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\n  \n 2024\n \n \n (1)\n \n \n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Combined treatment of wood with thermosetting resins and phosphorous flame retardants.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Wu, M.; Emmerich, L.; Kurkowiak, K.; and Militz, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n European Journal of Wood and Wood Products, 82(1): 167–174. February 2024.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n \"CombinedPaper\n  \n \n\n \n \n doi\n  \n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n  \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@article{wu_combined_2024,\n\ttitle = {Combined treatment of wood with thermosetting resins and phosphorous flame retardants},\n\tvolume = {82},\n\tissn = {1436-736X},\n\turl = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s00107-023-02012-8},\n\tdoi = {10.1007/s00107-023-02012-8},\n\tabstract = {Wood modification with thermosetting resins results in improved dimensional stability and durability. However, the treatment does not enhance fire resistance. To address this, Scots pine sapwood (Pinus sylvestris L.) was impregnated with thermosetting resins such as 1,3-dimethylol-4,5-dihydroxyethyleneurea, phenol-formaldehyde resin and melamine-formaldehyde resin, along with a phosphorus polyol as the flame retardant. Both weight percent gain and cell wall bulking were measured to investigate the deposition of resin and phosphorus polyol. Fire resistance was assessed through thermogravimetric analysis, Bunsen burner test and mass loss calorimeter. The inclusion of a phosphate polyol improved thermal stability, reduced flammability and heat release. Melamine-formaldehyde resin combined with phosphorus polyol demonstrated self-extinguishing capability with the heat release rate comparable to non-combustible materials inside 400 s. Moreover, the total heat release within 600 s shows an 84\\% reduction compared to untreated wood.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {1},\n\turldate = {2024-01-24},\n\tjournal = {European Journal of Wood and Wood Products},\n\tauthor = {Wu, Muting and Emmerich, Lukas and Kurkowiak, Katarzyna and Militz, Holger},\n\tmonth = feb,\n\tyear = {2024},\n\tpages = {167--174},\n\tfile = {Full Text PDF:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\UKSIKZ9K\\\\Wu et al. - 2024 - Combined treatment of wood with thermosetting resi.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n
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\n Wood modification with thermosetting resins results in improved dimensional stability and durability. However, the treatment does not enhance fire resistance. To address this, Scots pine sapwood (Pinus sylvestris L.) was impregnated with thermosetting resins such as 1,3-dimethylol-4,5-dihydroxyethyleneurea, phenol-formaldehyde resin and melamine-formaldehyde resin, along with a phosphorus polyol as the flame retardant. Both weight percent gain and cell wall bulking were measured to investigate the deposition of resin and phosphorus polyol. Fire resistance was assessed through thermogravimetric analysis, Bunsen burner test and mass loss calorimeter. The inclusion of a phosphate polyol improved thermal stability, reduced flammability and heat release. Melamine-formaldehyde resin combined with phosphorus polyol demonstrated self-extinguishing capability with the heat release rate comparable to non-combustible materials inside 400 s. Moreover, the total heat release within 600 s shows an 84% reduction compared to untreated wood.\n
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\n  \n 2022\n \n \n (1)\n \n \n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Fire-retardant properties of wood modified with sorbitol, citric acid and a phosphorous-based system.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Kurkowiak, K.; Wu, M.; Emmerich, L.; and Militz, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Holzforschung, 0(0). November 2022.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n \"Fire-retardantPaper\n  \n \n\n \n \n doi\n  \n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n  \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n  \n \n 1 download\n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@article{kurkowiak_fire-retardant_2022,\n\ttitle = {Fire-retardant properties of wood modified with sorbitol, citric acid and a phosphorous-based system},\n\tvolume = {0},\n\tissn = {0018-3830, 1437-434X},\n\turl = {https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/hf-2022-0114/html},\n\tdoi = {10.1515/hf-2022-0114},\n\tabstract = {Scots pine sapwood (Pinus sylvestris L.) was modified with an aqueous solution of sorbitol and citric acid (SorCA) and a commercial phosphorus-based fireretardant (FR). The aim of this study was to assess whether the fire behavior can be improved when the SorCA solution is supplemented by an FR and if this effect is resistant to leaching. The fire behavior of modified wood was investigated by a Bunsen burner ignition test, mass loss calorimetry (MLC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The results demonstrated a significantly improved fireretardancy based on a decreased burning rate and a reduced mass loss in the Bunsen burner test. Also, the induced formation of a protective char barrier facilitated by the addition of a FR, reduced the heat release rate and delayed the ignition. The fire-retardant effect was still observed, to the less extent, after a cold-water (EN 84 2020) leaching of the specimens.