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\n  \n 2025\n \n \n (4)\n \n \n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Adhesion performance of furfurylated plywood bonded with polyurethane and epoxy adhesives.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Mubarok, M.; , Y. S.; , D.; , M. H.; , V. A.; , M. A. R.; , I. B.; , A.; , W.; , P.; ; and Militz, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Journal of Adhesion Science and Technology, 39(7): 971–992. April 2025.\n Publisher: Taylor & Francis _eprint: https://doi.org/10.1080/01694243.2024.2433692\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n \"AdhesionPaper\n  \n \n\n \n \n doi\n  \n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n  \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
\n 
@article{mubarok_adhesion_2025,\n\ttitle = {Adhesion performance of furfurylated plywood bonded with polyurethane and epoxy adhesives},\n\tvolume = {39},\n\tissn = {0169-4243},\n\turl = {https://doi.org/10.1080/01694243.2024.2433692},\n\tdoi = {10.1080/01694243.2024.2433692},\n\tabstract = {Utilizing furfurylated veneers to improve the quality of plywood has not been extensively studied before. This study investigated the characteristics of plywood made from furfurylated rubberwood (Hevea brasiliensis) veneers at various modification levels. Rubberwood veneers were first impregnated with furfuryl alcohol (FA) at different concentrations (40\\%, 70\\%, and 100\\%) with 3\\% citric acid as a catalyst for FA polymerization at 103 °C. The weight percent gain (WPG), dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), and functional groups of the furfurylated veneers were analyzed. The furfurylated veneers were then used to form three layers of plywood using either polyurethane (PU) or epoxy resin as the adhesive. Various physical, mechanical, and morphological properties of the furfurylated plywood were characterized. The WPG of the veneers impregnated with 40\\%, 70\\%, and 100\\% FA were on average 32.2\\%, 54.1\\%, and 67.9\\%, respectively. DMA and ATR-FTIR analyses revealed differences between the control veneers and the furfurylated veneers. Furfurylation slightly decreased the bonding strength of PU-bonded plywood at 100\\% FA, while the epoxy-bonded plywood remained unchanged at all FA concentrations. Furfurylation reduced the delamination values of plywood, particularly for treatments with 40\\% and 100\\% FA. Moreover, the use of 100\\% FA reduced the thickness swelling, water absorption, and leaching values of the plywood after seven days of water immersion by 43.6\\%, 73.9\\%, and 73.8\\% with PU adhesive, and by 85.7\\%, 69.6\\%, and 80.2\\% with epoxy adhesive, respectively. The formation of furfurylated plywood in this study opens potential opportunities for using low-quality veneers from fast-growing wood species as substitutes for high-quality veneers from natural forests.},\n\tnumber = {7},\n\turldate = {2025-03-27},\n\tjournal = {Journal of Adhesion Science and Technology},\n\tauthor = {Mubarok, Mahdi and , Yusuf Sudo, Hadi and , Dede, Hermawan and , Muhammad Haikal, Arrasuli and , Vallen Arown, Ramadhan and , Muhammad Adly Rahandi, Lubis and , Imam Busyra, Abdillah and , Auliya, Ilmiawati and , Wayan, Darmawan and , Philippe, Gérardin and and Militz, Holger},\n\tmonth = apr,\n\tyear = {2025},\n\tnote = {Publisher: Taylor \\& Francis\n\\_eprint: https://doi.org/10.1080/01694243.2024.2433692},\n\tkeywords = {plywood, furfurylation, polyurethane, epoxy, Dynamic mechanical analysis, rubberwood},\n\tpages = {971--992},\n}\n\n
\n
\n\n\n
\n Utilizing furfurylated veneers to improve the quality of plywood has not been extensively studied before. This study investigated the characteristics of plywood made from furfurylated rubberwood (Hevea brasiliensis) veneers at various modification levels. Rubberwood veneers were first impregnated with furfuryl alcohol (FA) at different concentrations (40%, 70%, and 100%) with 3% citric acid as a catalyst for FA polymerization at 103 °C. The weight percent gain (WPG), dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), and functional groups of the furfurylated veneers were analyzed. The furfurylated veneers were then used to form three layers of plywood using either polyurethane (PU) or epoxy resin as the adhesive. Various physical, mechanical, and morphological properties of the furfurylated plywood were characterized. The WPG of the veneers impregnated with 40%, 70%, and 100% FA were on average 32.2%, 54.1%, and 67.9%, respectively. DMA and ATR-FTIR analyses revealed differences between the control veneers and the furfurylated veneers. Furfurylation slightly decreased the bonding strength of PU-bonded plywood at 100% FA, while the epoxy-bonded plywood remained unchanged at all FA concentrations. Furfurylation reduced the delamination values of plywood, particularly for treatments with 40% and 100% FA. Moreover, the use of 100% FA reduced the thickness swelling, water absorption, and leaching values of the plywood after seven days of water immersion by 43.6%, 73.9%, and 73.8% with PU adhesive, and by 85.7%, 69.6%, and 80.2% with epoxy adhesive, respectively. The formation of furfurylated plywood in this study opens potential opportunities for using low-quality veneers from fast-growing wood species as substitutes for high-quality veneers from natural forests.\n
\n\n\n
\n\n\n
\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Adhesion performance of furfurylated plywood bonded with polyurethane and epoxy adhesives.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Mubarok, M.; , Y. S.; , D.; , M. H.; , V. A.; , M. A. R.; , I. B.; , A.; , W.; , P.; ; and Militz, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Journal of Adhesion Science and Technology, 39(7): 971–992. April 2025.\n Publisher: Taylor & Francis _eprint: https://doi.org/10.1080/01694243.2024.2433692\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n \"AdhesionPaper\n  \n \n\n \n \n doi\n  \n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n  \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
\n 
@article{mubarok_adhesion_2025-1,\n\ttitle = {Adhesion performance of furfurylated plywood bonded with polyurethane and epoxy adhesives},\n\tvolume = {39},\n\tissn = {0169-4243},\n\turl = {https://doi.org/10.1080/01694243.2024.2433692},\n\tdoi = {10.1080/01694243.2024.2433692},\n\tabstract = {Utilizing furfurylated veneers to improve the quality of plywood has not been extensively studied before. This study investigated the characteristics of plywood made from furfurylated rubberwood (Hevea brasiliensis) veneers at various modification levels. Rubberwood veneers were first impregnated with furfuryl alcohol (FA) at different concentrations (40\\%, 70\\%, and 100\\%) with 3\\% citric acid as a catalyst for FA polymerization at 103 °C. The weight percent gain (WPG), dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), and functional groups of the furfurylated veneers were analyzed. The furfurylated veneers were then used to form three layers of plywood using either polyurethane (PU) or epoxy resin as the adhesive. Various physical, mechanical, and morphological properties of the furfurylated plywood were characterized. The WPG of the veneers impregnated with 40\\%, 70\\%, and 100\\% FA were on average 32.2\\%, 54.1\\%, and 67.9\\%, respectively. DMA and ATR-FTIR analyses revealed differences between the control veneers and the furfurylated veneers. Furfurylation slightly decreased the bonding strength of PU-bonded plywood at 100\\% FA, while the epoxy-bonded plywood remained unchanged at all FA concentrations. Furfurylation reduced the delamination values of plywood, particularly for treatments with 40\\% and 100\\% FA. Moreover, the use of 100\\% FA reduced the thickness swelling, water absorption, and leaching values of the plywood after seven days of water immersion by 43.6\\%, 73.9\\%, and 73.8\\% with PU adhesive, and by 85.7\\%, 69.6\\%, and 80.2\\% with epoxy adhesive, respectively. The formation of furfurylated plywood in this study opens potential opportunities for using low-quality veneers from fast-growing wood species as substitutes for high-quality veneers from natural forests.},\n\tnumber = {7},\n\turldate = {2025-03-27},\n\tjournal = {Journal of Adhesion Science and Technology},\n\tauthor = {Mubarok, Mahdi and , Yusuf Sudo, Hadi and , Dede, Hermawan and , Muhammad Haikal, Arrasuli and , Vallen Arown, Ramadhan and , Muhammad Adly Rahandi, Lubis and , Imam Busyra, Abdillah and , Auliya, Ilmiawati and , Wayan, Darmawan and , Philippe, Gérardin and and Militz, Holger},\n\tmonth = apr,\n\tyear = {2025},\n\tnote = {Publisher: Taylor \\& Francis\n\\_eprint: https://doi.org/10.1080/01694243.2024.2433692},\n\tkeywords = {plywood, furfurylation, polyurethane, epoxy, Dynamic mechanical analysis, rubberwood},\n\tpages = {971--992},\n}\n\n
\n
\n\n\n
\n Utilizing furfurylated veneers to improve the quality of plywood has not been extensively studied before. This study investigated the characteristics of plywood made from furfurylated rubberwood (Hevea brasiliensis) veneers at various modification levels. Rubberwood veneers were first impregnated with furfuryl alcohol (FA) at different concentrations (40%, 70%, and 100%) with 3% citric acid as a catalyst for FA polymerization at 103 °C. The weight percent gain (WPG), dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), and functional groups of the furfurylated veneers were analyzed. The furfurylated veneers were then used to form three layers of plywood using either polyurethane (PU) or epoxy resin as the adhesive. Various physical, mechanical, and morphological properties of the furfurylated plywood were characterized. The WPG of the veneers impregnated with 40%, 70%, and 100% FA were on average 32.2%, 54.1%, and 67.9%, respectively. DMA and ATR-FTIR analyses revealed differences between the control veneers and the furfurylated veneers. Furfurylation slightly decreased the bonding strength of PU-bonded plywood at 100% FA, while the epoxy-bonded plywood remained unchanged at all FA concentrations. Furfurylation reduced the delamination values of plywood, particularly for treatments with 40% and 100% FA. Moreover, the use of 100% FA reduced the thickness swelling, water absorption, and leaching values of the plywood after seven days of water immersion by 43.6%, 73.9%, and 73.8% with PU adhesive, and by 85.7%, 69.6%, and 80.2% with epoxy adhesive, respectively. The formation of furfurylated plywood in this study opens potential opportunities for using low-quality veneers from fast-growing wood species as substitutes for high-quality veneers from natural forests.\n
\n\n\n
\n\n\n
\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Enhancing fire resistance in pine wood through DMDHEU resin and phosphate-nitrogen flame retardant synergies.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Wu, M.; Emmerich, L.; and Militz, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n European Journal of Wood and Wood Products, 83(2): 56. April 2025.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n \"EnhancingPaper\n  \n \n\n \n \n doi\n  \n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n  \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
\n 
@article{wu_enhancing_2025,\n\ttitle = {Enhancing fire resistance in pine wood through {DMDHEU} resin and phosphate-nitrogen flame retardant synergies},\n\tvolume = {83},\n\tissn = {0018-3768, 1436-736X},\n\turl = {https://link.springer.com/10.1007/s00107-025-02207-1},\n\tdoi = {10.1007/s00107-025-02207-1},\n\tabstract = {Wood modification with 1,3-dimethylol-4,5-dihydroxyethyleneurea (DMDHEU) has been widely demonstrated to enhance the biological durability and dimension stability of wood, thus it serves a predestined technology to equip wooden products for outdoor applications. However, such technology hardly affects the fire performance of wood, a parameter which gains increasing relevance in the construction sector. Recently, the combination of curing resins with flame retardants has been proposed as a potential approach to enhance the fire performance of wood in a permanent way, hence providing a durable fire protection system. Scots pine sapwood (Pinus sylvestris L.) was impregnated with aqueous compositions of DMDHEU, a commercially available phosphate-nitrogen based fire retardant (adapted for wooden applications) and combinations thereof. The fixation of the flame retardant was assessed on the basis of a cold water leaching process according to EN 84 (2020). The fire performance of the treated wood was assessed through thermal gravimetry analysis (TGA), a Bunsen burner ignition test and mass loss calorimeter. Both wood treated with pure flame retardant and combination of a flame retardant and DMDHEU, demonstrated improvements in thermal stability, reduced flammability and decreased heat release after treatment. Notably, the THR600s of wood treated with DMDHEU in combination with the flame retardant was reduced by 89.3\\% compared to wood treated solely with DMDHEU. However, after the leaching process, the flame retardant happened to leach out almost completely, which was assessed on the basis of a loss in its efficacy related to fire protection. On the contrary, DMDHEU seemed to partially fix the flame retardant inside the wood matrix, which was derived from a persistent enhancement in fire performance, even after wooden specimens passed a cold water leaching.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {2},\n\turldate = {2025-02-13},\n\tjournal = {European Journal of Wood and Wood Products},\n\tauthor = {Wu, Muting and Emmerich, Lukas and Militz, Holger},\n\tmonth = apr,\n\tyear = {2025},\n\tpages = {56},\n\tfile = {Wu et al. - 2025 - Enhancing fire resistance in pine wood through DMD.pdf:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\KCLK8CGF\\\\Wu et al. - 2025 - Enhancing fire resistance in pine wood through DMD.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
