var bibbase_data = {"data":"<img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/ajax-loader.gif\" id=\"spinner\"\n  style=\"display: none;\" alt=\"Loading..\" />\n\n<div id=\"bibbase\">\n\n  <script type=\"text/javascript\">\n    var bibbase = {\n      params: {\"bib\":\"https://jwbaugh.github.io/jwb.bib\",\"jsonp\":\"1\",\"host\":\"bibbase.org\",\"ssl\":false},\n      data: [{\"bibtype\":\"inproceedings\",\"type\":\"inproceedings\",\"author\":[{\"firstnames\":[\"Alper\"],\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Altuntas\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"firstnames\":[\"Allison\",\"H.\"],\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Baker\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"firstnames\":[\"John\"],\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Baugh\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"firstnames\":[\"Ganesh\"],\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Gopalakrishnan\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"firstnames\":[\"Stephen\"],\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Siegel\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"title\":\"Specification and Verification for Climate Modeling: Formalization Leading to Impactful Tooling\",\"booktitle\":\"Verification of Scientific Software (VSS 2025), a workshop of ETAPS 2025: European Joint Conferences on Theory and Practice of Software\",\"year\":\"2025\",\"month\":\"May\",\"address\":\"Hamilton, Ontario, Canada\",\"url_pdf\":\"papers/altuntas-vss-2025.pdf\",\"abstract\":\"Earth System Models (ESMs) are critical for understanding past climates and projecting future scenarios. However, the complexity of these models, which include large code bases, a wide community of developers, and diverse computational platforms, poses significant challenges for software quality assurance. The increasing adoption of GPUs and heterogeneous architectures further complicates verification efforts. Traditional verification methods often rely on bitwise reproducibility, which is not always feasible, particularly under new compilers or hardware. Manual expert evaluation, on the other hand, is subjective and time-consuming. Formal methods offer a mathematically rigorous alternative, yet their application in ESM development has been limited due to the lack of climate model-specific representations and tools. Here, we advocate for the broader adoption of formal methods in climate modeling. In particular, we identify key aspects of ESMs that are well suited to formal specification and introduce abstraction approaches for a tailored framework. To demonstrate this approach, we present a case study using CIVL model checker to formally verify a bug fix in an ocean mixing parameterization scheme. Our goal is to develop accessible, domain-specific formal tools that enhance model confidence and support more efficient and reliable ESM development.\",\"bibtex\":\"@inproceedings{altuntas-vss-2025,\\nauthor = {Alper Altuntas and Allison H. Baker and John Baugh and Ganesh Gopalakrishnan and Stephen Siegel},\\ntitle = {Specification and Verification for Climate Modeling: Formalization Leading to Impactful Tooling},\\nbooktitle = {Verification of Scientific Software (VSS 2025), a workshop of ETAPS 2025: European Joint Conferences on Theory and Practice of Software},\\nyear = {2025},\\nmonth = may,\\naddress = {Hamilton, Ontario, Canada},\\nurl_pdf = {papers/altuntas-vss-2025.pdf},\\nabstract = {\\nEarth System Models (ESMs) are critical for understanding past\\nclimates and projecting future scenarios. However, the complexity of\\nthese models, which include large code bases, a wide community of\\ndevelopers, and diverse computational platforms, poses significant\\nchallenges for software quality assurance. The increasing adoption of\\nGPUs and heterogeneous architectures further complicates verification\\nefforts. Traditional verification methods often rely on bitwise\\nreproducibility, which is not always feasible, particularly under new\\ncompilers or hardware. Manual expert evaluation, on the other hand, is\\nsubjective and time-consuming. Formal methods offer a mathematically\\nrigorous alternative, yet their application in ESM development has\\nbeen limited due to the lack of climate model-specific representations\\nand tools. Here, we advocate for the broader adoption of formal\\nmethods in climate modeling. In particular, we identify key aspects of\\nESMs that are well suited to formal specification and introduce\\nabstraction approaches for a tailored framework. To demonstrate this\\napproach, we present a case study using CIVL model checker to formally\\nverify a bug fix in an ocean mixing parameterization scheme. Our goal\\nis to develop accessible, domain-specific formal tools that enhance\\nmodel confidence and support more efficient and reliable ESM\\ndevelopment.}\\n}\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Altuntas, A.\",\"Baker, A. H.\",\"Baugh, J.\",\"Gopalakrishnan, G.\",\"Siegel, S.\"],\"key\":\"altuntas-vss-2025\",\"id\":\"altuntas-vss-2025\",\"bibbaseid\":\"altuntas-baker-baugh-gopalakrishnan-siegel-specificationandverificationforclimatemodelingformalizationleadingtoimpactfultooling-2025\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{\" pdf\":\"https://jwbaugh.github.io/papers/altuntas-vss-2025.pdf\"},\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{\"baugh, j\":\"https://jwbaugh.github.io/\"}},\"downloads\":3,\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"inproceedings\",\"type\":\"inproceedings\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Wilson\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Kurt\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Al\",\"Arafat\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Abdullah\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Baugh\"],\"firstnames\":[\"John\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Yu\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Ruozhou\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Guo\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Zhishan\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"booktitle\":\"2025 IEEE 31st Real-Time and Embedded Technology and Applications Symposium (RTAS)\",\"title\":\"Physics-Informed Mixed-Criticality Scheduling for F1Tenth Cars with Preemptable ROS 2 Executors\",\"year\":\"2025\",\"pages\":\"215-227\",\"keywords\":\"Mixed-Criticality Systems;Temporal Verification;Formal Methods;F1Tenth cars;UPPAAL\",\"doi\":\"10.1109/RTAS65571.2025.00030\",\"url_pdf\":\"papers/wilson-rtas-2025.pdf\",\"abstract\":\"Autonomous systems are increasingly used in safety-critical domains, including industrial automation, autonomous vehicles, and the industrial Internet of Things. Verifying both the functional and temporal correctness of these systems is essential to ensure safety before deployment. However, end-to-end verification is challenging due to the interaction of continuous-time physical processes with discrete-time computational systems. Existing formal methods often assume simplified or static computational models, while traditional real-time systems focus on meeting timing constraints without explicitly linking them to physical safety. We address this gap by proposing a physics-informed mixed-criticality (MC) verification framework for cyber-physical systems, which allows the integration of computational and physical models for dynamic, fine-grained safety assurance. Our framework incorporates feedback from the local environment to guide criticality-based mode switching, ensuring adaptive responses to real-time physical states rather than relying on global worst-case assumptions. We demonstrate the feasibility of our approach with a prototype implementation on an autonomous F1 Tenth vehicle using preemptive EDF scheduling on ROS 2. Verification is conducted using UPPAAL to validate system behavior, mode transitions, and physical safety constraints. Results show that our framework effectively manages MC requirements, enhancing responsiveness and safety in dynamic environments.\",\"bibtex\":\"@inproceedings{wilson-rtas-2025,\\nauthor={Wilson, Kurt and Al Arafat, Abdullah and Baugh, John and Yu, Ruozhou and Guo, Zhishan},\\nbooktitle={2025 IEEE 31st Real-Time and Embedded Technology and Applications Symposium (RTAS)}, \\ntitle={Physics-Informed Mixed-Criticality Scheduling for {F1Tenth} Cars with Preemptable {ROS 2} Executors},\\nyear={2025},\\npages={215-227},\\nkeywords={Mixed-Criticality Systems;Temporal Verification;Formal Methods;F1Tenth cars;UPPAAL},\\ndoi={10.1109/RTAS65571.2025.00030},\\nurl_pdf = {papers/wilson-rtas-2025.pdf},\\nabstract={\\nAutonomous systems are increasingly used in safety-critical domains,\\nincluding industrial automation, autonomous vehicles, and the\\nindustrial Internet of Things. Verifying both the functional and\\ntemporal correctness of these systems is essential to ensure safety\\nbefore deployment. However, end-to-end verification is challenging due\\nto the interaction of continuous-time physical processes with\\ndiscrete-time computational systems. Existing formal methods often\\nassume simplified or static computational models, while traditional\\nreal-time systems focus on meeting timing constraints without\\nexplicitly linking them to physical safety. We address this gap by\\nproposing a physics-informed mixed-criticality (MC) verification\\nframework for cyber-physical systems, which allows the integration of\\ncomputational and physical models for dynamic, fine-grained safety\\nassurance. Our framework incorporates feedback from the local\\nenvironment to guide criticality-based mode switching, ensuring\\nadaptive responses to real-time physical states rather than relying on\\nglobal worst-case assumptions. We demonstrate the feasibility of our\\napproach with a prototype implementation on an autonomous F1 Tenth\\nvehicle using preemptive EDF scheduling on ROS 2. Verification is\\nconducted using UPPAAL to validate system behavior, mode transitions,\\nand physical safety constraints. Results show that our framework\\neffectively manages MC requirements, enhancing responsiveness and\\nsafety in dynamic environments.}\\n}\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Wilson, K.\",\"Al Arafat, A.\",\"Baugh, J.\",\"Yu, R.\",\"Guo, Z.\"],\"key\":\"wilson-rtas-2025\",\"id\":\"wilson-rtas-2025\",\"bibbaseid\":\"wilson-alarafat-baugh-yu-guo-physicsinformedmixedcriticalityschedulingforf1tenthcarswithpreemptableros2executors-2025\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{\" pdf\":\"https://jwbaugh.github.io/papers/wilson-rtas-2025.pdf\"},\"keyword\":[\"Mixed-Criticality Systems;Temporal Verification;Formal Methods;F1Tenth cars;UPPAAL\"],\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{\"baugh, j\":\"https://jwbaugh.github.io/\"}},\"downloads\":2,\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"inproceedings\",\"type\":\"inproceedings\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Wilson\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Kurt\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Arafat\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Abdullah\",\"Al\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Baugh\"],\"firstnames\":[\"John\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Yu\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Ruozhou\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Liu\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Xue\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Guo\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Zhishan\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"title\":\"Soteria: A Formal Digital-Twin-Enabled Framework for Safety-Assurance of Latency-Aware Cyber-Physical Systems\",\"booktitle\":\"Proceedings of the 28th ACM International Conference on Hybrid Systems: Computation and Control\",\"year\":\"2025\",\"isbn\":\"9798400715044\",\"publisher\":\"Association for Computing Machinery\",\"address\":\"New York, NY, USA\",\"url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1145/3716863.3718028\",\"doi\":\"10.1145/3716863.3718028\",\"articleno\":\"22\",\"numpages\":\"11\",\"keywords\":\"Formal Methods, Hybrid Systems and Models, Real-Time Cyber-Physical Systems, Temporal Verification\",\"location\":\"Irvine, CA, USA\",\"series\":\"HSCC '25\",\"url_pdf\":\"papers/wilson-hscc-2025.pdf\",\"abstract\":\"Verifying the safety of latency-aware cyber-physical systems is both critical and challenging due to the interaction between continuous physical dynamics and discrete computational constraints. This paper introduces SOTERIA, a formal framework that integrates digital twins for ensuring safety in these systems. SOTERIA models both the physical dynamics and computational behavior, enabling integrated verification within a specific operating environment. This approach goes beyond conventional methods that either treat physical and computational aspects separately or rely on overly conservative worst-case analyses. By modeling hybrid dynamics alongside computational models and operating environments, SOTERIA verifies both functional and timing correctness. Leveraging established verification tools, SOTERIA determines whether end-to-end latencies meet formal specifications, bridging the gap between computational and physical requirements. We first introduce a simple example of a 1D adaptive cruise control system to illustrate its effectiveness. We then present findings from a case study using the F1Tenth racing car platform and the UPPAAL tool to demonstrate SOTERIA's effectiveness in realistic scenarios, enabling safety verification that was previously infeasible with conventional schedulability analyses. This work underscores the importance of an integrated verification approach for enhancing safety and reliability in autonomous systems.\",\"bibtex\":\"@inproceedings{wilson-hscc-2025,\\nauthor = {Wilson, Kurt and Arafat, Abdullah Al and Baugh, John and Yu, Ruozhou and Liu, Xue and Guo, Zhishan},\\ntitle = {Soteria: A Formal Digital-Twin-Enabled Framework for Safety-Assurance of Latency-Aware Cyber-Physical Systems},\\nbooktitle = {Proceedings of the 28th ACM International Conference on Hybrid Systems: Computation and Control},\\nyear = {2025},\\nisbn = {9798400715044},\\npublisher = {Association for Computing Machinery},\\naddress = {New York, NY, USA},\\nurl = {https://doi.org/10.1145/3716863.3718028},\\ndoi = {10.1145/3716863.3718028},\\narticleno = {22},\\nnumpages = {11},\\nkeywords = {Formal Methods, Hybrid Systems and Models, Real-Time Cyber-Physical Systems, Temporal Verification},\\nlocation = {Irvine, CA, USA},\\nseries = {HSCC '25},\\nurl_pdf = {papers/wilson-hscc-2025.pdf},\\nabstract = {\\nVerifying the safety of latency-aware cyber-physical systems is both\\ncritical and challenging due to the interaction between continuous\\nphysical dynamics and discrete computational constraints. This paper\\nintroduces SOTERIA, a formal framework that integrates digital twins\\nfor ensuring safety in these systems. SOTERIA models both the physical\\ndynamics and computational behavior, enabling integrated verification\\nwithin a specific operating environment. This approach goes beyond\\nconventional methods that either treat physical and computational\\naspects separately or rely on overly conservative worst-case\\nanalyses. By modeling hybrid dynamics alongside computational models\\nand operating environments, SOTERIA verifies both functional and\\ntiming correctness. Leveraging established verification tools, SOTERIA\\ndetermines whether end-to-end latencies meet formal specifications,\\nbridging the gap between computational and physical requirements. We\\nfirst introduce a simple example of a 1D adaptive cruise control\\nsystem to illustrate its effectiveness. We then present findings from\\na case study using the F1Tenth racing car platform and the UPPAAL tool\\nto demonstrate SOTERIA's effectiveness in realistic scenarios,\\nenabling safety verification that was previously infeasible with\\nconventional schedulability analyses. This work underscores the\\nimportance of an integrated verification approach for enhancing safety\\nand reliability in autonomous systems.}\\n}\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Wilson, K.\",\"Arafat, A. A.\",\"Baugh, J.\",\"Yu, R.\",\"Liu, X.\",\"Guo, Z.\"],\"key\":\"wilson-hscc-2025\",\"id\":\"wilson-hscc-2025\",\"bibbaseid\":\"wilson-arafat-baugh-yu-liu-guo-soteriaaformaldigitaltwinenabledframeworkforsafetyassuranceoflatencyawarecyberphysicalsystems-2025\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{\"Paper\":\"https://doi.org/10.1145/3716863.3718028\",\" pdf\":\"https://jwbaugh.github.io/papers/wilson-hscc-2025.pdf\"},\"keyword\":[\"Formal Methods\",\"Hybrid Systems and Models\",\"Real-Time Cyber-Physical Systems\",\"Temporal Verification\"],\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{\"baugh, j\":\"https://jwbaugh.github.io/\"}},\"downloads\":2,\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"inproceedings\",\"type\":\"inproceedings\",\"title\":\"Physics-Aware Mixed-Criticality Systems Design via End-to-End Verification of CPS\",\"author\":[{\"firstnames\":[\"Kurt\"],\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Wilson\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"firstnames\":[\"Abdullah\",\"Al\"],\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Arafat\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"firstnames\":[\"John\"],\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Baugh\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"firstnames\":[\"Ruozhou\"],\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Yu\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"firstnames\":[\"Zhishan\"],\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Guo\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"booktitle\":\"22nd ACM-IEEE International Symposium on Formal Methods and Models for System Design (MEMOCODE)\",\"year\":\"2024\",\"publisher\":\"ACM/IEEE\",\"pages\":\"96-100\",\"doi\":\"10.1109/MEMOCODE63347.2024.00016\",\"url_pdf\":\"papers/wilson-memocode-2024.pdf\",\"abstract\":\"Autonomous systems are heavily used in many safety-critical systems, such as industrial automation, autonomous cars, Industrial Internet of Things (I-IoT), etc. Verification of the functional and temporal correctness of such systems is necessary before deployment to ensure their safety. However, due to the presence of physical systems in the continuous-time domain and computational models in the discrete-time domain, end-to-end verification of these systems is highly challenging. Existing formal methods focus on verifying physical models assuming static or simplified computation models. In contrast, existing real-time systems focus on satisfying strict timing bounds but do not care how those bounds are obtained and how they relate to physical safety. Our approach bridges these two domains, and constitutes an end-to-end verification framework for arbitrary physical models and computational models incorporated within a cyber-physical automated system. By allowing the interaction between the computational and physical models, our verification framework enables a fine-grained scheme that verifies against the local environment instead of verifying against global worst-case assumptions. Moreover, to support locally varying worst-case scenarios, a mixed-criticality system is proposed where the system supports several critical models and switches among the modes based on environmental uncertainty. Finally, a proof-of-concept evaluation of the proposed framework is reported.\",\"bibtex\":\"@inproceedings{wilson-memocode-2024,\\ntitle = {Physics-Aware Mixed-Criticality Systems Design via End-to-End Verification of {CPS}},\\nauthor = {Kurt Wilson and Abdullah Al Arafat and John Baugh and Ruozhou Yu and Zhishan Guo},\\nbooktitle = {22nd ACM-IEEE International Symposium on Formal Methods and Models for System Design (MEMOCODE)},\\nyear = {2024},\\npublisher = {ACM/IEEE},\\npages = {96-100},\\ndoi = {10.1109/MEMOCODE63347.2024.00016},\\nurl_pdf = {papers/wilson-memocode-2024.pdf},\\nabstract = {\\nAutonomous systems are heavily used in many safety-critical systems,\\nsuch as industrial automation, autonomous cars, Industrial Internet of\\nThings (I-IoT), etc. Verification of the functional and temporal\\ncorrectness of such systems is necessary before deployment to ensure\\ntheir safety. However, due to the presence of physical systems in the\\ncontinuous-time domain and computational models in the discrete-time\\ndomain, end-to-end verification of these systems is highly\\nchallenging. Existing formal methods focus on verifying physical\\nmodels assuming static or simplified computation models. In contrast,\\nexisting real-time systems focus on satisfying strict timing bounds\\nbut do not care how those bounds are obtained and how they relate to\\nphysical safety. Our approach bridges these two domains, and\\nconstitutes an end-to-end verification framework for arbitrary\\nphysical models and computational models incorporated within a\\ncyber-physical automated system. By allowing the interaction between\\nthe computational and physical models, our verification framework\\nenables a fine-grained scheme that verifies against the local\\nenvironment instead of verifying against global worst-case\\nassumptions. Moreover, to support locally varying worst-case\\nscenarios, a mixed-criticality system is proposed where the system\\nsupports several critical models and switches among the modes based on\\nenvironmental uncertainty. Finally, a proof-of-concept evaluation of\\nthe proposed framework is reported.}\\n}\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Wilson, K.\",\"Arafat, A. A.\",\"Baugh, J.\",\"Yu, R.\",\"Guo, Z.\"],\"key\":\"wilson-memocode-2024\",\"id\":\"wilson-memocode-2024\",\"bibbaseid\":\"wilson-arafat-baugh-yu-guo-physicsawaremixedcriticalitysystemsdesignviaendtoendverificationofcps-2024\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{\" pdf\":\"https://jwbaugh.github.io/papers/wilson-memocode-2024.pdf\"},\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{\"baugh, j\":\"https://jwbaugh.github.io/\"}},\"downloads\":6,\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"inproceedings\",\"type\":\"inproceedings\",\"title\":\"The `Causality' Quagmire for Formalised Bond Graphs\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Banach\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Richard\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Baugh\"],\"firstnames\":[\"John\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"booktitle\":\"Graph Transformation\",\"editor\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Harmer\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Russ\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Kosiol\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Jens\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"year\":\"2024\",\"publisher\":\"Springer Nature Switzerland\",\"pages\":\"99-117\",\"url_pdf\":\"papers/banach-icgt-2024.pdf\",\"abstract\":\"Bond graphs represent the structure and functionality of mechatronic systems from a power flow perspective. Unfortunately, presentations of bond graphs are replete with ambiguity, significantly impeding understanding. We extend the formalisation in preceding work to address the phenomenon of `causality', intended to help formulate solution strategies for bond graphs, but usually presented in such vague terms that the claims made are easily shown to be false. We show that `causality' only works as advertised in the simplest cases, where it mimics the mathematical definition of bond graph semantics. Counterexamples severely limit the applicability of the notion.\",\"bibtex\":\"@inproceedings{banach-icgt-2024,\\ntitle = {The `Causality' Quagmire for Formalised Bond Graphs},\\nauthor = {Banach, Richard and Baugh, John},\\nbooktitle = {Graph Transformation},\\neditor = {Harmer, Russ and Kosiol, Jens},\\nyear = {2024},\\npublisher = {Springer Nature Switzerland},\\npages = {99-117},\\nurl_pdf = {papers/banach-icgt-2024.pdf},\\nabstract = {\\nBond graphs represent the structure and functionality of mechatronic\\nsystems from a power flow perspective. Unfortunately, presentations of\\nbond graphs are replete with ambiguity, significantly impeding\\nunderstanding. We extend the formalisation in preceding work to\\naddress the phenomenon of `causality', intended to help formulate\\nsolution strategies for bond graphs, but usually presented in such\\nvague terms that the claims made are easily shown to be false. We show\\nthat `causality' only works as advertised in the simplest cases, where\\nit mimics the mathematical definition of bond graph\\nsemantics. Counterexamples severely limit the applicability of the\\nnotion.}\\n}\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Banach, R.\",\"Baugh, J.\"],\"editor_short\":[\"Harmer, R.\",\"Kosiol, J.\"],\"key\":\"banach-icgt-2024\",\"id\":\"banach-icgt-2024\",\"bibbaseid\":\"banach-baugh-thecausalityquagmireforformalisedbondgraphs-2024\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{\" pdf\":\"https://jwbaugh.github.io/papers/banach-icgt-2024.pdf\"},\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{\"baugh, j\":\"https://jwbaugh.github.io/\"}},\"downloads\":5,\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"inproceedings\",\"type\":\"inproceedings\",\"title\":\"Verifying ParamGen: A case study in scientific software abstraction and modeling\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Altuntas\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Alper\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Baugh\"],\"firstnames\":[\"John\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Nusbaumer\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Jesse\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"booktitle\":\"Proceedings of the 2023 Improving Scientific Software Conference\",\"note\":\"(No. NCAR/TN-576+PROC)\",\"year\":\"2023\",\"pages\":\"1-9\",\"url_pdf\":\"papers/altuntas-iss-2023.pdf\",\"doi\":\"10.5065/j0e4-ss70\",\"abstract\":\"We introduce ParamGen, an infrastructure library for climate models to generate input files that specify physics, parameterizations, and other behavior. ParamGen supports arbitrary Python expressions for specifying a default set of runtime parameters and values, thereby providing a high level of expressiveness and flexibility. Initially developed for the MOM6 ocean component in Community Earth System Model (CESM), ParamGen is now used by several additional CESM components. Therefore, it is of high importance that it operates correctly, i.e., absent any undesired and unexpected behavior. To that end, we develop an abstract verification model of ParamGen in Alloy, a software modeling and analysis tool with a declarative language that combines first-order logic and relational calculus. We evaluate the correctness of ParamGen via Alloy and discuss how abstract models and formal verification can help quickly frame questions and get answers regarding the structure and behavior of our scientific computing applications. We also describe our experience in coming to a cleaner and well-formed software design and abstractions as a result of the modeling exercise we present in this study.\",\"bibtex\":\"@inproceedings{altuntas-iss-2023,\\ntitle = {Verifying {ParamGen}: A case study in scientific software abstraction and modeling},\\nauthor = {Altuntas, Alper and Baugh, John and Nusbaumer, Jesse},\\nbooktitle = {Proceedings of the 2023 Improving Scientific Software Conference},\\nnote = {{(No.~NCAR/TN-576+PROC)}},\\nyear = {2023},\\npages = {1-9},\\nurl_pdf = {papers/altuntas-iss-2023.pdf},\\ndoi = {10.5065/j0e4-ss70},\\nabstract = {\\nWe introduce ParamGen, an infrastructure library for climate models to\\ngenerate input files that specify physics, parameterizations, and\\nother behavior. ParamGen supports arbitrary Python expressions for\\nspecifying a default set of runtime parameters and values, thereby\\nproviding a high level of expressiveness and flexibility. Initially\\ndeveloped for the MOM6 ocean component in Community Earth System Model\\n(CESM), ParamGen is now used by several additional CESM\\ncomponents. Therefore, it is of high importance that it operates\\ncorrectly, i.e., absent any undesired and unexpected behavior. To that\\nend, we develop an abstract verification model of ParamGen in Alloy, a\\nsoftware modeling and analysis tool with a declarative language that\\ncombines first-order logic and relational calculus. We evaluate the\\ncorrectness of ParamGen via Alloy and discuss how abstract models and\\nformal verification can help quickly frame questions and get answers\\nregarding the structure and behavior of our scientific computing\\napplications. We also describe our experience in coming to a cleaner\\nand well-formed software design and abstractions as a result of the\\nmodeling exercise we present in this study.}\\n}\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Altuntas, A.\",\"Baugh, J.\",\"Nusbaumer, J.\"],\"key\":\"altuntas-iss-2023\",\"id\":\"altuntas-iss-2023\",\"bibbaseid\":\"altuntas-baugh-nusbaumer-verifyingparamgenacasestudyinscientificsoftwareabstractionandmodeling-2023\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{\" pdf\":\"https://jwbaugh.github.io/papers/altuntas-iss-2023.pdf\"},\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{\"baugh, j\":\"https://jwbaugh.github.io/\"}},\"downloads\":8,\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"inproceedings\",\"type\":\"inproceedings\",\"title\":\"Formalisation, abstraction and refinement of bond graphs\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Banach\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Richard\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Baugh\"],\"firstnames\":[\"John\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"booktitle\":\"Graph Transformation\",\"editor\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Fernández\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Maribel\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Poskitt\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Christopher\",\"M.\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"optbooktitle\":\"16th International Conference on Graph Transformation (ICGT)\",\"optnote\":\"ICGT 2023, Leicester, UK, EATCS and IFIP WG 1.3\",\"pages\":\"145-162\",\"year\":\"2023\",\"doi\":\"10.1007/978-3-031-36709-0_8\",\"publisher\":\"Springer Nature Switzerland\",\"url_pdf\":\"papers/banach-icgt-2023.pdf\",\"abstract\":\"Bond graphs represent the structure and functionality of mechatronic systems from a power flow perspective. Unfortunately, presentations of bond graphs are replete with ambiguity, significantly impeding understanding. A formalisation of the essentials of bond graphs is given, together with a formalisation of bond graph transformation, which can directly express abstraction and refinement of bond graphs.\",\"bibtex\":\"@inproceedings{banach-icgt-2023,\\ntitle = {Formalisation, abstraction and refinement of bond graphs},\\nauthor = {Banach, Richard and Baugh, John},\\nbooktitle = {Graph Transformation},\\neditor = {Fern{\\\\'a}ndez, Maribel and Poskitt, Christopher M.},\\nOPTbooktitle = {16th International Conference on Graph Transformation (ICGT)},\\nOPTnote = {{ICGT 2023}, {Leicester, UK}, {EATCS and IFIP WG 1.3}},\\npages = {145-162},\\nyear = {2023},\\ndoi = {10.1007/978-3-031-36709-0_8},\\npublisher = {Springer Nature Switzerland},\\nurl_pdf = {papers/banach-icgt-2023.pdf},\\nabstract = {\\nBond graphs represent the structure and functionality of mechatronic\\nsystems from a power flow perspective. Unfortunately, presentations\\nof bond graphs are replete with ambiguity, significantly impeding\\nunderstanding. A formalisation of the essentials of bond graphs is\\ngiven, together with a formalisation of bond graph transformation,\\nwhich can directly express abstraction and refinement of bond graphs.}\\n}\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Banach, R.\",\"Baugh, J.\"],\"editor_short\":[\"Fernández, M.\",\"Poskitt, C. M.\"],\"key\":\"banach-icgt-2023\",\"id\":\"banach-icgt-2023\",\"bibbaseid\":\"banach-baugh-formalisationabstractionandrefinementofbondgraphs-2023\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{\" pdf\":\"https://jwbaugh.github.io/papers/banach-icgt-2023.pdf\"},\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{\"baugh, j\":\"https://jwbaugh.github.io/\"}},\"downloads\":30,\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"article\",\"type\":\"article\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Zhang\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Miaomiao\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Teng\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Yu\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Kong\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Hui\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Baugh\"],\"firstnames\":[\"John\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Su\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Yu\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Mi\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Junri\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Du\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Bowen\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"title\":\"Automatic modelling and verification of Autosar architectures\",\"journal\":\"Journal of Systems and Software\",\"volume\":\"201\",\"pages\":\"111675\",\"year\":\"2023\",\"doi\":\"10.1016/j.jss.2023.111675\",\"publisher\":\"Elsevier\",\"url_pdf\":\"papers/zhang-jss-2023.pdf\",\"keywords\":\"Vehicle electronic system, Autosar, formal modelling, timed automata, verification\",\"abstract\":\"Autosar (AUTomotive Open System ARchitecture) is a development partnership whose primary goal is the standardization of basic system functions and functional interfaces for electronic control units in automobiles. As an open specification, its layered software architecture promotes the interoperability of real-time embedded vehicle systems and components. It also opens up the possibility of formal modelling and verification approaches, centred around the specification, that can be used to support analysis in the early stages of design. In this paper, we describe a methodology and associated tool, called A2A, that automatically models systems defined by the Autosar specifications as timed automata, and then verifies their timing properties using Uppaal. It contains 22 groups of timed automata templates, together with two auxiliary test templates, that model the Autosar architecture and timing properties, allowing time-related behaviours to be extracted from the three-layer architecture, i.e., the Autosar Software, Autosar Runtime Environment, and Basic Software layers, and templates to be automatically instantiated. The timing properties are specified using timed computation tree logic (TCTL) in Uppaal to verify the system model. We demonstrate the capabilities of the methodology by applying it to an Autosar architecture that describes an internal vehicle light control system, thereby showing its effectiveness.\",\"bibtex\":\"@article{zhang-jss-2023,\\nauthor = {Zhang, Miaomiao and Teng, Yu and Kong, Hui and Baugh, John and Su, Yu and Mi, Junri and Du, Bowen},\\ntitle = {Automatic modelling and verification of {Autosar} architectures},\\njournal = {Journal of Systems and Software},\\nvolume = {201},\\npages = {111675},\\nyear = {2023},\\ndoi = {10.1016/j.jss.2023.111675},\\npublisher = {Elsevier},\\nurl_pdf = {papers/zhang-jss-2023.pdf},\\nkeywords = {Vehicle electronic system, Autosar, formal modelling, timed\\n  automata, verification},\\nabstract = {\\nAutosar (AUTomotive Open System ARchitecture) is a development\\npartnership whose primary goal is the standardization of basic system\\nfunctions and functional interfaces for electronic control units in\\nautomobiles. As an open specification, its layered software\\narchitecture promotes the interoperability of real-time embedded\\nvehicle systems and components. It also opens up the possibility of\\nformal modelling and verification approaches, centred around the\\nspecification, that can be used to support analysis in the early\\nstages of design. In this paper, we describe a methodology and\\nassociated tool, called A2A, that automatically models systems defined\\nby the Autosar specifications as timed automata, and then verifies\\ntheir timing properties using Uppaal. It contains 22 groups of timed\\nautomata templates, together with two auxiliary test templates, that\\nmodel the Autosar architecture and timing properties, allowing\\ntime-related behaviours to be extracted from the three-layer\\narchitecture, i.e., the Autosar Software, Autosar Runtime Environment,\\nand Basic Software layers, and templates to be automatically\\ninstantiated. The timing properties are specified using timed\\ncomputation tree logic (TCTL) in Uppaal to verify the system model. We\\ndemonstrate the capabilities of the methodology by applying it to an\\nAutosar architecture that describes an internal vehicle light control\\nsystem, thereby showing its effectiveness.}\\n}\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Zhang, M.\",\"Teng, Y.\",\"Kong, H.\",\"Baugh, J.\",\"Su, Y.\",\"Mi, J.\",\"Du, B.\"],\"key\":\"zhang-jss-2023\",\"id\":\"zhang-jss-2023\",\"bibbaseid\":\"zhang-teng-kong-baugh-su-mi-du-automaticmodellingandverificationofautosararchitectures-2023\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{\" pdf\":\"https://jwbaugh.github.io/papers/zhang-jss-2023.pdf\"},\"keyword\":[\"Vehicle electronic system\",\"Autosar\",\"formal modelling\",\"timed automata\",\"verification\"],\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{\"baugh, j\":\"https://jwbaugh.github.io/\"}},\"downloads\":11,\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"inproceedings\",\"type\":\"inproceedings\",\"author\":[{\"firstnames\":[\"Juan\"],\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Benavides\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"firstnames\":[\"John\"],\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Baugh\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"firstnames\":[\"Ganesh\"],\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Gopalakrishnan\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"title\":\"An HPC practitioner's workbench for formal refinement checking\",\"editor\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Mendis\"],\"firstnames\":[\"C.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Rauchwerger\"],\"firstnames\":[\"L.\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"booktitle\":\"Languages and Compilers for Parallel Computing, LCPC 2022\",\"note\":\"Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 13829\",\"optbooktitle\":\"35th International Workshop on Languages and Compilers for Parallel Computing (LCPC)\",\"year\":\"2023\",\"doi\":\"10.1007/978-3-031-31445-2_5\",\"optlocation\":\"Chicago, IL\",\"pages\":\"64-72\",\"publisher\":\"Springer, Cham\",\"url_pdf\":\"papers/benavides-lcpc-2023.pdf\",\"keywords\":\"Formal methods, scientific computing, parallelism, Alloy\",\"isbn\":\"978-3-031-31445-2\",\"abstract\":\"HPC practitioners make use of techniques, such as parallelism and sparse data structures, that are difficult to reason about and debug. Here we explore the role of data refinement, a correct-by-construction approach, in verifying HPC applications via bounded model checking. We show how single program, multiple data (SPMD) parallelism can be modeled in Alloy, a declarative specification language, and describe common issues that arise when performing scope-complete refinement checks in this context.\",\"bibtex\":\"@inproceedings{benavides-lcpc-2023,\\nauthor = {Juan Benavides and John Baugh and Ganesh Gopalakrishnan},\\ntitle = {An {HPC} practitioner's workbench for formal refinement checking},\\neditor = {Mendis, C. and Rauchwerger, L.},\\nbooktitle = {Languages and Compilers for Parallel Computing, LCPC 2022},\\nnote = {Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 13829},\\nOPTbooktitle = {35th International Workshop on Languages and Compilers for\\n  Parallel Computing ({LCPC})},\\nyear = {2023},\\ndoi = {10.1007/978-3-031-31445-2_5},\\nOPTlocation = {Chicago, IL},\\npages = {64-72},\\npublisher = {Springer, Cham},\\nurl_pdf = {papers/benavides-lcpc-2023.pdf},\\nkeywords = {Formal methods, scientific computing, parallelism, Alloy},\\nisbn = {978-3-031-31445-2},\\nabstract = {\\nHPC practitioners make use of techniques, such as parallelism and\\nsparse data structures, that are difficult to reason about and debug. \\nHere we explore the role of data refinement, a correct-by-construction\\napproach, in verifying HPC applications via bounded model checking.\\nWe show how single program, multiple data (SPMD) parallelism can be\\nmodeled in Alloy, a declarative specification language, and describe\\ncommon issues that arise when performing scope-complete refinement\\nchecks in this context.}\\n}\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Benavides, J.\",\"Baugh, J.\",\"Gopalakrishnan, G.\"],\"editor_short\":[\"Mendis, C.\",\"Rauchwerger, L.\"],\"key\":\"benavides-lcpc-2023\",\"id\":\"benavides-lcpc-2023\",\"bibbaseid\":\"benavides-baugh-gopalakrishnan-anhpcpractitionersworkbenchforformalrefinementchecking-2023\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{\" pdf\":\"https://jwbaugh.github.io/papers/benavides-lcpc-2023.pdf\"},\"keyword\":[\"Formal methods\",\"scientific computing\",\"parallelism\",\"Alloy\"],\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{\"baugh, j\":\"https://jwbaugh.github.io/\"}},\"downloads\":27,\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"inproceedings\",\"type\":\"inproceedings\",\"author\":[{\"firstnames\":[\"Cade\"],\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Karrenberg\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"firstnames\":[\"Juan\"],\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Benavides\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"firstnames\":[\"Emily\"],\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Berglund\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"firstnames\":[\"Eunsuk\"],\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Kang\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"firstnames\":[\"John\"],\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Baugh\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"title\":\"Identifying cyber-physical vulnerabilities of water distribution systems using finite state processes\",\"booktitle\":\"2nd International Joint Conference on Water Distribution System Analysis & Computing and Control in the Water Industry, WDSA CCWI 2022\",\"year\":\"2022\",\"location\":\"Universitat Politècnica de València Valencia (Spain)\",\"number\":\"14838\",\"optdoi\":\"not-posted-yet\",\"url_pdf\":\"papers/karrenberg-wdsa-2022.pdf\",\"optpublisher\":\"not-sure\",\"keywords\":\"cyber-security, formal methods, water distribution system, cyberphysical system, finite state processes\",\"abstract\":\"Modern water distribution systems (WDS) comprise not only physical infrastructure, but also use smart meters, sensors, automated control systems and wireless communication links to manage hydraulic processes and water quality. Networked devices create new vulnerabilities to cyber-attacks, in which an attacker infiltrates connected devices through internet and network connections with potentially severe consequences, such as creating water supply interruptions and compromising water quality. Attention to cyber-attacks comes at a time of notable intrusions into the computer systems that monitor and control infrastructure, including the recent attack on a water treatment plant in Oldsmar, Florida. This paper describes an approach for probing a system's vulnerabilities and finding attack scenarios that may cause a disruption, for example, by lowering the pressure in water mains and exposing a system to harmful contaminants. Our modelling framework uses a process calculus called Finite State Processes (FSP), which is a formal notation that also includes a supporting tool, Labelled Transition System Analyzer (LTSA), for automatically checking safety and other desirable properties of computer systems. Applying formal methods tools, most-often used in the design and testing of hardware and software systems, to WDSs allows us to augment traditional simulation approaches with the exhaustive model-checking capabilities of tools such as LTSA. This framework couples FSP with epanetCPA, which is an open-source toolbox that can simulate attacks on a system's computer and network components to evaluate the resulting hydraulic response. Within this framework, we treat WDSs as a bounded state control problem to ensure, for instance, that water levels of an elevated storage tank are always within an acceptable range. Attacker capabilities are broadly defined and modelled to allow communication links to be compromised through eavesdropping and packet injection attacks. Feasible attack scenarios are automatically identified and produced by LTSA, which generates counterexamples to a safety property. To incorporate the physics of WDSs into FSP, we discretize and quantize systems and calibrate observable behaviors using Python scripts, including the package Water Network Tool for Resilience (WNTR). Attack scenarios are simulated with epanetCPA for purposes of validation.\",\"bibtex\":\"@inproceedings{karrenberg-wdsa-2022,\\nauthor = {Cade Karrenberg and Juan Benavides and Emily Berglund and\\n  Eunsuk Kang and John Baugh},\\ntitle = {Identifying cyber-physical vulnerabilities of water distribution\\n  systems using finite state processes},\\nbooktitle = {2nd International Joint Conference on Water Distribution\\n  System Analysis \\\\& Computing and Control in the Water Industry,\\n  {WDSA CCWI 2022}},\\nyear = {2022},\\nlocation = {Universitat Politècnica de València Valencia (Spain)},\\nnumber = {14838},\\nOPTdoi = {not-posted-yet},\\nurl_pdf = {papers/karrenberg-wdsa-2022.pdf},\\nOPTpublisher = {not-sure},\\nkeywords = {cyber-security, formal methods, water distribution system,\\n  cyberphysical system, finite state processes},\\nabstract = {\\nModern water distribution systems (WDS) comprise not only physical\\ninfrastructure, but also use smart meters, sensors, automated control\\nsystems and wireless communication links to manage hydraulic processes\\nand water quality. Networked devices create new vulnerabilities to\\ncyber-attacks, in which an attacker infiltrates connected devices\\nthrough internet and network connections with potentially severe\\nconsequences, such as creating water supply interruptions and\\ncompromising water quality. Attention to cyber-attacks comes at a time\\nof notable intrusions into the computer systems that monitor and\\ncontrol infrastructure, including the recent attack on a water\\ntreatment plant in Oldsmar, Florida. This paper describes an approach\\nfor probing a system's vulnerabilities and finding attack scenarios\\nthat may cause a disruption, for example, by lowering the pressure in\\nwater mains and exposing a system to harmful contaminants. Our\\nmodelling framework uses a process calculus called Finite State\\nProcesses (FSP), which is a formal notation that also includes a\\nsupporting tool, Labelled Transition System Analyzer (LTSA), for\\nautomatically checking safety and other desirable properties of\\ncomputer systems. Applying formal methods tools, most-often used in\\nthe design and testing of hardware and software systems, to WDSs\\nallows us to augment traditional simulation approaches with the\\nexhaustive model-checking capabilities of tools such as LTSA. This\\nframework couples FSP with epanetCPA, which is an open-source toolbox\\nthat can simulate attacks on a system's computer and network\\ncomponents to evaluate the resulting hydraulic response. Within this\\nframework, we treat WDSs as a bounded state control problem to ensure,\\nfor instance, that water levels of an elevated storage tank are always\\nwithin an acceptable range. Attacker capabilities are broadly defined\\nand modelled to allow communication links to be compromised through\\neavesdropping and packet injection attacks. Feasible attack scenarios\\nare automatically identified and produced by LTSA, which generates\\ncounterexamples to a safety property. To incorporate the physics of\\nWDSs into FSP, we discretize and quantize systems and calibrate\\nobservable behaviors using Python scripts, including the package Water\\nNetwork Tool for Resilience (WNTR). Attack scenarios are simulated\\nwith epanetCPA for purposes of validation.}\\n}\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Karrenberg, C.\",\"Benavides, J.\",\"Berglund, E.\",\"Kang, E.\",\"Baugh, J.\"],\"key\":\"karrenberg-wdsa-2022\",\"id\":\"karrenberg-wdsa-2022\",\"bibbaseid\":\"karrenberg-benavides-berglund-kang-baugh-identifyingcyberphysicalvulnerabilitiesofwaterdistributionsystemsusingfinitestateprocesses-2022\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{\" pdf\":\"https://jwbaugh.github.io/papers/karrenberg-wdsa-2022.pdf\"},\"keyword\":[\"cyber-security\",\"formal methods\",\"water distribution system\",\"cyberphysical system\",\"finite state processes\"],\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{\"baugh, j\":\"https://jwbaugh.github.io/\"}},\"downloads\":5,\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"article\",\"type\":\"article\",\"title\":\"Significance of multi-hazard risk in design of buildings under earthquake and wind loads\",\"author\":[{\"firstnames\":[\"Shinyoung\"],\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Kwag\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"firstnames\":[\"Abhinav\"],\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Gupta\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"firstnames\":[\"John\"],\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Baugh\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"firstnames\":[\"Hyun-Su\"],\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Kim\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"journal\":\"Engineering Structures\",\"volume\":\"243\",\"pages\":\"112623\",\"year\":\"2021\",\"optissn\":\"xxx\",\"doi\":\"10.1016/j.engstruct.2021.112623\",\"opturl\":\"https://www-sciencedirect-com.prox.lib.ncsu.edu/science/article/pii/S0141029621007732\",\"url_pdf\":\"papers/kwag-engstruct-2021.pdf\",\"keywords\":\"Earthquake and wind hazards; Performance-based design; Risk-based multi-hazard approach; Multi-hazard risk map; Multi-hazard scenario; Magneto-rheological damper; Adjacent buildings\",\"abstract\":\"Traditionally, external hazards are considered in the design of a building through the various combinations of loads prescribed in relevant design codes and standards. It is often the case that the design is governed by a single dominant hazard at a given geographic location. This is particularly true for earthquake and wind hazards, both of which impart time-dependent dynamic loads on the structure. Engineers may nevertheless wonder if a building designed for one of the two dominant hazards will satisfactorily withstand the other. Prior studies have indicated that in some cases, when a building is designed for a single dominant hazard, it does not necessarily provide satisfactory performance against the other hazard. In this paper, we propose a novel framework that builds upon performance-based design requirements and determines whether the design of a building is governed primarily by a single hazard or multiple hazards. It integrates site-dependent hazard characteristics with the performance criteria for a given building type and building geometry. The framework is consistent with the burgeoning area of probabilistic risk assessment, and yet can easily be extended to traditional, deterministically characterized design requirements as illustrated herein.\",\"bibtex\":\"@article{kwag-engstruct-2021,\\ntitle = {Significance of multi-hazard risk in design of buildings\\nunder earthquake and wind loads},\\nauthor = {Shinyoung Kwag and Abhinav Gupta and John Baugh and Hyun-Su Kim},\\njournal = {Engineering Structures},\\nvolume = {243},\\npages = {112623},\\nyear = {2021},\\nOPTissn = {xxx},\\ndoi = {10.1016/j.engstruct.2021.112623},\\nOPTurl = {https://www-sciencedirect-com.prox.lib.ncsu.edu/science/article/pii/S0141029621007732},\\nurl_pdf = {papers/kwag-engstruct-2021.pdf},\\nkeywords = {Earthquake and wind hazards; Performance-based design;\\nRisk-based multi-hazard approach; Multi-hazard risk map; Multi-hazard\\nscenario; Magneto-rheological damper; Adjacent buildings},\\nabstract = {\\nTraditionally, external hazards are considered in the design of a\\nbuilding through the various combinations of loads prescribed in\\nrelevant design codes and standards. It is often the case that the\\ndesign is governed by a single dominant hazard at a given geographic\\nlocation. This is particularly true for earthquake and wind hazards,\\nboth of which impart time-dependent dynamic loads on the\\nstructure. Engineers may nevertheless wonder if a building designed\\nfor one of the two dominant hazards will satisfactorily withstand the\\nother. Prior studies have indicated that in some cases, when a\\nbuilding is designed for a single dominant hazard, it does not\\nnecessarily provide satisfactory performance against the other\\nhazard. In this paper, we propose a novel framework that builds upon\\nperformance-based design requirements and determines whether the\\ndesign of a building is governed primarily by a single hazard or\\nmultiple hazards. It integrates site-dependent hazard characteristics\\nwith the performance criteria for a given building type and building\\ngeometry. The framework is consistent with the burgeoning area of\\nprobabilistic risk assessment, and yet can easily be extended to\\ntraditional, deterministically characterized design requirements as\\nillustrated herein.}\\n}\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Kwag, S.\",\"Gupta, A.\",\"Baugh, J.\",\"Kim, H.\"],\"key\":\"kwag-engstruct-2021\",\"id\":\"kwag-engstruct-2021\",\"bibbaseid\":\"kwag-gupta-baugh-kim-significanceofmultihazardriskindesignofbuildingsunderearthquakeandwindloads-2021\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{\" pdf\":\"https://jwbaugh.github.io/papers/kwag-engstruct-2021.pdf\"},\"keyword\":[\"Earthquake and wind hazards; Performance-based design; Risk-based multi-hazard approach; Multi-hazard risk map; Multi-hazard scenario; Magneto-rheological damper; Adjacent buildings\"],\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{\"baugh, j\":\"https://jwbaugh.github.io/\"}},\"downloads\":2,\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"inproceedings\",\"type\":\"inproceedings\",\"title\":\"Sterling: A web-based visualizer for relational modeling languages\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Dyer\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Tristan\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Baugh\"],\"firstnames\":[\"John\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"booktitle\":\"Rigorous State Based Methods. ABZ 2021\",\"note\":\"Lecture Notes in Computer Science 12709\",\"pages\":\"99-104\",\"address\":\"Cham\",\"year\":\"2021\",\"publisher\":\"Springer\",\"optisbn\":\"978-3-030-77543-8\",\"doi\":\"10.1007/978-3-030-77543-8_7\",\"url_pdf\":\"papers/dyer-abz-2021.pdf\",\"abstract\":\"We introduce Sterling, a web-based visualization tool that provides interactive views of relational models and allows users to create custom visualizations using modern JavaScript libraries like D3 and Cytoscape. We outline its design goals and architecture, and describe custom visualizations developed with Sterling that enable verification studies of scientific software used in production. While development is driven primarily by the Alloy community, other relational modeling languages are accommodated by Sterling's data agnostic architecture.\",\"bibtex\":\"@inproceedings{dyer-abz-2021,\\ntitle = {Sterling: A web-based visualizer for relational modeling languages},\\nauthor = {Dyer, Tristan and Baugh, John},\\nbooktitle = {Rigorous State Based Methods. ABZ 2021},\\nnote = {Lecture Notes in Computer Science 12709},\\npages = {99-104},\\naddress = {Cham},\\nyear = {2021},\\npublisher = {Springer},\\nOPTisbn = {978-3-030-77543-8},\\ndoi = {10.1007/978-3-030-77543-8_7},\\nurl_pdf = {papers/dyer-abz-2021.pdf},\\nabstract = {\\nWe introduce Sterling, a web-based visualization tool that provides\\ninteractive views of relational models and allows users to create\\ncustom visualizations using modern JavaScript libraries like D3 and\\nCytoscape.  We outline its design goals and architecture, and describe\\ncustom visualizations developed with Sterling that enable verification\\nstudies of scientific software used in production.  While development\\nis driven primarily by the Alloy community, other relational modeling\\nlanguages are accommodated by Sterling's data agnostic architecture.}\\n}\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Dyer, T.\",\"Baugh, J.\"],\"key\":\"dyer-abz-2021\",\"id\":\"dyer-abz-2021\",\"bibbaseid\":\"dyer-baugh-sterlingawebbasedvisualizerforrelationalmodelinglanguages-2021\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{\" pdf\":\"https://jwbaugh.github.io/papers/dyer-abz-2021.pdf\"},\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{\"baugh, j\":\"https://jwbaugh.github.io/\"}},\"downloads\":3,\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"inproceedings\",\"type\":\"inproceedings\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Curri\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Danielle\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Aziz\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Tarek\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Baugh\"],\"firstnames\":[\"John\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Johnson\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Jeremiah\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"title\":\"Industrial Symbiosis Waste Exchange Identification and Optimization\",\"booktitle\":\"Proceedings of the 54th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences\",\"year\":\"2021\",\"pages\":\"916-925\",\"url\":\"http://hdl.handle.net/10125/70724\",\"url_pdf\":\"papers/curri-hicss-21.pdf\",\"abstract\":\"Industrial symbiosis is the concept that waste from industrial processes can be diverted and then reused as inputs into co-located industrial entities. While research to date has identified successful examples of industrial symbiosis and characterized formation processes, little is known about how new eco-industrial parks can be designed and their performance optimized. In this paper, we describe how industrial symbiosis can be modeled and optimized during the development phase to assist in the creation of eco-industrial parks. We present a database framework, waste exchange identification algorithm, and Python-based optimization system that generates a mixed-integer linear programming model to minimize the amount of non-recycled waste produced. We illustrate the functionality of the approach on three test cases that demonstrate increasing levels of complexity. The optimization model can also accommodate multiple objectives, allowing further exploration of the benefits of industrial symbiosis at the design stage.