID: mRLDEAAAQBAJ</span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/fox-implementationresearchwhyandhowtotranscendpositivistmethodologies-1990\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('fox-implementationresearchwhyandhowtotranscendpositivistmethodologies-1990')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@incollection{palumbo_implementation_1990,\n\taddress = {United Kingdom},\n\ttitle = {Implementation research: {Why} and how to transcend positivist methodologies},\n\tisbn = {978-0-313-27283-7},\n\tabstract = {During the past two decades public policy analysis has focused on the role of implementation as a distinct phenomenon in the creation of policy output. More recently, implementation researchers have called for a major reevaluation of the process of policy formation itself. This book presents an overview of why implementation research has contributed to this major reconsideration and offers conceptual frameworks that employ implementation research to develop a fuller understanding of the entire policy process. It attempts to narrow the divide between the assumptions of the earlier and later implementation researchers. The contributors to this book aim at clarifying the relationship between implementation research and public policy analysis. They caution against the error of assuming that implementation is the main factor in policy making and that once implementation is taken care of, policies will be effective. They attempt to place implementation in the broader policy making process and show its relationship to the other parts of the policy cycle. Additionally, several of the contributors develop explanatory models that cut across the research dichotomies of the prevailing top-down and bottom-up approaches and establish an agenda for future research.The book is divided into three parts; within each the chapters are organized by questions that move from the more empirical to more methodological and theoretical concerns. The chapters in the first section deal with policy design issues and empirical aspects of implementation research. Those in part two present implementation&#x27;s special contribution to the policy field, discussing how policy implementation adapts to changing organizational, intergovernmental, and ideological circumstances. The generalizations made by the authors focus on the contribution implementation research makes to understanding the entire policy process. The final section includes chapters that capture and extend the observations of the other contributors. These essays also develop generalizations and suggest various lines of future research. The final chapter both summarizes implementation&#x27;s contributions and proposes an interpretive model that will forward future research. This comprehensive work can be used in courses on public policy and administration, and social welfare.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tbooktitle = {Implementation and the {Policy} {Process}},\n\tpublisher = {Bloomsbury Academic},\n\tauthor = {Fox, Charles J.},\n\teditor = {Palumbo, Dennis and Calista, Donald J. and Organization, Policy Studies},\n\tmonth = mar,\n\tyear = {1990},\n\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: mRLDEAAAQBAJ},\n\tkeywords = {Business \\&amp; Economics / General, Political Science / General, Political Science / Public Policy / General},\n\tpages = {213--227},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  During the past two decades public policy analysis has focused on the role of implementation as a distinct phenomenon in the creation of policy output. More recently, implementation researchers have called for a major reevaluation of the process of policy formation itself. This book presents an overview of why implementation research has contributed to this major reconsideration and offers conceptual frameworks that employ implementation research to develop a fuller understanding of the entire policy process. It attempts to narrow the divide between the assumptions of the earlier and later implementation researchers. The contributors to this book aim at clarifying the relationship between implementation research and public policy analysis. They caution against the error of assuming that implementation is the main factor in policy making and that once implementation is taken care of, policies will be effective. They attempt to place implementation in the broader policy making process and show its relationship to the other parts of the policy cycle. Additionally, several of the contributors develop explanatory models that cut across the research dichotomies of the prevailing top-down and bottom-up approaches and establish an agenda for future research.The book is divided into three parts; within each the chapters are organized by questions that move from the more empirical to more methodological and theoretical concerns. The chapters in the first section deal with policy design issues and empirical aspects of implementation research. Those in part two present implementation's special contribution to the policy field, discussing how policy implementation adapts to changing organizational, intergovernmental, and ideological circumstances. The generalizations made by the authors focus on the contribution implementation research makes to understanding the entire policy process. The final section includes chapters that capture and extend the observations of the other contributors. These essays also develop generalizations and suggest various lines of future research. The final chapter both summarizes implementation's contributions and proposes an interpretive model that will forward future research. This comprehensive work can be used in courses on public policy and administration, and social welfare.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"yanow-tacklingtheimplementationproblemepistemologicalissuesinimplementationresearch-1990\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  Tackling the implementation problem: Epistemological issues in implementation research.\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Yanow, D.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  In Palumbo, D.; Calista, D. J.;  and Organization, P. S., editor(s), <i>Implementation and the Policy Process: Opening Up the Black Box</i>, pages 213–227. Bloomsbury Academic, United Kingdom, March 1990.\n  <span class=\"note\">Google-Books-ID: mRLDEAAAQBAJ</span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/yanow-tacklingtheimplementationproblemepistemologicalissuesinimplementationresearch-1990\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('yanow-tacklingtheimplementationproblemepistemologicalissuesinimplementationresearch-1990')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@incollection{palumbo_tackling_1990,\n\taddress = {United Kingdom},\n\ttitle = {Tackling the implementation problem: {Epistemological} issues in implementation research},\n\tisbn = {978-0-313-27283-7},\n\tabstract = {During the past two decades public policy analysis has focused on the role of implementation as a distinct phenomenon in the creation of policy output. More recently, implementation researchers have called for a major reevaluation of the process of policy formation itself. This book presents an overview of why implementation research has contributed to this major reconsideration and offers conceptual frameworks that employ implementation research to develop a fuller understanding of the entire policy process. It attempts to narrow the divide between the assumptions of the earlier and later implementation researchers. The contributors to this book aim at clarifying the relationship between implementation research and public policy analysis. They caution against the error of assuming that implementation is the main factor in policy making and that once implementation is taken care of, policies will be effective. They attempt to place implementation in the broader policy making process and show its relationship to the other parts of the policy cycle. Additionally, several of the contributors develop explanatory models that cut across the research dichotomies of the prevailing top-down and bottom-up approaches and establish an agenda for future research.The book is divided into three parts; within each the chapters are organized by questions that move from the more empirical to more methodological and theoretical concerns. The chapters in the first section deal with policy design issues and empirical aspects of implementation research. Those in part two present implementation&#x27;s special contribution to the policy field, discussing how policy implementation adapts to changing organizational, intergovernmental, and ideological circumstances. The generalizations made by the authors focus on the contribution implementation research makes to understanding the entire policy process. The final section includes chapters that capture and extend the observations of the other contributors. These essays also develop generalizations and suggest various lines of future research. The final chapter both summarizes implementation&#x27;s contributions and proposes an interpretive model that will forward future research. This comprehensive work can be used in courses on public policy and administration, and social welfare.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tbooktitle = {Implementation and the {Policy} {Process}: {Opening} {Up} the {Black} {Box}},\n\tpublisher = {Bloomsbury Academic},\n\tauthor = {Yanow, Dvora},\n\teditor = {Palumbo, Dennis and Calista, Donald J. and Organization, Policy Studies},\n\tmonth = mar,\n\tyear = {1990},\n\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: mRLDEAAAQBAJ},\n\tkeywords = {Business \\&amp; Economics / General, Political Science / General, Political Science / Public Policy / General},\n\tpages = {213--227},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  During the past two decades public policy analysis has focused on the role of implementation as a distinct phenomenon in the creation of policy output. More recently, implementation researchers have called for a major reevaluation of the process of policy formation itself. This book presents an overview of why implementation research has contributed to this major reconsideration and offers conceptual frameworks that employ implementation research to develop a fuller understanding of the entire policy process. It attempts to narrow the divide between the assumptions of the earlier and later implementation researchers. The contributors to this book aim at clarifying the relationship between implementation research and public policy analysis. They caution against the error of assuming that implementation is the main factor in policy making and that once implementation is taken care of, policies will be effective. They attempt to place implementation in the broader policy making process and show its relationship to the other parts of the policy cycle. Additionally, several of the contributors develop explanatory models that cut across the research dichotomies of the prevailing top-down and bottom-up approaches and establish an agenda for future research.The book is divided into three parts; within each the chapters are organized by questions that move from the more empirical to more methodological and theoretical concerns. The chapters in the first section deal with policy design issues and empirical aspects of implementation research. Those in part two present implementation's special contribution to the policy field, discussing how policy implementation adapts to changing organizational, intergovernmental, and ideological circumstances. The generalizations made by the authors focus on the contribution implementation research makes to understanding the entire policy process. The final section includes chapters that capture and extend the observations of the other contributors. These essays also develop generalizations and suggest various lines of future research. The final chapter both summarizes implementation's contributions and proposes an interpretive model that will forward future research. This comprehensive work can be used in courses on public policy and administration, and social welfare.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"white-mcswain-thephoenixprojectraisinganewimageofpublicadministrationfromtheashesofthepast-1990\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1177/009539979002200101\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'white-mcswain-thephoenixprojectraisinganewimageofpublicadministrationfromtheashesofthepast-1990', 'https://doi.org/10.1177/009539979002200101', event);\">\n    The Phoenix Project: Raising a New Image of Public Administration from the Ashes of the Past.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  White, O. F.;  and McSwain, C. J.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  In Kass, H. D.;  and Catron, B. L., editor(s), <i>Images and identities in public administration</i>, volume 22, pages 3–38. SAGE, Newbury Park, CA, May 1990.\n  <span class=\"note\">Publisher: SAGE Publications Inc</span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1177/009539979002200101\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('white-mcswain-thephoenixprojectraisinganewimageofpublicadministrationfromtheashesofthepast-1990', 'https://doi.org/10.1177/009539979002200101', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"The Phoenix Project: Raising a New Image of Public Administration from the Ashes of the Past [link]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/white-mcswain-thephoenixprojectraisinganewimageofpublicadministrationfromtheashesofthepast-1990\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('white-mcswain-thephoenixprojectraisinganewimageofpublicadministrationfromtheashesofthepast-1990')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@incollection{white_phoenix_1990,\n\taddress = {Newbury Park, CA},\n\ttitle = {The {Phoenix} {Project}: {Raising} a {New} {Image} of {Public} {Administration} from the {Ashes} of the {Past}},\n\tvolume = {22},\n\tshorttitle = {The {Phoenix} {Project}},\n\turl = {https://doi.org/10.1177/009539979002200101},\n\tabstract = {Social theory seems to be moving toward what Charles Perrow has called the &quot;garbage can paradigm&quot; of deconstructionism, while at the social level, the trend seems to be toward a technicist social order of hyperrelativism. By building on the school of public administration which the article identifies as the traditionalist, the field can raise a renewed image of public administration that can serve as a protection against the potentially destructive consequences of technicism.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\turldate = {2024-08-13},\n\tbooktitle = {Images and identities in public administration},\n\tpublisher = {SAGE},\n\tauthor = {White, Orion F. and McSwain, Cynthia J.},\n\teditor = {Kass, Henry D. and Catron, Bayard L.},\n\tmonth = may,\n\tyear = {1990},\n\tnote = {Publisher: SAGE Publications Inc},\n\tpages = {3--38},\n}\n\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  Social theory seems to be moving toward what Charles Perrow has called the \"garbage can paradigm\" of deconstructionism, while at the social level, the trend seems to be toward a technicist social order of hyperrelativism. By building on the school of public administration which the article identifies as the traditionalist, the field can raise a renewed image of public administration that can serve as a protection against the potentially destructive consequences of technicism.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n\n\n\n    </div>\n  </div>\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_group_whole\" id=\"group_1988\">\n    <div class=\"bibbase_group\"\n      onclick=\"toggleGroup('group_1988')\"\n      onkeypress=\"toggleGroup('group_1988')\"\n      tabindex=\"0\">\n      <i class=\"fa fa-angle-down bibbase_group_head_icon\"></i>&nbsp;\n      <span>1988</span>\n      <span class=\"bibbase_group_count\">\n        \n        (5)\n        \n      </span>\n    </div>\n    <div class=\"bibbase_group_body\">\n      \n  \n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"stone-policyparadoxandpoliticalreason-1988\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  Policy Paradox and Political Reason.\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Stone, D. A.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  Little Brown, Boston,  1988.\n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/stone-policyparadoxandpoliticalreason-1988\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('stone-policyparadoxandpoliticalreason-1988')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@book{stone_policy_1988,\n\taddress = {Boston},\n\ttitle = {Policy {Paradox} and {Political} {Reason}},\n\tisbn = {978-0-673-39751-5},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tpublisher = {Little Brown},\n\tauthor = {Stone, Deborah A.},\n\tyear = {1988},\n\tkeywords = {Political Science / General},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"dehavensmith-philosophicalcritiquesofpolicyanalysislindblomhabermasandthegreatsociety-1988\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  Philosophical Critiques of Policy Analysis: Lindblom, Habermas, and the Great Society.\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  DeHaven-Smith, L.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  University of Florida Press, Gainesville,  1988.\n  <span class=\"note\">Google-Books-ID: 0B6PaffNlv8C</span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/dehavensmith-philosophicalcritiquesofpolicyanalysislindblomhabermasandthegreatsociety-1988\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('dehavensmith-philosophicalcritiquesofpolicyanalysislindblomhabermasandthegreatsociety-1988')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@book{dehaven-smith_philosophical_1988,\n\taddress = {Gainesville},\n\ttitle = {Philosophical {Critiques} of {Policy} {Analysis}: {Lindblom}, {Habermas}, and the {Great} {Society}},\n\tisbn = {978-0-8130-0907-0},\n\tshorttitle = {Philosophical {Critiques} of {Policy} {Analysis}},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tpublisher = {University of Florida Press},\n\tauthor = {DeHaven-Smith, Lance},\n\tyear = {1988},\n\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: 0B6PaffNlv8C},\n\tkeywords = {Business \\&amp; Economics / Development / Economic Development, Philosophy / General, Philosophy / Individual Philosophers, Political Science / Public Policy / General, Social Science / Poverty \\&amp; Homelessness},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"goodsell-thesocialmeaningofcivicspacestudyingpoliticalauthoritythrougharchitecture-1988\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  The Social Meaning of Civic Space: Studying Political Authority Through Architecture.\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Goodsell, C. T.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  University Press of Kansas,  1988.\n  <span class=\"note\">Google-Books-ID: FGOFAAAAMAAJ</span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/goodsell-thesocialmeaningofcivicspacestudyingpoliticalauthoritythrougharchitecture-1988\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('goodsell-thesocialmeaningofcivicspacestudyingpoliticalauthoritythrougharchitecture-1988')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@book{goodsell_social_1988,\n\ttitle = {The {Social} {Meaning} of {Civic} {Space}: {Studying} {Political} {Authority} {Through} {Architecture}},\n\tisbn = {978-0-7006-0347-3},\n\tshorttitle = {The {Social} {Meaning} of {Civic} {Space}},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tpublisher = {University Press of Kansas},\n\tauthor = {Goodsell, Charles T.