\n
\n\n\n
\n Wood modification with 1,3-dimethylol-4,5-dihydroxyethyleneurea (DMDHEU) has been widely demonstrated to enhance the biological durability and dimension stability of wood, thus it serves a predestined technology to equip wooden products for outdoor applications. However, such technology hardly affects the fire performance of wood, a parameter which gains increasing relevance in the construction sector. Recently, the combination of curing resins with flame retardants has been proposed as a potential approach to enhance the fire performance of wood in a permanent way, hence providing a durable fire protection system. Scots pine sapwood (Pinus sylvestris L.) was impregnated with aqueous compositions of DMDHEU, a commercially available phosphate-nitrogen based fire retardant (adapted for wooden applications) and combinations thereof. The fixation of the flame retardant was assessed on the basis of a cold water leaching process according to EN 84 (2020). The fire performance of the treated wood was assessed through thermal gravimetry analysis (TGA), a Bunsen burner ignition test and mass loss calorimeter. Both wood treated with pure flame retardant and combination of a flame retardant and DMDHEU, demonstrated improvements in thermal stability, reduced flammability and decreased heat release after treatment. Notably, the THR600s of wood treated with DMDHEU in combination with the flame retardant was reduced by 89.3% compared to wood treated solely with DMDHEU. However, after the leaching process, the flame retardant happened to leach out almost completely, which was assessed on the basis of a loss in its efficacy related to fire protection. On the contrary, DMDHEU seemed to partially fix the flame retardant inside the wood matrix, which was derived from a persistent enhancement in fire performance, even after wooden specimens passed a cold water leaching.\n
\n\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Theoretical coatability properties of modified woods derived from contact angle, surface free energy and surface tension measurements and experimental correlation.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Alade, A. A.; Stolze, H.; Hoette, C.; and Militz, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Results in Surfaces and Interfaces, 19: 100514. May 2025.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n \"TheoreticalPaper\n  \n \n\n \n \n doi\n  \n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n  \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
\n 
@article{alade_theoretical_2025,\n\ttitle = {Theoretical coatability properties of modified woods derived from contact angle, surface free energy and surface tension measurements and experimental correlation},\n\tvolume = {19},\n\tissn = {2666-8459},\n\turl = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666845925001011},\n\tdoi = {10.1016/j.rsurfi.2025.100514},\n\tabstract = {Synergizing coating and wood modification has the potential to achieve enhanced functionality beyond the natural ability of wood to resist dimensional instability, biodeterioration and weathering degradation. However, wood modification could impact surface thermodynamics and coatability. This study aimed at defining theoretical coatability of modified woods based on adhesion markers, namely work of adhesion, interfacial tension and spreading coefficient, derived from wetting properties and surface energetics. Eight water and solvent-based coatings with different binders that include acrylate, alkyd, natural oil and hybrid-based were explored. Acetylated, 1.3-dimethylol-4.5-dihydroxyethyleneurea-modified, furfurylated, phenol formaldehyde resin-impregnated, and sorbitol/citric acid-modified woods were investigated as substrates. A new parameter, theoretical coating delamination coefficient (CDC), was proposed as a quantitative relation between forces that support and oppose phase separation at the coating-wood interface. Practical coating-wood adhesion performance was evaluated by crosscut, scratch hardness and pull-off strength tests. Both wood modification and coating types influenced the surface energetics of wood and thermodynamic characteristics at the coating-wood interface. Based on Pearson product moment correlation, the association between CDC and actual coating-wood adhesion strength showed strong correlation for unmodified wood but mostly weak correlation for modified woods. Factoring morphological characteristics such as surface roughness could strengthen the CDC and adhesion strength correlation. Compared to traditional experimentation, this theoretical-based approach offers a more efficient method, by reducing time, material and labour inputs, in determining and/or optimizing the coatability of modified woods. This approach could potentially be applied to coatability of other substrates of different material origin or composition.},\n\turldate = {2025-04-11},\n\tjournal = {Results in Surfaces and Interfaces},\n\tauthor = {Alade, Adefemi Adebisi and Stolze, Hannes and Hoette, Christoph and Militz, Holger},\n\tmonth = may,\n\tyear = {2025},\n\tkeywords = {Wood modification, Wettability, Coatings, Interfaces, Surface energetics},\n\tpages = {100514},\n\tfile = {ScienceDirect Snapshot:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\IJ52V5DY\\\\S2666845925001011.html:text/html},\n}\n
\n
\n\n\n
\n Synergizing coating and wood modification has the potential to achieve enhanced functionality beyond the natural ability of wood to resist dimensional instability, biodeterioration and weathering degradation. However, wood modification could impact surface thermodynamics and coatability. This study aimed at defining theoretical coatability of modified woods based on adhesion markers, namely work of adhesion, interfacial tension and spreading coefficient, derived from wetting properties and surface energetics. Eight water and solvent-based coatings with different binders that include acrylate, alkyd, natural oil and hybrid-based were explored. Acetylated, 1.3-dimethylol-4.5-dihydroxyethyleneurea-modified, furfurylated, phenol formaldehyde resin-impregnated, and sorbitol/citric acid-modified woods were investigated as substrates. A new parameter, theoretical coating delamination coefficient (CDC), was proposed as a quantitative relation between forces that support and oppose phase separation at the coating-wood interface. Practical coating-wood adhesion performance was evaluated by crosscut, scratch hardness and pull-off strength tests. Both wood modification and coating types influenced the surface energetics of wood and thermodynamic characteristics at the coating-wood interface. Based on Pearson product moment correlation, the association between CDC and actual coating-wood adhesion strength showed strong correlation for unmodified wood but mostly weak correlation for modified woods. Factoring morphological characteristics such as surface roughness could strengthen the CDC and adhesion strength correlation. Compared to traditional experimentation, this theoretical-based approach offers a more efficient method, by reducing time, material and labour inputs, in determining and/or optimizing the coatability of modified woods. This approach could potentially be applied to coatability of other substrates of different material origin or composition.\n
\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n\n\n
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\n\n
\n
\n  \n 2024\n \n \n (24)\n \n \n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Combined treatment of wood with thermosetting resins and phosphorous flame retardants.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Wu, M.; Emmerich, L.; Kurkowiak, K.; and Militz, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n European Journal of Wood and Wood Products, 82(1): 167–174. February 2024.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n \"CombinedPaper\n  \n \n\n \n \n doi\n  \n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n  \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
\n 
@article{wu_combined_2024,\n\ttitle = {Combined treatment of wood with thermosetting resins and phosphorous flame retardants},\n\tvolume = {82},\n\tissn = {1436-736X},\n\turl = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s00107-023-02012-8},\n\tdoi = {10.1007/s00107-023-02012-8},\n\tabstract = {Wood modification with thermosetting resins results in improved dimensional stability and durability. However, the treatment does not enhance fire resistance. To address this, Scots pine sapwood (Pinus sylvestris L.) was impregnated with thermosetting resins such as 1,3-dimethylol-4,5-dihydroxyethyleneurea, phenol-formaldehyde resin and melamine-formaldehyde resin, along with a phosphorus polyol as the flame retardant. Both weight percent gain and cell wall bulking were measured to investigate the deposition of resin and phosphorus polyol. Fire resistance was assessed through thermogravimetric analysis, Bunsen burner test and mass loss calorimeter. The inclusion of a phosphate polyol improved thermal stability, reduced flammability and heat release. Melamine-formaldehyde resin combined with phosphorus polyol demonstrated self-extinguishing capability with the heat release rate comparable to non-combustible materials inside 400 s. Moreover, the total heat release within 600 s shows an 84\\% reduction compared to untreated wood.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {1},\n\turldate = {2024-01-24},\n\tjournal = {European Journal of Wood and Wood Products},\n\tauthor = {Wu, Muting and Emmerich, Lukas and Kurkowiak, Katarzyna and Militz, Holger},\n\tmonth = feb,\n\tyear = {2024},\n\tpages = {167--174},\n\tfile = {Full Text PDF:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\7U9K4FL6\\\\Wu et al. - 2024 - Combined treatment of wood with thermosetting resi.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
\n
\n\n\n
\n Wood modification with thermosetting resins results in improved dimensional stability and durability. However, the treatment does not enhance fire resistance. To address this, Scots pine sapwood (Pinus sylvestris L.) was impregnated with thermosetting resins such as 1,3-dimethylol-4,5-dihydroxyethyleneurea, phenol-formaldehyde resin and melamine-formaldehyde resin, along with a phosphorus polyol as the flame retardant. Both weight percent gain and cell wall bulking were measured to investigate the deposition of resin and phosphorus polyol. Fire resistance was assessed through thermogravimetric analysis, Bunsen burner test and mass loss calorimeter. The inclusion of a phosphate polyol improved thermal stability, reduced flammability and heat release. Melamine-formaldehyde resin combined with phosphorus polyol demonstrated self-extinguishing capability with the heat release rate comparable to non-combustible materials inside 400 s. Moreover, the total heat release within 600 s shows an 84% reduction compared to untreated wood.\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Dimensional Stability and Mechanical Properties of Gmelina arborea Roxb. Wood Thermally Modified through Open Reactor and Low-Pressure Closed Reactor Systems.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Olaniran, S. O.; and Militz, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Forests, 15(3): 403. March 2024.\n Number: 3 Publisher: Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n \"DimensionalPaper\n  \n \n\n \n \n doi\n  \n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n  \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
\n 