\",\"bibtex\":\"@inproceedings{curri-hicss-21,\\nauthor = {Curri, Danielle and Aziz, Tarek and Baugh, John and Johnson,\\n  Jeremiah},\\ntitle = {Industrial Symbiosis Waste Exchange Identification and\\n  Optimization},\\nbooktitle = {Proceedings of the 54th Hawaii International Conference on\\n  System Sciences},\\nyear = {2021},\\npages = {916-925},\\nurl = {http://hdl.handle.net/10125/70724},\\nurl_pdf = {papers/curri-hicss-21.pdf},\\nabstract = {\\nIndustrial symbiosis is the concept that waste from industrial\\nprocesses can be diverted and then reused as inputs into co-located\\nindustrial entities. While research to date has identified successful\\nexamples of industrial symbiosis and characterized formation\\nprocesses, little is known about how new eco-industrial parks can be\\ndesigned and their performance optimized. In this paper, we describe\\nhow industrial symbiosis can be modeled and optimized during the\\ndevelopment phase to assist in the creation of eco-industrial\\nparks. We present a database framework, waste exchange identification\\nalgorithm, and Python-based optimization system that generates a\\nmixed-integer linear programming model to minimize the amount of\\nnon-recycled waste produced. We illustrate the functionality of the\\napproach on three test cases that demonstrate increasing levels of\\ncomplexity. The optimization model can also accommodate multiple\\nobjectives, allowing further exploration of the benefits of industrial\\nsymbiosis at the design stage.}\\n}\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Curri, D.\",\"Aziz, T.\",\"Baugh, J.\",\"Johnson, J.\"],\"key\":\"curri-hicss-21\",\"id\":\"curri-hicss-21\",\"bibbaseid\":\"curri-aziz-baugh-johnson-industrialsymbiosiswasteexchangeidentificationandoptimization-2021\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{\"Paper\":\"http://hdl.handle.net/10125/70724\",\" pdf\":\"https://jwbaugh.github.io/papers/curri-hicss-21.pdf\"},\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{\"baugh, j\":\"https://jwbaugh.github.io/\"}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"incollection\",\"type\":\"incollection\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Banach\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Richard\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Baugh\"],\"firstnames\":[\"John\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"editor\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Adamatzky\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Andrew\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Kendon\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Vivien\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"title\":\"A simple Hybrid Event-B model of an active control system for earthquake protection\",\"booktitle\":\"From Astrophysics to Unconventional Computation\",\"year\":\"2020\",\"publisher\":\"Springer\",\"address\":\"Cham\",\"series\":\"Emergence, Complexity and Computation\",\"volume\":\"35\",\"pages\":\"157-194\",\"isbn\":\"978-3-030-15792-0\",\"doi\":\"10.1007/978-3-030-15792-0_7\",\"opt_url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-15792-0_7\",\"url_pdf\":\"papers/banach-festschrift-2020.pdf\",\"abstract\":\"In earthquake-prone zones of the world, severe damage to buildings and life endangering harm to people pose a major risk when severe earthquakes happen. In recent decades, active and passive measures to prevent building damage have been designed and deployed. A simple model of an active damage prevention system, founded on earlier work, is investigated from a model based formal development perspective, using Hybrid Event-B. The non-trivial physical behaviour in the model is readily captured within the formalism. However, when the usual approximation and discretization techniques from engineering and applied mathematics are used, the rather brittle refinement techniques used in model based formal development start to break down. Despite this, the model developed stands up well when compared via simulation with a standard approach. The requirements of a richer formal development framework, better able to cope with applications exhibiting non-trivial physical elements are discussed.\",\"bibtex\":\"@incollection{banach-festschrift-2020,\\nauthor = {Banach, Richard and Baugh, John},\\neditor = {Adamatzky, Andrew and Kendon, Vivien},\\ntitle = {A simple {Hybrid Event-B} model of an active control system for\\n  earthquake protection},\\nbooktitle = {From Astrophysics to Unconventional Computation},\\nyear = {2020},\\npublisher = {Springer},\\naddress = {Cham},\\nseries = {Emergence, Complexity and Computation},\\nvolume = {35},\\npages = {157-194},\\nisbn = {978-3-030-15792-0},\\ndoi = {10.1007/978-3-030-15792-0_7},\\nOPT_url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-15792-0_7},\\nurl_pdf = {papers/banach-festschrift-2020.pdf},\\nabstract = {\\nIn earthquake-prone zones of the world, severe damage to buildings and\\nlife endangering harm to people pose a major risk when severe\\nearthquakes happen. In recent decades, active and passive measures to\\nprevent building damage have been designed and deployed. A simple\\nmodel of an active damage prevention system, founded on earlier work,\\nis investigated from a model based formal development perspective,\\nusing Hybrid Event-B. The non-trivial physical behaviour in the model\\nis readily captured within the formalism. However, when the usual\\napproximation and discretization techniques from engineering and\\napplied mathematics are used, the rather brittle refinement techniques\\nused in model based formal development start to break down. Despite\\nthis, the model developed stands up well when compared via simulation\\nwith a standard approach. The requirements of a richer formal\\ndevelopment framework, better able to cope with applications\\nexhibiting non-trivial physical elements are discussed.}\\n}\\n\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Banach, R.\",\"Baugh, J.\"],\"editor_short\":[\"Adamatzky, A.\",\"Kendon, V.\"],\"key\":\"banach-festschrift-2020\",\"id\":\"banach-festschrift-2020\",\"bibbaseid\":\"banach-baugh-asimplehybrideventbmodelofanactivecontrolsystemforearthquakeprotection-2020\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{\" pdf\":\"https://jwbaugh.github.io/papers/banach-festschrift-2020.pdf\"},\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{\"baugh, j\":\"https://jwbaugh.github.io/\"}},\"downloads\":17,\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"inproceedings\",\"type\":\"inproceedings\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Dyer\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Tristan\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Altuntas\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Alper\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Baugh\"],\"firstnames\":[\"John\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"title\":\"Bounded verification of sparse matrix computations\",\"booktitle\":\"Proceedings of the Third International Workshop on Software Correctness for HPC Applications, Correctness'19\",\"year\":\"2019\",\"isbn\":\"978-1-7281-6015-3\",\"location\":\"Denver, CO, USA\",\"pages\":\"36-43\",\"doi\":\"10.1109/Correctness49594.2019.00010\",\"url_pdf\":\"papers/dyer-correctness-2019.pdf\",\"publisher\":\"IEEE/ACM\",\"keywords\":\"sparse matrix formats, state-based formal methods, mechanical verification\",\"abstract\":\"We show how to model and reason about the structure and behavior of sparse matrices, which are central to many applications in scientific computation. Our approach is state-based, relying on a formalism called Alloy to show that one model is a refinement of another. We present examples of sparse matrix-vector multiplication, transpose, and translation between formats using ELLPACK and compressed sparse row formats to demonstrate the approach. To model matrix computations in a declarative language like Alloy, a new idiom is presented for bounded iteration with incremental updates. Mechanical verification is performed using SAT solvers built into the tool.\",\"bibtex\":\"@inproceedings{dyer-correctness-2019,\\nauthor = {Dyer, Tristan and Altuntas, Alper and Baugh, John},\\ntitle = {Bounded verification of sparse matrix computations},\\nbooktitle = {Proceedings of the Third International Workshop on\\n  Software Correctness for {HPC} Applications, {Correctness'19}},\\nyear = {2019},\\nisbn = {978-1-7281-6015-3},\\nlocation = {Denver, CO, USA},\\npages = {36-43},\\ndoi = {10.1109/Correctness49594.2019.00010},\\nurl_pdf = {papers/dyer-correctness-2019.pdf},\\npublisher = {IEEE/ACM},\\nkeywords = {sparse matrix formats, state-based formal methods, mechanical\\n  verification},\\nabstract = {\\nWe show how to model and reason about the structure and behavior of\\nsparse matrices, which are central to many applications in scientific\\ncomputation.  Our approach is state-based, relying on a formalism\\ncalled Alloy to show that one model is a refinement of another.  We\\npresent examples of sparse matrix-vector multiplication, transpose,\\nand translation between formats using ELLPACK and compressed sparse\\nrow formats to demonstrate the approach.  To model matrix computations\\nin a declarative language like Alloy, a new idiom is presented for\\nbounded iteration with incremental updates.  Mechanical verification\\nis performed using SAT solvers built into the tool.}\\n}\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Dyer, T.\",\"Altuntas, A.\",\"Baugh, J.\"],\"key\":\"dyer-correctness-2019\",\"id\":\"dyer-correctness-2019\",\"bibbaseid\":\"dyer-altuntas-baugh-boundedverificationofsparsematrixcomputations-2019\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{\" pdf\":\"https://jwbaugh.github.io/papers/dyer-correctness-2019.pdf\"},\"keyword\":[\"sparse matrix formats\",\"state-based formal methods\",\"mechanical verification\"],\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{\"baugh, j\":\"https://jwbaugh.github.io/\"}},\"downloads\":11,\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"inproceedings\",\"type\":\"inproceedings\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Altuntas\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Alper\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Baugh\"],\"firstnames\":[\"John\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"title\":\"Hybrid theorem proving as a lightweight method for verifying numerical software\",\"booktitle\":\"Proceedings of the Second International Workshop on Software Correctness for HPC Applications, Correctness'18\",\"year\":\"2018\",\"isbn\":\"978-1-7281-0226-9\",\"location\":\"Dallas, TX, USA\",\"pages\":\"1-8\",\"doi\":\"10.1109/Correctness.2018.00005\",\"url_pdf\":\"papers/altuntas-correctness-2018.pdf\",\"publisher\":\"IEEE\",\"keywords\":\"hybrid systems, formal methods, scientific computation, KeYmaera X\",\"abstract\":\"Large-scale numerical software requires substantial computer resources that complicate testing and debugging. A single run of a climate model may require many millions of core-hours and terabytes of disk space, making trial-and-error experiments burdensome and time consuming. In this study, we apply hybrid theorem proving from the field of cyber-physical systems to problems in scientific computation, and show how to verify the correctness of discrete updates that appear in the simulation of continuous physical systems. By viewing numerical software as a hybrid system that combines discrete and continuous behavior, test coverage and confidence in findings can be increased. We describe abstraction approaches for modeling numerical software and demonstrate the applicability of the approach in a case study that reproduces undesirable behavior encountered in a parameterization scheme, called the K-profile parameterization, widely used in ocean components of large-scale climate models. We then identify and model a fix in the configuration of the scheme, and verify that the undesired behavior is eliminated for all possible execution sequences. We conclude that hybrid theorem proving is an effective and efficient approach that can be used to verify and reason about properties of large-scale numerical software.\",\"bibtex\":\"@inproceedings{altuntas-correctness-2018,\\nauthor = {Altuntas, Alper and Baugh, John},\\ntitle = {Hybrid theorem proving as a lightweight method for verifying\\n  numerical software},\\nbooktitle = {Proceedings of the Second International Workshop on\\n  Software Correctness for {HPC} Applications, {Correctness'18}},\\nyear = {2018},\\nisbn = {978-1-7281-0226-9},\\nlocation = {Dallas, TX, USA},\\npages = {1-8},\\ndoi = {10.1109/Correctness.2018.00005},\\nurl_pdf = {papers/altuntas-correctness-2018.pdf},\\npublisher = {IEEE},\\nkeywords = {hybrid systems, formal methods, scientific computation,\\n  KeYmaera X},\\nabstract = {\\nLarge-scale numerical software requires substantial computer resources\\nthat complicate testing and debugging. A single run of a climate model\\nmay require many millions of core-hours and terabytes of disk space,\\nmaking trial-and-error experiments burdensome and time consuming. In\\nthis study, we apply hybrid theorem proving from the field of\\ncyber-physical systems to problems in scientific computation, and show\\nhow to verify the correctness of discrete updates that appear in the\\nsimulation of continuous physical systems. By viewing numerical\\nsoftware as a hybrid system that combines discrete and continuous\\nbehavior, test coverage and confidence in findings can be\\nincreased. We describe abstraction approaches for modeling numerical\\nsoftware and demonstrate the applicability of the approach in a case\\nstudy that reproduces undesirable behavior encountered in a\\nparameterization scheme, called the K-profile parameterization, widely\\nused in ocean components of large-scale climate models. We then\\nidentify and model a fix in the configuration of the scheme, and\\nverify that the undesired behavior is eliminated for all possible\\nexecution sequences. We conclude that hybrid theorem proving is an\\neffective and efficient approach that can be used to verify and reason\\nabout properties of large-scale numerical software.}\\n}\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Altuntas, A.\",\"Baugh, J.\"],\"key\":\"altuntas-correctness-2018\",\"id\":\"altuntas-correctness-2018\",\"bibbaseid\":\"altuntas-baugh-hybridtheoremprovingasalightweightmethodforverifyingnumericalsoftware-2018\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{\" pdf\":\"https://jwbaugh.github.io/papers/altuntas-correctness-2018.pdf\"},\"keyword\":[\"hybrid systems\",\"formal methods\",\"scientific computation\",\"KeYmaera X\"],\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{\"baugh, j\":\"https://jwbaugh.github.io/\"}},\"downloads\":6,\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"article\",\"type\":\"article\",\"title\":\"Numerical study on factors influencing typhoon-induced storm surge distribution in Zhanjiang Harbor\",\"author\":[{\"firstnames\":[\"Xing\"],\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Liu\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"firstnames\":[\"Wensheng\"],\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Jiang\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"firstnames\":[\"Bo\"],\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Yang\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"firstnames\":[\"John\"],\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Baugh\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"journal\":\"Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science\",\"volume\":\"215\",\"pages\":\"39-51\",\"year\":\"2018\",\"issn\":\"0272-7714\",\"doi\":\"10.1016/j.ecss.2018.09.019\",\"opturl\":\"http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S027277141830009X\",\"url_pdf\":\"papers/liu-ecs-2018.pdf\",\"keywords\":\"Local atmospheric effect, Remote atmospheric effect, Storm surge, Spatial distribution, Sea level rise, Typhoon track\",\"abstract\":\"A 2-D unstructured finite element model is used to study how local and remote atmospheric forcing, sea level rise, and shoreline variation affect typhoon-induced storm surge in a small shallow bay, Zhanjiang Harbor (ZH). In this research, the spatial distribution of storm surge is divided into three patterns in ZH, denoted E-W, N-S, and S-N, using a quantitative method. In the Bay, local atmospheric effects (LAE) and remote atmospheric effects (RAE) both play important roles in the maximum residual water level. The contribution of RAE to the inflow is higher than that of the LAE, but the former is less important in the spatial distribution in ZH. In addition, the typhoon track influences the time of occurrence of the maximum surge by forcing the outer waters to ZH, then the spatial distribution of the surge residual in the bay is controlled by local winds, and different regions are threatened during different kinds of storm surge processes. Two sea level rise scenarios are set up in the paper as well, and the results show that the trends of the changes in LAE and RAE in the inner-bay are the opposite in the case of sea level rise; however, the total changes of the distribution are not the same in different categories. In general, the E-W category storm surge is weakened, while the N-S and S-N category storm surges have inverse changes in the north and south of ZH. There is a downward trend of the maximum surge gradient within the Bay, but relative to sea level rise itself this effect is not obvious. The establishment of the sea embankment increased the storm surge within the bay though it is not significant.\",\"bibtex\":\"@article{liu-ecs-2018,\\ntitle = {Numerical study on factors influencing typhoon-induced storm\\nsurge distribution in {Zhanjiang Harbor}},\\nauthor = {Xing Liu and Wensheng Jiang and Bo Yang and John Baugh},\\njournal = {Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science},\\nvolume = {215},\\npages = {39-51},\\nyear = {2018},\\nissn = {0272-7714},\\ndoi = {10.1016/j.ecss.2018.09.019},\\nOPTurl = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S027277141830009X},\\nurl_pdf = {papers/liu-ecs-2018.pdf},\\nkeywords = {Local atmospheric effect, Remote atmospheric effect, Storm\\n  surge, Spatial distribution, Sea level rise, Typhoon track},\\nabstract = {\\nA 2-D unstructured finite element model is used to study how local and\\nremote atmospheric forcing, sea level rise, and shoreline variation\\naffect typhoon-induced storm surge in a small shallow bay, Zhanjiang\\nHarbor (ZH). In this research, the spatial distribution of storm surge\\nis divided into three patterns in ZH, denoted E-W, N-S, and S-N, using\\na quantitative method. In the Bay, local atmospheric effects (LAE) and\\nremote atmospheric effects (RAE) both play important roles in the\\nmaximum residual water level. The contribution of RAE to the inflow is\\nhigher than that of the LAE, but the former is less important in the\\nspatial distribution in ZH. In addition, the typhoon track influences\\nthe time of occurrence of the maximum surge by forcing the outer\\nwaters to ZH, then the spatial distribution of the surge residual in\\nthe bay is controlled by local winds, and different regions are\\nthreatened during different kinds of storm surge processes. Two sea\\nlevel rise scenarios are set up in the paper as well, and the results\\nshow that the trends of the changes in LAE and RAE in the inner-bay\\nare the opposite in the case of sea level rise; however, the total\\nchanges of the distribution are not the same in different\\ncategories. In general, the E-W category storm surge is weakened,\\nwhile the N-S and S-N category storm surges have inverse changes in\\nthe north and south of ZH. There is a downward trend of the maximum\\nsurge gradient within the Bay, but relative to sea level rise itself\\nthis effect is not obvious. The establishment of the sea embankment\\nincreased the storm surge within the bay though it is not significant.}\\n}\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Liu, X.\",\"Jiang, W.\",\"Yang, B.\",\"Baugh, J.\"],\"key\":\"liu-ecs-2018\",\"id\":\"liu-ecs-2018\",\"bibbaseid\":\"liu-jiang-yang-baugh-numericalstudyonfactorsinfluencingtyphooninducedstormsurgedistributioninzhanjiangharbor-2018\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{\" pdf\":\"https://jwbaugh.github.io/papers/liu-ecs-2018.pdf\"},\"keyword\":[\"Local atmospheric effect\",\"Remote atmospheric effect\",\"Storm surge\",\"Spatial distribution\",\"Sea level rise\",\"Typhoon track\"],\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{\"baugh, j\":\"https://jwbaugh.github.io/\"}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"inproceedings\",\"type\":\"inproceedings\",\"title\":\"State-based formal methods in scientific computation\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Baugh\"],\"firstnames\":[\"John\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Dyer\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Tristan\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"opteditor\":\"Butler, Michael and Raschke, Alexander and Hoang, Thai Son and Reichl, Klaus\",\"booktitle\":\"Abstract State Machines, Alloy, B, TLA, VDM, and Z: 6th International Conference, ABZ 2018\",\"note\":\"Lecture Notes in Computer Science 10817\",\"pages\":\"392-396\",\"address\":\"Cham\",\"year\":\"2018\",\"publisher\":\"Springer\",\"isbn\":\"978-3-319-91271-4\",\"doi\":\"10.1007/978-3-319-91271-4_29\",\"url_pdf\":\"papers/baugh-abz-2018.pdf\",\"abstract\":\"Control systems, protocols, and hardware design are among the most common applications of state-based formal methods, and yet the types of modeling and analysis they enable are also well-suited to problems in scientific computation, where quality, reproducibility, and productivity are growing concerns. We survey the challenges faced by developers of scientific software, characterize the nature of the programs they write, and offer some perspective on the role that state-based methods can play in scientific domains.\",\"bibtex\":\"@inproceedings{baugh-abz-2018,\\ntitle = {State-based formal methods in scientific computation},\\nauthor = {Baugh, John and Dyer, Tristan},\\nOPTeditor = {Butler, Michael and Raschke, Alexander and Hoang, Thai Son\\n  and Reichl, Klaus},\\nbooktitle = {Abstract State Machines, Alloy, B, TLA, VDM, and Z: 6th\\n  International Conference, ABZ 2018},\\nnote = {Lecture Notes in Computer Science 10817},\\npages = {392-396},\\naddress = {Cham},\\nyear = {2018},\\npublisher = {Springer},\\nisbn = {978-3-319-91271-4},\\ndoi = {10.1007/978-3-319-91271-4_29},\\nurl_pdf = {papers/baugh-abz-2018.pdf},\\nabstract = {\\nControl systems, protocols, and hardware design are among the most\\ncommon applications of state-based formal methods, and yet the types\\nof modeling and analysis they enable are also well-suited to problems\\nin scientific computation, where quality, reproducibility, and\\nproductivity are growing concerns. We survey the challenges faced by\\ndevelopers of scientific software, characterize the nature of the\\nprograms they write, and offer some perspective on the role that\\nstate-based methods can play in scientific domains.}\\n}                  \\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Baugh, J.\",\"Dyer, T.\"],\"key\":\"baugh-abz-2018\",\"id\":\"baugh-abz-2018\",\"bibbaseid\":\"baugh-dyer-statebasedformalmethodsinscientificcomputation-2018\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{\" pdf\":\"https://jwbaugh.github.io/papers/baugh-abz-2018.pdf\"},\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{\"baugh, j\":\"https://jwbaugh.github.io/\"}},\"downloads\":3,\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"article\",\"type\":\"article\",\"title\":\"Formal methods and finite element analysis of hurricane storm surge: A case study in software verification\",\"author\":[{\"firstnames\":[\"John\"],\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Baugh\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"firstnames\":[\"Alper\"],\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Altuntas\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"journal\":\"Science of Computer Programming\",\"volume\":\"158\",\"pages\":\"100-121\",\"year\":\"2018\",\"optnote\":\"Abstract State Machines, Alloy, B, TLA, VDM and Z (ABZ 2016)\",\"issn\":\"0167-6423\",\"doi\":\"10.1016/j.scico.2017.08.012\",\"opturl\":\"http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167642317301715\",\"url_pdf\":\"papers/baugh-scp-2018.pdf\",\"keywords\":\"Formal methods, Model checking, Scientific computing, Earth and atmospheric sciences\",\"abstract\":\"Used to predict the effects of hurricane storm surge, ocean circulation models are essential tools for evacuation planning, vulnerability assessment, and infrastructure design. Implemented as numerical solvers that operate on large-scale datasets, these models determine the geographic extent and severity of coastal floods and other impacts. In this study, we look at an ocean circulation model used in production and an extension made to it that offers substantial performance gains. To explore implementation choices and ensure soundness of the extension, we make use of Alloy, a declarative modeling language with tool support and an automatic form of analysis performed within a bounded scope using a SAT solver. Abstractions for relevant parts of the ocean circulation model are presented, including the physical representation of land and seafloor surfaces as a finite element mesh, and an algorithm operating on it that allows for the propagation of overland flows. The approach allows us to draw useful conclusions about implementation choices and guarantees about the extension, in particular that it is equivalence preserving.\",\"bibtex\":\"@article{baugh-scp-2018,\\ntitle = {Formal methods and finite element analysis of hurricane storm\\n  surge: A case study in software verification},\\nauthor = {John Baugh and Alper Altuntas},\\njournal = {Science of Computer Programming},\\nvolume = {158},\\npages = {100-121},\\nyear = {2018},\\nOPTnote = {Abstract State Machines, Alloy, B, TLA, VDM and Z (ABZ 2016)},\\nissn = {0167-6423},\\ndoi = {10.1016/j.scico.2017.08.012},\\nOPTurl = {{http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167642317301715}},\\nurl_pdf = {papers/baugh-scp-2018.pdf},\\nkeywords = {Formal methods, Model checking, Scientific computing,\\n  Earth and atmospheric sciences},\\nabstract = {\\nUsed to predict the effects of hurricane storm surge, ocean\\ncirculation models are essential tools for evacuation planning,\\nvulnerability assessment, and infrastructure design.  Implemented as\\nnumerical solvers that operate on large-scale datasets, these models\\ndetermine the geographic extent and severity of coastal floods and\\nother impacts.  In this study, we look at an ocean circulation model\\nused in production and an extension made to it that offers substantial\\nperformance gains.  To explore implementation choices and ensure\\nsoundness of the extension, we make use of Alloy, a declarative\\nmodeling language with tool support and an automatic form of analysis\\nperformed within a bounded scope using a SAT solver.  Abstractions for\\nrelevant parts of the ocean circulation model are presented, including\\nthe physical representation of land and seafloor surfaces as a finite\\nelement mesh, and an algorithm operating on it that allows for the\\npropagation of overland flows.  The approach allows us to draw useful\\nconclusions about implementation choices and guarantees about the\\nextension, in particular that it is equivalence preserving.}\\n}\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Baugh, J.\",\"Altuntas, A.\"],\"key\":\"baugh-scp-2018\",\"id\":\"baugh-scp-2018\",\"bibbaseid\":\"baugh-altuntas-formalmethodsandfiniteelementanalysisofhurricanestormsurgeacasestudyinsoftwareverification-2018\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{\" pdf\":\"https://jwbaugh.github.io/papers/baugh-scp-2018.pdf\"},\"keyword\":[\"Formal methods\",\"Model checking\",\"Scientific computing\",\"Earth and atmospheric sciences\"],\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{\"baugh, j\":\"https://jwbaugh.github.io/\"}},\"downloads\":11,\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"inproceedings\",\"type\":\"inproceedings\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Altuntas\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Alper\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Baugh\"],\"firstnames\":[\"John\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"title\":\"Verifying concurrency in an adaptive ocean circulation model\",\"booktitle\":\"Proceedings of the First International Workshop on Software Correctness for HPC Applications, Correctness'17\",\"year\":\"2017\",\"isbn\":\"978-1-4503-5127-0\",\"location\":\"Denver, CO, USA\",\"pages\":\"1-7\",\"doi\":\"10.1145/3145344.3145346\",\"opturl\":\"http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/3145344.3145346\",\"url_pdf\":\"papers/altuntas-correctness-2017.pdf\",\"acmid\":\"3145346\",\"publisher\":\"ACM\",\"optaddress\":\"New York, NY, USA\",\"keywords\":\"Scientific computing, concurrency, finite element analysis, hurricane storm surge, model checking\",\"abstract\":\"We present a model checking approach for verifying the correctness of concurrency in numerical models. The forms of concurrency we address are from (1) coupled modeling where distinct components, e.g., ocean, wave, and atmospheric, exchange interface conditions during runtime, and (2) multi-instance modeling where local variations of the same numerical model are executed concurrently to minimize common (and therefore redundant) computations. We present general guidelines for representing these forms of concurrency in an abstract verification model and then apply them to an adaptive ocean circulation model that determines the geographic extent and severity of coastal floods. The ocean model employs multi-instance concurrency: a collection of engineering design and failure scenarios are concurrently simulated using patches, regions of a grid that grow and shrink based on the hydrodynamic changes induced by each scenario. We show how concurrency inherent in the simulation model can be represented in a verification model to ensure correctness and to automatically generate safe synchronization arrangements.\",\"bibtex\":\"@inproceedings{altuntas-correctness-2017,\\nauthor = {Altuntas, Alper and Baugh, John},\\ntitle = {Verifying concurrency in an adaptive ocean circulation model},\\nbooktitle = {Proceedings of the First International Workshop on\\n  Software Correctness for {HPC} Applications, {Correctness'17}},\\nyear = {2017},\\nisbn = {978-1-4503-5127-0},\\nlocation = {Denver, CO, USA},\\npages = {1-7},\\ndoi = {10.1145/3145344.3145346},\\nOPTurl = {{http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/3145344.3145346}},\\nurl_pdf = {papers/altuntas-correctness-2017.pdf},\\nacmid = {3145346},\\npublisher = {ACM},\\nOPTaddress = {New York, NY, USA},\\nkeywords = {Scientific computing, concurrency, finite element\\n  analysis, hurricane storm surge, model checking},\\nabstract = {\\nWe present a model checking approach for verifying the correctness of\\nconcurrency in numerical models.  The forms of concurrency we address\\nare from (1) coupled modeling where distinct components, e.g., ocean,\\nwave, and atmospheric, exchange interface conditions during runtime,\\nand (2) multi-instance modeling where local variations of the same\\nnumerical model are executed concurrently to minimize common (and\\ntherefore redundant) computations. We present general guidelines for\\nrepresenting these forms of concurrency in an abstract verification\\nmodel and then apply them to an adaptive ocean circulation model that\\ndetermines the geographic extent and severity of coastal floods. The\\nocean model employs multi-instance concurrency: a collection of\\nengineering design and failure scenarios are concurrently simulated\\nusing patches, regions of a grid that grow and shrink based on the\\nhydrodynamic changes induced by each scenario. We show how concurrency\\ninherent in the simulation model can be represented in a verification\\nmodel to ensure correctness and to automatically generate safe\\nsynchronization arrangements.}\\n}\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Altuntas, A.\",\"Baugh, J.\"],\"key\":\"altuntas-correctness-2017\",\"id\":\"altuntas-correctness-2017\",\"bibbaseid\":\"altuntas-baugh-verifyingconcurrencyinanadaptiveoceancirculationmodel-2017\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{\" pdf\":\"https://jwbaugh.github.io/papers/altuntas-correctness-2017.pdf\"},\"keyword\":[\"Scientific computing\",\"concurrency\",\"finite element analysis\",\"hurricane storm surge\",\"model checking\"],\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{\"baugh, j\":\"https://jwbaugh.github.io/\"}},\"downloads\":1,\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"article\",\"type\":\"article\",\"title\":\"Adaptive subdomain modeling: A multi-analysis technique for ocean circulation models\",\"author\":[{\"firstnames\":[\"Alper\"],\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Altuntas\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"firstnames\":[\"John\"],\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Baugh\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"journal\":\"Ocean Modelling\",\"volume\":\"115\",\"pages\":\"86-104\",\"year\":\"2017\",\"issn\":\"1463-5003\",\"doi\":\"10.1016/j.ocemod.2017.05.009\",\"opturl\":\"http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S146350031730080X\",\"url_pdf\":\"papers/altuntas-ocemod-2017.pdf\",\"keywords\":\"Storm surge, Adaptive algorithm, Subdomain modeling, Moving boundaries, ADCIRC\",\"abstract\":\"Many coastal and ocean processes of interest operate over large temporal and geographical scales and require a substantial amount of computational resources, particularly when engineering design and failure scenarios are also considered. This study presents an adaptive multi-analysis technique that improves the efficiency of these computations when multiple alternatives are being simulated. The technique, called adaptive subdomain modeling, concurrently analyzes any number of child domains, with each instance corresponding to a unique design or failure scenario, in addition to a full-scale parent domain providing the boundary conditions for its children. To contain the altered hydrodynamics originating from the modifications, the spatial extent of each child domain is adaptively adjusted during runtime depending on the response of the model. The technique is incorporated in ADCIRC++, a re-implementation of the popular ADCIRC ocean circulation model with an updated software architecture designed to facilitate this adaptive behavior and to utilize concurrent executions of multiple domains. The results of our case studies confirm that the method substantially reduces computational effort while maintaining accuracy.\",\"bibtex\":\"@article{altuntas-ocemod-2017,\\ntitle = {Adaptive subdomain modeling: A multi-analysis technique for\\n  ocean circulation models},\\nauthor = {Alper Altuntas and John Baugh},\\njournal = {Ocean Modelling},\\nvolume = {115},\\npages = {86-104},\\nyear = {2017},\\nissn = {1463-5003},\\ndoi = {10.1016/j.ocemod.2017.05.009},\\nOPTurl = {{http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S146350031730080X}},\\nurl_pdf = {papers/altuntas-ocemod-2017.pdf},\\nkeywords = {Storm surge, Adaptive algorithm, Subdomain modeling,\\n  Moving boundaries, ADCIRC},\\nabstract = {\\nMany coastal and ocean processes of interest operate over large\\ntemporal and geographical scales and require a substantial amount of\\ncomputational resources, particularly when engineering design and\\nfailure scenarios are also considered. This study presents an adaptive\\nmulti-analysis technique that improves the efficiency of these\\ncomputations when multiple alternatives are being simulated.  The\\ntechnique, called adaptive subdomain modeling, concurrently analyzes\\nany number of child domains, with each instance corresponding to a\\nunique design or failure scenario, in addition to a full-scale parent\\ndomain providing the boundary conditions for its children.  To contain\\nthe altered hydrodynamics originating from the modifications, the\\nspatial extent of each child domain is adaptively adjusted during\\nruntime depending on the response of the model. The technique is\\nincorporated in ADCIRC++, a re-implementation of the popular ADCIRC\\nocean circulation model with an updated software architecture designed\\nto facilitate this adaptive behavior and to utilize concurrent\\nexecutions of multiple domains. The results of our case studies\\nconfirm that the method substantially reduces computational effort\\nwhile maintaining accuracy.}\\n}\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Altuntas, A.\",\"Baugh, J.\"],\"key\":\"altuntas-ocemod-2017\",\"id\":\"altuntas-ocemod-2017\",\"bibbaseid\":\"altuntas-baugh-adaptivesubdomainmodelingamultianalysistechniqueforoceancirculationmodels-2017\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{\" pdf\":\"https://jwbaugh.github.io/papers/altuntas-ocemod-2017.pdf\"},\"keyword\":[\"Storm surge\",\"Adaptive algorithm\",\"Subdomain modeling\",\"Moving boundaries\",\"ADCIRC\"],\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{\"baugh, j\":\"https://jwbaugh.github.io/\"}},\"downloads\":1,\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"article\",\"type\":\"article\",\"title\":\"A general characterization of the Hardy Cross method as sequential and multiprocess algorithms\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Baugh\"],\"firstnames\":[\"John\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Liu\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Shu\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"journal\":\"Structures\",\"volume\":\"6\",\"pages\":\"170-181\",\"year\":\"2016\",\"issn\":\"2352-0124\",\"doi\":\"10.1016/j.istruc.2016.03.004\",\"opturl\":\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352012416300054\",\"url_pdf\":\"papers/baugh-istruc-2016.pdf\",\"keywords\":\"Algorithms, Concurrency, Convergence, Hardy Cross method, Moment distribution\",\"abstract\":\"The Hardy Cross method of moment distribution admits, for any problem, an entire family of distribution sequences. Intuitively, the method involves clamping the joints of beams and frames against rotation and balancing moments iteratively, whether consecutively, simultaneously, or in some combination of the two. We present common versions of the moment distribution algorithm and generalizations of them as both sequential and multiprocess algorithms, with the latter exhibiting the full range of asynchronous behavior allowed by the method. We prove, in the limit, that processes so defined converge to the same unique solution regardless of the distribution sequence or interleaving of steps. In defining the algorithms, we avoid overspecifying the order of computation initially using a sequential, nondeterministic process, and then more generally using concurrent processes.\",\"bibtex\":\"@article{baugh-istruc-2016,\\ntitle = {A general characterization of the {Hardy} {Cross} method as\\n  sequential and multiprocess algorithms},\\nauthor = {Baugh, John and Liu, Shu},\\njournal = {Structures},\\nvolume = {6},\\npages = {170-181},\\nyear = {2016},\\nissn = {2352-0124},\\ndoi = {10.1016/j.istruc.2016.03.004},\\nOPTurl = {{https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352012416300054}},\\nurl_pdf = {papers/baugh-istruc-2016.pdf},\\nkeywords = {Algorithms, Concurrency, Convergence, Hardy Cross method,\\n  Moment distribution},\\nabstract = {\\nThe Hardy Cross method of moment distribution admits, for any problem,\\nan entire family of distribution sequences.  Intuitively, the method\\ninvolves clamping the joints of beams and frames against rotation and\\nbalancing moments iteratively, whether consecutively, simultaneously,\\nor in some combination of the two. We present common versions of the\\nmoment distribution algorithm and generalizations of them as both\\nsequential and multiprocess algorithms, with the latter exhibiting the\\nfull range of asynchronous behavior allowed by the method.  We prove,\\nin the limit, that processes so defined converge to the same unique\\nsolution regardless of the distribution sequence or interleaving of\\nsteps. In defining the algorithms, we avoid overspecifying the order\\nof computation initially using a sequential, nondeterministic process,\\nand then more generally using concurrent processes.}\\n}\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Baugh, J.\",\"Liu, S.\"],\"key\":\"baugh-istruc-2016\",\"id\":\"baugh-istruc-2016\",\"bibbaseid\":\"baugh-liu-ageneralcharacterizationofthehardycrossmethodassequentialandmultiprocessalgorithms-2016\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{\" pdf\":\"https://jwbaugh.github.io/papers/baugh-istruc-2016.pdf\"},\"keyword\":[\"Algorithms\",\"Concurrency\",\"Convergence\",\"Hardy Cross method\",\"Moment distribution\"],\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{\"baugh, j\":\"https://jwbaugh.github.io/\"}},\"downloads\":4,\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"inproceedings\",\"type\":\"inproceedings\",\"title\":\"Modeling a discrete wet-dry algorithm for hurricane storm surge in Alloy\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Baugh\"],\"firstnames\":[\"John\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Altuntas\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Alper\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"opteditor\":\"Butler, Michael and Schewe, Klaus-Dieter and Mashkoor, Atif and Biro, Miklos\",\"booktitle\":\"Abstract State Machines, Alloy, B, TLA, VDM, and Z: 5th International Conference, ABZ 2016\",\"note\":\"Lecture Notes in Computer Science 9675\",\"pages\":\"256-261\",\"address\":\"Cham\",\"year\":\"2016\",\"publisher\":\"Springer\",\"isbn\":\"978-3-319-33600-8\",\"doi\":\"10.1007/978-3-319-33600-8_18\",\"url_pdf\":\"papers/baugh-abz-2016.pdf\",\"abstract\":\"We describe an Alloy model that helps check the correctness of a discrete wet-dry algorithm used in a system for hurricane storm surge prediction. Derived from simplified physics and encoded with empirical rules, the algorithm operates on a finite element mesh to allow the propagation of overland flows. Our study is motivated by complex interactions between the algorithm and a recent performance enhancement to the system that involves mesh partitioning. We briefly outline our approach and describe safety properties of the extension, as well as directions for future work.\",\"bibtex\":\"@inproceedings{baugh-abz-2016,\\ntitle = {Modeling a discrete wet-dry algorithm for hurricane storm\\n  surge in {Alloy}},\\nauthor = {Baugh, John and Altuntas, Alper},\\nOPTeditor = {Butler, Michael and Schewe, Klaus-Dieter and Mashkoor, Atif\\n  and Biro, Miklos},\\nbooktitle = {Abstract State Machines, Alloy, B, TLA, VDM, and Z: 5th\\n  International Conference, ABZ 2016},\\nnote = {Lecture Notes in Computer Science 9675},\\npages = {256-261},\\naddress = {Cham},\\nyear = {2016},\\npublisher = {Springer},\\nisbn = {978-3-319-33600-8},\\ndoi = {10.1007/978-3-319-33600-8_18},\\nurl_pdf = {papers/baugh-abz-2016.pdf},\\nabstract = {\\nWe describe an Alloy model that helps check the correctness of a\\ndiscrete wet-dry algorithm used in a system for hurricane storm surge\\nprediction. Derived from simplified physics and encoded with empirical\\nrules, the algorithm operates on a finite element mesh to allow the\\npropagation of overland flows. Our study is motivated by complex\\ninteractions between the algorithm and a recent performance\\nenhancement to the system that involves mesh partitioning. We briefly\\noutline our approach and describe safety properties of the extension,\\nas well as directions for future work.}\\n}\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Baugh, J.\",\"Altuntas, A.\"],\"key\":\"baugh-abz-2016\",\"id\":\"baugh-abz-2016\",\"bibbaseid\":\"baugh-altuntas-modelingadiscretewetdryalgorithmforhurricanestormsurgeinalloy-2016\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{\" pdf\":\"https://jwbaugh.github.io/papers/baugh-abz-2016.pdf\"},\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{\"baugh, j\":\"https://jwbaugh.github.io/\"}},\"downloads\":1,\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"article\",\"type\":\"article\",\"title\":\"SMT: An interface for localized storm surge modeling\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Dyer\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Tristan\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Baugh\"],\"firstnames\":[\"John\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"journal\":\"Advances in Engineering Software\",\"volume\":\"92\",\"pages\":\"27-39\",\"year\":\"2016\",\"issn\":\"0965-9978\",\"doi\":\"10.1016/j.advengsoft.2015.10.003\",\"opturl\":\"http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0965997815001428\",\"url_pdf\":\"papers/dyer-ades-2016.pdf\",\"keywords\":\"ADCIRC, Finite element analysis, Hurricane storm surge, Range search, Subdomain modeling, Visualization\",\"abstract\":\"The devastation wrought by Hurricanes Katrina (2005), Ike (2008), and Sandy (2012) in recent years continues to underscore the need for better prediction and preparation in the face of storm surge and rising sea levels. Simulations of coastal flooding using physically based hydrodynamic codes like ADCIRC, while very accurate, are also computationally expensive, making them impractical for iterative design scenarios that seek to evaluate a range of countermeasures and possible failure points. We present a graphical user interface that supports local analysis of engineering design alternatives based on an exact reanalysis technique called subdomain modeling, an approach that substantially reduces the computational effort required. This interface, called the Subdomain Modeling Tool (SMT), streamlines the pre- and post-processing requirements of subdomain modeling by allowing modelers to extract regions of interest interactively and by organizing project data on the file system. Software design and implementation issues that make the approach practical, such as a novel range search algorithm, are presented. Descriptions of the overall methodology, software architecture, and performance results are given, along with a case study demonstrating its use.\",\"bibtex\":\"@article{dyer-ades-2016,\\ntitle = {{SMT}: An interface for localized storm surge modeling},\\nauthor = {Dyer, Tristan and Baugh, John},\\njournal = {Advances in Engineering Software},\\nvolume = {92},\\npages = {27-39},\\nyear = {2016},\\nissn = {0965-9978},\\ndoi = {10.1016/j.advengsoft.2015.10.003},\\nOPTurl = {{http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0965997815001428}},\\nurl_pdf = {papers/dyer-ades-2016.pdf},\\nkeywords = {ADCIRC, Finite element analysis, Hurricane storm surge,\\n  Range search, Subdomain modeling, Visualization},\\nabstract = {\\nThe devastation wrought by Hurricanes Katrina (2005), Ike (2008), and\\nSandy (2012) in recent years continues to underscore the need for\\nbetter prediction and preparation in the face of storm surge and\\nrising sea levels. Simulations of coastal flooding using physically\\nbased hydrodynamic codes like ADCIRC, while very accurate, are also\\ncomputationally expensive, making them impractical for iterative\\ndesign scenarios that seek to evaluate a range of countermeasures and\\npossible failure points. We present a graphical user interface that\\nsupports local analysis of engineering design alternatives based on an\\nexact reanalysis technique called subdomain modeling, an approach that\\nsubstantially reduces the computational effort required. This\\ninterface, called the Subdomain Modeling Tool (SMT), streamlines the\\npre- and post-processing requirements of subdomain modeling by\\nallowing modelers to extract regions of interest interactively and by\\norganizing project data on the file system. Software design and\\nimplementation issues that make the approach practical, such as a\\nnovel range search algorithm, are presented. Descriptions of the\\noverall methodology, software architecture, and performance results\\nare given, along with a case study demonstrating its use.}\\n}\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Dyer, T.\",\"Baugh, J.\"],\"key\":\"dyer-ades-2016\",\"id\":\"dyer-ades-2016\",\"bibbaseid\":\"dyer-baugh-smtaninterfaceforlocalizedstormsurgemodeling-2016\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{\" pdf\":\"https://jwbaugh.github.io/papers/dyer-ades-2016.pdf\"},\"keyword\":[\"ADCIRC\",\"Finite element analysis\",\"Hurricane storm surge\",\"Range search\",\"Subdomain modeling\",\"Visualization\"],\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{\"baugh, j\":\"https://jwbaugh.github.io/\"}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"article\",\"type\":\"article\",\"title\":\"An exact reanalysis technique for storm surge and tides in a geographic region of interest\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Baugh\"],\"firstnames\":[\"John\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Altuntas\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Alper\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Dyer\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Tristan\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Simon\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Jason\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"journal\":\"Coastal Engineering\",\"volume\":\"97\",\"pages\":\"60-77\",\"year\":\"2015\",\"issn\":\"0378-3839\",\"doi\":\"10.1016/j.coastaleng.2014.12.003\",\"opturl\":\"http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0378383914002208\",\"url_pdf\":\"papers/baugh-ceng-2015.pdf\",\"keywords\":\"ADCIRC, Hurricane, Storm surge, Subdomain modeling\",\"abstract\":\"Understanding the effects of storm surge in hurricane-prone regions is necessary for protecting public and lifeline services and improving resilience. While coastal ocean hydrodynamic models like ADCIRC may be used to assess the extent of inundation, the computational cost may be prohibitive since many local changes corresponding to design and failure scenarios would ideally be considered. We present an exact reanalysis technique and corresponding implementation that enable the assessment of local subdomain changes with less computational effort than would be required by a complete resimulation of the full domain. So long as the subdomain is large enough to fully contain the altered hydrodynamics, changes may be made and simulations performed within it without the need to calculate new boundary values. Accurate results are obtained even when subdomain boundary conditions are forced only intermittently, and convergence is demonstrated by progressively increasing the frequency at which they are applied. Descriptions of the overall methodology, performance results, and accuracy, as well as case studies, are presented.\",\"bibtex\":\"@article{baugh-ceng-2015,\\ntitle = {An exact reanalysis technique for storm surge and tides in a\\n  geographic region of interest},\\nauthor = {Baugh, John and Altuntas, Alper and Dyer, Tristan and Simon, Jason},\\njournal = {Coastal Engineering},\\nvolume = {97},\\npages = {60-77},\\nyear = {2015},\\nissn = {0378-3839},\\ndoi = {10.1016/j.coastaleng.2014.12.003},\\nOPTurl = {{http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0378383914002208}},\\nurl_pdf = {papers/baugh-ceng-2015.pdf},\\nkeywords = {ADCIRC, Hurricane, Storm surge, Subdomain modeling},\\nabstract = {\\nUnderstanding the effects of storm surge in hurricane-prone regions is\\nnecessary for protecting public and lifeline services and improving\\nresilience. While coastal ocean hydrodynamic models like ADCIRC may be\\nused to assess the extent of inundation, the computational cost may be\\nprohibitive since many local changes corresponding to design and\\nfailure scenarios would ideally be considered. We present an exact\\nreanalysis technique and corresponding implementation that enable the\\nassessment of local subdomain changes with less computational effort\\nthan would be required by a complete resimulation of the full\\ndomain. So long as the subdomain is large enough to fully contain the\\naltered hydrodynamics, changes may be made and simulations performed\\nwithin it without the need to calculate new boundary values. Accurate\\nresults are obtained even when subdomain boundary conditions are\\nforced only intermittently, and convergence is demonstrated by\\nprogressively increasing the frequency at which they are\\napplied. Descriptions of the overall methodology, performance results,\\nand accuracy, as well as case studies, are presented.}\\n}\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Baugh, J.\",\"Altuntas, A.\",\"Dyer, T.\",\"Simon, J.\"],\"key\":\"baugh-ceng-2015\",\"id\":\"baugh-ceng-2015\",\"bibbaseid\":\"baugh-altuntas-dyer-simon-anexactreanalysistechniqueforstormsurgeandtidesinageographicregionofinterest-2015\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{\" pdf\":\"https://jwbaugh.github.io/papers/baugh-ceng-2015.pdf\"},\"keyword\":[\"ADCIRC\",\"Hurricane\",\"Storm surge\",\"Subdomain modeling\"],\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{\"baugh, j\":\"https://jwbaugh.github.io/\"}},\"downloads\":2,\"html\":\"\"}],\n      metadata: {\"owner\":\"baugh, j\",\"authorlinks\":{\"baugh, j\":\"https://jwbaugh.github.io/\"}},\n      ownerID: \"o6drZpE7yZDEsaaDG\"\n    };\n  </script>\n\n  <script type=\"text/javascript\">\n  var site$;\n  if (typeof $ != 'undefined') {\n    console.log('existing jquery: storing and then restoring');\n    site$ = $;\n    $ = null;\n  }\n  </script>\n\n  <script src=\"https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/2.2.4/jquery.min.js\">\n  </script>\n  <script type=\"text/javascript\">\n  if (site$) {\n    console.log('existing jquery: avoiding conflict and restoring');\n    bb$ = $.noConflict(true);\n    $ = site$;\n  } else {\n    bb$ = $;\n  }\n  </script>\n\n  <script src=\"//bibbase.org/js/bibbase.min.js\"\n          type=\"text/javascript\">\n  </script>\n\n  <script type=\"text/javascript\"\n          src=\"https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/mathjax/2.7.1/MathJax.js?config=TeX-AMS-MML_HTMLorMML\">\n  </script>\n  <script type=\"text/x-mathjax-config\">\n    MathJax.Hub.Config({tex2jax: {inlineMath: [['$','$'], ['\\\\(','\\\\)']]},\n                        skipTags: [\"body\"],\n                        processClass: \"bibbase_paper\"});\n  </script>\n\n  <style>\n  @media print {\n    .dontprint {\n        display: none !important;\n    }\n\n  .bibbase_group {\n    background-color: #E0E0E0;\n    font-style: italic;\n    font-size: larger;\n    text-shadow: 0px 0px 3px #FFFFFF;\n    border-radius: 4px 4px 4px 4px;\n    -moz-border-radius: 4px 4px 4px 4px;\n    -webkit-border-radius: 4px;\n    padding: 5px 40px 5px;\n    margin-top: 10px;\n    margin-bottom: 5px;\n    cursor: pointer;\n  }\n\n  .bibbase_paper {\n    margin-bottom: 5px;\n  }\n\n  }\n  </style>\n\n  \n  <div style=\"float: right; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 10px; text-align: right; font-size: 12px\">\n    generated by\n    <a href=\"//bibbase.org\"\n       onclick=\"trackOutboundLink('bibbase', 'logo clicked', window.location.href, '//bibbase.org'); return false;\">\n      <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/logo.svg\"\n           style=\"vertical-align: middle; margin-left: 3px; height: 16px;\"/\n           alt=\"bibbase.org\"\n           title=\"BibBase – The easiest way to maintain your publications page.\"\n        ></a>\n    \n  </div>\n  \n\n  <div id=\"bibbase_header\" class=\"dontprint\" style=\"\">\n\n    <ul class=\"nav nav-pills\" style=\"margin: 0px;\">\n\n      <li class=\"dropdown\" id=\"groupby_dropdown\">\n      <a class=\"dropdown-toggle\"\n         data-toggle=\"dropdown\"\n         href=\"#\">\n          Group by\n          <b class=\"caret\"></b>\n      </a>\n      <ul class=\"dropdown-menu\">\n        <li class=\"groupby year\"><a onclick=\"groupby('year')\">\n            Year</a>\n        </li>\n        <li class=\"groupby author\"><a onclick=\"groupby('author_short')\">\n            Author</a>\n        </li>\n        <li class=\"groupby type\"><a onclick=\"groupby('type')\">\n            Type</a>\n        </li>\n        <li class=\"groupby keyword\"><a onclick=\"groupby('keyword')\">\n            Keyword</a>\n        </li>\n        <li class=\"groupby downloads\"><a onclick=\"groupby('downloads')\">\n            Downloads</a>\n        </li>\n      </ul>\n      </li>\n\n\n      <li class=\"dropdown\" id=\"menu_dropdown\">\n      <a class=\"dropdown-toggle\"\n         data-toggle=\"dropdown\"\n         href=\"#\" alt=\"controls\">\n          <i class=\"fa fa-reorder\" alt=\"controls\"></i>\n          <b class=\"caret\"></b>\n      </a>\n      <ul class=\"dropdown-menu\">\n        <li>\n          <a onclick=\"toggleAll()\">\n            <i class=\"fa fa-chevron-down fa-fw\"></i> Expand/Collapse All\n          </a>\n        </li>\n        <li>\n          <a download=\"jwb.bib\" href=\"data:text/bibtex;base64,@inproceedings{altuntas-vss-2025,
author = {Alper Altuntas and Allison H. Baker and John Baugh and Ganesh Gopalakrishnan and Stephen Siegel},
title = {Specification and Verification for Climate Modeling: Formalization Leading to Impactful Tooling},
booktitle = {Verification of Scientific Software (VSS 2025), a workshop of ETAPS 2025: European Joint Conferences on Theory and Practice of Software},
year = {2025},
month = may,
address = {Hamilton, Ontario, Canada},
url_pdf = {papers/altuntas-vss-2025.pdf},
abstract = {
Earth System Models (ESMs) are critical for understanding past
climates and projecting future scenarios. However, the complexity of
these models, which include large code bases, a wide community of
developers, and diverse computational platforms, poses significant
challenges for software quality assurance. The increasing adoption of
GPUs and heterogeneous architectures further complicates verification
efforts. Traditional verification methods often rely on bitwise
reproducibility, which is not always feasible, particularly under new
compilers or hardware. Manual expert evaluation, on the other hand, is
subjective and time-consuming. Formal methods offer a mathematically
rigorous alternative, yet their application in ESM development has
been limited due to the lack of climate model-specific representations
and tools. Here, we advocate for the broader adoption of formal
methods in climate modeling. In particular, we identify key aspects of
ESMs that are well suited to formal specification and introduce
abstraction approaches for a tailored framework. To demonstrate this
approach, we present a case study using CIVL model checker to formally
verify a bug fix in an ocean mixing parameterization scheme. Our goal
is to develop accessible, domain-specific formal tools that enhance
model confidence and support more efficient and reliable ESM
development.}
}



