var bibbase_data = {"data":"<img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/ajax-loader.gif\" id=\"spinner\"\n  style=\"display: none;\" alt=\"Loading..\" />\n\n<div id=\"bibbase\">\n\n  <script type=\"text/javascript\">\n    var bibbase = {\n      params: {\"bib\":\"https://bibbase.org/zotero-mypublications/liu.hao\",\"jsonp\":\"1\",\"host\":\"bibbase.org\",\"ssl\":false},\n      data: [{\"bibtype\":\"article\",\"type\":\"article\",\"title\":\"Polyvinylidene Fluoride (PVDF)–Trimethylaluminum (TMA) Chemistry: First-Principles Investigation and Experimental Insights\",\"volume\":\"17\",\"copyright\":\"https://doi.org/10.15223/policy-029\",\"issn\":\"1944-8244, 1944-8252\",\"shorttitle\":\"Polyvinylidene Fluoride (PVDF)–Trimethylaluminum (TMA) Chemistry\",\"url\":\"https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acsami.4c14135\",\"doi\":\"10.1021/acsami.4c14135\",\"abstract\":\"Atomic layer deposition (ALD) is a popular method of coating battery electrodes with metal oxides for improved cycling stability. While significant research has focused on the interaction between the reactive metal alkyl precursor and the electrode materials, little is known about the reactivity of the precursor toward other components of the battery electrode, such as the polymer binder. This study presents a combined computational and experimental investigation of the reaction between the popular polyvinylidene (PVDF) binder and the trimethylaluminum (TMA) precursor commonly used for coating Al2O3 by ALD. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) was used to interrogate the reactivity of PVDF toward TMA and to characterize the reaction products. Density functional theory (DFT) simulations identified an exothermic reaction of TMA with PVDF, yielding methane (CH4), dimethyl aluminum fluoride, and nonsaturated carbons at the reaction site in the PVDF backbone, which is well aligned with XPS results. The newfound chemistry involving TMA and PVDF reveals that PVDF undergoes side reactions in ALD, contradicting the previous belief that PVDF is chemically inert as a battery binder. This discovery prompts a reassessment of PVDF’s application scenarios in the battery industry.\",\"language\":\"en\",\"number\":\"3\",\"urldate\":\"2025-02-12\",\"journal\":\"ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Peiris\"],\"firstnames\":[\"M.\",\"D.\",\"Hashan\",\"C.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Huang\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Heran\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Liu\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Hao\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Smeu\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Manuel\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"month\":\"January\",\"year\":\"2025\",\"pages\":\"4744–4753\",\"bibtex\":\"@article{peiris_polyvinylidene_2025,\\n\\ttitle = {Polyvinylidene {Fluoride} ({PVDF})–{Trimethylaluminum} ({TMA}) {Chemistry}: {First}-{Principles} {Investigation} and {Experimental} {Insights}},\\n\\tvolume = {17},\\n\\tcopyright = {https://doi.org/10.15223/policy-029},\\n\\tissn = {1944-8244, 1944-8252},\\n\\tshorttitle = {Polyvinylidene {Fluoride} ({PVDF})–{Trimethylaluminum} ({TMA}) {Chemistry}},\\n\\turl = {https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acsami.4c14135},\\n\\tdoi = {10.1021/acsami.4c14135},\\n\\tabstract = {Atomic layer deposition (ALD) is a popular method of coating battery electrodes with metal oxides for improved cycling stability. While significant research has focused on the interaction between the reactive metal alkyl precursor and the electrode materials, little is known about the reactivity of the precursor toward other components of the battery electrode, such as the polymer binder. This study presents a combined computational and experimental investigation of the reaction between the popular polyvinylidene (PVDF) binder and the trimethylaluminum (TMA) precursor commonly used for coating Al2O3 by ALD. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) was used to interrogate the reactivity of PVDF toward TMA and to characterize the reaction products. Density functional theory (DFT) simulations identified an exothermic reaction of TMA with PVDF, yielding methane (CH4), dimethyl aluminum fluoride, and nonsaturated carbons at the reaction site in the PVDF backbone, which is well aligned with XPS results. The newfound chemistry involving TMA and PVDF reveals that PVDF undergoes side reactions in ALD, contradicting the previous belief that PVDF is chemically inert as a battery binder. This discovery prompts a reassessment of PVDF’s application scenarios in the battery industry.},\\n\\tlanguage = {en},\\n\\tnumber = {3},\\n\\turldate = {2025-02-12},\\n\\tjournal = {ACS Applied Materials \\\\& Interfaces},\\n\\tauthor = {Peiris, M. D. Hashan C. and Huang, Heran and Liu, Hao and Smeu, Manuel},\\n\\tmonth = jan,\\n\\tyear = {2025},\\n\\tpages = {4744--4753},\\n}\\n\\n\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Peiris, M. D. H. C.\",\"Huang, H.\",\"Liu, H.\",\"Smeu, M.\"],\"key\":\"peiris_polyvinylidene_2025\",\"id\":\"peiris_polyvinylidene_2025\",\"bibbaseid\":\"peiris-huang-liu-smeu-polyvinylidenefluoridepvdftrimethylaluminumtmachemistryfirstprinciplesinvestigationandexperimentalinsights-2025\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{\"Paper\":\"https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acsami.4c14135\"},\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{\"liu, h\":\"http://chemiris.chem.binghamton.edu/LIU/pubs.html\"}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"article\",\"type\":\"article\",\"title\":\"Unconventional charge compensation mechanism for proton insertion in aqueous Zn-ion batteries\",\"copyright\":\"All rights reserved\",\"issn\":\"2050-7488, 2050-7496\",\"url\":\"http://pubs.rsc.org/en/Content/ArticleLanding/2024/TA/D4TA05214E\",\"doi\":\"10.1039/D4TA05214E\",\"abstract\":\"Aqueous Zn-ion batteries have been proposed as safe and economical options for large-scale energy storage. In theory, they operate by reversibly shuttling zinc ions between a metallic zinc anode and... , Aqueous Zn-ion batteries have been proposed as safe and economical options for large-scale energy storage. In theory, they operate by reversibly shuttling zinc ions between a metallic zinc anode and a cathode material for Zn2+ ion intercalation through an aqueous electrolyte of a zinc salt solution. In practice, protons (H+) in the aqueous electrolyte can compete with and even predominate Zn2+ in the intercalation reaction. A diagnostic consequence of H+, as opposed to Zn2+, insertion is the precipitation of layered double hydroxide (LDH) crystals, which can be readily identified by electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction measurements. Absence of LDH formation has been perceived as evidence for Zn2+ insertion. Using a combination of X-ray diffraction, electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, we reveal a different charge compensation mechanism in a vanadyl phosphate electrode, where H+ insertion predominates in an aqueous Zn(CF3SO3)2 electrolyte. The H+ insertion induces a conformal deposition of an amorphous ZnO layer on the electrode particle, which cannot be captured by scanning electron microscopy or X-ray diffraction. Our work underlines the complexity of the charge compensation mechanism in aqueous Zn-ion batteries, which is relevant to other multivalent systems.\",\"language\":\"en\",\"urldate\":\"2024-11-01\",\"journal\":\"Journal of Materials Chemistry A\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Wang\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Jiwei\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Huang\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Heran\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Qiao\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Linna\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Wang\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Haonan\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Lee\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Krystal\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Zhou\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Guangwen\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Liu\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Hao\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"year\":\"2024\",\"pages\":\"10.1039.D4TA05214E\",\"bibtex\":\"@article{wang_unconventional_2024,\\n\\ttitle = {Unconventional charge compensation mechanism for proton insertion in aqueous {Zn}-ion batteries},\\n\\tcopyright = {All rights reserved},\\n\\tissn = {2050-7488, 2050-7496},\\n\\turl = {http://pubs.rsc.org/en/Content/ArticleLanding/2024/TA/D4TA05214E},\\n\\tdoi = {10.1039/D4TA05214E},\\n\\tabstract = {Aqueous Zn-ion batteries have been proposed as safe and economical options for large-scale energy storage. In theory, they operate by reversibly shuttling zinc ions between a metallic zinc anode and...\\n          , \\n            Aqueous Zn-ion batteries have been proposed as safe and economical options for large-scale energy storage. In theory, they operate by reversibly shuttling zinc ions between a metallic zinc anode and a cathode material for Zn2+ ion intercalation through an aqueous electrolyte of a zinc salt solution. In practice, protons (H+) in the aqueous electrolyte can compete with and even predominate Zn2+ in the intercalation reaction. A diagnostic consequence of H+, as opposed to Zn2+, insertion is the precipitation of layered double hydroxide (LDH) crystals, which can be readily identified by electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction measurements. Absence of LDH formation has been perceived as evidence for Zn2+ insertion. Using a combination of X-ray diffraction, electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, we reveal a different charge compensation mechanism in a vanadyl phosphate electrode, where H+ insertion predominates in an aqueous Zn(CF3SO3)2 electrolyte. The H+ insertion induces a conformal deposition of an amorphous ZnO layer on the electrode particle, which cannot be captured by scanning electron microscopy or X-ray diffraction. Our work underlines the complexity of the charge compensation mechanism in aqueous Zn-ion batteries, which is relevant to other multivalent systems.},\\n\\tlanguage = {en},\\n\\turldate = {2024-11-01},\\n\\tjournal = {Journal of Materials Chemistry A},\\n\\tauthor = {Wang, Jiwei and Huang, Heran and Qiao, Linna and Wang, Haonan and Lee, Krystal and Zhou, Guangwen and Liu, Hao},\\n\\tyear = {2024},\\n\\tpages = {10.1039.D4TA05214E},\\n}\\n\\n\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Wang, J.\",\"Huang, H.\",\"Qiao, L.\",\"Wang, H.\",\"Lee, K.\",\"Zhou, G.\",\"Liu, H.\"],\"key\":\"wang_unconventional_2024\",\"id\":\"wang_unconventional_2024\",\"bibbaseid\":\"wang-huang-qiao-wang-lee-zhou-liu-unconventionalchargecompensationmechanismforprotoninsertioninaqueousznionbatteries-2024\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{\"Paper\":\"http://pubs.rsc.org/en/Content/ArticleLanding/2024/TA/D4TA05214E\"},\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{\"liu, h\":\"http://chemiris.chem.binghamton.edu/LIU/pubs.html\"}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"article\",\"type\":\"article\",\"title\":\"Is surface modification effective to stabilize high-voltage cycling for layered P2-Na $_{\\\\textrm{2/3}}$ Ni $_{\\\\textrm{1/3}}$ Mn $_{\\\\textrm{2/3}}$ O $_{\\\\textrm{2}}$ cathodes?\",\"copyright\":\"All rights reserved\",\"issn\":\"1359-7345, 1364-548X\",\"url\":\"https://xlink.rsc.org/?DOI=D4CC02819H\",\"doi\":\"10.1039/D4CC02819H\",\"abstract\":\"Surface coating of Na 2/3 Ni 1/2 Mn 2/3 O 2 particles suppresses high-voltage polarization but not capacity fade, which is dominated by bulk structure degradation. , Layered transition metal oxides (TMOs), like the P2-type Na 2/3 Ni 1/3 Mn 2/3 O 2 , are promising cathodes for sodium-ion batteries but suffer rapid capacity degradation at high voltages. Surface engineering is a popular strategy to modify the high-voltage stability of cathode materials, yet its efficacy for sodium layered TMOs remains elusive, especially given the deleterious layer-gliding phase transition during high-voltage operation. Here, we examined the effect of surface coatings on the high-voltage cycling stability of Na 2/3 Ni 1/3 Mn 2/3 O 2 , finding that they suppress high-voltage polarization but do not significantly affect capacity retention, which is mainly impacted by bulk structure degradation. Hence, surface engineering must be complemented with bulk structure modification to stabilize high-voltage cycling.\",\"language\":\"en\",\"urldate\":\"2024-09-23\",\"journal\":\"Chemical Communications\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Niu\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Fangzhou\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Qiao\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Linna\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Huang\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Heran\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Odero\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Elninoh\",\"A.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Zhou\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Guangwen\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Liu\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Hao\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"year\":\"2024\",\"pages\":\"10.1039.D4CC02819H\",\"bibtex\":\"@article{niu_is_2024,\\n\\ttitle = {Is surface modification effective to stabilize high-voltage cycling for layered {P2}-{Na} $_{\\\\textrm{2/3}}$ {Ni} $_{\\\\textrm{1/3}}$ {Mn} $_{\\\\textrm{2/3}}$ {O} $_{\\\\textrm{2}}$ cathodes?},\\n\\tcopyright = {All rights reserved},\\n\\tissn = {1359-7345, 1364-548X},\\n\\turl = {https://xlink.rsc.org/?DOI=D4CC02819H},\\n\\tdoi = {10.1039/D4CC02819H},\\n\\tabstract = {Surface coating of Na\\n              2/3\\n              Ni\\n              1/2\\n              Mn\\n              2/3\\n              O\\n              2\\n              particles suppresses high-voltage polarization but not capacity fade, which is dominated by bulk structure degradation.\\n            \\n          , \\n            \\n              Layered transition metal oxides (TMOs), like the P2-type Na\\n              2/3\\n              Ni\\n              1/3\\n              Mn\\n              2/3\\n              O\\n              2\\n              , are promising cathodes for sodium-ion batteries but suffer rapid capacity degradation at high voltages. Surface engineering is a popular strategy to modify the high-voltage stability of cathode materials, yet its efficacy for sodium layered TMOs remains elusive, especially given the deleterious layer-gliding phase transition during high-voltage operation. Here, we examined the effect of surface coatings on the high-voltage cycling stability of Na\\n              2/3\\n              Ni\\n              1/3\\n              Mn\\n              2/3\\n              O\\n              2\\n              , finding that they suppress high-voltage polarization but do not significantly affect capacity retention, which is mainly impacted by bulk structure degradation. Hence, surface engineering must be complemented with bulk structure modification to stabilize high-voltage cycling.},\\n\\tlanguage = {en},\\n\\turldate = {2024-09-23},\\n\\tjournal = {Chemical Communications},\\n\\tauthor = {Niu, Fangzhou and Qiao, Linna and Huang, Heran and Odero, Elninoh A. and Zhou, Guangwen and Liu, Hao},\\n\\tyear = {2024},\\n\\tpages = {10.1039.D4CC02819H},\\n}\\n\\n\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Niu, F.\",\"Qiao, L.\",\"Huang, H.\",\"Odero, E. A.\",\"Zhou, G.\",\"Liu, H.\"],\"key\":\"niu_is_2024\",\"id\":\"niu_is_2024\",\"bibbaseid\":\"niu-qiao-huang-odero-zhou-liu-issurfacemodificationeffectivetostabilizehighvoltagecyclingforlayeredp2natextrm23nitextrm13mntextrm23otextrm2cathodes-2024\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{\"Paper\":\"https://xlink.rsc.org/?DOI=D4CC02819H\"},\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{\"liu, h\":\"http://chemiris.chem.binghamton.edu/LIU/pubs.html\"}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"article\",\"type\":\"article\",\"title\":\"Fatigue Phase Suppression in Aged High Nickel Layered Cathodes by Aluminum Substitution during Co-precipitation\",\"volume\":\"9\",\"copyright\":\"https://doi.org/10.15223/policy-029\",\"issn\":\"2380-8195, 2380-8195\",\"url\":\"https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acsenergylett.4c01199\",\"doi\":\"10.1021/acsenergylett.4c01199\",\"language\":\"en\",\"number\":\"8\",\"urldate\":\"2024-08-25\",\"journal\":\"ACS Energy Letters\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Pei\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Ben\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Zhou\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Hui\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Zong\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Yanxu\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Chen\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Xiaobo\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Zuba\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Mateusz\",\"J.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Zhou\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Guangwen\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Liu\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Hao\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Whittingham\"],\"firstnames\":[\"M.\",\"Stanley\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"month\":\"August\",\"year\":\"2024\",\"pages\":\"3913–3921\",\"bibtex\":\"@article{pei_fatigue_2024,\\n\\ttitle = {Fatigue {Phase} {Suppression} in {Aged} {High} {Nickel} {Layered} {Cathodes} by {Aluminum} {Substitution} during {Co}-precipitation},\\n\\tvolume = {9},\\n\\tcopyright = {https://doi.org/10.15223/policy-029},\\n\\tissn = {2380-8195, 2380-8195},\\n\\turl = {https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acsenergylett.4c01199},\\n\\tdoi = {10.1021/acsenergylett.4c01199},\\n\\tlanguage = {en},\\n\\tnumber = {8},\\n\\turldate = {2024-08-25},\\n\\tjournal = {ACS Energy Letters},\\n\\tauthor = {Pei, Ben and Zhou, Hui and Zong, Yanxu and Chen, Xiaobo and Zuba, Mateusz J. and Zhou, Guangwen and Liu, Hao and Whittingham, M. Stanley},\\n\\tmonth = aug,\\n\\tyear = {2024},\\n\\tpages = {3913--3921},\\n}\\n\\n\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Pei, B.\",\"Zhou, H.\",\"Zong, Y.\",\"Chen, X.\",\"Zuba, M. J.\",\"Zhou, G.\",\"Liu, H.\",\"Whittingham, M. S.\"],\"key\":\"pei_fatigue_2024\",\"id\":\"pei_fatigue_2024\",\"bibbaseid\":\"pei-zhou-zong-chen-zuba-zhou-liu-whittingham-fatiguephasesuppressioninagedhighnickellayeredcathodesbyaluminumsubstitutionduringcoprecipitation-2024\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{\"Paper\":\"https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acsenergylett.4c01199\"},\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{\"liu, h\":\"http://chemiris.chem.binghamton.edu/LIU/pubs.html\"}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"article\",\"type\":\"article\",\"title\":\"Efficacy of atomic layer deposition of Al2O3 on composite LiNi0.8Mn0.1Co0.1O2 electrode for Li-ion batteries\",\"volume\":\"14\",\"copyright\":\"All rights reserved\",\"issn\":\"2045-2322\",\"url\":\"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-024-69330-6\",\"doi\":\"10.1038/s41598-024-69330-6\",\"language\":\"en\",\"number\":\"1\",\"urldate\":\"2024-08-16\",\"journal\":\"Scientific Reports\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Huang\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Heran\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Qiao\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Linna\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Zhou\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Hui\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Tang\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Yalun\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Wahila\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Matthew\",\"J.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Liu\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Haodong\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Liu\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Ping\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Zhou\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Guangwen\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Smeu\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Manuel\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Liu\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Hao\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"month\":\"August\",\"year\":\"2024\",\"pages\":\"18180\",\"bibtex\":\"@article{huang_efficacy_2024,\\n\\ttitle = {Efficacy of atomic layer deposition of {Al2O3} on composite {LiNi0}.{8Mn0}.{1Co0}.{1O2} electrode for {Li}-ion batteries},\\n\\tvolume = {14},\\n\\tcopyright = {All rights reserved},\\n\\tissn = {2045-2322},\\n\\turl = {https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-024-69330-6},\\n\\tdoi = {10.1038/s41598-024-69330-6},\\n\\tlanguage = {en},\\n\\tnumber = {1},\\n\\turldate = {2024-08-16},\\n\\tjournal = {Scientific Reports},\\n\\tauthor = {Huang, Heran and Qiao, Linna and Zhou, Hui and Tang, Yalun and Wahila, Matthew J. and Liu, Haodong and Liu, Ping and Zhou, Guangwen and Smeu, Manuel and Liu, Hao},\\n\\tmonth = aug,\\n\\tyear = {2024},\\n\\tpages = {18180},\\n}\\n\\n\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Huang, H.\",\"Qiao, L.\",\"Zhou, H.\",\"Tang, Y.\",\"Wahila, M. J.\",\"Liu, H.\",\"Liu, P.\",\"Zhou, G.\",\"Smeu, M.\",\"Liu, H.\"],\"key\":\"huang_efficacy_2024\",\"id\":\"huang_efficacy_2024\",\"bibbaseid\":\"huang-qiao-zhou-tang-wahila-liu-liu-zhou-etal-efficacyofatomiclayerdepositionofal2o3oncompositelini08mn01co01o2electrodeforliionbatteries-2024\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{\"Paper\":\"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-024-69330-6\"},\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{\"liu, h\":\"http://chemiris.chem.binghamton.edu/LIU/pubs.html\"}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"article\",\"type\":\"article\",\"title\":\"Electrolyte reactivity, oxygen states, and degradation mechanisms of nickel-rich cathodes\",\"volume\":\"5\",\"copyright\":\"All rights reserved\",\"issn\":\"26663864\",\"url\":\"https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S2666386424003084\",\"doi\":\"10.1016/j.xcrp.2024.102039\",\"language\":\"en\",\"number\":\"6\",\"urldate\":\"2024-06-30\",\"journal\":\"Cell Reports Physical Science\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Peiris\"],\"firstnames\":[\"M.D.\",\"Hashan\",\"C.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Liepinya\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Diana\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Liu\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Hao\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Smeu\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Manuel\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"month\":\"June\",\"year\":\"2024\",\"pages\":\"102039\",\"bibtex\":\"@article{peiris_electrolyte_2024,\\n\\ttitle = {Electrolyte reactivity, oxygen states, and degradation mechanisms of nickel-rich cathodes},\\n\\tvolume = {5},\\n\\tcopyright = {All rights reserved},\\n\\tissn = {26663864},\\n\\turl = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S2666386424003084},\\n\\tdoi = {10.1016/j.xcrp.2024.102039},\\n\\tlanguage = {en},\\n\\tnumber = {6},\\n\\turldate = {2024-06-30},\\n\\tjournal = {Cell Reports Physical Science},\\n\\tauthor = {Peiris, M.D. Hashan C. and Liepinya, Diana and Liu, Hao and Smeu, Manuel},\\n\\tmonth = jun,\\n\\tyear = {2024},\\n\\tpages = {102039},\\n}\\n\\n\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Peiris, M. H. C.\",\"Liepinya, D.\",\"Liu, H.\",\"Smeu, M.\"],\"key\":\"peiris_electrolyte_2024\",\"id\":\"peiris_electrolyte_2024\",\"bibbaseid\":\"peiris-liepinya-liu-smeu-electrolytereactivityoxygenstatesanddegradationmechanismsofnickelrichcathodes-2024\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{\"Paper\":\"https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S2666386424003084\"},\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{\"liu, h\":\"http://chemiris.chem.binghamton.edu/LIU/pubs.html\"}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"article\",\"type\":\"article\",\"title\":\"Unraveling the Multielectron Redox Reactions of β-VOPO $_{\\\\textrm{4}}$ for Sodium Ion Batteries\",\"copyright\":\"All rights reserved\",\"issn\":\"0897-4756, 1520-5002\",\"url\":\"https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.chemmater.3c02294\",\"doi\":\"10.1021/acs.chemmater.3c02294\",\"language\":\"en\",\"urldate\":\"2023-11-05\",\"journal\":\"Chemistry of Materials\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Wang\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Jiwei\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Lee\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Krystal\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Whittingham\"],\"firstnames\":[\"M.\",\"Stanley\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Liu\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Hao\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"month\":\"November\",\"year\":\"2023\",\"pages\":\"acs.chemmater.3c02294\",\"bibtex\":\"@article{wang_unraveling_2023,\\n\\ttitle = {Unraveling the {Multielectron} {Redox} {Reactions} of β-{VOPO} $_{\\\\textrm{4}}$ for {Sodium} {Ion} {Batteries}},\\n\\tcopyright = {All rights reserved},\\n\\tissn = {0897-4756, 1520-5002},\\n\\turl = {https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.chemmater.3c02294},\\n\\tdoi = {10.1021/acs.chemmater.3c02294},\\n\\tlanguage = {en},\\n\\turldate = {2023-11-05},\\n\\tjournal = {Chemistry of Materials},\\n\\tauthor = {Wang, Jiwei and Lee, Krystal and Whittingham, M. Stanley and Liu, Hao},\\n\\tmonth = nov,\\n\\tyear = {2023},\\n\\tpages = {acs.chemmater.3c02294},\\n}\\n\\n\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Wang, J.\",\"Lee, K.\",\"Whittingham, M. S.\",\"Liu, H.\"],\"key\":\"wang_unraveling_2023\",\"id\":\"wang_unraveling_2023\",\"bibbaseid\":\"wang-lee-whittingham-liu-unravelingthemultielectronredoxreactionsofvopotextrm4forsodiumionbatteries-2023\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{\"Paper\":\"https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.chemmater.3c02294\"},\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{\"liu, h\":\"http://chemiris.chem.binghamton.edu/LIU/pubs.html\"}},\"downloads\":2,\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"article\",\"type\":\"article\",\"title\":\"Complex defect chemistry of hydrothermally-synthesized Nb-substituted β′-LiVOPO $_{\\\\textrm{4}}$\",\"volume\":\"11\",\"copyright\":\"All rights reserved\",\"issn\":\"2050-7488, 2050-7496\",\"url\":\"http://xlink.rsc.org/?DOI=D3TA01152F\",\"doi\":\"10.1039/D3TA01152F\",\"abstract\":\"Nb substitution via hydrothermal synthesis led to a new β′-LiVOPO 4 phase with complex defect chemistries. The samples showed improved high-voltage rate capabilities and an enlarged voltage hysteresis due to a partial V 4+ /V 3+ redox reaction. , Lithium vanadyl phosphate (LiVOPO 4 ) is a next-generation multielectron battery cathode that can intercalate up to two Li-ions per V-ion through the redox couples of V 4+ /V 3+ and V 5+ /V 4+ . However, its rate capacity is undermined by the sluggish Li-ion diffusion in the high-voltage region (4 V for V 5+ /V 4+ redox). Nb substitution was used to expand the crystal lattice to facilitate Li-ion diffusion. In this work, Nb substitution was achieved via hydrothermal synthesis, which resulted in a new, lower symmetry β′-LiVOPO 4 phase with preferential Nb occupation of one of the two V sites. This phase presents complex defect chemistries, including cation vacancies and hydrogen interstitials, characterized by a combination of X-ray and neutron diffraction, elemental and thermogravimetric analyses, X-ray absorption spectroscopy, and magnetic susceptibility measurements. The Nb-substituted samples demonstrated improved capacity retention and rate capabilities in the high-voltage region, albeit an enlarged voltage hysteresis related to a partial V 4+ /V 3+ redox reaction, as evidenced by ex situ X-ray absorption spectroscopy and pair distribution function analysis. This work highlights the importance of understanding the complex defect chemistry and its consequence on electrochemistry in polyanionic intercalation compounds.\",\"language\":\"en\",\"number\":\"20\",\"urldate\":\"2023-10-11\",\"journal\":\"Journal of Materials Chemistry A\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Lee\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Krystal\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Zhou\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Hui\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Zuba\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Mateusz\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Kaplan\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Carol\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Zong\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Yanxu\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Qiao\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Linna\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Zhou\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Guangwen\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Chernova\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Natasha\",\"A.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Liu\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Hao\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Whittingham\"],\"firstnames\":[\"M.\",\"Stanley\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"year\":\"2023\",\"pages\":\"10834–10849\",\"bibtex\":\"@article{lee_complex_2023,\\n\\ttitle = {Complex defect chemistry of hydrothermally-synthesized {Nb}-substituted β′-{LiVOPO} $_{\\\\textrm{4}}$},\\n\\tvolume = {11},\\n\\tcopyright = {All rights reserved},\\n\\tissn = {2050-7488, 2050-7496},\\n\\turl = {http://xlink.rsc.org/?DOI=D3TA01152F},\\n\\tdoi = {10.1039/D3TA01152F},\\n\\tabstract = {Nb substitution\\n              via\\n              hydrothermal synthesis led to a new β′-LiVOPO\\n              4\\n              phase with complex defect chemistries. The samples showed improved high-voltage rate capabilities and an enlarged voltage hysteresis due to a partial V\\n              4+\\n              /V\\n              3+\\n              redox reaction.\\n            \\n          , \\n            \\n              Lithium vanadyl phosphate (LiVOPO\\n              4\\n              ) is a next-generation multielectron battery cathode that can intercalate up to two Li-ions per V-ion through the redox couples of V\\n              4+\\n              /V\\n              3+\\n              and V\\n              5+\\n              /V\\n              4+\\n              . However, its rate capacity is undermined by the sluggish Li-ion diffusion in the high-voltage region (4 V for V\\n              5+\\n              /V\\n              4+\\n              redox). Nb substitution was used to expand the crystal lattice to facilitate Li-ion diffusion. In this work, Nb substitution was achieved\\n              via\\n              hydrothermal synthesis, which resulted in a new, lower symmetry β′-LiVOPO\\n              4\\n              phase with preferential Nb occupation of one of the two V sites. This phase presents complex defect chemistries, including cation vacancies and hydrogen interstitials, characterized by a combination of X-ray and neutron diffraction, elemental and thermogravimetric analyses, X-ray absorption spectroscopy, and magnetic susceptibility measurements. The Nb-substituted samples demonstrated improved capacity retention and rate capabilities in the high-voltage region, albeit an enlarged voltage hysteresis related to a partial V\\n              4+\\n              /V\\n              3+\\n              redox reaction, as evidenced by\\n              ex situ\\n              X-ray absorption spectroscopy and pair distribution function analysis. This work highlights the importance of understanding the complex defect chemistry and its consequence on electrochemistry in polyanionic intercalation compounds.},\\n\\tlanguage = {en},\\n\\tnumber = {20},\\n\\turldate = {2023-10-11},\\n\\tjournal = {Journal of Materials Chemistry A},\\n\\tauthor = {Lee, Krystal and Zhou, Hui and Zuba, Mateusz and Kaplan, Carol and Zong, Yanxu and Qiao, Linna and Zhou, Guangwen and Chernova, Natasha A. and Liu, Hao and Whittingham, M. Stanley},\\n\\tyear = {2023},\\n\\tpages = {10834--10849},\\n}\\n\\n\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Lee, K.\",\"Zhou, H.\",\"Zuba, M.\",\"Kaplan, C.\",\"Zong, Y.\",\"Qiao, L.\",\"Zhou, G.\",\"Chernova, N. A.\",\"Liu, H.\",\"Whittingham, M. S.\"],\"key\":\"lee_complex_2023\",\"id\":\"lee_complex_2023\",\"bibbaseid\":\"lee-zhou-zuba-kaplan-zong-qiao-zhou-chernova-etal-complexdefectchemistryofhydrothermallysynthesizednbsubstitutedlivopotextrm4-2023\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{\"Paper\":\"http://xlink.rsc.org/?DOI=D3TA01152F\"},\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{\"liu, h\":\"http://chemiris.chem.binghamton.edu/LIU/pubs.html\"}},\"downloads\":1,\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"article\",\"type\":\"article\",\"title\":\"Intrinsic Kinetic Limitations in Substituted Lithium-Layered Transition-Metal Oxide Electrodes\",\"volume\":\"142\",\"copyright\":\"All rights reserved\",\"url\":\"https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jacs.9b13551\",\"doi\":\"10.1021/jacs.9b13551\",\"abstract\":\"Substituted Li-layered transition-metal oxide (LTMO) electrodes such as Li x Ni y Mn z Co 1−y−z O 2 (NMC) and Li x Ni y Co 1−y−z Al z O 2 (NCA) show reduced first cycle Coulombic efficiency (90−87% under standard cycling conditions) in comparison with the archetypal Li x CoO 2 (LCO; ∼98% efficiency). Focusing on Li x Ni 0.8 Co 0.15 Al 0.05 O 2 as a model compound, we use operando synchrotron X-ray diffraction (XRD) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy to demonstrate that the apparent first-cycle capacity loss is a kinetic effect linked to limited Li mobility at x \\\\textgreater 0.88, with near full capacity recovered during a potentiostatic hold following the galvanostatic charge− discharge cycle. This kinetic capacity loss, unlike many capacity losses in LTMOs, is independent of the cutoff voltage during delithiation and it is a reversible process. The kinetic limitation manifests not only as the kinetic capacity loss during discharge but as a subtle bimodal compositional distribution early in charge and, also, a dramatic increase of the charge−discharge voltage hysteresis at x \\\\textgreater 0.88. 7 Li NMR measurements indicate that the kinetic limitation reflects limited Li transport at x \\\\textgreater 0.86. Electrochemical measurements on a wider range of LTMOs including Li x (Ni,Fe) y Co 1−y O 2 suggest that 5% substitution is sufficient to induce the kinetic limitation and that the effect is not limited to Ni substitution. We outline how, in addition to a reduction in the number of Li vacancies and shrinkage of the Li-layer size, the intrinsic charge storage mechanism (two-phase vs solid-solution) and localization of charge give rise to additional kinetic barriers in NCA and nonmetallic LTMOs in general.\",\"number\":\"15\",\"urldate\":\"2020-04-08\",\"journal\":\"Journal of American Chemical Society\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Grenier\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Antonin\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Reeves\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Philip\",\"J\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Liu\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Hao\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Seymour\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Ieuan\",\"D\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Mä\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Katharina\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Wiaderek\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Kamila\",\"M\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Chupas\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Peter\",\"J\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Grey\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Clare\",\"P\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Chapman\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Karena\",\"W\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"month\":\"March\",\"year\":\"2020\",\"pages\":\"7001–7011\",\"bibtex\":\"@article{grenier_intrinsic_2020,\\n\\ttitle = {Intrinsic {Kinetic} {Limitations} in {Substituted} {Lithium}-{Layered} {Transition}-{Metal} {Oxide} {Electrodes}},\\n\\tvolume = {142},\\n\\tcopyright = {All rights reserved},\\n\\turl = {https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jacs.9b13551},\\n\\tdoi = {10.1021/jacs.9b13551},\\n\\tabstract = {Substituted Li-layered transition-metal oxide (LTMO) electrodes such as Li x Ni y Mn z Co 1−y−z O 2 (NMC) and Li x Ni y Co 1−y−z Al z O 2 (NCA) show reduced first cycle Coulombic efficiency (90−87\\\\% under standard cycling conditions) in comparison with the archetypal Li x CoO 2 (LCO; ∼98\\\\% efficiency). Focusing on Li x Ni 0.8 Co 0.15 Al 0.05 O 2 as a model compound, we use operando synchrotron X-ray diffraction (XRD) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy to demonstrate that the apparent first-cycle capacity loss is a kinetic effect linked to limited Li mobility at x {\\\\textgreater} 0.88, with near full capacity recovered during a potentiostatic hold following the galvanostatic charge− discharge cycle. This kinetic capacity loss, unlike many capacity losses in LTMOs, is independent of the cutoff voltage during delithiation and it is a reversible process. The kinetic limitation manifests not only as the kinetic capacity loss during discharge but as a subtle bimodal compositional distribution early in charge and, also, a dramatic increase of the charge−discharge voltage hysteresis at x {\\\\textgreater} 0.88. 7 Li NMR measurements indicate that the kinetic limitation reflects limited Li transport at x {\\\\textgreater} 0.86. Electrochemical measurements on a wider range of LTMOs including Li x (Ni,Fe) y Co 1−y O 2 suggest that 5\\\\% substitution is sufficient to induce the kinetic limitation and that the effect is not limited to Ni substitution. We outline how, in addition to a reduction in the number of Li vacancies and shrinkage of the Li-layer size, the intrinsic charge storage mechanism (two-phase vs solid-solution) and localization of charge give rise to additional kinetic barriers in NCA and nonmetallic LTMOs in general.},\\n\\tnumber = {15},\\n\\turldate = {2020-04-08},\\n\\tjournal = {Journal of American Chemical Society},\\n\\tauthor = {Grenier, Antonin and Reeves, Philip J and Liu, Hao and Seymour, Ieuan D and Mä, Katharina and Wiaderek, Kamila M and Chupas, Peter J and Grey, Clare P and Chapman, Karena W},\\n\\tmonth = mar,\\n\\tyear = {2020},\\n\\tpages = {7001--7011},\\n}\\n\\n\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Grenier, A.\",\"Reeves, P. J\",\"Liu, H.\",\"Seymour, I. D\",\"Mä, K.\",\"Wiaderek, K. M\",\"Chupas, P. J\",\"Grey, C. P\",\"Chapman, K. W\"],\"key\":\"grenier_intrinsic_2020\",\"id\":\"grenier_intrinsic_2020\",\"bibbaseid\":\"grenier-reeves-liu-seymour-m-wiaderek-chupas-grey-etal-intrinsickineticlimitationsinsubstitutedlithiumlayeredtransitionmetaloxideelectrodes-2020\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{\"Paper\":\"https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jacs.9b13551\"},\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{\"liu, h\":\"http://chemiris.chem.binghamton.edu/LIU/pubs.html\"}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"article\",\"type\":\"article\",\"title\":\"Carbon Foam/CaCl $_{\\\\textrm{2}}$ ·6H $_{\\\\textrm{2}}$ O Composite as a Phase-Change Material for Thermal Energy Storage\",\"copyright\":\"All rights reserved\",\"issn\":\"0887-0624, 1520-5029\",\"url\":\"https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.energyfuels.3c01275\",\"doi\":\"10.1021/acs.energyfuels.3c01275\",\"abstract\":\"Inorganic salt hydrates are promising phase-change materials (PCMs) for thermal energy storage due to their high latent heat of fusion. However, their practical application is often limited by their unstable form, dehydration, large supercooling, and low thermal conductivity. Porous melamine foam and its carbonized derivatives are potential supporting porous materials to encapsulate inorganic salt hydrate PCMs to address these problems. This work investigates the effect of pyrolysis temperature on the morphology and structure of the carbonized foams and their thermal energy storage performance. Pyrolysis of melamine foam at 700−900 °C leads to the formation of crystalline sodium cyanate and sodium carbonate particles on the foam skeleton surface, which allows the spontaneous impregnation of the carbon foam with molten CaCl2·6H2O. The form-stable foam-CaCl2·6H2O composite effectively suppresses supercooling and dehydration, demonstrating the efficacy of carbon foam as a promising supporting material for inorganic salt hydrate PCMs.\",\"language\":\"en\",\"urldate\":\"2023-08-03\",\"journal\":\"Energy & Fuels\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Jing\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Yikang\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Dixit\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Kunal\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Schiffres\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Scott\",\"N.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Liu\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Hao\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"month\":\"July\",\"year\":\"2023\",\"pages\":\"acs.energyfuels.3c01275\",\"bibtex\":\"@article{jing_carbon_2023,\\n\\ttitle = {Carbon {Foam}/{CaCl} $_{\\\\textrm{2}}$ ·{6H} $_{\\\\textrm{2}}$ {O} {Composite} as a {Phase}-{Change} {Material} for {Thermal} {Energy} {Storage}},\\n\\tcopyright = {All rights reserved},\\n\\tissn = {0887-0624, 1520-5029},\\n\\turl = {https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.energyfuels.3c01275},\\n\\tdoi = {10.1021/acs.energyfuels.3c01275},\\n\\tabstract = {Inorganic salt hydrates are promising phase-change materials (PCMs) for thermal energy storage due to their high latent heat of fusion. However, their practical application is often limited by their unstable form, dehydration, large supercooling, and low thermal conductivity. Porous melamine foam and its carbonized derivatives are potential supporting porous materials to encapsulate inorganic salt hydrate PCMs to address these problems. This work investigates the effect of pyrolysis temperature on the morphology and structure of the carbonized foams and their thermal energy storage performance. Pyrolysis of melamine foam at 700−900 °C leads to the formation of crystalline sodium cyanate and sodium carbonate particles on the foam skeleton surface, which allows the spontaneous impregnation of the carbon foam with molten CaCl2·6H2O. The form-stable foam-CaCl2·6H2O composite effectively suppresses supercooling and dehydration, demonstrating the efficacy of carbon foam as a promising supporting material for inorganic salt hydrate PCMs.},\\n\\tlanguage = {en},\\n\\turldate = {2023-08-03},\\n\\tjournal = {Energy \\\\& Fuels},\\n\\tauthor = {Jing, Yikang and Dixit, Kunal and Schiffres, Scott N. and Liu, Hao},\\n\\tmonth = jul,\\n\\tyear = {2023},\\n\\tpages = {acs.energyfuels.3c01275},\\n}\\n\\n\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Jing, Y.\",\"Dixit, K.\",\"Schiffres, S. N.\",\"Liu, H.\"],\"key\":\"jing_carbon_2023\",\"id\":\"jing_carbon_2023\",\"bibbaseid\":\"jing-dixit-schiffres-liu-carbonfoamcacltextrm26htextrm2ocompositeasaphasechangematerialforthermalenergystorage-2023\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{\"Paper\":\"https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.energyfuels.3c01275\"},\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{\"liu, h\":\"http://chemiris.chem.binghamton.edu/LIU/pubs.html\"}},\"downloads\":4,\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"article\",\"type\":\"article\",\"title\":\"Oxygen Loss in Layered Oxide Cathodes for Li-Ion Batteries: Mechanisms, Effects, and Mitigation\",\"volume\":\"122\",\"copyright\":\"All rights reserved\",\"issn\":\"0009-2665\",\"doi\":\"10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00327\",\"abstract\":\"Layered lithium transition metal oxides derived from LiMO2 (M = Co, Ni, Mn, etc.) have been widely adopted as the cathode of Li-ion batteries for portable electronics, electric vehicles and energy storage. Oxygen loss in the layered oxides is one of the major reasons leading to the cycling-induced structural degradation and its associated fade in electrochemical performance. Herein, we review recent progress in understanding the phenomena of oxygen loss and resulting structural degradation in layered oxide cathodes. We first present the major driving forces leading to the oxygen loss and then describe the associated structural degradation resulting from the oxygen loss. We follow this analysis with a discussion of the kinetic pathways that enable oxygen loss, and then we address the resulting electrochemical fade. Finally, we review the possible approaches towards mitigating oxygen loss and the associated electrochemical fade, as well as detailing novel analytical methods for probing the oxygen loss.\",\"number\":\"6\",\"journal\":\"Chemical Reviews\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Zhang\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Hanlei\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Liu\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Hao\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Piper\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Louis\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Whittingham\"],\"firstnames\":[\"M.\",\"Stanley\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Zhou\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Guangwen\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"month\":\"January\",\"year\":\"2022\",\"pages\":\"5641–5681\",\"bibtex\":\"@article{zhang_oxygen_2022,\\n\\ttitle = {Oxygen {Loss} in {Layered} {Oxide} {Cathodes} for {Li}-{Ion} {Batteries}: {Mechanisms}, {Effects}, and {Mitigation}},\\n\\tvolume = {122},\\n\\tcopyright = {All rights reserved},\\n\\tissn = {0009-2665},\\n\\tdoi = {10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00327},\\n\\tabstract = {Layered lithium transition metal oxides derived from LiMO2 (M = Co, Ni, Mn, etc.) have been widely adopted as the cathode of Li-ion batteries for portable electronics, electric vehicles and energy storage. Oxygen loss in the layered oxides is one of the major reasons leading to the cycling-induced structural degradation and its associated fade in electrochemical performance. Herein, we review recent progress in understanding the phenomena of oxygen loss and resulting structural degradation in layered oxide cathodes. We first present the major driving forces leading to the oxygen loss and then describe the associated structural degradation resulting from the oxygen loss. We follow this analysis with a discussion of the kinetic pathways that enable oxygen loss, and then we address the resulting electrochemical fade. Finally, we review the possible approaches towards mitigating oxygen loss and the associated electrochemical fade, as well as detailing novel analytical methods for probing the oxygen loss.},\\n\\tnumber = {6},\\n\\tjournal = {Chemical Reviews},\\n\\tauthor = {Zhang, Hanlei and Liu, Hao and Piper, Louis and Whittingham, M. Stanley and Zhou, Guangwen},\\n\\tmonth = jan,\\n\\tyear = {2022},\\n\\tpages = {5641--5681},\\n}\\n\\n\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Zhang, H.\",\"Liu, H.\",\"Piper, L.\",\"Whittingham, M. S.\",\"Zhou, G.\"],\"key\":\"zhang_oxygen_2022\",\"id\":\"zhang_oxygen_2022\",\"bibbaseid\":\"zhang-liu-piper-whittingham-zhou-oxygenlossinlayeredoxidecathodesforliionbatteriesmechanismseffectsandmitigation-2022\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{},\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{\"liu, h\":\"http://chemiris.chem.binghamton.edu/LIU/pubs.html\"}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"article\",\"type\":\"article\",\"title\":\"Identifying the Distribution of Al$^{\\\\textrm{3+}}$ in LiNi$_{\\\\textrm{0.8}}$Co$_{\\\\textrm{0.15}}$Al$_{\\\\textrm{0.05}}$O$_{\\\\textrm{2}}$\",\"volume\":\"28\",\"copyright\":\"All rights reserved\",\"issn\":\"0897-4756\",\"doi\":\"10.1021/acs.chemmater.6b02797\",\"abstract\":\"The doping of Al into layered Li transition metal (TM) oxide cathode materials, LiTMO$_{\\\\textrm{2}}$, is known to improve the structural and thermal stability, although the origin of the enhanced properties is not well understood. The effect of aluminum doping on layer stabilization has been investigated using a combination of techniques to measure the aluminum distribution in layered LiNi$_{\\\\textrm{0.8}}$Co$_{\\\\textrm{0.15}}$Al$_{\\\\textrm{0.05}}$O$_{\\\\textrm{2}}$ (NCA) over multiple length scales with $^{\\\\textrm{27}}$Al and $^{\\\\textrm{7}}$Li MAS NMR, local electrode atom probe (APT) tomography, X-ray and neutron diffraction, DFT, and SQUID magnetic susceptibility measurements. APT ion maps show a homogenous distribution of Ni, Co, Al and O$_{\\\\textrm{2}}$ throughout the structure at the single particle level in agreement with the high-temperature phase diagram. $^{\\\\textrm{7}}$Li and $^{\\\\textrm{27}}$Al NMR indicates that the Ni3+ ions undergo a dynamic Jahn-Teller (JT) distortion. $^{\\\\textrm{27}}$Al NMR spectra indicate that the Al reduces the strain associated with the JT distortion, by preferential electronic ordering of the JT long bonds directed toward the Al$^{\\\\textrm{3+}}$ ion. The ability to understand the complex atomic and orbital ordering around Al$^{\\\\textrm{3+}}$ demonstrated in the current method will be useful for studying the local environment of Al$^{\\\\textrm{3+}}$ in a range of transition metal oxide battery materials.\",\"number\":\"22\",\"journal\":\"Chemistry of Materials\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Trease\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Nicole\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Seymour\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Ieuan\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Radin\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Maxwell\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Liu\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Haodong\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Liu\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Hao\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Hy\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Sunny\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Chernova\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Natasha\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Parikh\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Pritesh\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Devaraj\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Arun\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Wiaderek\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Kamila\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Chupas\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Peter\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Chapman\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Karena\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Whittingham\"],\"firstnames\":[\"M.\",\"Stanley\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Meng\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Ying\",\"Shirley\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[\"Van\",\"der\"],\"lastnames\":[\"Ven\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Anton\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Grey\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Clare\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"month\":\"October\",\"year\":\"2016\",\"pages\":\"8170 – 8180\",\"bibtex\":\"@article{trease_identifying_2016,\\n\\ttitle = {Identifying the {Distribution} of {Al}$^{\\\\textrm{3+}}$ in {LiNi}$_{\\\\textrm{0.8}}${Co}$_{\\\\textrm{0.15}}${Al}$_{\\\\textrm{0.05}}${O}$_{\\\\textrm{2}}$},\\n\\tvolume = {28},\\n\\tcopyright = {All rights reserved},\\n\\tissn = {0897-4756},\\n\\tdoi = {10.1021/acs.chemmater.6b02797},\\n\\tabstract = {The doping of Al into layered Li transition metal (TM) oxide cathode materials, LiTMO$_{\\\\textrm{2}}$, is known to improve the structural and thermal stability, although the origin of the enhanced properties is not well understood. The effect of aluminum doping on layer stabilization has been investigated using a combination of techniques to measure the aluminum distribution in layered LiNi$_{\\\\textrm{0.8}}$Co$_{\\\\textrm{0.15}}$Al$_{\\\\textrm{0.05}}$O$_{\\\\textrm{2}}$ (NCA) over multiple length scales with $^{\\\\textrm{27}}$Al and $^{\\\\textrm{7}}$Li MAS NMR, local electrode atom probe (APT) tomography, X-ray and neutron diffraction, DFT, and SQUID magnetic susceptibility measurements. APT ion maps show a homogenous distribution of Ni, Co, Al and O$_{\\\\textrm{2}}$ throughout the structure at the single particle level in agreement with the high-temperature phase diagram. $^{\\\\textrm{7}}$Li and $^{\\\\textrm{27}}$Al NMR indicates that the Ni3+ ions undergo a dynamic Jahn-Teller (JT) distortion. $^{\\\\textrm{27}}$Al NMR spectra indicate that the Al reduces the strain associated with the JT distortion, by preferential electronic ordering of the JT long bonds directed toward the Al$^{\\\\textrm{3+}}$ ion. The ability to understand the complex atomic and orbital ordering around Al$^{\\\\textrm{3+}}$ demonstrated in the current method will be useful for studying the local environment of Al$^{\\\\textrm{3+}}$ in a range of transition metal oxide battery materials.},\\n\\tnumber = {22},\\n\\tjournal = {Chemistry of Materials},\\n\\tauthor = {Trease, Nicole and Seymour, Ieuan and Radin, Maxwell and Liu, Haodong and Liu, Hao and Hy, Sunny and Chernova, Natasha and Parikh, Pritesh and Devaraj, Arun and Wiaderek, Kamila and Chupas, Peter and Chapman, Karena and Whittingham, M. Stanley and Meng, Ying Shirley and Van der Ven, Anton and Grey, Clare},\\n\\tmonth = oct,\\n\\tyear = {2016},\\n\\tpages = {8170 -- 8180},\\n}\\n\\n\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Trease, N.\",\"Seymour, I.\",\"Radin, M.\",\"Liu, H.\",\"Liu, H.\",\"Hy, S.\",\"Chernova, N.\",\"Parikh, P.\",\"Devaraj, A.\",\"Wiaderek, K.\",\"Chupas, P.\",\"Chapman, K.\",\"Whittingham, M. S.\",\"Meng, Y. S.\",\"Van der Ven, A.\",\"Grey, C.\"],\"key\":\"trease_identifying_2016\",\"id\":\"trease_identifying_2016\",\"bibbaseid\":\"trease-seymour-radin-liu-liu-hy-chernova-parikh-etal-identifyingthedistributionofaltextrm3inlinitextrm08cotextrm015altextrm005otextrm2-2016\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{},\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{\"liu, h\":\"http://chemiris.chem.binghamton.edu/LIU/pubs.html\"}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"article\",\"type\":\"article\",\"title\":\"Reaction Mechanism of Na-Ion Deintercalation in Na$_{\\\\textrm{2}}$CoSiO$_{\\\\textrm{4}}$\",\"volume\":\"126\",\"copyright\":\"All rights reserved\",\"issn\":\"1932-7447\",\"doi\":\"10.1021/acs.jpcc.2c05314\",\"abstract\":\"Sodium transition metal silicates are potential candidate electrode materials to enable two-electron redox per transition metal ion center. Yet, the electrochemical reaction mechanism remains elusive despite the widely reported electrochemical activity for this class of materials as intercalation cathodes for Na-ion batteries. Adopting monoclinic Na$_{\\\\textrm{2}}$CoSiO$_{\\\\textrm{4}}$ as a model compound, we used high-resolution synchrotron X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray pair distribution function (PDF) analysis to elucidate the structure of the partially de-sodiated Na$_{\\\\textrm{2-x}}$CoSiO$_{\\\\textrm{4}}$ phases for the Co$^{\\\\textrm{3+}}$/Co$^{\\\\textrm{2+}}$ redox couple. The appearance of satellite reflections in the intermediate Na$_{\\\\textrm{1.5}}$CoSiO$_{\\\\textrm{4}}$ and NaCoSiO$_{\\\\textrm{4}}$ phases manifests the formation of modulated structures, which are induced by Na$^{\\\\textrm{+}}$/vacancy and Co$^{\\\\textrm{2+}}$/Co$^{\\\\textrm{3+}}$ charge orderings. Accounting for these structural orderings is important to understand the function and performance of sodium transition metal silicate electrodes.\",\"number\":\"40\",\"journal\":\"The Journal of Physical Chemistry C\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Wang\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Jiwei\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Hoteling\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Grayson\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Shepard\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Robert\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Wahila\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Matthew\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Wang\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Fei\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Smeu\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Manuel\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Liu\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Hao\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"month\":\"October\",\"year\":\"2022\",\"pages\":\"16983 – 16992\",\"bibtex\":\"@article{wang_reaction_2022,\\n\\ttitle = {Reaction {Mechanism} of {Na}-{Ion} {Deintercalation} in {Na}$_{\\\\textrm{2}}${CoSiO}$_{\\\\textrm{4}}$},\\n\\tvolume = {126},\\n\\tcopyright = {All rights reserved},\\n\\tissn = {1932-7447},\\n\\tdoi = {10.1021/acs.jpcc.2c05314},\\n\\tabstract = {Sodium transition metal silicates are potential candidate electrode materials to enable two-electron redox per transition metal ion center. Yet, the electrochemical reaction mechanism remains elusive despite the widely reported electrochemical activity for this class of materials as intercalation cathodes for Na-ion batteries. Adopting monoclinic Na$_{\\\\textrm{2}}$CoSiO$_{\\\\textrm{4}}$ as a model compound, we used high-resolution synchrotron X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray pair distribution function (PDF) analysis to elucidate the structure of the partially de-sodiated Na$_{\\\\textrm{2-x}}$CoSiO$_{\\\\textrm{4}}$ phases for the Co$^{\\\\textrm{3+}}$/Co$^{\\\\textrm{2+}}$ redox couple. The appearance of satellite reflections in the intermediate Na$_{\\\\textrm{1.5}}$CoSiO$_{\\\\textrm{4}}$ and NaCoSiO$_{\\\\textrm{4}}$ phases manifests the formation of modulated structures, which are induced by Na$^{\\\\textrm{+}}$/vacancy and Co$^{\\\\textrm{2+}}$/Co$^{\\\\textrm{3+}}$ charge orderings. Accounting for these structural orderings is important to understand the function and performance of sodium transition metal silicate electrodes.},\\n\\tnumber = {40},\\n\\tjournal = {The Journal of Physical Chemistry C},\\n\\tauthor = {Wang, Jiwei and Hoteling, Grayson and Shepard, Robert and Wahila, Matthew and Wang, Fei and Smeu, Manuel and Liu, Hao},\\n\\tmonth = oct,\\n\\tyear = {2022},\\n\\tpages = {16983 -- 16992},\\n}\\n\\n\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Wang, J.\",\"Hoteling, G.\",\"Shepard, R.\",\"Wahila, M.\",\"Wang, F.\",\"Smeu, M.\",\"Liu, H.\"],\"key\":\"wang_reaction_2022\",\"id\":\"wang_reaction_2022\",\"bibbaseid\":\"wang-hoteling-shepard-wahila-wang-smeu-liu-reactionmechanismofnaiondeintercalationinnatextrm2cosiotextrm4-2022\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{},\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{\"liu, h\":\"http://chemiris.chem.binghamton.edu/LIU/pubs.html\"}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"article\",\"type\":\"article\",\"title\":\"Reaction Heterogeneity in LiNi$_{\\\\textrm{0.8}}$Co$_{\\\\textrm{0.15}}$Al$_{\\\\textrm{0.05}}$O$_{\\\\textrm{2}}$ Induced by Surface Layer\",\"volume\":\"29\",\"copyright\":\"All rights reserved\",\"issn\":\"0897-4756\",\"doi\":\"10.1021/acs.chemmater.7b02236\",\"abstract\":\"Through operando synchrotron powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis of layered transition metal oxide electrodes of composition LiNi$_{\\\\textrm{0.8}}$Co$_{\\\\textrm{0.15}}$Al$_{\\\\textrm{0.05}}$O$_{\\\\textrm{2}}$ (NCA), we decouple the intrinsic bulk reaction mechanism from surface-induced effects. For identically prepared and cycled electrodes stored in different environments, we demonstrate that the intrinsic bulk reaction for pristine NCA follows solid-solution mechanism, not a two-phase as suggested previously. By combining high resolution powder X-ray diffraction, diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (DRIFTS) and surface sensitive X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), we demonstrate that adventitious Li$_{\\\\textrm{2}}$CO$_{\\\\textrm{3}}$ forms on the electrode particle surface during exposure to air, through reaction with atmospheric CO2. This surface impedes ionic and electronic transport to the underlying electrode, with progressive erosion of this layer during cycling giving rise to different reaction states in particles with an intact vs an eroded Li$_{\\\\textrm{2}}$CO$_{\\\\textrm{3}}$ surface-coating. This reaction heterogeneity, with a bimodal distribution of reaction states, has previously been interpreted as a “two-phase” reaction mechanism for NCA, as an activation step that only occurs during the first cycle. Similar surface layers may impact the reaction mechanism observed in other electrode materials using bulk probes such as operando powder XRD.\",\"number\":\"17\",\"journal\":\"Chemistry of Materials\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Grenier\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Antonin\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Liu\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Hao\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Wiaderek\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Kamila\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Lebens-Higgins\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Zachary\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Borkiewicz\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Olaf\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Piper\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Louis\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Chupas\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Peter\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Chapman\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Karena\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"month\":\"August\",\"year\":\"2017\",\"pages\":\"7345 – 7352\",\"bibtex\":\"@article{grenier_reaction_2017,\\n\\ttitle = {Reaction {Heterogeneity} in {LiNi}$_{\\\\textrm{0.8}}${Co}$_{\\\\textrm{0.15}}${Al}$_{\\\\textrm{0.05}}${O}$_{\\\\textrm{2}}$ {Induced} by {Surface} {Layer}},\\n\\tvolume = {29},\\n\\tcopyright = {All rights reserved},\\n\\tissn = {0897-4756},\\n\\tdoi = {10.1021/acs.chemmater.7b02236},\\n\\tabstract = {Through operando synchrotron powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis of layered transition metal oxide electrodes of composition LiNi$_{\\\\textrm{0.8}}$Co$_{\\\\textrm{0.15}}$Al$_{\\\\textrm{0.05}}$O$_{\\\\textrm{2}}$ (NCA), we decouple the intrinsic bulk reaction mechanism from surface-induced effects. For identically prepared and cycled electrodes stored in different environments, we demonstrate that the intrinsic bulk reaction for pristine NCA follows solid-solution mechanism, not a two-phase as suggested previously. By combining high resolution powder X-ray diffraction, diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (DRIFTS) and surface sensitive X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), we demonstrate that adventitious Li$_{\\\\textrm{2}}$CO$_{\\\\textrm{3}}$ forms on the electrode particle surface during exposure to air, through reaction with atmospheric CO2. This surface impedes ionic and electronic transport to the underlying electrode, with progressive erosion of this layer during cycling giving rise to different reaction states in particles with an intact vs an eroded Li$_{\\\\textrm{2}}$CO$_{\\\\textrm{3}}$ surface-coating. This reaction heterogeneity, with a bimodal distribution of reaction states, has previously been interpreted as a “two-phase” reaction mechanism for NCA, as an activation step that only occurs during the first cycle. Similar surface layers may impact the reaction mechanism observed in other electrode materials using bulk probes such as operando powder XRD.},\\n\\tnumber = {17},\\n\\tjournal = {Chemistry of Materials},\\n\\tauthor = {Grenier, Antonin and Liu, Hao and Wiaderek, Kamila and Lebens-Higgins, Zachary and Borkiewicz, Olaf and Piper, Louis and Chupas, Peter and Chapman, Karena},\\n\\tmonth = aug,\\n\\tyear = {2017},\\n\\tpages = {7345 -- 7352},\\n}\\n\\n\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Grenier, A.\",\"Liu, H.\",\"Wiaderek, K.\",\"Lebens-Higgins, Z.\",\"Borkiewicz, O.\",\"Piper, L.\",\"Chupas, P.\",\"Chapman, K.\"],\"key\":\"grenier_reaction_2017\",\"id\":\"grenier_reaction_2017\",\"bibbaseid\":\"grenier-liu-wiaderek-lebenshiggins-borkiewicz-piper-chupas-chapman-reactionheterogeneityinlinitextrm08cotextrm015altextrm005otextrm2inducedbysurfacelayer-2017\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{},\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{\"liu, h\":\"http://chemiris.chem.binghamton.edu/LIU/pubs.html\"}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"article\",\"type\":\"article\",\"title\":\"Computational determination of the solvation structure of LiBF4 and LiPF6 salts in battery electrolytes\",\"volume\":\"674\",\"copyright\":\"All rights reserved\",\"issn\":\"09277757\",\"url\":\"https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0927775723009159\",\"doi\":\"10.1016/j.colsurfa.2023.131831\",\"language\":\"en\",\"urldate\":\"2023-06-22\",\"journal\":\"Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Peiris\"],\"firstnames\":[\"M.D.\",\"Hashan\",\"C.