},\n\tyear = {1988},\n\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: FGOFAAAAMAAJ},\n\tkeywords = {Architecture / Buildings / Public, Commercial \\&amp; Industrial, Architecture / General, Law / Land Use, Political Science / General},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"polkinghorne-narrativeknowingandthehumansciences-1988\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  Narrative Knowing and the Human Sciences.\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Polkinghorne, D.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  SUNY Press, Albany, NY, January 1988.\n  <span class=\"note\">Google-Books-ID: 7HXn29yaDeoC</span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/polkinghorne-narrativeknowingandthehumansciences-1988\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('polkinghorne-narrativeknowingandthehumansciences-1988')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@book{polkinghorne_narrative_1988,\n\taddress = {Albany, NY},\n\ttitle = {Narrative {Knowing} and the {Human} {Sciences}},\n\tisbn = {978-0-88706-622-1},\n\tabstract = {This book expands the concept of the nature of science and provides a practical research alternative for those who work with people and organizations.  Using literary criticism, philosophy, and history, as well as recent developments in the cognitive and social sciences, Narrative Knowing and the Human Sciences shows how to use research information organized by the narrative form--such information as clinical life histories, organizational case studies, biographic material, corporate cultural designs, and literary products. The relationship between the narrative format and classical and statistical and experimental designs is clarified and made explicit. Suggestions for doing research are given as well as criteria for judging the accuracy and quality of narrative research results.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tpublisher = {SUNY Press},\n\tauthor = {Polkinghorne, Donald},\n\tmonth = jan,\n\tyear = {1988},\n\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: 7HXn29yaDeoC},\n\tkeywords = {Language Arts \\&amp; Disciplines / Rhetoric},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  This book expands the concept of the nature of science and provides a practical research alternative for those who work with people and organizations. Using literary criticism, philosophy, and history, as well as recent developments in the cognitive and social sciences, Narrative Knowing and the Human Sciences shows how to use research information organized by the narrative form–such information as clinical life histories, organizational case studies, biographic material, corporate cultural designs, and literary products. The relationship between the narrative format and classical and statistical and experimental designs is clarified and made explicit. Suggestions for doing research are given as well as criteria for judging the accuracy and quality of narrative research results.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"rabinow-sullivan-interpretivesocialscienceasecondlook-1988\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"https://www.ucpress.edu/book/9780520058385/interpretive-social-science\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'rabinow-sullivan-interpretivesocialscienceasecondlook-1988', 'https://www.ucpress.edu/book/9780520058385/interpretive-social-science', event);\">\n    Interpretive Social Science: A Second Look.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Rabinow, P.;  and Sullivan, W. M.,\n  editors.\n  \n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  University of California Press, Berkley, May 1988.\n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"https://www.ucpress.edu/book/9780520058385/interpretive-social-science\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('rabinow-sullivan-interpretivesocialscienceasecondlook-1988', 'https://www.ucpress.edu/book/9780520058385/interpretive-social-science', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"Interpretive Social Science: A Second Look [link]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/rabinow-sullivan-interpretivesocialscienceasecondlook-1988\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('rabinow-sullivan-interpretivesocialscienceasecondlook-1988')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@book{rabinow_interpretive_1988,\n\taddress = {Berkley},\n\ttitle = {Interpretive {Social} {Science}: {A} {Second} {Look}},\n\tcopyright = {Available worldwide},\n\tisbn = {978-0-520-05838-5},\n\tshorttitle = {Interpretive {Social} {Science}},\n\turl = {https://www.ucpress.edu/book/9780520058385/interpretive-social-science},\n\tabstract = {This is a new edition of the well-received Interpretive Social Science (California, 1979), in which Paul Rabinow and William M. Sullivan predicted the increasing use of an interpretive approach in the social sciences, one that would replace a model based on the natural sciences. In this volume, Rabinow and Sullivan provide a synthetic discussion of the new scholarship in this area and offer twelve essays, eight of them new, embodying the very best work on interpretive approaches to the study of human society.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\turldate = {2024-08-13},\n\tpublisher = {University of California Press},\n\teditor = {Rabinow, Paul and Sullivan, William M.},\n\tmonth = may,\n\tyear = {1988},\n}\n\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  This is a new edition of the well-received Interpretive Social Science (California, 1979), in which Paul Rabinow and William M. Sullivan predicted the increasing use of an interpretive approach in the social sciences, one that would replace a model based on the natural sciences. In this volume, Rabinow and Sullivan provide a synthetic discussion of the new scholarship in this area and offer twelve essays, eight of them new, embodying the very best work on interpretive approaches to the study of human society.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n\n\n\n    </div>\n  </div>\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_group_whole\" id=\"group_1987\">\n    <div class=\"bibbase_group\"\n      onclick=\"toggleGroup('group_1987')\"\n      onkeypress=\"toggleGroup('group_1987')\"\n      tabindex=\"0\">\n      <i class=\"fa fa-angle-down bibbase_group_head_icon\"></i>&nbsp;\n      <span>1987</span>\n      <span class=\"bibbase_group_count\">\n        \n        (9)\n        \n      </span>\n    </div>\n    <div class=\"bibbase_group_body\">\n      \n  \n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"jennings-interpretationandthepracticeofpolicyanalysis-1987\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  Interpretation and the practice of policy analysis.\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Jennings, B.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  In Fischer, F.;  and Forester, J., editor(s), <i>Confronting Values in Policy Analysis: The Politics of Criteria</i>, pages 128–52. SAGE Publications, United Kingdom, June 1987.\n  <span class=\"note\">Google-Books-ID: 6IowAAAAMAAJ</span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/jennings-interpretationandthepracticeofpolicyanalysis-1987\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('jennings-interpretationandthepracticeofpolicyanalysis-1987')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@incollection{fischer_interpretation_1987,\n\taddress = {United Kingdom},\n\ttitle = {Interpretation and the practice of policy analysis},\n\tisbn = {978-0-8039-2616-5},\n\tabstract = {Confronting Values in Policy Analysis questions the pursuit of &#x60;value neutrality&#x27; in policy analysis, and argues for the integration of empirical and normative methods of analysis. The contributors analyse the emerging ethical issues, the practice of policy analysis, theoretical and methodological issues involved in the normative work of policy analysts, and the central questions of ethical responsibility.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tbooktitle = {Confronting {Values} in {Policy} {Analysis}: {The} {Politics} of {Criteria}},\n\tpublisher = {SAGE Publications},\n\tauthor = {Jennings, Bruce},\n\teditor = {Fischer, Frank and Forester, John},\n\tmonth = jun,\n\tyear = {1987},\n\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: 6IowAAAAMAAJ},\n\tkeywords = {Social Science / Research},\n\tpages = {128--52},\n}\n\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  Confronting Values in Policy Analysis questions the pursuit of `value neutrality' in policy analysis, and argues for the integration of empirical and normative methods of analysis. The contributors analyse the emerging ethical issues, the practice of policy analysis, theoretical and methodological issues involved in the normative work of policy analysts, and the central questions of ethical responsibility.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"ascher-editorialpolicysciencesandtheeconomicapproachinapostpositivistera-1987\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00137046\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'ascher-editorialpolicysciencesandtheeconomicapproachinapostpositivistera-1987', 'https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00137046', event);\">\n    Editorial: Policy sciences and the economic approach in a ‘post-positivist’ era.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Ascher, W.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  <i>Policy Sciences</i>, 20(1): 3–9. April 1987.\n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00137046\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('ascher-editorialpolicysciencesandtheeconomicapproachinapostpositivistera-1987', 'https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00137046', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"Editorial: Policy sciences and the economic approach in a ‘post-positivist’ era [link]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.org/10.1007/BF00137046\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('ascher-editorialpolicysciencesandtheeconomicapproachinapostpositivistera-1987', 'http://doi.org/10.1007/BF00137046', event.ctrlKey)\"\n     class=\"bibbase doi link\">\n    <span>doi</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/ascher-editorialpolicysciencesandtheeconomicapproachinapostpositivistera-1987\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('ascher-editorialpolicysciencesandtheeconomicapproachinapostpositivistera-1987')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@article{ascher_editorial_1987,\n\ttitle = {Editorial: {Policy} sciences and the economic approach in a ‘post-positivist’ era},\n\tvolume = {20},\n\tissn = {1573-0891},\n\tshorttitle = {Editorial},\n\turl = {https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00137046},\n\tdoi = {10.1007/BF00137046},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {1},\n\turldate = {2024-08-13},\n\tjournal = {Policy Sciences},\n\tauthor = {Ascher, William},\n\tmonth = apr,\n\tyear = {1987},\n\tpages = {3--9},\n}\n\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"brunner-keypoliticalsymbolsthedissociationprocess-1987\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00137049\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'brunner-keypoliticalsymbolsthedissociationprocess-1987', 'https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00137049', event);\">\n    Key political symbols: The dissociation process.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Brunner, R. D.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  <i>Policy Sciences</i>, 20(1): 53–76. April 1987.\n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00137049\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('brunner-keypoliticalsymbolsthedissociationprocess-1987', 'https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00137049', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"Key political symbols: The dissociation process [link]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.org/10.1007/BF00137049\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('brunner-keypoliticalsymbolsthedissociationprocess-1987', 'http://doi.org/10.1007/BF00137049', event.ctrlKey)\"\n     class=\"bibbase doi link\">\n    <span>doi</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/brunner-keypoliticalsymbolsthedissociationprocess-1987\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('brunner-keypoliticalsymbolsthedissociationprocess-1987')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@article{brunner_key_1987,\n\ttitle = {Key political symbols: {The} dissociation process},\n\tvolume = {20},\n\tissn = {1573-0891},\n\tshorttitle = {Key political symbols},\n\turl = {https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00137049},\n\tdoi = {10.1007/BF00137049},\n\tabstract = {Key political symbols are an important but neglected topic in the policy sciences. As instruments of policy, they are used to fashion consensus and misused for purposes of exploitation. Scientific inquiry into the possibilities for maximizing consent and minimizing exploitation has been frustrated for lack of systematic, empirical methods - despite a rich theoretical tradition that has been available for decades. This article introduces suitable methods and reintroduces available theory through a case study of a key symbol, ‘Watergate.’ Originally a reference to a building in Washington, D.C., it became a reference to a complex of unresolved involving integrity in government. The process of dissociation from its original meaning provides cues that policy scientists might use to anticipate the course of issue expansion and simplification in connection with other policy issues, including the Iran-Contra arms affair.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {1},\n\turldate = {2024-08-13},\n\tjournal = {Policy Sciences},\n\tauthor = {Brunner, Ronald D.},\n\tmonth = apr,\n\tyear = {1987},\n\tkeywords = {Attorney General, Dichotomous Choice, Intermediate Sense, Presidential Election, York Time},\n\tpages = {53--76},\n}\n\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  Key political symbols are an important but neglected topic in the policy sciences. As instruments of policy, they are used to fashion consensus and misused for purposes of exploitation. Scientific inquiry into the possibilities for maximizing consent and minimizing exploitation has been frustrated for lack of systematic, empirical methods - despite a rich theoretical tradition that has been available for decades. This article introduces suitable methods and reintroduces available theory through a case study of a key symbol, ‘Watergate.’ Originally a reference to a building in Washington, D.C., it became a reference to a complex of unresolved involving integrity in government. The process of dissociation from its original meaning provides cues that policy scientists might use to anticipate the course of issue expansion and simplification in connection with other policy issues, including the Iran-Contra arms affair.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"maynardmoody-stull-thesymbolicsideofpolicyanalysis-1987\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  The symbolic side of policy analysis.\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Maynard-Moody, S.;  and Stull, D.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  In Fischer, F.;  and Forester, J., editor(s), <i>Confronting Values in Policy Analysis: The Politics of Criteria</i>, pages Ch 11. SAGE Publications, United Kingdom, June 1987.\n  <span class=\"note\">Google-Books-ID: 6IowAAAAMAAJ</span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/maynardmoody-stull-thesymbolicsideofpolicyanalysis-1987\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('maynardmoody-stull-thesymbolicsideofpolicyanalysis-1987')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@incollection{fischer_symbolic_1987,\n\taddress = {United Kingdom},\n\ttitle = {The symbolic side of policy analysis},\n\tisbn = {978-0-8039-2616-5},\n\tabstract = {Confronting Values in Policy Analysis questions the pursuit of &#x60;value neutrality&#x27; in policy analysis, and argues for the integration of empirical and normative methods of analysis. The contributors analyse the emerging ethical issues, the practice of policy analysis, theoretical and methodological issues involved in the normative work of policy analysts, and the central questions of ethical responsibility.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tbooktitle = {Confronting {Values} in {Policy} {Analysis}: {The} {Politics} of {Criteria}},\n\tpublisher = {SAGE Publications},\n\tauthor = {Maynard-Moody, Steven and Stull, Donald},\n\teditor = {Fischer, Frank and Forester, John},\n\tmonth = jun,\n\tyear = {1987},\n\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: 6IowAAAAMAAJ},\n\tkeywords = {Social Science / Research},\n\tpages = {Ch 11},\n}\n\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  Confronting Values in Policy Analysis questions the pursuit of `value neutrality' in policy analysis, and argues for the integration of empirical and normative methods of analysis. The contributors analyse the emerging ethical issues, the practice of policy analysis, theoretical and methodological issues involved in the normative work of policy analysts, and the central questions of ethical responsibility.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"kelly-thepoliticsofmeaningandpolicyinquiry-1987\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  The politics of meaning and policy inquiry.\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Kelly, R. M.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  In Palumbo, D. J., editor(s), <i>The Politics of Program Evaluation</i>, pages Ch 10. SAGE Publications, Newbury Park, CA,  1987.\n  <span class=\"note\">Google-Books-ID: 3FWQAAAAIAAJ</span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/kelly-thepoliticsofmeaningandpolicyinquiry-1987\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('kelly-thepoliticsofmeaningandpolicyinquiry-1987')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@incollection{palumbo_politics_1987,\n\taddress = {Newbury Park, CA},\n\ttitle = {The politics of meaning and policy inquiry},\n\tisbn = {978-0-8039-2736-0},\n\tabstract = {Evaluation and politics are related in a number of ways. While programme evaluators have traditionally tried to be neutral, objective and scientific in their assessment of programmes, the results of evaluation are inherently political -- and are used by politicians, programme administrators, special interest groups and other stakeholders for political purposes. The contributors argue that since evaluation cannot be divorced from its political context, the political dimension must be understood in order to conduct effective evaluations.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tbooktitle = {The {Politics} of {Program} {Evaluation}},\n\tpublisher = {SAGE Publications},\n\tauthor = {Kelly, Rita Mae},\n\teditor = {Palumbo, Dennis J.},\n\tyear = {1987},\n\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: 3FWQAAAAIAAJ},\n\tkeywords = {Social Science / Research},\n\tpages = {Ch 10},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  Evaluation and politics are related in a number of ways. While programme evaluators have traditionally tried to be neutral, objective and scientific in their assessment of programmes, the results of evaluation are inherently political – and are used by politicians, programme administrators, special interest groups and other stakeholders for political purposes. The contributors argue that since evaluation cannot be divorced from its political context, the political dimension must be understood in order to conduct effective evaluations.