@inproceedings{wilson-rtas-2025,
author={Wilson, Kurt and Al Arafat, Abdullah and Baugh, John and Yu, Ruozhou and Guo, Zhishan},
booktitle={2025 IEEE 31st Real-Time and Embedded Technology and Applications Symposium (RTAS)}, 
title={Physics-Informed Mixed-Criticality Scheduling for {F1Tenth} Cars with Preemptable {ROS 2} Executors},
year={2025},
pages={215-227},
keywords={Mixed-Criticality Systems;Temporal Verification;Formal Methods;F1Tenth cars;UPPAAL},
doi={10.1109/RTAS65571.2025.00030},
url_pdf = {papers/wilson-rtas-2025.pdf},
abstract={
Autonomous systems are increasingly used in safety-critical domains,
including industrial automation, autonomous vehicles, and the
industrial Internet of Things. Verifying both the functional and
temporal correctness of these systems is essential to ensure safety
before deployment. However, end-to-end verification is challenging due
to the interaction of continuous-time physical processes with
discrete-time computational systems. Existing formal methods often
assume simplified or static computational models, while traditional
real-time systems focus on meeting timing constraints without
explicitly linking them to physical safety. We address this gap by
proposing a physics-informed mixed-criticality (MC) verification
framework for cyber-physical systems, which allows the integration of
computational and physical models for dynamic, fine-grained safety
assurance. Our framework incorporates feedback from the local
environment to guide criticality-based mode switching, ensuring
adaptive responses to real-time physical states rather than relying on
global worst-case assumptions. We demonstrate the feasibility of our
approach with a prototype implementation on an autonomous F1 Tenth
vehicle using preemptive EDF scheduling on ROS 2. Verification is
conducted using UPPAAL to validate system behavior, mode transitions,
and physical safety constraints. Results show that our framework
effectively manages MC requirements, enhancing responsiveness and
safety in dynamic environments.}
}