@article{olaniran_dimensional_2024,\n\ttitle = {Dimensional {Stability} and {Mechanical} {Properties} of {Gmelina} arborea {Roxb}. {Wood} {Thermally} {Modified} through {Open} {Reactor} and {Low}-{Pressure} {Closed} {Reactor} {Systems}},\n\tvolume = {15},\n\tcopyright = {http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/},\n\tissn = {1999-4907},\n\turl = {https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4907/15/3/403},\n\tdoi = {10.3390/f15030403},\n\tabstract = {This study focused on the thermal modification of Gmelina arborea Roxb. wood following processes using the open reactor and low-pressure closed reactor systems. The aim is to determine the optimum treatment conditions suitable for gmelina wood due to its poor drying characteristics using the low-pressure closed reactor thermal modification. Subsequent to thermal modification under both processes, the dimensional stability and mechanical properties of gmelina wood were investigated. Effects of the thermal modifications under the open and low-pressure closed reactor systems on mechanical properties were additionally reported. The outcome of this investigation revealed that mass loss increased with increasing treatment temperatures, but minimal mass losses were observed for samples modified in the low-pressure closed reactor system. Due to the low-pressure regime used in the closed reactor system, a lesser improvement was found in volumetric shrinkage, fibre saturation point and tangential-to-radial swelling compared to the improvement in these properties in the open reactor system. Results further revealed that the mechanical properties of gmelina wood deteriorated more rapidly after modification in the open reactor system. Since the properties of modified gmelina wood are comparable at 180 °C under both systems, the closed reactor system will be investigated further to arrive at a suitable treatment condition under higher pressure variations. The thermal modification of gmelina wood with the closed reactor system is more promising in delivering a better quality of modified gmelina wood.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {3},\n\turldate = {2024-02-21},\n\tjournal = {Forests},\n\tauthor = {Olaniran, Samuel Oluyinka and Militz, Holger},\n\tmonth = mar,\n\tyear = {2024},\n\tnote = {Number: 3\nPublisher: Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute},\n\tkeywords = {thermal modification, bending properties, impact bending, volumetric swelling, Brinell hardness, closed reactor system, gmelina wood, open reactor system, T/R ratio},\n\tpages = {403},\n\tfile = {Full Text PDF:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\PP5LUYUP\\\\Olaniran and Militz - 2024 - Dimensional Stability and Mechanical Properties of.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n This study focused on the thermal modification of Gmelina arborea Roxb. wood following processes using the open reactor and low-pressure closed reactor systems. The aim is to determine the optimum treatment conditions suitable for gmelina wood due to its poor drying characteristics using the low-pressure closed reactor thermal modification. Subsequent to thermal modification under both processes, the dimensional stability and mechanical properties of gmelina wood were investigated. Effects of the thermal modifications under the open and low-pressure closed reactor systems on mechanical properties were additionally reported. The outcome of this investigation revealed that mass loss increased with increasing treatment temperatures, but minimal mass losses were observed for samples modified in the low-pressure closed reactor system. Due to the low-pressure regime used in the closed reactor system, a lesser improvement was found in volumetric shrinkage, fibre saturation point and tangential-to-radial swelling compared to the improvement in these properties in the open reactor system. Results further revealed that the mechanical properties of gmelina wood deteriorated more rapidly after modification in the open reactor system. Since the properties of modified gmelina wood are comparable at 180 °C under both systems, the closed reactor system will be investigated further to arrive at a suitable treatment condition under higher pressure variations. The thermal modification of gmelina wood with the closed reactor system is more promising in delivering a better quality of modified gmelina wood.\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Coatings Adhesion on Chemically Modified Scots Pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) Woods.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Alade, A. A.; Hoette, C.; and Militz, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Forests, 15(3): 526. March 2024.\n Number: 3 Publisher: Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n \"CoatingsPaper\n  \n \n\n \n \n doi\n  \n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n  \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n  \n \n 1 download\n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
\n 
@article{alade_coatings_2024,\n\ttitle = {Coatings {Adhesion} on {Chemically} {Modified} {Scots} {Pine} ({Pinus} sylvestris {L}.) {Woods}},\n\tvolume = {15},\n\tcopyright = {http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/},\n\tissn = {1999-4907},\n\turl = {https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4907/15/3/526},\n\tdoi = {10.3390/f15030526},\n\tabstract = {Synergizing coating and wood modification is a promising concept to develop wood products that have multi-qualities that include excellent dimensional stability, durability, and weathering resistance. However, the nature of the modified substrate is a critical parameter for coating adhesion. Chemical modification of wood impacts the physicochemical properties of the wood, which could in turn impact the adhesion of coatings. Therefore, this study investigated the adhesion of seven different coatings to Pinus sylvestris L. woods chemically modified through esterification with acetic anhydride (acetylated), etherification with 1.3-dimethylol-4.5-dihydroxyethyleneurea (DMDHEU), and esterification with sorbitol/citric acid formulation (SorCA). The selected coatings include water-based and solvent-based examples with different binder constituents that include acrylate, alkyd, natural oil, and hybrids. Coating adhesion to the modified wood was evaluated in terms of crosscut resistance to detachment, wear-resistant hardness, and pull-off strength. Chemical modifications yielded positive impacts on coating adhesion compared to unmodified wood. Coatings adhered better to acetylated and DMDHEU-modified P. sylvestris wood than on SorCA-modified wood. Solvent-based coatings had higher adhesion strength on the acetylated, DMDHEU-modified, and unmodified woods than water-based coatings. On the other hand, water-based coatings mostly adhered better to SorCA-modified wood compared to solvent-based coating. Overall, the coating of chemically modified P. sylvestris wood is promising for the development of an enhanced wood protection system.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {3},\n\turldate = {2024-03-13},\n\tjournal = {Forests},\n\tauthor = {Alade, Adefemi Adebisi and Hoette, Christoph and Militz, Holger},\n\tmonth = mar,\n\tyear = {2024},\n\tnote = {Number: 3\nPublisher: Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute},\n\tkeywords = {wood modification, coatings, adhesion, \\textit{Pinus sylvestris}},\n\tpages = {526},\n\tfile = {Full Text PDF:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\SPACHCH4\\\\Alade et al. - 2024 - Coatings Adhesion on Chemically Modified Scots Pin.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n Synergizing coating and wood modification is a promising concept to develop wood products that have multi-qualities that include excellent dimensional stability, durability, and weathering resistance. However, the nature of the modified substrate is a critical parameter for coating adhesion. Chemical modification of wood impacts the physicochemical properties of the wood, which could in turn impact the adhesion of coatings. Therefore, this study investigated the adhesion of seven different coatings to Pinus sylvestris L. woods chemically modified through esterification with acetic anhydride (acetylated), etherification with 1.3-dimethylol-4.5-dihydroxyethyleneurea (DMDHEU), and esterification with sorbitol/citric acid formulation (SorCA). The selected coatings include water-based and solvent-based examples with different binder constituents that include acrylate, alkyd, natural oil, and hybrids. Coating adhesion to the modified wood was evaluated in terms of crosscut resistance to detachment, wear-resistant hardness, and pull-off strength. Chemical modifications yielded positive impacts on coating adhesion compared to unmodified wood. Coatings adhered better to acetylated and DMDHEU-modified P. sylvestris wood than on SorCA-modified wood. Solvent-based coatings had higher adhesion strength on the acetylated, DMDHEU-modified, and unmodified woods than water-based coatings. On the other hand, water-based coatings mostly adhered better to SorCA-modified wood compared to solvent-based coating. Overall, the coating of chemically modified P. sylvestris wood is promising for the development of an enhanced wood protection system.\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Biological resistance of thermally modified Gmelina arborea wood.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Minkah, M.; Afrifah, K. A.; Antwi-Boasiako, C.; Silva, A. P. S. d.; Medeiros, J. R. d.; Paes, J.; Batista, C. V. F.; Brischke, C.; and Militz, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Maderas. Ciencia y tecnología, 26. March 2024.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n \"BiologicalPaper\n  \n \n\n \n \n doi\n  \n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
\n 
@article{minkah_biological_2024,\n\ttitle = {Biological resistance of thermally modified {Gmelina} arborea wood},\n\tvolume = {26},\n\tcopyright = {Copyright (c) 2024},\n\tissn = {0718-221X},\n\turl = {https://revistas.ubiobio.cl/index.php/MCT/article/view/6425},\n\tdoi = {10.22320/s0718221x/2024.36},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\turldate = {2024-03-21},\n\tjournal = {Maderas. Ciencia y tecnología},\n\tauthor = {Minkah, Maxidite and Afrifah, Kojo Agyapong and Antwi-Boasiako, Charles and Silva, Ana Paula Soares da and Medeiros, Jaqueline Rocha de and Paes, Juarez and Batista, Cesar Vicente Ferreira and Brischke, Christian and Militz, Holger},\n\tmonth = mar,\n\tyear = {2024},\n\tkeywords = {Trametes versicolor},\n\tfile = {Full Text PDF:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\NKJMI4CC\\\\Minkah et al. - 2024 - Biological resistance of thermally modified Gmelin.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Modification of plywood with phenol–formaldehyde resin: substitution of phenol by pyrolysis cleavage products of softwood kraft lignin.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Karthäuser, J.; Raskop, S.; Slabohm, M.; and Militz, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n European Journal of Wood and Wood Products, 82(2): 309–319. April 2024.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n \"ModificationPaper\n  \n \n\n \n \n doi\n  \n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n  \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n  \n \n 1 download\n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
\n 
@article{karthauser_modification_2024,\n\ttitle = {Modification of plywood with phenol–formaldehyde resin: substitution of phenol by pyrolysis cleavage products of softwood kraft lignin},\n\tvolume = {82},\n\tissn = {1436-736X},\n\tshorttitle = {Modification of plywood with phenol–formaldehyde resin},\n\turl = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s00107-023-02029-z},\n\tdoi = {10.1007/s00107-023-02029-z},\n\tabstract = {The modification by impregnation of veneers for the production of plywood with phenol–formaldehyde resins is a well-known method to improve the dimensional stability and fungal resistance. Because phenol is obtained from non-renewable resources, finding substitutes has been a topic of research. Due to similarities in chemical structure and availability, lignin cleavage products present a promising alternative. In this study, microwave-assisted pyrolysis cleavage products of softwood kraft lignin have been used to substitute 30\\% of phenol in phenol–formaldehyde resins. Scots pine veneers were impregnated with the resin, and five-layered plywoods were produced. The influence of the substitution on the bonding quality, the dimensional stability, and the leaching of resin from the specimens were studied. Mechanical properties such as the bending strength, the modulus of elasticity, as well as the dynamic impact bending strength of the plywood were analyzed. Both treatments led to plywood with good dimensional stability, and the resin was stable against leaching. The substitution of phenol with lignin cleavage products led to slightly reduced brittleness of the specimens compared to pure phenol–formaldehyde resin. This study presents a method to reduce the use of non-renewable resources, increase the use of currently underutilized lignin sources, and produce plywood with promising properties for exterior applications.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {2},\n\turldate = {2024-03-25},\n\tjournal = {European Journal of Wood and Wood Products},\n\tauthor = {Karthäuser, Johannes and Raskop, Salomé and Slabohm, Maik and Militz, Holger},\n\tmonth = apr,\n\tyear = {2024},\n\tpages = {309--319},\n\tfile = {Full Text PDF:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\993BXYQY\\\\Karthäuser et al. - 2024 - Modification of plywood with phenol–formaldehyde r.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
\n