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"yanow-towardapolicycultureapproachtoimplementation-1987\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1541-1338.1987.tb00031.x\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'yanow-towardapolicycultureapproachtoimplementation-1987', 'https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1541-1338.1987.tb00031.x', event);\">\n    Toward a Policy Culture Approach to Implementation.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Yanow, D.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  <i>Review of Policy Research</i>, 7(1): 103–115.  1987.\n  <span class=\"note\">_eprint: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/j.1541-1338.1987.tb00031.x</span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1541-1338.1987.tb00031.x\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('yanow-towardapolicycultureapproachtoimplementation-1987', 'https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1541-1338.1987.tb00031.x', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"Toward a Policy Culture Approach to Implementation [link]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.org/10.1111/j.1541-1338.1987.tb00031.x\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('yanow-towardapolicycultureapproachtoimplementation-1987', 'http://doi.org/10.1111/j.1541-1338.1987.tb00031.x', event.ctrlKey)\"\n     class=\"bibbase doi link\">\n    <span>doi</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/yanow-towardapolicycultureapproachtoimplementation-1987\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('yanow-towardapolicycultureapproachtoimplementation-1987')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@article{yanow_toward_1987,\n\ttitle = {Toward a {Policy} {Culture} {Approach} to {Implementation}},\n\tvolume = {7},\n\tissn = {1541-1338},\n\turl = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1541-1338.1987.tb00031.x},\n\tdoi = {10.1111/j.1541-1338.1987.tb00031.x},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {1},\n\turldate = {2024-08-13},\n\tjournal = {Review of Policy Research},\n\tauthor = {Yanow, Dvora},\n\tyear = {1987},\n\tnote = {\\_eprint: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/j.1541-1338.1987.tb00031.x},\n\tpages = {103--115},\n}\n\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"dery-knowingthepoliticalway-1987\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1541-1338.1987.tb00025.x\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'dery-knowingthepoliticalway-1987', 'https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1541-1338.1987.tb00025.x', event);\">\n    Knowing: the political way.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Dery, D.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  <i>Review of Policy Research</i>, 7(1): 13–25. September 1987.\n  <span class=\"note\">Publisher: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd</span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1541-1338.1987.tb00025.x\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('dery-knowingthepoliticalway-1987', 'https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1541-1338.1987.tb00025.x', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"Knowing: the political way [link]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.org/10.1111/j.1541-1338.1987.tb00025.x\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('dery-knowingthepoliticalway-1987', 'http://doi.org/10.1111/j.1541-1338.1987.tb00025.x', event.ctrlKey)\"\n     class=\"bibbase doi link\">\n    <span>doi</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/dery-knowingthepoliticalway-1987\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('dery-knowingthepoliticalway-1987')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@article{dery_knowing_1987,\n\ttitle = {Knowing: the political way},\n\tvolume = {7},\n\tissn = {1541-132X},\n\tshorttitle = {Knowing},\n\turl = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1541-1338.1987.tb00025.x},\n\tdoi = {10.1111/j.1541-1338.1987.tb00025.x},\n\tnumber = {1},\n\turldate = {2024-08-13},\n\tjournal = {Review of Policy Research},\n\tauthor = {Dery, David},\n\tmonth = sep,\n\tyear = {1987},\n\tnote = {Publisher: John Wiley \\&amp; Sons, Ltd},\n\tpages = {13--25},\n}\n\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"fischer-forester-confrontingvaluesinpolicyanalysisthepoliticsofcriteria-1987\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  Confronting Values in Policy Analysis: The Politics of Criteria.\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Fischer, F.;  and Forester, J.,\n  editors.\n  \n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  SAGE Publications, United Kingdom, June 1987.\n  <span class=\"note\">Google-Books-ID: 6IowAAAAMAAJ</span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/fischer-forester-confrontingvaluesinpolicyanalysisthepoliticsofcriteria-1987\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('fischer-forester-confrontingvaluesinpolicyanalysisthepoliticsofcriteria-1987')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@book{fischer_confronting_1987,\n\taddress = {United Kingdom},\n\ttitle = {Confronting {Values} in {Policy} {Analysis}: {The} {Politics} of {Criteria}},\n\tisbn = {978-0-8039-2616-5},\n\tshorttitle = {Confronting {Values} in {Policy} {Analysis}},\n\tabstract = {Confronting Values in Policy Analysis questions the pursuit of &#x60;value neutrality&#x27; in policy analysis, and argues for the integration of empirical and normative methods of analysis. The contributors analyse the emerging ethical issues, the practice of policy analysis, theoretical and methodological issues involved in the normative work of policy analysts, and the central questions of ethical responsibility.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tpublisher = {SAGE Publications},\n\teditor = {Fischer, Frank and Forester, John},\n\tmonth = jun,\n\tyear = {1987},\n\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: 6IowAAAAMAAJ},\n\tkeywords = {Social Science / Research},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  Confronting Values in Policy Analysis questions the pursuit of `value neutrality' in policy analysis, and argues for the integration of empirical and normative methods of analysis. The contributors analyse the emerging ethical issues, the practice of policy analysis, theoretical and methodological issues involved in the normative work of policy analysts, and the central questions of ethical responsibility.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"fischer-criticalevaluationofpublicpolicy-1987\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  Critical evaluation of public policy.\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Fischer, F.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  In Forester, J., editor(s), <i>Critical Theory and Public Life</i>, pages 231–57. MIT Press, Cambridge, MA,  1987.\n  <span class=\"note\">Google-Books-ID: SSwFrp9fm1cC</span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/fischer-criticalevaluationofpublicpolicy-1987\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('fischer-criticalevaluationofpublicpolicy-1987')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@incollection{forester_critical_1987,\n\taddress = {Cambridge, MA},\n\ttitle = {Critical evaluation of public policy},\n\tisbn = {978-0-262-56042-9},\n\tabstract = {Jorgen Habermas&#x27;s critical communications theory of society has excited widespread interest in recent years. The essays in this book explore the research implications of Habermas&#x27;s theory for the analysis of modern problems of public life. Spanning the spectrum of the social sciences, the essays relate critical theory to industrial policy under advanced capitalism, education, the mass media and consumerism, public participation in planning, policy analysis, and critical historical studies.John Forester is Associate Professor of City and Regional Planning at Cornell University. Critical Theory and Public Life is included in the series Studies in Contemporary German Social Thought, edited by Thomas McCarthy.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tbooktitle = {Critical {Theory} and {Public} {Life}},\n\tpublisher = {MIT Press},\n\tauthor = {Fischer, Frank},\n\teditor = {Forester, John},\n\tyear = {1987},\n\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: SSwFrp9fm1cC},\n\tkeywords = {Philosophy / General, Philosophy / History \\&amp; Surveys / Modern, Social Science / General},\n\tpages = {231--57},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  Jorgen Habermas's critical communications theory of society has excited widespread interest in recent years. The essays in this book explore the research implications of Habermas's theory for the analysis of modern problems of public life. Spanning the spectrum of the social sciences, the essays relate critical theory to industrial policy under advanced capitalism, education, the mass media and consumerism, public participation in planning, policy analysis, and critical historical studies.John Forester is Associate Professor of City and Regional Planning at Cornell University. Critical Theory and Public Life is included in the series Studies in Contemporary German Social Thought, edited by Thomas McCarthy.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n\n\n\n    </div>\n  </div>\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_group_whole\" id=\"group_1986\">\n    <div class=\"bibbase_group\"\n      onclick=\"toggleGroup('group_1986')\"\n      onkeypress=\"toggleGroup('group_1986')\"\n      tabindex=\"0\">\n      <i class=\"fa fa-angle-down bibbase_group_head_icon\"></i>&nbsp;\n      <span>1986</span>\n      <span class=\"bibbase_group_count\">\n        \n        (4)\n        \n      </span>\n    </div>\n    <div class=\"bibbase_group_body\">\n      \n  \n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"torgerson-betweenknowledgeandpoliticsthreefacesofpolicyanalysis-1986\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02124483\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'torgerson-betweenknowledgeandpoliticsthreefacesofpolicyanalysis-1986', 'https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02124483', event);\">\n    Between knowledge and politics: Three faces of policy analysis.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Torgerson, D.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  <i>Policy Sciences</i>, 19(1): 33–59. March 1986.\n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02124483\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('torgerson-betweenknowledgeandpoliticsthreefacesofpolicyanalysis-1986', 'https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02124483', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"Between knowledge and politics: Three faces of policy analysis [link]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.org/10.1007/BF02124483\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('torgerson-betweenknowledgeandpoliticsthreefacesofpolicyanalysis-1986', 'http://doi.org/10.1007/BF02124483', event.ctrlKey)\"\n     class=\"bibbase doi link\">\n    <span>doi</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/torgerson-betweenknowledgeandpoliticsthreefacesofpolicyanalysis-1986\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('torgerson-betweenknowledgeandpoliticsthreefacesofpolicyanalysis-1986')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@article{torgerson_between_1986,\n\ttitle = {Between knowledge and politics: {Three} faces of policy analysis},\n\tvolume = {19},\n\tissn = {1573-0891},\n\tshorttitle = {Between knowledge and politics},\n\turl = {https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02124483},\n\tdoi = {10.1007/BF02124483},\n\tabstract = {Various conceptual schemes have been employed to make sense of the diverse policy literature. Attempting to understand policy analysis in terms of its political and historical significance, this essay points to three distinct “faces,” distinguished with regard to differing relationships between knowledge and politcs: one where knowledge purports to replace politics, one where politics masquerades as knowledge, and one where knowledge and politics attain a measure of reconciliation. Historically, these three faces may be viewed, to an extent, as periods in the development of policy analysis: from positivism, to its critique, to present post-positivist efforts.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {1},\n\turldate = {2024-08-13},\n\tjournal = {Policy Sciences},\n\tauthor = {Torgerson, Douglas},\n\tmonth = mar,\n\tyear = {1986},\n\tkeywords = {Conceptual Scheme, Economic Policy, Historical Significance, Policy Analysis, Policy Literature},\n\tpages = {33--59},\n}\n\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  Various conceptual schemes have been employed to make sense of the diverse policy literature. Attempting to understand policy analysis in terms of its political and historical significance, this essay points to three distinct “faces,” distinguished with regard to differing relationships between knowledge and politcs: one where knowledge purports to replace politics, one where politics masquerades as knowledge, and one where knowledge and politics attain a measure of reconciliation. Historically, these three faces may be viewed, to an extent, as periods in the development of policy analysis: from positivism, to its critique, to present post-positivist efforts.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"torgerson-interpretivepolicyinquiryaresponsetoitslimitations-1986\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00139523\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'torgerson-interpretivepolicyinquiryaresponsetoitslimitations-1986', 'https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00139523', event);\">\n    Interpretive policy inquiry: A response to its limitations.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Torgerson, D.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  <i>Policy Sciences</i>, 19(4): 397–405. December 1986.\n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00139523\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('torgerson-interpretivepolicyinquiryaresponsetoitslimitations-1986', 'https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00139523', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"Interpretive policy inquiry: A response to its limitations [link]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.org/10.1007/BF00139523\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('torgerson-interpretivepolicyinquiryaresponsetoitslimitations-1986', 'http://doi.org/10.1007/BF00139523', event.ctrlKey)\"\n     class=\"bibbase doi link\">\n    <span>doi</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/torgerson-interpretivepolicyinquiryaresponsetoitslimitations-1986\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('torgerson-interpretivepolicyinquiryaresponsetoitslimitations-1986')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@article{torgerson_interpretive_1986,\n\ttitle = {Interpretive policy inquiry: {A} response to its limitations},\n\tvolume = {19},\n\tissn = {1573-0891},\n\tshorttitle = {Interpretive policy inquiry},\n\turl = {https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00139523},\n\tdoi = {10.1007/BF00139523},\n\tabstract = {With positivist and technocratic notions still prevalent, Paul Healy&#x27;s (1986) insightful effort to advance “interpretive policy inquiry” both underscores the limitations of conventional analysis and helps us to grasp the policy process in human terms. Yet the article falls short of a systematic presentation of the interpretive position and, in doing so, reveals the limitations of that approach: the need for an explicitly critical posture becomes clear. This point is made with particular attention to a pre-positivist figure, Machiavelli.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {4},\n\turldate = {2024-08-13},\n\tjournal = {Policy Sciences},\n\tauthor = {Torgerson, Douglas},\n\tmonth = dec,\n\tyear = {1986},\n\tkeywords = {Critical Posture, Economic Policy, Policy Inquiry, Policy Process, Systematic Presentation},\n\tpages = {397--405},\n}\n\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  With positivist and technocratic notions still prevalent, Paul Healy's (1986) insightful effort to advance “interpretive policy inquiry” both underscores the limitations of conventional analysis and helps us to grasp the policy process in human terms. Yet the article falls short of a systematic presentation of the interpretive position and, in doing so, reveals the limitations of that approach: the need for an explicitly critical posture becomes clear. This point is made with particular attention to a pre-positivist figure, Machiavelli.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"healy-interpretivepolicyinquiryaresponsetothelimitationsofthereceivedview-1986\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00139522\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'healy-interpretivepolicyinquiryaresponsetothelimitationsofthereceivedview-1986', 'https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00139522', event);\">\n    Interpretive policy inquiry: A response to the limitations of the received view.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Healy, P.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  <i>Policy Sciences</i>, 19(4): 381–396. December 1986.\n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00139522\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('healy-interpretivepolicyinquiryaresponsetothelimitationsofthereceivedview-1986', 'https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00139522', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"Interpretive policy inquiry: A response to the limitations of the received view [link]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.org/10.1007/BF00139522\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('healy-interpretivepolicyinquiryaresponsetothelimitationsofthereceivedview-1986', 'http://doi.org/10.1007/BF00139522', event.ctrlKey)\"\n     class=\"bibbase doi link\">\n    <span>doi</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/healy-interpretivepolicyinquiryaresponsetothelimitationsofthereceivedview-1986\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('healy-interpretivepolicyinquiryaresponsetothelimitationsofthereceivedview-1986')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@article{healy_interpretive_1986,\n\ttitle = {Interpretive policy inquiry: {A} response to the limitations of the received view},\n\tvolume = {19},\n\tissn = {1573-0891},\n\tshorttitle = {Interpretive policy inquiry},\n\turl = {https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00139522},\n\tdoi = {10.1007/BF00139522},\n\tabstract = {This paper seeks to contribute to the growing body of literature on interpretive policy inquiry. As such, its specific focus is the presentation of the interpretive approach as a corrective for the shortcomings inherent in the standard view. Following an outline of the problems facing the received view, a systematic, philosophically grounded, statement of the interpretive position is developed. Thereafter, the tangible positive consequences for policy making of this approach are further discussed. The paper concludes with some reflections on the relationship between the positivistic and interpretive paradigms.