@inproceedings{wilson-hscc-2025,
author = {Wilson, Kurt and Arafat, Abdullah Al and Baugh, John and Yu, Ruozhou and Liu, Xue and Guo, Zhishan},
title = {Soteria: A Formal Digital-Twin-Enabled Framework for Safety-Assurance of Latency-Aware Cyber-Physical Systems},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the 28th ACM International Conference on Hybrid Systems: Computation and Control},
year = {2025},
isbn = {9798400715044},
publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery},
address = {New York, NY, USA},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1145/3716863.3718028},
doi = {10.1145/3716863.3718028},
articleno = {22},
numpages = {11},
keywords = {Formal Methods, Hybrid Systems and Models, Real-Time Cyber-Physical Systems, Temporal Verification},
location = {Irvine, CA, USA},
series = {HSCC '25},
url_pdf = {papers/wilson-hscc-2025.pdf},
abstract = {
Verifying the safety of latency-aware cyber-physical systems is both
critical and challenging due to the interaction between continuous
physical dynamics and discrete computational constraints. This paper
introduces SOTERIA, a formal framework that integrates digital twins
for ensuring safety in these systems. SOTERIA models both the physical
dynamics and computational behavior, enabling integrated verification
within a specific operating environment. This approach goes beyond
conventional methods that either treat physical and computational
aspects separately or rely on overly conservative worst-case
analyses. By modeling hybrid dynamics alongside computational models
and operating environments, SOTERIA verifies both functional and
timing correctness. Leveraging established verification tools, SOTERIA
determines whether end-to-end latencies meet formal specifications,
bridging the gap between computational and physical requirements. We
first introduce a simple example of a 1D adaptive cruise control
system to illustrate its effectiveness. We then present findings from
a case study using the F1Tenth racing car platform and the UPPAAL tool
to demonstrate SOTERIA's effectiveness in realistic scenarios,
enabling safety verification that was previously infeasible with
conventional schedulability analyses. This work underscores the
importance of an integrated verification approach for enhancing safety
and reliability in autonomous systems.}
}