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\n The modification by impregnation of veneers for the production of plywood with phenol–formaldehyde resins is a well-known method to improve the dimensional stability and fungal resistance. Because phenol is obtained from non-renewable resources, finding substitutes has been a topic of research. Due to similarities in chemical structure and availability, lignin cleavage products present a promising alternative. In this study, microwave-assisted pyrolysis cleavage products of softwood kraft lignin have been used to substitute 30% of phenol in phenol–formaldehyde resins. Scots pine veneers were impregnated with the resin, and five-layered plywoods were produced. The influence of the substitution on the bonding quality, the dimensional stability, and the leaching of resin from the specimens were studied. Mechanical properties such as the bending strength, the modulus of elasticity, as well as the dynamic impact bending strength of the plywood were analyzed. Both treatments led to plywood with good dimensional stability, and the resin was stable against leaching. The substitution of phenol with lignin cleavage products led to slightly reduced brittleness of the specimens compared to pure phenol–formaldehyde resin. This study presents a method to reduce the use of non-renewable resources, increase the use of currently underutilized lignin sources, and produce plywood with promising properties for exterior applications.\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Utilizing pyrolysis cleavage products from softwood kraft lignin as a substitute for phenol in phenol-formaldehyde resins for modifying different wood species.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Karthäuser, J.; Biziks, V.; Roggatz, D.; and Militz, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n European Journal of Wood and Wood Products, 82(3): 761–771. June 2024.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n \"UtilizingPaper\n  \n \n\n \n \n doi\n  \n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n  \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
\n 
@article{karthauser_utilizing_2024,\n\ttitle = {Utilizing pyrolysis cleavage products from softwood kraft lignin as a substitute for phenol in phenol-formaldehyde resins for modifying different wood species},\n\tvolume = {82},\n\tissn = {1436-736X},\n\turl = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s00107-024-02056-4},\n\tdoi = {10.1007/s00107-024-02056-4},\n\tabstract = {Phenol-formaldehyde resins can be used for wood modification through an impregnation process and subsequent curing within the wood cell wall. Phenol is gained from non-renewable resources, and its substitution by renewable chemicals has been a research goal. A promising example for renewable phenol substituents are lignin-derived organic chemicals. Phenol-formaldehyde resins with such substitutions have been studied, however, knowledge of their application for wood modification is deficient. While there are attempts to modify pine and beech wood with this method, studies on other wood species are scarce. Considering the increasing use of different wood species in wood industry, determining the influence of the wood species on the modification quality is an important research goal. Therefore, in this study, vacuum-pressure impregnation of five wood species – Scots pine sapwood (Pinus sylvestris), Norway spruce (Picea abies), European beech (Fagus sylvatica), Silver birch (Betula pendula), and European aspen sapwood (Populus tremula) – with phenol-formaldehyde resins is described. Here, up to 45\\% of the phenol in the synthetic resin is substituted by vacuum low-temperature microwave-assisted pyrolysis cleavage products from commercial softwood kraft lignin. The solution uptake, weight\\% gain, leaching, and anti-swelling efficiency of the modified wood are analyzed and compared. The results indicate that up to 30\\% of the phenol can be substituted without significant decreases in the performance of the modification. The method gives comparable results for most of the wood species described herein, with exception of beech wood, for which the modification had a lower quality. The results could help to develop more environmentally friendly wood modification methods for several common European wood species.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {3},\n\turldate = {2024-05-27},\n\tjournal = {European Journal of Wood and Wood Products},\n\tauthor = {Karthäuser, Johannes and Biziks, Vladimirs and Roggatz, Daniel and Militz, Holger},\n\tmonth = jun,\n\tyear = {2024},\n\tpages = {761--771},\n\tfile = {Full Text PDF:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\MPCPHNRM\\\\Karthäuser et al. - 2024 - Utilizing pyrolysis cleavage products from softwoo.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
\n
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\n Phenol-formaldehyde resins can be used for wood modification through an impregnation process and subsequent curing within the wood cell wall. Phenol is gained from non-renewable resources, and its substitution by renewable chemicals has been a research goal. A promising example for renewable phenol substituents are lignin-derived organic chemicals. Phenol-formaldehyde resins with such substitutions have been studied, however, knowledge of their application for wood modification is deficient. While there are attempts to modify pine and beech wood with this method, studies on other wood species are scarce. Considering the increasing use of different wood species in wood industry, determining the influence of the wood species on the modification quality is an important research goal. Therefore, in this study, vacuum-pressure impregnation of five wood species – Scots pine sapwood (Pinus sylvestris), Norway spruce (Picea abies), European beech (Fagus sylvatica), Silver birch (Betula pendula), and European aspen sapwood (Populus tremula) – with phenol-formaldehyde resins is described. Here, up to 45% of the phenol in the synthetic resin is substituted by vacuum low-temperature microwave-assisted pyrolysis cleavage products from commercial softwood kraft lignin. The solution uptake, weight% gain, leaching, and anti-swelling efficiency of the modified wood are analyzed and compared. The results indicate that up to 30% of the phenol can be substituted without significant decreases in the performance of the modification. The method gives comparable results for most of the wood species described herein, with exception of beech wood, for which the modification had a lower quality. The results could help to develop more environmentally friendly wood modification methods for several common European wood species.\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Flatwise bending strength and stiffness of finger jointed beech lamellas (Fagus sylvatica, L.) using different adhesive systems and effect of finger joint gap size.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Stolze, H.; Alade, A. A.; and Militz, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In 11th Hardwood Conference Proceedings, volume 11, pages 395–401, Sopron, Hungary,, May 2024. University of Sopron Press\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@inproceedings{stolze_flatwise_2024,\n\taddress = {Sopron, Hungary,},\n\ttitle = {Flatwise bending strength and stiffness of finger jointed beech lamellas ({Fagus} sylvatica, {L}.) using different adhesive systems and effect of finger joint gap size},\n\tvolume = {11},\n\tbooktitle = {11th {Hardwood} {Conference} {Proceedings}},\n\tpublisher = {University of Sopron Press},\n\tauthor = {Stolze, Hannes and Alade, Adefemi Adebisi and Militz, Holger},\n\tmonth = may,\n\tyear = {2024},\n\tpages = {395--401},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Unlocking a Potential Deacetylation of Acetylated Beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) LVL.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Slabohm, M.; and Militz, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In 11th Hardwood Conference Proceedings, volume 11, pages 544–548, Sopron, Hungary,, May 2024. University of Sopron Press\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@inproceedings{slabohm_unlocking_2024,\n\taddress = {Sopron, Hungary,},\n\ttitle = {Unlocking a {Potential} {Deacetylation} of {Acetylated} {Beech} ({Fagus} sylvatica {L}.) {LVL}},\n\tvolume = {11},\n\tbooktitle = {11th {Hardwood} {Conference} {Proceedings}},\n\tpublisher = {University of Sopron Press},\n\tauthor = {Slabohm, Maik and Militz, Holger},\n\tmonth = may,\n\tyear = {2024},\n\tpages = {544--548},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Modification of different European hardwood species with a bio-based thermosetting resin on a semi-industrial scale.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Hötte, C.; and Militz, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In 11th Hardwood Conference Proceedings, volume 11, pages 557–563, Sopron, Hungary,, May 2024. University of Sopron Press\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@inproceedings{hotte_modification_2024,\n\taddress = {Sopron, Hungary,},\n\ttitle = {Modification of different {European} hardwood species with a bio-based thermosetting resin on a semi-industrial scale},\n\tvolume = {11},\n\tbooktitle = {11th {Hardwood} {Conference} {Proceedings}},\n\tpublisher = {University of Sopron Press},\n\tauthor = {Hötte, Christoph and Militz, Holger},\n\tmonth = may,\n\tyear = {2024},\n\tpages = {557--563},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Feasibility study on manufacturing finger-jointed structural timber using Eucalyptus grandis wood.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Alade, A. A.; Stolze, H.; Wessels, C. B.; and Militz, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In 11th Hardwood Conference Proceedings, volume 11, pages 481–465, Sopron, Hungary,, May 2024. University of Sopron Press\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
\n 
@inproceedings{alade_feasibility_2024,\n\taddress = {Sopron, Hungary,},\n\ttitle = {Feasibility study on manufacturing finger-jointed structural timber using {Eucalyptus} grandis wood},\n\tvolume = {11},\n\tbooktitle = {11th {Hardwood} {Conference} {Proceedings}},\n\tpublisher = {University of Sopron Press},\n\tauthor = {Alade, Adefemi Adebisi and Stolze, Hannes and Wessels, Coenraad Brand and Militz, Holger},\n\tmonth = may,\n\tyear = {2024},\n\tpages = {481--465},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n 11th Hardwood Conference Proceedings.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Németh, R.; Hansmann, C.; Holger, M.; Bak, M.; and Báder, M.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Volume 11 of Hardwood Conference ProceedingsUniversity of Sopron Press, Sopron, Hungary, 2024.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n \"11thPaper\n  \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@book{nemeth_11th_2024,\n\taddress = {Sopron, Hungary},\n\tseries = {Hardwood {Conference} {Proceedings}},\n\ttitle = {11th {Hardwood} {Conference} {Proceedings}},\n\tvolume = {11},\n\tisbn = {978-963-334-518-4},\n\tshorttitle = {{11TH} {HARDWOOD} {CONFERENCE} {PROCEEDINGS}},\n\turl = {https://doi.org/10.35511/978-963-334-518-4},\n\tlanguage = {hu},\n\turldate = {2024-06-10},\n\tpublisher = {University of Sopron Press},\n\tauthor = {Németh, Róbert and Hansmann, Christian and Holger, Militz and Bak, Miklós and Báder, Mátyás},\n\teditor = {Németh, Róbert and Hansmann, Christian and Militz, Holger and Bak, Miklós and Báder, Mátyás},\n\tyear = {2024},\n\tfile = {Full Text PDF:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\JNNCFG96\\\\Németh et al. - 2024 - 11TH HARDWOOD CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS  Sopron, Hun.pdf:application/pdf;Snapshot:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\7YFNT9J3\\\\3200.html:text/html},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Improving the Fire Performance of Chemically Modified Pine (P. Sylvestris) Sapwood by an Integrated Modification Approach.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Wu, M.; Emmerich, L.; and Militz, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In Makovická Osvaldová, L.; Hasburgh, L. E.; and Das, O., editor(s), Wood & Fire Safety 2024, pages 170–177, Cham, 2024. Springer Nature Switzerland\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n doi\n  \n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n  \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@inproceedings{wu_improving_2024,\n\taddress = {Cham},\n\ttitle = {Improving the {Fire} {Performance} of {Chemically} {Modified} {Pine} ({P}. {Sylvestris}) {Sapwood} by an {Integrated} {Modification} {Approach}},\n\tisbn = {978-3-031-59177-8},\n\tdoi = {10.1007/978-3-031-59177-8_20},\n\tabstract = {Natural wood has been widely used for construction and building purposes. However, wood is susceptible to wood-destroying organisms moisture-induced dimensional changes and fire. Although chemical wood modification technologies with thermosetting resins like phenol-formaldehyde (PF) may compensate durability and swelling issues, the latter may not enhance fire resistance. To address this issue, Scots pine sapwood (Pinus sylvestris L.) has been impregnated with a formulation of a PF resin and a phosphate-nitrogen-based flame retardant. The reaction to fire of the treated material was assessed through thermogravimetry analysis, Bunsen burner test (Pries and Mai), small burner box (ISO 11925–2) and cone calorimeter measurements (ISO 5660–1). Results indicated that pure PF resin treatment slightly improved thermal stability and reduced flame spread. However, it led to a significant increase in heat release peak and smoke production. In contrast, incorporating the flame retardant with PF resin demonstrated notable improvements in fire resistance independent of the test method applied. Compared to pure PF-treated wood, thermogravimetry analysis revealed a 31\\% increase in final char residue. The Bunsen burner test exhibited great self-extinguishing properties and the small burner box test demonstrated a 56\\% reduction in flame height. Cone calorimeter tests confirmed a substantially inhibited heat release with no ignition during the test. Notably, the total smoke production was also significantly reduced, even lower than the untreated wood. These findings emphasize the effectiveness of the combined PF resin and phosphate-nitrogen-based flame retardant treatment in enhancing the fire resistance of wood.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tbooktitle = {Wood \\& {Fire} {Safety} 2024},\n\tpublisher = {Springer Nature Switzerland},\n\tauthor = {Wu, Muting and Emmerich, Lukas and Militz, Holger},\n\teditor = {Makovická Osvaldová, Linda and Hasburgh, Laura E. and Das, Oisik},\n\tyear = {2024},\n\tpages = {170--177},\n}\n\n