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Brennan\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Scott\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Liepinya\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Diana\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Liu\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Hao\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Smeu\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Manuel\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"month\":\"October\",\"year\":\"2023\",\"pages\":\"131831\",\"bibtex\":\"@article{peiris_computational_2023,\\n\\ttitle = {Computational determination of the solvation structure of {LiBF4} and {LiPF6} salts in battery electrolytes},\\n\\tvolume = {674},\\n\\tcopyright = {All rights reserved},\\n\\tissn = {09277757},\\n\\turl = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0927775723009159},\\n\\tdoi = {10.1016/j.colsurfa.2023.131831},\\n\\tlanguage = {en},\\n\\turldate = {2023-06-22},\\n\\tjournal = {Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects},\\n\\tauthor = {Peiris, M.D. Hashan C. and Brennan, Scott and Liepinya, Diana and Liu, Hao and Smeu, Manuel},\\n\\tmonth = oct,\\n\\tyear = {2023},\\n\\tpages = {131831},\\n}\\n\\n\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Peiris, M. H. C.\",\"Brennan, S.\",\"Liepinya, D.\",\"Liu, H.\",\"Smeu, M.\"],\"key\":\"peiris_computational_2023\",\"id\":\"peiris_computational_2023\",\"bibbaseid\":\"peiris-brennan-liepinya-liu-smeu-computationaldeterminationofthesolvationstructureoflibf4andlipf6saltsinbatteryelectrolytes-2023\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{\"Paper\":\"https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0927775723009159\"},\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{\"liu, h\":\"http://chemiris.chem.binghamton.edu/LIU/pubs.html\"}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"article\",\"type\":\"article\",\"title\":\"Surface Reduction Stabilizes the Single-Crystalline Ni-Rich Layered Cathode for Li-Ion Batteries\",\"volume\":\"14\",\"copyright\":\"All rights reserved\",\"issn\":\"1944-8244\",\"url\":\"https://doi.org/10.26434/chemrxiv-2022-fplt1\",\"doi\":\"10.1021/acsami.2c09937\",\"number\":\"34\",\"journal\":\"ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Fan\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Qinglu\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Zuba\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Mateusz\",\"Jan\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Zong\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Yanxu\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Menon\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Ashok\",\"S.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Pacileo\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Anthony\",\"T.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Piper\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Louis\",\"F.J.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Zhou\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Guangwen\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Liu\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Hao\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"month\":\"August\",\"year\":\"2022\",\"pages\":\"38795–38806\",\"bibtex\":\"@article{fan_surface_2022,\\n\\ttitle = {Surface {Reduction} {Stabilizes} the {Single}-{Crystalline} {Ni}-{Rich} {Layered} {Cathode} for {Li}-{Ion} {Batteries}},\\n\\tvolume = {14},\\n\\tcopyright = {All rights reserved},\\n\\tissn = {1944-8244},\\n\\turl = {https://doi.org/10.26434/chemrxiv-2022-fplt1},\\n\\tdoi = {10.1021/acsami.2c09937},\\n\\tnumber = {34},\\n\\tjournal = {ACS Applied Materials \\\\& Interfaces},\\n\\tauthor = {Fan, Qinglu and Zuba, Mateusz Jan and Zong, Yanxu and Menon, Ashok S. and Pacileo, Anthony T. and Piper, Louis F.J. and Zhou, Guangwen and Liu, Hao},\\n\\tmonth = aug,\\n\\tyear = {2022},\\n\\tpages = {38795--38806},\\n}\\n\\n\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Fan, Q.\",\"Zuba, M. J.\",\"Zong, Y.\",\"Menon, A. S.\",\"Pacileo, A. T.\",\"Piper, L. F.\",\"Zhou, G.\",\"Liu, H.\"],\"key\":\"fan_surface_2022\",\"id\":\"fan_surface_2022\",\"bibbaseid\":\"fan-zuba-zong-menon-pacileo-piper-zhou-liu-surfacereductionstabilizesthesinglecrystallinenirichlayeredcathodeforliionbatteries-2022\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{\"Paper\":\"https://doi.org/10.26434/chemrxiv-2022-fplt1\"},\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{\"liu, h\":\"http://chemiris.chem.binghamton.edu/LIU/pubs.html\"}},\"downloads\":3,\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"article\",\"type\":\"article\",\"title\":\"Quantifying Reaction and Rate Heterogeneity in Battery Electrodes in 3D through Operando X-ray Diffraction Computed Tomography\",\"volume\":\"11\",\"copyright\":\"All rights reserved\",\"issn\":\"1944-8244\",\"url\":\"http://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acsami.9b02173\",\"doi\":\"10.1021/acsami.9b02173\",\"number\":\"20\",\"journal\":\"ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Liu\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Hao\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Kazemiabnavi\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Saeed\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Grenier\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Antonin\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Vaughan\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Gavin\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Di\",\"Michiel\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Marco\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Polzin\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Bryant\",\"J.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Thornton\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Katsuyo\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Chapman\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Karena\",\"W.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Chupas\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Peter\",\"J.\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"month\":\"May\",\"year\":\"2019\",\"pages\":\"18386–18394\",\"bibtex\":\"@article{liu_quantifying_2019,\\n\\ttitle = {Quantifying {Reaction} and {Rate} {Heterogeneity} in {Battery} {Electrodes} in {3D} through {Operando} {X}-ray {Diffraction} {Computed} {Tomography}},\\n\\tvolume = {11},\\n\\tcopyright = {All rights reserved},\\n\\tissn = {1944-8244},\\n\\turl = {http://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acsami.9b02173},\\n\\tdoi = {10.1021/acsami.9b02173},\\n\\tnumber = {20},\\n\\tjournal = {ACS Applied Materials \\\\& Interfaces},\\n\\tauthor = {Liu, Hao and Kazemiabnavi, Saeed and Grenier, Antonin and Vaughan, Gavin and Di Michiel, Marco and Polzin, Bryant J. and Thornton, Katsuyo and Chapman, Karena W. and Chupas, Peter J.},\\n\\tmonth = may,\\n\\tyear = {2019},\\n\\tpages = {18386--18394},\\n}\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Liu, H.\",\"Kazemiabnavi, S.\",\"Grenier, A.\",\"Vaughan, G.\",\"Di Michiel, M.\",\"Polzin, B. J.\",\"Thornton, K.\",\"Chapman, K. W.\",\"Chupas, P. 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P.\"],\"key\":\"strobridge_unraveling_2016\",\"id\":\"strobridge_unraveling_2016\",\"bibbaseid\":\"strobridge-liu-leskes-borkiewicz-wiaderek-chupas-chapman-grey-unravelingthecomplexdelithiationmechanismsofolivinetypecathodematerialslifexco1xpo4-2016\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{\"Paper\":\"http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/acs.chemmater.6b00319\"},\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{\"liu,  h\":\"https://bibbase.org/service/mendeley/acecf9ac-a9eb-39c3-b1a6-bdadc9df448a\",\"liu, h\":\"http://chemiris.chem.binghamton.edu/LIU/pubs.html\"}},\"downloads\":0,\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"article\",\"type\":\"article\",\"title\":\"Influence of particle size, cycling rate and temperature on the lithiation process of anatase TiO$_{\\\\textrm{2}}$\",\"volume\":\"4\",\"copyright\":\"All rights reserved\",\"issn\":\"2050-7488\",\"url\":\"http://xlink.rsc.org/?DOI=C6TA00673F\",\"doi\":\"10.1039/C6TA00673F\",\"abstract\":\"A continuous structural change during the (de)lithiation of lithium-ion battery material, anatase TiO 2 , which undergoes a crystal symmetry change, was not found even at high rates.\",\"number\":\"17\",\"journal\":\"Journal of Materials Chemistry A\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Liu\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Hao\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Grey\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Clare\",\"P.\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"year\":\"2016\",\"pages\":\"6433–6446\",\"bibtex\":\"@article{liu_influence_2016,\\n\\ttitle = {Influence of particle size, cycling rate and temperature on the lithiation process of anatase {TiO}$_{\\\\textrm{2}}$},\\n\\tvolume = {4},\\n\\tcopyright = {All rights reserved},\\n\\tissn = {2050-7488},\\n\\turl = {http://xlink.rsc.org/?DOI=C6TA00673F},\\n\\tdoi = {10.1039/C6TA00673F},\\n\\tabstract = {A continuous structural change during the (de)lithiation of lithium-ion battery material, anatase TiO 2 , which undergoes a crystal symmetry change, was not found even at high rates.},\\n\\tnumber = {17},\\n\\tjournal = {Journal of Materials Chemistry A},\\n\\tauthor = {Liu, Hao and Grey, Clare P.},\\n\\tyear = {2016},\\n\\tpages = {6433--6446},\\n}\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Liu, H.\",\"Grey, C. P.\"],\"key\":\"liu_influence_2016\",\"id\":\"liu_influence_2016\",\"bibbaseid\":\"liu-grey-influenceofparticlesizecyclingrateandtemperatureonthelithiationprocessofanatasetiotextrm2-2016\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{\"Paper\":\"http://xlink.rsc.org/?DOI=C6TA00673F\"},\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{\"liu, h\":\"http://chemiris.chem.binghamton.edu/LIU/pubs.html\"}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"article\",\"type\":\"article\",\"title\":\"Structure, Composition, and Electrochemistry of Chromium-Substituted ε-LiVOPO 4\",\"volume\":\"4\",\"copyright\":\"All rights reserved\",\"issn\":\"2574-0962\",\"url\":\"https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acsaem.0c02634\",\"doi\":\"10.1021/acsaem.0c02634\",\"abstract\":\"Lithium vanadyl phosphate (LiVOPO4) is an attractive cathode material for next-generation lithium-ion batteries, having the ability to reversibly intercalate two Li ions per transition metal redox center to reach a theoretical capacity of 305 mAh g-1. This material has a high energy density with two voltage plateaus of 2 and 4 V. However, reduced capacity retention at faster rates and sluggish kinetics in the high-voltage region leaves much room for improvement. Cr substitution was implemented to mitigate these limitations and enhance the electrochemical performance of ε-LiVOPO4. By various characterization techniques, we have established the composition of the hydrothermally synthesized Cr-substituted samples to be LixHyCrzV1-zOPO4 solid solution (0.80 ≤ x ≦ 0.85, 0.25 ≦ y ≦ 0.60, and z ≦ 0.05). All Cr-substituted samples demonstrated higher coulombic efficiency and superior cycling stability for over 40 cycles at C/15. Electrochemical tests show Cr substitution enhances the Li-ion diffusion in the high-voltage regime and the reaction reversibility of ε-LiVOPO4.\",\"number\":\"2\",\"journal\":\"ACS Applied Energy Materials\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Lee\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Krystal\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Siu\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Carrie\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Hidalgo\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Marc\",\"F.\",\"V.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Rana\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Jatinkumar\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Zuba\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Mateusz\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Chung\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Youngmin\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Omenya\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Fredrick\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Piper\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Louis\",\"F.\",\"J.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Liu\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Hao\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Chernova\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Natasha\",\"A.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Whittingham\"],\"firstnames\":[\"M.\",\"Stanley\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"month\":\"February\",\"year\":\"2021\",\"pages\":\"1421–1430\",\"bibtex\":\"@article{lee_structure_2021,\\n\\ttitle = {Structure, {Composition}, and {Electrochemistry} of {Chromium}-{Substituted} ε-{LiVOPO} 4},\\n\\tvolume = {4},\\n\\tcopyright = {All rights reserved},\\n\\tissn = {2574-0962},\\n\\turl = {https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acsaem.0c02634},\\n\\tdoi = {10.1021/acsaem.0c02634},\\n\\tabstract = {Lithium vanadyl phosphate (LiVOPO4) is an attractive cathode material for next-generation lithium-ion batteries, having the ability to reversibly intercalate two Li ions per transition metal redox center to reach a theoretical capacity of 305 mAh g-1. This material has a high energy density with two voltage plateaus of 2 and 4 V. However, reduced capacity retention at faster rates and sluggish kinetics in the high-voltage region leaves much room for improvement. Cr substitution was implemented to mitigate these limitations and enhance the electrochemical performance of ε-LiVOPO4. By various characterization techniques, we have established the composition of the hydrothermally synthesized Cr-substituted samples to be LixHyCrzV1-zOPO4 solid solution (0.80 ≤ x ≦ 0.85, 0.25 ≦ y ≦ 0.60, and z ≦ 0.05). All Cr-substituted samples demonstrated higher coulombic efficiency and superior cycling stability for over 40 cycles at C/15. Electrochemical tests show Cr substitution enhances the Li-ion diffusion in the high-voltage regime and the reaction reversibility of ε-LiVOPO4.},\\n\\tnumber = {2},\\n\\tjournal = {ACS Applied Energy Materials},\\n\\tauthor = {Lee, Krystal and Siu, Carrie and Hidalgo, Marc F. V. and Rana, Jatinkumar and Zuba, Mateusz and Chung, Youngmin and Omenya, Fredrick and Piper, Louis F. J. and Liu, Hao and Chernova, Natasha A. and Whittingham, M. Stanley},\\n\\tmonth = feb,\\n\\tyear = {2021},\\n\\tpages = {1421--1430},\\n}\\n\\n\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Lee, K.\",\"Siu, C.\",\"Hidalgo, M. F. V.\",\"Rana, J.\",\"Zuba, M.\",\"Chung, Y.\",\"Omenya, F.\",\"Piper, L. F. J.\",\"Liu, H.\",\"Chernova, N. A.\",\"Whittingham, M. S.\"],\"key\":\"lee_structure_2021\",\"id\":\"lee_structure_2021\",\"bibbaseid\":\"lee-siu-hidalgo-rana-zuba-chung-omenya-piper-etal-structurecompositionandelectrochemistryofchromiumsubstitutedlivopo4-2021\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{\"Paper\":\"https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acsaem.0c02634\"},\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{\"liu,  h\":\"https://bibbase.org/service/mendeley/acecf9ac-a9eb-39c3-b1a6-bdadc9df448a\",\"liu, h\":\"http://chemiris.chem.binghamton.edu/LIU/pubs.html\"}},\"downloads\":9,\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"article\",\"type\":\"article\",\"title\":\"Best practices for operando depth-resolving battery experiments\",\"volume\":\"53\",\"copyright\":\"All rights reserved\",\"issn\":\"1600-5767\",\"url\":\"http://scripts.iucr.org/cgi-bin/paper?S1600576719016315\",\"doi\":\"10.1107/S1600576719016315\",\"abstract\":\"Operando studies that probe how electrochemical reactions propagate through a battery provide valuable feedback for optimizing the electrode architecture and for mitigating reaction heterogeneity. Transmission-geometry depth-profiling measurements carried out with the beam directed parallel to the battery layers – in a radial geometry – can provide quantitative structural insights that resolve depth-dependent reaction heterogeneity which are not accessible from conventional transmission measurements that traverse all battery layers. However, these spatially resolved measurements are susceptible to aberrations that do not affect conventional perpendicular-beam studies. Key practical considerations that can impact the interpretation of synchrotron depth-profiling studies, which are related to the signal-to-noise ratio, cell alignment and lateral heterogeneity, are described. Strategies to enable accurate quantification of state of charge during rapid depth-profiling studies are presented.\",\"number\":\"1\",\"journal\":\"Journal of Applied Crystallography\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Liu\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Hao\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Li\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Zhuo\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Grenier\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Antonin\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Kamm\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Gabrielle\",\"E.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Yin\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Liang\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Mattei\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Gerard\",\"S.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Cosby\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Monty\",\"R.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Khalifah\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Peter\",\"G.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Chupas\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Peter\",\"J.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Chapman\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Karena\",\"W.\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"month\":\"February\",\"year\":\"2020\",\"pages\":\"133–139\",\"bibtex\":\"@article{liu_best_2020,\\n\\ttitle = {Best practices for operando depth-resolving battery experiments},\\n\\tvolume = {53},\\n\\tcopyright = {All rights reserved},\\n\\tissn = {1600-5767},\\n\\turl = {http://scripts.iucr.org/cgi-bin/paper?S1600576719016315},\\n\\tdoi = {10.1107/S1600576719016315},\\n\\tabstract = {Operando studies that probe how electrochemical reactions propagate through a battery provide valuable feedback for optimizing the electrode architecture and for mitigating reaction heterogeneity. Transmission-geometry depth-profiling measurements carried out with the beam directed parallel to the battery layers – in a radial geometry – can provide quantitative structural insights that resolve depth-dependent reaction heterogeneity which are not accessible from conventional transmission measurements that traverse all battery layers. However, these spatially resolved measurements are susceptible to aberrations that do not affect conventional perpendicular-beam studies. Key practical considerations that can impact the interpretation of synchrotron depth-profiling studies, which are related to the signal-to-noise ratio, cell alignment and lateral heterogeneity, are described. Strategies to enable accurate quantification of state of charge during rapid depth-profiling studies are presented.},\\n\\tnumber = {1},\\n\\tjournal = {Journal of Applied Crystallography},\\n\\tauthor = {Liu, Hao and Li, Zhuo and Grenier, Antonin and Kamm, Gabrielle E. and Yin, Liang and Mattei, Gerard S. and Cosby, Monty R. and Khalifah, Peter G. and Chupas, Peter J. and Chapman, Karena W.},\\n\\tmonth = feb,\\n\\tyear = {2020},\\n\\tpages = {133--139},\\n}\\n\\n\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Liu, H.\",\"Li, Z.\",\"Grenier, A.\",\"Kamm, G. E.\",\"Yin, L.\",\"Mattei, G. S.\",\"Cosby, M. R.\",\"Khalifah, P. G.\",\"Chupas, P. J.\",\"Chapman, K. W.\"],\"key\":\"liu_best_2020\",\"id\":\"liu_best_2020\",\"bibbaseid\":\"liu-li-grenier-kamm-yin-mattei-cosby-khalifah-etal-bestpracticesforoperandodepthresolvingbatteryexperiments-2020\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{\"Paper\":\"http://scripts.iucr.org/cgi-bin/paper?S1600576719016315\"},\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{\"liu,  h\":\"https://bibbase.org/service/mendeley/acecf9ac-a9eb-39c3-b1a6-bdadc9df448a\",\"liu, h\":\"http://chemiris.chem.binghamton.edu/LIU/pubs.html\"}},\"downloads\":5,\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"article\",\"type\":\"article\",\"title\":\"Al Substitution for Mn during Co-Precipitation Boosts the Electrochemical Performance of LiNi 0.8 Mn 0.1 Co 0.1 O 2\",\"volume\":\"168\",\"copyright\":\"All rights reserved\",\"issn\":\"0013-4651\",\"url\":\"https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1149/1945-7111/ac0020\",\"doi\":\"10.1149/1945-7111/ac0020\",\"number\":\"5\",\"journal\":\"Journal of The Electrochemical Society\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Pei\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Ben\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Zhou\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Hui\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Goel\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Anshika\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Zuba\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Mateusz\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Liu\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Hao\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Xin\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Fengxia\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Whittingham\"],\"firstnames\":[\"M.\",\"Stanley\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"month\":\"May\",\"year\":\"2021\",\"note\":\"Publisher: IOP Publishing\",\"pages\":\"050532\",\"bibtex\":\"@article{pei_substitution_2021,\\n\\ttitle = {Al {Substitution} for {Mn} during {Co}-{Precipitation} {Boosts} the {Electrochemical} {Performance} of {LiNi} 0.8 {Mn} 0.1 {Co} 0.1 {O} 2},\\n\\tvolume = {168},\\n\\tcopyright = {All rights reserved},\\n\\tissn = {0013-4651},\\n\\turl = {https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1149/1945-7111/ac0020},\\n\\tdoi = {10.1149/1945-7111/ac0020},\\n\\tnumber = {5},\\n\\tjournal = {Journal of The Electrochemical Society},\\n\\tauthor = {Pei, Ben and Zhou, Hui and Goel, Anshika and Zuba, Mateusz and Liu, Hao and Xin, Fengxia and Whittingham, M. Stanley},\\n\\tmonth = may,\\n\\tyear = {2021},\\n\\tnote = {Publisher: IOP Publishing},\\n\\tpages = {050532},\\n}\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Pei, B.\",\"Zhou, H.\",\"Goel, A.\",\"Zuba, M.\",\"Liu, H.\",\"Xin, F.\",\"Whittingham, M. S.\"],\"key\":\"pei_substitution_2021\",\"id\":\"pei_substitution_2021\",\"bibbaseid\":\"pei-zhou-goel-zuba-liu-xin-whittingham-alsubstitutionformnduringcoprecipitationbooststheelectrochemicalperformanceoflini08mn01co01o2-2021\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{\"Paper\":\"https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1149/1945-7111/ac0020\"},\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{\"liu, h\":\"http://chemiris.chem.binghamton.edu/LIU/pubs.html\"}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"article\",\"type\":\"article\",\"title\":\"Sensitivity and Limitations of Structures from X-ray and Neutron-Based Diffraction Analyses of Transition Metal Oxide Lithium-Battery Electrodes\",\"volume\":\"164\",\"copyright\":\"All rights reserved\",\"issn\":\"0013-4651\",\"url\":\"http://jes.ecsdl.org/content/164/9/A1802.abstract\",\"doi\":\"10.1149/2.0271709jes\",\"abstract\":\"Lithium transition metal oxides are an important class of electrode materials for lithium-ion batteries. Binary or ternary (transition) metal doping brings about new opportunities to improve the electrode's performance and often leads to more complex stoichiometries and atomic structures than the archetypal LiCoO2. Rietveld structural analyses of X-ray and neutron diffraction data is a widely-used approach for structural characterization of crystalline materials. However, different structural models and refinement approaches can lead to differing results, and some parameters can be difficult to quantify due to the inherent limitations of the data. Here, through the example of LiNi0.8Co0.15Al0.05O2 (NCA), we demonstrated the sensitivity of various structural parameters in Rietveld structural analysis to different refinement approaches and structural models, and proposed an approach to reduce refinement uncertainties due to the inexact X-ray scattering factors of the constituent atoms within the lattice. This refinement approach was implemented for electrochemically-cycled NCA samples and yielded accurate structural parameters using only X-ray diffraction data. The present work provides the best practices for performing structural refinement of lithium transition metal oxides.\",\"number\":\"9\",\"journal\":\"Journal of The Electrochemical Society\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Liu\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Hao\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Liu\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Haodong\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Lapidus\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Saul\",\"H\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Meng\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Y\",\"Shirley\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Chupas\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Peter\",\"J\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Chapman\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Karena\",\"W\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"month\":\"June\",\"year\":\"2017\",\"pages\":\"A1802–A1811\",\"bibtex\":\"@article{liu_sensitivity_2017,\\n\\ttitle = {Sensitivity and {Limitations} of {Structures} from {X}-ray and {Neutron}-{Based} {Diffraction} {Analyses} of {Transition} {Metal} {Oxide} {Lithium}-{Battery} {Electrodes}},\\n\\tvolume = {164},\\n\\tcopyright = {All rights reserved},\\n\\tissn = {0013-4651},\\n\\turl = {http://jes.ecsdl.org/content/164/9/A1802.abstract},\\n\\tdoi = {10.1149/2.0271709jes},\\n\\tabstract = {Lithium transition metal oxides are an important class of electrode materials for lithium-ion batteries. Binary or ternary (transition) metal doping brings about new opportunities to improve the electrode's performance and often leads to more complex stoichiometries and atomic structures than the archetypal LiCoO2. Rietveld structural analyses of X-ray and neutron diffraction data is a widely-used approach for structural characterization of crystalline materials. However, different structural models and refinement approaches can lead to differing results, and some parameters can be difficult to quantify due to the inherent limitations of the data. Here, through the example of LiNi0.8Co0.15Al0.05O2 (NCA), we demonstrated the sensitivity of various structural parameters in Rietveld structural analysis to different refinement approaches and structural models, and proposed an approach to reduce refinement uncertainties due to the inexact X-ray scattering factors of the constituent atoms within the lattice. This refinement approach was implemented for electrochemically-cycled NCA samples and yielded accurate structural parameters using only X-ray diffraction data. The present work provides the best practices for performing structural refinement of lithium transition metal oxides.},\\n\\tnumber = {9},\\n\\tjournal = {Journal of The Electrochemical Society},\\n\\tauthor = {Liu, Hao and Liu, Haodong and Lapidus, Saul H and Meng, Y Shirley and Chupas, Peter J and Chapman, Karena W},\\n\\tmonth = jun,\\n\\tyear = {2017},\\n\\tpages = {A1802--A1811},\\n}\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Liu, H.\",\"Liu, H.\",\"Lapidus, S. H\",\"Meng, Y S.\",\"Chupas, P. J\",\"Chapman, K. W\"],\"key\":\"liu_sensitivity_2017\",\"id\":\"liu_sensitivity_2017\",\"bibbaseid\":\"liu-liu-lapidus-meng-chupas-chapman-sensitivityandlimitationsofstructuresfromxrayandneutronbaseddiffractionanalysesoftransitionmetaloxidelithiumbatteryelectrodes-2017\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{\"Paper\":\"http://jes.ecsdl.org/content/164/9/A1802.abstract\"},\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{\"liu,  h\":\"https://bibbase.org/service/mendeley/acecf9ac-a9eb-39c3-b1a6-bdadc9df448a\",\"liu, h\":\"http://chemiris.chem.binghamton.edu/LIU/pubs.html\"}},\"downloads\":1,\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"article\",\"type\":\"article\",\"title\":\"Revisiting the charge compensation mechanisms in LiNi$_{\\\\textrm{0.8}}$Co$_{\\\\textrm{0.2−y}}$Al$_{\\\\textrm{y}}$O$_{\\\\textrm{2}}$ systems\",\"volume\":\"6\",\"copyright\":\"All rights reserved\",\"issn\":\"2051-6347\",\"url\":\"http://xlink.rsc.org/?DOI=C9MH00765B\",\"doi\":\"10.1039/C9MH00765B\",\"abstract\":\"The emergence of oxidized oxygen RIXS features at high voltages for Ni-rich layered oxide cathodes.\",\"number\":\"10\",\"journal\":\"Materials Horizons\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Lebens-Higgins\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Zachary\",\"W.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Faenza\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Nicholas\",\"V.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Radin\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Maxwell\",\"D.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Liu\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Hao\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Sallis\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Shawn\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Rana\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Jatinkumar\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Vinckeviciute\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Julija\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Reeves\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Philip\",\"J.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Zuba\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Mateusz\",\"J.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Badway\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Fadwa\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Pereira\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Nathalie\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Chapman\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Karena\",\"W.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Lee\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Tien-Lin\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Wu\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Tianpin\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Grey\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Clare\",\"P.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Melot\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Brent\",\"C.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Van\",\"Der\",\"Ven\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Anton\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Amatucci\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Glenn\",\"G.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Yang\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Wanli\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Piper\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Louis\",\"F.\",\"J.\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"year\":\"2019\",\"pages\":\"2112–2123\",\"bibtex\":\"@article{lebens-higgins_revisiting_2019,\\n\\ttitle = {Revisiting the charge compensation mechanisms in {LiNi}$_{\\\\textrm{0.8}}${Co}$_{\\\\textrm{0.2−y}}${Al}$_{\\\\textrm{y}}${O}$_{\\\\textrm{2}}$ systems},\\n\\tvolume = {6},\\n\\tcopyright = {All rights reserved},\\n\\tissn = {2051-6347},\\n\\turl = {http://xlink.rsc.org/?DOI=C9MH00765B},\\n\\tdoi = {10.1039/C9MH00765B},\\n\\tabstract = {The emergence of oxidized oxygen RIXS features at high voltages for Ni-rich layered oxide cathodes.},\\n\\tnumber = {10},\\n\\tjournal = {Materials Horizons},\\n\\tauthor = {Lebens-Higgins, Zachary W. and Faenza, Nicholas V. and Radin, Maxwell D. and Liu, Hao and Sallis, Shawn and Rana, Jatinkumar and Vinckeviciute, Julija and Reeves, Philip J. and Zuba, Mateusz J. and Badway, Fadwa and Pereira, Nathalie and Chapman, Karena W. and Lee, Tien-Lin and Wu, Tianpin and Grey, Clare P. and Melot, Brent C. and Van Der Ven, Anton and Amatucci, Glenn G. and Yang, Wanli and Piper, Louis F. J.},\\n\\tyear = {2019},\\n\\tpages = {2112--2123},\\n}\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Lebens-Higgins, Z. W.\",\"Faenza, N. V.\",\"Radin, M. D.\",\"Liu, H.\",\"Sallis, S.\",\"Rana, J.\",\"Vinckeviciute, J.\",\"Reeves, P. J.\",\"Zuba, M. J.\",\"Badway, F.\",\"Pereira, N.\",\"Chapman, K. W.\",\"Lee, T.\",\"Wu, T.\",\"Grey, C. P.\",\"Melot, B. C.\",\"Van Der Ven, A.\",\"Amatucci, G. G.\",\"Yang, W.\",\"Piper, L. F. J.\"],\"key\":\"lebens-higgins_revisiting_2019\",\"id\":\"lebens-higgins_revisiting_2019\",\"bibbaseid\":\"lebenshiggins-faenza-radin-liu-sallis-rana-vinckeviciute-reeves-etal-revisitingthechargecompensationmechanismsinlinitextrm08cotextrm02yaltextrmyotextrm2systems-2019\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{\"Paper\":\"http://xlink.rsc.org/?DOI=C9MH00765B\"},\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{\"liu, h\":\"http://chemiris.chem.binghamton.edu/LIU/pubs.html\"}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"article\",\"type\":\"article\",\"title\":\"Reactivity-Guided Interface Design in Na Metal Solid-State Batteries\",\"volume\":\"0\",\"copyright\":\"All rights reserved\",\"issn\":\"25424351\",\"url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joule.2018.12.019\",\"doi\":\"10.1016/j.joule.2018.12.019\",\"abstract\":\"Summary Solid-state batteries provide substantially increased safety and improved energy density when energy-dense alkali metal anodes are applied. However, most solid-state electrolytes react with alkali metals, causing a continuous increase of the cell impedance. Here, we employ a reactivity-driven strategy to improve the interfacial stability between a Na3SbS4 solid-state electrolyte and sodium metal. First-principles calculations identify a protective hydrate coating for Na3SbS4 that leads to the generation of passivating decomposition products upon contact of the electrolyte with sodium metal. The formation of this protective coating, a newly discovered hydrated phase, is achieved experimentally through exposure of Na3SbS4 to air. The buried interface is characterized using post-operando synchrotron X-ray depth profiling, providing spatially resolved evidence of the multilayered phase distribution in the Na metal symmetric cell consistent with theoretical predictions. We identify hydrates as promising for improving the metal/electrolyte interfacial stability in solid-state batteries and suggest a general strategy of interface design for this purpose.\",\"number\":\"0\",\"journal\":\"Joule\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Tian\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Yaosen\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Sun\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Yingzhi\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Hannah\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Daniel\",\"C.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Xiao\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Yihan\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Liu\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Hao\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Chapman\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Karena\",\"W.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Bo\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Shou-Hang\",\"Hang\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Ceder\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Gerbrand\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"month\":\"January\",\"year\":\"2019\",\"note\":\"Publisher: Elsevier Inc.\",\"pages\":\"1–14\",\"bibtex\":\"@article{tian_reactivity-guided_2019,\\n\\ttitle = {Reactivity-{Guided} {Interface} {Design} in {Na} {Metal} {Solid}-{State} {Batteries}},\\n\\tvolume = {0},\\n\\tcopyright = {All rights reserved},\\n\\tissn = {25424351},\\n\\turl = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joule.2018.12.019},\\n\\tdoi = {10.1016/j.joule.2018.12.019},\\n\\tabstract = {Summary Solid-state batteries provide substantially increased safety and improved energy density when energy-dense alkali metal anodes are applied. However, most solid-state electrolytes react with alkali metals, causing a continuous increase of the cell impedance. Here, we employ a reactivity-driven strategy to improve the interfacial stability between a Na3SbS4 solid-state electrolyte and sodium metal. First-principles calculations identify a protective hydrate coating for Na3SbS4 that leads to the generation of passivating decomposition products upon contact of the electrolyte with sodium metal. The formation of this protective coating, a newly discovered hydrated phase, is achieved experimentally through exposure of Na3SbS4 to air. The buried interface is characterized using post-operando synchrotron X-ray depth profiling, providing spatially resolved evidence of the multilayered phase distribution in the Na metal symmetric cell consistent with theoretical predictions. We identify hydrates as promising for improving the metal/electrolyte interfacial stability in solid-state batteries and suggest a general strategy of interface design for this purpose.},\\n\\tnumber = {0},\\n\\tjournal = {Joule},\\n\\tauthor = {Tian, Yaosen and Sun, Yingzhi and Hannah, Daniel C. and Xiao, Yihan and Liu, Hao and Chapman, Karena W. and Bo, Shou-Hang Hang and Ceder, Gerbrand},\\n\\tmonth = jan,\\n\\tyear = {2019},\\n\\tnote = {Publisher: Elsevier Inc.},\\n\\tpages = {1--14},\\n}\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Tian, Y.\",\"Sun, Y.\",\"Hannah, D. C.\",\"Xiao, Y.\",\"Liu, H.\",\"Chapman, K. W.\",\"Bo, S. H.\",\"Ceder, G.\"],\"key\":\"tian_reactivity-guided_2019\",\"id\":\"tian_reactivity-guided_2019\",\"bibbaseid\":\"tian-sun-hannah-xiao-liu-chapman-bo-ceder-reactivityguidedinterfacedesigninnametalsolidstatebatteries-2019\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{\"Paper\":\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joule.2018.12.019\"},\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{\"liu,  h\":\"https://bibbase.org/service/mendeley/acecf9ac-a9eb-39c3-b1a6-bdadc9df448a\",\"liu, h\":\"http://chemiris.chem.binghamton.edu/LIU/pubs.html\"}},\"downloads\":0,\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"article\",\"type\":\"article\",\"title\":\"Automatic Tuning Matching Cycler (ATMC) in situ NMR spectroscopy as a novel approach for real-time investigations of Li- and Na-ion batteries\",\"volume\":\"265\",\"copyright\":\"All rights reserved\",\"issn\":\"10907807\",\"url\":\"http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1090780716000902\",\"doi\":\"10.1016/j.jmr.2016.02.008\",\"journal\":\"Journal of Magnetic Resonance\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Pecher\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Oliver\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Bayley\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Paul\",\"M.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Liu\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Hao\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Liu\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Zigeng\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Trease\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Nicole\",\"M.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Grey\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Clare\",\"P.\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"month\":\"April\",\"year\":\"2016\",\"pages\":\"200–209\",\"bibtex\":\"@article{pecher_automatic_2016,\\n\\ttitle = {Automatic {Tuning} {Matching} {Cycler} ({ATMC}) in situ {NMR} spectroscopy as a novel approach for real-time investigations of {Li}- and {Na}-ion batteries},\\n\\tvolume = {265},\\n\\tcopyright = {All rights reserved},\\n\\tissn = {10907807},\\n\\turl = {http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1090780716000902},\\n\\tdoi = {10.1016/j.jmr.2016.02.008},\\n\\tjournal = {Journal of Magnetic Resonance},\\n\\tauthor = {Pecher, Oliver and Bayley, Paul M. and Liu, Hao and Liu, Zigeng and Trease, Nicole M. and Grey, Clare P.},\\n\\tmonth = apr,\\n\\tyear = {2016},\\n\\tpages = {200--209},\\n}\\n\\n\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Pecher, O.\",\"Bayley, P. M.\",\"Liu, H.\",\"Liu, Z.\",\"Trease, N. M.\",\"Grey, C. P.\"],\"key\":\"pecher_automatic_2016\",\"id\":\"pecher_automatic_2016\",\"bibbaseid\":\"pecher-bayley-liu-liu-trease-grey-automatictuningmatchingcycleratmcinsitunmrspectroscopyasanovelapproachforrealtimeinvestigationsofliandnaionbatteries-2016\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{\"Paper\":\"http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1090780716000902\"},\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{\"liu,  h\":\"https://bibbase.org/service/mendeley/acecf9ac-a9eb-39c3-b1a6-bdadc9df448a\",\"liu, h\":\"http://chemiris.chem.binghamton.edu/LIU/pubs.html\"}},\"downloads\":1,\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"article\",\"type\":\"article\",\"title\":\"Localized concentration reversal of lithium during intercalation into nanoparticles\",\"volume\":\"4\",\"copyright\":\"All rights reserved\",\"issn\":\"2375-2548\",\"url\":\"http://advances.sciencemag.org/lookup/doi/10.1126/sciadv.aao2608\",\"doi\":\"10.1126/sciadv.aao2608\",\"abstract\":\"Nanoparticulate electrodes, such as Li x FePO4, have unique advantages over their microparticulate counterparts for the applications in Li-ion batteries because of the shortened diffusion path and access to nonequilibrium routes for fast Li incorporation, thus radically boosting power density of the electrodes. However, how Li intercalation occurs locally in a single nanoparticle of such materials remains unresolved because real-time observation at such a fine scale is still lacking. We report visualization of local Li intercalation via solid-solution transformation in individual Li x FePO4 nanoparticles, enabled by probing sub-angstrom changes in the lattice spacing in situ. The real-time observation reveals inhomogeneous intercalation, accompanied with an unexpected reversal of Li concentration at the nanometer scale. The origin of the reversal phenomenon is elucidated through phase-field simulations, and it is attributed to the presence of structurally different regions that have distinct chemical potential functions. The findings from this study provide a new perspective on the local intercalation dynamics in battery electrodes.\",\"number\":\"1\",\"journal\":\"Science Advances\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Zhang\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Wei\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Yu\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Hui-Chia\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Wu\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Lijun\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Liu\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Hao\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Abdellahi\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Aziz\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Qiu\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Bao\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Bai\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Jianming\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Orvananos\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Bernardo\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Strobridge\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Fiona\",\"C.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Zhou\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Xufeng\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Liu\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Zhaoping\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Ceder\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Gerbrand\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Zhu\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Yimei\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Thornton\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Katsuyo\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Grey\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Clare\",\"P.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Wang\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Feng\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"year\":\"2018\",\"pages\":\"eaao2608\",\"bibtex\":\"@article{zhang_localized_2018,\\n\\ttitle = {Localized concentration reversal of lithium during intercalation into nanoparticles},\\n\\tvolume = {4},\\n\\tcopyright = {All rights reserved},\\n\\tissn = {2375-2548},\\n\\turl = {http://advances.sciencemag.org/lookup/doi/10.1126/sciadv.aao2608},\\n\\tdoi = {10.1126/sciadv.aao2608},\\n\\tabstract = {Nanoparticulate electrodes, such as Li x FePO4, have unique advantages over their microparticulate counterparts for the applications in Li-ion batteries because of the shortened diffusion path and access to nonequilibrium routes for fast Li incorporation, thus radically boosting power density of the electrodes. However, how Li intercalation occurs locally in a single nanoparticle of such materials remains unresolved because real-time observation at such a fine scale is still lacking. We report visualization of local Li intercalation via solid-solution transformation in individual Li x FePO4 nanoparticles, enabled by probing sub-angstrom changes in the lattice spacing in situ. The real-time observation reveals inhomogeneous intercalation, accompanied with an unexpected reversal of Li concentration at the nanometer scale. The origin of the reversal phenomenon is elucidated through phase-field simulations, and it is attributed to the presence of structurally different regions that have distinct chemical potential functions. The findings from this study provide a new perspective on the local intercalation dynamics in battery electrodes.},\\n\\tnumber = {1},\\n\\tjournal = {Science Advances},\\n\\tauthor = {Zhang, Wei and Yu, Hui-Chia and Wu, Lijun and Liu, Hao and Abdellahi, Aziz and Qiu, Bao and Bai, Jianming and Orvananos, Bernardo and Strobridge, Fiona C. and Zhou, Xufeng and Liu, Zhaoping and Ceder, Gerbrand and Zhu, Yimei and Thornton, Katsuyo and Grey, Clare P. and Wang, Feng},\\n\\tyear = {2018},\\n\\tpages = {eaao2608},\\n}\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Zhang, W.\",\"Yu, H.\",\"Wu, L.\",\"Liu, H.\",\"Abdellahi, A.\",\"Qiu, B.\",\"Bai, J.\",\"Orvananos, B.\",\"Strobridge, F. C.\",\"Zhou, X.\",\"Liu, Z.\",\"Ceder, G.\",\"Zhu, Y.\",\"Thornton, K.\",\"Grey, C. P.\",\"Wang, F.\"],\"key\":\"zhang_localized_2018\",\"id\":\"zhang_localized_2018\",\"bibbaseid\":\"zhang-yu-wu-liu-abdellahi-qiu-bai-orvananos-etal-localizedconcentrationreversaloflithiumduringintercalationintonanoparticles-2018\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{\"Paper\":\"http://advances.sciencemag.org/lookup/doi/10.1126/sciadv.aao2608\"},\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{\"liu,  h\":\"https://bibbase.org/service/mendeley/acecf9ac-a9eb-39c3-b1a6-bdadc9df448a\",\"liu, h\":\"http://chemiris.chem.binghamton.edu/LIU/pubs.html\"}},\"downloads\":0,\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"article\",\"type\":\"article\",\"title\":\"Mapping the Inhomogeneous Electrochemical Reaction Through Porous LiFePO$_{\\\\textrm{4}}$ -Electrodes in a Standard Coin Cell Battery\",\"volume\":\"27\",\"copyright\":\"All rights reserved\",\"issn\":\"0897-4756\",\"url\":\"http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/cm504317a\",\"doi\":\"10.1021/cm504317a\",\"number\":\"7\",\"journal\":\"Chemistry of Materials\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Strobridge\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Fiona\",\"C.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Orvananos\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Bernardo\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Croft\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Mark\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Yu\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Hui-Chia\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Robert\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Rosa\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Liu\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Hao\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Zhong\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Zhong\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Connolley\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Thomas\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Drakopoulos\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Michael\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Thornton\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Katsuyo\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Grey\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Clare\",\"P.\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"month\":\"April\",\"year\":\"2015\",\"pages\":\"2374–2386\",\"bibtex\":\"@article{strobridge_mapping_2015,\\n\\ttitle = {Mapping the {Inhomogeneous} {Electrochemical} {Reaction} {Through} {Porous} {LiFePO}$_{\\\\textrm{4}}$ -{Electrodes} in a {Standard} {Coin} {Cell} {Battery}},\\n\\tvolume = {27},\\n\\tcopyright = {All rights reserved},\\n\\tissn = {0897-4756},\\n\\turl = {http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/cm504317a},\\n\\tdoi = {10.1021/cm504317a},\\n\\tnumber = {7},\\n\\tjournal = {Chemistry of Materials},\\n\\tauthor = {Strobridge, Fiona C. and Orvananos, Bernardo and Croft, Mark and Yu, Hui-Chia and Robert, Rosa and Liu, Hao and Zhong, Zhong and Connolley, Thomas and Drakopoulos, Michael and Thornton, Katsuyo and Grey, Clare P.},\\n\\tmonth = apr,\\n\\tyear = {2015},\\n\\tpages = {2374--2386},\\n}\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Strobridge, F. C.\",\"Orvananos, B.\",\"Croft, M.\",\"Yu, H.\",\"Robert, R.\",\"Liu, H.\",\"Zhong, Z.\",\"Connolley, T.\",\"Drakopoulos, M.\",\"Thornton, K.\",\"Grey, C. P.\"],\"key\":\"strobridge_mapping_2015\",\"id\":\"strobridge_mapping_2015\",\"bibbaseid\":\"strobridge-orvananos-croft-yu-robert-liu-zhong-connolley-etal-mappingtheinhomogeneouselectrochemicalreactionthroughporouslifepotextrm4electrodesinastandardcoincellbattery-2015\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{\"Paper\":\"http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/cm504317a\"},\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{\"liu, h\":\"http://chemiris.chem.binghamton.edu/LIU/pubs.html\"}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"article\",\"type\":\"article\",\"title\":\"A radially accessible tubular in situ X-ray cell for spatially resolved operando scattering and spectroscopic studies of electrochemical energy storage devices\",\"volume\":\"49\",\"copyright\":\"All rights reserved\",\"issn\":\"1600-5767\",\"url\":\"http://scripts.iucr.org/cgi-bin/paper?S1600576716012632\",\"doi\":\"10.1107/S1600576716012632\",\"abstract\":\"A tubular operando electrochemical cell has been developed to allow spatially resolved X-ray scattering and spectroscopic measurements of individual cell components, or regions thereof, during device operation. These measurements are enabled by the tubular cell geometry, wherein the X-ray-transparent tube walls allow radial access for the incident and scattered/transmitted X-ray beam; by probing different depths within the electrode stack, the transformation of different components or regions can be resolved. The cell is compatible with a variety of synchrotron-based scattering, absorption and imaging methodologies. The reliability of the electrochemical cell and the quality of the resulting X-ray scattering and spectroscopic data are demonstrated for two types of energy storage: the evolution of the distribution of the state of charge of an Li-ion battery electrode during cycling is documented using X-ray powder diffraction, and the redistribution of ions between two porous carbon electrodes in an electrochemical double-layer capacitor is documented using X-ray absorption near-edge spectroscopy.\",\"number\":\"5\",\"journal\":\"Journal of Applied Crystallography\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Liu\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Hao\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Allan\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Phoebe\",\"K.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Borkiewicz\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Olaf\",\"J.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Kurtz\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Charles\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Grey\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Clare\",\"P.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Chapman\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Karena\",\"W.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Chupas\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Peter\",\"J.\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"month\":\"October\",\"year\":\"2016\",\"note\":\"Publisher: International Union of Crystallography\",\"pages\":\"1665–1673\",\"bibtex\":\"@article{liu_radially_2016,\\n\\ttitle = {A radially accessible tubular in situ {X}-ray cell for spatially resolved operando scattering and spectroscopic studies of electrochemical energy storage devices},\\n\\tvolume = {49},\\n\\tcopyright = {All rights reserved},\\n\\tissn = {1600-5767},\\n\\turl = {http://scripts.iucr.org/cgi-bin/paper?S1600576716012632},\\n\\tdoi = {10.1107/S1600576716012632},\\n\\tabstract = {A tubular operando electrochemical cell has been developed to allow spatially resolved X-ray scattering and spectroscopic measurements of individual cell components, or regions thereof, during device operation. These measurements are enabled by the tubular cell geometry, wherein the X-ray-transparent tube walls allow radial access for the incident and scattered/transmitted X-ray beam; by probing different depths within the electrode stack, the transformation of different components or regions can be resolved. The cell is compatible with a variety of synchrotron-based scattering, absorption and imaging methodologies. The reliability of the electrochemical cell and the quality of the resulting X-ray scattering and spectroscopic data are demonstrated for two types of energy storage: the evolution of the distribution of the state of charge of an Li-ion battery electrode during cycling is documented using X-ray powder diffraction, and the redistribution of ions between two porous carbon electrodes in an electrochemical double-layer capacitor is documented using X-ray absorption near-edge spectroscopy.},\\n\\tnumber = {5},\\n\\tjournal = {Journal of Applied Crystallography},\\n\\tauthor = {Liu, Hao and Allan, Phoebe K. and Borkiewicz, Olaf J. and Kurtz, Charles and Grey, Clare P. and Chapman, Karena W. and Chupas, Peter J.},\\n\\tmonth = oct,\\n\\tyear = {2016},\\n\\tnote = {Publisher: International Union of Crystallography},\\n\\tpages = {1665--1673},\\n}\\n\\n\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Liu, H.\",\"Allan, P. K.\",\"Borkiewicz, O. J.\",\"Kurtz, C.\",\"Grey, C. P.\",\"Chapman, K. W.\",\"Chupas, P. J.\"],\"key\":\"liu_radially_2016\",\"id\":\"liu_radially_2016\",\"bibbaseid\":\"liu-allan-borkiewicz-kurtz-grey-chapman-chupas-aradiallyaccessibletubularinsituxraycellforspatiallyresolvedoperandoscatteringandspectroscopicstudiesofelectrochemicalenergystoragedevices-2016\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{\"Paper\":\"http://scripts.iucr.org/cgi-bin/paper?S1600576716012632\"},\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{\"liu,  h\":\"https://bibbase.org/service/mendeley/acecf9ac-a9eb-39c3-b1a6-bdadc9df448a\",\"liu, h\":\"http://chemiris.chem.binghamton.edu/LIU/pubs.html\"}},\"downloads\":0,\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"article\",\"type\":\"article\",\"title\":\"Capturing metastable structures during high-rate cycling of LiFePO₄ nanoparticle electrodes.\",\"volume\":\"344\",\"copyright\":\"All rights reserved\",\"issn\":\"1095-9203\",\"url\":\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24970091\",\"doi\":\"10.1126/science.1252817\",\"abstract\":\"The absence of a phase transformation involving substantial structural rearrangements and large volume changes is generally considered to be a key characteristic underpinning the high-rate capability of any battery electrode material. In apparent contradiction, nanoparticulate LiFePO4, a commercially important cathode material, displays exceptionally high rates, whereas its lithium-composition phase diagram indicates that it should react via a kinetically limited, two-phase nucleation and growth process. Knowledge concerning the equilibrium phases is therefore insufficient, and direct investigation of the dynamic process is required. Using time-resolved in situ x-ray powder diffraction, we reveal the existence of a continuous metastable solid solution phase during rapid lithium extraction and insertion. This nonequilibrium facile phase transformation route provides a mechanism for realizing high-rate capability of electrode materials that operate via two-phase reactions.\",\"urldate\":\"2014-07-10\",\"journal\":\"Science (New York, N.Y.)\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Liu\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Hao\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Strobridge\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Fiona\",\"C\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Borkiewicz\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Olaf\",\"J\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Wiaderek\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Kamila\",\"M\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Chapman\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Karena\",\"W\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Chupas\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Peter\",\"J\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Grey\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Clare\",\"P\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"month\":\"June\",\"year\":\"2014\",\"pmid\":\"24970091\",\"pages\":\"1252817\",\"bibtex\":\"@article{liu_capturing_2014,\\n\\ttitle = {Capturing metastable structures during high-rate cycling of {LiFePO}₄ nanoparticle electrodes.},\\n\\tvolume = {344},\\n\\tcopyright = {All rights reserved},\\n\\tissn = {1095-9203},\\n\\turl = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24970091},\\n\\tdoi = {10.1126/science.1252817},\\n\\tabstract = {The absence of a phase transformation involving substantial structural rearrangements and large volume changes is generally considered to be a key characteristic underpinning the high-rate capability of any battery electrode material. In apparent contradiction, nanoparticulate LiFePO4, a commercially important cathode material, displays exceptionally high rates, whereas its lithium-composition phase diagram indicates that it should react via a kinetically limited, two-phase nucleation and growth process. Knowledge concerning the equilibrium phases is therefore insufficient, and direct investigation of the dynamic process is required. Using time-resolved in situ x-ray powder diffraction, we reveal the existence of a continuous metastable solid solution phase during rapid lithium extraction and insertion. This nonequilibrium facile phase transformation route provides a mechanism for realizing high-rate capability of electrode materials that operate via two-phase reactions.},\\n\\turldate = {2014-07-10},\\n\\tjournal = {Science (New York, N.Y.)},\\n\\tauthor = {Liu, Hao and Strobridge, Fiona C and Borkiewicz, Olaf J and Wiaderek, Kamila M and Chapman, Karena W and Chupas, Peter J and Grey, Clare P},\\n\\tmonth = jun,\\n\\tyear = {2014},\\n\\tpmid = {24970091},\\n\\tpages = {1252817},\\n}\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Liu, H.\",\"Strobridge, F. C\",\"Borkiewicz, O. J\",\"Wiaderek, K. M\",\"Chapman, K. W\",\"Chupas, P. J\",\"Grey, C. P\"],\"key\":\"liu_capturing_2014\",\"id\":\"liu_capturing_2014\",\"bibbaseid\":\"liu-strobridge-borkiewicz-wiaderek-chapman-chupas-grey-capturingmetastablestructuresduringhighratecyclingoflifeponanoparticleelectrodes-2014\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{\"Paper\":\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24970091\"},\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{\"liu,  h\":\"https://bibbase.org/service/mendeley/acecf9ac-a9eb-39c3-b1a6-bdadc9df448a\",\"liu, h\":\"http://chemiris.chem.binghamton.edu/LIU/pubs.html\"}},\"downloads\":1,\"html\":\"\"}],\n      metadata: {\"owner\":\"liu, h\",\"authorlinks\":{\"liu, h\":\"http://chemiris.chem.binghamton.edu/LIU/pubs.html\"}},\n      ownerID: \"pbhj6RNk56nBYRKYN\"\n    };\n  </script>\n\n  <script type=\"text/javascript\">\n  var site$;\n  if (typeof $ != 'undefined') {\n    console.log('existing jquery: storing and then restoring');\n    site$ = $;\n    $ = null;\n  }\n  </script>\n\n  <script src=\"https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/2.2.4/jquery.min.js\">\n  </script>\n  <script type=\"text/javascript\">\n  if (site$) {\n    console.log('existing jquery: avoiding conflict and restoring');\n    bb$ = $.noConflict(true);\n    $ = site$;\n  } else {\n    bb$ = $;\n  }\n  </script>\n\n  <script src=\"//bibbase.org/js/bibbase.min.js\"\n          type=\"text/javascript\">\n  </script>\n\n  <script type=\"text/javascript\"\n          src=\"https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/mathjax/2.7.1/MathJax.js?config=TeX-AMS-MML_HTMLorMML\">\n  </script>\n  <script type=\"text/x-mathjax-config\">\n    MathJax.Hub.Config({tex2jax: {inlineMath: [['$','$'], ['\\\\(','\\\\)']]},\n                        skipTags: [\"body\"],\n                        processClass: \"bibbase_paper\"});\n  </script>\n\n  <style>\n  @media print {\n    .dontprint {\n        display: none !important;\n    }\n\n  .bibbase_group {\n    background-color: #E0E0E0;\n    font-style: italic;\n    font-size: larger;\n    text-shadow: 0px 0px 3px #FFFFFF;\n    border-radius: 4px 4px 4px 4px;\n    -moz-border-radius: 4px 4px 4px 4px;\n    -webkit-border-radius: 4px;\n    padding: 5px 40px 5px;\n    margin-top: 10px;\n    margin-bottom: 5px;\n    cursor: pointer;\n  }\n\n  .bibbase_paper {\n    margin-bottom: 5px;\n  }\n\n  }\n  </style>\n\n  \n  <div style=\"float: right; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 10px; text-align: right; font-size: 12px\">\n    generated by\n    <a href=\"//bibbase.org\"\n       onclick=\"trackOutboundLink('bibbase', 'logo clicked', window.location.href, '//bibbase.org'); return false;\">\n      <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/logo.svg\"\n           style=\"vertical-align: middle; margin-left: 3px; height: 16px;\"/\n           alt=\"bibbase.org\"\n           title=\"BibBase – The easiest way to maintain your publications page.\"\n        ></a>\n    \n  </div>\n  \n\n  <div id=\"bibbase_header\" class=\"dontprint\" style=\"\">\n\n    <ul class=\"nav nav-pills\" style=\"margin: 0px;\">\n\n      <li class=\"dropdown\" id=\"groupby_dropdown\">\n      <a class=\"dropdown-toggle\"\n         data-toggle=\"dropdown\"\n         href=\"#\">\n          Group by\n          <b class=\"caret\"></b>\n      </a>\n      <ul class=\"dropdown-menu\">\n        <li class=\"groupby year\"><a onclick=\"groupby('year')\">\n            Year</a>\n        </li>\n        <li class=\"groupby author\"><a onclick=\"groupby('author_short')\">\n            Author</a>\n        </li>\n        <li class=\"groupby type\"><a onclick=\"groupby('type')\">\n            Type</a>\n        </li>\n        <li class=\"groupby keyword\"><a onclick=\"groupby('keyword')\">\n            Keyword</a>\n        </li>\n        <li class=\"groupby downloads\"><a onclick=\"groupby('downloads')\">\n            Downloads</a>\n        </li>\n      </ul>\n      </li>\n\n\n      <li class=\"dropdown\" id=\"menu_dropdown\">\n      <a class=\"dropdown-toggle\"\n         data-toggle=\"dropdown\"\n         href=\"#\" alt=\"controls\">\n          <i class=\"fa fa-reorder\" alt=\"controls\"></i>\n          <b class=\"caret\"></b>\n      </a>\n      <ul class=\"dropdown-menu\">\n        <li>\n          <a onclick=\"toggleAll()\">\n            <i class=\"fa fa-chevron-down fa-fw\"></i> Expand/Collapse All\n          </a>\n        </li>\n        <li>\n          <a download=\"liu.hao\" href=\"data:text/bibtex;base64,@article{peiris_polyvinylidene_2025,
	title = {Polyvinylidene {Fluoride} ({PVDF})–{Trimethylaluminum} ({TMA}) {Chemistry}: {First}-{Principles} {Investigation} and {Experimental} {Insights}},
	volume = {17},
	copyright = {https://doi.org/10.15223/policy-029},
	issn = {1944-8244, 1944-8252},
	shorttitle = {Polyvinylidene {Fluoride} ({PVDF})–{Trimethylaluminum} ({TMA}) {Chemistry}},
	url = {https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acsami.4c14135},
	doi = {10.1021/acsami.4c14135},
	abstract = {Atomic layer deposition (ALD) is a popular method of coating battery electrodes with metal oxides for improved cycling stability. While significant research has focused on the interaction between the reactive metal alkyl precursor and the electrode materials, little is known about the reactivity of the precursor toward other components of the battery electrode, such as the polymer binder. This study presents a combined computational and experimental investigation of the reaction between the popular polyvinylidene (PVDF) binder and the trimethylaluminum (TMA) precursor commonly used for coating Al2O3 by ALD. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) was used to interrogate the reactivity of PVDF toward TMA and to characterize the reaction products. Density functional theory (DFT) simulations identified an exothermic reaction of TMA with PVDF, yielding methane (CH4), dimethyl aluminum fluoride, and nonsaturated carbons at the reaction site in the PVDF backbone, which is well aligned with XPS results. The newfound chemistry involving TMA and PVDF reveals that PVDF undergoes side reactions in ALD, contradicting the previous belief that PVDF is chemically inert as a battery binder. This discovery prompts a reassessment of PVDF’s application scenarios in the battery industry.},
	language = {en},
	number = {3},
	urldate = {2025-02-12},
	journal = {ACS Applied Materials \& Interfaces},
	author = {Peiris, M. D. Hashan C. and Huang, Heran and Liu, Hao and Smeu, Manuel},
	month = jan,
	year = {2025},
	pages = {4744--4753},
}