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {4},\n\turldate = {2024-08-13},\n\tjournal = {Policy Sciences},\n\tauthor = {Healy, Paul},\n\tmonth = dec,\n\tyear = {1986},\n\tkeywords = {Economic Policy, Policy Inquiry, Policy Making, Specific Focus, Standard View},\n\tpages = {381--396},\n}\n\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  This paper seeks to contribute to the growing body of literature on interpretive policy inquiry. As such, its specific focus is the presentation of the interpretive approach as a corrective for the shortcomings inherent in the standard view. Following an outline of the problems facing the received view, a systematic, philosophically grounded, statement of the interpretive position is developed. Thereafter, the tangible positive consequences for policy making of this approach are further discussed. The paper concludes with some reflections on the relationship between the positivistic and interpretive paradigms.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"kaplan-thenarrativestructureofpolicyanalysis-1986\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"https://www.jstor.org/stable/3324882\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'kaplan-thenarrativestructureofpolicyanalysis-1986', 'https://www.jstor.org/stable/3324882', event);\">\n    The Narrative Structure of Policy Analysis.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Kaplan, T. J.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  <i>Journal of Policy Analysis and Management</i>, 5(4): 761–778.  1986.\n  <span class=\"note\">Publisher: [Wiley, Association for Public Policy Analysis and Management]</span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"https://www.jstor.org/stable/3324882\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('kaplan-thenarrativestructureofpolicyanalysis-1986', 'https://www.jstor.org/stable/3324882', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"The Narrative Structure of Policy Analysis [link]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.org/10.2307/3324882\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('kaplan-thenarrativestructureofpolicyanalysis-1986', 'http://doi.org/10.2307/3324882', event.ctrlKey)\"\n     class=\"bibbase doi link\">\n    <span>doi</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/kaplan-thenarrativestructureofpolicyanalysis-1986\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('kaplan-thenarrativestructureofpolicyanalysis-1986')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@article{kaplan_narrative_1986,\n\ttitle = {The {Narrative} {Structure} of {Policy} {Analysis}},\n\tvolume = {5},\n\tissn = {0276-8739},\n\turl = {https://www.jstor.org/stable/3324882},\n\tdoi = {10.2307/3324882},\n\tabstract = {This paper holds that the prior development of clear external criteria or principles is not always a useful avenue to the resolution of policy dilemmas, and that external criteria are sometimes as likely to emerge from proposed resolutions to policy issues as they are to govern those resolutions. In the absence of external criteria, stories meeting certain characteristics (truth, richness, consistency, congruency, and unity) can integrate necessary considerations, explain the development of current dilemmas, and point the way to resolutions. Not all policy analyses need to be in the narrative form--some analyses appropriately make tenseless arguments for particular principles. However, these principles invariably allow for many possible actions, and only a narrative can explain which particular course of action is desirable and why.},\n\tnumber = {4},\n\turldate = {2024-08-13},\n\tjournal = {Journal of Policy Analysis and Management},\n\tauthor = {Kaplan, Thomas J.},\n\tyear = {1986},\n\tnote = {Publisher: [Wiley, Association for Public Policy Analysis and Management]},\n\tpages = {761--778},\n}\n\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  This paper holds that the prior development of clear external criteria or principles is not always a useful avenue to the resolution of policy dilemmas, and that external criteria are sometimes as likely to emerge from proposed resolutions to policy issues as they are to govern those resolutions. In the absence of external criteria, stories meeting certain characteristics (truth, richness, consistency, congruency, and unity) can integrate necessary considerations, explain the development of current dilemmas, and point the way to resolutions. Not all policy analyses need to be in the narrative form–some analyses appropriately make tenseless arguments for particular principles. However, these principles invariably allow for many possible actions, and only a narrative can explain which particular course of action is desirable and why.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n\n\n\n    </div>\n  </div>\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_group_whole\" id=\"group_1985\">\n    <div class=\"bibbase_group\"\n      onclick=\"toggleGroup('group_1985')\"\n      onkeypress=\"toggleGroup('group_1985')\"\n      tabindex=\"0\">\n      <i class=\"fa fa-angle-down bibbase_group_head_icon\"></i>&nbsp;\n      <span>1985</span>\n      <span class=\"bibbase_group_count\">\n        \n        (3)\n        \n      </span>\n    </div>\n    <div class=\"bibbase_group_body\">\n      \n  \n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"miller-socialpolicyanexerciseinmetaphor-1985\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1177/0164025985007002006\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'miller-socialpolicyanexerciseinmetaphor-1985', 'https://doi.org/10.1177/0164025985007002006', event);\">\n    Social Policy: An Exercise in Metaphor.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Miller, D. F.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  <i>Knowledge</i>, 7(2): 191–215. December 1985.\n  <span class=\"note\">Publisher: SAGE Publications</span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1177/0164025985007002006\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('miller-socialpolicyanexerciseinmetaphor-1985', 'https://doi.org/10.1177/0164025985007002006', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"Social Policy: An Exercise in Metaphor [link]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.org/10.1177/0164025985007002006\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('miller-socialpolicyanexerciseinmetaphor-1985', 'http://doi.org/10.1177/0164025985007002006', event.ctrlKey)\"\n     class=\"bibbase doi link\">\n    <span>doi</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/miller-socialpolicyanexerciseinmetaphor-1985\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('miller-socialpolicyanexerciseinmetaphor-1985')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@article{miller_social_1985,\n\ttitle = {Social {Policy}: {An} {Exercise} in {Metaphor}},\n\tvolume = {7},\n\tissn = {0164-0259},\n\tshorttitle = {Social {Policy}},\n\turl = {https://doi.org/10.1177/0164025985007002006},\n\tdoi = {10.1177/0164025985007002006},\n\tabstract = {These day it is becoming common to emphasize the significant role metaphor plays in the human sciences. Donald Schön, for example, has recently highlighted its importance in social policy. However, this article argues a more radical interpretation of metaphor&#x27;s ubiquitous presence in social policy (and, implicitly, in all forms of knowledge and practice). In doing this, it notes certain symptomatic shortcomings in Schön&#x27;s treatment: His restricted notion of metaphor makes him unnecessarily cautious and ambivalent in certain regards, and unwarrantedly optimistic, indeed innocent, in others. Metaphor must not be considered intuitive and insightful verbal imagery in contrast to a judicious rationality of “critical inquiry.”},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {2},\n\turldate = {2024-08-13},\n\tjournal = {Knowledge},\n\tauthor = {Miller, Donald F.},\n\tmonth = dec,\n\tyear = {1985},\n\tnote = {Publisher: SAGE Publications},\n\tpages = {191--215},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  These day it is becoming common to emphasize the significant role metaphor plays in the human sciences. Donald Schön, for example, has recently highlighted its importance in social policy. However, this article argues a more radical interpretation of metaphor's ubiquitous presence in social policy (and, implicitly, in all forms of knowledge and practice). In doing this, it notes certain symptomatic shortcomings in Schön's treatment: His restricted notion of metaphor makes him unnecessarily cautious and ambivalent in certain regards, and unwarrantedly optimistic, indeed innocent, in others. Metaphor must not be considered intuitive and insightful verbal imagery in contrast to a judicious rationality of “critical inquiry.”\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"torgerson-contextualorientationinpolicyanalysisthecontributionofharolddlasswell-1985\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00138911\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'torgerson-contextualorientationinpolicyanalysisthecontributionofharolddlasswell-1985', 'https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00138911', event);\">\n    Contextual orientation in policy analysis: The contribution of Harold D. Lasswell.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Torgerson, D.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  <i>Policy Sciences</i>, 18(3): 241–261. November 1985.\n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00138911\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('torgerson-contextualorientationinpolicyanalysisthecontributionofharolddlasswell-1985', 'https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00138911', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"Contextual orientation in policy analysis: The contribution of Harold D. Lasswell [link]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.org/10.1007/BF00138911\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('torgerson-contextualorientationinpolicyanalysisthecontributionofharolddlasswell-1985', 'http://doi.org/10.1007/BF00138911', event.ctrlKey)\"\n     class=\"bibbase doi link\">\n    <span>doi</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/torgerson-contextualorientationinpolicyanalysisthecontributionofharolddlasswell-1985\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('torgerson-contextualorientationinpolicyanalysisthecontributionofharolddlasswell-1985')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@article{torgerson_contextual_1985,\n\ttitle = {Contextual orientation in policy analysis: {The} contribution of {Harold} {D}. {Lasswell}},\n\tvolume = {18},\n\tissn = {1573-0891},\n\tshorttitle = {Contextual orientation in policy analysis},\n\turl = {https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00138911},\n\tdoi = {10.1007/BF00138911},\n\tabstract = {Criticized for its generally positivist and technocratic orientation, the literature of public policy analysis has begun to generate proposals that would create a convergence between the field and the wider movement for a post-positivist restructuring of social inquiry. Ironically, critics have often focused on “policy science” as the epitomy of positivism and technocracy, giving little attention to the actual position of the figure responsible for the term - Harold D. Lasswell. Centering on Lasswell&#x27;s key concept of contextual orientation, this article argues that, despite positivist influences, he developed an approach to inquiry and a proposal for a policy science profession which together clearly transcend positivism and technocracy- which, indeed, anticipate recent post-positivist proposals. Implications for policy analysis of a project of contextual orientation are also considered, along with problems in Lasswell&#x27;s focus on professionalization.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {3},\n\turldate = {2024-08-13},\n\tjournal = {Policy Sciences},\n\tauthor = {Torgerson, Douglas},\n\tmonth = nov,\n\tyear = {1985},\n\tkeywords = {Economic Policy, Policy Analysis, Positivist Influence, Public Policy, Social Inquiry},\n\tpages = {241--261},\n}\n\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  Criticized for its generally positivist and technocratic orientation, the literature of public policy analysis has begun to generate proposals that would create a convergence between the field and the wider movement for a post-positivist restructuring of social inquiry. Ironically, critics have often focused on “policy science” as the epitomy of positivism and technocracy, giving little attention to the actual position of the figure responsible for the term - Harold D. Lasswell. Centering on Lasswell's key concept of contextual orientation, this article argues that, despite positivist influences, he developed an approach to inquiry and a proposal for a policy science profession which together clearly transcend positivism and technocracy- which, indeed, anticipate recent post-positivist proposals. Implications for policy analysis of a project of contextual orientation are also considered, along with problems in Lasswell's focus on professionalization.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"edelman-thesymbolicusesofpolitics-1985\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  The Symbolic Uses of Politics.\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Edelman, M. J.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  University of Illinois Press, Urbana,  1985.\n  <span class=\"note\">Google-Books-ID: h163WQZ_Ma8C</span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/edelman-thesymbolicusesofpolitics-1985\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('edelman-thesymbolicusesofpolitics-1985')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@book{edelman_symbolic_1985,\n\taddress = {Urbana},\n\ttitle = {The {Symbolic} {Uses} of {Politics}},\n\tisbn = {978-0-252-01202-0},\n\tabstract = {The symbolic manifestations, purposes, and uses of politics are revealed in this provocative analysis of the institution of politics and man as a political animal.  Unlike the conventional study of politics that deals with how people get the things they want through government, this book concentrates on how politics influence what they want, what they fear, and what they regard as possible. In examining politics as a symbolic form, it looks at man and politics as reflections of each other.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tpublisher = {University of Illinois Press},\n\tauthor = {Edelman, Murray Jacob},\n\tyear = {1985},\n\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: h163WQZ\\_Ma8C},\n\tkeywords = {Philosophy / Political, Political Science / History \\&amp; Theory, Psychology / Social Psychology, Reference / Signs \\&amp; Symbols, Social Science / Sociology / Social Theory},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  The symbolic manifestations, purposes, and uses of politics are revealed in this provocative analysis of the institution of politics and man as a political animal. Unlike the conventional study of politics that deals with how people get the things they want through government, this book concentrates on how politics influence what they want, what they fear, and what they regard as possible. In examining politics as a symbolic form, it looks at man and politics as reflections of each other.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n\n\n\n    </div>\n  </div>\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_group_whole\" id=\"group_1984\">\n    <div class=\"bibbase_group\"\n      onclick=\"toggleGroup('group_1984')\"\n      onkeypress=\"toggleGroup('group_1984')\"\n      tabindex=\"0\">\n      <i class=\"fa fa-angle-down bibbase_group_head_icon\"></i>&nbsp;\n      <span>1984</span>\n      <span class=\"bibbase_group_count\">\n        \n        (3)\n        \n      </span>\n    </div>\n    <div class=\"bibbase_group_body\">\n      \n  \n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"amy-towardapostpositivistpolicyanalysis-1984\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"https://www.proquest.com/openview/b82de32e0454ca2f11e96233281f89a2/1?pq-origsite=gscholar&amp;cbl=1821520\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'amy-towardapostpositivistpolicyanalysis-1984', 'https://www.proquest.com/openview/b82de32e0454ca2f11e96233281f89a2/1?pq-origsite=gscholar&amp;cbl=1821520', event);\">\n    Toward a Post-Positivist Policy Analysis.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Amy, D. J.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  <i>Policy Studies Journal</i>, 13(1): 207. September 1984.\n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"https://www.proquest.com/openview/b82de32e0454ca2f11e96233281f89a2/1?pq-origsite=gscholar&amp;cbl=1821520\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('amy-towardapostpositivistpolicyanalysis-1984', 'https://www.proquest.com/openview/b82de32e0454ca2f11e96233281f89a2/1?pq-origsite=gscholar&amp;cbl=1821520', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"Toward a Post-Positivist Policy Analysis [link]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/amy-towardapostpositivistpolicyanalysis-1984\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('amy-towardapostpositivistpolicyanalysis-1984')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@article{amy_toward_1984,\n\ttitle = {Toward a {Post}-{Positivist} {Policy} {Analysis}},\n\tvolume = {13},\n\turl = {https://www.proquest.com/openview/b82de32e0454ca2f11e96233281f89a2/1?pq-origsite=gscholar&amp;cbl=1821520},\n\tnumber = {1},\n\tjournal = {Policy Studies Journal},\n\tauthor = {Amy, Douglas J.},\n\tmonth = sep,\n\tyear = {1984},\n\tpages = {207},\n}\n\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"beam-simpson-politicalactionthekeytounderstandingpolitics-1984\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  Political Action: The Key to Understanding Politics.\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Beam, G.;  and Simpson, D. W.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  Swallow Press, Chicago, IL,  1984.\n  <span class=\"note\">Google-Books-ID: ig8mAAAAMAAJ</span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/beam-simpson-politicalactionthekeytounderstandingpolitics-1984\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('beam-simpson-politicalactionthekeytounderstandingpolitics-1984')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@book{beam_political_1984,\n\taddress = {Chicago, IL},\n\ttitle = {Political {Action}: {The} {Key} to {Understanding} {Politics}},\n\tisbn = {978-0-8040-0834-1},\n\tshorttitle = {Political {Action}},\n\tabstract = {Politics and the study of politics are at a watershed. They are deficient because they fail to respond to fundamental crises in our society, fail to incorporate new knowledge from other fields of study, and fail to allow citizens to function as mature human beings shaping their own destiny. Political Action demonstrates the need for a new political science which, in turn, may lead to a new politics more adequate to the problems of this era.Modern political science, as currently studied and practiced, is irrelevant for both public officials and citizens because it fails to focus on political action. Simpson and Beam provide a methodology for the study of political action and demonstrate how the study of political action using these methods provides a better understanding of politics and how these methods aid in identifying effective strategies for building a better America.Without a new focus on political action, political science will remain sterile and without a more humane politics, citizens will remain misinformed, apathetic, and helpless. Political Action is controversial because it challenges the profession of political science. It provides a &quot;paradigm shift&quot; in the field which is important for allied social science disciplines as well. For political strategists, it provides the methodological tool of political action propositions which allow a careful calculation of the effects of alternative strategies.