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\n Natural wood has been widely used for construction and building purposes. However, wood is susceptible to wood-destroying organisms moisture-induced dimensional changes and fire. Although chemical wood modification technologies with thermosetting resins like phenol-formaldehyde (PF) may compensate durability and swelling issues, the latter may not enhance fire resistance. To address this issue, Scots pine sapwood (Pinus sylvestris L.) has been impregnated with a formulation of a PF resin and a phosphate-nitrogen-based flame retardant. The reaction to fire of the treated material was assessed through thermogravimetry analysis, Bunsen burner test (Pries and Mai), small burner box (ISO 11925–2) and cone calorimeter measurements (ISO 5660–1). Results indicated that pure PF resin treatment slightly improved thermal stability and reduced flame spread. However, it led to a significant increase in heat release peak and smoke production. In contrast, incorporating the flame retardant with PF resin demonstrated notable improvements in fire resistance independent of the test method applied. Compared to pure PF-treated wood, thermogravimetry analysis revealed a 31% increase in final char residue. The Bunsen burner test exhibited great self-extinguishing properties and the small burner box test demonstrated a 56% reduction in flame height. Cone calorimeter tests confirmed a substantially inhibited heat release with no ignition during the test. Notably, the total smoke production was also significantly reduced, even lower than the untreated wood. These findings emphasize the effectiveness of the combined PF resin and phosphate-nitrogen-based flame retardant treatment in enhancing the fire resistance of wood.\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Fixation of Tripotassium Citrate Flame Retardant Using a Sorbitol and Citric Acid Wood-Modification Treatment.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Yun, S.; Chabert, A. J.; and Militz, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Materials, 17(21): 5377. January 2024.\n Number: 21 Publisher: Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n \"FixationPaper\n  \n \n\n \n \n doi\n  \n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n  \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@article{yun_fixation_2024,\n\ttitle = {Fixation of {Tripotassium} {Citrate} {Flame} {Retardant} {Using} a {Sorbitol} and {Citric} {Acid} {Wood}-{Modification} {Treatment}},\n\tvolume = {17},\n\tcopyright = {http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/},\n\tissn = {1996-1944},\n\turl = {https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/17/21/5377},\n\tdoi = {10.3390/ma17215377},\n\tabstract = {Wood modification has been explored in various ways to enhance dimensional stability and reduce flammability, with a focus on environmentally friendly treatments to meet market demands. This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of new, potential fire-retardant materials. Specifically, the study examined the combination of tripotassium citrate (TPC), a water-soluble and bio-based fire retardant, with sorbitol and citric acid (SorCA), an eco-friendly thermosetting resin previously studied. While TPC is known to control combustion, its application in wood modification has not been thoroughly researched. To assess the fixation and flammability of these fire retardants, tests were conducted on Scots Pine (Pinus sylvestris L.), including chemical analysis, dimensional stability, mechanical properties, flame retardancy, and leaching tests. The combination of SorCA and TPC showed high weight percent gain (WPG) values; however, leaching and anti-swelling efficiency (ASE) tests revealed challenges in fixation stability. The dynamic mechanical properties were reduced, whereas the static strength values were in the same range compared with untreated wood. While TPC exhibited high flame retardancy prior to leaching, its efficacy diminished post-leaching, underscoring challenges in fixation and the need for improved retention strategies. Bunsen burner tests conducted on leached specimens indicated enhanced performance even under severe leaching conditions as per the EN 84:2020 procedure. However, cone calorimetry measurements showed less favorable outcomes, emphasizing the necessity for further investigation into optimizing TPC retention and enhancing treatment efficacy.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {21},\n\turldate = {2024-11-04},\n\tjournal = {Materials},\n\tauthor = {Yun, Sanghun and Chabert, Adèle Jane and Militz, Holger},\n\tmonth = jan,\n\tyear = {2024},\n\tnote = {Number: 21\nPublisher: Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute},\n\tkeywords = {wood modification, citric acid, polyesterification, sorbitol, leaching, fixation, bio-based, flame retardant, tripotassium citrate},\n\tpages = {5377},\n\tfile = {Full Text PDF:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\7NWXLWEW\\\\Yun et al. - 2024 - Fixation of Tripotassium Citrate Flame Retardant U.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n Wood modification has been explored in various ways to enhance dimensional stability and reduce flammability, with a focus on environmentally friendly treatments to meet market demands. This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of new, potential fire-retardant materials. Specifically, the study examined the combination of tripotassium citrate (TPC), a water-soluble and bio-based fire retardant, with sorbitol and citric acid (SorCA), an eco-friendly thermosetting resin previously studied. While TPC is known to control combustion, its application in wood modification has not been thoroughly researched. To assess the fixation and flammability of these fire retardants, tests were conducted on Scots Pine (Pinus sylvestris L.), including chemical analysis, dimensional stability, mechanical properties, flame retardancy, and leaching tests. The combination of SorCA and TPC showed high weight percent gain (WPG) values; however, leaching and anti-swelling efficiency (ASE) tests revealed challenges in fixation stability. The dynamic mechanical properties were reduced, whereas the static strength values were in the same range compared with untreated wood. While TPC exhibited high flame retardancy prior to leaching, its efficacy diminished post-leaching, underscoring challenges in fixation and the need for improved retention strategies. Bunsen burner tests conducted on leached specimens indicated enhanced performance even under severe leaching conditions as per the EN 84:2020 procedure. However, cone calorimetry measurements showed less favorable outcomes, emphasizing the necessity for further investigation into optimizing TPC retention and enhancing treatment efficacy.\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Resistance of modified beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) LVL against biodegradation in outdoor soil contact.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Slabohm, M.; and Militz, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In Proceedings of the 20th Meeting of the Northern European Network for Wood Science and Engineering (WSE), Edinburgh, Scotland., 2024. \n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@inproceedings{slabohm_resistance_2024,\n\taddress = {Edinburgh, Scotland.},\n\ttitle = {Resistance of modified beech ({Fagus} sylvatica {L}.) {LVL} against biodegradation in outdoor soil contact.},\n\tbooktitle = {Proceedings of the 20th {Meeting} of the {Northern} {European} {Network} for {Wood} {Science} and {Engineering} ({WSE})},\n\tauthor = {Slabohm, Maik and Militz, Holger},\n\tyear = {2024},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Relevant bonding aspects of acetylated beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) LVL for load-bearing construction in exterior use.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Slabohm, M.; Haase, J.; and Militz, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In Florence, Italy, 2024. \n \n\n\n\n
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@inproceedings{slabohm_relevant_2024,\n\taddress = {Florence, Italy},\n\ttitle = {Relevant bonding aspects of acetylated beech ({Fagus} sylvatica {L}.) {LVL} for load-bearing construction in exterior use.},\n\tauthor = {Slabohm, Maik and Haase, Jan-Oliver and Militz, Holger},\n\tyear = {2024},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Acetyliertes Buchen-Furnierlagenholz für tragende Anwendungen: Furniere und Verklebung.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Slabohm, M.; Emmerich, L.; Marais, B. N.; Brischke, C.; and Militz, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In Deutsche Holzschutztagung 2024, pages 182–193, Dresden, 2024. IHD\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@inproceedings{slabohm_acetyliertes_2024,\n\taddress = {Dresden},\n\ttitle = {Acetyliertes {Buchen}-{Furnierlagenholz} für tragende {Anwendungen}: {Furniere} und {Verklebung}},\n\tlanguage = {de},\n\tbooktitle = {Deutsche {Holzschutztagung} 2024},\n\tpublisher = {IHD},\n\tauthor = {Slabohm, Maik and Emmerich, Lukas and Marais, Brendan Nicholas and Brischke, Christian and Militz, Holger},\n\tyear = {2024},\n\tpages = {182--193},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Durability of acetylated beech (Fagus sylvativa) laminated veneer lumber (LVL).\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Slabohm, M.; and Militz, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In Proceedings IRG Annual Meeting, Knoxville, Tennessee, May 2024. \n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@inproceedings{slabohm_durability_2024,\n\taddress = {Knoxville, Tennessee},\n\ttitle = {Durability of acetylated beech ({Fagus} sylvativa) laminated veneer lumber ({LVL})},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tbooktitle = {Proceedings {IRG} {Annual} {Meeting}},\n\tauthor = {Slabohm, Maik and Militz, Holger},\n\tmonth = may,\n\tyear = {2024},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Bonding performance and surface characterization of cold-bonded acetylated beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) laminated veneer lumber.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Slabohm, M.; and Militz, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Scientific Reports, 14(1): 4083. February 2024.\n Publisher: Nature Publishing Group\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n \"BondingPaper\n  \n \n\n \n \n doi\n  \n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n  \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@article{slabohm_bonding_2024,\n\ttitle = {Bonding performance and surface characterization of cold-bonded acetylated beech ({Fagus} sylvatica {L}.) laminated veneer lumber},\n\tvolume = {14},\n\tcopyright = {2024 The Author(s)},\n\tissn = {2045-2322},\n\turl = {https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-023-48224-z},\n\tdoi = {10.1038/s41598-023-48224-z},\n\tabstract = {Acetylation of wood with acetic anhydride reduces the wood–moisture interaction, improves the dimensional stability and resistance against biodegradation. However, the adhesive bonding is affected by the modification, which is crucial to manufacture engineered wood products, such as laminated veneer lumber (LVL). In this study we report the bonding of 8-layered acetylated beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) LVL boards to 2-layered LVL beams. The beams were glued together at room temperature adding three common load-bearing construction adhesives: melamine–urea–formaldehyde (MUF), phenol–resorcinol–formaldehyde (PRF), and one-component polyurethane (PUR). The bonding performance was tested by assessing its dry and wet tensile shear strength (TSS) and wood failure percentage (WF). Also evaluated were the material's density and moisture content (MC). The surface was characterized prior to bonding by its pH, roughness, and contact angle (CA). The adhesive penetration was observed by fluorescence microscopy. Aside from MUF, applying PRF and PUR adhesives achieved good bonding performance on acetylated LVL and references. Acetylated LVL displayed a more hydrophobic behaviour, a higher pH, a somewhat smoother surface, and an increased density.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {1},\n\turldate = {2024-10-29},\n\tjournal = {Scientific Reports},\n\tauthor = {Slabohm, Maik and Militz, Holger},\n\tmonth = feb,\n\tyear = {2024},\n\tnote = {Publisher: Nature Publishing Group},\n\tkeywords = {Composites, Structural materials},\n\tpages = {4083},\n\tfile = {Full Text PDF:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\E5S33KBR\\\\Slabohm and Militz - 2024 - Bonding performance and surface characterization o.