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\n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Statistical Analysis of Wood Durability Data and Its Effect on a Standardised Classification Scheme.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Brischke, C.; Haase, F.; Bächle, L.; and Bollmus, S.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n
Standards, 3(2): 210–226. June 2023.\n
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\n\n \n \n Paper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@article{brischke_statistical_2023,\n\ttitle = {Statistical {Analysis} of {Wood} {Durability} {Data} and {Its} {Effect} on a {Standardised} {Classification} {Scheme}},\n\tvolume = {3},\n\tissn = {2305-6703},\n\turl = {https://www.mdpi.com/2305-6703/3/2/17},\n\tdoi = {10.3390/standards3020017},\n\tabstract = {The biological durability of wood is an important property for outdoor applications of wood-based products. In temperate climate zones, the most critical biological hazard is wooddestroying fungi, and the European standard EN 350 in combination with EN 113-2 provide guidance on sampling, testing, and classifying wood durability against brown and white rot fungi. However, in their latest revised versions, both standards recommend the use of probability density functions for fitting mass loss data (ML). Subsequently, the durability of wood and its variability should be further characterised. The aim of this study was to statistically analyse the ML data from laboratory agar plate tests with different European-grown wood species and to examine the effect of different statistical treatments on the standardised classification scheme of wood durability. It was concluded that more precise guidance is needed on the sampling procedure since significant differences in durability exist between stem zones. The assignment of dispersion indicators requires a revision to ensure clear, unmistakable, and reproducible durability classification of wood. Deficits in the description of the proposed statistical treatments in both standards became evident. It can be questioned whether the application of probability density functions provides additional information about the variability of wood durability.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {2},\n\turldate = {2023-06-20},\n\tjournal = {Standards},\n\tauthor = {Brischke, Christian and Haase, Felix and Bächle, Lea and Bollmus, Susanne},\n\tmonth = jun,\n\tyear = {2023},\n\tpages = {210--226},\n\tfile = {Brischke et al. - 2023 - Statistical Analysis of Wood Durability Data and I.pdf:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\EQ4652PS\\\\Brischke et al. - 2023 - Statistical Analysis of Wood Durability Data and I.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n The biological durability of wood is an important property for outdoor applications of wood-based products. In temperate climate zones, the most critical biological hazard is wooddestroying fungi, and the European standard EN 350 in combination with EN 113-2 provide guidance on sampling, testing, and classifying wood durability against brown and white rot fungi. However, in their latest revised versions, both standards recommend the use of probability density functions for fitting mass loss data (ML). Subsequently, the durability of wood and its variability should be further characterised. The aim of this study was to statistically analyse the ML data from laboratory agar plate tests with different European-grown wood species and to examine the effect of different statistical treatments on the standardised classification scheme of wood durability. It was concluded that more precise guidance is needed on the sampling procedure since significant differences in durability exist between stem zones. The assignment of dispersion indicators requires a revision to ensure clear, unmistakable, and reproducible durability classification of wood. Deficits in the description of the proposed statistical treatments in both standards became evident. It can be questioned whether the application of probability density functions provides additional information about the variability of wood durability.\n
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\n\n \n \n \n \n \n Laboratory durability testing of preservative treated wood products – first attempts and observations.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Brischke, C.; Sievert, M.; Schilling, M.; and Bollmus, S.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In
Proceedings IRG Annual Meeting, pages 15, Cairns, Australia, June 2023. \n
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\n\n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@inproceedings{brischke_laboratory_2023,\n\taddress = {Cairns, Australia},\n\ttitle = {Laboratory durability testing of preservative treated wood products – first attempts and observations},\n\tdoi = {IRG/WP 23-20697},\n\tabstract = {In the past, durability classes (DC) had been assigned to wood species, sometimes also to homogenously modified wood-based materials such as thermally modified wood. More recently, some standards allow for classifying the biological durability of chemically modified wood, preservative treated wood and wood composites. Even treated products may be subject to durability classification, but necessary methods for representative sampling and testing of treated products are lacking. This study aimed at examining the feasibility and suitability of product testing for a durability classification of treated wood products. Sections of untreated and preservative-treated terrace decking and palisades were incubated with pure cultures of brown and white rot causing basidiomycetes under laboratory conditions. Instead of mass loss, the decayed cross-sectional area was determined and used for comparison. The spatial distribution of fungal decay and wood moisture content had been investigated. The effect of end-grain sealing and prestressing of the specimens on the decay development were examined as well.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tbooktitle = {Proceedings {IRG} {Annual} {Meeting}},\n\tauthor = {Brischke, Christian and Sievert, Marten and Schilling, Max and Bollmus, Susanne},\n\tmonth = jun,\n\tyear = {2023},\n\tpages = {15},\n\tfile = {Brischke et al. - Laboratory durability testing of preservative trea.pdf:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\JN926WXR\\\\Brischke et al. - Laboratory durability testing of preservative trea.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n\n\n