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tpublisher = {Swallow Press},\n\tauthor = {Beam, George and Simpson, Dick W.},\n\tyear = {1984},\n\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: ig8mAAAAMAAJ},\n\tkeywords = {Political Science / Civil Rights, Political Science / General, Political Science / Human Rights},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  Politics and the study of politics are at a watershed. They are deficient because they fail to respond to fundamental crises in our society, fail to incorporate new knowledge from other fields of study, and fail to allow citizens to function as mature human beings shaping their own destiny. Political Action demonstrates the need for a new political science which, in turn, may lead to a new politics more adequate to the problems of this era.Modern political science, as currently studied and practiced, is irrelevant for both public officials and citizens because it fails to focus on political action. Simpson and Beam provide a methodology for the study of political action and demonstrate how the study of political action using these methods provides a better understanding of politics and how these methods aid in identifying effective strategies for building a better America.Without a new focus on political action, political science will remain sterile and without a more humane politics, citizens will remain misinformed, apathetic, and helpless. Political Action is controversial because it challenges the profession of political science. It provides a \"paradigm shift\" in the field which is important for allied social science disciplines as well. For political strategists, it provides the methodological tool of political action propositions which allow a careful calculation of the effects of alternative strategies.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"ferguson-thefeministcaseagainstbureaucracy-1984\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"https://books.google.ch/books/about/The_Feminist_Case_Against_Bureaucracy.html?id=sBtH2NO3IMwC&amp;redir_esc=y#:~:text=The%20author%20sees%20bureaucrats%20and,example%20%2D%2D%20are%20not%20enough.\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'ferguson-thefeministcaseagainstbureaucracy-1984', 'https://books.google.ch/books/about/The_Feminist_Case_Against_Bureaucracy.html?id=sBtH2NO3IMwC&amp;redir_esc=y#:~:text=The%20author%20sees%20bureaucrats%20and,example%20%2D%2D%20are%20not%20enough.', event);\">\n    The Feminist Case Against Bureaucracy.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Ferguson, K. E.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  Temple University Press, Philadelphia, PA,  1984.\n  <span class=\"note\">Google-Books-ID: sBtH2NO3IMwC</span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"https://books.google.ch/books/about/The_Feminist_Case_Against_Bureaucracy.html?id=sBtH2NO3IMwC&amp;redir_esc=y#:~:text=The%20author%20sees%20bureaucrats%20and,example%20%2D%2D%20are%20not%20enough.\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('ferguson-thefeministcaseagainstbureaucracy-1984', 'https://books.google.ch/books/about/The_Feminist_Case_Against_Bureaucracy.html?id=sBtH2NO3IMwC&amp;redir_esc=y#:~:text=The%20author%20sees%20bureaucrats%20and,example%20%2D%2D%20are%20not%20enough.', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"The Feminist Case Against Bureaucracy [link]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/ferguson-thefeministcaseagainstbureaucracy-1984\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('ferguson-thefeministcaseagainstbureaucracy-1984')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@book{ferguson_feminist_1984,\n\taddress = {Philadelphia, PA},\n\ttitle = {The {Feminist} {Case} {Against} {Bureaucracy}},\n\tisbn = {978-0-87722-400-6},\n\turl = {https://books.google.ch/books/about/The_Feminist_Case_Against_Bureaucracy.html?id=sBtH2NO3IMwC&amp;redir_esc=y#:~:text=The%20author%20sees%20bureaucrats%20and,example%20%2D%2D%20are%20not%20enough.},\n\tabstract = {&quot;Like it or not, all of us who live in modern society are organization men and women. We tend to be caught in the traditional patterns of dominance and subordination. This book is both pessimistic and hopeful. With devastating thoroughness, the author shows how pervasive these patterns of relationship are in our work lives and personal lives, and how deep they run -- into the very language of the organization and of ordinary life. This is not a book about how women can succeed in business, but a criticism of books like those success manuals and notions like that idea of success. The author sees bureaucrats and clients as the &#x27;second sex&#x27;. To fit in properly, they just learn the skills necessary to cope with subordinate status, skills that women have always learned as part of their &#x27;femininity&#x27;. Liberal reforms -- placing more women in management positions, for example -- are not enough. What is required is the emergence of an alternative voice, one grounded in the experience and perceptions of women, that will challenge the patterns of control found in every aspect of modern life. Public discourse today is not the language of women even when women speak it. In this brilliant synthesis of the feminist literature and the literature on organizational theory and practice, the author suggests how a feminist discourse could interject into public debate a reformulation of the basic political questions of power, reason, and organization and thereby legitimate a concern of both autonomy and community. In the face of the massive incursions of bureaucracy into daily life, this is an important contribution to the project of human liberation.&quot;--Publisher description.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tpublisher = {Temple University Press},\n\tauthor = {Ferguson, Kathy E.},\n\tyear = {1984},\n\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: sBtH2NO3IMwC},\n\tkeywords = {Business \\&amp; Economics / General, Business \\&amp; Economics / Organizational Behavior, Political Science / General, Political Science / Public Policy / General, Social Science / Feminism \\&amp; Feminist Theory},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  \"Like it or not, all of us who live in modern society are organization men and women. We tend to be caught in the traditional patterns of dominance and subordination. This book is both pessimistic and hopeful. With devastating thoroughness, the author shows how pervasive these patterns of relationship are in our work lives and personal lives, and how deep they run – into the very language of the organization and of ordinary life. This is not a book about how women can succeed in business, but a criticism of books like those success manuals and notions like that idea of success. The author sees bureaucrats and clients as the 'second sex'. To fit in properly, they just learn the skills necessary to cope with subordinate status, skills that women have always learned as part of their 'femininity'. Liberal reforms – placing more women in management positions, for example – are not enough. What is required is the emergence of an alternative voice, one grounded in the experience and perceptions of women, that will challenge the patterns of control found in every aspect of modern life. Public discourse today is not the language of women even when women speak it. In this brilliant synthesis of the feminist literature and the literature on organizational theory and practice, the author suggests how a feminist discourse could interject into public debate a reformulation of the basic political questions of power, reason, and organization and thereby legitimate a concern of both autonomy and community. In the face of the massive incursions of bureaucracy into daily life, this is an important contribution to the project of human liberation.\"–Publisher description.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n\n\n\n    </div>\n  </div>\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_group_whole\" id=\"group_1983\">\n    <div class=\"bibbase_group\"\n      onclick=\"toggleGroup('group_1983')\"\n      onkeypress=\"toggleGroup('group_1983')\"\n      tabindex=\"0\">\n      <i class=\"fa fa-angle-down bibbase_group_head_icon\"></i>&nbsp;\n      <span>1983</span>\n      <span class=\"bibbase_group_count\">\n        \n        (5)\n        \n      </span>\n    </div>\n    <div class=\"bibbase_group_body\">\n      \n  \n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"rein-actionframesandproblemsetting-1983\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  Action frames and problem setting.\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Rein, M.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  In <i>From Policy to Practice</i>, pages 221–234. Macmillan, London, UK,  1983.\n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/rein-actionframesandproblemsetting-1983\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('rein-actionframesandproblemsetting-1983')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@incollection{rein_action_1983,\n\taddress = {London, UK},\n\ttitle = {Action frames and problem setting.},\n\tbooktitle = {From {Policy} to {Practice}},\n\tpublisher = {Macmillan},\n\tauthor = {Rein, Martin},\n\tyear = {1983},\n\tpages = {221--234},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"paris-reynolds-thelogicofpolicyinquiry-1983\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  The Logic of Policy Inquiry.\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Paris, D. C.;  and Reynolds, J. F.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  Longman, United Kingdom,  1983.\n  <span class=\"note\">Google-Books-ID: qTWPAAAAIAAJ</span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/paris-reynolds-thelogicofpolicyinquiry-1983\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('paris-reynolds-thelogicofpolicyinquiry-1983')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@book{paris_logic_1983,\n\taddress = {United Kingdom},\n\ttitle = {The {Logic} of {Policy} {Inquiry}},\n\tisbn = {978-0-582-28356-5},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tpublisher = {Longman},\n\tauthor = {Paris, David C. and Reynolds, James F.},\n\tyear = {1983},\n\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: qTWPAAAAIAAJ},\n\tkeywords = {Political Science / General, Political Science / Public Policy / General, Political Science / Public Policy / Social Services \\&amp; Welfare},\n}\n\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"forester-criticaltheoryandorganizationalanalysis-1983\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  Critical Theory and Organizational Analysis.\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Forester, J.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  In Morgan, G., editor(s), <i>Beyond Method: Strategies for Social Research</i>, pages Ch. 15. SAGE, May 1983.\n  <span class=\"note\">Google-Books-ID: ffy1Z7xUQ_wC</span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/forester-criticaltheoryandorganizationalanalysis-1983\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('forester-criticaltheoryandorganizationalanalysis-1983')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@incollection{morgan_critical_1983,\n\ttitle = {Critical {Theory} and {Organizational} {Analysis}},\n\tisbn = {978-0-8039-2078-1},\n\tabstract = {Research is often seen as a neutral, technical process through which researchers simply reveal or discover knowledge. A broader and more self-reflective stance is advocated in Beyond Method, one in which a knowledge of technique needs to be complemented by an appreciation of the nature of research as a distinctively human process, through which researchers make knowledge. Such an appreciation requires a reframing of understanding and debate about research, in a way that goes beyond considerations of method alone.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tbooktitle = {Beyond {Method}: {Strategies} for {Social} {Research}},\n\tpublisher = {SAGE},\n\tauthor = {Forester, John},\n\teditor = {Morgan, Gareth},\n\tmonth = may,\n\tyear = {1983},\n\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: ffy1Z7xUQ\\_wC},\n\tkeywords = {Reference / Research, Social Science / Research},\n\tpages = {Ch. 15},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  Research is often seen as a neutral, technical process through which researchers simply reveal or discover knowledge. A broader and more self-reflective stance is advocated in Beyond Method, one in which a knowledge of technique needs to be complemented by an appreciation of the nature of research as a distinctively human process, through which researchers make knowledge. Such an appreciation requires a reframing of understanding and debate about research, in a way that goes beyond considerations of method alone.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"polkinghorne-methodologyforthehumansciencessystemsofinquiry-1983\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  Methodology for the Human Sciences: Systems of Inquiry.\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Polkinghorne, D.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  SUNY Press, Albany, NY, January 1983.\n  <span class=\"note\">Google-Books-ID: IfBW4IA2zREC</span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/polkinghorne-methodologyforthehumansciencessystemsofinquiry-1983\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('polkinghorne-methodologyforthehumansciencessystemsofinquiry-1983')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@book{polkinghorne_methodology_1983,\n\taddress = {Albany, NY},\n\ttitle = {Methodology for the {Human} {Sciences}: {Systems} of {Inquiry}},\n\tisbn = {978-0-87395-663-5},\n\tshorttitle = {Methodology for the {Human} {Sciences}},\n\tabstract = {Methodology for the Human Sciences addresses the growing need for a comprehensive textbook that surveys the emerging body of literature on human science research and clearly describes procedures and methods for carrying out new research strategies. It provides an overview of developing methods, describes their commonalities and variations, and contains practical information on how to implement strategies in the field. In it, Donald Polkinghorne calls for a renewal of debate over which methods are appropriate for the study of human beings, proposing that the results of the extensive changes in the philosophy of science since 1960 call for a reexamination of the original issues of this debate.  The book traces the history of the deliberations from Mill and Dilthey to Hempel and logical positivism, examines recently developed systems of inquiry and their importance for the human sciences, and relates these systems to the practical problems of doing research on topics related to human experience. It discusses historical realism, systems and structures, phenomenology and hermeneutics, action theory, and the implications recent systems have for a revised human science methodology.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tpublisher = {SUNY Press},\n\tauthor = {Polkinghorne, Donald},\n\tmonth = jan,\n\tyear = {1983},\n\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: IfBW4IA2zREC},\n\tkeywords = {Science / Research \\&amp; Methodology},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  Methodology for the Human Sciences addresses the growing need for a comprehensive textbook that surveys the emerging body of literature on human science research and clearly describes procedures and methods for carrying out new research strategies. It provides an overview of developing methods, describes their commonalities and variations, and contains practical information on how to implement strategies in the field. In it, Donald Polkinghorne calls for a renewal of debate over which methods are appropriate for the study of human beings, proposing that the results of the extensive changes in the philosophy of science since 1960 call for a reexamination of the original issues of this debate. The book traces the history of the deliberations from Mill and Dilthey to Hempel and logical positivism, examines recently developed systems of inquiry and their importance for the human sciences, and relates these systems to the practical problems of doing research on topics related to human experience. It discusses historical realism, systems and structures, phenomenology and hermeneutics, action theory, and the implications recent systems have for a revised human science methodology.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"bernstein-beyondobjectivismandrelativismsciencehermeneuticsandpraxis-1983\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  Beyond Objectivism and Relativism: Science, Hermeneutics, and Praxis.\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Bernstein, R.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  University of Pennsylvania Press, Philadelphia, PA,  1983.\n  <span class=\"note\">Google-Books-ID: WHs4xL9RsY4C</span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/bernstein-beyondobjectivismandrelativismsciencehermeneuticsandpraxis-1983\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('bernstein-beyondobjectivismandrelativismsciencehermeneuticsandpraxis-1983')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@book{bernstein_beyond_1983,\n\taddress = {Philadelphia, PA},\n\ttitle = {Beyond {Objectivism} and {Relativism}: {Science}, {Hermeneutics}, and {Praxis}},\n\tisbn = {978-0-8122-1165-8},\n\tshorttitle = {Beyond {Objectivism} and {Relativism}},\n\tabstract = {Drawing freely and expertly from Continental and analytic traditions, Richard Bernstein examines a number of debates and controversies exemplified in the works of Gadamer, Habermas, Rorty, and Arendt. He argues that a &quot;new conversation&quot; is emerging about human rationality—a new understanding that emphasizes its practical character and has important ramifications both for thought and action.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tpublisher = {University of Pennsylvania Press},\n\tauthor = {Bernstein, Richard},\n\tyear = {1983},\n\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: WHs4xL9RsY4C},\n\tkeywords = {Philosophy / Epistemology, Philosophy / General, Philosophy / Hermeneutics, Philosophy / History \\&amp; Surveys / Modern, Philosophy / Metaphysics, Religion / Religion \\&amp; Science},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  Drawing freely and expertly from Continental and analytic traditions, Richard Bernstein examines a number of debates and controversies exemplified in the works of Gadamer, Habermas, Rorty, and Arendt. He argues that a \"new conversation\" is emerging about human rationality—a new understanding that emphasizes its practical character and has important ramifications both for thought and action.