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n Acetylation of wood with acetic anhydride reduces the wood–moisture interaction, improves the dimensional stability and resistance against biodegradation. However, the adhesive bonding is affected by the modification, which is crucial to manufacture engineered wood products, such as laminated veneer lumber (LVL). In this study we report the bonding of 8-layered acetylated beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) LVL boards to 2-layered LVL beams. The beams were glued together at room temperature adding three common load-bearing construction adhesives: melamine–urea–formaldehyde (MUF), phenol–resorcinol–formaldehyde (PRF), and one-component polyurethane (PUR). The bonding performance was tested by assessing its dry and wet tensile shear strength (TSS) and wood failure percentage (WF). Also evaluated were the material's density and moisture content (MC). The surface was characterized prior to bonding by its pH, roughness, and contact angle (CA). The adhesive penetration was observed by fluorescence microscopy. Aside from MUF, applying PRF and PUR adhesives achieved good bonding performance on acetylated LVL and references. Acetylated LVL displayed a more hydrophobic behaviour, a higher pH, a somewhat smoother surface, and an increased density.\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Acetylation of wood: understanding the risk of de-acetylation during exposure to elevated temperature.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Slabohm, M.; Emmerich, L.; Valkonen, M. J.; Rautkari, L.; and Militz, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Holzforschung. October 2024.\n Publisher: De Gruyter\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n \"AcetylationPaper\n  \n \n\n \n \n doi\n  \n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n  \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@article{slabohm_acetylation_2024,\n\ttitle = {Acetylation of wood: understanding the risk of de-acetylation during exposure to elevated temperature},\n\tcopyright = {De Gruyter expressly reserves the right to use all content for commercial text and data mining within the meaning of Section 44b of the German Copyright Act.},\n\tissn = {1437-434X},\n\tshorttitle = {Acetylation of wood},\n\turl = {https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/hf-2024-0067/html},\n\tdoi = {10.1515/hf-2024-0067},\n\tabstract = {Acetylation is a breakthrough in wood modification and has been established on industrial scale. However, concerns have been raised regarding the stability of acetylated wood under elevated temperatures, particularly during post hot-pressing processes to manufacture products such as laminated veneer lumber (LVL). At around 150 °C, the added acetyl groups might cleave off (“de-acetylation”) and by that release sorption sites for water. This would increase the moisture uptake of the modified wood. In this study, the impact of hot-pressing at 150 °C on the stability of acetylated beech veneers and LVL was investigated. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy showed that the chemical composition of acetylated veneers seemed to be unaffected after the heat treatment. Dynamic vapor sorption (DVS) analysis and long-term storing over saturated salt-solutions in miniature climate chambers, indicated no de-acetylation on the basis of negligible changes in wood-water interactions. The number of hydroxyl groups of heat-treated acetylated samples was similar to that of not heat-treated ones, indicating the persistence of the effects of acetylation. By the present study, a certain resilience of acetylated wood towards elevated temperature, like it may occur during hot-pressing of acetylated veneers, became apparent and illustrated the thermal stability of this chemical modification approach.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\turldate = {2024-10-29},\n\tjournal = {Holzforschung},\n\tauthor = {Slabohm, Maik and Emmerich, Lukas and Valkonen, Mikko Juhani and Rautkari, Lauri and Militz, Holger},\n\tmonth = oct,\n\tyear = {2024},\n\tnote = {Publisher: De Gruyter},\n\tkeywords = {wood modification, acetylation, beech wood, laminated veneer lumber (LVL), de-acetylation},\n}\n\n
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\n Acetylation is a breakthrough in wood modification and has been established on industrial scale. However, concerns have been raised regarding the stability of acetylated wood under elevated temperatures, particularly during post hot-pressing processes to manufacture products such as laminated veneer lumber (LVL). At around 150 °C, the added acetyl groups might cleave off (“de-acetylation”) and by that release sorption sites for water. This would increase the moisture uptake of the modified wood. In this study, the impact of hot-pressing at 150 °C on the stability of acetylated beech veneers and LVL was investigated. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy showed that the chemical composition of acetylated veneers seemed to be unaffected after the heat treatment. Dynamic vapor sorption (DVS) analysis and long-term storing over saturated salt-solutions in miniature climate chambers, indicated no de-acetylation on the basis of negligible changes in wood-water interactions. The number of hydroxyl groups of heat-treated acetylated samples was similar to that of not heat-treated ones, indicating the persistence of the effects of acetylation. By the present study, a certain resilience of acetylated wood towards elevated temperature, like it may occur during hot-pressing of acetylated veneers, became apparent and illustrated the thermal stability of this chemical modification approach.\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Tensile and Bending Strength of Birch and Beech Lamellas Finger Jointed with Conventional and Newly Developed Finger-Joint Profiles.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Stolze, H.; and Militz, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Materials, 17(20): 5063. January 2024.\n Number: 20 Publisher: Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n \"TensilePaper\n  \n \n\n \n \n doi\n  \n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n  \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@article{stolze_tensile_2024,\n\ttitle = {Tensile and {Bending} {Strength} of {Birch} and {Beech} {Lamellas} {Finger} {Jointed} with {Conventional} and {Newly} {Developed} {Finger}-{Joint} {Profiles}},\n\tvolume = {17},\n\tcopyright = {http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/},\n\tissn = {1996-1944},\n\turl = {https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/17/20/5063},\n\tdoi = {10.3390/ma17205063},\n\tabstract = {In this study, the tensile and bending strength of birch and beech lamellas finger jointed with conventional (Standard) and newly developed finger-joint profiles (New) are presented. Polyurethane (PUR), Melamine-Urea-Formaldehyde (MUF) and Phenol-Resorcinol-Formaldehyde (PRF) adhesive systems were used to bond the finger joints. The objective of the New profiles was to reduce the stress concentrations within the finger joint by cutting the cross-grooved fingers perpendicular to the main orientation of the finger-joint profile. In the first trials of the development, larger cross-grooved fingers were cut with the aim to improve the stress distribution and to reinforce the finger joint by filling gaps in the finger joint with adhesive. As the study progressed, initial optimisations of the New profile were made. Smaller cross-grooved fingers were cut as it was assumed that they are beneficial for the manufacturing and integrity of the New profile. In combination with the MUF adhesive system, the New profile achieved the highest increase in the bending and tensile strengths compared to the Standard profile. In addition to the increased strength, other advantages such as reduced cracking in the finger joint were observed when using the New profile. The high strength and stiffness of hardwoods or other high-performance materials used in timber construction can probably be better exploited in combination with the New profile. Further tests will be carried out by considering different configurations of the New profile and different materials.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {20},\n\turldate = {2024-10-29},\n\tjournal = {Materials},\n\tauthor = {Stolze, Hannes and Militz, Holger},\n\tmonth = jan,\n\tyear = {2024},\n\tnote = {Number: 20\nPublisher: Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute},\n\tkeywords = {tensile strength, bending strength, beech, adhesives, birch, finger-joint profile},\n\tpages = {5063},\n\tfile = {Full Text PDF:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\VRKJDZ7C\\\\Stolze and Militz - 2024 - Tensile and Bending Strength of Birch and Beech La.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n In this study, the tensile and bending strength of birch and beech lamellas finger jointed with conventional (Standard) and newly developed finger-joint profiles (New) are presented. Polyurethane (PUR), Melamine-Urea-Formaldehyde (MUF) and Phenol-Resorcinol-Formaldehyde (PRF) adhesive systems were used to bond the finger joints. The objective of the New profiles was to reduce the stress concentrations within the finger joint by cutting the cross-grooved fingers perpendicular to the main orientation of the finger-joint profile. In the first trials of the development, larger cross-grooved fingers were cut with the aim to improve the stress distribution and to reinforce the finger joint by filling gaps in the finger joint with adhesive. As the study progressed, initial optimisations of the New profile were made. Smaller cross-grooved fingers were cut as it was assumed that they are beneficial for the manufacturing and integrity of the New profile. In combination with the MUF adhesive system, the New profile achieved the highest increase in the bending and tensile strengths compared to the Standard profile. In addition to the increased strength, other advantages such as reduced cracking in the finger joint were observed when using the New profile. The high strength and stiffness of hardwoods or other high-performance materials used in timber construction can probably be better exploited in combination with the New profile. Further tests will be carried out by considering different configurations of the New profile and different materials.\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n THE EFFECT OF WEATHERING ON SURFACE CHARACTERISTICS OF CHEMICALLY MODIFIED SCOTS PINE (PINUS SYLVESTRIS) WOOD.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Amanah, S. A.; Martha, R.; Basri, E.; Mubarok, M.; Rahayu, I. S.; Alipraja, I.; Darmawan, W.; Gérardin, P.; Emmerich, L.; Militz, H.; and Abdullah, U. H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Wood Research, 69(4): 611–624. December 2024.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n \"THEPaper\n  \n \n\n \n \n doi\n  \n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n  \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@article{amanah_effect_2024,\n\ttitle = {{THE} {EFFECT} {OF} {WEATHERING} {ON} {SURFACE} {CHARACTERISTICS} {OF} {CHEMICALLY} {MODIFIED} {SCOTS} {PINE} ({PINUS} {SYLVESTRIS}) {WOOD}},\n\tvolume = {69},\n\tissn = {1336-4561},\n\turl = {http://www.woodresearch.sk/cms/the-effect-of-weathering-on-surface-characteristics-of-chemically-modified-scots-pine-pinus-sylvestris-wood/},\n\tdoi = {10.37763/wr.1336-4561/69.4.611624},\n\tabstract = {Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) sapwood of 200 20 80 mm3 (L R T) was treated with both cell wall filling and lumen filling chemical agents (low-molecular phenol-formaldehyde, bio-oil, N-methylol/N-methyl compounds, sorbitol-citric acid, polysiloxane), which were fixed inside the wooden structure during heat-curing processes. The present study investigated the impact of the appointed chemical modifications on the surface characteristics of wood, which was addressed by measurements of the surface roughness (Ra), surface free energy (SFE), contact angles, wettability and its bonding quality. Independent of the chemical agents applied, Ra decreased as result of the chemical treatments, while SFE experienced a reduction. The Ra and SFE of both untreated and modified pine specimens increased after weathering processes. The weathering was appointed to cause a decrease in the equilibrium contact angle (θe) and an increase in the constant contact angle change rate (K-value). Increasing K-values after weathering for both untreated and modified pine specimens indicated their better wettability. Increasing wettability after weathering led to better adherence of acrylic paints on the surface of the Scots pine wood. In summary, the chemical modifications decreased the Ra and SFE of the pine sapwood, which may as a consequence affect the wettability and bonding quality of wood during outdoor exposure.