@article{wang_unconventional_2024,
	title = {Unconventional charge compensation mechanism for proton insertion in aqueous {Zn}-ion batteries},
	copyright = {All rights reserved},
	issn = {2050-7488, 2050-7496},
	url = {http://pubs.rsc.org/en/Content/ArticleLanding/2024/TA/D4TA05214E},
	doi = {10.1039/D4TA05214E},
	abstract = {Aqueous Zn-ion batteries have been proposed as safe and economical options for large-scale energy storage. In theory, they operate by reversibly shuttling zinc ions between a metallic zinc anode and...
          , 
            Aqueous Zn-ion batteries have been proposed as safe and economical options for large-scale energy storage. In theory, they operate by reversibly shuttling zinc ions between a metallic zinc anode and a cathode material for Zn2+ ion intercalation through an aqueous electrolyte of a zinc salt solution. In practice, protons (H+) in the aqueous electrolyte can compete with and even predominate Zn2+ in the intercalation reaction. A diagnostic consequence of H+, as opposed to Zn2+, insertion is the precipitation of layered double hydroxide (LDH) crystals, which can be readily identified by electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction measurements. Absence of LDH formation has been perceived as evidence for Zn2+ insertion. Using a combination of X-ray diffraction, electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, we reveal a different charge compensation mechanism in a vanadyl phosphate electrode, where H+ insertion predominates in an aqueous Zn(CF3SO3)2 electrolyte. The H+ insertion induces a conformal deposition of an amorphous ZnO layer on the electrode particle, which cannot be captured by scanning electron microscopy or X-ray diffraction. Our work underlines the complexity of the charge compensation mechanism in aqueous Zn-ion batteries, which is relevant to other multivalent systems.},
	language = {en},
	urldate = {2024-11-01},
	journal = {Journal of Materials Chemistry A},
	author = {Wang, Jiwei and Huang, Heran and Qiao, Linna and Wang, Haonan and Lee, Krystal and Zhou, Guangwen and Liu, Hao},
	year = {2024},
	pages = {10.1039.D4TA05214E},
}