@inproceedings{wilson-memocode-2024,
title = {Physics-Aware Mixed-Criticality Systems Design via End-to-End Verification of {CPS}},
author = {Kurt Wilson and Abdullah Al Arafat and John Baugh and Ruozhou Yu and Zhishan Guo},
booktitle = {22nd ACM-IEEE International Symposium on Formal Methods and Models for System Design (MEMOCODE)},
year = {2024},
publisher = {ACM/IEEE},
pages = {96-100},
doi = {10.1109/MEMOCODE63347.2024.00016},
url_pdf = {papers/wilson-memocode-2024.pdf},
abstract = {
Autonomous systems are heavily used in many safety-critical systems,
such as industrial automation, autonomous cars, Industrial Internet of
Things (I-IoT), etc. Verification of the functional and temporal
correctness of such systems is necessary before deployment to ensure
their safety. However, due to the presence of physical systems in the
continuous-time domain and computational models in the discrete-time
domain, end-to-end verification of these systems is highly
challenging. Existing formal methods focus on verifying physical
models assuming static or simplified computation models. In contrast,
existing real-time systems focus on satisfying strict timing bounds
but do not care how those bounds are obtained and how they relate to
physical safety. Our approach bridges these two domains, and
constitutes an end-to-end verification framework for arbitrary
physical models and computational models incorporated within a
cyber-physical automated system. By allowing the interaction between
the computational and physical models, our verification framework
enables a fine-grained scheme that verifies against the local
environment instead of verifying against global worst-case
assumptions. Moreover, to support locally varying worst-case
scenarios, a mixed-criticality system is proposed where the system
supports several critical models and switches among the modes based on
environmental uncertainty. Finally, a proof-of-concept evaluation of
the proposed framework is reported.}
}



@inproceedings{banach-icgt-2024,
title = {The `Causality' Quagmire for Formalised Bond Graphs},
author = {Banach, Richard and Baugh, John},
booktitle = {Graph Transformation},
editor = {Harmer, Russ and Kosiol, Jens},
year = {2024},
publisher = {Springer Nature Switzerland},
pages = {99-117},
url_pdf = {papers/banach-icgt-2024.pdf},
abstract = {
Bond graphs represent the structure and functionality of mechatronic
systems from a power flow perspective. Unfortunately, presentations of
bond graphs are replete with ambiguity, significantly impeding
understanding. We extend the formalisation in preceding work to
address the phenomenon of `causality', intended to help formulate
solution strategies for bond graphs, but usually presented in such
vague terms that the claims made are easily shown to be false. We show
that `causality' only works as advertised in the simplest cases, where
it mimics the mathematical definition of bond graph
semantics. Counterexamples severely limit the applicability of the
notion.}
}



@inproceedings{altuntas-iss-2023,
title = {Verifying {ParamGen}: A case study in scientific software abstraction and modeling},
author = {Altuntas, Alper and Baugh, John and Nusbaumer, Jesse},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the 2023 Improving Scientific Software Conference},
note = {{(No.~NCAR/TN-576+PROC)}},
year = {2023},
pages = {1-9},
url_pdf = {papers/altuntas-iss-2023.pdf},
doi = {10.5065/j0e4-ss70},
abstract = {
We introduce ParamGen, an infrastructure library for climate models to
generate input files that specify physics, parameterizations, and
other behavior. ParamGen supports arbitrary Python expressions for
specifying a default set of runtime parameters and values, thereby
providing a high level of expressiveness and flexibility. Initially
developed for the MOM6 ocean component in Community Earth System Model
(CESM), ParamGen is now used by several additional CESM
components. Therefore, it is of high importance that it operates
correctly, i.e., absent any undesired and unexpected behavior. To that
end, we develop an abstract verification model of ParamGen in Alloy, a
software modeling and analysis tool with a declarative language that
combines first-order logic and relational calculus. We evaluate the
correctness of ParamGen via Alloy and discuss how abstract models and
formal verification can help quickly frame questions and get answers
regarding the structure and behavior of our scientific computing
applications. We also describe our experience in coming to a cleaner
and well-formed software design and abstractions as a result of the
modeling exercise we present in this study.}
}



@inproceedings{banach-icgt-2023,
title = {Formalisation, abstraction and refinement of bond graphs},
author = {Banach, Richard and Baugh, John},
booktitle = {Graph Transformation},
editor = {Fern{\'a}ndez, Maribel and Poskitt, Christopher M.},
OPTbooktitle = {16th International Conference on Graph Transformation (ICGT)},
OPTnote = {{ICGT 2023}, {Leicester, UK}, {EATCS and IFIP WG 1.3}},
pages = {145-162},
year = {2023},
doi = {10.1007/978-3-031-36709-0_8},
publisher = {Springer Nature Switzerland},
url_pdf = {papers/banach-icgt-2023.pdf},
abstract = {
Bond graphs represent the structure and functionality of mechatronic
systems from a power flow perspective. Unfortunately, presentations
of bond graphs are replete with ambiguity, significantly impeding
understanding. A formalisation of the essentials of bond graphs is
given, together with a formalisation of bond graph transformation,
which can directly express abstraction and refinement of bond graphs.}
}



@article{zhang-jss-2023,
author = {Zhang, Miaomiao and Teng, Yu and Kong, Hui and Baugh, John and Su, Yu and Mi, Junri and Du, Bowen},
title = {Automatic modelling and verification of {Autosar} architectures},
journal = {Journal of Systems and Software},
volume = {201},
pages = {111675},
year = {2023},
doi = {10.1016/j.jss.2023.111675},
publisher = {Elsevier},
url_pdf = {papers/zhang-jss-2023.pdf},
keywords = {Vehicle electronic system, Autosar, formal modelling, timed
  automata, verification},
abstract = {
Autosar (AUTomotive Open System ARchitecture) is a development
partnership whose primary goal is the standardization of basic system
functions and functional interfaces for electronic control units in
automobiles. As an open specification, its layered software
architecture promotes the interoperability of real-time embedded
vehicle systems and components. It also opens up the possibility of
formal modelling and verification approaches, centred around the
specification, that can be used to support analysis in the early
stages of design. In this paper, we describe a methodology and
associated tool, called A2A, that automatically models systems defined
by the Autosar specifications as timed automata, and then verifies
their timing properties using Uppaal. It contains 22 groups of timed
automata templates, together with two auxiliary test templates, that
model the Autosar architecture and timing properties, allowing
time-related behaviours to be extracted from the three-layer
architecture, i.e., the Autosar Software, Autosar Runtime Environment,
and Basic Software layers, and templates to be automatically
instantiated. The timing properties are specified using timed
computation tree logic (TCTL) in Uppaal to verify the system model. We
demonstrate the capabilities of the methodology by applying it to an
Autosar architecture that describes an internal vehicle light control
system, thereby showing its effectiveness.}
}



@inproceedings{benavides-lcpc-2023,
author = {Juan Benavides and John Baugh and Ganesh Gopalakrishnan},
title = {An {HPC} practitioner's workbench for formal refinement checking},
editor = {Mendis, C. and Rauchwerger, L.},
booktitle = {Languages and Compilers for Parallel Computing, LCPC 2022},
note = {Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 13829},
OPTbooktitle = {35th International Workshop on Languages and Compilers for
  Parallel Computing ({LCPC})},
year = {2023},
doi = {10.1007/978-3-031-31445-2_5},
OPTlocation = {Chicago, IL},
pages = {64-72},
publisher = {Springer, Cham},
url_pdf = {papers/benavides-lcpc-2023.pdf},
keywords = {Formal methods, scientific computing, parallelism, Alloy},
isbn = {978-3-031-31445-2},
abstract = {
HPC practitioners make use of techniques, such as parallelism and
sparse data structures, that are difficult to reason about and debug. 
Here we explore the role of data refinement, a correct-by-construction
approach, in verifying HPC applications via bounded model checking.
We show how single program, multiple data (SPMD) parallelism can be
modeled in Alloy, a declarative specification language, and describe
common issues that arise when performing scope-complete refinement
checks in this context.}
}



@inproceedings{karrenberg-wdsa-2022,
author = {Cade Karrenberg and Juan Benavides and Emily Berglund and
  Eunsuk Kang and John Baugh},
title = {Identifying cyber-physical vulnerabilities of water distribution
  systems using finite state processes},
booktitle = {2nd International Joint Conference on Water Distribution
  System Analysis \& Computing and Control in the Water Industry,
  {WDSA CCWI 2022}},
year = {2022},
location = {Universitat Politècnica de València Valencia (Spain)},
number = {14838},
OPTdoi = {not-posted-yet},
url_pdf = {papers/karrenberg-wdsa-2022.pdf},
OPTpublisher = {not-sure},
keywords = {cyber-security, formal methods, water distribution system,
  cyberphysical system, finite state processes},
abstract = {
Modern water distribution systems (WDS) comprise not only physical
infrastructure, but also use smart meters, sensors, automated control
systems and wireless communication links to manage hydraulic processes
and water quality. Networked devices create new vulnerabilities to
cyber-attacks, in which an attacker infiltrates connected devices
through internet and network connections with potentially severe
consequences, such as creating water supply interruptions and
compromising water quality. Attention to cyber-attacks comes at a time
of notable intrusions into the computer systems that monitor and
control infrastructure, including the recent attack on a water
treatment plant in Oldsmar, Florida. This paper describes an approach
for probing a system's vulnerabilities and finding attack scenarios
that may cause a disruption, for example, by lowering the pressure in
water mains and exposing a system to harmful contaminants. Our
modelling framework uses a process calculus called Finite State
Processes (FSP), which is a formal notation that also includes a
supporting tool, Labelled Transition System Analyzer (LTSA), for
automatically checking safety and other desirable properties of
computer systems. Applying formal methods tools, most-often used in
the design and testing of hardware and software systems, to WDSs
allows us to augment traditional simulation approaches with the
exhaustive model-checking capabilities of tools such as LTSA. This
framework couples FSP with epanetCPA, which is an open-source toolbox
that can simulate attacks on a system's computer and network
components to evaluate the resulting hydraulic response. Within this
framework, we treat WDSs as a bounded state control problem to ensure,
for instance, that water levels of an elevated storage tank are always
within an acceptable range. Attacker capabilities are broadly defined
and modelled to allow communication links to be compromised through
eavesdropping and packet injection attacks. Feasible attack scenarios
are automatically identified and produced by LTSA, which generates
counterexamples to a safety property. To incorporate the physics of
WDSs into FSP, we discretize and quantize systems and calibrate
observable behaviors using Python scripts, including the package Water
Network Tool for Resilience (WNTR). Attack scenarios are simulated
with epanetCPA for purposes of validation.}
}



@article{kwag-engstruct-2021,
title = {Significance of multi-hazard risk in design of buildings
under earthquake and wind loads},
author = {Shinyoung Kwag and Abhinav Gupta and John Baugh and Hyun-Su Kim},
journal = {Engineering Structures},
volume = {243},
pages = {112623},
year = {2021},
OPTissn = {xxx},
doi = {10.1016/j.engstruct.2021.112623},
OPTurl = {https://www-sciencedirect-com.prox.lib.ncsu.edu/science/article/pii/S0141029621007732},
url_pdf = {papers/kwag-engstruct-2021.pdf},
keywords = {Earthquake and wind hazards; Performance-based design;
Risk-based multi-hazard approach; Multi-hazard risk map; Multi-hazard
scenario; Magneto-rheological damper; Adjacent buildings},
abstract = {
Traditionally, external hazards are considered in the design of a
building through the various combinations of loads prescribed in
relevant design codes and standards. It is often the case that the
design is governed by a single dominant hazard at a given geographic
location. This is particularly true for earthquake and wind hazards,
both of which impart time-dependent dynamic loads on the
structure. Engineers may nevertheless wonder if a building designed
for one of the two dominant hazards will satisfactorily withstand the
other. Prior studies have indicated that in some cases, when a
building is designed for a single dominant hazard, it does not
necessarily provide satisfactory performance against the other
hazard. In this paper, we propose a novel framework that builds upon
performance-based design requirements and determines whether the
design of a building is governed primarily by a single hazard or
multiple hazards. It integrates site-dependent hazard characteristics
with the performance criteria for a given building type and building
geometry. The framework is consistent with the burgeoning area of
probabilistic risk assessment, and yet can easily be extended to
traditional, deterministically characterized design requirements as
illustrated herein.}
}



@inproceedings{dyer-abz-2021,
title = {Sterling: A web-based visualizer for relational modeling languages},
author = {Dyer, Tristan and Baugh, John},
booktitle = {Rigorous State Based Methods. ABZ 2021},
note = {Lecture Notes in Computer Science 12709},
pages = {99-104},
address = {Cham},
year = {2021},
publisher = {Springer},
OPTisbn = {978-3-030-77543-8},
doi = {10.1007/978-3-030-77543-8_7},
url_pdf = {papers/dyer-abz-2021.pdf},
abstract = {
We introduce Sterling, a web-based visualization tool that provides
interactive views of relational models and allows users to create
custom visualizations using modern JavaScript libraries like D3 and
Cytoscape.  We outline its design goals and architecture, and describe
custom visualizations developed with Sterling that enable verification
studies of scientific software used in production.  While development
is driven primarily by the Alloy community, other relational modeling
languages are accommodated by Sterling's data agnostic architecture.}
}



@inproceedings{curri-hicss-21,
author = {Curri, Danielle and Aziz, Tarek and Baugh, John and Johnson,
  Jeremiah},
title = {Industrial Symbiosis Waste Exchange Identification and
  Optimization},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the 54th Hawaii International Conference on
  System Sciences},
year = {2021},
pages = {916-925},
url = {http://hdl.handle.net/10125/70724},
url_pdf = {papers/curri-hicss-21.pdf},
abstract = {
Industrial symbiosis is the concept that waste from industrial
processes can be diverted and then reused as inputs into co-located
industrial entities. While research to date has identified successful
examples of industrial symbiosis and characterized formation
processes, little is known about how new eco-industrial parks can be
designed and their performance optimized. In this paper, we describe
how industrial symbiosis can be modeled and optimized during the
development phase to assist in the creation of eco-industrial
parks. We present a database framework, waste exchange identification
algorithm, and Python-based optimization system that generates a
mixed-integer linear programming model to minimize the amount of
non-recycled waste produced. We illustrate the functionality of the
approach on three test cases that demonstrate increasing levels of
complexity. The optimization model can also accommodate multiple
objectives, allowing further exploration of the benefits of industrial
symbiosis at the design stage.}
}



@incollection{banach-festschrift-2020,
author = {Banach, Richard and Baugh, John},
editor = {Adamatzky, Andrew and Kendon, Vivien},
title = {A simple {Hybrid Event-B} model of an active control system for
  earthquake protection},
booktitle = {From Astrophysics to Unconventional Computation},
year = {2020},
publisher = {Springer},
address = {Cham},
series = {Emergence, Complexity and Computation},
volume = {35},
pages = {157-194},
isbn = {978-3-030-15792-0},
doi = {10.1007/978-3-030-15792-0_7},
OPT_url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-15792-0_7},
url_pdf = {papers/banach-festschrift-2020.pdf},
abstract = {
In earthquake-prone zones of the world, severe damage to buildings and
life endangering harm to people pose a major risk when severe
earthquakes happen. In recent decades, active and passive measures to
prevent building damage have been designed and deployed. A simple
model of an active damage prevention system, founded on earlier work,
is investigated from a model based formal development perspective,
using Hybrid Event-B. The non-trivial physical behaviour in the model
is readily captured within the formalism. However, when the usual
approximation and discretization techniques from engineering and
applied mathematics are used, the rather brittle refinement techniques
used in model based formal development start to break down. Despite
this, the model developed stands up well when compared via simulation
with a standard approach. The requirements of a richer formal
development framework, better able to cope with applications
exhibiting non-trivial physical elements are discussed.}
}




@inproceedings{dyer-correctness-2019,
author = {Dyer, Tristan and Altuntas, Alper and Baugh, John},
title = {Bounded verification of sparse matrix computations},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the Third International Workshop on
  Software Correctness for {HPC} Applications, {Correctness'19}},
year = {2019},
isbn = {978-1-7281-6015-3},
location = {Denver, CO, USA},
pages = {36-43},
doi = {10.1109/Correctness49594.2019.00010},
url_pdf = {papers/dyer-correctness-2019.pdf},
publisher = {IEEE/ACM},
keywords = {sparse matrix formats, state-based formal methods, mechanical
  verification},
abstract = {
We show how to model and reason about the structure and behavior of
sparse matrices, which are central to many applications in scientific
computation.  Our approach is state-based, relying on a formalism
called Alloy to show that one model is a refinement of another.  We
present examples of sparse matrix-vector multiplication, transpose,
and translation between formats using ELLPACK and compressed sparse
row formats to demonstrate the approach.  To model matrix computations
in a declarative language like Alloy, a new idiom is presented for
bounded iteration with incremental updates.  Mechanical verification
is performed using SAT solvers built into the tool.}
}



@inproceedings{altuntas-correctness-2018,
author = {Altuntas, Alper and Baugh, John},
title = {Hybrid theorem proving as a lightweight method for verifying
  numerical software},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the Second International Workshop on
  Software Correctness for {HPC} Applications, {Correctness'18}},
year = {2018},
isbn = {978-1-7281-0226-9},
location = {Dallas, TX, USA},
pages = {1-8},
doi = {10.1109/Correctness.2018.00005},
url_pdf = {papers/altuntas-correctness-2018.pdf},
publisher = {IEEE},
keywords = {hybrid systems, formal methods, scientific computation,
  KeYmaera X},
abstract = {
Large-scale numerical software requires substantial computer resources
that complicate testing and debugging. A single run of a climate model
may require many millions of core-hours and terabytes of disk space,
making trial-and-error experiments burdensome and time consuming. In
this study, we apply hybrid theorem proving from the field of
cyber-physical systems to problems in scientific computation, and show
how to verify the correctness of discrete updates that appear in the
simulation of continuous physical systems. By viewing numerical
software as a hybrid system that combines discrete and continuous
behavior, test coverage and confidence in findings can be
increased. We describe abstraction approaches for modeling numerical
software and demonstrate the applicability of the approach in a case
study that reproduces undesirable behavior encountered in a
parameterization scheme, called the K-profile parameterization, widely
used in ocean components of large-scale climate models. We then
identify and model a fix in the configuration of the scheme, and
verify that the undesired behavior is eliminated for all possible
execution sequences. We conclude that hybrid theorem proving is an
effective and efficient approach that can be used to verify and reason
about properties of large-scale numerical software.}
}