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {4},\n\turldate = {2024-11-26},\n\tjournal = {Wood Research},\n\tauthor = {Amanah, Sinta Amanah and Martha, Resa and Basri, Efrida and Mubarok, Mahdi and Rahayu, Istie Sekartining and Alipraja, Irsan and Darmawan, Wayan and Gérardin, Phillippe and Emmerich, Lukas and Militz, Holger and Abdullah, Ummi Hani},\n\tmonth = dec,\n\tyear = {2024},\n\tpages = {611--624},\n\tfile = {Amanah et al. - 2024 - THE EFFECT OF WEATHERING ON SURFACE CHARACTERISTIC.pdf:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\CRVGHS52\\\\Amanah et al. - 2024 - THE EFFECT OF WEATHERING ON SURFACE CHARACTERISTIC.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) sapwood of 200 20 80 mm3 (L R T) was treated with both cell wall filling and lumen filling chemical agents (low-molecular phenol-formaldehyde, bio-oil, N-methylol/N-methyl compounds, sorbitol-citric acid, polysiloxane), which were fixed inside the wooden structure during heat-curing processes. The present study investigated the impact of the appointed chemical modifications on the surface characteristics of wood, which was addressed by measurements of the surface roughness (Ra), surface free energy (SFE), contact angles, wettability and its bonding quality. Independent of the chemical agents applied, Ra decreased as result of the chemical treatments, while SFE experienced a reduction. The Ra and SFE of both untreated and modified pine specimens increased after weathering processes. The weathering was appointed to cause a decrease in the equilibrium contact angle (θe) and an increase in the constant contact angle change rate (K-value). Increasing K-values after weathering for both untreated and modified pine specimens indicated their better wettability. Increasing wettability after weathering led to better adherence of acrylic paints on the surface of the Scots pine wood. In summary, the chemical modifications decreased the Ra and SFE of the pine sapwood, which may as a consequence affect the wettability and bonding quality of wood during outdoor exposure.\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Development and characterization of Bioblocks: a sustainable wood-based composite utilizing MDF residues, citric acid and polyols.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Lewandowski, P. T.; Larnøy, E.; and Militz, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n European Journal of Wood and Wood Products, 82(6): 2181–2198. December 2024.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n \"DevelopmentPaper\n  \n \n\n \n \n doi\n  \n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n  \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@article{lewandowski_development_2024,\n\ttitle = {Development and characterization of {Bioblocks}: a sustainable wood-based composite utilizing {MDF} residues, citric acid and polyols},\n\tvolume = {82},\n\tissn = {1436-736X},\n\tshorttitle = {Development and characterization of {Bioblocks}},\n\turl = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s00107-024-02141-8},\n\tdoi = {10.1007/s00107-024-02141-8},\n\tabstract = {The study investigated the production process and properties of a new wood-based material called Bioblocks. This sustainable composite is made from medium-density-fibreboard (MDF) residues, citric acid and either sorbitol or hexanediol. The process involves mixing in-water diluted chemicals with the MDF residues and curing the mixture in a laboratory oven to esterify the sorbitol and wood components with citric acid. A design of experiment was used to determine the influence and optima of the different process factors, and an optimised trial further investigated the material properties. The density distribution, compression strength, and TS after 24 h immersion in water according to EN 317 of the Bioblocks were tested. The first trial showed that mainly the amount of water added impacts the product’s properties. The optimised material achieved a sufficient density distribution with an average density of about 420 kg/m3, a compression strength of up to 3.5 N/mm2, and a TS of about 2\\%. Therefore, Bioblocks are a promising natural material to use waste MDF and substitute fossil, unsustainable materials.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {6},\n\turldate = {2025-01-02},\n\tjournal = {European Journal of Wood and Wood Products},\n\tauthor = {Lewandowski, Peer Thorben and Larnøy, Erik and Militz, Holger},\n\tmonth = dec,\n\tyear = {2024},\n\tpages = {2181--2198},\n\tfile = {Full Text PDF:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\NGZR8DD5\\\\Lewandowski et al. - 2024 - Development and characterization of Bioblocks a s.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n The study investigated the production process and properties of a new wood-based material called Bioblocks. This sustainable composite is made from medium-density-fibreboard (MDF) residues, citric acid and either sorbitol or hexanediol. The process involves mixing in-water diluted chemicals with the MDF residues and curing the mixture in a laboratory oven to esterify the sorbitol and wood components with citric acid. A design of experiment was used to determine the influence and optima of the different process factors, and an optimised trial further investigated the material properties. The density distribution, compression strength, and TS after 24 h immersion in water according to EN 317 of the Bioblocks were tested. The first trial showed that mainly the amount of water added impacts the product’s properties. The optimised material achieved a sufficient density distribution with an average density of about 420 kg/m3, a compression strength of up to 3.5 N/mm2, and a TS of about 2%. Therefore, Bioblocks are a promising natural material to use waste MDF and substitute fossil, unsustainable materials.\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Esterification of wood with citric acid and sorbitol: effect of the copolymer on the properties of the modified wood. Part 1: macroscopic changes, fixation of chemicals and impact bending properties.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Hötte, C.; and Militz, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Holzforschung, 78(11-12): 673–682. December 2024.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n \"EsterificationPaper\n  \n \n\n \n \n doi\n  \n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n  \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@article{hotte_esterification_2024,\n\ttitle = {Esterification of wood with citric acid and sorbitol: effect of the copolymer on the properties of the modified wood. {Part} 1: macroscopic changes, fixation of chemicals and impact bending properties},\n\tvolume = {78},\n\tissn = {0018-3830, 1437-434X},\n\tshorttitle = {Esterification of wood with citric acid and sorbitol},\n\turl = {https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/hf-2024-0070/html},\n\tdoi = {10.1515/hf-2024-0070},\n\tabstract = {Wood modification processes based on citric acid in combination with various copolymers have gained in importance in recent years. These processes also include modification with citric acid (CA) and sorbitol, a sugar alcohol, which is currently in the industrial realisation phase in Germany (SorCA) and Norway (CIOL). The modification of wood with sorbitol and citric acid (SorCA) can significantly improve the dimensional stability and durability of the wood. It is hypothesised that the addition of a copolymer may improve the fixation of the chemicals within as well as the flexibility of the modified wood matrix. In this study, the macroscopic changes, the fixation of the chemicals and the impact bending properties of wood modified with CA and SorCA are compared. Both modifications cause a permanent increase in mass (WPG) and volume (CWB). The fixation of the chemicals was comparable for both modifications; at high chemical concentrations, the SorCA polyester fixed slightly better within the wood matrix. Both modifications led to embrittlement of the wood, measured by a decrease in the impact bending strength (IBS). This embrittlement was clearly concentration-dependent and slightly more pronounced for the modification with CA.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {11-12},\n\turldate = {2024-12-16},\n\tjournal = {Holzforschung},\n\tauthor = {Hötte, Christoph and Militz, Holger},\n\tmonth = dec,\n\tyear = {2024},\n\tpages = {673--682},\n\tfile = {Hötte and Militz - 2024 - Esterification of wood with citric acid and sorbit.pdf:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\WBBU678Z\\\\Hötte and Militz - 2024 - Esterification of wood with citric acid and sorbit.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n Wood modification processes based on citric acid in combination with various copolymers have gained in importance in recent years. These processes also include modification with citric acid (CA) and sorbitol, a sugar alcohol, which is currently in the industrial realisation phase in Germany (SorCA) and Norway (CIOL). The modification of wood with sorbitol and citric acid (SorCA) can significantly improve the dimensional stability and durability of the wood. It is hypothesised that the addition of a copolymer may improve the fixation of the chemicals within as well as the flexibility of the modified wood matrix. In this study, the macroscopic changes, the fixation of the chemicals and the impact bending properties of wood modified with CA and SorCA are compared. Both modifications cause a permanent increase in mass (WPG) and volume (CWB). The fixation of the chemicals was comparable for both modifications; at high chemical concentrations, the SorCA polyester fixed slightly better within the wood matrix. Both modifications led to embrittlement of the wood, measured by a decrease in the impact bending strength (IBS). This embrittlement was clearly concentration-dependent and slightly more pronounced for the modification with CA.\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Adhesion performance of furfurylated plywood bonded with polyurethane and epoxy adhesives.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Mubarok, M.; Hadi, Y. S.; Hermawan, D.; Arrasuli, M. H.; Ramadhan, V. A.; Lubis, M. A. R.; Abdillah, I. B.; Ilmiawati, A.; Darmawan, W.; Gérardin, P.; and Militz, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Journal of Adhesion Science and Technology, 0(0): 1–22. 2024.\n Publisher: Taylor & Francis _eprint: https://doi.org/10.1080/01694243.2024.2433692\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n \"AdhesionPaper\n  \n \n\n \n \n doi\n  \n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n  \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@article{mubarok_adhesion_2024,\n\ttitle = {Adhesion performance of furfurylated plywood bonded with polyurethane and epoxy adhesives},\n\tvolume = {0},\n\tissn = {0169-4243},\n\turl = {https://doi.org/10.1080/01694243.2024.2433692},\n\tdoi = {10.1080/01694243.2024.2433692},\n\tabstract = {Utilizing furfurylated veneers to improve the quality of plywood has not been extensively studied before. This study investigated the characteristics of plywood made from furfurylated rubberwood (Hevea brasiliensis) veneers at various modification levels. Rubberwood veneers were first impregnated with furfuryl alcohol (FA) at different concentrations (40\\%, 70\\%, and 100\\%) with 3\\% citric acid as a catalyst for FA polymerization at 103 °C. The weight percent gain (WPG), dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), and functional groups of the furfurylated veneers were analyzed. The furfurylated veneers were then used to form three layers of plywood using either polyurethane (PU) or epoxy resin as the adhesive. Various physical, mechanical, and morphological properties of the furfurylated plywood were characterized. The WPG of the veneers impregnated with 40\\%, 70\\%, and 100\\% FA were on average 32.2\\%, 54.1\\%, and 67.9\\%, respectively. DMA and ATR-FTIR analyses revealed differences between the control veneers and the furfurylated veneers. Furfurylation slightly decreased the bonding strength of PU-bonded plywood at 100\\% FA, while the epoxy-bonded plywood remained unchanged at all FA concentrations. Furfurylation reduced the delamination values of plywood, particularly for treatments with 40\\% and 100\\% FA. Moreover, the use of 100\\% FA reduced the thickness swelling, water absorption, and leaching values of the plywood after seven days of water immersion by 43.6\\%, 73.9\\%, and 73.8\\% with PU adhesive, and by 85.7\\%, 69.6\\%, and 80.2\\% with epoxy adhesive, respectively. The formation of furfurylated plywood in this study opens potential opportunities for using low-quality veneers from fast-growing wood species as substitutes for high-quality veneers from natural forests.},\n\tnumber = {0},\n\turldate = {2024-12-05},\n\tjournal = {Journal of Adhesion Science and Technology},\n\tauthor = {Mubarok, Mahdi and Hadi, Yusuf Sudo and Hermawan, Dede and Arrasuli, Muhammad Haikal and Ramadhan, Vallen Arown and Lubis, Muhammad Adly Rahandi and Abdillah, Imam Busyra and Ilmiawati, Auliya and Darmawan, Wayan and Gérardin, Philippe and Militz, Holger},\n\tyear = {2024},\n\tnote = {Publisher: Taylor \\& Francis\n\\_eprint: https://doi.org/10.1080/01694243.2024.2433692},\n\tkeywords = {plywood, furfurylation, polyurethane, epoxy, Dynamic mechanical analysis, rubberwood},\n\tpages = {1--22},\n}\n\n