@article{niu_is_2024,
	title = {Is surface modification effective to stabilize high-voltage cycling for layered {P2}-{Na} $_{\textrm{2/3}}$ {Ni} $_{\textrm{1/3}}$ {Mn} $_{\textrm{2/3}}$ {O} $_{\textrm{2}}$ cathodes?},
	copyright = {All rights reserved},
	issn = {1359-7345, 1364-548X},
	url = {https://xlink.rsc.org/?DOI=D4CC02819H},
	doi = {10.1039/D4CC02819H},
	abstract = {Surface coating of Na
              2/3
              Ni
              1/2
              Mn
              2/3
              O
              2
              particles suppresses high-voltage polarization but not capacity fade, which is dominated by bulk structure degradation.
            
          , 
            
              Layered transition metal oxides (TMOs), like the P2-type Na
              2/3
              Ni
              1/3
              Mn
              2/3
              O
              2
              , are promising cathodes for sodium-ion batteries but suffer rapid capacity degradation at high voltages. Surface engineering is a popular strategy to modify the high-voltage stability of cathode materials, yet its efficacy for sodium layered TMOs remains elusive, especially given the deleterious layer-gliding phase transition during high-voltage operation. Here, we examined the effect of surface coatings on the high-voltage cycling stability of Na
              2/3
              Ni
              1/3
              Mn
              2/3
              O
              2
              , finding that they suppress high-voltage polarization but do not significantly affect capacity retention, which is mainly impacted by bulk structure degradation. Hence, surface engineering must be complemented with bulk structure modification to stabilize high-voltage cycling.},
	language = {en},
	urldate = {2024-09-23},
	journal = {Chemical Communications},
	author = {Niu, Fangzhou and Qiao, Linna and Huang, Heran and Odero, Elninoh A. and Zhou, Guangwen and Liu, Hao},
	year = {2024},
	pages = {10.1039.D4CC02819H},
}





@article{pei_fatigue_2024,
	title = {Fatigue {Phase} {Suppression} in {Aged} {High} {Nickel} {Layered} {Cathodes} by {Aluminum} {Substitution} during {Co}-precipitation},
	volume = {9},
	copyright = {https://doi.org/10.15223/policy-029},
	issn = {2380-8195, 2380-8195},
	url = {https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acsenergylett.4c01199},
	doi = {10.1021/acsenergylett.4c01199},
	language = {en},
	number = {8},
	urldate = {2024-08-25},
	journal = {ACS Energy Letters},
	author = {Pei, Ben and Zhou, Hui and Zong, Yanxu and Chen, Xiaobo and Zuba, Mateusz J. and Zhou, Guangwen and Liu, Hao and Whittingham, M. Stanley},
	month = aug,
	year = {2024},
	pages = {3913--3921},
}





@article{huang_efficacy_2024,
	title = {Efficacy of atomic layer deposition of {Al2O3} on composite {LiNi0}.{8Mn0}.{1Co0}.{1O2} electrode for {Li}-ion batteries},
	volume = {14},
	copyright = {All rights reserved},
	issn = {2045-2322},
	url = {https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-024-69330-6},
	doi = {10.1038/s41598-024-69330-6},
	language = {en},
	number = {1},
	urldate = {2024-08-16},
	journal = {Scientific Reports},
	author = {Huang, Heran and Qiao, Linna and Zhou, Hui and Tang, Yalun and Wahila, Matthew J. and Liu, Haodong and Liu, Ping and Zhou, Guangwen and Smeu, Manuel and Liu, Hao},
	month = aug,
	year = {2024},
	pages = {18180},
}





@article{peiris_electrolyte_2024,
	title = {Electrolyte reactivity, oxygen states, and degradation mechanisms of nickel-rich cathodes},
	volume = {5},
	copyright = {All rights reserved},
	issn = {26663864},
	url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S2666386424003084},
	doi = {10.1016/j.xcrp.2024.102039},
	language = {en},
	number = {6},
	urldate = {2024-06-30},
	journal = {Cell Reports Physical Science},
	author = {Peiris, M.D. Hashan C. and Liepinya, Diana and Liu, Hao and Smeu, Manuel},
	month = jun,
	year = {2024},
	pages = {102039},
}





@article{wang_unraveling_2023,
	title = {Unraveling the {Multielectron} {Redox} {Reactions} of β-{VOPO} $_{\textrm{4}}$ for {Sodium} {Ion} {Batteries}},
	copyright = {All rights reserved},
	issn = {0897-4756, 1520-5002},
	url = {https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.chemmater.3c02294},
	doi = {10.1021/acs.chemmater.3c02294},
	language = {en},
	urldate = {2023-11-05},
	journal = {Chemistry of Materials},
	author = {Wang, Jiwei and Lee, Krystal and Whittingham, M. Stanley and Liu, Hao},
	month = nov,
	year = {2023},
	pages = {acs.chemmater.3c02294},
}





@article{lee_complex_2023,
	title = {Complex defect chemistry of hydrothermally-synthesized {Nb}-substituted β′-{LiVOPO} $_{\textrm{4}}$},
	volume = {11},
	copyright = {All rights reserved},
	issn = {2050-7488, 2050-7496},
	url = {http://xlink.rsc.org/?DOI=D3TA01152F},
	doi = {10.1039/D3TA01152F},
	abstract = {Nb substitution
              via
              hydrothermal synthesis led to a new β′-LiVOPO
              4
              phase with complex defect chemistries. The samples showed improved high-voltage rate capabilities and an enlarged voltage hysteresis due to a partial V
              4+
              /V
              3+
              redox reaction.
            
          , 
            
              Lithium vanadyl phosphate (LiVOPO
              4
              ) is a next-generation multielectron battery cathode that can intercalate up to two Li-ions per V-ion through the redox couples of V
              4+
              /V
              3+
              and V
              5+
              /V
              4+
              . However, its rate capacity is undermined by the sluggish Li-ion diffusion in the high-voltage region (4 V for V
              5+
              /V
              4+
              redox). Nb substitution was used to expand the crystal lattice to facilitate Li-ion diffusion. In this work, Nb substitution was achieved
              via
              hydrothermal synthesis, which resulted in a new, lower symmetry β′-LiVOPO
              4
              phase with preferential Nb occupation of one of the two V sites. This phase presents complex defect chemistries, including cation vacancies and hydrogen interstitials, characterized by a combination of X-ray and neutron diffraction, elemental and thermogravimetric analyses, X-ray absorption spectroscopy, and magnetic susceptibility measurements. The Nb-substituted samples demonstrated improved capacity retention and rate capabilities in the high-voltage region, albeit an enlarged voltage hysteresis related to a partial V
              4+
              /V
              3+
              redox reaction, as evidenced by
              ex situ
              X-ray absorption spectroscopy and pair distribution function analysis. This work highlights the importance of understanding the complex defect chemistry and its consequence on electrochemistry in polyanionic intercalation compounds.},
	language = {en},
	number = {20},
	urldate = {2023-10-11},
	journal = {Journal of Materials Chemistry A},
	author = {Lee, Krystal and Zhou, Hui and Zuba, Mateusz and Kaplan, Carol and Zong, Yanxu and Qiao, Linna and Zhou, Guangwen and Chernova, Natasha A. and Liu, Hao and Whittingham, M. Stanley},
	year = {2023},
	pages = {10834--10849},
}





@article{grenier_intrinsic_2020,
	title = {Intrinsic {Kinetic} {Limitations} in {Substituted} {Lithium}-{Layered} {Transition}-{Metal} {Oxide} {Electrodes}},
	volume = {142},
	copyright = {All rights reserved},
	url = {https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jacs.9b13551},
	doi = {10.1021/jacs.9b13551},
	abstract = {Substituted Li-layered transition-metal oxide (LTMO) electrodes such as Li x Ni y Mn z Co 1−y−z O 2 (NMC) and Li x Ni y Co 1−y−z Al z O 2 (NCA) show reduced first cycle Coulombic efficiency (90−87\% under standard cycling conditions) in comparison with the archetypal Li x CoO 2 (LCO; ∼98\% efficiency). Focusing on Li x Ni 0.8 Co 0.15 Al 0.05 O 2 as a model compound, we use operando synchrotron X-ray diffraction (XRD) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy to demonstrate that the apparent first-cycle capacity loss is a kinetic effect linked to limited Li mobility at x {\textgreater} 0.88, with near full capacity recovered during a potentiostatic hold following the galvanostatic charge− discharge cycle. This kinetic capacity loss, unlike many capacity losses in LTMOs, is independent of the cutoff voltage during delithiation and it is a reversible process. The kinetic limitation manifests not only as the kinetic capacity loss during discharge but as a subtle bimodal compositional distribution early in charge and, also, a dramatic increase of the charge−discharge voltage hysteresis at x {\textgreater} 0.88. 7 Li NMR measurements indicate that the kinetic limitation reflects limited Li transport at x {\textgreater} 0.86. Electrochemical measurements on a wider range of LTMOs including Li x (Ni,Fe) y Co 1−y O 2 suggest that 5\% substitution is sufficient to induce the kinetic limitation and that the effect is not limited to Ni substitution. We outline how, in addition to a reduction in the number of Li vacancies and shrinkage of the Li-layer size, the intrinsic charge storage mechanism (two-phase vs solid-solution) and localization of charge give rise to additional kinetic barriers in NCA and nonmetallic LTMOs in general.},
	number = {15},
	urldate = {2020-04-08},
	journal = {Journal of American Chemical Society},
	author = {Grenier, Antonin and Reeves, Philip J and Liu, Hao and Seymour, Ieuan D and Mä, Katharina and Wiaderek, Kamila M and Chupas, Peter J and Grey, Clare P and Chapman, Karena W},
	month = mar,
	year = {2020},
	pages = {7001--7011},
}





@article{jing_carbon_2023,
	title = {Carbon {Foam}/{CaCl} $_{\textrm{2}}$ ·{6H} $_{\textrm{2}}$ {O} {Composite} as a {Phase}-{Change} {Material} for {Thermal} {Energy} {Storage}},
	copyright = {All rights reserved},
	issn = {0887-0624, 1520-5029},
	url = {https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.energyfuels.3c01275},
	doi = {10.1021/acs.energyfuels.3c01275},
	abstract = {Inorganic salt hydrates are promising phase-change materials (PCMs) for thermal energy storage due to their high latent heat of fusion. However, their practical application is often limited by their unstable form, dehydration, large supercooling, and low thermal conductivity. Porous melamine foam and its carbonized derivatives are potential supporting porous materials to encapsulate inorganic salt hydrate PCMs to address these problems. This work investigates the effect of pyrolysis temperature on the morphology and structure of the carbonized foams and their thermal energy storage performance. Pyrolysis of melamine foam at 700−900 °C leads to the formation of crystalline sodium cyanate and sodium carbonate particles on the foam skeleton surface, which allows the spontaneous impregnation of the carbon foam with molten CaCl2·6H2O. The form-stable foam-CaCl2·6H2O composite effectively suppresses supercooling and dehydration, demonstrating the efficacy of carbon foam as a promising supporting material for inorganic salt hydrate PCMs.},
	language = {en},
	urldate = {2023-08-03},
	journal = {Energy \& Fuels},
	author = {Jing, Yikang and Dixit, Kunal and Schiffres, Scott N. and Liu, Hao},
	month = jul,
	year = {2023},
	pages = {acs.energyfuels.3c01275},
}





@article{zhang_oxygen_2022,
	title = {Oxygen {Loss} in {Layered} {Oxide} {Cathodes} for {Li}-{Ion} {Batteries}: {Mechanisms}, {Effects}, and {Mitigation}},
	volume = {122},
	copyright = {All rights reserved},
	issn = {0009-2665},
	doi = {10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00327},
	abstract = {Layered lithium transition metal oxides derived from LiMO2 (M = Co, Ni, Mn, etc.) have been widely adopted as the cathode of Li-ion batteries for portable electronics, electric vehicles and energy storage. Oxygen loss in the layered oxides is one of the major reasons leading to the cycling-induced structural degradation and its associated fade in electrochemical performance. Herein, we review recent progress in understanding the phenomena of oxygen loss and resulting structural degradation in layered oxide cathodes. We first present the major driving forces leading to the oxygen loss and then describe the associated structural degradation resulting from the oxygen loss. We follow this analysis with a discussion of the kinetic pathways that enable oxygen loss, and then we address the resulting electrochemical fade. Finally, we review the possible approaches towards mitigating oxygen loss and the associated electrochemical fade, as well as detailing novel analytical methods for probing the oxygen loss.},
	number = {6},
	journal = {Chemical Reviews},
	author = {Zhang, Hanlei and Liu, Hao and Piper, Louis and Whittingham, M. Stanley and Zhou, Guangwen},
	month = jan,
	year = {2022},
	pages = {5641--5681},
}





@article{trease_identifying_2016,
	title = {Identifying the {Distribution} of {Al}$^{\textrm{3+}}$ in {LiNi}$_{\textrm{0.8}}${Co}$_{\textrm{0.15}}${Al}$_{\textrm{0.05}}${O}$_{\textrm{2}}$},
	volume = {28},
	copyright = {All rights reserved},
	issn = {0897-4756},
	doi = {10.1021/acs.chemmater.6b02797},
	abstract = {The doping of Al into layered Li transition metal (TM) oxide cathode materials, LiTMO$_{\textrm{2}}$, is known to improve the structural and thermal stability, although the origin of the enhanced properties is not well understood. The effect of aluminum doping on layer stabilization has been investigated using a combination of techniques to measure the aluminum distribution in layered LiNi$_{\textrm{0.8}}$Co$_{\textrm{0.15}}$Al$_{\textrm{0.05}}$O$_{\textrm{2}}$ (NCA) over multiple length scales with $^{\textrm{27}}$Al and $^{\textrm{7}}$Li MAS NMR, local electrode atom probe (APT) tomography, X-ray and neutron diffraction, DFT, and SQUID magnetic susceptibility measurements. APT ion maps show a homogenous distribution of Ni, Co, Al and O$_{\textrm{2}}$ throughout the structure at the single particle level in agreement with the high-temperature phase diagram. $^{\textrm{7}}$Li and $^{\textrm{27}}$Al NMR indicates that the Ni3+ ions undergo a dynamic Jahn-Teller (JT) distortion. $^{\textrm{27}}$Al NMR spectra indicate that the Al reduces the strain associated with the JT distortion, by preferential electronic ordering of the JT long bonds directed toward the Al$^{\textrm{3+}}$ ion. The ability to understand the complex atomic and orbital ordering around Al$^{\textrm{3+}}$ demonstrated in the current method will be useful for studying the local environment of Al$^{\textrm{3+}}$ in a range of transition metal oxide battery materials.},
	number = {22},
	journal = {Chemistry of Materials},
	author = {Trease, Nicole and Seymour, Ieuan and Radin, Maxwell and Liu, Haodong and Liu, Hao and Hy, Sunny and Chernova, Natasha and Parikh, Pritesh and Devaraj, Arun and Wiaderek, Kamila and Chupas, Peter and Chapman, Karena and Whittingham, M. Stanley and Meng, Ying Shirley and Van der Ven, Anton and Grey, Clare},
	month = oct,
	year = {2016},
	pages = {8170 -- 8180},
}





@article{wang_reaction_2022,
	title = {Reaction {Mechanism} of {Na}-{Ion} {Deintercalation} in {Na}$_{\textrm{2}}${CoSiO}$_{\textrm{4}}$},
	volume = {126},
	copyright = {All rights reserved},
	issn = {1932-7447},
	doi = {10.1021/acs.jpcc.2c05314},
	abstract = {Sodium transition metal silicates are potential candidate electrode materials to enable two-electron redox per transition metal ion center. Yet, the electrochemical reaction mechanism remains elusive despite the widely reported electrochemical activity for this class of materials as intercalation cathodes for Na-ion batteries. Adopting monoclinic Na$_{\textrm{2}}$CoSiO$_{\textrm{4}}$ as a model compound, we used high-resolution synchrotron X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray pair distribution function (PDF) analysis to elucidate the structure of the partially de-sodiated Na$_{\textrm{2-x}}$CoSiO$_{\textrm{4}}$ phases for the Co$^{\textrm{3+}}$/Co$^{\textrm{2+}}$ redox couple. The appearance of satellite reflections in the intermediate Na$_{\textrm{1.5}}$CoSiO$_{\textrm{4}}$ and NaCoSiO$_{\textrm{4}}$ phases manifests the formation of modulated structures, which are induced by Na$^{\textrm{+}}$/vacancy and Co$^{\textrm{2+}}$/Co$^{\textrm{3+}}$ charge orderings. Accounting for these structural orderings is important to understand the function and performance of sodium transition metal silicate electrodes.},
	number = {40},
	journal = {The Journal of Physical Chemistry C},
	author = {Wang, Jiwei and Hoteling, Grayson and Shepard, Robert and Wahila, Matthew and Wang, Fei and Smeu, Manuel and Liu, Hao},
	month = oct,
	year = {2022},
	pages = {16983 -- 16992},
}





@article{grenier_reaction_2017,
	title = {Reaction {Heterogeneity} in {LiNi}$_{\textrm{0.8}}${Co}$_{\textrm{0.15}}${Al}$_{\textrm{0.05}}${O}$_{\textrm{2}}$ {Induced} by {Surface} {Layer}},
	volume = {29},
	copyright = {All rights reserved},
	issn = {0897-4756},
	doi = {10.1021/acs.chemmater.7b02236},
	abstract = {Through operando synchrotron powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis of layered transition metal oxide electrodes of composition LiNi$_{\textrm{0.8}}$Co$_{\textrm{0.15}}$Al$_{\textrm{0.05}}$O$_{\textrm{2}}$ (NCA), we decouple the intrinsic bulk reaction mechanism from surface-induced effects. For identically prepared and cycled electrodes stored in different environments, we demonstrate that the intrinsic bulk reaction for pristine NCA follows solid-solution mechanism, not a two-phase as suggested previously. By combining high resolution powder X-ray diffraction, diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (DRIFTS) and surface sensitive X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), we demonstrate that adventitious Li$_{\textrm{2}}$CO$_{\textrm{3}}$ forms on the electrode particle surface during exposure to air, through reaction with atmospheric CO2. This surface impedes ionic and electronic transport to the underlying electrode, with progressive erosion of this layer during cycling giving rise to different reaction states in particles with an intact vs an eroded Li$_{\textrm{2}}$CO$_{\textrm{3}}$ surface-coating. This reaction heterogeneity, with a bimodal distribution of reaction states, has previously been interpreted as a “two-phase” reaction mechanism for NCA, as an activation step that only occurs during the first cycle. Similar surface layers may impact the reaction mechanism observed in other electrode materials using bulk probes such as operando powder XRD.},
	number = {17},
	journal = {Chemistry of Materials},
	author = {Grenier, Antonin and Liu, Hao and Wiaderek, Kamila and Lebens-Higgins, Zachary and Borkiewicz, Olaf and Piper, Louis and Chupas, Peter and Chapman, Karena},
	month = aug,
	year = {2017},
	pages = {7345 -- 7352},
}





@article{peiris_computational_2023,
	title = {Computational determination of the solvation structure of {LiBF4} and {LiPF6} salts in battery electrolytes},
	volume = {674},
	copyright = {All rights reserved},
	issn = {09277757},
	url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0927775723009159},
	doi = {10.1016/j.colsurfa.2023.131831},
	language = {en},
	urldate = {2023-06-22},
	journal = {Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects},
	author = {Peiris, M.D. Hashan C. and Brennan, Scott and Liepinya, Diana and Liu, Hao and Smeu, Manuel},
	month = oct,
	year = {2023},
	pages = {131831},
}





@article{fan_surface_2022,
	title = {Surface {Reduction} {Stabilizes} the {Single}-{Crystalline} {Ni}-{Rich} {Layered} {Cathode} for {Li}-{Ion} {Batteries}},
	volume = {14},
	copyright = {All rights reserved},
	issn = {1944-8244},
	url = {https://doi.org/10.26434/chemrxiv-2022-fplt1},
	doi = {10.1021/acsami.2c09937},
	number = {34},
	journal = {ACS Applied Materials \& Interfaces},
	author = {Fan, Qinglu and Zuba, Mateusz Jan and Zong, Yanxu and Menon, Ashok S. and Pacileo, Anthony T. and Piper, Louis F.J. and Zhou, Guangwen and Liu, Hao},
	month = aug,
	year = {2022},
	pages = {38795--38806},
}





@article{liu_quantifying_2019,
	title = {Quantifying {Reaction} and {Rate} {Heterogeneity} in {Battery} {Electrodes} in {3D} through {Operando} {X}-ray {Diffraction} {Computed} {Tomography}},
	volume = {11},
	copyright = {All rights reserved},
	issn = {1944-8244},
	url = {http://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acsami.9b02173},
	doi = {10.1021/acsami.9b02173},
	number = {20},
	journal = {ACS Applied Materials \& Interfaces},
	author = {Liu, Hao and Kazemiabnavi, Saeed and Grenier, Antonin and Vaughan, Gavin and Di Michiel, Marco and Polzin, Bryant J. and Thornton, Katsuyo and Chapman, Karena W. and Chupas, Peter J.},
	month = may,
	year = {2019},
	pages = {18386--18394},
}









@article{liu_identifying_2018,
	title = {Identifying the chemical and structural irreversibility in {LiNi} 0.8 {Co} 0.15 {Al} 0.05 {O} 2 – a model compound for classical layered intercalation},
	volume = {6},
	copyright = {All rights reserved},
	issn = {2050-7488},
	url = {http://xlink.rsc.org/?DOI=C7TA10829J},
	doi = {10.1039/C7TA10829J},
	abstract = {Anisotropic disorder along the c -axis results from static disorder.},
	number = {9},
	urldate = {2018-02-12},
	journal = {Journal of Materials Chemistry A},
	author = {Liu, Haodong and Liu, Hao and Seymour, Ieuan D and Chernova, Natasha and Wiaderek, Kamila M and Trease, Nicole M and Hy, Sunny and Chen, Yan and An, Ke and Zhang, Minghao and Borkiewicz, Olaf J and Lapidus, Saul H and Qiu, Bao and Xia, Yonggao and Liu, Zhaoping and Chupas, Peter J and Chapman, Karena W and Whittingham, M Stanley and Grey, Clare P and Meng, Ying Shirley},
	year = {2018},
	pages = {4189--4198},
}













@article{liu_intergranular_2017,
	title = {Intergranular {Cracking} as a {Major} {Cause} of {Long}-{Term} {Capacity} {Fading} of {Layered} {Cathodes}},
	volume = {17},
	copyright = {All rights reserved},
	issn = {1530-6984},
	url = {http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/acs.nanolett.7b00379},
	doi = {10.1021/acs.nanolett.7b00379},
	number = {6},
	journal = {Nano Letters},
	author = {Liu, Hao and Wolf, Mark and Karki, Khim and Yu, Young-sang and Stach, Eric A and Cabana, Jordi and Chapman, Karena W and Chupas, Peter J},
	month = jun,
	year = {2017},
	pages = {3452--3457},
}





@article{liu_effects_2017,
	title = {Effects of {Antisite} {Defects} on {Li} {Diffusion} in {LiFePO}$_{\textrm{4}}$ {Revealed} by {Li} {Isotope} {Exchange}},
	volume = {121},
	copyright = {All rights reserved},
	issn = {1932-7447},
	url = {http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/acs.jpcc.7b02819},
	doi = {10.1021/acs.jpcc.7b02819},
	number = {22},
	journal = {The Journal of Physical Chemistry C},
	author = {Liu, Hao and Choe, Min-Ju and Enrique, Raul A. and Orvañanos, Bernardo and Zhou, Lina and Liu, Tao and Thornton, Katsuyo and Grey, Clare P.},
	month = jun,
	year = {2017},
	pages = {12025--12036},
}





















@article{lin_thermodynamics_2016,
	title = {Thermodynamics, {Kinetics} and {Structural} {Evolution} of ε-{LiVOPO} 4 over {Multiple} {Lithium} {Intercalation}},
	volume = {28},
	copyright = {All rights reserved},
	issn = {0897-4756},
	url = {http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/acs.chemmater.5b04880},
	doi = {10.1021/acs.chemmater.5b04880},
	number = {6},
	journal = {Chemistry of Materials},
	author = {Lin, Yuh-Chieh and Wen, Bohua and Wiaderek, Kamila M. and Sallis, Shawn and Liu, Hao and Lapidus, Saul H. and Borkiewicz, Olaf J. and Quackenbush, Nicholas F. and Chernova, Natasha A. and Karki, Khim and Omenya, Fredrick and Chupas, Peter J. and Piper, Louis F. J. and Whittingham, M. Stanley and Chapman, Karena W. and Ong, Shyue Ping},
	month = mar,
	year = {2016},
	pages = {1794--1805},
}





@article{strobridge_unraveling_2016,
	title = {Unraveling the {Complex} {Delithiation} {Mechanisms} of {Olivine}-{Type} {Cathode} {Materials}, {LiFe} x {Co} 1– x {PO} 4},
	volume = {28},
	copyright = {All rights reserved},
	issn = {0897-4756},
	url = {http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/acs.chemmater.6b00319},
	doi = {10.1021/acs.chemmater.6b00319},
	number = {11},
	journal = {Chemistry of Materials},
	author = {Strobridge, Fiona C. and Liu, Hao and Leskes, Michal and Borkiewicz, Olaf J. and Wiaderek, Kamila M. and Chupas, Peter J. and Chapman, Karena W. and Grey, Clare P.},
	month = jun,
	year = {2016},
	pages = {3676--3690},
}





@article{liu_influence_2016,
	title = {Influence of particle size, cycling rate and temperature on the lithiation process of anatase {TiO}$_{\textrm{2}}$},
	volume = {4},
	copyright = {All rights reserved},
	issn = {2050-7488},
	url = {http://xlink.rsc.org/?DOI=C6TA00673F},
	doi = {10.1039/C6TA00673F},
	abstract = {A continuous structural change during the (de)lithiation of lithium-ion battery material, anatase TiO 2 , which undergoes a crystal symmetry change, was not found even at high rates.},
	number = {17},
	journal = {Journal of Materials Chemistry A},
	author = {Liu, Hao and Grey, Clare P.},
	year = {2016},
	pages = {6433--6446},
}









@article{lee_structure_2021,
	title = {Structure, {Composition}, and {Electrochemistry} of {Chromium}-{Substituted} ε-{LiVOPO} 4},
	volume = {4},
	copyright = {All rights reserved},
	issn = {2574-0962},
	url = {https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acsaem.0c02634},
	doi = {10.1021/acsaem.0c02634},
	abstract = {Lithium vanadyl phosphate (LiVOPO4) is an attractive cathode material for next-generation lithium-ion batteries, having the ability to reversibly intercalate two Li ions per transition metal redox center to reach a theoretical capacity of 305 mAh g-1. This material has a high energy density with two voltage plateaus of 2 and 4 V. However, reduced capacity retention at faster rates and sluggish kinetics in the high-voltage region leaves much room for improvement. Cr substitution was implemented to mitigate these limitations and enhance the electrochemical performance of ε-LiVOPO4. By various characterization techniques, we have established the composition of the hydrothermally synthesized Cr-substituted samples to be LixHyCrzV1-zOPO4 solid solution (0.80 ≤ x ≦ 0.85, 0.25 ≦ y ≦ 0.60, and z ≦ 0.05). All Cr-substituted samples demonstrated higher coulombic efficiency and superior cycling stability for over 40 cycles at C/15. Electrochemical tests show Cr substitution enhances the Li-ion diffusion in the high-voltage regime and the reaction reversibility of ε-LiVOPO4.},
	number = {2},
	journal = {ACS Applied Energy Materials},
	author = {Lee, Krystal and Siu, Carrie and Hidalgo, Marc F. V. and Rana, Jatinkumar and Zuba, Mateusz and Chung, Youngmin and Omenya, Fredrick and Piper, Louis F. J. and Liu, Hao and Chernova, Natasha A. and Whittingham, M. Stanley},
	month = feb,
	year = {2021},
	pages = {1421--1430},
}





@article{liu_best_2020,
	title = {Best practices for operando depth-resolving battery experiments},
	volume = {53},
	copyright = {All rights reserved},
	issn = {1600-5767},
	url = {http://scripts.iucr.org/cgi-bin/paper?S1600576719016315},
	doi = {10.1107/S1600576719016315},
	abstract = {Operando studies that probe how electrochemical reactions propagate through a battery provide valuable feedback for optimizing the electrode architecture and for mitigating reaction heterogeneity. Transmission-geometry depth-profiling measurements carried out with the beam directed parallel to the battery layers – in a radial geometry – can provide quantitative structural insights that resolve depth-dependent reaction heterogeneity which are not accessible from conventional transmission measurements that traverse all battery layers. However, these spatially resolved measurements are susceptible to aberrations that do not affect conventional perpendicular-beam studies. Key practical considerations that can impact the interpretation of synchrotron depth-profiling studies, which are related to the signal-to-noise ratio, cell alignment and lateral heterogeneity, are described. Strategies to enable accurate quantification of state of charge during rapid depth-profiling studies are presented.},
	number = {1},
	journal = {Journal of Applied Crystallography},
	author = {Liu, Hao and Li, Zhuo and Grenier, Antonin and Kamm, Gabrielle E. and Yin, Liang and Mattei, Gerard S. and Cosby, Monty R. and Khalifah, Peter G. and Chupas, Peter J. and Chapman, Karena W.},
	month = feb,
	year = {2020},
	pages = {133--139},
}





@article{pei_substitution_2021,
	title = {Al {Substitution} for {Mn} during {Co}-{Precipitation} {Boosts} the {Electrochemical} {Performance} of {LiNi} 0.8 {Mn} 0.1 {Co} 0.1 {O} 2},
	volume = {168},
	copyright = {All rights reserved},
	issn = {0013-4651},
	url = {https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1149/1945-7111/ac0020},
	doi = {10.1149/1945-7111/ac0020},
	number = {5},
	journal = {Journal of The Electrochemical Society},
	author = {Pei, Ben and Zhou, Hui and Goel, Anshika and Zuba, Mateusz and Liu, Hao and Xin, Fengxia and Whittingham, M. Stanley},
	month = may,
	year = {2021},
	note = {Publisher: IOP Publishing},
	pages = {050532},
}













@article{liu_sensitivity_2017,
	title = {Sensitivity and {Limitations} of {Structures} from {X}-ray and {Neutron}-{Based} {Diffraction} {Analyses} of {Transition} {Metal} {Oxide} {Lithium}-{Battery} {Electrodes}},
	volume = {164},
	copyright = {All rights reserved},
	issn = {0013-4651},
	url = {http://jes.ecsdl.org/content/164/9/A1802.abstract},
	doi = {10.1149/2.0271709jes},
	abstract = {Lithium transition metal oxides are an important class of electrode materials for lithium-ion batteries. Binary or ternary (transition) metal doping brings about new opportunities to improve the electrode's performance and often leads to more complex stoichiometries and atomic structures than the archetypal LiCoO2. Rietveld structural analyses of X-ray and neutron diffraction data is a widely-used approach for structural characterization of crystalline materials. However, different structural models and refinement approaches can lead to differing results, and some parameters can be difficult to quantify due to the inherent limitations of the data. Here, through the example of LiNi0.8Co0.15Al0.05O2 (NCA), we demonstrated the sensitivity of various structural parameters in Rietveld structural analysis to different refinement approaches and structural models, and proposed an approach to reduce refinement uncertainties due to the inexact X-ray scattering factors of the constituent atoms within the lattice. This refinement approach was implemented for electrochemically-cycled NCA samples and yielded accurate structural parameters using only X-ray diffraction data. The present work provides the best practices for performing structural refinement of lithium transition metal oxides.},
	number = {9},
	journal = {Journal of The Electrochemical Society},
	author = {Liu, Hao and Liu, Haodong and Lapidus, Saul H and Meng, Y Shirley and Chupas, Peter J and Chapman, Karena W},
	month = jun,
	year = {2017},
	pages = {A1802--A1811},
}













@article{lebens-higgins_revisiting_2019,
	title = {Revisiting the charge compensation mechanisms in {LiNi}$_{\textrm{0.8}}${Co}$_{\textrm{0.2−y}}${Al}$_{\textrm{y}}${O}$_{\textrm{2}}$ systems},
	volume = {6},
	copyright = {All rights reserved},
	issn = {2051-6347},
	url = {http://xlink.rsc.org/?DOI=C9MH00765B},
	doi = {10.1039/C9MH00765B},
	abstract = {The emergence of oxidized oxygen RIXS features at high voltages for Ni-rich layered oxide cathodes.},
	number = {10},
	journal = {Materials Horizons},
	author = {Lebens-Higgins, Zachary W. and Faenza, Nicholas V. and Radin, Maxwell D. and Liu, Hao and Sallis, Shawn and Rana, Jatinkumar and Vinckeviciute, Julija and Reeves, Philip J. and Zuba, Mateusz J. and Badway, Fadwa and Pereira, Nathalie and Chapman, Karena W. and Lee, Tien-Lin and Wu, Tianpin and Grey, Clare P. and Melot, Brent C. and Van Der Ven, Anton and Amatucci, Glenn G. and Yang, Wanli and Piper, Louis F. J.},
	year = {2019},
	pages = {2112--2123},
}