@article{liu-ecs-2018,
title = {Numerical study on factors influencing typhoon-induced storm
surge distribution in {Zhanjiang Harbor}},
author = {Xing Liu and Wensheng Jiang and Bo Yang and John Baugh},
journal = {Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science},
volume = {215},
pages = {39-51},
year = {2018},
issn = {0272-7714},
doi = {10.1016/j.ecss.2018.09.019},
OPTurl = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S027277141830009X},
url_pdf = {papers/liu-ecs-2018.pdf},
keywords = {Local atmospheric effect, Remote atmospheric effect, Storm
  surge, Spatial distribution, Sea level rise, Typhoon track},
abstract = {
A 2-D unstructured finite element model is used to study how local and
remote atmospheric forcing, sea level rise, and shoreline variation
affect typhoon-induced storm surge in a small shallow bay, Zhanjiang
Harbor (ZH). In this research, the spatial distribution of storm surge
is divided into three patterns in ZH, denoted E-W, N-S, and S-N, using
a quantitative method. In the Bay, local atmospheric effects (LAE) and
remote atmospheric effects (RAE) both play important roles in the
maximum residual water level. The contribution of RAE to the inflow is
higher than that of the LAE, but the former is less important in the
spatial distribution in ZH. In addition, the typhoon track influences
the time of occurrence of the maximum surge by forcing the outer
waters to ZH, then the spatial distribution of the surge residual in
the bay is controlled by local winds, and different regions are
threatened during different kinds of storm surge processes. Two sea
level rise scenarios are set up in the paper as well, and the results
show that the trends of the changes in LAE and RAE in the inner-bay
are the opposite in the case of sea level rise; however, the total
changes of the distribution are not the same in different
categories. In general, the E-W category storm surge is weakened,
while the N-S and S-N category storm surges have inverse changes in
the north and south of ZH. There is a downward trend of the maximum
surge gradient within the Bay, but relative to sea level rise itself
this effect is not obvious. The establishment of the sea embankment
increased the storm surge within the bay though it is not significant.}
}



@inproceedings{baugh-abz-2018,
title = {State-based formal methods in scientific computation},
author = {Baugh, John and Dyer, Tristan},
OPTeditor = {Butler, Michael and Raschke, Alexander and Hoang, Thai Son
  and Reichl, Klaus},
booktitle = {Abstract State Machines, Alloy, B, TLA, VDM, and Z: 6th
  International Conference, ABZ 2018},
note = {Lecture Notes in Computer Science 10817},
pages = {392-396},
address = {Cham},
year = {2018},
publisher = {Springer},
isbn = {978-3-319-91271-4},
doi = {10.1007/978-3-319-91271-4_29},
url_pdf = {papers/baugh-abz-2018.pdf},
abstract = {
Control systems, protocols, and hardware design are among the most
common applications of state-based formal methods, and yet the types
of modeling and analysis they enable are also well-suited to problems
in scientific computation, where quality, reproducibility, and
productivity are growing concerns. We survey the challenges faced by
developers of scientific software, characterize the nature of the
programs they write, and offer some perspective on the role that
state-based methods can play in scientific domains.}
}                  



@article{baugh-scp-2018,
title = {Formal methods and finite element analysis of hurricane storm
  surge: A case study in software verification},
author = {John Baugh and Alper Altuntas},
journal = {Science of Computer Programming},
volume = {158},
pages = {100-121},
year = {2018},
OPTnote = {Abstract State Machines, Alloy, B, TLA, VDM and Z (ABZ 2016)},
issn = {0167-6423},
doi = {10.1016/j.scico.2017.08.012},
OPTurl = {{http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167642317301715}},
url_pdf = {papers/baugh-scp-2018.pdf},
keywords = {Formal methods, Model checking, Scientific computing,
  Earth and atmospheric sciences},
abstract = {
Used to predict the effects of hurricane storm surge, ocean
circulation models are essential tools for evacuation planning,
vulnerability assessment, and infrastructure design.  Implemented as
numerical solvers that operate on large-scale datasets, these models
determine the geographic extent and severity of coastal floods and
other impacts.  In this study, we look at an ocean circulation model
used in production and an extension made to it that offers substantial
performance gains.  To explore implementation choices and ensure
soundness of the extension, we make use of Alloy, a declarative
modeling language with tool support and an automatic form of analysis
performed within a bounded scope using a SAT solver.  Abstractions for
relevant parts of the ocean circulation model are presented, including
the physical representation of land and seafloor surfaces as a finite
element mesh, and an algorithm operating on it that allows for the
propagation of overland flows.  The approach allows us to draw useful
conclusions about implementation choices and guarantees about the
extension, in particular that it is equivalence preserving.}
}



@inproceedings{altuntas-correctness-2017,
author = {Altuntas, Alper and Baugh, John},
title = {Verifying concurrency in an adaptive ocean circulation model},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the First International Workshop on
  Software Correctness for {HPC} Applications, {Correctness'17}},
year = {2017},
isbn = {978-1-4503-5127-0},
location = {Denver, CO, USA},
pages = {1-7},
doi = {10.1145/3145344.3145346},
OPTurl = {{http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/3145344.3145346}},
url_pdf = {papers/altuntas-correctness-2017.pdf},
acmid = {3145346},
publisher = {ACM},
OPTaddress = {New York, NY, USA},
keywords = {Scientific computing, concurrency, finite element
  analysis, hurricane storm surge, model checking},
abstract = {
We present a model checking approach for verifying the correctness of
concurrency in numerical models.  The forms of concurrency we address
are from (1) coupled modeling where distinct components, e.g., ocean,
wave, and atmospheric, exchange interface conditions during runtime,
and (2) multi-instance modeling where local variations of the same
numerical model are executed concurrently to minimize common (and
therefore redundant) computations. We present general guidelines for
representing these forms of concurrency in an abstract verification
model and then apply them to an adaptive ocean circulation model that
determines the geographic extent and severity of coastal floods. The
ocean model employs multi-instance concurrency: a collection of
engineering design and failure scenarios are concurrently simulated
using patches, regions of a grid that grow and shrink based on the
hydrodynamic changes induced by each scenario. We show how concurrency
inherent in the simulation model can be represented in a verification
model to ensure correctness and to automatically generate safe
synchronization arrangements.}
}



@article{altuntas-ocemod-2017,
title = {Adaptive subdomain modeling: A multi-analysis technique for
  ocean circulation models},
author = {Alper Altuntas and John Baugh},
journal = {Ocean Modelling},
volume = {115},
pages = {86-104},
year = {2017},
issn = {1463-5003},
doi = {10.1016/j.ocemod.2017.05.009},
OPTurl = {{http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S146350031730080X}},
url_pdf = {papers/altuntas-ocemod-2017.pdf},
keywords = {Storm surge, Adaptive algorithm, Subdomain modeling,
  Moving boundaries, ADCIRC},
abstract = {
Many coastal and ocean processes of interest operate over large
temporal and geographical scales and require a substantial amount of
computational resources, particularly when engineering design and
failure scenarios are also considered. This study presents an adaptive
multi-analysis technique that improves the efficiency of these
computations when multiple alternatives are being simulated.  The
technique, called adaptive subdomain modeling, concurrently analyzes
any number of child domains, with each instance corresponding to a
unique design or failure scenario, in addition to a full-scale parent
domain providing the boundary conditions for its children.  To contain
the altered hydrodynamics originating from the modifications, the
spatial extent of each child domain is adaptively adjusted during
runtime depending on the response of the model. The technique is
incorporated in ADCIRC++, a re-implementation of the popular ADCIRC
ocean circulation model with an updated software architecture designed
to facilitate this adaptive behavior and to utilize concurrent
executions of multiple domains. The results of our case studies
confirm that the method substantially reduces computational effort
while maintaining accuracy.}
}



@article{baugh-istruc-2016,
title = {A general characterization of the {Hardy} {Cross} method as
  sequential and multiprocess algorithms},
author = {Baugh, John and Liu, Shu},
journal = {Structures},
volume = {6},
pages = {170-181},
year = {2016},
issn = {2352-0124},
doi = {10.1016/j.istruc.2016.03.004},
OPTurl = {{https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352012416300054}},
url_pdf = {papers/baugh-istruc-2016.pdf},
keywords = {Algorithms, Concurrency, Convergence, Hardy Cross method,
  Moment distribution},
abstract = {
The Hardy Cross method of moment distribution admits, for any problem,
an entire family of distribution sequences.  Intuitively, the method
involves clamping the joints of beams and frames against rotation and
balancing moments iteratively, whether consecutively, simultaneously,
or in some combination of the two. We present common versions of the
moment distribution algorithm and generalizations of them as both
sequential and multiprocess algorithms, with the latter exhibiting the
full range of asynchronous behavior allowed by the method.  We prove,
in the limit, that processes so defined converge to the same unique
solution regardless of the distribution sequence or interleaving of
steps. In defining the algorithms, we avoid overspecifying the order
of computation initially using a sequential, nondeterministic process,
and then more generally using concurrent processes.}
}



@inproceedings{baugh-abz-2016,
title = {Modeling a discrete wet-dry algorithm for hurricane storm
  surge in {Alloy}},
author = {Baugh, John and Altuntas, Alper},
OPTeditor = {Butler, Michael and Schewe, Klaus-Dieter and Mashkoor, Atif
  and Biro, Miklos},
booktitle = {Abstract State Machines, Alloy, B, TLA, VDM, and Z: 5th
  International Conference, ABZ 2016},
note = {Lecture Notes in Computer Science 9675},
pages = {256-261},
address = {Cham},
year = {2016},
publisher = {Springer},
isbn = {978-3-319-33600-8},
doi = {10.1007/978-3-319-33600-8_18},
url_pdf = {papers/baugh-abz-2016.pdf},
abstract = {
We describe an Alloy model that helps check the correctness of a
discrete wet-dry algorithm used in a system for hurricane storm surge
prediction. Derived from simplified physics and encoded with empirical
rules, the algorithm operates on a finite element mesh to allow the
propagation of overland flows. Our study is motivated by complex
interactions between the algorithm and a recent performance
enhancement to the system that involves mesh partitioning. We briefly
outline our approach and describe safety properties of the extension,
as well as directions for future work.}
}



@article{dyer-ades-2016,
title = {{SMT}: An interface for localized storm surge modeling},
author = {Dyer, Tristan and Baugh, John},
journal = {Advances in Engineering Software},
volume = {92},
pages = {27-39},
year = {2016},
issn = {0965-9978},
doi = {10.1016/j.advengsoft.2015.10.003},
OPTurl = {{http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0965997815001428}},
url_pdf = {papers/dyer-ades-2016.pdf},
keywords = {ADCIRC, Finite element analysis, Hurricane storm surge,
  Range search, Subdomain modeling, Visualization},
abstract = {
The devastation wrought by Hurricanes Katrina (2005), Ike (2008), and
Sandy (2012) in recent years continues to underscore the need for
better prediction and preparation in the face of storm surge and
rising sea levels. Simulations of coastal flooding using physically
based hydrodynamic codes like ADCIRC, while very accurate, are also
computationally expensive, making them impractical for iterative
design scenarios that seek to evaluate a range of countermeasures and
possible failure points. We present a graphical user interface that
supports local analysis of engineering design alternatives based on an
exact reanalysis technique called subdomain modeling, an approach that
substantially reduces the computational effort required. This
interface, called the Subdomain Modeling Tool (SMT), streamlines the
pre- and post-processing requirements of subdomain modeling by
allowing modelers to extract regions of interest interactively and by
organizing project data on the file system. Software design and
implementation issues that make the approach practical, such as a
novel range search algorithm, are presented. Descriptions of the
overall methodology, software architecture, and performance results
are given, along with a case study demonstrating its use.}
}



@article{baugh-ceng-2015,
title = {An exact reanalysis technique for storm surge and tides in a
  geographic region of interest},
author = {Baugh, John and Altuntas, Alper and Dyer, Tristan and Simon, Jason},
journal = {Coastal Engineering},
volume = {97},
pages = {60-77},
year = {2015},
issn = {0378-3839},
doi = {10.1016/j.coastaleng.2014.12.003},
OPTurl = {{http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0378383914002208}},
url_pdf = {papers/baugh-ceng-2015.pdf},
keywords = {ADCIRC, Hurricane, Storm surge, Subdomain modeling},
abstract = {
Understanding the effects of storm surge in hurricane-prone regions is
necessary for protecting public and lifeline services and improving
resilience. While coastal ocean hydrodynamic models like ADCIRC may be
used to assess the extent of inundation, the computational cost may be
prohibitive since many local changes corresponding to design and
failure scenarios would ideally be considered. We present an exact
reanalysis technique and corresponding implementation that enable the
assessment of local subdomain changes with less computational effort
than would be required by a complete resimulation of the full
domain. So long as the subdomain is large enough to fully contain the
altered hydrodynamics, changes may be made and simulations performed
within it without the need to calculate new boundary values. Accurate
results are obtained even when subdomain boundary conditions are
forced only intermittently, and convergence is demonstrated by
progressively increasing the frequency at which they are
applied. Descriptions of the overall methodology, performance results,
and accuracy, as well as case studies, are presented.}
}