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n\n\n\n    </div>\n  </div>\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_group_whole\" id=\"group_1982\">\n    <div class=\"bibbase_group\"\n      onclick=\"toggleGroup('group_1982')\"\n      onkeypress=\"toggleGroup('group_1982')\"\n      tabindex=\"0\">\n      <i class=\"fa fa-angle-down bibbase_group_head_icon\"></i>&nbsp;\n      <span>1982</span>\n      <span class=\"bibbase_group_count\">\n        \n        (2)\n        \n      </span>\n    </div>\n    <div class=\"bibbase_group_body\">\n      \n  \n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"brunner-thepolicysciencesasscience-1982\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00143074\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'brunner-thepolicysciencesasscience-1982', 'https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00143074', event);\">\n    The policy sciences as science.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Brunner, R. D.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  <i>Policy Sciences</i>, 15(2): 115–135. December 1982.\n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00143074\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('brunner-thepolicysciencesasscience-1982', 'https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00143074', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"The policy sciences as science [link]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.org/10.1007/BF00143074\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('brunner-thepolicysciencesasscience-1982', 'http://doi.org/10.1007/BF00143074', event.ctrlKey)\"\n     class=\"bibbase doi link\">\n    <span>doi</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/brunner-thepolicysciencesasscience-1982\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('brunner-thepolicysciencesasscience-1982')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@article{brunner_policy_1982,\n\ttitle = {The policy sciences as science},\n\tvolume = {15},\n\tissn = {1573-0891},\n\turl = {https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00143074},\n\tdoi = {10.1007/BF00143074},\n\tabstract = {The preceding evaluation of the policy sciences by Schneider, Stevens, and Tornatzky is based on a rather narrow conception of science that emphasizes quantitative and rigorous methods. It overlooks the limitations of such methods, as revealed by the results of applications, and certain adjustments to these limitations. The latter include the adoption of more modest but realizable aspirations and the synthesis of diverse methods-qualitative as well as quantitative, exploratory as well as confirmatory. It also overlooks differences and trends in epistemological preconceptions that underlie the conduct of research and the interpretation of research results. This article reviews the relevant literature in the hope that it might eventually contribute to more enlightened evaluations of the emerging discipline.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {2},\n\turldate = {2024-08-13},\n\tjournal = {Policy Sciences},\n\tauthor = {Brunner, Ronald D.},\n\tmonth = dec,\n\tyear = {1982},\n\tkeywords = {Economic Policy, Policy Science, Preceding Evaluation, Relevant Literature, Research Result},\n\tpages = {115--135},\n}\n\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  The preceding evaluation of the policy sciences by Schneider, Stevens, and Tornatzky is based on a rather narrow conception of science that emphasizes quantitative and rigorous methods. It overlooks the limitations of such methods, as revealed by the results of applications, and certain adjustments to these limitations. The latter include the adoption of more modest but realizable aspirations and the synthesis of diverse methods-qualitative as well as quantitative, exploratory as well as confirmatory. It also overlooks differences and trends in epistemological preconceptions that underlie the conduct of research and the interpretation of research results. This article reviews the relevant literature in the hope that it might eventually contribute to more enlightened evaluations of the emerging discipline.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"dryzek-policyanalysisasahermeneuticactivity-1982\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00137394\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'dryzek-policyanalysisasahermeneuticactivity-1982', 'https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00137394', event);\">\n    Policy analysis as a hermeneutic activity.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Dryzek, J.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  <i>Policy Sciences</i>, 14(4): 309–329. August 1982.\n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00137394\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('dryzek-policyanalysisasahermeneuticactivity-1982', 'https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00137394', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"Policy analysis as a hermeneutic activity [link]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.org/10.1007/BF00137394\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('dryzek-policyanalysisasahermeneuticactivity-1982', 'http://doi.org/10.1007/BF00137394', event.ctrlKey)\"\n     class=\"bibbase doi link\">\n    <span>doi</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/dryzek-policyanalysisasahermeneuticactivity-1982\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('dryzek-policyanalysisasahermeneuticactivity-1982')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@article{dryzek_policy_1982,\n\ttitle = {Policy analysis as a hermeneutic activity},\n\tvolume = {14},\n\tissn = {1573-0891},\n\turl = {https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00137394},\n\tdoi = {10.1007/BF00137394},\n\tabstract = {Any piece of policy analysis must be appropriate to the context of its intended use. Social science often fails as policy analysis due to insensitivity to context. This paper explores a number of different modes of policy analysis to determine the circumstances in which the application of each is appropriate. It is argued that each mode is appropriate only under a fairly limited set of conditions; many of the problems policy analysis encounters are a result of attempts to apply a mode outside its niche. Greater use should be made of what is developed here as a hermeneutic model of policy analysis, appropriate in a residual set of conditions which none of the traditional models of policy analysis copes with adequately.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {4},\n\turldate = {2024-08-13},\n\tjournal = {Policy Sciences},\n\tauthor = {Dryzek, John},\n\tmonth = aug,\n\tyear = {1982},\n\tkeywords = {Economic Policy, Policy Analysis, Problem Policy, Social Science, Traditional Model},\n\tpages = {309--329},\n}\n\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  Any piece of policy analysis must be appropriate to the context of its intended use. Social science often fails as policy analysis due to insensitivity to context. This paper explores a number of different modes of policy analysis to determine the circumstances in which the application of each is appropriate. It is argued that each mode is appropriate only under a fairly limited set of conditions; many of the problems policy analysis encounters are a result of attempts to apply a mode outside its niche. Greater use should be made of what is developed here as a hermeneutic model of policy analysis, appropriate in a residual set of conditions which none of the traditional models of policy analysis copes with adequately.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n\n\n\n    </div>\n  </div>\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_group_whole\" id=\"group_1981\">\n    <div class=\"bibbase_group\"\n      onclick=\"toggleGroup('group_1981')\"\n      onkeypress=\"toggleGroup('group_1981')\"\n      tabindex=\"0\">\n      <i class=\"fa fa-angle-down bibbase_group_head_icon\"></i>&nbsp;\n      <span>1981</span>\n      <span class=\"bibbase_group_count\">\n        \n        (2)\n        \n      </span>\n    </div>\n    <div class=\"bibbase_group_body\">\n      \n  \n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"gusfield-thecultureofpublicproblemsdrinkingdrivingandthesymbolicorder-1981\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  The Culture of Public Problems: Drinking-Driving and the Symbolic Order.\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Gusfield, J. R.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  University of Chicago Press, Chicago, IL,  1981.\n  <span class=\"note\">Google-Books-ID: vKf6MkWMdaQC</span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/gusfield-thecultureofpublicproblemsdrinkingdrivingandthesymbolicorder-1981\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('gusfield-thecultureofpublicproblemsdrinkingdrivingandthesymbolicorder-1981')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@book{gusfield_culture_1981,\n\taddress = {Chicago, IL},\n\ttitle = {The {Culture} of {Public} {Problems}: {Drinking}-{Driving} and the {Symbolic} {Order}},\n\tisbn = {978-0-226-31094-7},\n\tshorttitle = {The {Culture} of {Public} {Problems}},\n\tabstract = {&quot;Everyone knows &#x27;drunk driving&#x27; is a &#x27;serious&#x27; offense. And yet, everyone knows lots of &#x27;drunk drivers&#x27; who don&#x27;t get involved in accidents, don&#x27;t get caught by the police, and manage to compensate adequately for their &#x27;drunken disability.&#x27; Everyone also knows of &#x27;drunk drivers&#x27; who have been arrested and gotten off easy. Gusfield&#x27;s book dissects the conventional wisdom about &#x27;drinking-driving&#x27; and examines the paradox of a &#x27;serious&#x27; offense that is usually treated lightly by the judiciary and rarely carries social stigma.&quot;—Mac Marshall, Social Science and Medicine  &quot;A sophisticated and thoughtful critic. . . . Gusfield argues that the &#x27;myth of the killer drunk&#x27; is a creation of the &#x27;public culture of law.&#x27; . . . Through its dramatic development and condemnation of the anti-social character of the drinking-driver, the public law strengthens the illusion of moral consensus in American society and celebrates the virtues of a sober and orderly world.&quot;—James D. Orcutt, Sociology and Social Research  &quot;Joseph Gusfield denies neither the role of alcohol in highway accidents nor the need to do something about it. His point is that the research we conduct on drinking-driving and the laws we make to inhibit it tells us more about our moral order than about the effects of drinking-driving itself. Many will object to this conclusion, but none can ignore it. Indeed, the book will put many scientific and legal experts on the defensive as they face Gusfield&#x27;s massive erudition, pointed analysis and criticism, and powerful argumentation. In The Culture of Public Problems, Gusfield presents the experts, and us, with a masterpiece of sociological reasoning.&quot;—Barry Schwartz, American Journal of Sociology  This book is truly an outstanding achievement. . . . It is sociology of science, sociology of law, sociology of deviance, and sociology of knowledge. Sociologists generally should find the book of great theoretical interest, and it should stimulate personal reflection on their assumptions about science and the kind of consciousness it creates. They will also find that the book is a delight to read.&quot;—William B. Bankston, Social Forces},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tpublisher = {University of Chicago Press},\n\tauthor = {Gusfield, Joseph R.},\n\tyear = {1981},\n\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: vKf6MkWMdaQC},\n\tkeywords = {Family \\&amp; Relationships / General, Language Arts \\&amp; Disciplines / Communication Studies, Political Science / American Government / General, Social Science / Anthropology / General, Social Science / General, Social Science / Research},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  \"Everyone knows 'drunk driving' is a 'serious' offense. And yet, everyone knows lots of 'drunk drivers' who don't get involved in accidents, don't get caught by the police, and manage to compensate adequately for their 'drunken disability.' Everyone also knows of 'drunk drivers' who have been arrested and gotten off easy. Gusfield's book dissects the conventional wisdom about 'drinking-driving' and examines the paradox of a 'serious' offense that is usually treated lightly by the judiciary and rarely carries social stigma.\"—Mac Marshall, Social Science and Medicine \"A sophisticated and thoughtful critic. . . . Gusfield argues that the 'myth of the killer drunk' is a creation of the 'public culture of law.' . . . Through its dramatic development and condemnation of the anti-social character of the drinking-driver, the public law strengthens the illusion of moral consensus in American society and celebrates the virtues of a sober and orderly world.\"—James D. Orcutt, Sociology and Social Research \"Joseph Gusfield denies neither the role of alcohol in highway accidents nor the need to do something about it. His point is that the research we conduct on drinking-driving and the laws we make to inhibit it tells us more about our moral order than about the effects of drinking-driving itself. Many will object to this conclusion, but none can ignore it. Indeed, the book will put many scientific and legal experts on the defensive as they face Gusfield's massive erudition, pointed analysis and criticism, and powerful argumentation. In The Culture of Public Problems, Gusfield presents the experts, and us, with a masterpiece of sociological reasoning.\"—Barry Schwartz, American Journal of Sociology This book is truly an outstanding achievement. . . . It is sociology of science, sociology of law, sociology of deviance, and sociology of knowledge. Sociologists generally should find the book of great theoretical interest, and it should stimulate personal reflection on their assumptions about science and the kind of consciousness it creates. They will also find that the book is a delight to read.\"—William B. Bankston, Social Forces\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"denhardt-towardacriticaltheoryofpublicorganization-1981\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"https://www.jstor.org/stable/975738\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'denhardt-towardacriticaltheoryofpublicorganization-1981', 'https://www.jstor.org/stable/975738', event);\">\n    Toward a Critical Theory of Public Organization.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Denhardt, R. B.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  <i>Public Administration Review</i>, 41(6): 628–635.  1981.\n  <span class=\"note\">Publisher: [American Society for Public Administration, Wiley]</span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"https://www.jstor.org/stable/975738\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('denhardt-towardacriticaltheoryofpublicorganization-1981', 'https://www.jstor.org/stable/975738', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"Toward a Critical Theory of Public Organization [link]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.org/10.2307/975738\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('denhardt-towardacriticaltheoryofpublicorganization-1981', 'http://doi.org/10.2307/975738', event.ctrlKey)\"\n     class=\"bibbase doi link\">\n    <span>doi</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/denhardt-towardacriticaltheoryofpublicorganization-1981\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('denhardt-towardacriticaltheoryofpublicorganization-1981')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@article{denhardt_toward_1981,\n\ttitle = {Toward a {Critical} {Theory} of {Public} {Organization}},\n\tvolume = {41},\n\tissn = {0033-3352},\n\turl = {https://www.jstor.org/stable/975738},\n\tdoi = {10.2307/975738},\n\tnumber = {6},\n\turldate = {2024-08-13},\n\tjournal = {Public Administration Review},\n\tauthor = {Denhardt, Robert B.},\n\tyear = {1981},\n\tnote = {Publisher: [American Society for Public Administration, Wiley]},\n\tpages = {628--635},\n}\n\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n\n\n\n    </div>\n  </div>\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_group_whole\" id=\"group_1980\">\n    <div class=\"bibbase_group\"\n      onclick=\"toggleGroup('group_1980')\"\n      onkeypress=\"toggleGroup('group_1980')\"\n      tabindex=\"0\">\n      <i class=\"fa fa-angle-down bibbase_group_head_icon\"></i>&nbsp;\n      <span>1980</span>\n      <span class=\"bibbase_group_count\">\n        \n        (2)\n        \n      </span>\n    </div>\n    <div class=\"bibbase_group_body\">\n      \n  \n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"lipsky-standingthestudyofpublicpolicyimplementationonitshead-1980\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  Standing the study of public policy implementation on its head.\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Lipsky, M.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  In Burnham, W. D.;  and Weinberg, M. W., editor(s), <i>American Politics and Public Policy</i>. MIT Press, Cambridge,  1980.\n  <span class=\"note\">Google-Books-ID: oh8aHAAACAAJ</span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/lipsky-standingthestudyofpublicpolicyimplementationonitshead-1980\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('lipsky-standingthestudyofpublicpolicyimplementationonitshead-1980')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@incollection{burnham_standing_1980,\n\taddress = {Cambridge},\n\ttitle = {Standing the study of public policy implementation on its head},\n\tisbn = {978-0-262-52061-4},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tbooktitle = {American {Politics} and {Public} {Policy}},\n\tpublisher = {MIT Press},\n\tauthor = {Lipsky, Michael},\n\teditor = {Burnham, Walter Dean and Weinberg, Martha Wagner},\n\tyear = {1980},\n\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: oh8aHAAACAAJ},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"fish-isthereatextinthisclasstheauthorityofinterpretivecommunities-1980\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  Is There a Text in This Class?: The Authority of Interpretive Communities.\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Fish, S.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  Harvard University Press,  1980.\n  <span class=\"note\">Google-Books-ID: bYBso1t4ylcC</span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/fish-isthereatextinthisclasstheauthorityofinterpretivecommunities-1980\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('fish-isthereatextinthisclasstheauthorityofinterpretivecommunities-1980')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@book{fish_is_1980,\n\ttitle = {Is {There} a {Text} in {This} {Class}?: {The} {Authority} of {Interpretive} {Communities}},\n\tisbn = {978-0-674-46726-2},\n\tshorttitle = {Is {There} a {Text} in {This} {Class}?},\n\tabstract = {Stanley Fish is one of America’s most stimulating literary theorists. In this book, he undertakes a profound reexamination of some of criticism’s most basic assumptions. He penetrates to the core of the modern debate about interpretation, explodes numerous misleading formulations, and offers a stunning proposal for a new way of thinking about the way we read.Fish begins by examining the relation between a reader and a text, arguing against the formalist belief that the text alone is the basic, knowable, neutral, and unchanging component of literary experience. But in arguing for the right of the reader to interpret and in effect create the literary work, he skillfully avoids the old trap of subjectivity. To claim that each reader essentially participates in the making of a poem or novel is not, he shows, an invitation to unchecked subjectivity and to the endless proliferation of competing interpretations. For each reader approaches a literary work not as an isolated individual but as part of a community of readers. “Indeed,” he writes, “it is interpretive communities, rather than either the text or reader, that produce meanings.”The book is developmental, not static. Fish at all times reveals the evolutionary aspect of his work—the manner in which he has assumed new positions, altered them, and then moved on. Previously published essays are introduced by headnotes which relate them to the central notion of interpretive communities as it emerges in the final chapters. In the course of refining his theory, Fish includes rather than excludes the thinking of other critics and shows how often they agree with him, even when he and they may appear to be most dramatically at odds. Engaging, lucid, provocative, this book will immediately find its place among the seminal works of modern literary criticism.