@article{tian_reactivity-guided_2019,
	title = {Reactivity-{Guided} {Interface} {Design} in {Na} {Metal} {Solid}-{State} {Batteries}},
	volume = {0},
	copyright = {All rights reserved},
	issn = {25424351},
	url = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joule.2018.12.019},
	doi = {10.1016/j.joule.2018.12.019},
	abstract = {Summary Solid-state batteries provide substantially increased safety and improved energy density when energy-dense alkali metal anodes are applied. However, most solid-state electrolytes react with alkali metals, causing a continuous increase of the cell impedance. Here, we employ a reactivity-driven strategy to improve the interfacial stability between a Na3SbS4 solid-state electrolyte and sodium metal. First-principles calculations identify a protective hydrate coating for Na3SbS4 that leads to the generation of passivating decomposition products upon contact of the electrolyte with sodium metal. The formation of this protective coating, a newly discovered hydrated phase, is achieved experimentally through exposure of Na3SbS4 to air. The buried interface is characterized using post-operando synchrotron X-ray depth profiling, providing spatially resolved evidence of the multilayered phase distribution in the Na metal symmetric cell consistent with theoretical predictions. We identify hydrates as promising for improving the metal/electrolyte interfacial stability in solid-state batteries and suggest a general strategy of interface design for this purpose.},
	number = {0},
	journal = {Joule},
	author = {Tian, Yaosen and Sun, Yingzhi and Hannah, Daniel C. and Xiao, Yihan and Liu, Hao and Chapman, Karena W. and Bo, Shou-Hang Hang and Ceder, Gerbrand},
	month = jan,
	year = {2019},
	note = {Publisher: Elsevier Inc.},
	pages = {1--14},
}









@article{pecher_automatic_2016,
	title = {Automatic {Tuning} {Matching} {Cycler} ({ATMC}) in situ {NMR} spectroscopy as a novel approach for real-time investigations of {Li}- and {Na}-ion batteries},
	volume = {265},
	copyright = {All rights reserved},
	issn = {10907807},
	url = {http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1090780716000902},
	doi = {10.1016/j.jmr.2016.02.008},
	journal = {Journal of Magnetic Resonance},
	author = {Pecher, Oliver and Bayley, Paul M. and Liu, Hao and Liu, Zigeng and Trease, Nicole M. and Grey, Clare P.},
	month = apr,
	year = {2016},
	pages = {200--209},
}





@article{zhang_localized_2018,
	title = {Localized concentration reversal of lithium during intercalation into nanoparticles},
	volume = {4},
	copyright = {All rights reserved},
	issn = {2375-2548},
	url = {http://advances.sciencemag.org/lookup/doi/10.1126/sciadv.aao2608},
	doi = {10.1126/sciadv.aao2608},
	abstract = {Nanoparticulate electrodes, such as Li x FePO4, have unique advantages over their microparticulate counterparts for the applications in Li-ion batteries because of the shortened diffusion path and access to nonequilibrium routes for fast Li incorporation, thus radically boosting power density of the electrodes. However, how Li intercalation occurs locally in a single nanoparticle of such materials remains unresolved because real-time observation at such a fine scale is still lacking. We report visualization of local Li intercalation via solid-solution transformation in individual Li x FePO4 nanoparticles, enabled by probing sub-angstrom changes in the lattice spacing in situ. The real-time observation reveals inhomogeneous intercalation, accompanied with an unexpected reversal of Li concentration at the nanometer scale. The origin of the reversal phenomenon is elucidated through phase-field simulations, and it is attributed to the presence of structurally different regions that have distinct chemical potential functions. The findings from this study provide a new perspective on the local intercalation dynamics in battery electrodes.},
	number = {1},
	journal = {Science Advances},
	author = {Zhang, Wei and Yu, Hui-Chia and Wu, Lijun and Liu, Hao and Abdellahi, Aziz and Qiu, Bao and Bai, Jianming and Orvananos, Bernardo and Strobridge, Fiona C. and Zhou, Xufeng and Liu, Zhaoping and Ceder, Gerbrand and Zhu, Yimei and Thornton, Katsuyo and Grey, Clare P. and Wang, Feng},
	year = {2018},
	pages = {eaao2608},
}









@article{strobridge_mapping_2015,
	title = {Mapping the {Inhomogeneous} {Electrochemical} {Reaction} {Through} {Porous} {LiFePO}$_{\textrm{4}}$ -{Electrodes} in a {Standard} {Coin} {Cell} {Battery}},
	volume = {27},
	copyright = {All rights reserved},
	issn = {0897-4756},
	url = {http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/cm504317a},
	doi = {10.1021/cm504317a},
	number = {7},
	journal = {Chemistry of Materials},
	author = {Strobridge, Fiona C. and Orvananos, Bernardo and Croft, Mark and Yu, Hui-Chia and Robert, Rosa and Liu, Hao and Zhong, Zhong and Connolley, Thomas and Drakopoulos, Michael and Thornton, Katsuyo and Grey, Clare P.},
	month = apr,
	year = {2015},
	pages = {2374--2386},
}









@article{liu_radially_2016,
	title = {A radially accessible tubular in situ {X}-ray cell for spatially resolved operando scattering and spectroscopic studies of electrochemical energy storage devices},
	volume = {49},
	copyright = {All rights reserved},
	issn = {1600-5767},
	url = {http://scripts.iucr.org/cgi-bin/paper?S1600576716012632},
	doi = {10.1107/S1600576716012632},
	abstract = {A tubular operando electrochemical cell has been developed to allow spatially resolved X-ray scattering and spectroscopic measurements of individual cell components, or regions thereof, during device operation. These measurements are enabled by the tubular cell geometry, wherein the X-ray-transparent tube walls allow radial access for the incident and scattered/transmitted X-ray beam; by probing different depths within the electrode stack, the transformation of different components or regions can be resolved. The cell is compatible with a variety of synchrotron-based scattering, absorption and imaging methodologies. The reliability of the electrochemical cell and the quality of the resulting X-ray scattering and spectroscopic data are demonstrated for two types of energy storage: the evolution of the distribution of the state of charge of an Li-ion battery electrode during cycling is documented using X-ray powder diffraction, and the redistribution of ions between two porous carbon electrodes in an electrochemical double-layer capacitor is documented using X-ray absorption near-edge spectroscopy.},
	number = {5},
	journal = {Journal of Applied Crystallography},
	author = {Liu, Hao and Allan, Phoebe K. and Borkiewicz, Olaf J. and Kurtz, Charles and Grey, Clare P. and Chapman, Karena W. and Chupas, Peter J.},
	month = oct,
	year = {2016},
	note = {Publisher: International Union of Crystallography},
	pages = {1665--1673},
}