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {0},\n\turldate = {2022-11-09},\n\tjournal = {Holzforschung},\n\tauthor = {Kurkowiak, Katarzyna and Wu, Muting and Emmerich, Lukas and Militz, Holger},\n\tmonth = nov,\n\tyear = {2022},\n\tfile = {Kurkowiak et al. - 2022 - Fire-retardant properties of wood modified with so.pdf:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\YH27PG3H\\\\Kurkowiak et al. - 2022 - Fire-retardant properties of wood modified with so.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n Scots pine sapwood (Pinus sylvestris L.) was modified with an aqueous solution of sorbitol and citric acid (SorCA) and a commercial phosphorus-based fireretardant (FR). The aim of this study was to assess whether the fire behavior can be improved when the SorCA solution is supplemented by an FR and if this effect is resistant to leaching. The fire behavior of modified wood was investigated by a Bunsen burner ignition test, mass loss calorimetry (MLC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The results demonstrated a significantly improved fireretardancy based on a decreased burning rate and a reduced mass loss in the Bunsen burner test. Also, the induced formation of a protective char barrier facilitated by the addition of a FR, reduced the heat release rate and delayed the ignition. The fire-retardant effect was still observed, to the less extent, after a cold-water (EN 84 2020) leaching of the specimens.\n
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\n  \n 2020\n \n \n (1)\n \n \n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Preparation and Characterization of the Flame Retardant Decorated Plywood Based on the Intumescent Flame Retardant Adhesive.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Wu, M.; Song, W.; Wu, Y.; and Qu, W.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Materials, 13(3): 676. February 2020.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n \"PreparationPaper\n  \n \n\n \n \n doi\n  \n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n  \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@article{wu_preparation_2020,\n\ttitle = {Preparation and {Characterization} of the {Flame} {Retardant} {Decorated} {Plywood} {Based} on the {Intumescent} {Flame} {Retardant} {Adhesive}},\n\tvolume = {13},\n\tissn = {1996-1944},\n\turl = {https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/13/3/676},\n\tdoi = {10.3390/ma13030676},\n\tabstract = {A novel type of flame-retardant decorated plywood (FDP) was designed and prepared based on one kind of intumescent flame-retardant adhesive. The flame-retardant adhesive was composed of the phosphorous-nitrogen flame retardant and melamine urea formaldehyde (MUF) resin. An adhesive was placed between the plywood substrate and the decorative veneer. The shear strength of the FDP satisfied the Class II (GB/T 9846) when the ratio of flame-retardant and MUF was less than 0.65. The thermal stability of the flame-retardant adhesive was measured by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The intumescent behaviors of adhesives were systematically investigated. The morphological and chemical structures of the intumescent char of the flame-retardant adhesive were characterized by the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectra (FTIR), respectively. The fire performance of FDP was assessed by the cone calorimeter and the single burning item test. The FDP exhibited the most effective barrier when the optimized ratio of ammonium polyphosphate (APP) and pentaerythritol (PER) in the adhesive is 3. The flame-retardant class of FDP could be up to class B1(B) according to GB/T 8624.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {3},\n\turldate = {2022-11-11},\n\tjournal = {Materials},\n\tauthor = {Wu, Muting and Song, Wei and Wu, Yuzhang and Qu, Wei},\n\tmonth = feb,\n\tyear = {2020},\n\tpages = {676},\n\tfile = {Volltext:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\Z3JNH2AB\\\\Wu et al. - 2020 - Preparation and Characterization of the Flame Reta.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n A novel type of flame-retardant decorated plywood (FDP) was designed and prepared based on one kind of intumescent flame-retardant adhesive. The flame-retardant adhesive was composed of the phosphorous-nitrogen flame retardant and melamine urea formaldehyde (MUF) resin. An adhesive was placed between the plywood substrate and the decorative veneer. The shear strength of the FDP satisfied the Class II (GB/T 9846) when the ratio of flame-retardant and MUF was less than 0.65. The thermal stability of the flame-retardant adhesive was measured by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The intumescent behaviors of adhesives were systematically investigated. The morphological and chemical structures of the intumescent char of the flame-retardant adhesive were characterized by the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectra (FTIR), respectively. The fire performance of FDP was assessed by the cone calorimeter and the single burning item test. The FDP exhibited the most effective barrier when the optimized ratio of ammonium polyphosphate (APP) and pentaerythritol (PER) in the adhesive is 3. The flame-retardant class of FDP could be up to class B1(B) according to GB/T 8624.\n
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