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tpublisher = {Harvard University Press},\n\tauthor = {Fish, Stanley},\n\tyear = {1980},\n\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: bYBso1t4ylcC},\n\tkeywords = {Education / General, Literary Criticism / General, Literary Criticism / Semiotics \\&amp; Theory},\n}\n\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  Stanley Fish is one of America’s most stimulating literary theorists. In this book, he undertakes a profound reexamination of some of criticism’s most basic assumptions. He penetrates to the core of the modern debate about interpretation, explodes numerous misleading formulations, and offers a stunning proposal for a new way of thinking about the way we read.Fish begins by examining the relation between a reader and a text, arguing against the formalist belief that the text alone is the basic, knowable, neutral, and unchanging component of literary experience. But in arguing for the right of the reader to interpret and in effect create the literary work, he skillfully avoids the old trap of subjectivity. To claim that each reader essentially participates in the making of a poem or novel is not, he shows, an invitation to unchecked subjectivity and to the endless proliferation of competing interpretations. For each reader approaches a literary work not as an isolated individual but as part of a community of readers. “Indeed,” he writes, “it is interpretive communities, rather than either the text or reader, that produce meanings.”The book is developmental, not static. Fish at all times reveals the evolutionary aspect of his work—the manner in which he has assumed new positions, altered them, and then moved on. Previously published essays are introduced by headnotes which relate them to the central notion of interpretive communities as it emerges in the final chapters. In the course of refining his theory, Fish includes rather than excludes the thinking of other critics and shows how often they agree with him, even when he and they may appear to be most dramatically at odds. Engaging, lucid, provocative, this book will immediately find its place among the seminal works of modern literary criticism.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n\n\n\n    </div>\n  </div>\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_group_whole\" id=\"group_1978\">\n    <div class=\"bibbase_group\"\n      onclick=\"toggleGroup('group_1978')\"\n      onkeypress=\"toggleGroup('group_1978')\"\n      tabindex=\"0\">\n      <i class=\"fa fa-angle-down bibbase_group_head_icon\"></i>&nbsp;\n      <span>1978</span>\n      <span class=\"bibbase_group_count\">\n        \n        (1)\n        \n      </span>\n    </div>\n    <div class=\"bibbase_group_body\">\n      \n  \n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"bernstein-therestructuringofsocialandpoliticaltheory-1978\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  The Restructuring of Social and Political Theory.\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Bernstein, R. J.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  University of Pennsylvania Press, March 1978.\n  <span class=\"note\">Google-Books-ID: RBpy__WzpdAC</span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/bernstein-therestructuringofsocialandpoliticaltheory-1978\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('bernstein-therestructuringofsocialandpoliticaltheory-1978')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@book{bernstein_restructuring_1978,\n\ttitle = {The {Restructuring} of {Social} and {Political} {Theory}},\n\tisbn = {978-0-8122-7742-5},\n\tabstract = {In this volume, Bernstein forsees and outlines the development of a social theory that is at once empirical, interpretive, and critical.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tpublisher = {University of Pennsylvania Press},\n\tauthor = {Bernstein, Richard J.},\n\tmonth = mar,\n\tyear = {1978},\n\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: RBpy\\_\\_WzpdAC},\n\tkeywords = {Philosophy / Political, Political Science / History \\&amp; Theory, Social Science / General, Social Science / Methodology},\n}\n\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  In this volume, Bernstein forsees and outlines the development of a social theory that is at once empirical, interpretive, and critical.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n\n\n\n    </div>\n  </div>\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_group_whole\" id=\"group_1977\">\n    <div class=\"bibbase_group\"\n      onclick=\"toggleGroup('group_1977')\"\n      onkeypress=\"toggleGroup('group_1977')\"\n      tabindex=\"0\">\n      <i class=\"fa fa-angle-down bibbase_group_head_icon\"></i>&nbsp;\n      <span>1977</span>\n      <span class=\"bibbase_group_count\">\n        \n        (2)\n        \n      </span>\n    </div>\n    <div class=\"bibbase_group_body\">\n      \n  \n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"rein-schon-problemsettinginpolicyresearch-1977\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  Problem setting in policy research.\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Rein, M.;  and Schon, D. A.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  In Weiss, C. H., editor(s), <i>Using Social Research in Public Policy Making</i>. Lexington Books, Lexington, MA,  1977.\n  <span class=\"note\">Google-Books-ID: OcN8AAAAIAAJ</span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/rein-schon-problemsettinginpolicyresearch-1977\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('rein-schon-problemsettinginpolicyresearch-1977')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@incollection{weiss_problem_1977,\n\taddress = {Lexington, MA},\n\ttitle = {Problem setting in policy research},\n\tisbn = {978-0-669-00498-4},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tbooktitle = {Using {Social} {Research} in {Public} {Policy} {Making}},\n\tpublisher = {Lexington Books},\n\tauthor = {Rein, Martin and Schon, Donald A.},\n\teditor = {Weiss, Carol H.},\n\tyear = {1977},\n\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: OcN8AAAAIAAJ},\n\tkeywords = {Political Science / General, Social Science / General, Social Science / Sociology / General},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"dallmayr-mccarthy-understandingandsocialinquiry-1977\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  Understanding and Social Inquiry.\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Dallmayr, F. R.;  and McCarthy, T. A.,\n  editors.\n  \n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  University of Notre Dame Press, Notre Dame: IN,  1977.\n  <span class=\"note\">Google-Books-ID: YG59zgEACAAJ</span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/dallmayr-mccarthy-understandingandsocialinquiry-1977\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('dallmayr-mccarthy-understandingandsocialinquiry-1977')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@book{dallmayr_understanding_1977,\n\taddress = {Notre Dame: IN},\n\ttitle = {Understanding and {Social} {Inquiry}},\n\tisbn = {978-0-268-01913-6},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tpublisher = {University of Notre Dame Press},\n\teditor = {Dallmayr, Fred Reinhard and McCarthy, Thomas A.},\n\tyear = {1977},\n\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: YG59zgEACAAJ},\n\tkeywords = {Social Science / Research, Social Science / Sociology / General},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n\n\n\n    </div>\n  </div>\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_group_whole\" id=\"group_1976\">\n    <div class=\"bibbase_group\"\n      onclick=\"toggleGroup('group_1976')\"\n      onkeypress=\"toggleGroup('group_1976')\"\n      tabindex=\"0\">\n      <i class=\"fa fa-angle-down bibbase_group_head_icon\"></i>&nbsp;\n      <span>1976</span>\n      <span class=\"bibbase_group_count\">\n        \n        (4)\n        \n      </span>\n    </div>\n    <div class=\"bibbase_group_body\">\n      \n  \n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"gusfield-theliteraryrhetoricofsciencecomedyandpathosindrinkingdriverresearch-1976\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"https://www.jstor.org/stable/2094370\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'gusfield-theliteraryrhetoricofsciencecomedyandpathosindrinkingdriverresearch-1976', 'https://www.jstor.org/stable/2094370', event);\">\n    The Literary Rhetoric of Science: Comedy and Pathos in Drinking Driver Research.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Gusfield, J.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  <i>American Sociological Review</i>, 41(1): 16–34.  1976.\n  <span class=\"note\">Publisher: [American Sociological Association, Sage Publications, Inc.]</span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"https://www.jstor.org/stable/2094370\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('gusfield-theliteraryrhetoricofsciencecomedyandpathosindrinkingdriverresearch-1976', 'https://www.jstor.org/stable/2094370', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"The Literary Rhetoric of Science: Comedy and Pathos in Drinking Driver Research [link]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.org/10.2307/2094370\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('gusfield-theliteraryrhetoricofsciencecomedyandpathosindrinkingdriverresearch-1976', 'http://doi.org/10.2307/2094370', event.ctrlKey)\"\n     class=\"bibbase doi link\">\n    <span>doi</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/gusfield-theliteraryrhetoricofsciencecomedyandpathosindrinkingdriverresearch-1976\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('gusfield-theliteraryrhetoricofsciencecomedyandpathosindrinkingdriverresearch-1976')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@article{gusfield_literary_1976,\n\ttitle = {The {Literary} {Rhetoric} of {Science}: {Comedy} and {Pathos} in {Drinking} {Driver} {Research}},\n\tvolume = {41},\n\tissn = {0003-1224},\n\tshorttitle = {The {Literary} {Rhetoric} of {Science}},\n\turl = {https://www.jstor.org/stable/2094370},\n\tdoi = {10.2307/2094370},\n\tabstract = {This paper is part of a larger study of how knowledge is used in strategies for the solution of public issues. I examine research papers on the issue of drinking and driving, treating the scientific document as a literary, artistic product. Principles of literary criticism, utilized in the analysis of narrative, drama and poetry are applied to the presentation of research to show how statements of fact are given scientific legitimacy and how the literary formulation transfers such statements into rhetorical prescriptions for action. Theorizing and conclusion-making are shown to involve presentational devices of literary selection and language which confer policy implications upon them.},\n\tnumber = {1},\n\turldate = {2024-08-13},\n\tjournal = {American Sociological Review},\n\tauthor = {Gusfield, Joseph},\n\tyear = {1976},\n\tnote = {Publisher: [American Sociological Association, Sage Publications, Inc.]},\n\tpages = {16--34},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  This paper is part of a larger study of how knowledge is used in strategies for the solution of public issues. I examine research papers on the issue of drinking and driving, treating the scientific document as a literary, artistic product. Principles of literary criticism, utilized in the analysis of narrative, drama and poetry are applied to the presentation of research to show how statements of fact are given scientific legitimacy and how the literary formulation transfers such statements into rhetorical prescriptions for action. Theorizing and conclusion-making are shown to involve presentational devices of literary selection and language which confer policy implications upon them.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"gusfield-theliteraryrhetoricofsciencecomedyandpathosindrinkingdriverresearch-1976\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  The Literary Rhetoric of Science: Comedy and Pathos in Drinking Driver Research.\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Gusfield, J.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n   1976.\n  <span class=\"note\">Google-Books-ID: F11OngEACAAJ</span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/gusfield-theliteraryrhetoricofsciencecomedyandpathosindrinkingdriverresearch-1976\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('gusfield-theliteraryrhetoricofsciencecomedyandpathosindrinkingdriverresearch-1976')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@book{gusfield_literary_1976,\n\ttitle = {The {Literary} {Rhetoric} of {Science}: {Comedy} and {Pathos} in {Drinking} {Driver} {Research}},\n\tshorttitle = {The {Literary} {Rhetoric} of {Science}},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tauthor = {Gusfield, J.},\n\tyear = {1976},\n\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: F11OngEACAAJ},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"rein-socialscienceandpublicpolicy-1976\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  Social Science and Public Policy.\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Rein, M.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  Penguin Books, NY,  1976.\n  <span class=\"note\">Google-Books-ID: wr6CAAAAIAAJ</span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/rein-socialscienceandpublicpolicy-1976\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('rein-socialscienceandpublicpolicy-1976')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@book{rein_social_1976,\n\taddress = {NY},\n\ttitle = {Social {Science} and {Public} {Policy}},\n\tisbn = {978-0-14-080367-9},\n\tabstract = {Monograph on the need for critical evaluation of value systems underlying the relationship between social research and social policy - discusses obstacles to the contribution of empirical research and social theory regarding policy formulation, equal opportunity in context with social stratification and social mobility, etc., and uses the health services field as an example of the problem. References.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tpublisher = {Penguin Books},\n\tauthor = {Rein, Martin},\n\tyear = {1976},\n\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: wr6CAAAAIAAJ},\n\tkeywords = {Political Science / General, Social Science / General},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  Monograph on the need for critical evaluation of value systems underlying the relationship between social research and social policy - discusses obstacles to the contribution of empirical research and social theory regarding policy formulation, equal opportunity in context with social stratification and social mobility, etc., and uses the health services field as an example of the problem. References.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"brown-socialtheoryasmetaphoronthelogicofdiscoveryforthesciencesofconduct-1976\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"https://www.jstor.org/stable/656845\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'brown-socialtheoryasmetaphoronthelogicofdiscoveryforthesciencesofconduct-1976', 'https://www.jstor.org/stable/656845', event);\">\n    Social Theory as Metaphor: On the Logic of Discovery for the Sciences of Conduct.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Brown, R. H.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  <i>Theory and Society</i>, 3(2): 169–197.  1976.\n  <span class=\"note\">Publisher: Springer</span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"https://www.jstor.org/stable/656845\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('brown-socialtheoryasmetaphoronthelogicofdiscoveryforthesciencesofconduct-1976', 'https://www.jstor.org/stable/656845', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"Social Theory as Metaphor: On the Logic of Discovery for the Sciences of Conduct [link]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/brown-socialtheoryasmetaphoronthelogicofdiscoveryforthesciencesofconduct-1976\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('brown-socialtheoryasmetaphoronthelogicofdiscoveryforthesciencesofconduct-1976')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@article{brown_social_1976,\n\ttitle = {Social {Theory} as {Metaphor}: {On} the {Logic} of {Discovery} for the {Sciences} of {Conduct}},\n\tvolume = {3},\n\tissn = {0304-2421},\n\tshorttitle = {Social {Theory} as {Metaphor}},\n\turl = {https://www.jstor.org/stable/656845},\n\tnumber = {2},\n\turldate = {2024-08-13},\n\tjournal = {Theory and Society},\n\tauthor = {Brown, Richard H.},\n\tyear = {1976},\n\tnote = {Publisher: Springer},\n\tpages = {169--197},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n\n\n\n    </div>\n  </div>\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_group_whole\" id=\"group_1974\">\n    <div class=\"bibbase_group\"\n      onclick=\"toggleGroup('group_1974')\"\n      onkeypress=\"toggleGroup('group_1974')\"\n      tabindex=\"0\">\n      <i class=\"fa fa-angle-down bibbase_group_head_icon\"></i>&nbsp;\n      <span>1974</span>\n      <span class=\"bibbase_group_count\">\n        \n        (1)\n        \n      </span>\n    </div>\n    <div class=\"bibbase_group_body\">\n      \n  \n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"geertz-fromthenativespointofviewonthenatureofanthropologicalunderstanding-1974\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"https://www.jstor.org/stable/3822971\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'geertz-fromthenativespointofviewonthenatureofanthropologicalunderstanding-1974', 'https://www.jstor.org/stable/3822971', event);\">\n    \"From the Native's Point of View\": On the Nature of Anthropological Understanding.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Geertz, C.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  <i>Bulletin of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences</i>, 28(1): 26–45.  1974.