\n In the past, durability classes (DC) had been assigned to wood species, sometimes also to homogenously modified wood-based materials such as thermally modified wood. More recently, some standards allow for classifying the biological durability of chemically modified wood, preservative treated wood and wood composites. Even treated products may be subject to durability classification, but necessary methods for representative sampling and testing of treated products are lacking. This study aimed at examining the feasibility and suitability of product testing for a durability classification of treated wood products. Sections of untreated and preservative-treated terrace decking and palisades were incubated with pure cultures of brown and white rot causing basidiomycetes under laboratory conditions. Instead of mass loss, the decayed cross-sectional area was determined and used for comparison. The spatial distribution of fungal decay and wood moisture content had been investigated. The effect of end-grain sealing and prestressing of the specimens on the decay development were examined as well.\n
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\n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Laboratory Durability Testing of Preservative-Treated Wood Products.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Brischke, C.; Sievert, M.; Schilling, M.; and Bollmus, S.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n
Forests, 14(5): 1001. May 2023.\n
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\n\n \n \n Paper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n
\n
@article{brischke_laboratory_2023-1,\n\ttitle = {Laboratory {Durability} {Testing} of {Preservative}-{Treated} {Wood} {Products}},\n\tvolume = {14},\n\tissn = {1999-4907},\n\turl = {https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4907/14/5/1001},\n\tdoi = {10.3390/f14051001},\n\tabstract = {Recently, certain European standards have allowed for the classification of the biological durability of chemically modified wood and preservative-treated wood, including treated products, but necessary methods for representative sampling and testing are lacking. Instead of sampling from products that can contain areas of varying durability, this study aimed at testing full-size products. Sections of untreated and preservative-treated terrace decking and palisades were incubated with pure cultures of brown and white rot fungi. Instead of mass loss, the decayed cross-sectional area was determined. The spatial distribution of decay and wood moisture content was investigated. After 16 weeks of incubation, all untreated product specimens showed signs of decay independent of the test fungus. The treated specimens were less affected. The mean and the maximum decayed cross-sectional areas were well correlated, for both the total and the sapwood cross-sections. The wood moisture content after incubation was always favorable for fungal decay, but highest where the specimens were in direct contact with the malt agar. Different infestation pathways became evident: (1) from the sapwood mantle, (2) via radial checks, and (3) from the end-grain. The latter should be prevented in order to better mimic real outdoor exposure conditions.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {5},\n\turldate = {2023-05-17},\n\tjournal = {Forests},\n\tauthor = {Brischke, Christian and Sievert, Marten and Schilling, Max and Bollmus, Susanne},\n\tmonth = may,\n\tyear = {2023},\n\tpages = {1001},\n\tfile = {Brischke et al. - 2023 - Laboratory Durability Testing of Preservative-Trea.pdf:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\I5EVDM5X\\\\Brischke et al. - 2023 - Laboratory Durability Testing of Preservative-Trea.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
\n
\n\n\n
\n Recently, certain European standards have allowed for the classification of the biological durability of chemically modified wood and preservative-treated wood, including treated products, but necessary methods for representative sampling and testing are lacking. Instead of sampling from products that can contain areas of varying durability, this study aimed at testing full-size products. Sections of untreated and preservative-treated terrace decking and palisades were incubated with pure cultures of brown and white rot fungi. Instead of mass loss, the decayed cross-sectional area was determined. The spatial distribution of decay and wood moisture content was investigated. After 16 weeks of incubation, all untreated product specimens showed signs of decay independent of the test fungus. The treated specimens were less affected. The mean and the maximum decayed cross-sectional areas were well correlated, for both the total and the sapwood cross-sections. The wood moisture content after incubation was always favorable for fungal decay, but highest where the specimens were in direct contact with the malt agar. Different infestation pathways became evident: (1) from the sapwood mantle, (2) via radial checks, and (3) from the end-grain. The latter should be prevented in order to better mimic real outdoor exposure conditions.\n