@article{liu_capturing_2014,
	title = {Capturing metastable structures during high-rate cycling of {LiFePO}₄ nanoparticle electrodes.},
	volume = {344},
	copyright = {All rights reserved},
	issn = {1095-9203},
	url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24970091},
	doi = {10.1126/science.1252817},
	abstract = {The absence of a phase transformation involving substantial structural rearrangements and large volume changes is generally considered to be a key characteristic underpinning the high-rate capability of any battery electrode material. In apparent contradiction, nanoparticulate LiFePO4, a commercially important cathode material, displays exceptionally high rates, whereas its lithium-composition phase diagram indicates that it should react via a kinetically limited, two-phase nucleation and growth process. Knowledge concerning the equilibrium phases is therefore insufficient, and direct investigation of the dynamic process is required. Using time-resolved in situ x-ray powder diffraction, we reveal the existence of a continuous metastable solid solution phase during rapid lithium extraction and insertion. This nonequilibrium facile phase transformation route provides a mechanism for realizing high-rate capability of electrode materials that operate via two-phase reactions.},
	urldate = {2014-07-10},
	journal = {Science (New York, N.Y.)},
	author = {Liu, Hao and Strobridge, Fiona C and Borkiewicz, Olaf J and Wiaderek, Kamila M and Chapman, Karena W and Chupas, Peter J and Grey, Clare P},
	month = jun,
	year = {2014},
	pmid = {24970091},
	pages = {1252817},
}
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In order to keep using Mendeley with BibBase past April\n        14th, you need to:\n        <ol>\n          <li>renew the authorization for BibBase on Mendeley, and</li>\n          <li>update the BibBase URL\n            in your page the same way you did when you initially set up\n            this page.\n          </li>\n        </ol>\n      </p>\n\n      <p>\n        <a href=\"http://bibbase.org/cgi-bin/mendeley2/get.py\">\n          <i class=\"fa fa-angle-double-right\"></i>\n          Fix it now</a>\n      </p>\n    </div>\n\n  </div>\n\n\n  <div id=\"bibbase_body\">\n    \n  \n  <div class=\"bibbase_group_whole\" id=\"group_2025\">\n    <div class=\"bibbase_group\"\n      onclick=\"toggleGroup('group_2025')\"\n      onkeypress=\"toggleGroup('group_2025')\"\n      tabindex=\"0\">\n      <i class=\"fa fa-angle-down bibbase_group_head_icon\"></i>&nbsp;\n      <span>2025</span>\n      <span class=\"bibbase_group_count\">\n        \n        (1)\n        \n      </span>\n    </div>\n    <div class=\"bibbase_group_body\">\n      \n  \n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"peiris-huang-liu-smeu-polyvinylidenefluoridepvdftrimethylaluminumtmachemistryfirstprinciplesinvestigationandexperimentalinsights-2025\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acsami.4c14135\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'peiris-huang-liu-smeu-polyvinylidenefluoridepvdftrimethylaluminumtmachemistryfirstprinciplesinvestigationandexperimentalinsights-2025', 'https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acsami.4c14135', event);\">\n    Polyvinylidene Fluoride (PVDF)–Trimethylaluminum (TMA) Chemistry: First-Principles Investigation and Experimental Insights.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Peiris, M. D. H. C.; Huang, H.; <a class=\"bibbase author link\" href=\"http://chemiris.chem.binghamton.edu/LIU/pubs.html\">Liu, H.</a>;  and Smeu, M.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  <i>ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces</i>, 17(3): 4744–4753. January 2025.\n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acsami.4c14135\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('peiris-huang-liu-smeu-polyvinylidenefluoridepvdftrimethylaluminumtmachemistryfirstprinciplesinvestigationandexperimentalinsights-2025', 'https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acsami.4c14135', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"Polyvinylidene Fluoride (PVDF)–Trimethylaluminum (TMA) Chemistry: First-Principles Investigation and Experimental Insights [link]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.4c14135\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('peiris-huang-liu-smeu-polyvinylidenefluoridepvdftrimethylaluminumtmachemistryfirstprinciplesinvestigationandexperimentalinsights-2025', 'http://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.4c14135', event.ctrlKey)\"\n     class=\"bibbase doi link\">\n    <span>doi</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/peiris-huang-liu-smeu-polyvinylidenefluoridepvdftrimethylaluminumtmachemistryfirstprinciplesinvestigationandexperimentalinsights-2025\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('peiris-huang-liu-smeu-polyvinylidenefluoridepvdftrimethylaluminumtmachemistryfirstprinciplesinvestigationandexperimentalinsights-2025')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@article{peiris_polyvinylidene_2025,\n\ttitle = {Polyvinylidene {Fluoride} ({PVDF})–{Trimethylaluminum} ({TMA}) {Chemistry}: {First}-{Principles} {Investigation} and {Experimental} {Insights}},\n\tvolume = {17},\n\tcopyright = {https://doi.org/10.15223/policy-029},\n\tissn = {1944-8244, 1944-8252},\n\tshorttitle = {Polyvinylidene {Fluoride} ({PVDF})–{Trimethylaluminum} ({TMA}) {Chemistry}},\n\turl = {https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acsami.4c14135},\n\tdoi = {10.1021/acsami.4c14135},\n\tabstract = {Atomic layer deposition (ALD) is a popular method of coating battery electrodes with metal oxides for improved cycling stability. While significant research has focused on the interaction between the reactive metal alkyl precursor and the electrode materials, little is known about the reactivity of the precursor toward other components of the battery electrode, such as the polymer binder. This study presents a combined computational and experimental investigation of the reaction between the popular polyvinylidene (PVDF) binder and the trimethylaluminum (TMA) precursor commonly used for coating Al2O3 by ALD. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) was used to interrogate the reactivity of PVDF toward TMA and to characterize the reaction products. Density functional theory (DFT) simulations identified an exothermic reaction of TMA with PVDF, yielding methane (CH4), dimethyl aluminum fluoride, and nonsaturated carbons at the reaction site in the PVDF backbone, which is well aligned with XPS results. The newfound chemistry involving TMA and PVDF reveals that PVDF undergoes side reactions in ALD, contradicting the previous belief that PVDF is chemically inert as a battery binder. This discovery prompts a reassessment of PVDF’s application scenarios in the battery industry.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {3},\n\turldate = {2025-02-12},\n\tjournal = {ACS Applied Materials \\&amp; Interfaces},\n\tauthor = {Peiris, M. D. Hashan C. and Huang, Heran and Liu, Hao and Smeu, Manuel},\n\tmonth = jan,\n\tyear = {2025},\n\tpages = {4744--4753},\n}\n\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  Atomic layer deposition (ALD) is a popular method of coating battery electrodes with metal oxides for improved cycling stability. While significant research has focused on the interaction between the reactive metal alkyl precursor and the electrode materials, little is known about the reactivity of the precursor toward other components of the battery electrode, such as the polymer binder. This study presents a combined computational and experimental investigation of the reaction between the popular polyvinylidene (PVDF) binder and the trimethylaluminum (TMA) precursor commonly used for coating Al2O3 by ALD. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) was used to interrogate the reactivity of PVDF toward TMA and to characterize the reaction products. Density functional theory (DFT) simulations identified an exothermic reaction of TMA with PVDF, yielding methane (CH4), dimethyl aluminum fluoride, and nonsaturated carbons at the reaction site in the PVDF backbone, which is well aligned with XPS results. The newfound chemistry involving TMA and PVDF reveals that PVDF undergoes side reactions in ALD, contradicting the previous belief that PVDF is chemically inert as a battery binder. This discovery prompts a reassessment of PVDF’s application scenarios in the battery industry.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n\n\n\n    </div>\n  </div>\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_group_whole\" id=\"group_2024\">\n    <div class=\"bibbase_group\"\n      onclick=\"toggleGroup('group_2024')\"\n      onkeypress=\"toggleGroup('group_2024')\"\n      tabindex=\"0\">\n      <i class=\"fa fa-angle-down bibbase_group_head_icon\"></i>&nbsp;\n      <span>2024</span>\n      <span class=\"bibbase_group_count\">\n        \n        (5)\n        \n      </span>\n    </div>\n    <div class=\"bibbase_group_body\">\n      \n  \n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"wang-huang-qiao-wang-lee-zhou-liu-unconventionalchargecompensationmechanismforprotoninsertioninaqueousznionbatteries-2024\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"http://pubs.rsc.org/en/Content/ArticleLanding/2024/TA/D4TA05214E\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'wang-huang-qiao-wang-lee-zhou-liu-unconventionalchargecompensationmechanismforprotoninsertioninaqueousznionbatteries-2024', 'http://pubs.rsc.org/en/Content/ArticleLanding/2024/TA/D4TA05214E', event);\">\n    Unconventional charge compensation mechanism for proton insertion in aqueous Zn-ion batteries.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Wang, J.; Huang, H.; Qiao, L.; Wang, H.; Lee, K.; Zhou, G.;  and <a class=\"bibbase author link\" href=\"http://chemiris.chem.binghamton.edu/LIU/pubs.html\">Liu, H.</a>\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  <i>Journal of Materials Chemistry A</i>,10.1039.D4TA05214E.  2024.\n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://pubs.rsc.org/en/Content/ArticleLanding/2024/TA/D4TA05214E\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('wang-huang-qiao-wang-lee-zhou-liu-unconventionalchargecompensationmechanismforprotoninsertioninaqueousznionbatteries-2024', 'http://pubs.rsc.org/en/Content/ArticleLanding/2024/TA/D4TA05214E', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"Unconventional charge compensation mechanism for proton insertion in aqueous Zn-ion batteries [link]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.org/10.1039/D4TA05214E\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('wang-huang-qiao-wang-lee-zhou-liu-unconventionalchargecompensationmechanismforprotoninsertioninaqueousznionbatteries-2024', 'http://doi.org/10.1039/D4TA05214E', event.ctrlKey)\"\n     class=\"bibbase doi link\">\n    <span>doi</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/wang-huang-qiao-wang-lee-zhou-liu-unconventionalchargecompensationmechanismforprotoninsertioninaqueousznionbatteries-2024\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('wang-huang-qiao-wang-lee-zhou-liu-unconventionalchargecompensationmechanismforprotoninsertioninaqueousznionbatteries-2024')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@article{wang_unconventional_2024,\n\ttitle = {Unconventional charge compensation mechanism for proton insertion in aqueous {Zn}-ion batteries},\n\tcopyright = {All rights reserved},\n\tissn = {2050-7488, 2050-7496},\n\turl = {http://pubs.rsc.org/en/Content/ArticleLanding/2024/TA/D4TA05214E},\n\tdoi = {10.1039/D4TA05214E},\n\tabstract = {Aqueous Zn-ion batteries have been proposed as safe and economical options for large-scale energy storage. In theory, they operate by reversibly shuttling zinc ions between a metallic zinc anode and...\n          , \n            Aqueous Zn-ion batteries have been proposed as safe and economical options for large-scale energy storage. In theory, they operate by reversibly shuttling zinc ions between a metallic zinc anode and a cathode material for Zn2+ ion intercalation through an aqueous electrolyte of a zinc salt solution. In practice, protons (H+) in the aqueous electrolyte can compete with and even predominate Zn2+ in the intercalation reaction. A diagnostic consequence of H+, as opposed to Zn2+, insertion is the precipitation of layered double hydroxide (LDH) crystals, which can be readily identified by electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction measurements. Absence of LDH formation has been perceived as evidence for Zn2+ insertion. Using a combination of X-ray diffraction, electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, we reveal a different charge compensation mechanism in a vanadyl phosphate electrode, where H+ insertion predominates in an aqueous Zn(CF3SO3)2 electrolyte. The H+ insertion induces a conformal deposition of an amorphous ZnO layer on the electrode particle, which cannot be captured by scanning electron microscopy or X-ray diffraction. Our work underlines the complexity of the charge compensation mechanism in aqueous Zn-ion batteries, which is relevant to other multivalent systems.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\turldate = {2024-11-01},\n\tjournal = {Journal of Materials Chemistry A},\n\tauthor = {Wang, Jiwei and Huang, Heran and Qiao, Linna and Wang, Haonan and Lee, Krystal and Zhou, Guangwen and Liu, Hao},\n\tyear = {2024},\n\tpages = {10.1039.D4TA05214E},\n}\n\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  Aqueous Zn-ion batteries have been proposed as safe and economical options for large-scale energy storage. In theory, they operate by reversibly shuttling zinc ions between a metallic zinc anode and... , Aqueous Zn-ion batteries have been proposed as safe and economical options for large-scale energy storage. In theory, they operate by reversibly shuttling zinc ions between a metallic zinc anode and a cathode material for Zn2+ ion intercalation through an aqueous electrolyte of a zinc salt solution. In practice, protons (H+) in the aqueous electrolyte can compete with and even predominate Zn2+ in the intercalation reaction. A diagnostic consequence of H+, as opposed to Zn2+, insertion is the precipitation of layered double hydroxide (LDH) crystals, which can be readily identified by electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction measurements. Absence of LDH formation has been perceived as evidence for Zn2+ insertion. Using a combination of X-ray diffraction, electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, we reveal a different charge compensation mechanism in a vanadyl phosphate electrode, where H+ insertion predominates in an aqueous Zn(CF3SO3)2 electrolyte. The H+ insertion induces a conformal deposition of an amorphous ZnO layer on the electrode particle, which cannot be captured by scanning electron microscopy or X-ray diffraction. Our work underlines the complexity of the charge compensation mechanism in aqueous Zn-ion batteries, which is relevant to other multivalent systems.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"niu-qiao-huang-odero-zhou-liu-issurfacemodificationeffectivetostabilizehighvoltagecyclingforlayeredp2natextrm23nitextrm13mntextrm23otextrm2cathodes-2024\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"https://xlink.rsc.org/?DOI=D4CC02819H\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'niu-qiao-huang-odero-zhou-liu-issurfacemodificationeffectivetostabilizehighvoltagecyclingforlayeredp2natextrm23nitextrm13mntextrm23otextrm2cathodes-2024', 'https://xlink.rsc.org/?DOI=D4CC02819H', event);\">\n    Is surface modification effective to stabilize high-voltage cycling for layered P2-Na $_{\\textrm{2/3}}$ Ni $_{\\textrm{1/3}}$ Mn $_{\\textrm{2/3}}$ O $_{\\textrm{2}}$ cathodes?.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Niu, F.; Qiao, L.; Huang, H.; Odero, E. A.; Zhou, G.;  and <a class=\"bibbase author link\" href=\"http://chemiris.chem.binghamton.edu/LIU/pubs.html\">Liu, H.</a>\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  <i>Chemical Communications</i>,10.1039.D4CC02819H.  2024.\n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"https://xlink.rsc.org/?DOI=D4CC02819H\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('niu-qiao-huang-odero-zhou-liu-issurfacemodificationeffectivetostabilizehighvoltagecyclingforlayeredp2natextrm23nitextrm13mntextrm23otextrm2cathodes-2024', 'https://xlink.rsc.org/?DOI=D4CC02819H', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"Is surface modification effective to stabilize high-voltage cycling for layered P2-Na $_{\\textrm{2/3}}$ Ni $_{\\textrm{1/3}}$ Mn $_{\\textrm{2/3}}$ O $_{\\textrm{2}}$ cathodes? [link]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.org/10.1039/D4CC02819H\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('niu-qiao-huang-odero-zhou-liu-issurfacemodificationeffectivetostabilizehighvoltagecyclingforlayeredp2natextrm23nitextrm13mntextrm23otextrm2cathodes-2024', 'http://doi.org/10.1039/D4CC02819H', event.ctrlKey)\"\n     class=\"bibbase doi link\">\n    <span>doi</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/niu-qiao-huang-odero-zhou-liu-issurfacemodificationeffectivetostabilizehighvoltagecyclingforlayeredp2natextrm23nitextrm13mntextrm23otextrm2cathodes-2024\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('niu-qiao-huang-odero-zhou-liu-issurfacemodificationeffectivetostabilizehighvoltagecyclingforlayeredp2natextrm23nitextrm13mntextrm23otextrm2cathodes-2024')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@article{niu_is_2024,\n\ttitle = {Is surface modification effective to stabilize high-voltage cycling for layered {P2}-{Na} $_{\\textrm{2/3}}$ {Ni} $_{\\textrm{1/3}}$ {Mn} $_{\\textrm{2/3}}$ {O} $_{\\textrm{2}}$ cathodes?},\n\tcopyright = {All rights reserved},\n\tissn = {1359-7345, 1364-548X},\n\turl = {https://xlink.rsc.org/?DOI=D4CC02819H},\n\tdoi = {10.1039/D4CC02819H},\n\tabstract = {Surface coating of Na\n              2/3\n              Ni\n              1/2\n              Mn\n              2/3\n              O\n              2\n              particles suppresses high-voltage polarization but not capacity fade, which is dominated by bulk structure degradation.\n            \n          , \n            \n              Layered transition metal oxides (TMOs), like the P2-type Na\n              2/3\n              Ni\n              1/3\n              Mn\n              2/3\n              O\n              2\n              , are promising cathodes for sodium-ion batteries but suffer rapid capacity degradation at high voltages. Surface engineering is a popular strategy to modify the high-voltage stability of cathode materials, yet its efficacy for sodium layered TMOs remains elusive, especially given the deleterious layer-gliding phase transition during high-voltage operation. Here, we examined the effect of surface coatings on the high-voltage cycling stability of Na\n              2/3\n              Ni\n              1/3\n              Mn\n              2/3\n              O\n              2\n              , finding that they suppress high-voltage polarization but do not significantly affect capacity retention, which is mainly impacted by bulk structure degradation. Hence, surface engineering must be complemented with bulk structure modification to stabilize high-voltage cycling.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\turldate = {2024-09-23},\n\tjournal = {Chemical Communications},\n\tauthor = {Niu, Fangzhou and Qiao, Linna and Huang, Heran and Odero, Elninoh A. and Zhou, Guangwen and Liu, Hao},\n\tyear = {2024},\n\tpages = {10.1039.D4CC02819H},\n}\n\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  Surface coating of Na 2/3 Ni 1/2 Mn 2/3 O 2 particles suppresses high-voltage polarization but not capacity fade, which is dominated by bulk structure degradation. , Layered transition metal oxides (TMOs), like the P2-type Na 2/3 Ni 1/3 Mn 2/3 O 2 , are promising cathodes for sodium-ion batteries but suffer rapid capacity degradation at high voltages. Surface engineering is a popular strategy to modify the high-voltage stability of cathode materials, yet its efficacy for sodium layered TMOs remains elusive, especially given the deleterious layer-gliding phase transition during high-voltage operation. Here, we examined the effect of surface coatings on the high-voltage cycling stability of Na 2/3 Ni 1/3 Mn 2/3 O 2 , finding that they suppress high-voltage polarization but do not significantly affect capacity retention, which is mainly impacted by bulk structure degradation. Hence, surface engineering must be complemented with bulk structure modification to stabilize high-voltage cycling.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"pei-zhou-zong-chen-zuba-zhou-liu-whittingham-fatiguephasesuppressioninagedhighnickellayeredcathodesbyaluminumsubstitutionduringcoprecipitation-2024\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acsenergylett.4c01199\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'pei-zhou-zong-chen-zuba-zhou-liu-whittingham-fatiguephasesuppressioninagedhighnickellayeredcathodesbyaluminumsubstitutionduringcoprecipitation-2024', 'https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acsenergylett.4c01199', event);\">\n    Fatigue Phase Suppression in Aged High Nickel Layered Cathodes by Aluminum Substitution during Co-precipitation.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Pei, B.; Zhou, H.; Zong, Y.; Chen, X.; Zuba, M. J.; Zhou, G.; <a class=\"bibbase author link\" href=\"http://chemiris.chem.binghamton.edu/LIU/pubs.html\">Liu, H.</a>;  and Whittingham, M. S.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  <i>ACS Energy Letters</i>, 9(8): 3913–3921. August 2024.\n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acsenergylett.4c01199\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('pei-zhou-zong-chen-zuba-zhou-liu-whittingham-fatiguephasesuppressioninagedhighnickellayeredcathodesbyaluminumsubstitutionduringcoprecipitation-2024', 'https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acsenergylett.4c01199', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"Fatigue Phase Suppression in Aged High Nickel Layered Cathodes by Aluminum Substitution during Co-precipitation [link]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.org/10.1021/acsenergylett.4c01199\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('pei-zhou-zong-chen-zuba-zhou-liu-whittingham-fatiguephasesuppressioninagedhighnickellayeredcathodesbyaluminumsubstitutionduringcoprecipitation-2024', 'http://doi.org/10.1021/acsenergylett.4c01199', event.ctrlKey)\"\n     class=\"bibbase doi link\">\n    <span>doi</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/pei-zhou-zong-chen-zuba-zhou-liu-whittingham-fatiguephasesuppressioninagedhighnickellayeredcathodesbyaluminumsubstitutionduringcoprecipitation-2024\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('pei-zhou-zong-chen-zuba-zhou-liu-whittingham-fatiguephasesuppressioninagedhighnickellayeredcathodesbyaluminumsubstitutionduringcoprecipitation-2024')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@article{pei_fatigue_2024,\n\ttitle = {Fatigue {Phase} {Suppression} in {Aged} {High} {Nickel} {Layered} {Cathodes} by {Aluminum} {Substitution} during {Co}-precipitation},\n\tvolume = {9},\n\tcopyright = {https://doi.org/10.15223/policy-029},\n\tissn = {2380-8195, 2380-8195},\n\turl = {https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acsenergylett.4c01199},\n\tdoi = {10.1021/acsenergylett.4c01199},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {8},\n\turldate = {2024-08-25},\n\tjournal = {ACS Energy Letters},\n\tauthor = {Pei, Ben and Zhou, Hui and Zong, Yanxu and Chen, Xiaobo and Zuba, Mateusz J. and Zhou, Guangwen and Liu, Hao and Whittingham, M. Stanley},\n\tmonth = aug,\n\tyear = {2024},\n\tpages = {3913--3921},\n}\n\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"huang-qiao-zhou-tang-wahila-liu-liu-zhou-etal-efficacyofatomiclayerdepositionofal2o3oncompositelini08mn01co01o2electrodeforliionbatteries-2024\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-024-69330-6\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'huang-qiao-zhou-tang-wahila-liu-liu-zhou-etal-efficacyofatomiclayerdepositionofal2o3oncompositelini08mn01co01o2electrodeforliionbatteries-2024', 'https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-024-69330-6', event);\">\n    Efficacy of atomic layer deposition of Al2O3 on composite LiNi0.8Mn0.1Co0.1O2 electrode for Li-ion batteries.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Huang, H.; Qiao, L.; Zhou, H.; Tang, Y.; Wahila, M. J.; <a class=\"bibbase author link\" href=\"http://chemiris.chem.binghamton.edu/LIU/pubs.html\">Liu, H.</a>; Liu, P.; Zhou, G.; Smeu, M.;  and <a class=\"bibbase author link\" href=\"http://chemiris.chem.binghamton.edu/LIU/pubs.html\">Liu, H.</a>\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  <i>Scientific Reports</i>, 14(1): 18180. August 2024.\n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-024-69330-6\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('huang-qiao-zhou-tang-wahila-liu-liu-zhou-etal-efficacyofatomiclayerdepositionofal2o3oncompositelini08mn01co01o2electrodeforliionbatteries-2024', 'https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-024-69330-6', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"Efficacy of atomic layer deposition of Al2O3 on composite LiNi0.8Mn0.1Co0.1O2 electrode for Li-ion batteries [link]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-69330-6\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('huang-qiao-zhou-tang-wahila-liu-liu-zhou-etal-efficacyofatomiclayerdepositionofal2o3oncompositelini08mn01co01o2electrodeforliionbatteries-2024', 'http://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-69330-6', event.ctrlKey)\"\n     class=\"bibbase doi link\">\n    <span>doi</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/huang-qiao-zhou-tang-wahila-liu-liu-zhou-etal-efficacyofatomiclayerdepositionofal2o3oncompositelini08mn01co01o2electrodeforliionbatteries-2024\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('huang-qiao-zhou-tang-wahila-liu-liu-zhou-etal-efficacyofatomiclayerdepositionofal2o3oncompositelini08mn01co01o2electrodeforliionbatteries-2024')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@article{huang_efficacy_2024,\n\ttitle = {Efficacy of atomic layer deposition of {Al2O3} on composite {LiNi0}.{8Mn0}.{1Co0}.{1O2} electrode for {Li}-ion batteries},\n\tvolume = {14},\n\tcopyright = {All rights reserved},\n\tissn = {2045-2322},\n\turl = {https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-024-69330-6},\n\tdoi = {10.1038/s41598-024-69330-6},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {1},\n\turldate = {2024-08-16},\n\tjournal = {Scientific Reports},\n\tauthor = {Huang, Heran and Qiao, Linna and Zhou, Hui and Tang, Yalun and Wahila, Matthew J. and Liu, Haodong and Liu, Ping and Zhou, Guangwen and Smeu, Manuel and Liu, Hao},\n\tmonth = aug,\n\tyear = {2024},\n\tpages = {18180},\n}\n\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"peiris-liepinya-liu-smeu-electrolytereactivityoxygenstatesanddegradationmechanismsofnickelrichcathodes-2024\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S2666386424003084\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'peiris-liepinya-liu-smeu-electrolytereactivityoxygenstatesanddegradationmechanismsofnickelrichcathodes-2024', 'https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S2666386424003084', event);\">\n    Electrolyte reactivity, oxygen states, and degradation mechanisms of nickel-rich cathodes.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Peiris, M. H. C.; Liepinya, D.; <a class=\"bibbase author link\" href=\"http://chemiris.chem.binghamton.edu/LIU/pubs.html\">Liu, H.</a>;  and Smeu, M.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  <i>Cell Reports Physical Science</i>, 5(6): 102039. June 2024.\n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S2666386424003084\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('peiris-liepinya-liu-smeu-electrolytereactivityoxygenstatesanddegradationmechanismsofnickelrichcathodes-2024', 'https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S2666386424003084', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"Electrolyte reactivity, oxygen states, and degradation mechanisms of nickel-rich cathodes [link]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.org/10.1016/j.xcrp.2024.102039\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('peiris-liepinya-liu-smeu-electrolytereactivityoxygenstatesanddegradationmechanismsofnickelrichcathodes-2024', 'http://doi.org/10.1016/j.xcrp.2024.102039', event.ctrlKey)\"\n     class=\"bibbase doi link\">\n    <span>doi</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/peiris-liepinya-liu-smeu-electrolytereactivityoxygenstatesanddegradationmechanismsofnickelrichcathodes-2024\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('peiris-liepinya-liu-smeu-electrolytereactivityoxygenstatesanddegradationmechanismsofnickelrichcathodes-2024')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@article{peiris_electrolyte_2024,\n\ttitle = {Electrolyte reactivity, oxygen states, and degradation mechanisms of nickel-rich cathodes},\n\tvolume = {5},\n\tcopyright = {All rights reserved},\n\tissn = {26663864},\n\turl = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S2666386424003084},\n\tdoi = {10.1016/j.xcrp.2024.102039},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {6},\n\turldate = {2024-06-30},\n\tjournal = {Cell Reports Physical Science},\n\tauthor = {Peiris, M.D. Hashan C. and Liepinya, Diana and Liu, Hao and Smeu, Manuel},\n\tmonth = jun,\n\tyear = {2024},\n\tpages = {102039},\n}\n\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n\n\n\n    </div>\n  </div>\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_group_whole\" id=\"group_2023\">\n    <div class=\"bibbase_group\"\n      onclick=\"toggleGroup('group_2023')\"\n      onkeypress=\"toggleGroup('group_2023')\"\n      tabindex=\"0\">\n      <i class=\"fa fa-angle-down bibbase_group_head_icon\"></i>&nbsp;\n      <span>2023</span>\n      <span class=\"bibbase_group_count\">\n        \n        (4)\n        \n      </span>\n    </div>\n    <div class=\"bibbase_group_body\">\n      \n  \n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"wang-lee-whittingham-liu-unravelingthemultielectronredoxreactionsofvopotextrm4forsodiumionbatteries-2023\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.chemmater.3c02294\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'wang-lee-whittingham-liu-unravelingthemultielectronredoxreactionsofvopotextrm4forsodiumionbatteries-2023', 'https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.chemmater.3c02294', event);\">\n    Unraveling the Multielectron Redox Reactions of β-VOPO $_{\\textrm{4}}$ for Sodium Ion Batteries.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Wang, J.; Lee, K.; Whittingham, M. S.;  and <a class=\"bibbase author link\" href=\"http://chemiris.chem.binghamton.edu/LIU/pubs.html\">Liu, H.</a>\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  <i>Chemistry of Materials</i>,acs.chemmater.3c02294. November 2023.\n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.chemmater.3c02294\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('wang-lee-whittingham-liu-unravelingthemultielectronredoxreactionsofvopotextrm4forsodiumionbatteries-2023', 'https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.chemmater.3c02294', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"Unraveling the Multielectron Redox Reactions of β-VOPO $_{\\textrm{4}}$ for Sodium Ion Batteries [link]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemmater.3c02294\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('wang-lee-whittingham-liu-unravelingthemultielectronredoxreactionsofvopotextrm4forsodiumionbatteries-2023', 'http://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemmater.3c02294', event.ctrlKey)\"\n     class=\"bibbase doi link\">\n    <span>doi</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/wang-lee-whittingham-liu-unravelingthemultielectronredoxreactionsofvopotextrm4forsodiumionbatteries-2023\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <span class=\"bibbase_stats_paper\" style=\"color: #777;\">\n    <span>2 downloads</span>\n  </span>\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('wang-lee-whittingham-liu-unravelingthemultielectronredoxreactionsofvopotextrm4forsodiumionbatteries-2023')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@article{wang_unraveling_2023,\n\ttitle = {Unraveling the {Multielectron} {Redox} {Reactions} of β-{VOPO} $_{\\textrm{4}}$ for {Sodium} {Ion} {Batteries}},\n\tcopyright = {All rights reserved},\n\tissn = {0897-4756, 1520-5002},\n\turl = {https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.chemmater.3c02294},\n\tdoi = {10.1021/acs.chemmater.3c02294},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\turldate = {2023-11-05},\n\tjournal = {Chemistry of Materials},\n\tauthor = {Wang, Jiwei and Lee, Krystal and Whittingham, M. Stanley and Liu, Hao},\n\tmonth = nov,\n\tyear = {2023},\n\tpages = {acs.chemmater.3c02294},\n}\n\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"lee-zhou-zuba-kaplan-zong-qiao-zhou-chernova-etal-complexdefectchemistryofhydrothermallysynthesizednbsubstitutedlivopotextrm4-2023\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"http://xlink.rsc.org/?DOI=D3TA01152F\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'lee-zhou-zuba-kaplan-zong-qiao-zhou-chernova-etal-complexdefectchemistryofhydrothermallysynthesizednbsubstitutedlivopotextrm4-2023', 'http://xlink.rsc.org/?DOI=D3TA01152F', event);\">\n    Complex defect chemistry of hydrothermally-synthesized Nb-substituted β′-LiVOPO $_{\\textrm{4}}$.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Lee, K.; Zhou, H.; Zuba, M.; Kaplan, C.; Zong, Y.; Qiao, L.; Zhou, G.; Chernova, N. A.; <a class=\"bibbase author link\" href=\"http://chemiris.chem.binghamton.edu/LIU/pubs.html\">Liu, H.</a>;  and Whittingham, M. S.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  <i>Journal of Materials Chemistry A</i>, 11(20): 10834–10849.  2023.\n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://xlink.rsc.org/?DOI=D3TA01152F\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('lee-zhou-zuba-kaplan-zong-qiao-zhou-chernova-etal-complexdefectchemistryofhydrothermallysynthesizednbsubstitutedlivopotextrm4-2023', 'http://xlink.rsc.org/?DOI=D3TA01152F', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"Complex defect chemistry of hydrothermally-synthesized Nb-substituted β′-LiVOPO $_{\\textrm{4}}$ [link]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.org/10.1039/D3TA01152F\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('lee-zhou-zuba-kaplan-zong-qiao-zhou-chernova-etal-complexdefectchemistryofhydrothermallysynthesizednbsubstitutedlivopotextrm4-2023', 'http://doi.org/10.1039/D3TA01152F', event.ctrlKey)\"\n     class=\"bibbase doi link\">\n    <span>doi</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/lee-zhou-zuba-kaplan-zong-qiao-zhou-chernova-etal-complexdefectchemistryofhydrothermallysynthesizednbsubstitutedlivopotextrm4-2023\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <span class=\"bibbase_stats_paper\" style=\"color: #777;\">\n    <span>1 download</span>\n  </span>\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('lee-zhou-zuba-kaplan-zong-qiao-zhou-chernova-etal-complexdefectchemistryofhydrothermallysynthesizednbsubstitutedlivopotextrm4-2023')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@article{lee_complex_2023,\n\ttitle = {Complex defect chemistry of hydrothermally-synthesized {Nb}-substituted β′-{LiVOPO} $_{\\textrm{4}}$},\n\tvolume = {11},\n\tcopyright = {All rights reserved},\n\tissn = {2050-7488, 2050-7496},\n\turl = {http://xlink.rsc.org/?DOI=D3TA01152F},\n\tdoi = {10.1039/D3TA01152F},\n\tabstract = {Nb substitution\n              via\n              hydrothermal synthesis led to a new β′-LiVOPO\n              4\n              phase with complex defect chemistries. The samples showed improved high-voltage rate capabilities and an enlarged voltage hysteresis due to a partial V\n              4+\n              /V\n              3+\n              redox reaction.\n            \n          , \n            \n              Lithium vanadyl phosphate (LiVOPO\n              4\n              ) is a next-generation multielectron battery cathode that can intercalate up to two Li-ions per V-ion through the redox couples of V\n              4+\n              /V\n              3+\n              and V\n              5+\n              /V\n              4+\n              . However, its rate capacity is undermined by the sluggish Li-ion diffusion in the high-voltage region (4 V for V\n              5+\n              /V\n              4+\n              redox). Nb substitution was used to expand the crystal lattice to facilitate Li-ion diffusion. In this work, Nb substitution was achieved\n              via\n              hydrothermal synthesis, which resulted in a new, lower symmetry β′-LiVOPO\n              4\n              phase with preferential Nb occupation of one of the two V sites. This phase presents complex defect chemistries, including cation vacancies and hydrogen interstitials, characterized by a combination of X-ray and neutron diffraction, elemental and thermogravimetric analyses, X-ray absorption spectroscopy, and magnetic susceptibility measurements. The Nb-substituted samples demonstrated improved capacity retention and rate capabilities in the high-voltage region, albeit an enlarged voltage hysteresis related to a partial V\n              4+\n              /V\n              3+\n              redox reaction, as evidenced by\n              ex situ\n              X-ray absorption spectroscopy and pair distribution function analysis. This work highlights the importance of understanding the complex defect chemistry and its consequence on electrochemistry in polyanionic intercalation compounds.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {20},\n\turldate = {2023-10-11},\n\tjournal = {Journal of Materials Chemistry A},\n\tauthor = {Lee, Krystal and Zhou, Hui and Zuba, Mateusz and Kaplan, Carol and Zong, Yanxu and Qiao, Linna and Zhou, Guangwen and Chernova, Natasha A. and Liu, Hao and Whittingham, M. Stanley},\n\tyear = {2023},\n\tpages = {10834--10849},\n}\n\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  Nb substitution via hydrothermal synthesis led to a new β′-LiVOPO 4 phase with complex defect chemistries. The samples showed improved high-voltage rate capabilities and an enlarged voltage hysteresis due to a partial V 4+ /V 3+ redox reaction. , Lithium vanadyl phosphate (LiVOPO 4 ) is a next-generation multielectron battery cathode that can intercalate up to two Li-ions per V-ion through the redox couples of V 4+ /V 3+ and V 5+ /V 4+ . However, its rate capacity is undermined by the sluggish Li-ion diffusion in the high-voltage region (4 V for V 5+ /V 4+ redox). Nb substitution was used to expand the crystal lattice to facilitate Li-ion diffusion. In this work, Nb substitution was achieved via hydrothermal synthesis, which resulted in a new, lower symmetry β′-LiVOPO 4 phase with preferential Nb occupation of one of the two V sites. This phase presents complex defect chemistries, including cation vacancies and hydrogen interstitials, characterized by a combination of X-ray and neutron diffraction, elemental and thermogravimetric analyses, X-ray absorption spectroscopy, and magnetic susceptibility measurements. The Nb-substituted samples demonstrated improved capacity retention and rate capabilities in the high-voltage region, albeit an enlarged voltage hysteresis related to a partial V 4+ /V 3+ redox reaction, as evidenced by ex situ X-ray absorption spectroscopy and pair distribution function analysis. This work highlights the importance of understanding the complex defect chemistry and its consequence on electrochemistry in polyanionic intercalation compounds.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"jing-dixit-schiffres-liu-carbonfoamcacltextrm26htextrm2ocompositeasaphasechangematerialforthermalenergystorage-2023\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.energyfuels.3c01275\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'jing-dixit-schiffres-liu-carbonfoamcacltextrm26htextrm2ocompositeasaphasechangematerialforthermalenergystorage-2023', 'https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.energyfuels.3c01275', event);\">\n    Carbon Foam/CaCl $_{\\textrm{2}}$ ·6H $_{\\textrm{2}}$ O Composite as a Phase-Change Material for Thermal Energy Storage.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Jing, Y.; Dixit, K.; Schiffres, S. N.;  and <a class=\"bibbase author link\" href=\"http://chemiris.chem.binghamton.edu/LIU/pubs.html\">Liu, H.</a>\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  <i>Energy & Fuels</i>,acs.energyfuels.3c01275. July 2023.\n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.energyfuels.3c01275\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('jing-dixit-schiffres-liu-carbonfoamcacltextrm26htextrm2ocompositeasaphasechangematerialforthermalenergystorage-2023', 'https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.energyfuels.3c01275', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"Carbon Foam/CaCl $_{\\textrm{2}}$ ·6H $_{\\textrm{2}}$ O Composite as a Phase-Change Material for Thermal Energy Storage [link]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.org/10.1021/acs.energyfuels.3c01275\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('jing-dixit-schiffres-liu-carbonfoamcacltextrm26htextrm2ocompositeasaphasechangematerialforthermalenergystorage-2023', 'http://doi.org/10.1021/acs.energyfuels.3c01275', event.ctrlKey)\"\n     class=\"bibbase doi link\">\n    <span>doi</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/jing-dixit-schiffres-liu-carbonfoamcacltextrm26htextrm2ocompositeasaphasechangematerialforthermalenergystorage-2023\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <span class=\"bibbase_stats_paper\" style=\"color: #777;\">\n    <span>4 downloads</span>\n  </span>\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('jing-dixit-schiffres-liu-carbonfoamcacltextrm26htextrm2ocompositeasaphasechangematerialforthermalenergystorage-2023')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@article{jing_carbon_2023,\n\ttitle = {Carbon {Foam}/{CaCl} $_{\\textrm{2}}$ ·{6H} $_{\\textrm{2}}$ {O} {Composite} as a {Phase}-{Change} {Material} for {Thermal} {Energy} {Storage}},\n\tcopyright = {All rights reserved},\n\tissn = {0887-0624, 1520-5029},\n\turl = {https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.energyfuels.3c01275},\n\tdoi = {10.1021/acs.energyfuels.3c01275},\n\tabstract = {Inorganic salt hydrates are promising phase-change materials (PCMs) for thermal energy storage due to their high latent heat of fusion. However, their practical application is often limited by their unstable form, dehydration, large supercooling, and low thermal conductivity. Porous melamine foam and its carbonized derivatives are potential supporting porous materials to encapsulate inorganic salt hydrate PCMs to address these problems. This work investigates the effect of pyrolysis temperature on the morphology and structure of the carbonized foams and their thermal energy storage performance. Pyrolysis of melamine foam at 700−900 °C leads to the formation of crystalline sodium cyanate and sodium carbonate particles on the foam skeleton surface, which allows the spontaneous impregnation of the carbon foam with molten CaCl2·6H2O. The form-stable foam-CaCl2·6H2O composite effectively suppresses supercooling and dehydration, demonstrating the efficacy of carbon foam as a promising supporting material for inorganic salt hydrate PCMs.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\turldate = {2023-08-03},\n\tjournal = {Energy \\&amp; Fuels},\n\tauthor = {Jing, Yikang and Dixit, Kunal and Schiffres, Scott N. and Liu, Hao},\n\tmonth = jul,\n\tyear = {2023},\n\tpages = {acs.energyfuels.3c01275},\n}\n\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  Inorganic salt hydrates are promising phase-change materials (PCMs) for thermal energy storage due to their high latent heat of fusion. However, their practical application is often limited by their unstable form, dehydration, large supercooling, and low thermal conductivity. Porous melamine foam and its carbonized derivatives are potential supporting porous materials to encapsulate inorganic salt hydrate PCMs to address these problems. This work investigates the effect of pyrolysis temperature on the morphology and structure of the carbonized foams and their thermal energy storage performance. Pyrolysis of melamine foam at 700−900 °C leads to the formation of crystalline sodium cyanate and sodium carbonate particles on the foam skeleton surface, which allows the spontaneous impregnation of the carbon foam with molten CaCl2·6H2O. The form-stable foam-CaCl2·6H2O composite effectively suppresses supercooling and dehydration, demonstrating the efficacy of carbon foam as a promising supporting material for inorganic salt hydrate PCMs.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"peiris-brennan-liepinya-liu-smeu-computationaldeterminationofthesolvationstructureoflibf4andlipf6saltsinbatteryelectrolytes-2023\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0927775723009159\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'peiris-brennan-liepinya-liu-smeu-computationaldeterminationofthesolvationstructureoflibf4andlipf6saltsinbatteryelectrolytes-2023', 'https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0927775723009159', event);\">\n    Computational determination of the solvation structure of LiBF4 and LiPF6 salts in battery electrolytes.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Peiris, M. H. C.; Brennan, S.; Liepinya, D.; <a class=\"bibbase author link\" href=\"http://chemiris.chem.binghamton.edu/LIU/pubs.html\">Liu, H.</a>;  and Smeu, M.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  <i>Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects</i>, 674: 131831. October 2023.\n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0927775723009159\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('peiris-brennan-liepinya-liu-smeu-computationaldeterminationofthesolvationstructureoflibf4andlipf6saltsinbatteryelectrolytes-2023', 'https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0927775723009159', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"Computational determination of the solvation structure of LiBF4 and LiPF6 salts in battery electrolytes [link]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfa.2023.131831\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('peiris-brennan-liepinya-liu-smeu-computationaldeterminationofthesolvationstructureoflibf4andlipf6saltsinbatteryelectrolytes-2023', 'http://doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfa.2023.131831', event.ctrlKey)\"\n     class=\"bibbase doi link\">\n    <span>doi</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/peiris-brennan-liepinya-liu-smeu-computationaldeterminationofthesolvationstructureoflibf4andlipf6saltsinbatteryelectrolytes-2023\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('peiris-brennan-liepinya-liu-smeu-computationaldeterminationofthesolvationstructureoflibf4andlipf6saltsinbatteryelectrolytes-2023')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@article{peiris_computational_2023,\n\ttitle = {Computational determination of the solvation structure of {LiBF4} and {LiPF6} salts in battery electrolytes},\n\tvolume = {674},\n\tcopyright = {All rights reserved},\n\tissn = {09277757},\n\turl = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0927775723009159},\n\tdoi = {10.1016/j.colsurfa.2023.131831},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\turldate = {2023-06-22},\n\tjournal = {Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects},\n\tauthor = {Peiris, M.D. Hashan C. and Brennan, Scott and Liepinya, Diana and Liu, Hao and Smeu, Manuel},\n\tmonth = oct,\n\tyear = {2023},\n\tpages = {131831},\n}\n\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n\n\n\n    </div>\n  </div>\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_group_whole\" id=\"group_2022\">\n    <div class=\"bibbase_group\"\n      onclick=\"toggleGroup('group_2022')\"\n      onkeypress=\"toggleGroup('group_2022')\"\n      tabindex=\"0\">\n      <i class=\"fa fa-angle-down bibbase_group_head_icon\"></i>&nbsp;\n      <span>2022</span>\n      <span class=\"bibbase_group_count\">\n        \n        (3)\n        \n      </span>\n    </div>\n    <div class=\"bibbase_group_body\">\n      \n  \n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"zhang-liu-piper-whittingham-zhou-oxygenlossinlayeredoxidecathodesforliionbatteriesmechanismseffectsandmitigation-2022\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  Oxygen Loss in Layered Oxide Cathodes for Li-Ion Batteries: Mechanisms, Effects, and Mitigation.\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Zhang, H.; <a class=\"bibbase author link\" href=\"http://chemiris.chem.binghamton.edu/LIU/pubs.html\">Liu, H.</a>; Piper, L.; Whittingham, M. S.;  and Zhou, G.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  <i>Chemical Reviews</i>, 122(6): 5641–5681. January 2022.\n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00327\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('zhang-liu-piper-whittingham-zhou-oxygenlossinlayeredoxidecathodesforliionbatteriesmechanismseffectsandmitigation-2022', 'http://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00327', event.ctrlKey)\"\n     class=\"bibbase doi link\">\n    <span>doi</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/zhang-liu-piper-whittingham-zhou-oxygenlossinlayeredoxidecathodesforliionbatteriesmechanismseffectsandmitigation-2022\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('zhang-liu-piper-whittingham-zhou-oxygenlossinlayeredoxidecathodesforliionbatteriesmechanismseffectsandmitigation-2022')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@article{zhang_oxygen_2022,\n\ttitle = {Oxygen {Loss} in {Layered} {Oxide} {Cathodes} for {Li}-{Ion} {Batteries}: {Mechanisms}, {Effects}, and {Mitigation}},\n\tvolume = {122},\n\tcopyright = {All rights reserved},\n\tissn = {0009-2665},\n\tdoi = {10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00327},\n\tabstract = {Layered lithium transition metal oxides derived from LiMO2 (M = Co, Ni, Mn, etc.) have been widely adopted as the cathode of Li-ion batteries for portable electronics, electric vehicles and energy storage. Oxygen loss in the layered oxides is one of the major reasons leading to the cycling-induced structural degradation and its associated fade in electrochemical performance. Herein, we review recent progress in understanding the phenomena of oxygen loss and resulting structural degradation in layered oxide cathodes. We first present the major driving forces leading to the oxygen loss and then describe the associated structural degradation resulting from the oxygen loss. We follow this analysis with a discussion of the kinetic pathways that enable oxygen loss, and then we address the resulting electrochemical fade. Finally, we review the possible approaches towards mitigating oxygen loss and the associated electrochemical fade, as well as detailing novel analytical methods for probing the oxygen loss.},\n\tnumber = {6},\n\tjournal = {Chemical Reviews},\n\tauthor = {Zhang, Hanlei and Liu, Hao and Piper, Louis and Whittingham, M. Stanley and Zhou, Guangwen},\n\tmonth = jan,\n\tyear = {2022},\n\tpages = {5641--5681},\n}\n\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  Layered lithium transition metal oxides derived from LiMO2 (M = Co, Ni, Mn, etc.) have been widely adopted as the cathode of Li-ion batteries for portable electronics, electric vehicles and energy storage. Oxygen loss in the layered oxides is one of the major reasons leading to the cycling-induced structural degradation and its associated fade in electrochemical performance. Herein, we review recent progress in understanding the phenomena of oxygen loss and resulting structural degradation in layered oxide cathodes. We first present the major driving forces leading to the oxygen loss and then describe the associated structural degradation resulting from the oxygen loss. We follow this analysis with a discussion of the kinetic pathways that enable oxygen loss, and then we address the resulting electrochemical fade. Finally, we review the possible approaches towards mitigating oxygen loss and the associated electrochemical fade, as well as detailing novel analytical methods for probing the oxygen loss.