\n  <span class=\"note\">Publisher: American Academy of Arts & Sciences</span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"https://www.jstor.org/stable/3822971\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('geertz-fromthenativespointofviewonthenatureofanthropologicalunderstanding-1974', 'https://www.jstor.org/stable/3822971', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"&quot;From the Native&#x27;s Point of View&quot;: On the Nature of Anthropological Understanding [link]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.org/10.2307/3822971\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('geertz-fromthenativespointofviewonthenatureofanthropologicalunderstanding-1974', 'http://doi.org/10.2307/3822971', event.ctrlKey)\"\n     class=\"bibbase doi link\">\n    <span>doi</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/geertz-fromthenativespointofviewonthenatureofanthropologicalunderstanding-1974\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('geertz-fromthenativespointofviewonthenatureofanthropologicalunderstanding-1974')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@article{geertz_natives_1974,\n\ttitle = {&quot;{From} the {Native}&#x27;s {Point} of {View}&quot;: {On} the {Nature} of {Anthropological} {Understanding}},\n\tvolume = {28},\n\tissn = {0002-712X},\n\tshorttitle = {&quot;{From} the {Native}&#x27;s {Point} of {View}&quot;},\n\turl = {https://www.jstor.org/stable/3822971},\n\tdoi = {10.2307/3822971},\n\tabstract = {At the Annual Meeting in May 1974, the American Academy awarded its first Social Science Prize to Clifford Geertz for his significant contributions to social anthropology. Mr. Geertz has taught at Harvard University, the University of California at Berkeley, and the University of Chicago; in 1970 he became the first Professor of the Social Sciences at the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton. Mr. Geertz&#x27; research has centered on the changing religious attitudes and habits of life of the Islamic peoples of Morocco and Indonesia; he is the author of Peddlers and Princes: Social Changes and Economic Modernization in Two Indonesian Towns (1963), The Social History of an Indonesian Town (1965), Islam Observed: Religious Developments in Morocco and Indonesia (1968), and a recent collection of essays, The Interpretation of Cultures (1973). In nominating Mr. Geertz for the award, the Academy&#x27;s Social Science Prize Committee observed, &quot;each of these volumes is an important contribution in its own right; together they form an unrivaled corpus in modern social anthropology and social sciences.&quot; Following the presentation ceremony, Mr. Geertz delivered the following communication before Academy Fellows and their guests.},\n\tnumber = {1},\n\turldate = {2024-08-08},\n\tjournal = {Bulletin of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences},\n\tauthor = {Geertz, Clifford},\n\tyear = {1974},\n\tnote = {Publisher: American Academy of Arts \\&amp; Sciences},\n\tpages = {26--45},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  At the Annual Meeting in May 1974, the American Academy awarded its first Social Science Prize to Clifford Geertz for his significant contributions to social anthropology. Mr. Geertz has taught at Harvard University, the University of California at Berkeley, and the University of Chicago; in 1970 he became the first Professor of the Social Sciences at the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton. Mr. Geertz' research has centered on the changing religious attitudes and habits of life of the Islamic peoples of Morocco and Indonesia; he is the author of Peddlers and Princes: Social Changes and Economic Modernization in Two Indonesian Towns (1963), The Social History of an Indonesian Town (1965), Islam Observed: Religious Developments in Morocco and Indonesia (1968), and a recent collection of essays, The Interpretation of Cultures (1973). In nominating Mr. Geertz for the award, the Academy's Social Science Prize Committee observed, \"each of these volumes is an important contribution in its own right; together they form an unrivaled corpus in modern social anthropology and social sciences.\" Following the presentation ceremony, Mr. Geertz delivered the following communication before Academy Fellows and their guests.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n\n\n\n    </div>\n  </div>\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_group_whole\" id=\"group_1973\">\n    <div class=\"bibbase_group\"\n      onclick=\"toggleGroup('group_1973')\"\n      onkeypress=\"toggleGroup('group_1973')\"\n      tabindex=\"0\">\n      <i class=\"fa fa-angle-down bibbase_group_head_icon\"></i>&nbsp;\n      <span>1973</span>\n      <span class=\"bibbase_group_count\">\n        \n        (2)\n        \n      </span>\n    </div>\n    <div class=\"bibbase_group_body\">\n      \n  \n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"geertz-theinterpretationofcultures-1973\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"https://books.google.ch/books/about/The_Interpretation_Of_Cultures.html?id=BZ1BmKEHti0C&amp;redir_esc=y\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'geertz-theinterpretationofcultures-1973', 'https://books.google.ch/books/about/The_Interpretation_Of_Cultures.html?id=BZ1BmKEHti0C&amp;redir_esc=y', event);\">\n    The Interpretation Of Cultures.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Geertz, C.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  Basic Books,  1973.\n  <span class=\"note\">Google-Books-ID: BZ1BmKEHti0C</span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"https://books.google.ch/books/about/The_Interpretation_Of_Cultures.html?id=BZ1BmKEHti0C&amp;redir_esc=y\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('geertz-theinterpretationofcultures-1973', 'https://books.google.ch/books/about/The_Interpretation_Of_Cultures.html?id=BZ1BmKEHti0C&amp;redir_esc=y', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"The Interpretation Of Cultures [link]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/geertz-theinterpretationofcultures-1973\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('geertz-theinterpretationofcultures-1973')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@book{geertz_interpretation_1973,\n\ttitle = {The {Interpretation} {Of} {Cultures}},\n\tisbn = {978-0-465-09719-7},\n\turl = {https://books.google.ch/books/about/The_Interpretation_Of_Cultures.html?id=BZ1BmKEHti0C&amp;redir_esc=y},\n\tabstract = {One of the twentieth century&#x27;s most influential books, this classic work of anthropology offers a groundbreaking exploration of what culture isWith The Interpretation of Cultures, the distinguished anthropologist Clifford Geertz developed the concept of thick description, and in so doing, he virtually rewrote the rules of his field. Culture, Geertz argues, does not drive human behavior. Rather, it is a web of symbols that can help us better understand what that behavior means. A thick description explains not only the behavior, but the context in which it occurs, and to describe something thickly, Geertz argues, is the fundamental role of the anthropologist.Named one of the 100 most important books published since World War II by the Times Literary Supplement, The Interpretation of Cultures transformed how we think about others&#x27; cultures and our own. This definitive edition, with a foreword by Robert Darnton, remains an essential book for anthropologists, historians, and anyone else seeking to better understand human cultures.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tpublisher = {Basic Books},\n\tauthor = {Geertz, Clifford},\n\tyear = {1973},\n\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: BZ1BmKEHti0C},\n\tkeywords = {History / Historiography, Literary Criticism / Semiotics \\&amp; Theory, Philosophy / Hermeneutics, Social Science / Anthropology / Cultural \\&amp; Social, Social Science / Anthropology / General, Social Science / Sociology / General},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  One of the twentieth century's most influential books, this classic work of anthropology offers a groundbreaking exploration of what culture isWith The Interpretation of Cultures, the distinguished anthropologist Clifford Geertz developed the concept of thick description, and in so doing, he virtually rewrote the rules of his field. Culture, Geertz argues, does not drive human behavior. Rather, it is a web of symbols that can help us better understand what that behavior means. A thick description explains not only the behavior, but the context in which it occurs, and to describe something thickly, Geertz argues, is the fundamental role of the anthropologist.Named one of the 100 most important books published since World War II by the Times Literary Supplement, The Interpretation of Cultures transformed how we think about others' cultures and our own. This definitive edition, with a foreword by Robert Darnton, remains an essential book for anthropologists, historians, and anyone else seeking to better understand human cultures.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"ricur-themodelofthetextmeaningfulactionconsideredasatext-1973\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"https://www.jstor.org/stable/468410\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'ricur-themodelofthetextmeaningfulactionconsideredasatext-1973', 'https://www.jstor.org/stable/468410', event);\">\n    The Model of the Text: Meaningful Action Considered as a Text.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Ricœur, P.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  <i>New Literary History</i>, 5(1): 91–117.  1973.\n  <span class=\"note\">Publisher: Johns Hopkins University Press</span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"https://www.jstor.org/stable/468410\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('ricur-themodelofthetextmeaningfulactionconsideredasatext-1973', 'https://www.jstor.org/stable/468410', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"The Model of the Text: Meaningful Action Considered as a Text [link]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.org/10.2307/468410\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('ricur-themodelofthetextmeaningfulactionconsideredasatext-1973', 'http://doi.org/10.2307/468410', event.ctrlKey)\"\n     class=\"bibbase doi link\">\n    <span>doi</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/ricur-themodelofthetextmeaningfulactionconsideredasatext-1973\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('ricur-themodelofthetextmeaningfulactionconsideredasatext-1973')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@article{ricoeur_model_1973,\n\ttitle = {The {Model} of the {Text}: {Meaningful} {Action} {Considered} as a {Text}},\n\tvolume = {5},\n\tissn = {0028-6087},\n\tshorttitle = {The {Model} of the {Text}},\n\turl = {https://www.jstor.org/stable/468410},\n\tdoi = {10.2307/468410},\n\tnumber = {1},\n\turldate = {2024-08-13},\n\tjournal = {New Literary History},\n\tauthor = {Ricœur, Paul},\n\tyear = {1973},\n\tnote = {Publisher: Johns Hopkins University Press},\n\tpages = {91--117},\n}\n\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n\n\n\n    </div>\n  </div>\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_group_whole\" id=\"group_1971\">\n    <div class=\"bibbase_group\"\n      onclick=\"toggleGroup('group_1971')\"\n      onkeypress=\"toggleGroup('group_1971')\"\n      tabindex=\"0\">\n      <i class=\"fa fa-angle-down bibbase_group_head_icon\"></i>&nbsp;\n      <span>1971</span>\n      <span class=\"bibbase_group_count\">\n        \n        (2)\n        \n      </span>\n    </div>\n    <div class=\"bibbase_group_body\">\n      \n  \n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"marini-towardanewpublicadministrationtheminnowbrookperspective-1971\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  Toward a New Public Administration: The Minnowbrook Perspective.\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Marini, F.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  Chandler Publishing Company, Scranton,  1971.\n  <span class=\"note\">Google-Books-ID: jVEWAAAAIAAJ</span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/marini-towardanewpublicadministrationtheminnowbrookperspective-1971\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('marini-towardanewpublicadministrationtheminnowbrookperspective-1971')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@book{marini_toward_1971,\n\taddress = {Scranton},\n\ttitle = {Toward a {New} {Public} {Administration}: {The} {Minnowbrook} {Perspective}},\n\tisbn = {978-0-8102-0390-7},\n\tshorttitle = {Toward a {New} {Public} {Administration}},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tpublisher = {Chandler Publishing Company},\n\tauthor = {Marini, Frank},\n\tyear = {1971},\n\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: jVEWAAAAIAAJ},\n\tkeywords = {Political Science / Public Affairs \\&amp; Administration},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"taylor-interpretationandthesciencesofman-1971\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  Interpretation and the Sciences of Man.\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Taylor, C.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  <i>Review of Metaphysics</i>, 25(1): 3–51.  1971.\n  <span class=\"note\">Publisher: Philosophy Education Society</span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/taylor-interpretationandthesciencesofman-1971\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('taylor-interpretationandthesciencesofman-1971')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@article{taylor_interpretation_1971,\n\ttitle = {Interpretation and the {Sciences} of {Man}},\n\tvolume = {25},\n\tnumber = {1},\n\tjournal = {Review of Metaphysics},\n\tauthor = {Taylor, Charles},\n\tyear = {1971},\n\tnote = {Publisher: Philosophy Education Society},\n\tpages = {3--51},\n}\n\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n\n\n\n    </div>\n  </div>\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_group_whole\" id=\"group_1970\">\n    <div class=\"bibbase_group\"\n      onclick=\"toggleGroup('group_1970')\"\n      onkeypress=\"toggleGroup('group_1970')\"\n      tabindex=\"0\">\n      <i class=\"fa fa-angle-down bibbase_group_head_icon\"></i>&nbsp;\n      <span>1970</span>\n      <span class=\"bibbase_group_count\">\n        \n        (1)\n        \n      </span>\n    </div>\n    <div class=\"bibbase_group_body\">\n      \n  \n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"kuhn-thestructureofscientificrevolutions-1970\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  The Structure of Scientific Revolutions.\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Kuhn, T. S.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  University of Chicago Press, Chicago,  1970.\n  <span class=\"note\">Google-Books-ID: 3eP5Y_OOuzwC</span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/kuhn-thestructureofscientificrevolutions-1970\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('kuhn-thestructureofscientificrevolutions-1970')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@book{kuhn_structure_1970,\n\taddress = {Chicago},\n\ttitle = {The {Structure} of {Scientific} {Revolutions}},\n\tisbn = {978-0-226-45814-4},\n\tabstract = {“One of the most influential books of the 20th century,” the landmark study in the history of science with a new introduction by philosopher Ian Hacking (Guardian, UK).First published in 1962, Thomas Kuhn’s The Structure of Scientific Revolutions ”reshaped our understanding of the scientific enterprise and human inquiry in general.” In it, he challenged long-standing assumptions about scientific progress, arguing that transformative ideas don’t arise from the gradual process of experimentation and data accumulation, but instead occur outside of “normal science.” Though Kuhn was writing when physics ruled the sciences, his ideas on how scientific revolutions bring order to the anomalies that amass over time in research experiments are still instructive in today’s biotech age (Science).This new edition of Kuhn’s essential work includes an insightful introduction by Ian Hacking, which clarifies terms popularized by Kuhn, including “paradigm” and “incommensurability,” and applies Kuhn’s ideas to the science of today. Usefully keyed to the separate sections of the book, Hacking’s introduction provides important background information as well as a contemporary context. This newly designed edition also includes an expanded and updated index.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tpublisher = {University of Chicago Press},\n\tauthor = {Kuhn, Thomas S.},\n\tyear = {1970},\n\tnote = {Google-Books-ID: 3eP5Y\\_OOuzwC},\n\tkeywords = {Science / General, Science / History, Science / Philosophy \\&amp; Social Aspects},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  “One of the most influential books of the 20th century,” the landmark study in the history of science with a new introduction by philosopher Ian Hacking (Guardian, UK).First published in 1962, Thomas Kuhn’s The Structure of Scientific Revolutions ”reshaped our understanding of the scientific enterprise and human inquiry in general.” In it, he challenged long-standing assumptions about scientific progress, arguing that transformative ideas don’t arise from the gradual process of experimentation and data accumulation, but instead occur outside of “normal science.” Though Kuhn was writing when physics ruled the sciences, his ideas on how scientific revolutions bring order to the anomalies that amass over time in research experiments are still instructive in today’s biotech age (Science).This new edition of Kuhn’s essential work includes an insightful introduction by Ian Hacking, which clarifies terms popularized by Kuhn, including “paradigm” and “incommensurability,” and applies Kuhn’s ideas to the science of today. Usefully keyed to the separate sections of the book, Hacking’s introduction provides important background information as well as a contemporary context. This newly designed edition also includes an expanded and updated index.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n\n\n\n    </div>\n  </div>\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_group_whole\" id=\"group_undefined\">\n    <div class=\"bibbase_group\"\n      onclick=\"toggleGroup('group_undefined')\"\n      onkeypress=\"toggleGroup('group_undefined')\"\n      tabindex=\"0\">\n      <i class=\"fa fa-angle-down bibbase_group_head_icon\"></i>&nbsp;\n      <span>undefined</span>\n      <span class=\"bibbase_group_count\">\n        \n        (1)\n        \n      </span>\n    </div>\n    <div class=\"bibbase_group_body\">\n      \n  \n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"anonymous-interviewseinternationalrelations\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"https://www.e-ir.info/author/e-international-relations/\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'anonymous-interviewseinternationalrelations', 'https://www.e-ir.info/author/e-international-relations/', event);\">\n    Interviews - E-International Relations.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  \n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n   \n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"https://www.e-ir.info/author/e-international-relations/\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('anonymous-interviewseinternationalrelations', 'https://www.e-ir.info/author/e-international-relations/', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"Interviews - E-International Relations [link]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/anonymous-interviewseinternationalrelations\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('anonymous-interviewseinternationalrelations')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@misc{noauthor_interviews_nodate,\n\ttitle = {Interviews - {E}-{International} {Relations}},\n\turl = {https://www.e-ir.info/author/e-international-relations/},\n\tlanguage = {en-US},\n\turldate = {2024-08-14},\n\tjournal = {Features - E-International Relations},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n\n\n\n    </div>\n  </div>\n\n\n\n\n  </div>\n\n\n  <!-- Modal -->\n\n  <!-- <iframe id=\"bibbase_network_frame\" -->\n  <!--         src=\"//bibbase.org/network/control\" -->\n  <!--         style=\"display: none;\"> -->\n  <!-- </iframe> -->\n\n</div>\n"}; document.write(bibbase_data.data);