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\n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Determination of the Bonding Strength of Finger Joints Using a New Test Specimen Geometry.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Stolze, H.; Gurnik, M.; Kegel, S.; Bollmus, S.; and Militz, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n
Processes, 11(2): 445. February 2023.\n
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\n\n \n \n Paper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@article{stolze_determination_2023,\n\ttitle = {Determination of the {Bonding} {Strength} of {Finger} {Joints} {Using} a {New} {Test} {Specimen} {Geometry}},\n\tvolume = {11},\n\tissn = {2227-9717},\n\turl = {https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9717/11/2/445},\n\tdoi = {10.3390/pr11020445},\n\tabstract = {In this study, a specimen geometry for testing finger joints was developed using finite element simulation and proofed by experimental testing. Six different wood species and three adhesives were used for finger-jointing specimens. With the test specimen geometry, the bonding strength of the finger joints was determined without the usual self-locking of the joint. Under load, the test specimen geometry introduces maximum stress at the beginning of the bond line (adhesive zone). However, the test specimen geometry does not generate a symmetric stress state. The main difficulty here is the flank angle of the finger joint geometry. The wood species and adhesives significantly influenced the performance of the finger joints.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {2},\n\turldate = {2023-02-03},\n\tjournal = {Processes},\n\tauthor = {Stolze, Hannes and Gurnik, Michael and Kegel, Sebastian and Bollmus, Susanne and Militz, Holger},\n\tmonth = feb,\n\tyear = {2023},\n\tpages = {445},\n\tfile = {Stolze et al. - 2023 - Determination of the Bonding Strength of Finger Jo.pdf:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\HISDKZQN\\\\Stolze et al. - 2023 - Determination of the Bonding Strength of Finger Jo.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n In this study, a specimen geometry for testing finger joints was developed using finite element simulation and proofed by experimental testing. Six different wood species and three adhesives were used for finger-jointing specimens. With the test specimen geometry, the bonding strength of the finger joints was determined without the usual self-locking of the joint. Under load, the test specimen geometry introduces maximum stress at the beginning of the bond line (adhesive zone). However, the test specimen geometry does not generate a symmetric stress state. The main difficulty here is the flank angle of the finger joint geometry. The wood species and adhesives significantly influenced the performance of the finger joints.\n
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\n\n \n \n \n \n \n Untersuchung ausgewählter Eigenschaften von Fensterkanteln aus Kiefernkern- und -splintholz.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Hermans, J. P.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Technical Report Wood Biology and Wood Products, Faculty of Forest Sciences and Forest Ecology, University of Goettingen, Göttingen, Germany, September 2023.\n
Prüfer: Prof. Militz, Dr. Bollmus, Stolze\n\n
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\n
@techreport{hermans_untersuchung_2023,\n\taddress = {Göttingen, Germany},\n\ttype = {Bachelor thesis},\n\ttitle = {Untersuchung ausgewählter {Eigenschaften} von {Fensterkanteln} aus {Kiefernkern}- und -splintholz},\n\tlanguage = {de ger},\n\tinstitution = {Wood Biology and Wood Products, Faculty of Forest Sciences and Forest Ecology, University of Goettingen},\n\tauthor = {Hermans, Jan Paul},\n\tmonth = sep,\n\tyear = {2023},\n\tnote = {Prüfer: Prof. Militz, Dr. Bollmus, Stolze},\n\tpages = {39},\n\tfile = {Hermans - 2023 - Untersuchung ausgewählter Eigenschaften von Fenste.pdf:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\34532KJU\\\\Hermans - 2023 - Untersuchung ausgewählter Eigenschaften von Fenste.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n\n \n \n \n \n \n Einfluss von Leckagen auf die Gebrauchsdauer von Dachkonstruktionen bei einem FlachdachWarmdach.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Odinius, T.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Technical Report Wood Biology and Wood Products, Faculty of Forest Sciences and Forest Ecology, University of Goettingen, Göttingen, Germany, September 2023.\n
Prüfer: Dr. S. Bollmus, P. van Niekerk\n\n
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@techreport{odinius_einfluss_2023,\n\taddress = {Göttingen, Germany},\n\ttype = {Bachelor thesis},\n\ttitle = {Einfluss von {Leckagen} auf die {Gebrauchsdauer} von {Dachkonstruktionen} bei einem {FlachdachWarmdach}},\n\tlanguage = {de ger},\n\tinstitution = {Wood Biology and Wood Products, Faculty of Forest Sciences and Forest Ecology, University of Goettingen},\n\tauthor = {Odinius, Thilo},\n\tmonth = sep,\n\tyear = {2023},\n\tnote = {Prüfer: Dr. S. Bollmus, P. van Niekerk},\n\tpages = {35},\n\tfile = {Odinius - 2023 - Einfluss von Leckagen auf die Gebrauchsdauer von D.pdf:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\SC4CDSP6\\\\Odinius - 2023 - Einfluss von Leckagen auf die Gebrauchsdauer von D.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n\n \n \n \n \n \n Untersuchung zum Einfluss von Leckagen auf die Gebrauchsdauer von Holzkonstruktion eines Kaltflachdaches.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Erstling, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Technical Report Wood Biology and Wood Products, Faculty of Forest Sciences and Forest Ecology, University of Goettingen, Göttingen, Germany, September 2023.\n