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In order to keep using Mendeley with BibBase past April\n        14th, you need to:\n        <ol>\n          <li>renew the authorization for BibBase on Mendeley, and</li>\n          <li>update the BibBase URL\n            in your page the same way you did when you initially set up\n            this page.\n          </li>\n        </ol>\n      </p>\n\n      <p>\n        <a href=\"http://bibbase.org/cgi-bin/mendeley2/get.py\">\n          <i class=\"fa fa-angle-double-right\"></i>\n          Fix it now</a>\n      </p>\n    </div>\n\n  </div>\n\n\n  <div id=\"bibbase_body\">\n    \n  \n  <div class=\"bibbase_group_whole\" id=\"group_2025\">\n    <div class=\"bibbase_group\"\n      onclick=\"toggleGroup('group_2025')\"\n      onkeypress=\"toggleGroup('group_2025')\"\n      tabindex=\"0\">\n      <i class=\"fa fa-angle-down bibbase_group_head_icon\"></i>&nbsp;\n      <span>2025</span>\n      <span class=\"bibbase_group_count\">\n        \n        (3)\n        \n      </span>\n    </div>\n    <div class=\"bibbase_group_body\">\n      \n  \n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"altuntas-baker-baugh-gopalakrishnan-siegel-specificationandverificationforclimatemodelingformalizationleadingtoimpactfultooling-2025\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"https://jwbaugh.github.io/papers/altuntas-vss-2025.pdf\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'altuntas-baker-baugh-gopalakrishnan-siegel-specificationandverificationforclimatemodelingformalizationleadingtoimpactfultooling-2025', 'https://jwbaugh.github.io/papers/altuntas-vss-2025.pdf', event);\">\n    Specification and Verification for Climate Modeling: Formalization Leading to Impactful Tooling.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Altuntas, A.; Baker, A. H.; <a class=\"bibbase author link\" href=\"https://jwbaugh.github.io/\">Baugh, J.</a>; Gopalakrishnan, G.;  and Siegel, S.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  In <i>Verification of Scientific Software (VSS 2025), a workshop of ETAPS 2025: European Joint Conferences on Theory and Practice of Software</i>, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada, May 2025. \n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"https://jwbaugh.github.io/papers/altuntas-vss-2025.pdf\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('altuntas-baker-baugh-gopalakrishnan-siegel-specificationandverificationforclimatemodelingformalizationleadingtoimpactfultooling-2025', 'https://jwbaugh.github.io/papers/altuntas-vss-2025.pdf', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/pdf.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"Specification and Verification for Climate Modeling: Formalization Leading to Impactful Tooling [pdf]\"\n       title=\" pdf\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\"> pdf</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/altuntas-baker-baugh-gopalakrishnan-siegel-specificationandverificationforclimatemodelingformalizationleadingtoimpactfultooling-2025\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <span class=\"bibbase_stats_paper\" style=\"color: #777;\">\n    <span>3 downloads</span>\n  </span>\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('altuntas-baker-baugh-gopalakrishnan-siegel-specificationandverificationforclimatemodelingformalizationleadingtoimpactfultooling-2025')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@inproceedings{altuntas-vss-2025,\nauthor = {Alper Altuntas and Allison H. Baker and John Baugh and Ganesh Gopalakrishnan and Stephen Siegel},\ntitle = {Specification and Verification for Climate Modeling: Formalization Leading to Impactful Tooling},\nbooktitle = {Verification of Scientific Software (VSS 2025), a workshop of ETAPS 2025: European Joint Conferences on Theory and Practice of Software},\nyear = {2025},\nmonth = may,\naddress = {Hamilton, Ontario, Canada},\nurl_pdf = {papers/altuntas-vss-2025.pdf},\nabstract = {\nEarth System Models (ESMs) are critical for understanding past\nclimates and projecting future scenarios. However, the complexity of\nthese models, which include large code bases, a wide community of\ndevelopers, and diverse computational platforms, poses significant\nchallenges for software quality assurance. The increasing adoption of\nGPUs and heterogeneous architectures further complicates verification\nefforts. Traditional verification methods often rely on bitwise\nreproducibility, which is not always feasible, particularly under new\ncompilers or hardware. Manual expert evaluation, on the other hand, is\nsubjective and time-consuming. Formal methods offer a mathematically\nrigorous alternative, yet their application in ESM development has\nbeen limited due to the lack of climate model-specific representations\nand tools. Here, we advocate for the broader adoption of formal\nmethods in climate modeling. In particular, we identify key aspects of\nESMs that are well suited to formal specification and introduce\nabstraction approaches for a tailored framework. To demonstrate this\napproach, we present a case study using CIVL model checker to formally\nverify a bug fix in an ocean mixing parameterization scheme. Our goal\nis to develop accessible, domain-specific formal tools that enhance\nmodel confidence and support more efficient and reliable ESM\ndevelopment.}\n}\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  Earth System Models (ESMs) are critical for understanding past climates and projecting future scenarios. However, the complexity of these models, which include large code bases, a wide community of developers, and diverse computational platforms, poses significant challenges for software quality assurance. The increasing adoption of GPUs and heterogeneous architectures further complicates verification efforts. Traditional verification methods often rely on bitwise reproducibility, which is not always feasible, particularly under new compilers or hardware. Manual expert evaluation, on the other hand, is subjective and time-consuming. Formal methods offer a mathematically rigorous alternative, yet their application in ESM development has been limited due to the lack of climate model-specific representations and tools. Here, we advocate for the broader adoption of formal methods in climate modeling. In particular, we identify key aspects of ESMs that are well suited to formal specification and introduce abstraction approaches for a tailored framework. To demonstrate this approach, we present a case study using CIVL model checker to formally verify a bug fix in an ocean mixing parameterization scheme. Our goal is to develop accessible, domain-specific formal tools that enhance model confidence and support more efficient and reliable ESM development.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"wilson-alarafat-baugh-yu-guo-physicsinformedmixedcriticalityschedulingforf1tenthcarswithpreemptableros2executors-2025\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"https://jwbaugh.github.io/papers/wilson-rtas-2025.pdf\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'wilson-alarafat-baugh-yu-guo-physicsinformedmixedcriticalityschedulingforf1tenthcarswithpreemptableros2executors-2025', 'https://jwbaugh.github.io/papers/wilson-rtas-2025.pdf', event);\">\n    Physics-Informed Mixed-Criticality Scheduling for F1Tenth Cars with Preemptable ROS 2 Executors.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Wilson, K.; Al Arafat, A.; <a class=\"bibbase author link\" href=\"https://jwbaugh.github.io/\">Baugh, J.</a>; Yu, R.;  and Guo, Z.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  In <i>2025 IEEE 31st Real-Time and Embedded Technology and Applications Symposium (RTAS)</i>, pages 215-227,  2025. \n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"https://jwbaugh.github.io/papers/wilson-rtas-2025.pdf\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('wilson-alarafat-baugh-yu-guo-physicsinformedmixedcriticalityschedulingforf1tenthcarswithpreemptableros2executors-2025', 'https://jwbaugh.github.io/papers/wilson-rtas-2025.pdf', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/pdf.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"Physics-Informed Mixed-Criticality Scheduling for F1Tenth Cars with Preemptable ROS 2 Executors [pdf]\"\n       title=\" pdf\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\"> pdf</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.org/10.1109/RTAS65571.2025.00030\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('wilson-alarafat-baugh-yu-guo-physicsinformedmixedcriticalityschedulingforf1tenthcarswithpreemptableros2executors-2025', 'http://doi.org/10.1109/RTAS65571.2025.00030', event.ctrlKey)\"\n     class=\"bibbase doi link\">\n    <span>doi</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/wilson-alarafat-baugh-yu-guo-physicsinformedmixedcriticalityschedulingforf1tenthcarswithpreemptableros2executors-2025\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <span class=\"bibbase_stats_paper\" style=\"color: #777;\">\n    <span>2 downloads</span>\n  </span>\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('wilson-alarafat-baugh-yu-guo-physicsinformedmixedcriticalityschedulingforf1tenthcarswithpreemptableros2executors-2025')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@inproceedings{wilson-rtas-2025,\nauthor={Wilson, Kurt and Al Arafat, Abdullah and Baugh, John and Yu, Ruozhou and Guo, Zhishan},\nbooktitle={2025 IEEE 31st Real-Time and Embedded Technology and Applications Symposium (RTAS)}, \ntitle={Physics-Informed Mixed-Criticality Scheduling for {F1Tenth} Cars with Preemptable {ROS 2} Executors},\nyear={2025},\npages={215-227},\nkeywords={Mixed-Criticality Systems;Temporal Verification;Formal Methods;F1Tenth cars;UPPAAL},\ndoi={10.1109/RTAS65571.2025.00030},\nurl_pdf = {papers/wilson-rtas-2025.pdf},\nabstract={\nAutonomous systems are increasingly used in safety-critical domains,\nincluding industrial automation, autonomous vehicles, and the\nindustrial Internet of Things. Verifying both the functional and\ntemporal correctness of these systems is essential to ensure safety\nbefore deployment. However, end-to-end verification is challenging due\nto the interaction of continuous-time physical processes with\ndiscrete-time computational systems. Existing formal methods often\nassume simplified or static computational models, while traditional\nreal-time systems focus on meeting timing constraints without\nexplicitly linking them to physical safety. We address this gap by\nproposing a physics-informed mixed-criticality (MC) verification\nframework for cyber-physical systems, which allows the integration of\ncomputational and physical models for dynamic, fine-grained safety\nassurance. Our framework incorporates feedback from the local\nenvironment to guide criticality-based mode switching, ensuring\nadaptive responses to real-time physical states rather than relying on\nglobal worst-case assumptions. We demonstrate the feasibility of our\napproach with a prototype implementation on an autonomous F1 Tenth\nvehicle using preemptive EDF scheduling on ROS 2. Verification is\nconducted using UPPAAL to validate system behavior, mode transitions,\nand physical safety constraints. Results show that our framework\neffectively manages MC requirements, enhancing responsiveness and\nsafety in dynamic environments.}\n}\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  Autonomous systems are increasingly used in safety-critical domains, including industrial automation, autonomous vehicles, and the industrial Internet of Things. Verifying both the functional and temporal correctness of these systems is essential to ensure safety before deployment. However, end-to-end verification is challenging due to the interaction of continuous-time physical processes with discrete-time computational systems. Existing formal methods often assume simplified or static computational models, while traditional real-time systems focus on meeting timing constraints without explicitly linking them to physical safety. We address this gap by proposing a physics-informed mixed-criticality (MC) verification framework for cyber-physical systems, which allows the integration of computational and physical models for dynamic, fine-grained safety assurance. Our framework incorporates feedback from the local environment to guide criticality-based mode switching, ensuring adaptive responses to real-time physical states rather than relying on global worst-case assumptions. We demonstrate the feasibility of our approach with a prototype implementation on an autonomous F1 Tenth vehicle using preemptive EDF scheduling on ROS 2. Verification is conducted using UPPAAL to validate system behavior, mode transitions, and physical safety constraints. Results show that our framework effectively manages MC requirements, enhancing responsiveness and safety in dynamic environments.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"wilson-arafat-baugh-yu-liu-guo-soteriaaformaldigitaltwinenabledframeworkforsafetyassuranceoflatencyawarecyberphysicalsystems-2025\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"https://jwbaugh.github.io/papers/wilson-hscc-2025.pdf\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'wilson-arafat-baugh-yu-liu-guo-soteriaaformaldigitaltwinenabledframeworkforsafetyassuranceoflatencyawarecyberphysicalsystems-2025', 'https://jwbaugh.github.io/papers/wilson-hscc-2025.pdf', event);\">\n    Soteria: A Formal Digital-Twin-Enabled Framework for Safety-Assurance of Latency-Aware Cyber-Physical Systems.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Wilson, K.; Arafat, A. A.; <a class=\"bibbase author link\" href=\"https://jwbaugh.github.io/\">Baugh, J.</a>; Yu, R.; Liu, X.;  and Guo, Z.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  In <i>Proceedings of the 28th ACM International Conference on Hybrid Systems: Computation and Control</i>, of <i>HSCC '25</i>, New York, NY, USA,  2025. Association for Computing Machinery\n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1145/3716863.3718028\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('wilson-arafat-baugh-yu-liu-guo-soteriaaformaldigitaltwinenabledframeworkforsafetyassuranceoflatencyawarecyberphysicalsystems-2025', 'https://doi.org/10.1145/3716863.3718028', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"Soteria: A Formal Digital-Twin-Enabled Framework for Safety-Assurance of Latency-Aware Cyber-Physical Systems [link]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  <a href=\"https://jwbaugh.github.io/papers/wilson-hscc-2025.pdf\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('wilson-arafat-baugh-yu-liu-guo-soteriaaformaldigitaltwinenabledframeworkforsafetyassuranceoflatencyawarecyberphysicalsystems-2025', 'https://jwbaugh.github.io/papers/wilson-hscc-2025.pdf', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/pdf.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"Soteria: A Formal Digital-Twin-Enabled Framework for Safety-Assurance of Latency-Aware Cyber-Physical Systems [pdf]\"\n       title=\" pdf\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\"> pdf</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.org/10.1145/3716863.3718028\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('wilson-arafat-baugh-yu-liu-guo-soteriaaformaldigitaltwinenabledframeworkforsafetyassuranceoflatencyawarecyberphysicalsystems-2025', 'http://doi.org/10.1145/3716863.3718028', event.ctrlKey)\"\n     class=\"bibbase doi link\">\n    <span>doi</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/wilson-arafat-baugh-yu-liu-guo-soteriaaformaldigitaltwinenabledframeworkforsafetyassuranceoflatencyawarecyberphysicalsystems-2025\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <span class=\"bibbase_stats_paper\" style=\"color: #777;\">\n    <span>2 downloads</span>\n  </span>\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('wilson-arafat-baugh-yu-liu-guo-soteriaaformaldigitaltwinenabledframeworkforsafetyassuranceoflatencyawarecyberphysicalsystems-2025')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@inproceedings{wilson-hscc-2025,\nauthor = {Wilson, Kurt and Arafat, Abdullah Al and Baugh, John and Yu, Ruozhou and Liu, Xue and Guo, Zhishan},\ntitle = {Soteria: A Formal Digital-Twin-Enabled Framework for Safety-Assurance of Latency-Aware Cyber-Physical Systems},\nbooktitle = {Proceedings of the 28th ACM International Conference on Hybrid Systems: Computation and Control},\nyear = {2025},\nisbn = {9798400715044},\npublisher = {Association for Computing Machinery},\naddress = {New York, NY, USA},\nurl = {https://doi.org/10.1145/3716863.3718028},\ndoi = {10.1145/3716863.3718028},\narticleno = {22},\nnumpages = {11},\nkeywords = {Formal Methods, Hybrid Systems and Models, Real-Time Cyber-Physical Systems, Temporal Verification},\nlocation = {Irvine, CA, USA},\nseries = {HSCC &#x27;25},\nurl_pdf = {papers/wilson-hscc-2025.pdf},\nabstract = {\nVerifying the safety of latency-aware cyber-physical systems is both\ncritical and challenging due to the interaction between continuous\nphysical dynamics and discrete computational constraints. This paper\nintroduces SOTERIA, a formal framework that integrates digital twins\nfor ensuring safety in these systems. SOTERIA models both the physical\ndynamics and computational behavior, enabling integrated verification\nwithin a specific operating environment. This approach goes beyond\nconventional methods that either treat physical and computational\naspects separately or rely on overly conservative worst-case\nanalyses. By modeling hybrid dynamics alongside computational models\nand operating environments, SOTERIA verifies both functional and\ntiming correctness. Leveraging established verification tools, SOTERIA\ndetermines whether end-to-end latencies meet formal specifications,\nbridging the gap between computational and physical requirements. We\nfirst introduce a simple example of a 1D adaptive cruise control\nsystem to illustrate its effectiveness. We then present findings from\na case study using the F1Tenth racing car platform and the UPPAAL tool\nto demonstrate SOTERIA&#x27;s effectiveness in realistic scenarios,\nenabling safety verification that was previously infeasible with\nconventional schedulability analyses. This work underscores the\nimportance of an integrated verification approach for enhancing safety\nand reliability in autonomous systems.}\n}\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  Verifying the safety of latency-aware cyber-physical systems is both critical and challenging due to the interaction between continuous physical dynamics and discrete computational constraints. This paper introduces SOTERIA, a formal framework that integrates digital twins for ensuring safety in these systems. SOTERIA models both the physical dynamics and computational behavior, enabling integrated verification within a specific operating environment. This approach goes beyond conventional methods that either treat physical and computational aspects separately or rely on overly conservative worst-case analyses. By modeling hybrid dynamics alongside computational models and operating environments, SOTERIA verifies both functional and timing correctness. Leveraging established verification tools, SOTERIA determines whether end-to-end latencies meet formal specifications, bridging the gap between computational and physical requirements. We first introduce a simple example of a 1D adaptive cruise control system to illustrate its effectiveness. We then present findings from a case study using the F1Tenth racing car platform and the UPPAAL tool to demonstrate SOTERIA's effectiveness in realistic scenarios, enabling safety verification that was previously infeasible with conventional schedulability analyses. This work underscores the importance of an integrated verification approach for enhancing safety and reliability in autonomous systems.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n\n\n\n    </div>\n  </div>\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_group_whole\" id=\"group_2024\">\n    <div class=\"bibbase_group\"\n      onclick=\"toggleGroup('group_2024')\"\n      onkeypress=\"toggleGroup('group_2024')\"\n      tabindex=\"0\">\n      <i class=\"fa fa-angle-down bibbase_group_head_icon\"></i>&nbsp;\n      <span>2024</span>\n      <span class=\"bibbase_group_count\">\n        \n        (2)\n        \n      </span>\n    </div>\n    <div class=\"bibbase_group_body\">\n      \n  \n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"wilson-arafat-baugh-yu-guo-physicsawaremixedcriticalitysystemsdesignviaendtoendverificationofcps-2024\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"https://jwbaugh.github.io/papers/wilson-memocode-2024.pdf\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'wilson-arafat-baugh-yu-guo-physicsawaremixedcriticalitysystemsdesignviaendtoendverificationofcps-2024', 'https://jwbaugh.github.io/papers/wilson-memocode-2024.pdf', event);\">\n    Physics-Aware Mixed-Criticality Systems Design via End-to-End Verification of CPS.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Wilson, K.; Arafat, A. A.; <a class=\"bibbase author link\" href=\"https://jwbaugh.github.io/\">Baugh, J.</a>; Yu, R.;  and Guo, Z.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  In <i>22nd ACM-IEEE International Symposium on Formal Methods and Models for System Design (MEMOCODE)</i>, pages 96-100,  2024. ACM/IEEE\n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"https://jwbaugh.github.io/papers/wilson-memocode-2024.pdf\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('wilson-arafat-baugh-yu-guo-physicsawaremixedcriticalitysystemsdesignviaendtoendverificationofcps-2024', 'https://jwbaugh.github.io/papers/wilson-memocode-2024.pdf', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/pdf.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"Physics-Aware Mixed-Criticality Systems Design via End-to-End Verification of CPS [pdf]\"\n       title=\" pdf\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\"> pdf</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.org/10.1109/MEMOCODE63347.2024.00016\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('wilson-arafat-baugh-yu-guo-physicsawaremixedcriticalitysystemsdesignviaendtoendverificationofcps-2024', 'http://doi.org/10.1109/MEMOCODE63347.2024.00016', event.ctrlKey)\"\n     class=\"bibbase doi link\">\n    <span>doi</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/wilson-arafat-baugh-yu-guo-physicsawaremixedcriticalitysystemsdesignviaendtoendverificationofcps-2024\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <span class=\"bibbase_stats_paper\" style=\"color: #777;\">\n    <span>6 downloads</span>\n  </span>\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('wilson-arafat-baugh-yu-guo-physicsawaremixedcriticalitysystemsdesignviaendtoendverificationofcps-2024')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@inproceedings{wilson-memocode-2024,\ntitle = {Physics-Aware Mixed-Criticality Systems Design via End-to-End Verification of {CPS}},\nauthor = {Kurt Wilson and Abdullah Al Arafat and John Baugh and Ruozhou Yu and Zhishan Guo},\nbooktitle = {22nd ACM-IEEE International Symposium on Formal Methods and Models for System Design (MEMOCODE)},\nyear = {2024},\npublisher = {ACM/IEEE},\npages = {96-100},\ndoi = {10.1109/MEMOCODE63347.2024.00016},\nurl_pdf = {papers/wilson-memocode-2024.pdf},\nabstract = {\nAutonomous systems are heavily used in many safety-critical systems,\nsuch as industrial automation, autonomous cars, Industrial Internet of\nThings (I-IoT), etc. Verification of the functional and temporal\ncorrectness of such systems is necessary before deployment to ensure\ntheir safety. However, due to the presence of physical systems in the\ncontinuous-time domain and computational models in the discrete-time\ndomain, end-to-end verification of these systems is highly\nchallenging. Existing formal methods focus on verifying physical\nmodels assuming static or simplified computation models. In contrast,\nexisting real-time systems focus on satisfying strict timing bounds\nbut do not care how those bounds are obtained and how they relate to\nphysical safety. Our approach bridges these two domains, and\nconstitutes an end-to-end verification framework for arbitrary\nphysical models and computational models incorporated within a\ncyber-physical automated system. By allowing the interaction between\nthe computational and physical models, our verification framework\nenables a fine-grained scheme that verifies against the local\nenvironment instead of verifying against global worst-case\nassumptions. Moreover, to support locally varying worst-case\nscenarios, a mixed-criticality system is proposed where the system\nsupports several critical models and switches among the modes based on\nenvironmental uncertainty. Finally, a proof-of-concept evaluation of\nthe proposed framework is reported.}\n}\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  Autonomous systems are heavily used in many safety-critical systems, such as industrial automation, autonomous cars, Industrial Internet of Things (I-IoT), etc. Verification of the functional and temporal correctness of such systems is necessary before deployment to ensure their safety. However, due to the presence of physical systems in the continuous-time domain and computational models in the discrete-time domain, end-to-end verification of these systems is highly challenging. Existing formal methods focus on verifying physical models assuming static or simplified computation models. In contrast, existing real-time systems focus on satisfying strict timing bounds but do not care how those bounds are obtained and how they relate to physical safety. Our approach bridges these two domains, and constitutes an end-to-end verification framework for arbitrary physical models and computational models incorporated within a cyber-physical automated system. By allowing the interaction between the computational and physical models, our verification framework enables a fine-grained scheme that verifies against the local environment instead of verifying against global worst-case assumptions. Moreover, to support locally varying worst-case scenarios, a mixed-criticality system is proposed where the system supports several critical models and switches among the modes based on environmental uncertainty. Finally, a proof-of-concept evaluation of the proposed framework is reported.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"banach-baugh-thecausalityquagmireforformalisedbondgraphs-2024\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"https://jwbaugh.github.io/papers/banach-icgt-2024.pdf\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'banach-baugh-thecausalityquagmireforformalisedbondgraphs-2024', 'https://jwbaugh.github.io/papers/banach-icgt-2024.pdf', event);\">\n    The `Causality' Quagmire for Formalised Bond Graphs.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Banach, R.;  and <a class=\"bibbase author link\" href=\"https://jwbaugh.github.io/\">Baugh, J.</a>\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  In Harmer, R.;  and Kosiol, J., editor(s), <i>Graph Transformation</i>, pages 99-117,  2024. Springer Nature Switzerland\n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"https://jwbaugh.github.io/papers/banach-icgt-2024.pdf\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('banach-baugh-thecausalityquagmireforformalisedbondgraphs-2024', 'https://jwbaugh.github.io/papers/banach-icgt-2024.pdf', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/pdf.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"The &#x60;Causality&#x27; Quagmire for Formalised Bond Graphs [pdf]\"\n       title=\" pdf\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\"> pdf</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/banach-baugh-thecausalityquagmireforformalisedbondgraphs-2024\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <span class=\"bibbase_stats_paper\" style=\"color: #777;\">\n    <span>5 downloads</span>\n  </span>\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('banach-baugh-thecausalityquagmireforformalisedbondgraphs-2024')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@inproceedings{banach-icgt-2024,\ntitle = {The &#x60;Causality&#x27; Quagmire for Formalised Bond Graphs},\nauthor = {Banach, Richard and Baugh, John},\nbooktitle = {Graph Transformation},\neditor = {Harmer, Russ and Kosiol, Jens},\nyear = {2024},\npublisher = {Springer Nature Switzerland},\npages = {99-117},\nurl_pdf = {papers/banach-icgt-2024.pdf},\nabstract = {\nBond graphs represent the structure and functionality of mechatronic\nsystems from a power flow perspective. Unfortunately, presentations of\nbond graphs are replete with ambiguity, significantly impeding\nunderstanding. We extend the formalisation in preceding work to\naddress the phenomenon of &#x60;causality&#x27;, intended to help formulate\nsolution strategies for bond graphs, but usually presented in such\nvague terms that the claims made are easily shown to be false. We show\nthat &#x60;causality&#x27; only works as advertised in the simplest cases, where\nit mimics the mathematical definition of bond graph\nsemantics. Counterexamples severely limit the applicability of the\nnotion.}\n}\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  Bond graphs represent the structure and functionality of mechatronic systems from a power flow perspective. Unfortunately, presentations of bond graphs are replete with ambiguity, significantly impeding understanding. We extend the formalisation in preceding work to address the phenomenon of `causality', intended to help formulate solution strategies for bond graphs, but usually presented in such vague terms that the claims made are easily shown to be false. We show that `causality' only works as advertised in the simplest cases, where it mimics the mathematical definition of bond graph semantics. Counterexamples severely limit the applicability of the notion.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n\n\n\n    </div>\n  </div>\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_group_whole\" id=\"group_2023\">\n    <div class=\"bibbase_group\"\n      onclick=\"toggleGroup('group_2023')\"\n      onkeypress=\"toggleGroup('group_2023')\"\n      tabindex=\"0\">\n      <i class=\"fa fa-angle-down bibbase_group_head_icon\"></i>&nbsp;\n      <span>2023</span>\n      <span class=\"bibbase_group_count\">\n        \n        (4)\n        \n      </span>\n    </div>\n    <div class=\"bibbase_group_body\">\n      \n  \n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"altuntas-baugh-nusbaumer-verifyingparamgenacasestudyinscientificsoftwareabstractionandmodeling-2023\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"https://jwbaugh.github.io/papers/altuntas-iss-2023.pdf\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'altuntas-baugh-nusbaumer-verifyingparamgenacasestudyinscientificsoftwareabstractionandmodeling-2023', 'https://jwbaugh.github.io/papers/altuntas-iss-2023.pdf', event);\">\n    Verifying ParamGen: A case study in scientific software abstraction and modeling.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Altuntas, A.; <a class=\"bibbase author link\" href=\"https://jwbaugh.github.io/\">Baugh, J.</a>;  and Nusbaumer, J.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  In <i>Proceedings of the 2023 Improving Scientific Software Conference</i>, pages 1-9,  2023. \n  <span class=\"note\">(No. NCAR/TN-576+PROC)</span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"https://jwbaugh.github.io/papers/altuntas-iss-2023.pdf\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('altuntas-baugh-nusbaumer-verifyingparamgenacasestudyinscientificsoftwareabstractionandmodeling-2023', 'https://jwbaugh.github.io/papers/altuntas-iss-2023.pdf', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/pdf.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"Verifying ParamGen: A case study in scientific software abstraction and modeling [pdf]\"\n       title=\" pdf\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\"> pdf</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.org/10.5065/j0e4-ss70\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('altuntas-baugh-nusbaumer-verifyingparamgenacasestudyinscientificsoftwareabstractionandmodeling-2023', 'http://doi.org/10.5065/j0e4-ss70', event.ctrlKey)\"\n     class=\"bibbase doi link\">\n    <span>doi</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/altuntas-baugh-nusbaumer-verifyingparamgenacasestudyinscientificsoftwareabstractionandmodeling-2023\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <span class=\"bibbase_stats_paper\" style=\"color: #777;\">\n    <span>8 downloads</span>\n  </span>\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('altuntas-baugh-nusbaumer-verifyingparamgenacasestudyinscientificsoftwareabstractionandmodeling-2023')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@inproceedings{altuntas-iss-2023,\ntitle = {Verifying {ParamGen}: A case study in scientific software abstraction and modeling},\nauthor = {Altuntas, Alper and Baugh, John and Nusbaumer, Jesse},\nbooktitle = {Proceedings of the 2023 Improving Scientific Software Conference},\nnote = {{(No.~NCAR/TN-576+PROC)}},\nyear = {2023},\npages = {1-9},\nurl_pdf = {papers/altuntas-iss-2023.pdf},\ndoi = {10.5065/j0e4-ss70},\nabstract = {\nWe introduce ParamGen, an infrastructure library for climate models to\ngenerate input files that specify physics, parameterizations, and\nother behavior. ParamGen supports arbitrary Python expressions for\nspecifying a default set of runtime parameters and values, thereby\nproviding a high level of expressiveness and flexibility. Initially\ndeveloped for the MOM6 ocean component in Community Earth System Model\n(CESM), ParamGen is now used by several additional CESM\ncomponents. Therefore, it is of high importance that it operates\ncorrectly, i.e., absent any undesired and unexpected behavior. To that\nend, we develop an abstract verification model of ParamGen in Alloy, a\nsoftware modeling and analysis tool with a declarative language that\ncombines first-order logic and relational calculus. We evaluate the\ncorrectness of ParamGen via Alloy and discuss how abstract models and\nformal verification can help quickly frame questions and get answers\nregarding the structure and behavior of our scientific computing\napplications. We also describe our experience in coming to a cleaner\nand well-formed software design and abstractions as a result of the\nmodeling exercise we present in this study.}\n}\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  We introduce ParamGen, an infrastructure library for climate models to generate input files that specify physics, parameterizations, and other behavior. ParamGen supports arbitrary Python expressions for specifying a default set of runtime parameters and values, thereby providing a high level of expressiveness and flexibility. Initially developed for the MOM6 ocean component in Community Earth System Model (CESM), ParamGen is now used by several additional CESM components. Therefore, it is of high importance that it operates correctly, i.e., absent any undesired and unexpected behavior. To that end, we develop an abstract verification model of ParamGen in Alloy, a software modeling and analysis tool with a declarative language that combines first-order logic and relational calculus. We evaluate the correctness of ParamGen via Alloy and discuss how abstract models and formal verification can help quickly frame questions and get answers regarding the structure and behavior of our scientific computing applications. We also describe our experience in coming to a cleaner and well-formed software design and abstractions as a result of the modeling exercise we present in this study.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"banach-baugh-formalisationabstractionandrefinementofbondgraphs-2023\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"https://jwbaugh.github.io/papers/banach-icgt-2023.pdf\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'banach-baugh-formalisationabstractionandrefinementofbondgraphs-2023', 'https://jwbaugh.github.io/papers/banach-icgt-2023.pdf', event);\">\n    Formalisation, abstraction and refinement of bond graphs.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Banach, R.;  and <a class=\"bibbase author link\" href=\"https://jwbaugh.github.io/\">Baugh, J.</a>\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  In Fernández, M.;  and Poskitt, C. M., editor(s), <i>Graph Transformation</i>, pages 145-162,  2023. Springer Nature Switzerland\n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"https://jwbaugh.github.io/papers/banach-icgt-2023.pdf\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('banach-baugh-formalisationabstractionandrefinementofbondgraphs-2023', 'https://jwbaugh.github.io/papers/banach-icgt-2023.pdf', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/pdf.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"Formalisation, abstraction and refinement of bond graphs [pdf]\"\n       title=\" pdf\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\"> pdf</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-36709-0_8\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('banach-baugh-formalisationabstractionandrefinementofbondgraphs-2023', 'http://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-36709-0_8', event.ctrlKey)\"\n     class=\"bibbase doi link\">\n    <span>doi</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/banach-baugh-formalisationabstractionandrefinementofbondgraphs-2023\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <span class=\"bibbase_stats_paper\" style=\"color: #777;\">\n    <span>30 downloads</span>\n  </span>\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('banach-baugh-formalisationabstractionandrefinementofbondgraphs-2023')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@inproceedings{banach-icgt-2023,\ntitle = {Formalisation, abstraction and refinement of bond graphs},\nauthor = {Banach, Richard and Baugh, John},\nbooktitle = {Graph Transformation},\neditor = {Fern{\\&#x27;a}ndez, Maribel and Poskitt, Christopher M.},\nOPTbooktitle = {16th International Conference on Graph Transformation (ICGT)},\nOPTnote = {{ICGT 2023}, {Leicester, UK}, {EATCS and IFIP WG 1.3}},\npages = {145-162},\nyear = {2023},\ndoi = {10.1007/978-3-031-36709-0_8},\npublisher = {Springer Nature Switzerland},\nurl_pdf = {papers/banach-icgt-2023.pdf},\nabstract = {\nBond graphs represent the structure and functionality of mechatronic\nsystems from a power flow perspective. Unfortunately, presentations\nof bond graphs are replete with ambiguity, significantly impeding\nunderstanding. A formalisation of the essentials of bond graphs is\ngiven, together with a formalisation of bond graph transformation,\nwhich can directly express abstraction and refinement of bond graphs.}\n}\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  Bond graphs represent the structure and functionality of mechatronic systems from a power flow perspective. Unfortunately, presentations of bond graphs are replete with ambiguity, significantly impeding understanding. A formalisation of the essentials of bond graphs is given, together with a formalisation of bond graph transformation, which can directly express abstraction and refinement of bond graphs.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"zhang-teng-kong-baugh-su-mi-du-automaticmodellingandverificationofautosararchitectures-2023\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"https://jwbaugh.github.io/papers/zhang-jss-2023.pdf\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'zhang-teng-kong-baugh-su-mi-du-automaticmodellingandverificationofautosararchitectures-2023', 'https://jwbaugh.github.io/papers/zhang-jss-2023.pdf', event);\">\n    Automatic modelling and verification of Autosar architectures.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Zhang, M.; Teng, Y.; Kong, H.; <a class=\"bibbase author link\" href=\"https://jwbaugh.github.io/\">Baugh, J.</a>; Su, Y.; Mi, J.;  and Du, B.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  <i>Journal of Systems and Software</i>, 201: 111675.  2023.\n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"https://jwbaugh.github.io/papers/zhang-jss-2023.pdf\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('zhang-teng-kong-baugh-su-mi-du-automaticmodellingandverificationofautosararchitectures-2023', 'https://jwbaugh.github.io/papers/zhang-jss-2023.pdf', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/pdf.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"Automatic modelling and verification of Autosar architectures [pdf]\"\n       title=\" pdf\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\"> pdf</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.org/10.1016/j.jss.2023.111675\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('zhang-teng-kong-baugh-su-mi-du-automaticmodellingandverificationofautosararchitectures-2023', 'http://doi.org/10.1016/j.jss.2023.111675', event.ctrlKey)\"\n     class=\"bibbase doi link\">\n    <span>doi</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/zhang-teng-kong-baugh-su-mi-du-automaticmodellingandverificationofautosararchitectures-2023\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <span class=\"bibbase_stats_paper\" style=\"color: #777;\">\n    <span>11 downloads</span>\n  </span>\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('zhang-teng-kong-baugh-su-mi-du-automaticmodellingandverificationofautosararchitectures-2023')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@article{zhang-jss-2023,\nauthor = {Zhang, Miaomiao and Teng, Yu and Kong, Hui and Baugh, John and Su, Yu and Mi, Junri and Du, Bowen},\ntitle = {Automatic modelling and verification of {Autosar} architectures},\njournal = {Journal of Systems and Software},\nvolume = {201},\npages = {111675},\nyear = {2023},\ndoi = {10.1016/j.jss.2023.111675},\npublisher = {Elsevier},\nurl_pdf = {papers/zhang-jss-2023.pdf},\nkeywords = {Vehicle electronic system, Autosar, formal modelling, timed\n  automata, verification},\nabstract = {\nAutosar (AUTomotive Open System ARchitecture) is a development\npartnership whose primary goal is the standardization of basic system\nfunctions and functional interfaces for electronic control units in\nautomobiles. As an open specification, its layered software\narchitecture promotes the interoperability of real-time embedded\nvehicle systems and components. It also opens up the possibility of\nformal modelling and verification approaches, centred around the\nspecification, that can be used to support analysis in the early\nstages of design. In this paper, we describe a methodology and\nassociated tool, called A2A, that automatically models systems defined\nby the Autosar specifications as timed automata, and then verifies\ntheir timing properties using Uppaal. It contains 22 groups of timed\nautomata templates, together with two auxiliary test templates, that\nmodel the Autosar architecture and timing properties, allowing\ntime-related behaviours to be extracted from the three-layer\narchitecture, i.e., the Autosar Software, Autosar Runtime Environment,\nand Basic Software layers, and templates to be automatically\ninstantiated. The timing properties are specified using timed\ncomputation tree logic (TCTL) in Uppaal to verify the system model. We\ndemonstrate the capabilities of the methodology by applying it to an\nAutosar architecture that describes an internal vehicle light control\nsystem, thereby showing its effectiveness.}\n}\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  Autosar (AUTomotive Open System ARchitecture) is a development partnership whose primary goal is the standardization of basic system functions and functional interfaces for electronic control units in automobiles. As an open specification, its layered software architecture promotes the interoperability of real-time embedded vehicle systems and components. It also opens up the possibility of formal modelling and verification approaches, centred around the specification, that can be used to support analysis in the early stages of design. In this paper, we describe a methodology and associated tool, called A2A, that automatically models systems defined by the Autosar specifications as timed automata, and then verifies their timing properties using Uppaal. It contains 22 groups of timed automata templates, together with two auxiliary test templates, that model the Autosar architecture and timing properties, allowing time-related behaviours to be extracted from the three-layer architecture, i.e., the Autosar Software, Autosar Runtime Environment, and Basic Software layers, and templates to be automatically instantiated. The timing properties are specified using timed computation tree logic (TCTL) in Uppaal to verify the system model. We demonstrate the capabilities of the methodology by applying it to an Autosar architecture that describes an internal vehicle light control system, thereby showing its effectiveness.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"benavides-baugh-gopalakrishnan-anhpcpractitionersworkbenchforformalrefinementchecking-2023\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"https://jwbaugh.github.io/papers/benavides-lcpc-2023.pdf\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'benavides-baugh-gopalakrishnan-anhpcpractitionersworkbenchforformalrefinementchecking-2023', 'https://jwbaugh.github.io/papers/benavides-lcpc-2023.pdf', event);\">\n    An HPC practitioner's workbench for formal refinement checking.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Benavides, J.; <a class=\"bibbase author link\" href=\"https://jwbaugh.github.io/\">Baugh, J.</a>;  and Gopalakrishnan, G.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  In Mendis, C.;  and Rauchwerger, L., editor(s), <i>Languages and Compilers for Parallel Computing, LCPC 2022</i>, pages 64-72,  2023. Springer, Cham\n  <span class=\"note\">Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 13829</span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"https://jwbaugh.github.io/papers/benavides-lcpc-2023.pdf\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('benavides-baugh-gopalakrishnan-anhpcpractitionersworkbenchforformalrefinementchecking-2023', 'https://jwbaugh.github.io/papers/benavides-lcpc-2023.pdf', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/pdf.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"An HPC practitioner&#x27;s workbench for formal refinement checking [pdf]\"\n       title=\" pdf\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\"> pdf</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-31445-2_5\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('benavides-baugh-gopalakrishnan-anhpcpractitionersworkbenchforformalrefinementchecking-2023', 'http://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-31445-2_5', event.ctrlKey)\"\n     class=\"bibbase doi link\">\n    <span>doi</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/benavides-baugh-gopalakrishnan-anhpcpractitionersworkbenchforformalrefinementchecking-2023\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <span class=\"bibbase_stats_paper\" style=\"color: #777;\">\n    <span>27 downloads</span>\n  </span>\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('benavides-baugh-gopalakrishnan-anhpcpractitionersworkbenchforformalrefinementchecking-2023')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@inproceedings{benavides-lcpc-2023,\nauthor = {Juan Benavides and John Baugh and Ganesh Gopalakrishnan},\ntitle = {An {HPC} practitioner&#x27;s workbench for formal refinement checking},\neditor = {Mendis, C. and Rauchwerger, L.},\nbooktitle = {Languages and Compilers for Parallel Computing, LCPC 2022},\nnote = {Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 13829},\nOPTbooktitle = {35th International Workshop on Languages and Compilers for\n  Parallel Computing ({LCPC})},\nyear = {2023},\ndoi = {10.1007/978-3-031-31445-2_5},\nOPTlocation = {Chicago, IL},\npages = {64-72},\npublisher = {Springer, Cham},\nurl_pdf = {papers/benavides-lcpc-2023.pdf},\nkeywords = {Formal methods, scientific computing, parallelism, Alloy},\nisbn = {978-3-031-31445-2},\nabstract = {\nHPC practitioners make use of techniques, such as parallelism and\nsparse data structures, that are difficult to reason about and debug. \nHere we explore the role of data refinement, a correct-by-construction\napproach, in verifying HPC applications via bounded model checking.\nWe show how single program, multiple data (SPMD) parallelism can be\nmodeled in Alloy, a declarative specification language, and describe\ncommon issues that arise when performing scope-complete refinement\nchecks in this context.}\n}\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  HPC practitioners make use of techniques, such as parallelism and sparse data structures, that are difficult to reason about and debug. Here we explore the role of data refinement, a correct-by-construction approach, in verifying HPC applications via bounded model checking. We show how single program, multiple data (SPMD) parallelism can be modeled in Alloy, a declarative specification language, and describe common issues that arise when performing scope-complete refinement checks in this context.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n\n\n\n    </div>\n  </div>\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_group_whole\" id=\"group_2022\">\n    <div class=\"bibbase_group\"\n      onclick=\"toggleGroup('group_2022')\"\n      onkeypress=\"toggleGroup('group_2022')\"\n      tabindex=\"0\">\n      <i class=\"fa fa-angle-down bibbase_group_head_icon\"></i>&nbsp;\n      <span>2022</span>\n      <span class=\"bibbase_group_count\">\n        \n        (1)\n        \n      </span>\n    </div>\n    <div class=\"bibbase_group_body\">\n      \n  \n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"karrenberg-benavides-berglund-kang-baugh-identifyingcyberphysicalvulnerabilitiesofwaterdistributionsystemsusingfinitestateprocesses-2022\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"https://jwbaugh.github.io/papers/karrenberg-wdsa-2022.pdf\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'karrenberg-benavides-berglund-kang-baugh-identifyingcyberphysicalvulnerabilitiesofwaterdistributionsystemsusingfinitestateprocesses-2022', 'https://jwbaugh.github.io/papers/karrenberg-wdsa-2022.pdf', event);\">\n    Identifying cyber-physical vulnerabilities of water distribution systems using finite state processes.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Karrenberg, C.; Benavides, J.; Berglund, E.; Kang, E.;  and <a class=\"bibbase author link\" href=\"https://jwbaugh.github.io/\">Baugh, J.</a>\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  In <i>2nd International Joint Conference on Water Distribution System Analysis & Computing and Control in the Water Industry, WDSA CCWI 2022</i>,  2022. \n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"https://jwbaugh.github.io/papers/karrenberg-wdsa-2022.pdf\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('karrenberg-benavides-berglund-kang-baugh-identifyingcyberphysicalvulnerabilitiesofwaterdistributionsystemsusingfinitestateprocesses-2022', 'https://jwbaugh.github.io/papers/karrenberg-wdsa-2022.pdf', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/pdf.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"Identifying cyber-physical vulnerabilities of water distribution systems using finite state processes [pdf]\"\n       title=\" pdf\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\"> pdf</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/karrenberg-benavides-berglund-kang-baugh-identifyingcyberphysicalvulnerabilitiesofwaterdistributionsystemsusingfinitestateprocesses-2022\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <span class=\"bibbase_stats_paper\" style=\"color: #777;\">\n    <span>5 downloads</span>\n  </span>\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('karrenberg-benavides-berglund-kang-baugh-identifyingcyberphysicalvulnerabilitiesofwaterdistributionsystemsusingfinitestateprocesses-2022')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@inproceedings{karrenberg-wdsa-2022,\nauthor = {Cade Karrenberg and Juan Benavides and Emily Berglund and\n  Eunsuk Kang and John Baugh},\ntitle = {Identifying cyber-physical vulnerabilities of water distribution\n  systems using finite state processes},\nbooktitle = {2nd International Joint Conference on Water Distribution\n  System Analysis \\&amp; Computing and Control in the Water Industry,\n  {WDSA CCWI 2022}},\nyear = {2022},\nlocation = {Universitat Politècnica de València Valencia (Spain)},\nnumber = {14838},\nOPTdoi = {not-posted-yet},\nurl_pdf = {papers/karrenberg-wdsa-2022.pdf},\nOPTpublisher = {not-sure},\nkeywords = {cyber-security, formal methods, water distribution system,\n  cyberphysical system, finite state processes},\nabstract = {\nModern water distribution systems (WDS) comprise not only physical\ninfrastructure, but also use smart meters, sensors, automated control\nsystems and wireless communication links to manage hydraulic processes\nand water quality. Networked devices create new vulnerabilities to\ncyber-attacks, in which an attacker infiltrates connected devices\nthrough internet and network connections with potentially severe\nconsequences, such as creating water supply interruptions and\ncompromising water quality. Attention to cyber-attacks comes at a time\nof notable intrusions into the computer systems that monitor and\ncontrol infrastructure, including the recent attack on a water\ntreatment plant in Oldsmar, Florida. This paper describes an approach\nfor probing a system&#x27;s vulnerabilities and finding attack scenarios\nthat may cause a disruption, for example, by lowering the pressure in\nwater mains and exposing a system to harmful contaminants. Our\nmodelling framework uses a process calculus called Finite State\nProcesses (FSP), which is a formal notation that also includes a\nsupporting tool, Labelled Transition System Analyzer (LTSA), for\nautomatically checking safety and other desirable properties of\ncomputer systems. Applying formal methods tools, most-often used in\nthe design and testing of hardware and software systems, to WDSs\nallows us to augment traditional simulation approaches with the\nexhaustive model-checking capabilities of tools such as LTSA. This\nframework couples FSP with epanetCPA, which is an open-source toolbox\nthat can simulate attacks on a system&#x27;s computer and network\ncomponents to evaluate the resulting hydraulic response. Within this\nframework, we treat WDSs as a bounded state control problem to ensure,\nfor instance, that water levels of an elevated storage tank are always\nwithin an acceptable range. Attacker capabilities are broadly defined\nand modelled to allow communication links to be compromised through\neavesdropping and packet injection attacks. Feasible attack scenarios\nare automatically identified and produced by LTSA, which generates\ncounterexamples to a safety property. To incorporate the physics of\nWDSs into FSP, we discretize and quantize systems and calibrate\nobservable behaviors using Python scripts, including the package Water\nNetwork Tool for Resilience (WNTR). Attack scenarios are simulated\nwith epanetCPA for purposes of validation.}\n}\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  Modern water distribution systems (WDS) comprise not only physical infrastructure, but also use smart meters, sensors, automated control systems and wireless communication links to manage hydraulic processes and water quality. Networked devices create new vulnerabilities to cyber-attacks, in which an attacker infiltrates connected devices through internet and network connections with potentially severe consequences, such as creating water supply interruptions and compromising water quality. Attention to cyber-attacks comes at a time of notable intrusions into the computer systems that monitor and control infrastructure, including the recent attack on a water treatment plant in Oldsmar, Florida. This paper describes an approach for probing a system's vulnerabilities and finding attack scenarios that may cause a disruption, for example, by lowering the pressure in water mains and exposing a system to harmful contaminants. Our modelling framework uses a process calculus called Finite State Processes (FSP), which is a formal notation that also includes a supporting tool, Labelled Transition System Analyzer (LTSA), for automatically checking safety and other desirable properties of computer systems. Applying formal methods tools, most-often used in the design and testing of hardware and software systems, to WDSs allows us to augment traditional simulation approaches with the exhaustive model-checking capabilities of tools such as LTSA. This framework couples FSP with epanetCPA, which is an open-source toolbox that can simulate attacks on a system's computer and network components to evaluate the resulting hydraulic response. Within this framework, we treat WDSs as a bounded state control problem to ensure, for instance, that water levels of an elevated storage tank are always within an acceptable range. Attacker capabilities are broadly defined and modelled to allow communication links to be compromised through eavesdropping and packet injection attacks. Feasible attack scenarios are automatically identified and produced by LTSA, which generates counterexamples to a safety property. To incorporate the physics of WDSs into FSP, we discretize and quantize systems and calibrate observable behaviors using Python scripts, including the package Water Network Tool for Resilience (WNTR). Attack scenarios are simulated with epanetCPA for purposes of validation.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n\n\n\n    </div>\n  </div>\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_group_whole\" id=\"group_2021\">\n    <div class=\"bibbase_group\"\n      onclick=\"toggleGroup('group_2021')\"\n      onkeypress=\"toggleGroup('group_2021')\"\n      tabindex=\"0\">\n      <i class=\"fa fa-angle-down bibbase_group_head_icon\"></i>&nbsp;\n      <span>2021</span>\n      <span class=\"bibbase_group_count\">\n        \n        (3)\n        \n      </span>\n    </div>\n    <div class=\"bibbase_group_body\">\n      \n  \n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"kwag-gupta-baugh-kim-significanceofmultihazardriskindesignofbuildingsunderearthquakeandwindloads-2021\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"https://jwbaugh.github.io/papers/kwag-engstruct-2021.pdf\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'kwag-gupta-baugh-kim-significanceofmultihazardriskindesignofbuildingsunderearthquakeandwindloads-2021', 'https://jwbaugh.github.io/papers/kwag-engstruct-2021.pdf', event);\">\n    Significance of multi-hazard risk in design of buildings under earthquake and wind loads.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Kwag, S.; Gupta, A.; <a class=\"bibbase author link\" href=\"https://jwbaugh.github.io/\">Baugh, J.</a>;  and Kim, H.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  <i>Engineering Structures</i>, 243: 112623.  2021.\n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"https://jwbaugh.github.io/papers/kwag-engstruct-2021.pdf\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('kwag-gupta-baugh-kim-significanceofmultihazardriskindesignofbuildingsunderearthquakeandwindloads-2021', 'https://jwbaugh.github.io/papers/kwag-engstruct-2021.pdf', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/pdf.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"Significance of multi-hazard risk in design of buildings under earthquake and wind loads [pdf]\"\n       title=\" pdf\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\"> pdf</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2021.112623\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('kwag-gupta-baugh-kim-significanceofmultihazardriskindesignofbuildingsunderearthquakeandwindloads-2021', 'http://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2021.112623', event.ctrlKey)\"\n     class=\"bibbase doi link\">\n    <span>doi</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/kwag-gupta-baugh-kim-significanceofmultihazardriskindesignofbuildingsunderearthquakeandwindloads-2021\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <span class=\"bibbase_stats_paper\" style=\"color: #777;\">\n    <span>2 downloads</span>\n  </span>\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('kwag-gupta-baugh-kim-significanceofmultihazardriskindesignofbuildingsunderearthquakeandwindloads-2021')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@article{kwag-engstruct-2021,\ntitle = {Significance of multi-hazard risk in design of buildings\nunder earthquake and wind loads},\nauthor = {Shinyoung Kwag and Abhinav Gupta and John Baugh and Hyun-Su Kim},\njournal = {Engineering Structures},\nvolume = {243},\npages = {112623},\nyear = {2021},\nOPTissn = {xxx},\ndoi = {10.1016/j.engstruct.2021.112623},\nOPTurl = {https://www-sciencedirect-com.prox.lib.ncsu.edu/science/article/pii/S0141029621007732},\nurl_pdf = {papers/kwag-engstruct-2021.pdf},\nkeywords = {Earthquake and wind hazards; Performance-based design;\nRisk-based multi-hazard approach; Multi-hazard risk map; Multi-hazard\nscenario; Magneto-rheological damper; Adjacent buildings},\nabstract = {\nTraditionally, external hazards are considered in the design of a\nbuilding through the various combinations of loads prescribed in\nrelevant design codes and standards. It is often the case that the\ndesign is governed by a single dominant hazard at a given geographic\nlocation. This is particularly true for earthquake and wind hazards,\nboth of which impart time-dependent dynamic loads on the\nstructure. Engineers may nevertheless wonder if a building designed\nfor one of the two dominant hazards will satisfactorily withstand the\nother. Prior studies have indicated that in some cases, when a\nbuilding is designed for a single dominant hazard, it does not\nnecessarily provide satisfactory performance against the other\nhazard. In this paper, we propose a novel framework that builds upon\nperformance-based design requirements and determines whether the\ndesign of a building is governed primarily by a single hazard or\nmultiple hazards. It integrates site-dependent hazard characteristics\nwith the performance criteria for a given building type and building\ngeometry. The framework is consistent with the burgeoning area of\nprobabilistic risk assessment, and yet can easily be extended to\ntraditional, deterministically characterized design requirements as\nillustrated herein.}\n}\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  Traditionally, external hazards are considered in the design of a building through the various combinations of loads prescribed in relevant design codes and standards. It is often the case that the design is governed by a single dominant hazard at a given geographic location. This is particularly true for earthquake and wind hazards, both of which impart time-dependent dynamic loads on the structure. Engineers may nevertheless wonder if a building designed for one of the two dominant hazards will satisfactorily withstand the other. Prior studies have indicated that in some cases, when a building is designed for a single dominant hazard, it does not necessarily provide satisfactory performance against the other hazard. In this paper, we propose a novel framework that builds upon performance-based design requirements and determines whether the design of a building is governed primarily by a single hazard or multiple hazards. It integrates site-dependent hazard characteristics with the performance criteria for a given building type and building geometry. The framework is consistent with the burgeoning area of probabilistic risk assessment, and yet can easily be extended to traditional, deterministically characterized design requirements as illustrated herein.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"dyer-baugh-sterlingawebbasedvisualizerforrelationalmodelinglanguages-2021\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"https://jwbaugh.github.io/papers/dyer-abz-2021.pdf\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'dyer-baugh-sterlingawebbasedvisualizerforrelationalmodelinglanguages-2021', 'https://jwbaugh.github.io/papers/dyer-abz-2021.pdf', event);\">\n    Sterling: A web-based visualizer for relational modeling languages.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Dyer, T.;  and <a class=\"bibbase author link\" href=\"https://jwbaugh.github.io/\">Baugh, J.</a>\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  In <i>Rigorous State Based Methods. ABZ 2021</i>, pages 99-104, Cham,  2021. Springer\n  <span class=\"note\">Lecture Notes in Computer Science 12709</span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"https://jwbaugh.github.io/papers/dyer-abz-2021.pdf\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('dyer-baugh-sterlingawebbasedvisualizerforrelationalmodelinglanguages-2021', 'https://jwbaugh.github.io/papers/dyer-abz-2021.pdf', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/pdf.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"Sterling: A web-based visualizer for relational modeling languages [pdf]\"\n       title=\" pdf\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\"> pdf</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-77543-8_7\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('dyer-baugh-sterlingawebbasedvisualizerforrelationalmodelinglanguages-2021', 'http://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-77543-8_7', event.ctrlKey)\"\n     class=\"bibbase doi link\">\n    <span>doi</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/dyer-baugh-sterlingawebbasedvisualizerforrelationalmodelinglanguages-2021\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <span class=\"bibbase_stats_paper\" style=\"color: #777;\">\n    <span>3 downloads</span>\n  </span>\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('dyer-baugh-sterlingawebbasedvisualizerforrelationalmodelinglanguages-2021')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@inproceedings{dyer-abz-2021,\ntitle = {Sterling: A web-based visualizer for relational modeling languages},\nauthor = {Dyer, Tristan and Baugh, John},\nbooktitle = {Rigorous State Based Methods. ABZ 2021},\nnote = {Lecture Notes in Computer Science 12709},\npages = {99-104},\naddress = {Cham},\nyear = {2021},\npublisher = {Springer},\nOPTisbn = {978-3-030-77543-8},\ndoi = {10.1007/978-3-030-77543-8_7},\nurl_pdf = {papers/dyer-abz-2021.pdf},\nabstract = {\nWe introduce Sterling, a web-based visualization tool that provides\ninteractive views of relational models and allows users to create\ncustom visualizations using modern JavaScript libraries like D3 and\nCytoscape.  We outline its design goals and architecture, and describe\ncustom visualizations developed with Sterling that enable verification\nstudies of scientific software used in production.  While development\nis driven primarily by the Alloy community, other relational modeling\nlanguages are accommodated by Sterling&#x27;s data agnostic architecture.}\n}\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  We introduce Sterling, a web-based visualization tool that provides interactive views of relational models and allows users to create custom visualizations using modern JavaScript libraries like D3 and Cytoscape. We outline its design goals and architecture, and describe custom visualizations developed with Sterling that enable verification studies of scientific software used in production. While development is driven primarily by the Alloy community, other relational modeling languages are accommodated by Sterling's data agnostic architecture.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"curri-aziz-baugh-johnson-industrialsymbiosiswasteexchangeidentificationandoptimization-2021\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"https://jwbaugh.github.io/papers/curri-hicss-21.pdf\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'curri-aziz-baugh-johnson-industrialsymbiosiswasteexchangeidentificationandoptimization-2021', 'https://jwbaugh.github.io/papers/curri-hicss-21.pdf', event);\">\n    Industrial Symbiosis Waste Exchange Identification and Optimization.