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"wang-hoteling-shepard-wahila-wang-smeu-liu-reactionmechanismofnaiondeintercalationinnatextrm2cosiotextrm4-2022\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  Reaction Mechanism of Na-Ion Deintercalation in Na$_{\\textrm{2}}$CoSiO$_{\\textrm{4}}$.\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Wang, J.; Hoteling, G.; Shepard, R.; Wahila, M.; Wang, F.; Smeu, M.;  and <a class=\"bibbase author link\" href=\"http://chemiris.chem.binghamton.edu/LIU/pubs.html\">Liu, H.</a>\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  <i>The Journal of Physical Chemistry C</i>, 126(40): 16983 – 16992. October 2022.\n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpcc.2c05314\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('wang-hoteling-shepard-wahila-wang-smeu-liu-reactionmechanismofnaiondeintercalationinnatextrm2cosiotextrm4-2022', 'http://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpcc.2c05314', event.ctrlKey)\"\n     class=\"bibbase doi link\">\n    <span>doi</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/wang-hoteling-shepard-wahila-wang-smeu-liu-reactionmechanismofnaiondeintercalationinnatextrm2cosiotextrm4-2022\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('wang-hoteling-shepard-wahila-wang-smeu-liu-reactionmechanismofnaiondeintercalationinnatextrm2cosiotextrm4-2022')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@article{wang_reaction_2022,\n\ttitle = {Reaction {Mechanism} of {Na}-{Ion} {Deintercalation} in {Na}$_{\\textrm{2}}${CoSiO}$_{\\textrm{4}}$},\n\tvolume = {126},\n\tcopyright = {All rights reserved},\n\tissn = {1932-7447},\n\tdoi = {10.1021/acs.jpcc.2c05314},\n\tabstract = {Sodium transition metal silicates are potential candidate electrode materials to enable two-electron redox per transition metal ion center. Yet, the electrochemical reaction mechanism remains elusive despite the widely reported electrochemical activity for this class of materials as intercalation cathodes for Na-ion batteries. Adopting monoclinic Na$_{\\textrm{2}}$CoSiO$_{\\textrm{4}}$ as a model compound, we used high-resolution synchrotron X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray pair distribution function (PDF) analysis to elucidate the structure of the partially de-sodiated Na$_{\\textrm{2-x}}$CoSiO$_{\\textrm{4}}$ phases for the Co$^{\\textrm{3+}}$/Co$^{\\textrm{2+}}$ redox couple. The appearance of satellite reflections in the intermediate Na$_{\\textrm{1.5}}$CoSiO$_{\\textrm{4}}$ and NaCoSiO$_{\\textrm{4}}$ phases manifests the formation of modulated structures, which are induced by Na$^{\\textrm{+}}$/vacancy and Co$^{\\textrm{2+}}$/Co$^{\\textrm{3+}}$ charge orderings. Accounting for these structural orderings is important to understand the function and performance of sodium transition metal silicate electrodes.},\n\tnumber = {40},\n\tjournal = {The Journal of Physical Chemistry C},\n\tauthor = {Wang, Jiwei and Hoteling, Grayson and Shepard, Robert and Wahila, Matthew and Wang, Fei and Smeu, Manuel and Liu, Hao},\n\tmonth = oct,\n\tyear = {2022},\n\tpages = {16983 -- 16992},\n}\n\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  Sodium transition metal silicates are potential candidate electrode materials to enable two-electron redox per transition metal ion center. Yet, the electrochemical reaction mechanism remains elusive despite the widely reported electrochemical activity for this class of materials as intercalation cathodes for Na-ion batteries. Adopting monoclinic Na$_{\\textrm{2}}$CoSiO$_{\\textrm{4}}$ as a model compound, we used high-resolution synchrotron X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray pair distribution function (PDF) analysis to elucidate the structure of the partially de-sodiated Na$_{\\textrm{2-x}}$CoSiO$_{\\textrm{4}}$ phases for the Co$^{\\textrm{3+}}$/Co$^{\\textrm{2+}}$ redox couple. The appearance of satellite reflections in the intermediate Na$_{\\textrm{1.5}}$CoSiO$_{\\textrm{4}}$ and NaCoSiO$_{\\textrm{4}}$ phases manifests the formation of modulated structures, which are induced by Na$^{\\textrm{+}}$/vacancy and Co$^{\\textrm{2+}}$/Co$^{\\textrm{3+}}$ charge orderings. Accounting for these structural orderings is important to understand the function and performance of sodium transition metal silicate electrodes.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"fan-zuba-zong-menon-pacileo-piper-zhou-liu-surfacereductionstabilizesthesinglecrystallinenirichlayeredcathodeforliionbatteries-2022\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.26434/chemrxiv-2022-fplt1\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'fan-zuba-zong-menon-pacileo-piper-zhou-liu-surfacereductionstabilizesthesinglecrystallinenirichlayeredcathodeforliionbatteries-2022', 'https://doi.org/10.26434/chemrxiv-2022-fplt1', event);\">\n    Surface Reduction Stabilizes the Single-Crystalline Ni-Rich Layered Cathode for Li-Ion Batteries.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Fan, Q.; Zuba, M. J.; Zong, Y.; Menon, A. S.; Pacileo, A. T.; Piper, L. F.; Zhou, G.;  and <a class=\"bibbase author link\" href=\"http://chemiris.chem.binghamton.edu/LIU/pubs.html\">Liu, H.</a>\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  <i>ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces</i>, 14(34): 38795–38806. August 2022.\n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.26434/chemrxiv-2022-fplt1\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('fan-zuba-zong-menon-pacileo-piper-zhou-liu-surfacereductionstabilizesthesinglecrystallinenirichlayeredcathodeforliionbatteries-2022', 'https://doi.org/10.26434/chemrxiv-2022-fplt1', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"Surface Reduction Stabilizes the Single-Crystalline Ni-Rich Layered Cathode for Li-Ion Batteries [link]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.2c09937\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('fan-zuba-zong-menon-pacileo-piper-zhou-liu-surfacereductionstabilizesthesinglecrystallinenirichlayeredcathodeforliionbatteries-2022', 'http://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.2c09937', event.ctrlKey)\"\n     class=\"bibbase doi link\">\n    <span>doi</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/fan-zuba-zong-menon-pacileo-piper-zhou-liu-surfacereductionstabilizesthesinglecrystallinenirichlayeredcathodeforliionbatteries-2022\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <span class=\"bibbase_stats_paper\" style=\"color: #777;\">\n    <span>3 downloads</span>\n  </span>\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('fan-zuba-zong-menon-pacileo-piper-zhou-liu-surfacereductionstabilizesthesinglecrystallinenirichlayeredcathodeforliionbatteries-2022')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@article{fan_surface_2022,\n\ttitle = {Surface {Reduction} {Stabilizes} the {Single}-{Crystalline} {Ni}-{Rich} {Layered} {Cathode} for {Li}-{Ion} {Batteries}},\n\tvolume = {14},\n\tcopyright = {All rights reserved},\n\tissn = {1944-8244},\n\turl = {https://doi.org/10.26434/chemrxiv-2022-fplt1},\n\tdoi = {10.1021/acsami.2c09937},\n\tnumber = {34},\n\tjournal = {ACS Applied Materials \\&amp; Interfaces},\n\tauthor = {Fan, Qinglu and Zuba, Mateusz Jan and Zong, Yanxu and Menon, Ashok S. and Pacileo, Anthony T. and Piper, Louis F.J. and Zhou, Guangwen and Liu, Hao},\n\tmonth = aug,\n\tyear = {2022},\n\tpages = {38795--38806},\n}\n\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n\n\n\n    </div>\n  </div>\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_group_whole\" id=\"group_2021\">\n    <div class=\"bibbase_group\"\n      onclick=\"toggleGroup('group_2021')\"\n      onkeypress=\"toggleGroup('group_2021')\"\n      tabindex=\"0\">\n      <i class=\"fa fa-angle-down bibbase_group_head_icon\"></i>&nbsp;\n      <span>2021</span>\n      <span class=\"bibbase_group_count\">\n        \n        (2)\n        \n      </span>\n    </div>\n    <div class=\"bibbase_group_body\">\n      \n  \n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"lee-siu-hidalgo-rana-zuba-chung-omenya-piper-etal-structurecompositionandelectrochemistryofchromiumsubstitutedlivopo4-2021\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acsaem.0c02634\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'lee-siu-hidalgo-rana-zuba-chung-omenya-piper-etal-structurecompositionandelectrochemistryofchromiumsubstitutedlivopo4-2021', 'https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acsaem.0c02634', event);\">\n    Structure, Composition, and Electrochemistry of Chromium-Substituted ε-LiVOPO 4.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Lee, K.; Siu, C.; Hidalgo, M. F. V.; Rana, J.; Zuba, M.; Chung, Y.; Omenya, F.; Piper, L. F. J.; <a class=\"bibbase author link\" href=\"http://chemiris.chem.binghamton.edu/LIU/pubs.html\">Liu, H.</a>; Chernova, N. A.;  and Whittingham, M. S.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  <i>ACS Applied Energy Materials</i>, 4(2): 1421–1430. February 2021.\n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acsaem.0c02634\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('lee-siu-hidalgo-rana-zuba-chung-omenya-piper-etal-structurecompositionandelectrochemistryofchromiumsubstitutedlivopo4-2021', 'https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acsaem.0c02634', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"Structure, Composition, and Electrochemistry of Chromium-Substituted ε-LiVOPO 4 [link]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.org/10.1021/acsaem.0c02634\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('lee-siu-hidalgo-rana-zuba-chung-omenya-piper-etal-structurecompositionandelectrochemistryofchromiumsubstitutedlivopo4-2021', 'http://doi.org/10.1021/acsaem.0c02634', event.ctrlKey)\"\n     class=\"bibbase doi link\">\n    <span>doi</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/lee-siu-hidalgo-rana-zuba-chung-omenya-piper-etal-structurecompositionandelectrochemistryofchromiumsubstitutedlivopo4-2021\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <span class=\"bibbase_stats_paper\" style=\"color: #777;\">\n    <span>9 downloads</span>\n  </span>\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('lee-siu-hidalgo-rana-zuba-chung-omenya-piper-etal-structurecompositionandelectrochemistryofchromiumsubstitutedlivopo4-2021')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@article{lee_structure_2021,\n\ttitle = {Structure, {Composition}, and {Electrochemistry} of {Chromium}-{Substituted} ε-{LiVOPO} 4},\n\tvolume = {4},\n\tcopyright = {All rights reserved},\n\tissn = {2574-0962},\n\turl = {https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acsaem.0c02634},\n\tdoi = {10.1021/acsaem.0c02634},\n\tabstract = {Lithium vanadyl phosphate (LiVOPO4) is an attractive cathode material for next-generation lithium-ion batteries, having the ability to reversibly intercalate two Li ions per transition metal redox center to reach a theoretical capacity of 305 mAh g-1. This material has a high energy density with two voltage plateaus of 2 and 4 V. However, reduced capacity retention at faster rates and sluggish kinetics in the high-voltage region leaves much room for improvement. Cr substitution was implemented to mitigate these limitations and enhance the electrochemical performance of ε-LiVOPO4. By various characterization techniques, we have established the composition of the hydrothermally synthesized Cr-substituted samples to be LixHyCrzV1-zOPO4 solid solution (0.80 ≤ x ≦ 0.85, 0.25 ≦ y ≦ 0.60, and z ≦ 0.05). All Cr-substituted samples demonstrated higher coulombic efficiency and superior cycling stability for over 40 cycles at C/15. Electrochemical tests show Cr substitution enhances the Li-ion diffusion in the high-voltage regime and the reaction reversibility of ε-LiVOPO4.},\n\tnumber = {2},\n\tjournal = {ACS Applied Energy Materials},\n\tauthor = {Lee, Krystal and Siu, Carrie and Hidalgo, Marc F. V. and Rana, Jatinkumar and Zuba, Mateusz and Chung, Youngmin and Omenya, Fredrick and Piper, Louis F. J. and Liu, Hao and Chernova, Natasha A. and Whittingham, M. Stanley},\n\tmonth = feb,\n\tyear = {2021},\n\tpages = {1421--1430},\n}\n\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  Lithium vanadyl phosphate (LiVOPO4) is an attractive cathode material for next-generation lithium-ion batteries, having the ability to reversibly intercalate two Li ions per transition metal redox center to reach a theoretical capacity of 305 mAh g-1. This material has a high energy density with two voltage plateaus of 2 and 4 V. However, reduced capacity retention at faster rates and sluggish kinetics in the high-voltage region leaves much room for improvement. Cr substitution was implemented to mitigate these limitations and enhance the electrochemical performance of ε-LiVOPO4. By various characterization techniques, we have established the composition of the hydrothermally synthesized Cr-substituted samples to be LixHyCrzV1-zOPO4 solid solution (0.80 ≤ x ≦ 0.85, 0.25 ≦ y ≦ 0.60, and z ≦ 0.05). All Cr-substituted samples demonstrated higher coulombic efficiency and superior cycling stability for over 40 cycles at C/15. Electrochemical tests show Cr substitution enhances the Li-ion diffusion in the high-voltage regime and the reaction reversibility of ε-LiVOPO4.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"pei-zhou-goel-zuba-liu-xin-whittingham-alsubstitutionformnduringcoprecipitationbooststheelectrochemicalperformanceoflini08mn01co01o2-2021\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1149/1945-7111/ac0020\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'pei-zhou-goel-zuba-liu-xin-whittingham-alsubstitutionformnduringcoprecipitationbooststheelectrochemicalperformanceoflini08mn01co01o2-2021', 'https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1149/1945-7111/ac0020', event);\">\n    Al Substitution for Mn during Co-Precipitation Boosts the Electrochemical Performance of LiNi 0.8 Mn 0.1 Co 0.1 O 2.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Pei, B.; Zhou, H.; Goel, A.; Zuba, M.; <a class=\"bibbase author link\" href=\"http://chemiris.chem.binghamton.edu/LIU/pubs.html\">Liu, H.</a>; Xin, F.;  and Whittingham, M. S.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  <i>Journal of The Electrochemical Society</i>, 168(5): 050532. May 2021.\n  <span class=\"note\">Publisher: IOP Publishing</span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1149/1945-7111/ac0020\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('pei-zhou-goel-zuba-liu-xin-whittingham-alsubstitutionformnduringcoprecipitationbooststheelectrochemicalperformanceoflini08mn01co01o2-2021', 'https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1149/1945-7111/ac0020', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"Al Substitution for Mn during Co-Precipitation Boosts the Electrochemical Performance of LiNi 0.8 Mn 0.1 Co 0.1 O 2 [link]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.org/10.1149/1945-7111/ac0020\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('pei-zhou-goel-zuba-liu-xin-whittingham-alsubstitutionformnduringcoprecipitationbooststheelectrochemicalperformanceoflini08mn01co01o2-2021', 'http://doi.org/10.1149/1945-7111/ac0020', event.ctrlKey)\"\n     class=\"bibbase doi link\">\n    <span>doi</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/pei-zhou-goel-zuba-liu-xin-whittingham-alsubstitutionformnduringcoprecipitationbooststheelectrochemicalperformanceoflini08mn01co01o2-2021\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('pei-zhou-goel-zuba-liu-xin-whittingham-alsubstitutionformnduringcoprecipitationbooststheelectrochemicalperformanceoflini08mn01co01o2-2021')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@article{pei_substitution_2021,\n\ttitle = {Al {Substitution} for {Mn} during {Co}-{Precipitation} {Boosts} the {Electrochemical} {Performance} of {LiNi} 0.8 {Mn} 0.1 {Co} 0.1 {O} 2},\n\tvolume = {168},\n\tcopyright = {All rights reserved},\n\tissn = {0013-4651},\n\turl = {https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1149/1945-7111/ac0020},\n\tdoi = {10.1149/1945-7111/ac0020},\n\tnumber = {5},\n\tjournal = {Journal of The Electrochemical Society},\n\tauthor = {Pei, Ben and Zhou, Hui and Goel, Anshika and Zuba, Mateusz and Liu, Hao and Xin, Fengxia and Whittingham, M. Stanley},\n\tmonth = may,\n\tyear = {2021},\n\tnote = {Publisher: IOP Publishing},\n\tpages = {050532},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n\n\n\n    </div>\n  </div>\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_group_whole\" id=\"group_2020\">\n    <div class=\"bibbase_group\"\n      onclick=\"toggleGroup('group_2020')\"\n      onkeypress=\"toggleGroup('group_2020')\"\n      tabindex=\"0\">\n      <i class=\"fa fa-angle-down bibbase_group_head_icon\"></i>&nbsp;\n      <span>2020</span>\n      <span class=\"bibbase_group_count\">\n        \n        (2)\n        \n      </span>\n    </div>\n    <div class=\"bibbase_group_body\">\n      \n  \n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"grenier-reeves-liu-seymour-m-wiaderek-chupas-grey-etal-intrinsickineticlimitationsinsubstitutedlithiumlayeredtransitionmetaloxideelectrodes-2020\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jacs.9b13551\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'grenier-reeves-liu-seymour-m-wiaderek-chupas-grey-etal-intrinsickineticlimitationsinsubstitutedlithiumlayeredtransitionmetaloxideelectrodes-2020', 'https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jacs.9b13551', event);\">\n    Intrinsic Kinetic Limitations in Substituted Lithium-Layered Transition-Metal Oxide Electrodes.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Grenier, A.; Reeves, P. J; <a class=\"bibbase author link\" href=\"http://chemiris.chem.binghamton.edu/LIU/pubs.html\">Liu, H.</a>; Seymour, I. D; Mä, K.; Wiaderek, K. M; Chupas, P. J; Grey, C. P;  and Chapman, K. W\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  <i>Journal of American Chemical Society</i>, 142(15): 7001–7011. March 2020.\n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jacs.9b13551\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('grenier-reeves-liu-seymour-m-wiaderek-chupas-grey-etal-intrinsickineticlimitationsinsubstitutedlithiumlayeredtransitionmetaloxideelectrodes-2020', 'https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jacs.9b13551', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"Intrinsic Kinetic Limitations in Substituted Lithium-Layered Transition-Metal Oxide Electrodes [link]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.org/10.1021/jacs.9b13551\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('grenier-reeves-liu-seymour-m-wiaderek-chupas-grey-etal-intrinsickineticlimitationsinsubstitutedlithiumlayeredtransitionmetaloxideelectrodes-2020', 'http://doi.org/10.1021/jacs.9b13551', event.ctrlKey)\"\n     class=\"bibbase doi link\">\n    <span>doi</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/grenier-reeves-liu-seymour-m-wiaderek-chupas-grey-etal-intrinsickineticlimitationsinsubstitutedlithiumlayeredtransitionmetaloxideelectrodes-2020\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('grenier-reeves-liu-seymour-m-wiaderek-chupas-grey-etal-intrinsickineticlimitationsinsubstitutedlithiumlayeredtransitionmetaloxideelectrodes-2020')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@article{grenier_intrinsic_2020,\n\ttitle = {Intrinsic {Kinetic} {Limitations} in {Substituted} {Lithium}-{Layered} {Transition}-{Metal} {Oxide} {Electrodes}},\n\tvolume = {142},\n\tcopyright = {All rights reserved},\n\turl = {https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jacs.9b13551},\n\tdoi = {10.1021/jacs.9b13551},\n\tabstract = {Substituted Li-layered transition-metal oxide (LTMO) electrodes such as Li x Ni y Mn z Co 1−y−z O 2 (NMC) and Li x Ni y Co 1−y−z Al z O 2 (NCA) show reduced first cycle Coulombic efficiency (90−87\\% under standard cycling conditions) in comparison with the archetypal Li x CoO 2 (LCO; ∼98\\% efficiency). Focusing on Li x Ni 0.8 Co 0.15 Al 0.05 O 2 as a model compound, we use operando synchrotron X-ray diffraction (XRD) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy to demonstrate that the apparent first-cycle capacity loss is a kinetic effect linked to limited Li mobility at x {\\textgreater} 0.88, with near full capacity recovered during a potentiostatic hold following the galvanostatic charge− discharge cycle. This kinetic capacity loss, unlike many capacity losses in LTMOs, is independent of the cutoff voltage during delithiation and it is a reversible process. The kinetic limitation manifests not only as the kinetic capacity loss during discharge but as a subtle bimodal compositional distribution early in charge and, also, a dramatic increase of the charge−discharge voltage hysteresis at x {\\textgreater} 0.88. 7 Li NMR measurements indicate that the kinetic limitation reflects limited Li transport at x {\\textgreater} 0.86. Electrochemical measurements on a wider range of LTMOs including Li x (Ni,Fe) y Co 1−y O 2 suggest that 5\\% substitution is sufficient to induce the kinetic limitation and that the effect is not limited to Ni substitution. We outline how, in addition to a reduction in the number of Li vacancies and shrinkage of the Li-layer size, the intrinsic charge storage mechanism (two-phase vs solid-solution) and localization of charge give rise to additional kinetic barriers in NCA and nonmetallic LTMOs in general.},\n\tnumber = {15},\n\turldate = {2020-04-08},\n\tjournal = {Journal of American Chemical Society},\n\tauthor = {Grenier, Antonin and Reeves, Philip J and Liu, Hao and Seymour, Ieuan D and Mä, Katharina and Wiaderek, Kamila M and Chupas, Peter J and Grey, Clare P and Chapman, Karena W},\n\tmonth = mar,\n\tyear = {2020},\n\tpages = {7001--7011},\n}\n\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  Substituted Li-layered transition-metal oxide (LTMO) electrodes such as Li x Ni y Mn z Co 1−y−z O 2 (NMC) and Li x Ni y Co 1−y−z Al z O 2 (NCA) show reduced first cycle Coulombic efficiency (90−87% under standard cycling conditions) in comparison with the archetypal Li x CoO 2 (LCO; ∼98% efficiency). Focusing on Li x Ni 0.8 Co 0.15 Al 0.05 O 2 as a model compound, we use operando synchrotron X-ray diffraction (XRD) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy to demonstrate that the apparent first-cycle capacity loss is a kinetic effect linked to limited Li mobility at x \\textgreater 0.88, with near full capacity recovered during a potentiostatic hold following the galvanostatic charge− discharge cycle. This kinetic capacity loss, unlike many capacity losses in LTMOs, is independent of the cutoff voltage during delithiation and it is a reversible process. The kinetic limitation manifests not only as the kinetic capacity loss during discharge but as a subtle bimodal compositional distribution early in charge and, also, a dramatic increase of the charge−discharge voltage hysteresis at x \\textgreater 0.88. 7 Li NMR measurements indicate that the kinetic limitation reflects limited Li transport at x \\textgreater 0.86. Electrochemical measurements on a wider range of LTMOs including Li x (Ni,Fe) y Co 1−y O 2 suggest that 5% substitution is sufficient to induce the kinetic limitation and that the effect is not limited to Ni substitution. We outline how, in addition to a reduction in the number of Li vacancies and shrinkage of the Li-layer size, the intrinsic charge storage mechanism (two-phase vs solid-solution) and localization of charge give rise to additional kinetic barriers in NCA and nonmetallic LTMOs in general.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"liu-li-grenier-kamm-yin-mattei-cosby-khalifah-etal-bestpracticesforoperandodepthresolvingbatteryexperiments-2020\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"http://scripts.iucr.org/cgi-bin/paper?S1600576719016315\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'liu-li-grenier-kamm-yin-mattei-cosby-khalifah-etal-bestpracticesforoperandodepthresolvingbatteryexperiments-2020', 'http://scripts.iucr.org/cgi-bin/paper?S1600576719016315', event);\">\n    Best practices for operando depth-resolving battery experiments.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  <a class=\"bibbase author link\" href=\"http://chemiris.chem.binghamton.edu/LIU/pubs.html\">Liu, H.</a>; Li, Z.; Grenier, A.; Kamm, G. E.; Yin, L.; Mattei, G. S.; Cosby, M. R.; Khalifah, P. G.; Chupas, P. J.;  and Chapman, K. W.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  <i>Journal of Applied Crystallography</i>, 53(1): 133–139. February 2020.\n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://scripts.iucr.org/cgi-bin/paper?S1600576719016315\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('liu-li-grenier-kamm-yin-mattei-cosby-khalifah-etal-bestpracticesforoperandodepthresolvingbatteryexperiments-2020', 'http://scripts.iucr.org/cgi-bin/paper?S1600576719016315', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"Best practices for operando depth-resolving battery experiments [link]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.org/10.1107/S1600576719016315\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('liu-li-grenier-kamm-yin-mattei-cosby-khalifah-etal-bestpracticesforoperandodepthresolvingbatteryexperiments-2020', 'http://doi.org/10.1107/S1600576719016315', event.ctrlKey)\"\n     class=\"bibbase doi link\">\n    <span>doi</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/liu-li-grenier-kamm-yin-mattei-cosby-khalifah-etal-bestpracticesforoperandodepthresolvingbatteryexperiments-2020\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <span class=\"bibbase_stats_paper\" style=\"color: #777;\">\n    <span>5 downloads</span>\n  </span>\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('liu-li-grenier-kamm-yin-mattei-cosby-khalifah-etal-bestpracticesforoperandodepthresolvingbatteryexperiments-2020')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@article{liu_best_2020,\n\ttitle = {Best practices for operando depth-resolving battery experiments},\n\tvolume = {53},\n\tcopyright = {All rights reserved},\n\tissn = {1600-5767},\n\turl = {http://scripts.iucr.org/cgi-bin/paper?S1600576719016315},\n\tdoi = {10.1107/S1600576719016315},\n\tabstract = {Operando studies that probe how electrochemical reactions propagate through a battery provide valuable feedback for optimizing the electrode architecture and for mitigating reaction heterogeneity. Transmission-geometry depth-profiling measurements carried out with the beam directed parallel to the battery layers – in a radial geometry – can provide quantitative structural insights that resolve depth-dependent reaction heterogeneity which are not accessible from conventional transmission measurements that traverse all battery layers. However, these spatially resolved measurements are susceptible to aberrations that do not affect conventional perpendicular-beam studies. Key practical considerations that can impact the interpretation of synchrotron depth-profiling studies, which are related to the signal-to-noise ratio, cell alignment and lateral heterogeneity, are described. Strategies to enable accurate quantification of state of charge during rapid depth-profiling studies are presented.},\n\tnumber = {1},\n\tjournal = {Journal of Applied Crystallography},\n\tauthor = {Liu, Hao and Li, Zhuo and Grenier, Antonin and Kamm, Gabrielle E. and Yin, Liang and Mattei, Gerard S. and Cosby, Monty R. and Khalifah, Peter G. and Chupas, Peter J. and Chapman, Karena W.},\n\tmonth = feb,\n\tyear = {2020},\n\tpages = {133--139},\n}\n\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  Operando studies that probe how electrochemical reactions propagate through a battery provide valuable feedback for optimizing the electrode architecture and for mitigating reaction heterogeneity. Transmission-geometry depth-profiling measurements carried out with the beam directed parallel to the battery layers – in a radial geometry – can provide quantitative structural insights that resolve depth-dependent reaction heterogeneity which are not accessible from conventional transmission measurements that traverse all battery layers. However, these spatially resolved measurements are susceptible to aberrations that do not affect conventional perpendicular-beam studies. Key practical considerations that can impact the interpretation of synchrotron depth-profiling studies, which are related to the signal-to-noise ratio, cell alignment and lateral heterogeneity, are described. Strategies to enable accurate quantification of state of charge during rapid depth-profiling studies are presented.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n\n\n\n    </div>\n  </div>\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_group_whole\" id=\"group_2019\">\n    <div class=\"bibbase_group\"\n      onclick=\"toggleGroup('group_2019')\"\n      onkeypress=\"toggleGroup('group_2019')\"\n      tabindex=\"0\">\n      <i class=\"fa fa-angle-down bibbase_group_head_icon\"></i>&nbsp;\n      <span>2019</span>\n      <span class=\"bibbase_group_count\">\n        \n        (3)\n        \n      </span>\n    </div>\n    <div class=\"bibbase_group_body\">\n      \n  \n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"liu-kazemiabnavi-grenier-vaughan-dimichiel-polzin-thornton-chapman-etal-quantifyingreactionandrateheterogeneityinbatteryelectrodesin3dthroughoperandoxraydiffractioncomputedtomography-2019\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"http://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acsami.9b02173\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'liu-kazemiabnavi-grenier-vaughan-dimichiel-polzin-thornton-chapman-etal-quantifyingreactionandrateheterogeneityinbatteryelectrodesin3dthroughoperandoxraydiffractioncomputedtomography-2019', 'http://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acsami.9b02173', event);\">\n    Quantifying Reaction and Rate Heterogeneity in Battery Electrodes in 3D through Operando X-ray Diffraction Computed Tomography.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  <a class=\"bibbase author link\" href=\"http://chemiris.chem.binghamton.edu/LIU/pubs.html\">Liu, H.</a>; Kazemiabnavi, S.; Grenier, A.; Vaughan, G.; Di Michiel, M.; Polzin, B. J.; Thornton, K.; Chapman, K. W.;  and Chupas, P. J.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  <i>ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces</i>, 11(20): 18386–18394. May 2019.\n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acsami.9b02173\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('liu-kazemiabnavi-grenier-vaughan-dimichiel-polzin-thornton-chapman-etal-quantifyingreactionandrateheterogeneityinbatteryelectrodesin3dthroughoperandoxraydiffractioncomputedtomography-2019', 'http://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acsami.9b02173', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"Quantifying Reaction and Rate Heterogeneity in Battery Electrodes in 3D through Operando X-ray Diffraction Computed Tomography [link]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.9b02173\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('liu-kazemiabnavi-grenier-vaughan-dimichiel-polzin-thornton-chapman-etal-quantifyingreactionandrateheterogeneityinbatteryelectrodesin3dthroughoperandoxraydiffractioncomputedtomography-2019', 'http://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.9b02173', event.ctrlKey)\"\n     class=\"bibbase doi link\">\n    <span>doi</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/liu-kazemiabnavi-grenier-vaughan-dimichiel-polzin-thornton-chapman-etal-quantifyingreactionandrateheterogeneityinbatteryelectrodesin3dthroughoperandoxraydiffractioncomputedtomography-2019\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <span class=\"bibbase_stats_paper\" style=\"color: #777;\">\n    <span>1 download</span>\n  </span>\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('liu-kazemiabnavi-grenier-vaughan-dimichiel-polzin-thornton-chapman-etal-quantifyingreactionandrateheterogeneityinbatteryelectrodesin3dthroughoperandoxraydiffractioncomputedtomography-2019')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@article{liu_quantifying_2019,\n\ttitle = {Quantifying {Reaction} and {Rate} {Heterogeneity} in {Battery} {Electrodes} in {3D} through {Operando} {X}-ray {Diffraction} {Computed} {Tomography}},\n\tvolume = {11},\n\tcopyright = {All rights reserved},\n\tissn = {1944-8244},\n\turl = {http://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acsami.9b02173},\n\tdoi = {10.1021/acsami.9b02173},\n\tnumber = {20},\n\tjournal = {ACS Applied Materials \\&amp; Interfaces},\n\tauthor = {Liu, Hao and Kazemiabnavi, Saeed and Grenier, Antonin and Vaughan, Gavin and Di Michiel, Marco and Polzin, Bryant J. and Thornton, Katsuyo and Chapman, Karena W. and Chupas, Peter J.},\n\tmonth = may,\n\tyear = {2019},\n\tpages = {18386--18394},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"lebenshiggins-faenza-radin-liu-sallis-rana-vinckeviciute-reeves-etal-revisitingthechargecompensationmechanismsinlinitextrm08cotextrm02yaltextrmyotextrm2systems-2019\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"http://xlink.rsc.org/?DOI=C9MH00765B\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'lebenshiggins-faenza-radin-liu-sallis-rana-vinckeviciute-reeves-etal-revisitingthechargecompensationmechanismsinlinitextrm08cotextrm02yaltextrmyotextrm2systems-2019', 'http://xlink.rsc.org/?DOI=C9MH00765B', event);\">\n    Revisiting the charge compensation mechanisms in LiNi$_{\\textrm{0.8}}$Co$_{\\textrm{0.2−y}}$Al$_{\\textrm{y}}$O$_{\\textrm{2}}$ systems.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Lebens-Higgins, Z. W.; Faenza, N. V.; Radin, M. D.; <a class=\"bibbase author link\" href=\"http://chemiris.chem.binghamton.edu/LIU/pubs.html\">Liu, H.</a>; Sallis, S.; Rana, J.; Vinckeviciute, J.; Reeves, P. J.; Zuba, M. J.; Badway, F.; Pereira, N.; Chapman, K. W.; Lee, T.; Wu, T.; Grey, C. P.; Melot, B. C.; Van Der Ven, A.; Amatucci, G. G.; Yang, W.;  and Piper, L. F. J.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  <i>Materials Horizons</i>, 6(10): 2112–2123.  2019.\n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://xlink.rsc.org/?DOI=C9MH00765B\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('lebenshiggins-faenza-radin-liu-sallis-rana-vinckeviciute-reeves-etal-revisitingthechargecompensationmechanismsinlinitextrm08cotextrm02yaltextrmyotextrm2systems-2019', 'http://xlink.rsc.org/?DOI=C9MH00765B', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"Revisiting the charge compensation mechanisms in LiNi$_{\\textrm{0.8}}$Co$_{\\textrm{0.2−y}}$Al$_{\\textrm{y}}$O$_{\\textrm{2}}$ systems [link]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.org/10.1039/C9MH00765B\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('lebenshiggins-faenza-radin-liu-sallis-rana-vinckeviciute-reeves-etal-revisitingthechargecompensationmechanismsinlinitextrm08cotextrm02yaltextrmyotextrm2systems-2019', 'http://doi.org/10.1039/C9MH00765B', event.ctrlKey)\"\n     class=\"bibbase doi link\">\n    <span>doi</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/lebenshiggins-faenza-radin-liu-sallis-rana-vinckeviciute-reeves-etal-revisitingthechargecompensationmechanismsinlinitextrm08cotextrm02yaltextrmyotextrm2systems-2019\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('lebenshiggins-faenza-radin-liu-sallis-rana-vinckeviciute-reeves-etal-revisitingthechargecompensationmechanismsinlinitextrm08cotextrm02yaltextrmyotextrm2systems-2019')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@article{lebens-higgins_revisiting_2019,\n\ttitle = {Revisiting the charge compensation mechanisms in {LiNi}$_{\\textrm{0.8}}${Co}$_{\\textrm{0.2−y}}${Al}$_{\\textrm{y}}${O}$_{\\textrm{2}}$ systems},\n\tvolume = {6},\n\tcopyright = {All rights reserved},\n\tissn = {2051-6347},\n\turl = {http://xlink.rsc.org/?DOI=C9MH00765B},\n\tdoi = {10.1039/C9MH00765B},\n\tabstract = {The emergence of oxidized oxygen RIXS features at high voltages for Ni-rich layered oxide cathodes.},\n\tnumber = {10},\n\tjournal = {Materials Horizons},\n\tauthor = {Lebens-Higgins, Zachary W. and Faenza, Nicholas V. and Radin, Maxwell D. and Liu, Hao and Sallis, Shawn and Rana, Jatinkumar and Vinckeviciute, Julija and Reeves, Philip J. and Zuba, Mateusz J. and Badway, Fadwa and Pereira, Nathalie and Chapman, Karena W. and Lee, Tien-Lin and Wu, Tianpin and Grey, Clare P. and Melot, Brent C. and Van Der Ven, Anton and Amatucci, Glenn G. and Yang, Wanli and Piper, Louis F. J.},\n\tyear = {2019},\n\tpages = {2112--2123},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  The emergence of oxidized oxygen RIXS features at high voltages for Ni-rich layered oxide cathodes.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"tian-sun-hannah-xiao-liu-chapman-bo-ceder-reactivityguidedinterfacedesigninnametalsolidstatebatteries-2019\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joule.2018.12.019\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'tian-sun-hannah-xiao-liu-chapman-bo-ceder-reactivityguidedinterfacedesigninnametalsolidstatebatteries-2019', 'https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joule.2018.12.019', event);\">\n    Reactivity-Guided Interface Design in Na Metal Solid-State Batteries.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Tian, Y.; Sun, Y.; Hannah, D. C.; Xiao, Y.; <a class=\"bibbase author link\" href=\"http://chemiris.chem.binghamton.edu/LIU/pubs.html\">Liu, H.</a>; Chapman, K. W.; Bo, S. H.;  and Ceder, G.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  <i>Joule</i>, 0(0): 1–14. January 2019.\n  <span class=\"note\">Publisher: Elsevier Inc.</span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joule.2018.12.019\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('tian-sun-hannah-xiao-liu-chapman-bo-ceder-reactivityguidedinterfacedesigninnametalsolidstatebatteries-2019', 'https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joule.2018.12.019', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"Reactivity-Guided Interface Design in Na Metal Solid-State Batteries [link]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.org/10.1016/j.joule.2018.12.019\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('tian-sun-hannah-xiao-liu-chapman-bo-ceder-reactivityguidedinterfacedesigninnametalsolidstatebatteries-2019', 'http://doi.org/10.1016/j.joule.2018.12.019', event.ctrlKey)\"\n     class=\"bibbase doi link\">\n    <span>doi</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/tian-sun-hannah-xiao-liu-chapman-bo-ceder-reactivityguidedinterfacedesigninnametalsolidstatebatteries-2019\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('tian-sun-hannah-xiao-liu-chapman-bo-ceder-reactivityguidedinterfacedesigninnametalsolidstatebatteries-2019')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@article{tian_reactivity-guided_2019,\n\ttitle = {Reactivity-{Guided} {Interface} {Design} in {Na} {Metal} {Solid}-{State} {Batteries}},\n\tvolume = {0},\n\tcopyright = {All rights reserved},\n\tissn = {25424351},\n\turl = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joule.2018.12.019},\n\tdoi = {10.1016/j.joule.2018.12.019},\n\tabstract = {Summary Solid-state batteries provide substantially increased safety and improved energy density when energy-dense alkali metal anodes are applied. However, most solid-state electrolytes react with alkali metals, causing a continuous increase of the cell impedance. Here, we employ a reactivity-driven strategy to improve the interfacial stability between a Na3SbS4 solid-state electrolyte and sodium metal. First-principles calculations identify a protective hydrate coating for Na3SbS4 that leads to the generation of passivating decomposition products upon contact of the electrolyte with sodium metal. The formation of this protective coating, a newly discovered hydrated phase, is achieved experimentally through exposure of Na3SbS4 to air. The buried interface is characterized using post-operando synchrotron X-ray depth profiling, providing spatially resolved evidence of the multilayered phase distribution in the Na metal symmetric cell consistent with theoretical predictions. We identify hydrates as promising for improving the metal/electrolyte interfacial stability in solid-state batteries and suggest a general strategy of interface design for this purpose.},\n\tnumber = {0},\n\tjournal = {Joule},\n\tauthor = {Tian, Yaosen and Sun, Yingzhi and Hannah, Daniel C. and Xiao, Yihan and Liu, Hao and Chapman, Karena W. and Bo, Shou-Hang Hang and Ceder, Gerbrand},\n\tmonth = jan,\n\tyear = {2019},\n\tnote = {Publisher: Elsevier Inc.},\n\tpages = {1--14},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  Summary Solid-state batteries provide substantially increased safety and improved energy density when energy-dense alkali metal anodes are applied. However, most solid-state electrolytes react with alkali metals, causing a continuous increase of the cell impedance. Here, we employ a reactivity-driven strategy to improve the interfacial stability between a Na3SbS4 solid-state electrolyte and sodium metal. First-principles calculations identify a protective hydrate coating for Na3SbS4 that leads to the generation of passivating decomposition products upon contact of the electrolyte with sodium metal. The formation of this protective coating, a newly discovered hydrated phase, is achieved experimentally through exposure of Na3SbS4 to air. The buried interface is characterized using post-operando synchrotron X-ray depth profiling, providing spatially resolved evidence of the multilayered phase distribution in the Na metal symmetric cell consistent with theoretical predictions. We identify hydrates as promising for improving the metal/electrolyte interfacial stability in solid-state batteries and suggest a general strategy of interface design for this purpose.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n\n\n\n    </div>\n  </div>\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_group_whole\" id=\"group_2018\">\n    <div class=\"bibbase_group\"\n      onclick=\"toggleGroup('group_2018')\"\n      onkeypress=\"toggleGroup('group_2018')\"\n      tabindex=\"0\">\n      <i class=\"fa fa-angle-down bibbase_group_head_icon\"></i>&nbsp;\n      <span>2018</span>\n      <span class=\"bibbase_group_count\">\n        \n        (2)\n        \n      </span>\n    </div>\n    <div class=\"bibbase_group_body\">\n      \n  \n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"liu-liu-seymour-chernova-wiaderek-trease-hy-chen-etal-identifyingthechemicalandstructuralirreversibilityinlini08co015al005o2amodelcompoundforclassicallayeredintercalation-2018\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"http://xlink.rsc.org/?DOI=C7TA10829J\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'liu-liu-seymour-chernova-wiaderek-trease-hy-chen-etal-identifyingthechemicalandstructuralirreversibilityinlini08co015al005o2amodelcompoundforclassicallayeredintercalation-2018', 'http://xlink.rsc.org/?DOI=C7TA10829J', event);\">\n    Identifying the chemical and structural irreversibility in LiNi 0.8 Co 0.15 Al 0.05 O 2 – a model compound for classical layered intercalation.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  <a class=\"bibbase author link\" href=\"http://chemiris.chem.binghamton.edu/LIU/pubs.html\">Liu, H.</a>; <a class=\"bibbase author link\" href=\"http://chemiris.chem.binghamton.edu/LIU/pubs.html\">Liu, H.</a>; Seymour, I. D; Chernova, N.; Wiaderek, K. M; Trease, N. M; Hy, S.; Chen, Y.; An, K.; Zhang, M.; Borkiewicz, O. J; Lapidus, S. H; Qiu, B.; Xia, Y.; Liu, Z.; Chupas, P. J; Chapman, K. W; Whittingham, M S.; Grey, C. P;  and Meng, Y. S.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  <i>Journal of Materials Chemistry A</i>, 6(9): 4189–4198.  2018.\n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://xlink.rsc.org/?DOI=C7TA10829J\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('liu-liu-seymour-chernova-wiaderek-trease-hy-chen-etal-identifyingthechemicalandstructuralirreversibilityinlini08co015al005o2amodelcompoundforclassicallayeredintercalation-2018', 'http://xlink.rsc.org/?DOI=C7TA10829J', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"Identifying the chemical and structural irreversibility in LiNi 0.8 Co 0.15 Al 0.05 O 2 – a model compound for classical layered intercalation [link]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.org/10.1039/C7TA10829J\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('liu-liu-seymour-chernova-wiaderek-trease-hy-chen-etal-identifyingthechemicalandstructuralirreversibilityinlini08co015al005o2amodelcompoundforclassicallayeredintercalation-2018', 'http://doi.org/10.1039/C7TA10829J', event.ctrlKey)\"\n     class=\"bibbase doi link\">\n    <span>doi</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/liu-liu-seymour-chernova-wiaderek-trease-hy-chen-etal-identifyingthechemicalandstructuralirreversibilityinlini08co015al005o2amodelcompoundforclassicallayeredintercalation-2018\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('liu-liu-seymour-chernova-wiaderek-trease-hy-chen-etal-identifyingthechemicalandstructuralirreversibilityinlini08co015al005o2amodelcompoundforclassicallayeredintercalation-2018')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@article{liu_identifying_2018,\n\ttitle = {Identifying the chemical and structural irreversibility in {LiNi} 0.8 {Co} 0.15 {Al} 0.05 {O} 2 – a model compound for classical layered intercalation},\n\tvolume = {6},\n\tcopyright = {All rights reserved},\n\tissn = {2050-7488},\n\turl = {http://xlink.rsc.org/?DOI=C7TA10829J},\n\tdoi = {10.1039/C7TA10829J},\n\tabstract = {Anisotropic disorder along the c -axis results from static disorder.},\n\tnumber = {9},\n\turldate = {2018-02-12},\n\tjournal = {Journal of Materials Chemistry A},\n\tauthor = {Liu, Haodong and Liu, Hao and Seymour, Ieuan D and Chernova, Natasha and Wiaderek, Kamila M and Trease, Nicole M and Hy, Sunny and Chen, Yan and An, Ke and Zhang, Minghao and Borkiewicz, Olaf J and Lapidus, Saul H and Qiu, Bao and Xia, Yonggao and Liu, Zhaoping and Chupas, Peter J and Chapman, Karena W and Whittingham, M Stanley and Grey, Clare P and Meng, Ying Shirley},\n\tyear = {2018},\n\tpages = {4189--4198},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  Anisotropic disorder along the c -axis results from static disorder.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"zhang-yu-wu-liu-abdellahi-qiu-bai-orvananos-etal-localizedconcentrationreversaloflithiumduringintercalationintonanoparticles-2018\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"http://advances.sciencemag.org/lookup/doi/10.1126/sciadv.aao2608\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'zhang-yu-wu-liu-abdellahi-qiu-bai-orvananos-etal-localizedconcentrationreversaloflithiumduringintercalationintonanoparticles-2018', 'http://advances.sciencemag.org/lookup/doi/10.1126/sciadv.aao2608', event);\">\n    Localized concentration reversal of lithium during intercalation into nanoparticles.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Zhang, W.; Yu, H.; Wu, L.; <a class=\"bibbase author link\" href=\"http://chemiris.chem.binghamton.edu/LIU/pubs.html\">Liu, H.</a>; Abdellahi, A.; Qiu, B.; Bai, J.; Orvananos, B.; Strobridge, F. C.; Zhou, X.; Liu, Z.; Ceder, G.; Zhu, Y.; Thornton, K.; Grey, C. P.;  and Wang, F.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  <i>Science Advances</i>, 4(1): eaao2608.  2018.\n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://advances.sciencemag.org/lookup/doi/10.1126/sciadv.aao2608\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('zhang-yu-wu-liu-abdellahi-qiu-bai-orvananos-etal-localizedconcentrationreversaloflithiumduringintercalationintonanoparticles-2018', 'http://advances.sciencemag.org/lookup/doi/10.1126/sciadv.aao2608', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"Localized concentration reversal of lithium during intercalation into nanoparticles [link]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aao2608\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('zhang-yu-wu-liu-abdellahi-qiu-bai-orvananos-etal-localizedconcentrationreversaloflithiumduringintercalationintonanoparticles-2018', 'http://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aao2608', event.ctrlKey)\"\n     class=\"bibbase doi link\">\n    <span>doi</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/zhang-yu-wu-liu-abdellahi-qiu-bai-orvananos-etal-localizedconcentrationreversaloflithiumduringintercalationintonanoparticles-2018\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('zhang-yu-wu-liu-abdellahi-qiu-bai-orvananos-etal-localizedconcentrationreversaloflithiumduringintercalationintonanoparticles-2018')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@article{zhang_localized_2018,\n\ttitle = {Localized concentration reversal of lithium during intercalation into nanoparticles},\n\tvolume = {4},\n\tcopyright = {All rights reserved},\n\tissn = {2375-2548},\n\turl = {http://advances.sciencemag.org/lookup/doi/10.1126/sciadv.aao2608},\n\tdoi = {10.1126/sciadv.aao2608},\n\tabstract = {Nanoparticulate electrodes, such as Li x FePO4, have unique advantages over their microparticulate counterparts for the applications in Li-ion batteries because of the shortened diffusion path and access to nonequilibrium routes for fast Li incorporation, thus radically boosting power density of the electrodes. However, how Li intercalation occurs locally in a single nanoparticle of such materials remains unresolved because real-time observation at such a fine scale is still lacking. We report visualization of local Li intercalation via solid-solution transformation in individual Li x FePO4 nanoparticles, enabled by probing sub-angstrom changes in the lattice spacing in situ. The real-time observation reveals inhomogeneous intercalation, accompanied with an unexpected reversal of Li concentration at the nanometer scale. The origin of the reversal phenomenon is elucidated through phase-field simulations, and it is attributed to the presence of structurally different regions that have distinct chemical potential functions. The findings from this study provide a new perspective on the local intercalation dynamics in battery electrodes.},\n\tnumber = {1},\n\tjournal = {Science Advances},\n\tauthor = {Zhang, Wei and Yu, Hui-Chia and Wu, Lijun and Liu, Hao and Abdellahi, Aziz and Qiu, Bao and Bai, Jianming and Orvananos, Bernardo and Strobridge, Fiona C. and Zhou, Xufeng and Liu, Zhaoping and Ceder, Gerbrand and Zhu, Yimei and Thornton, Katsuyo and Grey, Clare P. and Wang, Feng},\n\tyear = {2018},\n\tpages = {eaao2608},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  Nanoparticulate electrodes, such as Li x FePO4, have unique advantages over their microparticulate counterparts for the applications in Li-ion batteries because of the shortened diffusion path and access to nonequilibrium routes for fast Li incorporation, thus radically boosting power density of the electrodes. However, how Li intercalation occurs locally in a single nanoparticle of such materials remains unresolved because real-time observation at such a fine scale is still lacking. We report visualization of local Li intercalation via solid-solution transformation in individual Li x FePO4 nanoparticles, enabled by probing sub-angstrom changes in the lattice spacing in situ. The real-time observation reveals inhomogeneous intercalation, accompanied with an unexpected reversal of Li concentration at the nanometer scale. The origin of the reversal phenomenon is elucidated through phase-field simulations, and it is attributed to the presence of structurally different regions that have distinct chemical potential functions. The findings from this study provide a new perspective on the local intercalation dynamics in battery electrodes.