Prüfer: Dr. S. Bollmus Prüfer: Prof. Dr. C. Brischke\n\n
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@techreport{erstling_untersuchung_2023,\n\taddress = {Göttingen, Germany},\n\ttype = {Bachelor thesis},\n\ttitle = {Untersuchung zum {Einfluss} von {Leckagen} auf die {Gebrauchsdauer} von {Holzkonstruktion} eines {Kaltflachdaches}},\n\tlanguage = {de ger},\n\tinstitution = {Wood Biology and Wood Products, Faculty of Forest Sciences and Forest Ecology, University of Goettingen},\n\tauthor = {Erstling, Hendrik},\n\tmonth = sep,\n\tyear = {2023},\n\tnote = {Prüfer: Dr. S. Bollmus\nPrüfer: Prof. Dr. C. Brischke},\n\tpages = {37},\n\tfile = {Erstling - 2023 - Untersuchung zum Einfluss von Leckagen auf die Geb.pdf:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\ZUVVGV2L\\\\Erstling - 2023 - Untersuchung zum Einfluss von Leckagen auf die Geb.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n\n \n \n \n \n \n Qualität und Umfang von Änderungen der Holzstruktur nach Befall durch Fäulepilze – Quantitative Untersuchung von Holzbauteilen aus der Praxis.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Sommerfeld, N.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Technical Report Wood Biology and Wood Products, Faculty of Forest Sciences and Forest Ecology, University of Goettingen, Göttingen, Germany, November 2023.\n
Prüfer: Dr. Susanne Bollmus Prüfer: Prof. Dr. C. Brischke\n\n
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@techreport{sommerfeld_qualitat_2023,\n\taddress = {Göttingen, Germany},\n\ttype = {Master thesis},\n\ttitle = {Qualität und {Umfang} von Änderungen der {Holzstruktur} nach {Befall} durch {Fäulepilze} – {Quantitative} {Untersuchung} von {Holzbauteilen} aus der {Praxis}},\n\tlanguage = {ger de},\n\tinstitution = {Wood Biology and Wood Products, Faculty of Forest Sciences and Forest Ecology, University of Goettingen},\n\tauthor = {Sommerfeld, Nils},\n\tmonth = nov,\n\tyear = {2023},\n\tnote = {Prüfer: Dr. Susanne Bollmus\nPrüfer: Prof. Dr. C. Brischke},\n\tpages = {75},\n\tfile = {Sommerfeld - 2023 - Qualität und Umfang von Änderungen der Holzstruktu.pdf:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\6KXFHIW7\\\\Sommerfeld - 2023 - Qualität und Umfang von Änderungen der Holzstruktu.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Determination of the Bonding Strength of Finger Joints Using a New Test Specimen Geometry.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Stolze, H.; Gurnik, M.; Kegel, S.; Bollmus, S.; and Militz, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n
Processes, 11(2): 445. February 2023.\n
Number: 2 Publisher: Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute\n\n
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\n\n \n \n Paper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@article{stolze_determination_2023-1,\n\ttitle = {Determination of the {Bonding} {Strength} of {Finger} {Joints} {Using} a {New} {Test} {Specimen} {Geometry}},\n\tvolume = {11},\n\tcopyright = {http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/},\n\tissn = {2227-9717},\n\turl = {https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9717/11/2/445},\n\tdoi = {10.3390/pr11020445},\n\tabstract = {In this study, a specimen geometry for testing finger joints was developed using finite element simulation and proofed by experimental testing. Six different wood species and three adhesives were used for finger-jointing specimens. With the test specimen geometry, the bonding strength of the finger joints was determined without the usual self-locking of the joint. Under load, the test specimen geometry introduces maximum stress at the beginning of the bond line (adhesive zone). However, the test specimen geometry does not generate a symmetric stress state. The main difficulty here is the flank angle of the finger joint geometry. The wood species and adhesives significantly influenced the performance of the finger joints.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {2},\n\turldate = {2024-01-11},\n\tjournal = {Processes},\n\tauthor = {Stolze, Hannes and Gurnik, Michael and Kegel, Sebastian and Bollmus, Susanne and Militz, Holger},\n\tmonth = feb,\n\tyear = {2023},\n\tnote = {Number: 2\nPublisher: Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute},\n\tkeywords = {hardwoods, softwoods, bonding strength, finger joints, adhesive joint design, finite element simulation},\n\tpages = {445},\n\tfile = {Full Text PDF:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\Q42YXSYZ\\\\Stolze et al. - 2023 - Determination of the Bonding Strength of Finger Jo.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n
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\n In this study, a specimen geometry for testing finger joints was developed using finite element simulation and proofed by experimental testing. Six different wood species and three adhesives were used for finger-jointing specimens. With the test specimen geometry, the bonding strength of the finger joints was determined without the usual self-locking of the joint. Under load, the test specimen geometry introduces maximum stress at the beginning of the bond line (adhesive zone). However, the test specimen geometry does not generate a symmetric stress state. The main difficulty here is the flank angle of the finger joint geometry. The wood species and adhesives significantly influenced the performance of the finger joints.\n
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