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Curri, D.; Aziz, T.; <a class=\"bibbase author link\" href=\"https://jwbaugh.github.io/\">Baugh, J.</a>;  and Johnson, J.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  In <i>Proceedings of the 54th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences</i>, pages 916-925,  2021. \n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://hdl.handle.net/10125/70724\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('curri-aziz-baugh-johnson-industrialsymbiosiswasteexchangeidentificationandoptimization-2021', 'http://hdl.handle.net/10125/70724', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"Industrial Symbiosis Waste Exchange Identification and Optimization [link]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  <a href=\"https://jwbaugh.github.io/papers/curri-hicss-21.pdf\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('curri-aziz-baugh-johnson-industrialsymbiosiswasteexchangeidentificationandoptimization-2021', 'https://jwbaugh.github.io/papers/curri-hicss-21.pdf', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/pdf.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"Industrial Symbiosis Waste Exchange Identification and Optimization [pdf]\"\n       title=\" pdf\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\"> pdf</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/curri-aziz-baugh-johnson-industrialsymbiosiswasteexchangeidentificationandoptimization-2021\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('curri-aziz-baugh-johnson-industrialsymbiosiswasteexchangeidentificationandoptimization-2021')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@inproceedings{curri-hicss-21,\nauthor = {Curri, Danielle and Aziz, Tarek and Baugh, John and Johnson,\n  Jeremiah},\ntitle = {Industrial Symbiosis Waste Exchange Identification and\n  Optimization},\nbooktitle = {Proceedings of the 54th Hawaii International Conference on\n  System Sciences},\nyear = {2021},\npages = {916-925},\nurl = {http://hdl.handle.net/10125/70724},\nurl_pdf = {papers/curri-hicss-21.pdf},\nabstract = {\nIndustrial symbiosis is the concept that waste from industrial\nprocesses can be diverted and then reused as inputs into co-located\nindustrial entities. While research to date has identified successful\nexamples of industrial symbiosis and characterized formation\nprocesses, little is known about how new eco-industrial parks can be\ndesigned and their performance optimized. In this paper, we describe\nhow industrial symbiosis can be modeled and optimized during the\ndevelopment phase to assist in the creation of eco-industrial\nparks. We present a database framework, waste exchange identification\nalgorithm, and Python-based optimization system that generates a\nmixed-integer linear programming model to minimize the amount of\nnon-recycled waste produced. We illustrate the functionality of the\napproach on three test cases that demonstrate increasing levels of\ncomplexity. The optimization model can also accommodate multiple\nobjectives, allowing further exploration of the benefits of industrial\nsymbiosis at the design stage.}\n}\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  Industrial symbiosis is the concept that waste from industrial processes can be diverted and then reused as inputs into co-located industrial entities. While research to date has identified successful examples of industrial symbiosis and characterized formation processes, little is known about how new eco-industrial parks can be designed and their performance optimized. In this paper, we describe how industrial symbiosis can be modeled and optimized during the development phase to assist in the creation of eco-industrial parks. We present a database framework, waste exchange identification algorithm, and Python-based optimization system that generates a mixed-integer linear programming model to minimize the amount of non-recycled waste produced. We illustrate the functionality of the approach on three test cases that demonstrate increasing levels of complexity. The optimization model can also accommodate multiple objectives, allowing further exploration of the benefits of industrial symbiosis at the design stage.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n\n\n\n    </div>\n  </div>\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_group_whole\" id=\"group_2020\">\n    <div class=\"bibbase_group\"\n      onclick=\"toggleGroup('group_2020')\"\n      onkeypress=\"toggleGroup('group_2020')\"\n      tabindex=\"0\">\n      <i class=\"fa fa-angle-down bibbase_group_head_icon\"></i>&nbsp;\n      <span>2020</span>\n      <span class=\"bibbase_group_count\">\n        \n        (1)\n        \n      </span>\n    </div>\n    <div class=\"bibbase_group_body\">\n      \n  \n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"banach-baugh-asimplehybrideventbmodelofanactivecontrolsystemforearthquakeprotection-2020\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"https://jwbaugh.github.io/papers/banach-festschrift-2020.pdf\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'banach-baugh-asimplehybrideventbmodelofanactivecontrolsystemforearthquakeprotection-2020', 'https://jwbaugh.github.io/papers/banach-festschrift-2020.pdf', event);\">\n    A simple Hybrid Event-B model of an active control system for earthquake protection.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Banach, R.;  and <a class=\"bibbase author link\" href=\"https://jwbaugh.github.io/\">Baugh, J.</a>\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  In Adamatzky, A.;  and Kendon, V., editor(s), <i>From Astrophysics to Unconventional Computation</i>, volume 35, of Emergence, Complexity and Computation, pages 157-194. Springer, Cham,  2020.\n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"https://jwbaugh.github.io/papers/banach-festschrift-2020.pdf\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('banach-baugh-asimplehybrideventbmodelofanactivecontrolsystemforearthquakeprotection-2020', 'https://jwbaugh.github.io/papers/banach-festschrift-2020.pdf', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/pdf.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"A simple Hybrid Event-B model of an active control system for earthquake protection [pdf]\"\n       title=\" pdf\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\"> pdf</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-15792-0_7\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('banach-baugh-asimplehybrideventbmodelofanactivecontrolsystemforearthquakeprotection-2020', 'http://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-15792-0_7', event.ctrlKey)\"\n     class=\"bibbase doi link\">\n    <span>doi</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/banach-baugh-asimplehybrideventbmodelofanactivecontrolsystemforearthquakeprotection-2020\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <span class=\"bibbase_stats_paper\" style=\"color: #777;\">\n    <span>17 downloads</span>\n  </span>\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('banach-baugh-asimplehybrideventbmodelofanactivecontrolsystemforearthquakeprotection-2020')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@incollection{banach-festschrift-2020,\nauthor = {Banach, Richard and Baugh, John},\neditor = {Adamatzky, Andrew and Kendon, Vivien},\ntitle = {A simple {Hybrid Event-B} model of an active control system for\n  earthquake protection},\nbooktitle = {From Astrophysics to Unconventional Computation},\nyear = {2020},\npublisher = {Springer},\naddress = {Cham},\nseries = {Emergence, Complexity and Computation},\nvolume = {35},\npages = {157-194},\nisbn = {978-3-030-15792-0},\ndoi = {10.1007/978-3-030-15792-0_7},\nOPT_url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-15792-0_7},\nurl_pdf = {papers/banach-festschrift-2020.pdf},\nabstract = {\nIn earthquake-prone zones of the world, severe damage to buildings and\nlife endangering harm to people pose a major risk when severe\nearthquakes happen. In recent decades, active and passive measures to\nprevent building damage have been designed and deployed. A simple\nmodel of an active damage prevention system, founded on earlier work,\nis investigated from a model based formal development perspective,\nusing Hybrid Event-B. The non-trivial physical behaviour in the model\nis readily captured within the formalism. However, when the usual\napproximation and discretization techniques from engineering and\napplied mathematics are used, the rather brittle refinement techniques\nused in model based formal development start to break down. Despite\nthis, the model developed stands up well when compared via simulation\nwith a standard approach. The requirements of a richer formal\ndevelopment framework, better able to cope with applications\nexhibiting non-trivial physical elements are discussed.}\n}\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  In earthquake-prone zones of the world, severe damage to buildings and life endangering harm to people pose a major risk when severe earthquakes happen. In recent decades, active and passive measures to prevent building damage have been designed and deployed. A simple model of an active damage prevention system, founded on earlier work, is investigated from a model based formal development perspective, using Hybrid Event-B. The non-trivial physical behaviour in the model is readily captured within the formalism. However, when the usual approximation and discretization techniques from engineering and applied mathematics are used, the rather brittle refinement techniques used in model based formal development start to break down. Despite this, the model developed stands up well when compared via simulation with a standard approach. The requirements of a richer formal development framework, better able to cope with applications exhibiting non-trivial physical elements are discussed.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n\n\n\n    </div>\n  </div>\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_group_whole\" id=\"group_2019\">\n    <div class=\"bibbase_group\"\n      onclick=\"toggleGroup('group_2019')\"\n      onkeypress=\"toggleGroup('group_2019')\"\n      tabindex=\"0\">\n      <i class=\"fa fa-angle-down bibbase_group_head_icon\"></i>&nbsp;\n      <span>2019</span>\n      <span class=\"bibbase_group_count\">\n        \n        (1)\n        \n      </span>\n    </div>\n    <div class=\"bibbase_group_body\">\n      \n  \n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"dyer-altuntas-baugh-boundedverificationofsparsematrixcomputations-2019\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"https://jwbaugh.github.io/papers/dyer-correctness-2019.pdf\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'dyer-altuntas-baugh-boundedverificationofsparsematrixcomputations-2019', 'https://jwbaugh.github.io/papers/dyer-correctness-2019.pdf', event);\">\n    Bounded verification of sparse matrix computations.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Dyer, T.; Altuntas, A.;  and <a class=\"bibbase author link\" href=\"https://jwbaugh.github.io/\">Baugh, J.</a>\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  In <i>Proceedings of the Third International Workshop on Software Correctness for HPC Applications, Correctness'19</i>, pages 36-43,  2019. IEEE/ACM\n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"https://jwbaugh.github.io/papers/dyer-correctness-2019.pdf\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('dyer-altuntas-baugh-boundedverificationofsparsematrixcomputations-2019', 'https://jwbaugh.github.io/papers/dyer-correctness-2019.pdf', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/pdf.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"Bounded verification of sparse matrix computations [pdf]\"\n       title=\" pdf\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\"> pdf</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.org/10.1109/Correctness49594.2019.00010\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('dyer-altuntas-baugh-boundedverificationofsparsematrixcomputations-2019', 'http://doi.org/10.1109/Correctness49594.2019.00010', event.ctrlKey)\"\n     class=\"bibbase doi link\">\n    <span>doi</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/dyer-altuntas-baugh-boundedverificationofsparsematrixcomputations-2019\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <span class=\"bibbase_stats_paper\" style=\"color: #777;\">\n    <span>11 downloads</span>\n  </span>\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('dyer-altuntas-baugh-boundedverificationofsparsematrixcomputations-2019')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@inproceedings{dyer-correctness-2019,\nauthor = {Dyer, Tristan and Altuntas, Alper and Baugh, John},\ntitle = {Bounded verification of sparse matrix computations},\nbooktitle = {Proceedings of the Third International Workshop on\n  Software Correctness for {HPC} Applications, {Correctness&#x27;19}},\nyear = {2019},\nisbn = {978-1-7281-6015-3},\nlocation = {Denver, CO, USA},\npages = {36-43},\ndoi = {10.1109/Correctness49594.2019.00010},\nurl_pdf = {papers/dyer-correctness-2019.pdf},\npublisher = {IEEE/ACM},\nkeywords = {sparse matrix formats, state-based formal methods, mechanical\n  verification},\nabstract = {\nWe show how to model and reason about the structure and behavior of\nsparse matrices, which are central to many applications in scientific\ncomputation.  Our approach is state-based, relying on a formalism\ncalled Alloy to show that one model is a refinement of another.  We\npresent examples of sparse matrix-vector multiplication, transpose,\nand translation between formats using ELLPACK and compressed sparse\nrow formats to demonstrate the approach.  To model matrix computations\nin a declarative language like Alloy, a new idiom is presented for\nbounded iteration with incremental updates.  Mechanical verification\nis performed using SAT solvers built into the tool.}\n}\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  We show how to model and reason about the structure and behavior of sparse matrices, which are central to many applications in scientific computation. Our approach is state-based, relying on a formalism called Alloy to show that one model is a refinement of another. We present examples of sparse matrix-vector multiplication, transpose, and translation between formats using ELLPACK and compressed sparse row formats to demonstrate the approach. To model matrix computations in a declarative language like Alloy, a new idiom is presented for bounded iteration with incremental updates. Mechanical verification is performed using SAT solvers built into the tool.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n\n\n\n    </div>\n  </div>\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_group_whole\" id=\"group_2018\">\n    <div class=\"bibbase_group\"\n      onclick=\"toggleGroup('group_2018')\"\n      onkeypress=\"toggleGroup('group_2018')\"\n      tabindex=\"0\">\n      <i class=\"fa fa-angle-down bibbase_group_head_icon\"></i>&nbsp;\n      <span>2018</span>\n      <span class=\"bibbase_group_count\">\n        \n        (4)\n        \n      </span>\n    </div>\n    <div class=\"bibbase_group_body\">\n      \n  \n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"altuntas-baugh-hybridtheoremprovingasalightweightmethodforverifyingnumericalsoftware-2018\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"https://jwbaugh.github.io/papers/altuntas-correctness-2018.pdf\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'altuntas-baugh-hybridtheoremprovingasalightweightmethodforverifyingnumericalsoftware-2018', 'https://jwbaugh.github.io/papers/altuntas-correctness-2018.pdf', event);\">\n    Hybrid theorem proving as a lightweight method for verifying numerical software.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Altuntas, A.;  and <a class=\"bibbase author link\" href=\"https://jwbaugh.github.io/\">Baugh, J.</a>\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  In <i>Proceedings of the Second International Workshop on Software Correctness for HPC Applications, Correctness'18</i>, pages 1-8,  2018. IEEE\n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"https://jwbaugh.github.io/papers/altuntas-correctness-2018.pdf\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('altuntas-baugh-hybridtheoremprovingasalightweightmethodforverifyingnumericalsoftware-2018', 'https://jwbaugh.github.io/papers/altuntas-correctness-2018.pdf', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/pdf.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"Hybrid theorem proving as a lightweight method for verifying numerical software [pdf]\"\n       title=\" pdf\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\"> pdf</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.org/10.1109/Correctness.2018.00005\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('altuntas-baugh-hybridtheoremprovingasalightweightmethodforverifyingnumericalsoftware-2018', 'http://doi.org/10.1109/Correctness.2018.00005', event.ctrlKey)\"\n     class=\"bibbase doi link\">\n    <span>doi</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/altuntas-baugh-hybridtheoremprovingasalightweightmethodforverifyingnumericalsoftware-2018\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <span class=\"bibbase_stats_paper\" style=\"color: #777;\">\n    <span>6 downloads</span>\n  </span>\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('altuntas-baugh-hybridtheoremprovingasalightweightmethodforverifyingnumericalsoftware-2018')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@inproceedings{altuntas-correctness-2018,\nauthor = {Altuntas, Alper and Baugh, John},\ntitle = {Hybrid theorem proving as a lightweight method for verifying\n  numerical software},\nbooktitle = {Proceedings of the Second International Workshop on\n  Software Correctness for {HPC} Applications, {Correctness&#x27;18}},\nyear = {2018},\nisbn = {978-1-7281-0226-9},\nlocation = {Dallas, TX, USA},\npages = {1-8},\ndoi = {10.1109/Correctness.2018.00005},\nurl_pdf = {papers/altuntas-correctness-2018.pdf},\npublisher = {IEEE},\nkeywords = {hybrid systems, formal methods, scientific computation,\n  KeYmaera X},\nabstract = {\nLarge-scale numerical software requires substantial computer resources\nthat complicate testing and debugging. A single run of a climate model\nmay require many millions of core-hours and terabytes of disk space,\nmaking trial-and-error experiments burdensome and time consuming. In\nthis study, we apply hybrid theorem proving from the field of\ncyber-physical systems to problems in scientific computation, and show\nhow to verify the correctness of discrete updates that appear in the\nsimulation of continuous physical systems. By viewing numerical\nsoftware as a hybrid system that combines discrete and continuous\nbehavior, test coverage and confidence in findings can be\nincreased. We describe abstraction approaches for modeling numerical\nsoftware and demonstrate the applicability of the approach in a case\nstudy that reproduces undesirable behavior encountered in a\nparameterization scheme, called the K-profile parameterization, widely\nused in ocean components of large-scale climate models. We then\nidentify and model a fix in the configuration of the scheme, and\nverify that the undesired behavior is eliminated for all possible\nexecution sequences. We conclude that hybrid theorem proving is an\neffective and efficient approach that can be used to verify and reason\nabout properties of large-scale numerical software.}\n}\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  Large-scale numerical software requires substantial computer resources that complicate testing and debugging. A single run of a climate model may require many millions of core-hours and terabytes of disk space, making trial-and-error experiments burdensome and time consuming. In this study, we apply hybrid theorem proving from the field of cyber-physical systems to problems in scientific computation, and show how to verify the correctness of discrete updates that appear in the simulation of continuous physical systems. By viewing numerical software as a hybrid system that combines discrete and continuous behavior, test coverage and confidence in findings can be increased. We describe abstraction approaches for modeling numerical software and demonstrate the applicability of the approach in a case study that reproduces undesirable behavior encountered in a parameterization scheme, called the K-profile parameterization, widely used in ocean components of large-scale climate models. We then identify and model a fix in the configuration of the scheme, and verify that the undesired behavior is eliminated for all possible execution sequences. We conclude that hybrid theorem proving is an effective and efficient approach that can be used to verify and reason about properties of large-scale numerical software.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"liu-jiang-yang-baugh-numericalstudyonfactorsinfluencingtyphooninducedstormsurgedistributioninzhanjiangharbor-2018\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"https://jwbaugh.github.io/papers/liu-ecs-2018.pdf\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'liu-jiang-yang-baugh-numericalstudyonfactorsinfluencingtyphooninducedstormsurgedistributioninzhanjiangharbor-2018', 'https://jwbaugh.github.io/papers/liu-ecs-2018.pdf', event);\">\n    Numerical study on factors influencing typhoon-induced storm surge distribution in Zhanjiang Harbor.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Liu, X.; Jiang, W.; Yang, B.;  and <a class=\"bibbase author link\" href=\"https://jwbaugh.github.io/\">Baugh, J.</a>\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  <i>Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science</i>, 215: 39-51.  2018.\n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"https://jwbaugh.github.io/papers/liu-ecs-2018.pdf\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('liu-jiang-yang-baugh-numericalstudyonfactorsinfluencingtyphooninducedstormsurgedistributioninzhanjiangharbor-2018', 'https://jwbaugh.github.io/papers/liu-ecs-2018.pdf', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/pdf.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"Numerical study on factors influencing typhoon-induced storm surge distribution in Zhanjiang Harbor [pdf]\"\n       title=\" pdf\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\"> pdf</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecss.2018.09.019\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('liu-jiang-yang-baugh-numericalstudyonfactorsinfluencingtyphooninducedstormsurgedistributioninzhanjiangharbor-2018', 'http://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecss.2018.09.019', event.ctrlKey)\"\n     class=\"bibbase doi link\">\n    <span>doi</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/liu-jiang-yang-baugh-numericalstudyonfactorsinfluencingtyphooninducedstormsurgedistributioninzhanjiangharbor-2018\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('liu-jiang-yang-baugh-numericalstudyonfactorsinfluencingtyphooninducedstormsurgedistributioninzhanjiangharbor-2018')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@article{liu-ecs-2018,\ntitle = {Numerical study on factors influencing typhoon-induced storm\nsurge distribution in {Zhanjiang Harbor}},\nauthor = {Xing Liu and Wensheng Jiang and Bo Yang and John Baugh},\njournal = {Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science},\nvolume = {215},\npages = {39-51},\nyear = {2018},\nissn = {0272-7714},\ndoi = {10.1016/j.ecss.2018.09.019},\nOPTurl = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S027277141830009X},\nurl_pdf = {papers/liu-ecs-2018.pdf},\nkeywords = {Local atmospheric effect, Remote atmospheric effect, Storm\n  surge, Spatial distribution, Sea level rise, Typhoon track},\nabstract = {\nA 2-D unstructured finite element model is used to study how local and\nremote atmospheric forcing, sea level rise, and shoreline variation\naffect typhoon-induced storm surge in a small shallow bay, Zhanjiang\nHarbor (ZH). In this research, the spatial distribution of storm surge\nis divided into three patterns in ZH, denoted E-W, N-S, and S-N, using\na quantitative method. In the Bay, local atmospheric effects (LAE) and\nremote atmospheric effects (RAE) both play important roles in the\nmaximum residual water level. The contribution of RAE to the inflow is\nhigher than that of the LAE, but the former is less important in the\nspatial distribution in ZH. In addition, the typhoon track influences\nthe time of occurrence of the maximum surge by forcing the outer\nwaters to ZH, then the spatial distribution of the surge residual in\nthe bay is controlled by local winds, and different regions are\nthreatened during different kinds of storm surge processes. Two sea\nlevel rise scenarios are set up in the paper as well, and the results\nshow that the trends of the changes in LAE and RAE in the inner-bay\nare the opposite in the case of sea level rise; however, the total\nchanges of the distribution are not the same in different\ncategories. In general, the E-W category storm surge is weakened,\nwhile the N-S and S-N category storm surges have inverse changes in\nthe north and south of ZH. There is a downward trend of the maximum\nsurge gradient within the Bay, but relative to sea level rise itself\nthis effect is not obvious. The establishment of the sea embankment\nincreased the storm surge within the bay though it is not significant.}\n}\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  A 2-D unstructured finite element model is used to study how local and remote atmospheric forcing, sea level rise, and shoreline variation affect typhoon-induced storm surge in a small shallow bay, Zhanjiang Harbor (ZH). In this research, the spatial distribution of storm surge is divided into three patterns in ZH, denoted E-W, N-S, and S-N, using a quantitative method. In the Bay, local atmospheric effects (LAE) and remote atmospheric effects (RAE) both play important roles in the maximum residual water level. The contribution of RAE to the inflow is higher than that of the LAE, but the former is less important in the spatial distribution in ZH. In addition, the typhoon track influences the time of occurrence of the maximum surge by forcing the outer waters to ZH, then the spatial distribution of the surge residual in the bay is controlled by local winds, and different regions are threatened during different kinds of storm surge processes. Two sea level rise scenarios are set up in the paper as well, and the results show that the trends of the changes in LAE and RAE in the inner-bay are the opposite in the case of sea level rise; however, the total changes of the distribution are not the same in different categories. In general, the E-W category storm surge is weakened, while the N-S and S-N category storm surges have inverse changes in the north and south of ZH. There is a downward trend of the maximum surge gradient within the Bay, but relative to sea level rise itself this effect is not obvious. The establishment of the sea embankment increased the storm surge within the bay though it is not significant.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"baugh-dyer-statebasedformalmethodsinscientificcomputation-2018\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"https://jwbaugh.github.io/papers/baugh-abz-2018.pdf\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'baugh-dyer-statebasedformalmethodsinscientificcomputation-2018', 'https://jwbaugh.github.io/papers/baugh-abz-2018.pdf', event);\">\n    State-based formal methods in scientific computation.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  <a class=\"bibbase author link\" href=\"https://jwbaugh.github.io/\">Baugh, J.</a>;  and Dyer, T.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  In <i>Abstract State Machines, Alloy, B, TLA, VDM, and Z: 6th International Conference, ABZ 2018</i>, pages 392-396, Cham,  2018. Springer\n  <span class=\"note\">Lecture Notes in Computer Science 10817</span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"https://jwbaugh.github.io/papers/baugh-abz-2018.pdf\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('baugh-dyer-statebasedformalmethodsinscientificcomputation-2018', 'https://jwbaugh.github.io/papers/baugh-abz-2018.pdf', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/pdf.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"State-based formal methods in scientific computation [pdf]\"\n       title=\" pdf\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\"> pdf</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-91271-4_29\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('baugh-dyer-statebasedformalmethodsinscientificcomputation-2018', 'http://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-91271-4_29', event.ctrlKey)\"\n     class=\"bibbase doi link\">\n    <span>doi</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/baugh-dyer-statebasedformalmethodsinscientificcomputation-2018\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <span class=\"bibbase_stats_paper\" style=\"color: #777;\">\n    <span>3 downloads</span>\n  </span>\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('baugh-dyer-statebasedformalmethodsinscientificcomputation-2018')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@inproceedings{baugh-abz-2018,\ntitle = {State-based formal methods in scientific computation},\nauthor = {Baugh, John and Dyer, Tristan},\nOPTeditor = {Butler, Michael and Raschke, Alexander and Hoang, Thai Son\n  and Reichl, Klaus},\nbooktitle = {Abstract State Machines, Alloy, B, TLA, VDM, and Z: 6th\n  International Conference, ABZ 2018},\nnote = {Lecture Notes in Computer Science 10817},\npages = {392-396},\naddress = {Cham},\nyear = {2018},\npublisher = {Springer},\nisbn = {978-3-319-91271-4},\ndoi = {10.1007/978-3-319-91271-4_29},\nurl_pdf = {papers/baugh-abz-2018.pdf},\nabstract = {\nControl systems, protocols, and hardware design are among the most\ncommon applications of state-based formal methods, and yet the types\nof modeling and analysis they enable are also well-suited to problems\nin scientific computation, where quality, reproducibility, and\nproductivity are growing concerns. We survey the challenges faced by\ndevelopers of scientific software, characterize the nature of the\nprograms they write, and offer some perspective on the role that\nstate-based methods can play in scientific domains.}\n}                  \n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  Control systems, protocols, and hardware design are among the most common applications of state-based formal methods, and yet the types of modeling and analysis they enable are also well-suited to problems in scientific computation, where quality, reproducibility, and productivity are growing concerns. We survey the challenges faced by developers of scientific software, characterize the nature of the programs they write, and offer some perspective on the role that state-based methods can play in scientific domains.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"baugh-altuntas-formalmethodsandfiniteelementanalysisofhurricanestormsurgeacasestudyinsoftwareverification-2018\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"https://jwbaugh.github.io/papers/baugh-scp-2018.pdf\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'baugh-altuntas-formalmethodsandfiniteelementanalysisofhurricanestormsurgeacasestudyinsoftwareverification-2018', 'https://jwbaugh.github.io/papers/baugh-scp-2018.pdf', event);\">\n    Formal methods and finite element analysis of hurricane storm surge: A case study in software verification.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  <a class=\"bibbase author link\" href=\"https://jwbaugh.github.io/\">Baugh, J.</a>;  and Altuntas, A.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  <i>Science of Computer Programming</i>, 158: 100-121.  2018.\n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"https://jwbaugh.github.io/papers/baugh-scp-2018.pdf\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('baugh-altuntas-formalmethodsandfiniteelementanalysisofhurricanestormsurgeacasestudyinsoftwareverification-2018', 'https://jwbaugh.github.io/papers/baugh-scp-2018.pdf', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/pdf.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"Formal methods and finite element analysis of hurricane storm surge: A case study in software verification [pdf]\"\n       title=\" pdf\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\"> pdf</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.org/10.1016/j.scico.2017.08.012\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('baugh-altuntas-formalmethodsandfiniteelementanalysisofhurricanestormsurgeacasestudyinsoftwareverification-2018', 'http://doi.org/10.1016/j.scico.2017.08.012', event.ctrlKey)\"\n     class=\"bibbase doi link\">\n    <span>doi</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/baugh-altuntas-formalmethodsandfiniteelementanalysisofhurricanestormsurgeacasestudyinsoftwareverification-2018\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <span class=\"bibbase_stats_paper\" style=\"color: #777;\">\n    <span>11 downloads</span>\n  </span>\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('baugh-altuntas-formalmethodsandfiniteelementanalysisofhurricanestormsurgeacasestudyinsoftwareverification-2018')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@article{baugh-scp-2018,\ntitle = {Formal methods and finite element analysis of hurricane storm\n  surge: A case study in software verification},\nauthor = {John Baugh and Alper Altuntas},\njournal = {Science of Computer Programming},\nvolume = {158},\npages = {100-121},\nyear = {2018},\nOPTnote = {Abstract State Machines, Alloy, B, TLA, VDM and Z (ABZ 2016)},\nissn = {0167-6423},\ndoi = {10.1016/j.scico.2017.08.012},\nOPTurl = {{http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167642317301715}},\nurl_pdf = {papers/baugh-scp-2018.pdf},\nkeywords = {Formal methods, Model checking, Scientific computing,\n  Earth and atmospheric sciences},\nabstract = {\nUsed to predict the effects of hurricane storm surge, ocean\ncirculation models are essential tools for evacuation planning,\nvulnerability assessment, and infrastructure design.  Implemented as\nnumerical solvers that operate on large-scale datasets, these models\ndetermine the geographic extent and severity of coastal floods and\nother impacts.  In this study, we look at an ocean circulation model\nused in production and an extension made to it that offers substantial\nperformance gains.  To explore implementation choices and ensure\nsoundness of the extension, we make use of Alloy, a declarative\nmodeling language with tool support and an automatic form of analysis\nperformed within a bounded scope using a SAT solver.  Abstractions for\nrelevant parts of the ocean circulation model are presented, including\nthe physical representation of land and seafloor surfaces as a finite\nelement mesh, and an algorithm operating on it that allows for the\npropagation of overland flows.  The approach allows us to draw useful\nconclusions about implementation choices and guarantees about the\nextension, in particular that it is equivalence preserving.}\n}\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  Used to predict the effects of hurricane storm surge, ocean circulation models are essential tools for evacuation planning, vulnerability assessment, and infrastructure design. Implemented as numerical solvers that operate on large-scale datasets, these models determine the geographic extent and severity of coastal floods and other impacts. In this study, we look at an ocean circulation model used in production and an extension made to it that offers substantial performance gains. To explore implementation choices and ensure soundness of the extension, we make use of Alloy, a declarative modeling language with tool support and an automatic form of analysis performed within a bounded scope using a SAT solver. Abstractions for relevant parts of the ocean circulation model are presented, including the physical representation of land and seafloor surfaces as a finite element mesh, and an algorithm operating on it that allows for the propagation of overland flows. The approach allows us to draw useful conclusions about implementation choices and guarantees about the extension, in particular that it is equivalence preserving.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n\n\n\n    </div>\n  </div>\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_group_whole\" id=\"group_2017\">\n    <div class=\"bibbase_group\"\n      onclick=\"toggleGroup('group_2017')\"\n      onkeypress=\"toggleGroup('group_2017')\"\n      tabindex=\"0\">\n      <i class=\"fa fa-angle-down bibbase_group_head_icon\"></i>&nbsp;\n      <span>2017</span>\n      <span class=\"bibbase_group_count\">\n        \n        (2)\n        \n      </span>\n    </div>\n    <div class=\"bibbase_group_body\">\n      \n  \n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"altuntas-baugh-verifyingconcurrencyinanadaptiveoceancirculationmodel-2017\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"https://jwbaugh.github.io/papers/altuntas-correctness-2017.pdf\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'altuntas-baugh-verifyingconcurrencyinanadaptiveoceancirculationmodel-2017', 'https://jwbaugh.github.io/papers/altuntas-correctness-2017.pdf', event);\">\n    Verifying concurrency in an adaptive ocean circulation model.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Altuntas, A.;  and <a class=\"bibbase author link\" href=\"https://jwbaugh.github.io/\">Baugh, J.</a>\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  In <i>Proceedings of the First International Workshop on Software Correctness for HPC Applications, Correctness'17</i>, pages 1-7,  2017. ACM\n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"https://jwbaugh.github.io/papers/altuntas-correctness-2017.pdf\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('altuntas-baugh-verifyingconcurrencyinanadaptiveoceancirculationmodel-2017', 'https://jwbaugh.github.io/papers/altuntas-correctness-2017.pdf', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/pdf.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"Verifying concurrency in an adaptive ocean circulation model [pdf]\"\n       title=\" pdf\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\"> pdf</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.org/10.1145/3145344.3145346\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('altuntas-baugh-verifyingconcurrencyinanadaptiveoceancirculationmodel-2017', 'http://doi.org/10.1145/3145344.3145346', event.ctrlKey)\"\n     class=\"bibbase doi link\">\n    <span>doi</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/altuntas-baugh-verifyingconcurrencyinanadaptiveoceancirculationmodel-2017\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <span class=\"bibbase_stats_paper\" style=\"color: #777;\">\n    <span>1 download</span>\n  </span>\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('altuntas-baugh-verifyingconcurrencyinanadaptiveoceancirculationmodel-2017')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@inproceedings{altuntas-correctness-2017,\nauthor = {Altuntas, Alper and Baugh, John},\ntitle = {Verifying concurrency in an adaptive ocean circulation model},\nbooktitle = {Proceedings of the First International Workshop on\n  Software Correctness for {HPC} Applications, {Correctness&#x27;17}},\nyear = {2017},\nisbn = {978-1-4503-5127-0},\nlocation = {Denver, CO, USA},\npages = {1-7},\ndoi = {10.1145/3145344.3145346},\nOPTurl = {{http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/3145344.3145346}},\nurl_pdf = {papers/altuntas-correctness-2017.pdf},\nacmid = {3145346},\npublisher = {ACM},\nOPTaddress = {New York, NY, USA},\nkeywords = {Scientific computing, concurrency, finite element\n  analysis, hurricane storm surge, model checking},\nabstract = {\nWe present a model checking approach for verifying the correctness of\nconcurrency in numerical models.  The forms of concurrency we address\nare from (1) coupled modeling where distinct components, e.g., ocean,\nwave, and atmospheric, exchange interface conditions during runtime,\nand (2) multi-instance modeling where local variations of the same\nnumerical model are executed concurrently to minimize common (and\ntherefore redundant) computations. We present general guidelines for\nrepresenting these forms of concurrency in an abstract verification\nmodel and then apply them to an adaptive ocean circulation model that\ndetermines the geographic extent and severity of coastal floods. The\nocean model employs multi-instance concurrency: a collection of\nengineering design and failure scenarios are concurrently simulated\nusing patches, regions of a grid that grow and shrink based on the\nhydrodynamic changes induced by each scenario. We show how concurrency\ninherent in the simulation model can be represented in a verification\nmodel to ensure correctness and to automatically generate safe\nsynchronization arrangements.}\n}\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  We present a model checking approach for verifying the correctness of concurrency in numerical models. The forms of concurrency we address are from (1) coupled modeling where distinct components, e.g., ocean, wave, and atmospheric, exchange interface conditions during runtime, and (2) multi-instance modeling where local variations of the same numerical model are executed concurrently to minimize common (and therefore redundant) computations. We present general guidelines for representing these forms of concurrency in an abstract verification model and then apply them to an adaptive ocean circulation model that determines the geographic extent and severity of coastal floods. The ocean model employs multi-instance concurrency: a collection of engineering design and failure scenarios are concurrently simulated using patches, regions of a grid that grow and shrink based on the hydrodynamic changes induced by each scenario. We show how concurrency inherent in the simulation model can be represented in a verification model to ensure correctness and to automatically generate safe synchronization arrangements.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"altuntas-baugh-adaptivesubdomainmodelingamultianalysistechniqueforoceancirculationmodels-2017\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"https://jwbaugh.github.io/papers/altuntas-ocemod-2017.pdf\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'altuntas-baugh-adaptivesubdomainmodelingamultianalysistechniqueforoceancirculationmodels-2017', 'https://jwbaugh.github.io/papers/altuntas-ocemod-2017.pdf', event);\">\n    Adaptive subdomain modeling: A multi-analysis technique for ocean circulation models.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Altuntas, A.;  and <a class=\"bibbase author link\" href=\"https://jwbaugh.github.io/\">Baugh, J.</a>\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  <i>Ocean Modelling</i>, 115: 86-104.  2017.\n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"https://jwbaugh.github.io/papers/altuntas-ocemod-2017.pdf\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('altuntas-baugh-adaptivesubdomainmodelingamultianalysistechniqueforoceancirculationmodels-2017', 'https://jwbaugh.github.io/papers/altuntas-ocemod-2017.pdf', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/pdf.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"Adaptive subdomain modeling: A multi-analysis technique for ocean circulation models [pdf]\"\n       title=\" pdf\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\"> pdf</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.org/10.1016/j.ocemod.2017.05.009\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('altuntas-baugh-adaptivesubdomainmodelingamultianalysistechniqueforoceancirculationmodels-2017', 'http://doi.org/10.1016/j.ocemod.2017.05.009', event.ctrlKey)\"\n     class=\"bibbase doi link\">\n    <span>doi</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/altuntas-baugh-adaptivesubdomainmodelingamultianalysistechniqueforoceancirculationmodels-2017\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <span class=\"bibbase_stats_paper\" style=\"color: #777;\">\n    <span>1 download</span>\n  </span>\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('altuntas-baugh-adaptivesubdomainmodelingamultianalysistechniqueforoceancirculationmodels-2017')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@article{altuntas-ocemod-2017,\ntitle = {Adaptive subdomain modeling: A multi-analysis technique for\n  ocean circulation models},\nauthor = {Alper Altuntas and John Baugh},\njournal = {Ocean Modelling},\nvolume = {115},\npages = {86-104},\nyear = {2017},\nissn = {1463-5003},\ndoi = {10.1016/j.ocemod.2017.05.009},\nOPTurl = {{http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S146350031730080X}},\nurl_pdf = {papers/altuntas-ocemod-2017.pdf},\nkeywords = {Storm surge, Adaptive algorithm, Subdomain modeling,\n  Moving boundaries, ADCIRC},\nabstract = {\nMany coastal and ocean processes of interest operate over large\ntemporal and geographical scales and require a substantial amount of\ncomputational resources, particularly when engineering design and\nfailure scenarios are also considered. This study presents an adaptive\nmulti-analysis technique that improves the efficiency of these\ncomputations when multiple alternatives are being simulated.  The\ntechnique, called adaptive subdomain modeling, concurrently analyzes\nany number of child domains, with each instance corresponding to a\nunique design or failure scenario, in addition to a full-scale parent\ndomain providing the boundary conditions for its children.  To contain\nthe altered hydrodynamics originating from the modifications, the\nspatial extent of each child domain is adaptively adjusted during\nruntime depending on the response of the model. The technique is\nincorporated in ADCIRC++, a re-implementation of the popular ADCIRC\nocean circulation model with an updated software architecture designed\nto facilitate this adaptive behavior and to utilize concurrent\nexecutions of multiple domains. The results of our case studies\nconfirm that the method substantially reduces computational effort\nwhile maintaining accuracy.}\n}\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  Many coastal and ocean processes of interest operate over large temporal and geographical scales and require a substantial amount of computational resources, particularly when engineering design and failure scenarios are also considered. This study presents an adaptive multi-analysis technique that improves the efficiency of these computations when multiple alternatives are being simulated. The technique, called adaptive subdomain modeling, concurrently analyzes any number of child domains, with each instance corresponding to a unique design or failure scenario, in addition to a full-scale parent domain providing the boundary conditions for its children. To contain the altered hydrodynamics originating from the modifications, the spatial extent of each child domain is adaptively adjusted during runtime depending on the response of the model. The technique is incorporated in ADCIRC++, a re-implementation of the popular ADCIRC ocean circulation model with an updated software architecture designed to facilitate this adaptive behavior and to utilize concurrent executions of multiple domains. The results of our case studies confirm that the method substantially reduces computational effort while maintaining accuracy.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n\n\n\n    </div>\n  </div>\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_group_whole\" id=\"group_2016\">\n    <div class=\"bibbase_group\"\n      onclick=\"toggleGroup('group_2016')\"\n      onkeypress=\"toggleGroup('group_2016')\"\n      tabindex=\"0\">\n      <i class=\"fa fa-angle-down bibbase_group_head_icon\"></i>&nbsp;\n      <span>2016</span>\n      <span class=\"bibbase_group_count\">\n        \n        (3)\n        \n      </span>\n    </div>\n    <div class=\"bibbase_group_body\">\n      \n  \n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"baugh-liu-ageneralcharacterizationofthehardycrossmethodassequentialandmultiprocessalgorithms-2016\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"https://jwbaugh.github.io/papers/baugh-istruc-2016.pdf\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'baugh-liu-ageneralcharacterizationofthehardycrossmethodassequentialandmultiprocessalgorithms-2016', 'https://jwbaugh.github.io/papers/baugh-istruc-2016.pdf', event);\">\n    A general characterization of the Hardy Cross method as sequential and multiprocess algorithms.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  <a class=\"bibbase author link\" href=\"https://jwbaugh.github.io/\">Baugh, J.</a>;  and Liu, S.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  <i>Structures</i>, 6: 170-181.  2016.\n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"https://jwbaugh.github.io/papers/baugh-istruc-2016.pdf\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('baugh-liu-ageneralcharacterizationofthehardycrossmethodassequentialandmultiprocessalgorithms-2016', 'https://jwbaugh.github.io/papers/baugh-istruc-2016.pdf', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/pdf.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"A general characterization of the Hardy Cross method as sequential and multiprocess algorithms [pdf]\"\n       title=\" pdf\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\"> pdf</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.org/10.1016/j.istruc.2016.03.004\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('baugh-liu-ageneralcharacterizationofthehardycrossmethodassequentialandmultiprocessalgorithms-2016', 'http://doi.org/10.1016/j.istruc.2016.03.004', event.ctrlKey)\"\n     class=\"bibbase doi link\">\n    <span>doi</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/baugh-liu-ageneralcharacterizationofthehardycrossmethodassequentialandmultiprocessalgorithms-2016\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <span class=\"bibbase_stats_paper\" style=\"color: #777;\">\n    <span>4 downloads</span>\n  </span>\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('baugh-liu-ageneralcharacterizationofthehardycrossmethodassequentialandmultiprocessalgorithms-2016')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@article{baugh-istruc-2016,\ntitle = {A general characterization of the {Hardy} {Cross} method as\n  sequential and multiprocess algorithms},\nauthor = {Baugh, John and Liu, Shu},\njournal = {Structures},\nvolume = {6},\npages = {170-181},\nyear = {2016},\nissn = {2352-0124},\ndoi = {10.1016/j.istruc.2016.03.004},\nOPTurl = {{https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352012416300054}},\nurl_pdf = {papers/baugh-istruc-2016.pdf},\nkeywords = {Algorithms, Concurrency, Convergence, Hardy Cross method,\n  Moment distribution},\nabstract = {\nThe Hardy Cross method of moment distribution admits, for any problem,\nan entire family of distribution sequences.  Intuitively, the method\ninvolves clamping the joints of beams and frames against rotation and\nbalancing moments iteratively, whether consecutively, simultaneously,\nor in some combination of the two. We present common versions of the\nmoment distribution algorithm and generalizations of them as both\nsequential and multiprocess algorithms, with the latter exhibiting the\nfull range of asynchronous behavior allowed by the method.  We prove,\nin the limit, that processes so defined converge to the same unique\nsolution regardless of the distribution sequence or interleaving of\nsteps. In defining the algorithms, we avoid overspecifying the order\nof computation initially using a sequential, nondeterministic process,\nand then more generally using concurrent processes.}\n}\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  The Hardy Cross method of moment distribution admits, for any problem, an entire family of distribution sequences. Intuitively, the method involves clamping the joints of beams and frames against rotation and balancing moments iteratively, whether consecutively, simultaneously, or in some combination of the two. We present common versions of the moment distribution algorithm and generalizations of them as both sequential and multiprocess algorithms, with the latter exhibiting the full range of asynchronous behavior allowed by the method. We prove, in the limit, that processes so defined converge to the same unique solution regardless of the distribution sequence or interleaving of steps. In defining the algorithms, we avoid overspecifying the order of computation initially using a sequential, nondeterministic process, and then more generally using concurrent processes.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"baugh-altuntas-modelingadiscretewetdryalgorithmforhurricanestormsurgeinalloy-2016\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"https://jwbaugh.github.io/papers/baugh-abz-2016.pdf\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'baugh-altuntas-modelingadiscretewetdryalgorithmforhurricanestormsurgeinalloy-2016', 'https://jwbaugh.github.io/papers/baugh-abz-2016.pdf', event);\">\n    Modeling a discrete wet-dry algorithm for hurricane storm surge in Alloy.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  <a class=\"bibbase author link\" href=\"https://jwbaugh.github.io/\">Baugh, J.</a>;  and Altuntas, A.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  In <i>Abstract State Machines, Alloy, B, TLA, VDM, and Z: 5th International Conference, ABZ 2016</i>, pages 256-261, Cham,  2016. Springer\n  <span class=\"note\">Lecture Notes in Computer Science 9675</span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"https://jwbaugh.github.io/papers/baugh-abz-2016.pdf\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('baugh-altuntas-modelingadiscretewetdryalgorithmforhurricanestormsurgeinalloy-2016', 'https://jwbaugh.github.io/papers/baugh-abz-2016.pdf', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/pdf.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"Modeling a discrete wet-dry algorithm for hurricane storm surge in Alloy [pdf]\"\n       title=\" pdf\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\"> pdf</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-33600-8_18\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('baugh-altuntas-modelingadiscretewetdryalgorithmforhurricanestormsurgeinalloy-2016', 'http://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-33600-8_18', event.ctrlKey)\"\n     class=\"bibbase doi link\">\n    <span>doi</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/baugh-altuntas-modelingadiscretewetdryalgorithmforhurricanestormsurgeinalloy-2016\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <span class=\"bibbase_stats_paper\" style=\"color: #777;\">\n    <span>1 download</span>\n  </span>\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('baugh-altuntas-modelingadiscretewetdryalgorithmforhurricanestormsurgeinalloy-2016')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@inproceedings{baugh-abz-2016,\ntitle = {Modeling a discrete wet-dry algorithm for hurricane storm\n  surge in {Alloy}},\nauthor = {Baugh, John and Altuntas, Alper},\nOPTeditor = {Butler, Michael and Schewe, Klaus-Dieter and Mashkoor, Atif\n  and Biro, Miklos},\nbooktitle = {Abstract State Machines, Alloy, B, TLA, VDM, and Z: 5th\n  International Conference, ABZ 2016},\nnote = {Lecture Notes in Computer Science 9675},\npages = {256-261},\naddress = {Cham},\nyear = {2016},\npublisher = {Springer},\nisbn = {978-3-319-33600-8},\ndoi = {10.1007/978-3-319-33600-8_18},\nurl_pdf = {papers/baugh-abz-2016.pdf},\nabstract = {\nWe describe an Alloy model that helps check the correctness of a\ndiscrete wet-dry algorithm used in a system for hurricane storm surge\nprediction. Derived from simplified physics and encoded with empirical\nrules, the algorithm operates on a finite element mesh to allow the\npropagation of overland flows. Our study is motivated by complex\ninteractions between the algorithm and a recent performance\nenhancement to the system that involves mesh partitioning. We briefly\noutline our approach and describe safety properties of the extension,\nas well as directions for future work.}\n}\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  We describe an Alloy model that helps check the correctness of a discrete wet-dry algorithm used in a system for hurricane storm surge prediction. Derived from simplified physics and encoded with empirical rules, the algorithm operates on a finite element mesh to allow the propagation of overland flows. Our study is motivated by complex interactions between the algorithm and a recent performance enhancement to the system that involves mesh partitioning. We briefly outline our approach and describe safety properties of the extension, as well as directions for future work.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"dyer-baugh-smtaninterfaceforlocalizedstormsurgemodeling-2016\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"https://jwbaugh.github.io/papers/dyer-ades-2016.pdf\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'dyer-baugh-smtaninterfaceforlocalizedstormsurgemodeling-2016', 'https://jwbaugh.github.io/papers/dyer-ades-2016.pdf', event);\">\n    SMT: An interface for localized storm surge modeling.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Dyer, T.;  and <a class=\"bibbase author link\" href=\"https://jwbaugh.github.io/\">Baugh, J.</a>\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  <i>Advances in Engineering Software</i>, 92: 27-39.  2016.\n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"https://jwbaugh.github.io/papers/dyer-ades-2016.pdf\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('dyer-baugh-smtaninterfaceforlocalizedstormsurgemodeling-2016', 'https://jwbaugh.github.io/papers/dyer-ades-2016.pdf', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/pdf.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"SMT: An interface for localized storm surge modeling [pdf]\"\n       title=\" pdf\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\"> pdf</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.org/10.1016/j.advengsoft.2015.10.003\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('dyer-baugh-smtaninterfaceforlocalizedstormsurgemodeling-2016', 'http://doi.org/10.1016/j.advengsoft.2015.10.003', event.ctrlKey)\"\n     class=\"bibbase doi link\">\n    <span>doi</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/dyer-baugh-smtaninterfaceforlocalizedstormsurgemodeling-2016\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('dyer-baugh-smtaninterfaceforlocalizedstormsurgemodeling-2016')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@article{dyer-ades-2016,\ntitle = {{SMT}: An interface for localized storm surge modeling},\nauthor = {Dyer, Tristan and Baugh, John},\njournal = {Advances in Engineering Software},\nvolume = {92},\npages = {27-39},\nyear = {2016},\nissn = {0965-9978},\ndoi = {10.1016/j.advengsoft.2015.10.003},\nOPTurl = {{http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0965997815001428}},\nurl_pdf = {papers/dyer-ades-2016.pdf},\nkeywords = {ADCIRC, Finite element analysis, Hurricane storm surge,\n  Range search, Subdomain modeling, Visualization},\nabstract = {\nThe devastation wrought by Hurricanes Katrina (2005), Ike (2008), and\nSandy (2012) in recent years continues to underscore the need for\nbetter prediction and preparation in the face of storm surge and\nrising sea levels. Simulations of coastal flooding using physically\nbased hydrodynamic codes like ADCIRC, while very accurate, are also\ncomputationally expensive, making them impractical for iterative\ndesign scenarios that seek to evaluate a range of countermeasures and\npossible failure points. We present a graphical user interface that\nsupports local analysis of engineering design alternatives based on an\nexact reanalysis technique called subdomain modeling, an approach that\nsubstantially reduces the computational effort required. This\ninterface, called the Subdomain Modeling Tool (SMT), streamlines the\npre- and post-processing requirements of subdomain modeling by\nallowing modelers to extract regions of interest interactively and by\norganizing project data on the file system. Software design and\nimplementation issues that make the approach practical, such as a\nnovel range search algorithm, are presented. Descriptions of the\noverall methodology, software architecture, and performance results\nare given, along with a case study demonstrating its use.}\n}\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  The devastation wrought by Hurricanes Katrina (2005), Ike (2008), and Sandy (2012) in recent years continues to underscore the need for better prediction and preparation in the face of storm surge and rising sea levels. Simulations of coastal flooding using physically based hydrodynamic codes like ADCIRC, while very accurate, are also computationally expensive, making them impractical for iterative design scenarios that seek to evaluate a range of countermeasures and possible failure points. We present a graphical user interface that supports local analysis of engineering design alternatives based on an exact reanalysis technique called subdomain modeling, an approach that substantially reduces the computational effort required. This interface, called the Subdomain Modeling Tool (SMT), streamlines the pre- and post-processing requirements of subdomain modeling by allowing modelers to extract regions of interest interactively and by organizing project data on the file system. Software design and implementation issues that make the approach practical, such as a novel range search algorithm, are presented. Descriptions of the overall methodology, software architecture, and performance results are given, along with a case study demonstrating its use.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n\n\n\n    </div>\n  </div>\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_group_whole\" id=\"group_2015\">\n    <div class=\"bibbase_group\"\n      onclick=\"toggleGroup('group_2015')\"\n      onkeypress=\"toggleGroup('group_2015')\"\n      tabindex=\"0\">\n      <i class=\"fa fa-angle-down bibbase_group_head_icon\"></i>&nbsp;\n      <span>2015</span>\n      <span class=\"bibbase_group_count\">\n        \n        (1)\n        \n      </span>\n    </div>\n    <div class=\"bibbase_group_body\">\n      \n  \n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"baugh-altuntas-dyer-simon-anexactreanalysistechniqueforstormsurgeandtidesinageographicregionofinterest-2015\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"https://jwbaugh.github.io/papers/baugh-ceng-2015.pdf\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'baugh-altuntas-dyer-simon-anexactreanalysistechniqueforstormsurgeandtidesinageographicregionofinterest-2015', 'https://jwbaugh.github.io/papers/baugh-ceng-2015.pdf', event);\">\n    An exact reanalysis technique for storm surge and tides in a geographic region of interest.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  <a class=\"bibbase author link\" href=\"https://jwbaugh.github.io/\">Baugh, J.</a>; Altuntas, A.; Dyer, T.;  and Simon, J.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  <i>Coastal Engineering</i>, 97: 60-77.  2015.\n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"https://jwbaugh.github.io/papers/baugh-ceng-2015.pdf\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('baugh-altuntas-dyer-simon-anexactreanalysistechniqueforstormsurgeandtidesinageographicregionofinterest-2015', 'https://jwbaugh.github.io/papers/baugh-ceng-2015.pdf', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/pdf.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"An exact reanalysis technique for storm surge and tides in a geographic region of interest [pdf]\"\n       title=\" pdf\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\"> pdf</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.org/10.1016/j.coastaleng.2014.12.003\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('baugh-altuntas-dyer-simon-anexactreanalysistechniqueforstormsurgeandtidesinageographicregionofinterest-2015', 'http://doi.org/10.1016/j.coastaleng.2014.12.003', event.ctrlKey)\"\n     class=\"bibbase doi link\">\n    <span>doi</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/baugh-altuntas-dyer-simon-anexactreanalysistechniqueforstormsurgeandtidesinageographicregionofinterest-2015\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <span class=\"bibbase_stats_paper\" style=\"color: #777;\">\n    <span>2 downloads</span>\n  </span>\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('baugh-altuntas-dyer-simon-anexactreanalysistechniqueforstormsurgeandtidesinageographicregionofinterest-2015')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@article{baugh-ceng-2015,\ntitle = {An exact reanalysis technique for storm surge and tides in a\n  geographic region of interest},\nauthor = {Baugh, John and Altuntas, Alper and Dyer, Tristan and Simon, Jason},\njournal = {Coastal Engineering},\nvolume = {97},\npages = {60-77},\nyear = {2015},\nissn = {0378-3839},\ndoi = {10.1016/j.coastaleng.2014.12.003},\nOPTurl = {{http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0378383914002208}},\nurl_pdf = {papers/baugh-ceng-2015.pdf},\nkeywords = {ADCIRC, Hurricane, Storm surge, Subdomain modeling},\nabstract = {\nUnderstanding the effects of storm surge in hurricane-prone regions is\nnecessary for protecting public and lifeline services and improving\nresilience. While coastal ocean hydrodynamic models like ADCIRC may be\nused to assess the extent of inundation, the computational cost may be\nprohibitive since many local changes corresponding to design and\nfailure scenarios would ideally be considered. We present an exact\nreanalysis technique and corresponding implementation that enable the\nassessment of local subdomain changes with less computational effort\nthan would be required by a complete resimulation of the full\ndomain. So long as the subdomain is large enough to fully contain the\naltered hydrodynamics, changes may be made and simulations performed\nwithin it without the need to calculate new boundary values. Accurate\nresults are obtained even when subdomain boundary conditions are\nforced only intermittently, and convergence is demonstrated by\nprogressively increasing the frequency at which they are\napplied. Descriptions of the overall methodology, performance results,\nand accuracy, as well as case studies, are presented.}\n}\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  Understanding the effects of storm surge in hurricane-prone regions is necessary for protecting public and lifeline services and improving resilience. While coastal ocean hydrodynamic models like ADCIRC may be used to assess the extent of inundation, the computational cost may be prohibitive since many local changes corresponding to design and failure scenarios would ideally be considered. We present an exact reanalysis technique and corresponding implementation that enable the assessment of local subdomain changes with less computational effort than would be required by a complete resimulation of the full domain. So long as the subdomain is large enough to fully contain the altered hydrodynamics, changes may be made and simulations performed within it without the need to calculate new boundary values. Accurate results are obtained even when subdomain boundary conditions are forced only intermittently, and convergence is demonstrated by progressively increasing the frequency at which they are applied. Descriptions of the overall methodology, performance results, and accuracy, as well as case studies, are presented.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n\n\n\n    </div>\n  </div>\n\n\n\n\n  </div>\n\n\n  <!-- Modal -->\n\n  <!-- <iframe id=\"bibbase_network_frame\" -->\n  <!--         src=\"//bibbase.org/network/control\" -->\n  <!--         style=\"display: none;\"> -->\n  <!-- </iframe> -->\n\n</div>\n"}; document.write(bibbase_data.data);