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n\n\n\n    </div>\n  </div>\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_group_whole\" id=\"group_2017\">\n    <div class=\"bibbase_group\"\n      onclick=\"toggleGroup('group_2017')\"\n      onkeypress=\"toggleGroup('group_2017')\"\n      tabindex=\"0\">\n      <i class=\"fa fa-angle-down bibbase_group_head_icon\"></i>&nbsp;\n      <span>2017</span>\n      <span class=\"bibbase_group_count\">\n        \n        (4)\n        \n      </span>\n    </div>\n    <div class=\"bibbase_group_body\">\n      \n  \n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"grenier-liu-wiaderek-lebenshiggins-borkiewicz-piper-chupas-chapman-reactionheterogeneityinlinitextrm08cotextrm015altextrm005otextrm2inducedbysurfacelayer-2017\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  Reaction Heterogeneity in LiNi$_{\\textrm{0.8}}$Co$_{\\textrm{0.15}}$Al$_{\\textrm{0.05}}$O$_{\\textrm{2}}$ Induced by Surface Layer.\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Grenier, A.; <a class=\"bibbase author link\" href=\"http://chemiris.chem.binghamton.edu/LIU/pubs.html\">Liu, H.</a>; Wiaderek, K.; Lebens-Higgins, Z.; Borkiewicz, O.; Piper, L.; Chupas, P.;  and Chapman, K.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  <i>Chemistry of Materials</i>, 29(17): 7345 – 7352. August 2017.\n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemmater.7b02236\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('grenier-liu-wiaderek-lebenshiggins-borkiewicz-piper-chupas-chapman-reactionheterogeneityinlinitextrm08cotextrm015altextrm005otextrm2inducedbysurfacelayer-2017', 'http://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemmater.7b02236', event.ctrlKey)\"\n     class=\"bibbase doi link\">\n    <span>doi</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/grenier-liu-wiaderek-lebenshiggins-borkiewicz-piper-chupas-chapman-reactionheterogeneityinlinitextrm08cotextrm015altextrm005otextrm2inducedbysurfacelayer-2017\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('grenier-liu-wiaderek-lebenshiggins-borkiewicz-piper-chupas-chapman-reactionheterogeneityinlinitextrm08cotextrm015altextrm005otextrm2inducedbysurfacelayer-2017')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@article{grenier_reaction_2017,\n\ttitle = {Reaction {Heterogeneity} in {LiNi}$_{\\textrm{0.8}}${Co}$_{\\textrm{0.15}}${Al}$_{\\textrm{0.05}}${O}$_{\\textrm{2}}$ {Induced} by {Surface} {Layer}},\n\tvolume = {29},\n\tcopyright = {All rights reserved},\n\tissn = {0897-4756},\n\tdoi = {10.1021/acs.chemmater.7b02236},\n\tabstract = {Through operando synchrotron powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis of layered transition metal oxide electrodes of composition LiNi$_{\\textrm{0.8}}$Co$_{\\textrm{0.15}}$Al$_{\\textrm{0.05}}$O$_{\\textrm{2}}$ (NCA), we decouple the intrinsic bulk reaction mechanism from surface-induced effects. For identically prepared and cycled electrodes stored in different environments, we demonstrate that the intrinsic bulk reaction for pristine NCA follows solid-solution mechanism, not a two-phase as suggested previously. By combining high resolution powder X-ray diffraction, diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (DRIFTS) and surface sensitive X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), we demonstrate that adventitious Li$_{\\textrm{2}}$CO$_{\\textrm{3}}$ forms on the electrode particle surface during exposure to air, through reaction with atmospheric CO2. This surface impedes ionic and electronic transport to the underlying electrode, with progressive erosion of this layer during cycling giving rise to different reaction states in particles with an intact vs an eroded Li$_{\\textrm{2}}$CO$_{\\textrm{3}}$ surface-coating. This reaction heterogeneity, with a bimodal distribution of reaction states, has previously been interpreted as a “two-phase” reaction mechanism for NCA, as an activation step that only occurs during the first cycle. Similar surface layers may impact the reaction mechanism observed in other electrode materials using bulk probes such as operando powder XRD.},\n\tnumber = {17},\n\tjournal = {Chemistry of Materials},\n\tauthor = {Grenier, Antonin and Liu, Hao and Wiaderek, Kamila and Lebens-Higgins, Zachary and Borkiewicz, Olaf and Piper, Louis and Chupas, Peter and Chapman, Karena},\n\tmonth = aug,\n\tyear = {2017},\n\tpages = {7345 -- 7352},\n}\n\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  Through operando synchrotron powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis of layered transition metal oxide electrodes of composition LiNi$_{\\textrm{0.8}}$Co$_{\\textrm{0.15}}$Al$_{\\textrm{0.05}}$O$_{\\textrm{2}}$ (NCA), we decouple the intrinsic bulk reaction mechanism from surface-induced effects. For identically prepared and cycled electrodes stored in different environments, we demonstrate that the intrinsic bulk reaction for pristine NCA follows solid-solution mechanism, not a two-phase as suggested previously. By combining high resolution powder X-ray diffraction, diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (DRIFTS) and surface sensitive X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), we demonstrate that adventitious Li$_{\\textrm{2}}$CO$_{\\textrm{3}}$ forms on the electrode particle surface during exposure to air, through reaction with atmospheric CO2. This surface impedes ionic and electronic transport to the underlying electrode, with progressive erosion of this layer during cycling giving rise to different reaction states in particles with an intact vs an eroded Li$_{\\textrm{2}}$CO$_{\\textrm{3}}$ surface-coating. This reaction heterogeneity, with a bimodal distribution of reaction states, has previously been interpreted as a “two-phase” reaction mechanism for NCA, as an activation step that only occurs during the first cycle. Similar surface layers may impact the reaction mechanism observed in other electrode materials using bulk probes such as operando powder XRD.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"liu-wolf-karki-yu-stach-cabana-chapman-chupas-intergranularcrackingasamajorcauseoflongtermcapacityfadingoflayeredcathodes-2017\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/acs.nanolett.7b00379\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'liu-wolf-karki-yu-stach-cabana-chapman-chupas-intergranularcrackingasamajorcauseoflongtermcapacityfadingoflayeredcathodes-2017', 'http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/acs.nanolett.7b00379', event);\">\n    Intergranular Cracking as a Major Cause of Long-Term Capacity Fading of Layered Cathodes.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  <a class=\"bibbase author link\" href=\"http://chemiris.chem.binghamton.edu/LIU/pubs.html\">Liu, H.</a>; Wolf, M.; Karki, K.; Yu, Y.; Stach, E. A; Cabana, J.; Chapman, K. W;  and Chupas, P. J\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  <i>Nano Letters</i>, 17(6): 3452–3457. June 2017.\n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/acs.nanolett.7b00379\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('liu-wolf-karki-yu-stach-cabana-chapman-chupas-intergranularcrackingasamajorcauseoflongtermcapacityfadingoflayeredcathodes-2017', 'http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/acs.nanolett.7b00379', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"Intergranular Cracking as a Major Cause of Long-Term Capacity Fading of Layered Cathodes [link]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.org/10.1021/acs.nanolett.7b00379\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('liu-wolf-karki-yu-stach-cabana-chapman-chupas-intergranularcrackingasamajorcauseoflongtermcapacityfadingoflayeredcathodes-2017', 'http://doi.org/10.1021/acs.nanolett.7b00379', event.ctrlKey)\"\n     class=\"bibbase doi link\">\n    <span>doi</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/liu-wolf-karki-yu-stach-cabana-chapman-chupas-intergranularcrackingasamajorcauseoflongtermcapacityfadingoflayeredcathodes-2017\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('liu-wolf-karki-yu-stach-cabana-chapman-chupas-intergranularcrackingasamajorcauseoflongtermcapacityfadingoflayeredcathodes-2017')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@article{liu_intergranular_2017,\n\ttitle = {Intergranular {Cracking} as a {Major} {Cause} of {Long}-{Term} {Capacity} {Fading} of {Layered} {Cathodes}},\n\tvolume = {17},\n\tcopyright = {All rights reserved},\n\tissn = {1530-6984},\n\turl = {http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/acs.nanolett.7b00379},\n\tdoi = {10.1021/acs.nanolett.7b00379},\n\tnumber = {6},\n\tjournal = {Nano Letters},\n\tauthor = {Liu, Hao and Wolf, Mark and Karki, Khim and Yu, Young-sang and Stach, Eric A and Cabana, Jordi and Chapman, Karena W and Chupas, Peter J},\n\tmonth = jun,\n\tyear = {2017},\n\tpages = {3452--3457},\n}\n\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"liu-choe-enrique-orvaanos-zhou-liu-thornton-grey-effectsofantisitedefectsonlidiffusioninlifepotextrm4revealedbyliisotopeexchange-2017\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/acs.jpcc.7b02819\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'liu-choe-enrique-orvaanos-zhou-liu-thornton-grey-effectsofantisitedefectsonlidiffusioninlifepotextrm4revealedbyliisotopeexchange-2017', 'http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/acs.jpcc.7b02819', event);\">\n    Effects of Antisite Defects on Li Diffusion in LiFePO$_{\\textrm{4}}$ Revealed by Li Isotope Exchange.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  <a class=\"bibbase author link\" href=\"http://chemiris.chem.binghamton.edu/LIU/pubs.html\">Liu, H.</a>; Choe, M.; Enrique, R. A.; Orvañanos, B.; Zhou, L.; Liu, T.; Thornton, K.;  and Grey, C. P.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  <i>The Journal of Physical Chemistry C</i>, 121(22): 12025–12036. June 2017.\n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/acs.jpcc.7b02819\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('liu-choe-enrique-orvaanos-zhou-liu-thornton-grey-effectsofantisitedefectsonlidiffusioninlifepotextrm4revealedbyliisotopeexchange-2017', 'http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/acs.jpcc.7b02819', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"Effects of Antisite Defects on Li Diffusion in LiFePO$_{\\textrm{4}}$ Revealed by Li Isotope Exchange [link]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpcc.7b02819\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('liu-choe-enrique-orvaanos-zhou-liu-thornton-grey-effectsofantisitedefectsonlidiffusioninlifepotextrm4revealedbyliisotopeexchange-2017', 'http://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpcc.7b02819', event.ctrlKey)\"\n     class=\"bibbase doi link\">\n    <span>doi</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/liu-choe-enrique-orvaanos-zhou-liu-thornton-grey-effectsofantisitedefectsonlidiffusioninlifepotextrm4revealedbyliisotopeexchange-2017\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('liu-choe-enrique-orvaanos-zhou-liu-thornton-grey-effectsofantisitedefectsonlidiffusioninlifepotextrm4revealedbyliisotopeexchange-2017')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@article{liu_effects_2017,\n\ttitle = {Effects of {Antisite} {Defects} on {Li} {Diffusion} in {LiFePO}$_{\\textrm{4}}$ {Revealed} by {Li} {Isotope} {Exchange}},\n\tvolume = {121},\n\tcopyright = {All rights reserved},\n\tissn = {1932-7447},\n\turl = {http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/acs.jpcc.7b02819},\n\tdoi = {10.1021/acs.jpcc.7b02819},\n\tnumber = {22},\n\tjournal = {The Journal of Physical Chemistry C},\n\tauthor = {Liu, Hao and Choe, Min-Ju and Enrique, Raul A. and Orvañanos, Bernardo and Zhou, Lina and Liu, Tao and Thornton, Katsuyo and Grey, Clare P.},\n\tmonth = jun,\n\tyear = {2017},\n\tpages = {12025--12036},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"liu-liu-lapidus-meng-chupas-chapman-sensitivityandlimitationsofstructuresfromxrayandneutronbaseddiffractionanalysesoftransitionmetaloxidelithiumbatteryelectrodes-2017\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"http://jes.ecsdl.org/content/164/9/A1802.abstract\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'liu-liu-lapidus-meng-chupas-chapman-sensitivityandlimitationsofstructuresfromxrayandneutronbaseddiffractionanalysesoftransitionmetaloxidelithiumbatteryelectrodes-2017', 'http://jes.ecsdl.org/content/164/9/A1802.abstract', event);\">\n    Sensitivity and Limitations of Structures from X-ray and Neutron-Based Diffraction Analyses of Transition Metal Oxide Lithium-Battery Electrodes.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  <a class=\"bibbase author link\" href=\"http://chemiris.chem.binghamton.edu/LIU/pubs.html\">Liu, H.</a>; <a class=\"bibbase author link\" href=\"http://chemiris.chem.binghamton.edu/LIU/pubs.html\">Liu, H.</a>; Lapidus, S. H; Meng, Y S.; Chupas, P. J;  and Chapman, K. W\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  <i>Journal of The Electrochemical Society</i>, 164(9): A1802–A1811. June 2017.\n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://jes.ecsdl.org/content/164/9/A1802.abstract\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('liu-liu-lapidus-meng-chupas-chapman-sensitivityandlimitationsofstructuresfromxrayandneutronbaseddiffractionanalysesoftransitionmetaloxidelithiumbatteryelectrodes-2017', 'http://jes.ecsdl.org/content/164/9/A1802.abstract', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"Sensitivity and Limitations of Structures from X-ray and Neutron-Based Diffraction Analyses of Transition Metal Oxide Lithium-Battery Electrodes [link]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.org/10.1149/2.0271709jes\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('liu-liu-lapidus-meng-chupas-chapman-sensitivityandlimitationsofstructuresfromxrayandneutronbaseddiffractionanalysesoftransitionmetaloxidelithiumbatteryelectrodes-2017', 'http://doi.org/10.1149/2.0271709jes', event.ctrlKey)\"\n     class=\"bibbase doi link\">\n    <span>doi</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/liu-liu-lapidus-meng-chupas-chapman-sensitivityandlimitationsofstructuresfromxrayandneutronbaseddiffractionanalysesoftransitionmetaloxidelithiumbatteryelectrodes-2017\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <span class=\"bibbase_stats_paper\" style=\"color: #777;\">\n    <span>1 download</span>\n  </span>\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('liu-liu-lapidus-meng-chupas-chapman-sensitivityandlimitationsofstructuresfromxrayandneutronbaseddiffractionanalysesoftransitionmetaloxidelithiumbatteryelectrodes-2017')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@article{liu_sensitivity_2017,\n\ttitle = {Sensitivity and {Limitations} of {Structures} from {X}-ray and {Neutron}-{Based} {Diffraction} {Analyses} of {Transition} {Metal} {Oxide} {Lithium}-{Battery} {Electrodes}},\n\tvolume = {164},\n\tcopyright = {All rights reserved},\n\tissn = {0013-4651},\n\turl = {http://jes.ecsdl.org/content/164/9/A1802.abstract},\n\tdoi = {10.1149/2.0271709jes},\n\tabstract = {Lithium transition metal oxides are an important class of electrode materials for lithium-ion batteries. Binary or ternary (transition) metal doping brings about new opportunities to improve the electrode&#x27;s performance and often leads to more complex stoichiometries and atomic structures than the archetypal LiCoO2. Rietveld structural analyses of X-ray and neutron diffraction data is a widely-used approach for structural characterization of crystalline materials. However, different structural models and refinement approaches can lead to differing results, and some parameters can be difficult to quantify due to the inherent limitations of the data. Here, through the example of LiNi0.8Co0.15Al0.05O2 (NCA), we demonstrated the sensitivity of various structural parameters in Rietveld structural analysis to different refinement approaches and structural models, and proposed an approach to reduce refinement uncertainties due to the inexact X-ray scattering factors of the constituent atoms within the lattice. This refinement approach was implemented for electrochemically-cycled NCA samples and yielded accurate structural parameters using only X-ray diffraction data. The present work provides the best practices for performing structural refinement of lithium transition metal oxides.},\n\tnumber = {9},\n\tjournal = {Journal of The Electrochemical Society},\n\tauthor = {Liu, Hao and Liu, Haodong and Lapidus, Saul H and Meng, Y Shirley and Chupas, Peter J and Chapman, Karena W},\n\tmonth = jun,\n\tyear = {2017},\n\tpages = {A1802--A1811},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  Lithium transition metal oxides are an important class of electrode materials for lithium-ion batteries. Binary or ternary (transition) metal doping brings about new opportunities to improve the electrode's performance and often leads to more complex stoichiometries and atomic structures than the archetypal LiCoO2. Rietveld structural analyses of X-ray and neutron diffraction data is a widely-used approach for structural characterization of crystalline materials. However, different structural models and refinement approaches can lead to differing results, and some parameters can be difficult to quantify due to the inherent limitations of the data. Here, through the example of LiNi0.8Co0.15Al0.05O2 (NCA), we demonstrated the sensitivity of various structural parameters in Rietveld structural analysis to different refinement approaches and structural models, and proposed an approach to reduce refinement uncertainties due to the inexact X-ray scattering factors of the constituent atoms within the lattice. This refinement approach was implemented for electrochemically-cycled NCA samples and yielded accurate structural parameters using only X-ray diffraction data. The present work provides the best practices for performing structural refinement of lithium transition metal oxides.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n\n\n\n    </div>\n  </div>\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_group_whole\" id=\"group_2016\">\n    <div class=\"bibbase_group\"\n      onclick=\"toggleGroup('group_2016')\"\n      onkeypress=\"toggleGroup('group_2016')\"\n      tabindex=\"0\">\n      <i class=\"fa fa-angle-down bibbase_group_head_icon\"></i>&nbsp;\n      <span>2016</span>\n      <span class=\"bibbase_group_count\">\n        \n        (6)\n        \n      </span>\n    </div>\n    <div class=\"bibbase_group_body\">\n      \n  \n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"trease-seymour-radin-liu-liu-hy-chernova-parikh-etal-identifyingthedistributionofaltextrm3inlinitextrm08cotextrm015altextrm005otextrm2-2016\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  Identifying the Distribution of Al$^{\\textrm{3+}}$ in LiNi$_{\\textrm{0.8}}$Co$_{\\textrm{0.15}}$Al$_{\\textrm{0.05}}$O$_{\\textrm{2}}$.\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Trease, N.; Seymour, I.; Radin, M.; <a class=\"bibbase author link\" href=\"http://chemiris.chem.binghamton.edu/LIU/pubs.html\">Liu, H.</a>; <a class=\"bibbase author link\" href=\"http://chemiris.chem.binghamton.edu/LIU/pubs.html\">Liu, H.</a>; Hy, S.; Chernova, N.; Parikh, P.; Devaraj, A.; Wiaderek, K.; Chupas, P.; Chapman, K.; Whittingham, M. S.; Meng, Y. S.; Van der Ven, A.;  and Grey, C.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  <i>Chemistry of Materials</i>, 28(22): 8170 – 8180. October 2016.\n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemmater.6b02797\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('trease-seymour-radin-liu-liu-hy-chernova-parikh-etal-identifyingthedistributionofaltextrm3inlinitextrm08cotextrm015altextrm005otextrm2-2016', 'http://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemmater.6b02797', event.ctrlKey)\"\n     class=\"bibbase doi link\">\n    <span>doi</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/trease-seymour-radin-liu-liu-hy-chernova-parikh-etal-identifyingthedistributionofaltextrm3inlinitextrm08cotextrm015altextrm005otextrm2-2016\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('trease-seymour-radin-liu-liu-hy-chernova-parikh-etal-identifyingthedistributionofaltextrm3inlinitextrm08cotextrm015altextrm005otextrm2-2016')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@article{trease_identifying_2016,\n\ttitle = {Identifying the {Distribution} of {Al}$^{\\textrm{3+}}$ in {LiNi}$_{\\textrm{0.8}}${Co}$_{\\textrm{0.15}}${Al}$_{\\textrm{0.05}}${O}$_{\\textrm{2}}$},\n\tvolume = {28},\n\tcopyright = {All rights reserved},\n\tissn = {0897-4756},\n\tdoi = {10.1021/acs.chemmater.6b02797},\n\tabstract = {The doping of Al into layered Li transition metal (TM) oxide cathode materials, LiTMO$_{\\textrm{2}}$, is known to improve the structural and thermal stability, although the origin of the enhanced properties is not well understood. The effect of aluminum doping on layer stabilization has been investigated using a combination of techniques to measure the aluminum distribution in layered LiNi$_{\\textrm{0.8}}$Co$_{\\textrm{0.15}}$Al$_{\\textrm{0.05}}$O$_{\\textrm{2}}$ (NCA) over multiple length scales with $^{\\textrm{27}}$Al and $^{\\textrm{7}}$Li MAS NMR, local electrode atom probe (APT) tomography, X-ray and neutron diffraction, DFT, and SQUID magnetic susceptibility measurements. APT ion maps show a homogenous distribution of Ni, Co, Al and O$_{\\textrm{2}}$ throughout the structure at the single particle level in agreement with the high-temperature phase diagram. $^{\\textrm{7}}$Li and $^{\\textrm{27}}$Al NMR indicates that the Ni3+ ions undergo a dynamic Jahn-Teller (JT) distortion. $^{\\textrm{27}}$Al NMR spectra indicate that the Al reduces the strain associated with the JT distortion, by preferential electronic ordering of the JT long bonds directed toward the Al$^{\\textrm{3+}}$ ion. The ability to understand the complex atomic and orbital ordering around Al$^{\\textrm{3+}}$ demonstrated in the current method will be useful for studying the local environment of Al$^{\\textrm{3+}}$ in a range of transition metal oxide battery materials.},\n\tnumber = {22},\n\tjournal = {Chemistry of Materials},\n\tauthor = {Trease, Nicole and Seymour, Ieuan and Radin, Maxwell and Liu, Haodong and Liu, Hao and Hy, Sunny and Chernova, Natasha and Parikh, Pritesh and Devaraj, Arun and Wiaderek, Kamila and Chupas, Peter and Chapman, Karena and Whittingham, M. Stanley and Meng, Ying Shirley and Van der Ven, Anton and Grey, Clare},\n\tmonth = oct,\n\tyear = {2016},\n\tpages = {8170 -- 8180},\n}\n\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  The doping of Al into layered Li transition metal (TM) oxide cathode materials, LiTMO$_{\\textrm{2}}$, is known to improve the structural and thermal stability, although the origin of the enhanced properties is not well understood. The effect of aluminum doping on layer stabilization has been investigated using a combination of techniques to measure the aluminum distribution in layered LiNi$_{\\textrm{0.8}}$Co$_{\\textrm{0.15}}$Al$_{\\textrm{0.05}}$O$_{\\textrm{2}}$ (NCA) over multiple length scales with $^{\\textrm{27}}$Al and $^{\\textrm{7}}$Li MAS NMR, local electrode atom probe (APT) tomography, X-ray and neutron diffraction, DFT, and SQUID magnetic susceptibility measurements. APT ion maps show a homogenous distribution of Ni, Co, Al and O$_{\\textrm{2}}$ throughout the structure at the single particle level in agreement with the high-temperature phase diagram. $^{\\textrm{7}}$Li and $^{\\textrm{27}}$Al NMR indicates that the Ni3+ ions undergo a dynamic Jahn-Teller (JT) distortion. $^{\\textrm{27}}$Al NMR spectra indicate that the Al reduces the strain associated with the JT distortion, by preferential electronic ordering of the JT long bonds directed toward the Al$^{\\textrm{3+}}$ ion. The ability to understand the complex atomic and orbital ordering around Al$^{\\textrm{3+}}$ demonstrated in the current method will be useful for studying the local environment of Al$^{\\textrm{3+}}$ in a range of transition metal oxide battery materials.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"lin-wen-wiaderek-sallis-liu-lapidus-borkiewicz-quackenbush-etal-thermodynamicskineticsandstructuralevolutionoflivopo4overmultiplelithiumintercalation-2016\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/acs.chemmater.5b04880\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'lin-wen-wiaderek-sallis-liu-lapidus-borkiewicz-quackenbush-etal-thermodynamicskineticsandstructuralevolutionoflivopo4overmultiplelithiumintercalation-2016', 'http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/acs.chemmater.5b04880', event);\">\n    Thermodynamics, Kinetics and Structural Evolution of ε-LiVOPO 4 over Multiple Lithium Intercalation.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Lin, Y.; Wen, B.; Wiaderek, K. M.; Sallis, S.; <a class=\"bibbase author link\" href=\"http://chemiris.chem.binghamton.edu/LIU/pubs.html\">Liu, H.</a>; Lapidus, S. H.; Borkiewicz, O. J.; Quackenbush, N. F.; Chernova, N. A.; Karki, K.; Omenya, F.; Chupas, P. J.; Piper, L. F. J.; Whittingham, M. S.; Chapman, K. W.;  and Ong, S. P.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  <i>Chemistry of Materials</i>, 28(6): 1794–1805. March 2016.\n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/acs.chemmater.5b04880\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('lin-wen-wiaderek-sallis-liu-lapidus-borkiewicz-quackenbush-etal-thermodynamicskineticsandstructuralevolutionoflivopo4overmultiplelithiumintercalation-2016', 'http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/acs.chemmater.5b04880', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"Thermodynamics, Kinetics and Structural Evolution of ε-LiVOPO 4 over Multiple Lithium Intercalation [link]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemmater.5b04880\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('lin-wen-wiaderek-sallis-liu-lapidus-borkiewicz-quackenbush-etal-thermodynamicskineticsandstructuralevolutionoflivopo4overmultiplelithiumintercalation-2016', 'http://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemmater.5b04880', event.ctrlKey)\"\n     class=\"bibbase doi link\">\n    <span>doi</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/lin-wen-wiaderek-sallis-liu-lapidus-borkiewicz-quackenbush-etal-thermodynamicskineticsandstructuralevolutionoflivopo4overmultiplelithiumintercalation-2016\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('lin-wen-wiaderek-sallis-liu-lapidus-borkiewicz-quackenbush-etal-thermodynamicskineticsandstructuralevolutionoflivopo4overmultiplelithiumintercalation-2016')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@article{lin_thermodynamics_2016,\n\ttitle = {Thermodynamics, {Kinetics} and {Structural} {Evolution} of ε-{LiVOPO} 4 over {Multiple} {Lithium} {Intercalation}},\n\tvolume = {28},\n\tcopyright = {All rights reserved},\n\tissn = {0897-4756},\n\turl = {http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/acs.chemmater.5b04880},\n\tdoi = {10.1021/acs.chemmater.5b04880},\n\tnumber = {6},\n\tjournal = {Chemistry of Materials},\n\tauthor = {Lin, Yuh-Chieh and Wen, Bohua and Wiaderek, Kamila M. and Sallis, Shawn and Liu, Hao and Lapidus, Saul H. and Borkiewicz, Olaf J. and Quackenbush, Nicholas F. and Chernova, Natasha A. and Karki, Khim and Omenya, Fredrick and Chupas, Peter J. and Piper, Louis F. J. and Whittingham, M. Stanley and Chapman, Karena W. and Ong, Shyue Ping},\n\tmonth = mar,\n\tyear = {2016},\n\tpages = {1794--1805},\n}\n\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"strobridge-liu-leskes-borkiewicz-wiaderek-chupas-chapman-grey-unravelingthecomplexdelithiationmechanismsofolivinetypecathodematerialslifexco1xpo4-2016\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/acs.chemmater.6b00319\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'strobridge-liu-leskes-borkiewicz-wiaderek-chupas-chapman-grey-unravelingthecomplexdelithiationmechanismsofolivinetypecathodematerialslifexco1xpo4-2016', 'http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/acs.chemmater.6b00319', event);\">\n    Unraveling the Complex Delithiation Mechanisms of Olivine-Type Cathode Materials, LiFe x Co 1– x PO 4.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Strobridge, F. C.; <a class=\"bibbase author link\" href=\"http://chemiris.chem.binghamton.edu/LIU/pubs.html\">Liu, H.</a>; Leskes, M.; Borkiewicz, O. J.; Wiaderek, K. M.; Chupas, P. J.; Chapman, K. W.;  and Grey, C. P.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  <i>Chemistry of Materials</i>, 28(11): 3676–3690. June 2016.\n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/acs.chemmater.6b00319\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('strobridge-liu-leskes-borkiewicz-wiaderek-chupas-chapman-grey-unravelingthecomplexdelithiationmechanismsofolivinetypecathodematerialslifexco1xpo4-2016', 'http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/acs.chemmater.6b00319', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"Unraveling the Complex Delithiation Mechanisms of Olivine-Type Cathode Materials, LiFe x Co 1– x PO 4 [link]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemmater.6b00319\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('strobridge-liu-leskes-borkiewicz-wiaderek-chupas-chapman-grey-unravelingthecomplexdelithiationmechanismsofolivinetypecathodematerialslifexco1xpo4-2016', 'http://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemmater.6b00319', event.ctrlKey)\"\n     class=\"bibbase doi link\">\n    <span>doi</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/strobridge-liu-leskes-borkiewicz-wiaderek-chupas-chapman-grey-unravelingthecomplexdelithiationmechanismsofolivinetypecathodematerialslifexco1xpo4-2016\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('strobridge-liu-leskes-borkiewicz-wiaderek-chupas-chapman-grey-unravelingthecomplexdelithiationmechanismsofolivinetypecathodematerialslifexco1xpo4-2016')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@article{strobridge_unraveling_2016,\n\ttitle = {Unraveling the {Complex} {Delithiation} {Mechanisms} of {Olivine}-{Type} {Cathode} {Materials}, {LiFe} x {Co} 1– x {PO} 4},\n\tvolume = {28},\n\tcopyright = {All rights reserved},\n\tissn = {0897-4756},\n\turl = {http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/acs.chemmater.6b00319},\n\tdoi = {10.1021/acs.chemmater.6b00319},\n\tnumber = {11},\n\tjournal = {Chemistry of Materials},\n\tauthor = {Strobridge, Fiona C. and Liu, Hao and Leskes, Michal and Borkiewicz, Olaf J. and Wiaderek, Kamila M. and Chupas, Peter J. and Chapman, Karena W. and Grey, Clare P.},\n\tmonth = jun,\n\tyear = {2016},\n\tpages = {3676--3690},\n}\n\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"liu-grey-influenceofparticlesizecyclingrateandtemperatureonthelithiationprocessofanatasetiotextrm2-2016\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"http://xlink.rsc.org/?DOI=C6TA00673F\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'liu-grey-influenceofparticlesizecyclingrateandtemperatureonthelithiationprocessofanatasetiotextrm2-2016', 'http://xlink.rsc.org/?DOI=C6TA00673F', event);\">\n    Influence of particle size, cycling rate and temperature on the lithiation process of anatase TiO$_{\\textrm{2}}$.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  <a class=\"bibbase author link\" href=\"http://chemiris.chem.binghamton.edu/LIU/pubs.html\">Liu, H.</a>;  and Grey, C. P.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  <i>Journal of Materials Chemistry A</i>, 4(17): 6433–6446.  2016.\n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://xlink.rsc.org/?DOI=C6TA00673F\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('liu-grey-influenceofparticlesizecyclingrateandtemperatureonthelithiationprocessofanatasetiotextrm2-2016', 'http://xlink.rsc.org/?DOI=C6TA00673F', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"Influence of particle size, cycling rate and temperature on the lithiation process of anatase TiO$_{\\textrm{2}}$ [link]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.org/10.1039/C6TA00673F\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('liu-grey-influenceofparticlesizecyclingrateandtemperatureonthelithiationprocessofanatasetiotextrm2-2016', 'http://doi.org/10.1039/C6TA00673F', event.ctrlKey)\"\n     class=\"bibbase doi link\">\n    <span>doi</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/liu-grey-influenceofparticlesizecyclingrateandtemperatureonthelithiationprocessofanatasetiotextrm2-2016\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('liu-grey-influenceofparticlesizecyclingrateandtemperatureonthelithiationprocessofanatasetiotextrm2-2016')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@article{liu_influence_2016,\n\ttitle = {Influence of particle size, cycling rate and temperature on the lithiation process of anatase {TiO}$_{\\textrm{2}}$},\n\tvolume = {4},\n\tcopyright = {All rights reserved},\n\tissn = {2050-7488},\n\turl = {http://xlink.rsc.org/?DOI=C6TA00673F},\n\tdoi = {10.1039/C6TA00673F},\n\tabstract = {A continuous structural change during the (de)lithiation of lithium-ion battery material, anatase TiO 2 , which undergoes a crystal symmetry change, was not found even at high rates.},\n\tnumber = {17},\n\tjournal = {Journal of Materials Chemistry A},\n\tauthor = {Liu, Hao and Grey, Clare P.},\n\tyear = {2016},\n\tpages = {6433--6446},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  A continuous structural change during the (de)lithiation of lithium-ion battery material, anatase TiO 2 , which undergoes a crystal symmetry change, was not found even at high rates.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"pecher-bayley-liu-liu-trease-grey-automatictuningmatchingcycleratmcinsitunmrspectroscopyasanovelapproachforrealtimeinvestigationsofliandnaionbatteries-2016\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1090780716000902\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'pecher-bayley-liu-liu-trease-grey-automatictuningmatchingcycleratmcinsitunmrspectroscopyasanovelapproachforrealtimeinvestigationsofliandnaionbatteries-2016', 'http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1090780716000902', event);\">\n    Automatic Tuning Matching Cycler (ATMC) in situ NMR spectroscopy as a novel approach for real-time investigations of Li- and Na-ion batteries.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Pecher, O.; Bayley, P. M.; <a class=\"bibbase author link\" href=\"http://chemiris.chem.binghamton.edu/LIU/pubs.html\">Liu, H.</a>; Liu, Z.; Trease, N. M.;  and Grey, C. P.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  <i>Journal of Magnetic Resonance</i>, 265: 200–209. April 2016.\n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1090780716000902\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('pecher-bayley-liu-liu-trease-grey-automatictuningmatchingcycleratmcinsitunmrspectroscopyasanovelapproachforrealtimeinvestigationsofliandnaionbatteries-2016', 'http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1090780716000902', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"Automatic Tuning Matching Cycler (ATMC) in situ NMR spectroscopy as a novel approach for real-time investigations of Li- and Na-ion batteries [link]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmr.2016.02.008\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('pecher-bayley-liu-liu-trease-grey-automatictuningmatchingcycleratmcinsitunmrspectroscopyasanovelapproachforrealtimeinvestigationsofliandnaionbatteries-2016', 'http://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmr.2016.02.008', event.ctrlKey)\"\n     class=\"bibbase doi link\">\n    <span>doi</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/pecher-bayley-liu-liu-trease-grey-automatictuningmatchingcycleratmcinsitunmrspectroscopyasanovelapproachforrealtimeinvestigationsofliandnaionbatteries-2016\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <span class=\"bibbase_stats_paper\" style=\"color: #777;\">\n    <span>1 download</span>\n  </span>\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('pecher-bayley-liu-liu-trease-grey-automatictuningmatchingcycleratmcinsitunmrspectroscopyasanovelapproachforrealtimeinvestigationsofliandnaionbatteries-2016')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@article{pecher_automatic_2016,\n\ttitle = {Automatic {Tuning} {Matching} {Cycler} ({ATMC}) in situ {NMR} spectroscopy as a novel approach for real-time investigations of {Li}- and {Na}-ion batteries},\n\tvolume = {265},\n\tcopyright = {All rights reserved},\n\tissn = {10907807},\n\turl = {http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1090780716000902},\n\tdoi = {10.1016/j.jmr.2016.02.008},\n\tjournal = {Journal of Magnetic Resonance},\n\tauthor = {Pecher, Oliver and Bayley, Paul M. and Liu, Hao and Liu, Zigeng and Trease, Nicole M. and Grey, Clare P.},\n\tmonth = apr,\n\tyear = {2016},\n\tpages = {200--209},\n}\n\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"liu-allan-borkiewicz-kurtz-grey-chapman-chupas-aradiallyaccessibletubularinsituxraycellforspatiallyresolvedoperandoscatteringandspectroscopicstudiesofelectrochemicalenergystoragedevices-2016\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"http://scripts.iucr.org/cgi-bin/paper?S1600576716012632\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'liu-allan-borkiewicz-kurtz-grey-chapman-chupas-aradiallyaccessibletubularinsituxraycellforspatiallyresolvedoperandoscatteringandspectroscopicstudiesofelectrochemicalenergystoragedevices-2016', 'http://scripts.iucr.org/cgi-bin/paper?S1600576716012632', event);\">\n    A radially accessible tubular in situ X-ray cell for spatially resolved operando scattering and spectroscopic studies of electrochemical energy storage devices.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  <a class=\"bibbase author link\" href=\"http://chemiris.chem.binghamton.edu/LIU/pubs.html\">Liu, H.</a>; Allan, P. K.; Borkiewicz, O. J.; Kurtz, C.; Grey, C. P.; Chapman, K. W.;  and Chupas, P. J.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  <i>Journal of Applied Crystallography</i>, 49(5): 1665–1673. October 2016.\n  <span class=\"note\">Publisher: International Union of Crystallography</span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://scripts.iucr.org/cgi-bin/paper?S1600576716012632\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('liu-allan-borkiewicz-kurtz-grey-chapman-chupas-aradiallyaccessibletubularinsituxraycellforspatiallyresolvedoperandoscatteringandspectroscopicstudiesofelectrochemicalenergystoragedevices-2016', 'http://scripts.iucr.org/cgi-bin/paper?S1600576716012632', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"A radially accessible tubular in situ X-ray cell for spatially resolved operando scattering and spectroscopic studies of electrochemical energy storage devices [link]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.org/10.1107/S1600576716012632\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('liu-allan-borkiewicz-kurtz-grey-chapman-chupas-aradiallyaccessibletubularinsituxraycellforspatiallyresolvedoperandoscatteringandspectroscopicstudiesofelectrochemicalenergystoragedevices-2016', 'http://doi.org/10.1107/S1600576716012632', event.ctrlKey)\"\n     class=\"bibbase doi link\">\n    <span>doi</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/liu-allan-borkiewicz-kurtz-grey-chapman-chupas-aradiallyaccessibletubularinsituxraycellforspatiallyresolvedoperandoscatteringandspectroscopicstudiesofelectrochemicalenergystoragedevices-2016\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('liu-allan-borkiewicz-kurtz-grey-chapman-chupas-aradiallyaccessibletubularinsituxraycellforspatiallyresolvedoperandoscatteringandspectroscopicstudiesofelectrochemicalenergystoragedevices-2016')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@article{liu_radially_2016,\n\ttitle = {A radially accessible tubular in situ {X}-ray cell for spatially resolved operando scattering and spectroscopic studies of electrochemical energy storage devices},\n\tvolume = {49},\n\tcopyright = {All rights reserved},\n\tissn = {1600-5767},\n\turl = {http://scripts.iucr.org/cgi-bin/paper?S1600576716012632},\n\tdoi = {10.1107/S1600576716012632},\n\tabstract = {A tubular operando electrochemical cell has been developed to allow spatially resolved X-ray scattering and spectroscopic measurements of individual cell components, or regions thereof, during device operation. These measurements are enabled by the tubular cell geometry, wherein the X-ray-transparent tube walls allow radial access for the incident and scattered/transmitted X-ray beam; by probing different depths within the electrode stack, the transformation of different components or regions can be resolved. The cell is compatible with a variety of synchrotron-based scattering, absorption and imaging methodologies. The reliability of the electrochemical cell and the quality of the resulting X-ray scattering and spectroscopic data are demonstrated for two types of energy storage: the evolution of the distribution of the state of charge of an Li-ion battery electrode during cycling is documented using X-ray powder diffraction, and the redistribution of ions between two porous carbon electrodes in an electrochemical double-layer capacitor is documented using X-ray absorption near-edge spectroscopy.},\n\tnumber = {5},\n\tjournal = {Journal of Applied Crystallography},\n\tauthor = {Liu, Hao and Allan, Phoebe K. and Borkiewicz, Olaf J. and Kurtz, Charles and Grey, Clare P. and Chapman, Karena W. and Chupas, Peter J.},\n\tmonth = oct,\n\tyear = {2016},\n\tnote = {Publisher: International Union of Crystallography},\n\tpages = {1665--1673},\n}\n\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  A tubular operando electrochemical cell has been developed to allow spatially resolved X-ray scattering and spectroscopic measurements of individual cell components, or regions thereof, during device operation. These measurements are enabled by the tubular cell geometry, wherein the X-ray-transparent tube walls allow radial access for the incident and scattered/transmitted X-ray beam; by probing different depths within the electrode stack, the transformation of different components or regions can be resolved. The cell is compatible with a variety of synchrotron-based scattering, absorption and imaging methodologies. The reliability of the electrochemical cell and the quality of the resulting X-ray scattering and spectroscopic data are demonstrated for two types of energy storage: the evolution of the distribution of the state of charge of an Li-ion battery electrode during cycling is documented using X-ray powder diffraction, and the redistribution of ions between two porous carbon electrodes in an electrochemical double-layer capacitor is documented using X-ray absorption near-edge spectroscopy.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n\n\n\n    </div>\n  </div>\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_group_whole\" id=\"group_2015\">\n    <div class=\"bibbase_group\"\n      onclick=\"toggleGroup('group_2015')\"\n      onkeypress=\"toggleGroup('group_2015')\"\n      tabindex=\"0\">\n      <i class=\"fa fa-angle-down bibbase_group_head_icon\"></i>&nbsp;\n      <span>2015</span>\n      <span class=\"bibbase_group_count\">\n        \n        (1)\n        \n      </span>\n    </div>\n    <div class=\"bibbase_group_body\">\n      \n  \n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"strobridge-orvananos-croft-yu-robert-liu-zhong-connolley-etal-mappingtheinhomogeneouselectrochemicalreactionthroughporouslifepotextrm4electrodesinastandardcoincellbattery-2015\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/cm504317a\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'strobridge-orvananos-croft-yu-robert-liu-zhong-connolley-etal-mappingtheinhomogeneouselectrochemicalreactionthroughporouslifepotextrm4electrodesinastandardcoincellbattery-2015', 'http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/cm504317a', event);\">\n    Mapping the Inhomogeneous Electrochemical Reaction Through Porous LiFePO$_{\\textrm{4}}$ -Electrodes in a Standard Coin Cell Battery.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Strobridge, F. C.; Orvananos, B.; Croft, M.; Yu, H.; Robert, R.; <a class=\"bibbase author link\" href=\"http://chemiris.chem.binghamton.edu/LIU/pubs.html\">Liu, H.</a>; Zhong, Z.; Connolley, T.; Drakopoulos, M.; Thornton, K.;  and Grey, C. P.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  <i>Chemistry of Materials</i>, 27(7): 2374–2386. April 2015.\n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/cm504317a\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('strobridge-orvananos-croft-yu-robert-liu-zhong-connolley-etal-mappingtheinhomogeneouselectrochemicalreactionthroughporouslifepotextrm4electrodesinastandardcoincellbattery-2015', 'http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/cm504317a', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"Mapping the Inhomogeneous Electrochemical Reaction Through Porous LiFePO$_{\\textrm{4}}$ -Electrodes in a Standard Coin Cell Battery [link]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.org/10.1021/cm504317a\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('strobridge-orvananos-croft-yu-robert-liu-zhong-connolley-etal-mappingtheinhomogeneouselectrochemicalreactionthroughporouslifepotextrm4electrodesinastandardcoincellbattery-2015', 'http://doi.org/10.1021/cm504317a', event.ctrlKey)\"\n     class=\"bibbase doi link\">\n    <span>doi</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/strobridge-orvananos-croft-yu-robert-liu-zhong-connolley-etal-mappingtheinhomogeneouselectrochemicalreactionthroughporouslifepotextrm4electrodesinastandardcoincellbattery-2015\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('strobridge-orvananos-croft-yu-robert-liu-zhong-connolley-etal-mappingtheinhomogeneouselectrochemicalreactionthroughporouslifepotextrm4electrodesinastandardcoincellbattery-2015')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@article{strobridge_mapping_2015,\n\ttitle = {Mapping the {Inhomogeneous} {Electrochemical} {Reaction} {Through} {Porous} {LiFePO}$_{\\textrm{4}}$ -{Electrodes} in a {Standard} {Coin} {Cell} {Battery}},\n\tvolume = {27},\n\tcopyright = {All rights reserved},\n\tissn = {0897-4756},\n\turl = {http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/cm504317a},\n\tdoi = {10.1021/cm504317a},\n\tnumber = {7},\n\tjournal = {Chemistry of Materials},\n\tauthor = {Strobridge, Fiona C. and Orvananos, Bernardo and Croft, Mark and Yu, Hui-Chia and Robert, Rosa and Liu, Hao and Zhong, Zhong and Connolley, Thomas and Drakopoulos, Michael and Thornton, Katsuyo and Grey, Clare P.},\n\tmonth = apr,\n\tyear = {2015},\n\tpages = {2374--2386},\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n\n\n\n    </div>\n  </div>\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_group_whole\" id=\"group_2014\">\n    <div class=\"bibbase_group\"\n      onclick=\"toggleGroup('group_2014')\"\n      onkeypress=\"toggleGroup('group_2014')\"\n      tabindex=\"0\">\n      <i class=\"fa fa-angle-down bibbase_group_head_icon\"></i>&nbsp;\n      <span>2014</span>\n      <span class=\"bibbase_group_count\">\n        \n        (1)\n        \n      </span>\n    </div>\n    <div class=\"bibbase_group_body\">\n      \n  \n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"liu-strobridge-borkiewicz-wiaderek-chapman-chupas-grey-capturingmetastablestructuresduringhighratecyclingoflifeponanoparticleelectrodes-2014\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24970091\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'liu-strobridge-borkiewicz-wiaderek-chapman-chupas-grey-capturingmetastablestructuresduringhighratecyclingoflifeponanoparticleelectrodes-2014', 'http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24970091', event);\">\n    Capturing metastable structures during high-rate cycling of LiFePO₄ nanoparticle electrodes.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  <a class=\"bibbase author link\" href=\"http://chemiris.chem.binghamton.edu/LIU/pubs.html\">Liu, H.</a>; Strobridge, F. C; Borkiewicz, O. J; Wiaderek, K. M; Chapman, K. W; Chupas, P. J;  and Grey, C. P\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  <i>Science (New York, N.Y.)</i>, 344: 1252817. June 2014.\n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24970091\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('liu-strobridge-borkiewicz-wiaderek-chapman-chupas-grey-capturingmetastablestructuresduringhighratecyclingoflifeponanoparticleelectrodes-2014', 'http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24970091', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"Capturing metastable structures during high-rate cycling of LiFePO₄ nanoparticle electrodes. [link]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.org/10.1126/science.1252817\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('liu-strobridge-borkiewicz-wiaderek-chapman-chupas-grey-capturingmetastablestructuresduringhighratecyclingoflifeponanoparticleelectrodes-2014', 'http://doi.org/10.1126/science.1252817', event.ctrlKey)\"\n     class=\"bibbase doi link\">\n    <span>doi</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/liu-strobridge-borkiewicz-wiaderek-chapman-chupas-grey-capturingmetastablestructuresduringhighratecyclingoflifeponanoparticleelectrodes-2014\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <span class=\"bibbase_stats_paper\" style=\"color: #777;\">\n    <span>1 download</span>\n  </span>\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('liu-strobridge-borkiewicz-wiaderek-chapman-chupas-grey-capturingmetastablestructuresduringhighratecyclingoflifeponanoparticleelectrodes-2014')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@article{liu_capturing_2014,\n\ttitle = {Capturing metastable structures during high-rate cycling of {LiFePO}₄ nanoparticle electrodes.},\n\tvolume = {344},\n\tcopyright = {All rights reserved},\n\tissn = {1095-9203},\n\turl = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24970091},\n\tdoi = {10.1126/science.1252817},\n\tabstract = {The absence of a phase transformation involving substantial structural rearrangements and large volume changes is generally considered to be a key characteristic underpinning the high-rate capability of any battery electrode material. In apparent contradiction, nanoparticulate LiFePO4, a commercially important cathode material, displays exceptionally high rates, whereas its lithium-composition phase diagram indicates that it should react via a kinetically limited, two-phase nucleation and growth process. Knowledge concerning the equilibrium phases is therefore insufficient, and direct investigation of the dynamic process is required. Using time-resolved in situ x-ray powder diffraction, we reveal the existence of a continuous metastable solid solution phase during rapid lithium extraction and insertion. This nonequilibrium facile phase transformation route provides a mechanism for realizing high-rate capability of electrode materials that operate via two-phase reactions.},\n\turldate = {2014-07-10},\n\tjournal = {Science (New York, N.Y.)},\n\tauthor = {Liu, Hao and Strobridge, Fiona C and Borkiewicz, Olaf J and Wiaderek, Kamila M and Chapman, Karena W and Chupas, Peter J and Grey, Clare P},\n\tmonth = jun,\n\tyear = {2014},\n\tpmid = {24970091},\n\tpages = {1252817},\n}\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  The absence of a phase transformation involving substantial structural rearrangements and large volume changes is generally considered to be a key characteristic underpinning the high-rate capability of any battery electrode material. In apparent contradiction, nanoparticulate LiFePO4, a commercially important cathode material, displays exceptionally high rates, whereas its lithium-composition phase diagram indicates that it should react via a kinetically limited, two-phase nucleation and growth process. Knowledge concerning the equilibrium phases is therefore insufficient, and direct investigation of the dynamic process is required. Using time-resolved in situ x-ray powder diffraction, we reveal the existence of a continuous metastable solid solution phase during rapid lithium extraction and insertion. This nonequilibrium facile phase transformation route provides a mechanism for realizing high-rate capability of electrode materials that operate via two-phase reactions.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n\n\n\n    </div>\n  </div>\n\n\n\n\n  </div>\n\n\n  <!-- Modal -->\n\n  <!-- <iframe id=\"bibbase_network_frame\" -->\n  <!--         src=\"//bibbase.org/network/control\" -->\n  <!--         style=\"display: none;\"> -->\n  <!-- </iframe> -->\n\n</div>\n"}; document.write(bibbase_data.data);