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\n Utilizing furfurylated veneers to improve the quality of plywood has not been extensively studied before. This study investigated the characteristics of plywood made from furfurylated rubberwood (Hevea brasiliensis) veneers at various modification levels. Rubberwood veneers were first impregnated with furfuryl alcohol (FA) at different concentrations (40%, 70%, and 100%) with 3% citric acid as a catalyst for FA polymerization at 103 °C. The weight percent gain (WPG), dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), and functional groups of the furfurylated veneers were analyzed. The furfurylated veneers were then used to form three layers of plywood using either polyurethane (PU) or epoxy resin as the adhesive. Various physical, mechanical, and morphological properties of the furfurylated plywood were characterized. The WPG of the veneers impregnated with 40%, 70%, and 100% FA were on average 32.2%, 54.1%, and 67.9%, respectively. DMA and ATR-FTIR analyses revealed differences between the control veneers and the furfurylated veneers. Furfurylation slightly decreased the bonding strength of PU-bonded plywood at 100% FA, while the epoxy-bonded plywood remained unchanged at all FA concentrations. Furfurylation reduced the delamination values of plywood, particularly for treatments with 40% and 100% FA. Moreover, the use of 100% FA reduced the thickness swelling, water absorption, and leaching values of the plywood after seven days of water immersion by 43.6%, 73.9%, and 73.8% with PU adhesive, and by 85.7%, 69.6%, and 80.2% with epoxy adhesive, respectively. The formation of furfurylated plywood in this study opens potential opportunities for using low-quality veneers from fast-growing wood species as substitutes for high-quality veneers from natural forests.\n
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\n  \n 2023\n \n \n (41)\n \n \n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Effect of Citric Acid on the Properties of Sapwood of Pinus sylvestris Submitted to Thermomechanical Treatment.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Crisostomo, M.; Menezzi, C. D.; Militz, H.; Kurkowiak, K.; Mayer, A.; Carvalho, L.; and Martins, J.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Forests, 14(9): 1839. 2023.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n doi\n  \n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n  \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@article{crisostomo_effect_2023,\n\ttitle = {Effect of {Citric} {Acid} on the {Properties} of {Sapwood} of {Pinus} sylvestris {Submitted} to {Thermomechanical} {Treatment}},\n\tvolume = {14},\n\tdoi = {doi.org/10.3390/f14091839},\n\tabstract = {The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of citric acid on the properties of solid pine wood, which were submitted to thermomechanical treatment. A preliminary test was performed in a previous study to evaluate the influence of different temperatures of pressing and concentrations of citric acid on the physical properties of wood. After choosing the best treatments (170 ◦C and 5\\% and 10\\% of citric acid), the effect of these on the chemical properties (SEM, FTIR and pH); on the density profile using an X-ray microtomography and on the resistance to aging through an abrasion test were evaluated. The result of the chemical analysis showed an increase of the presence of ester functional groups, as well as better coverage and higher acidity of the surface. The density profile technique allowed us to observe the formation of peaks of density on the surface where the acid was applied. Lastly, it was also possible to verify an increase in the resistance to abrasions because of the application of citric acid.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {9},\n\tjournal = {Forests},\n\tauthor = {Crisostomo, Matheus and Menezzi, Cláudio Del and Militz, Holger and Kurkowiak, Katarzyna and Mayer, Aaron and Carvalho, Luisa and Martins, Jorge},\n\tyear = {2023},\n\tpages = {1839},\n\tfile = {Crisostomo et al. - 2023 - Effect of Citric Acid on the Properties of Sapwood.pdf:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\Z3BLRGY9\\\\Crisostomo et al. - 2023 - Effect of Citric Acid on the Properties of Sapwood.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of citric acid on the properties of solid pine wood, which were submitted to thermomechanical treatment. A preliminary test was performed in a previous study to evaluate the influence of different temperatures of pressing and concentrations of citric acid on the physical properties of wood. After choosing the best treatments (170 ◦C and 5% and 10% of citric acid), the effect of these on the chemical properties (SEM, FTIR and pH); on the density profile using an X-ray microtomography and on the resistance to aging through an abrasion test were evaluated. The result of the chemical analysis showed an increase of the presence of ester functional groups, as well as better coverage and higher acidity of the surface. The density profile technique allowed us to observe the formation of peaks of density on the surface where the acid was applied. Lastly, it was also possible to verify an increase in the resistance to abrasions because of the application of citric acid.\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Substitution of Phenol in Phenol-Formaldehyde Resins for Wood Modification by Cleavage Products of Softwood Kraft Lignin.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Karthäuser, J.; Biziks, V.; and Militz, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In ISWFPC 2023 Conference Proceedings, volume 2, pages 240–243, Venice, Italy, July 2023. \n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@inproceedings{karthauser_substitution_2023,\n\taddress = {Venice, Italy},\n\ttitle = {Substitution of {Phenol} in {Phenol}-{Formaldehyde} {Resins} for {Wood} {Modification} by {Cleavage} {Products} of {Softwood} {Kraft} {Lignin}},\n\tvolume = {2},\n\tbooktitle = {{ISWFPC} 2023 {Conference} {Proceedings}},\n\tauthor = {Karthäuser, Johannes and Biziks, Vladimir and Militz, Holger},\n\tmonth = jul,\n\tyear = {2023},\n\tpages = {240--243},\n\tfile = {Karthäuser et al. - Substitution of Phenol in Phenol-Formaldehyde Resi.pdf:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\PP6BJZV4\\\\Karthäuser et al. - Substitution of Phenol in Phenol-Formaldehyde Resi.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Effect of the Citric acid on the Properties of Sapwood of Pinus sylvestris Submitted to Thermomechanical Treatment.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Crisostomo, M.; Menezzi, C. D.; Militz, H.; Kurkowiak, K.; Mayer, A. K.; Carvalho, L.; and Martins, J.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Preprints,14. August 2023.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n \"EffectPaper\n  \n \n\n \n \n doi\n  \n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n  \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@article{crisostomo_effect_2023-1,\n\ttitle = {Effect of the {Citric} acid on the {Properties} of {Sapwood} of {Pinus} sylvestris {Submitted} to {Thermomechanical} {Treatment}},\n\turl = {https://www.preprints.org/manuscript/202308.1275/v1},\n\tdoi = {10.20944/preprints202308.1275.v1},\n\tabstract = {The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of the citric acid on the properties of solid pine wood, which were submitted to thermomechanical treatment. A preliminary test was performed in a previous study to evaluate the influence of different temperatures of pressing and concentrations of citric acid over the physical properties of wood. After choosing the best treatments (170°C and 5\\% and 10\\% of citric acid) it was evaluated the effect of these on the chemical properties (SEM, FTIR and pH), on the density profile using an X-ray microtomography, and on the resistance to ageing through abrasion test. The result of the chemical analysis allowed to observe an increase of the presence of ester functional groups, as well as a better coverage and higher acidity of the surface. The density profile technique allowed to observe the formation of peaks of density on the surface where the acid was applied. Lastly, it was also possible to verify an increase in the resistance to abrasion because of the application of the citric acid.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\turldate = {2023-08-17},\n\tjournal = {Preprints},\n\tauthor = {Crisostomo, Matheus and Menezzi, Cláudio Del and Militz, Holger and Kurkowiak, Katarzyna and Mayer, Aaron Kilian and Carvalho, Luísa and Martins, Jorge},\n\tmonth = aug,\n\tyear = {2023},\n\tkeywords = {citric acid, dimensional stability, solid timber., thermo-mechanical modification},\n\tpages = {14},\n\tfile = {Full Text PDF:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\LG9J6J9S\\\\Crisostomo et al. - 2023 - Effect of the Citric acid on the Properties of Sap.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of the citric acid on the properties of solid pine wood, which were submitted to thermomechanical treatment. A preliminary test was performed in a previous study to evaluate the influence of different temperatures of pressing and concentrations of citric acid over the physical properties of wood. After choosing the best treatments (170°C and 5% and 10% of citric acid) it was evaluated the effect of these on the chemical properties (SEM, FTIR and pH), on the density profile using an X-ray microtomography, and on the resistance to ageing through abrasion test. The result of the chemical analysis allowed to observe an increase of the presence of ester functional groups, as well as a better coverage and higher acidity of the surface. The density profile technique allowed to observe the formation of peaks of density on the surface where the acid was applied. Lastly, it was also possible to verify an increase in the resistance to abrasion because of the application of the citric acid.\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Substituting phenol in phenol–formaldehyde resins for wood modification by phenolic cleavage products from vacuum low-temperature microwave-assisted pyrolysis of softwood kraft lignin.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Karthäuser, J.; Biziks, V.; Frauendorf, H.; Hoffmann, L.; Raskop, S.; Roggatz, D.; and Militz, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Cellulose, 30: 7277–7293. June 2023.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n \"SubstitutingPaper\n  \n \n\n \n \n doi\n  \n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n  \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@article{karthauser_substituting_2023,\n\ttitle = {Substituting phenol in phenol–formaldehyde resins for wood modification by phenolic cleavage products from vacuum low-temperature microwave-assisted pyrolysis of softwood kraft lignin},\n\tvolume = {30},\n\tissn = {0969-0239, 1572-882X},\n\turl = {https://link.springer.com/10.1007/s10570-023-05295-5},\n\tdoi = {10.1007/s10570-023-05295-5},\n\tabstract = {Abstract\n            Wood modification by impregnation and curing inside of the cell wall using phenol–formaldehyde resins (PF resins) is a well-known and commercialized method to improve, amongst others, the dimensional stability and the durability of wood. However, phenol is mainly obtained from non-renewable resources, and the substitution of phenol by renewable resources has been a topic of research interest for years. Due to the high availability of technical lignins, lignin-derived cleavage products are promising candidates. In this study, organic cleavage products obtained from vacuum low-temperature microwave-assisted pyrolysis of softwood kraft lignin were used to substitute up to 45\\% of phenol in PF resins. The curing behavior and the free formaldehyde content of the resins was studied. Pine sapwood was treated with these resins by a vacuum pressure treatment, and the weight percent gain, leaching, and dimensional stability of the species were examined. Selected samples were analyzed with bright-field microscopy. The results indicate that up to 30\\% substitution of phenol by lignin-based organic products does not lead to significantly inferior quality of wood modification. Additionally, the amount of formaldehyde added to the resin can be reduced. The method described in this study could be a way to improve the environmental footprint of wood modification by PF resins.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\turldate = {2023-06-12},\n\tjournal = {Cellulose},\n\tauthor = {Karthäuser, Johannes and Biziks, Vladimirs and Frauendorf, Holm and Hoffmann, Lisa and Raskop, Salomé and Roggatz, Daniel and Militz, Holger},\n\tmonth = jun,\n\tyear = {2023},\n\tpages = {7277--7293},\n}\n\n
\n
\n\n\n
\n Abstract Wood modification by impregnation and curing inside of the cell wall using phenol–formaldehyde resins (PF resins) is a well-known and commercialized method to improve, amongst others, the dimensional stability and the durability of wood. However, phenol is mainly obtained from non-renewable resources, and the substitution of phenol by renewable resources has been a topic of research interest for years. Due to the high availability of technical lignins, lignin-derived cleavage products are promising candidates. In this study, organic cleavage products obtained from vacuum low-temperature microwave-assisted pyrolysis of softwood kraft lignin were used to substitute up to 45% of phenol in PF resins. The curing behavior and the free formaldehyde content of the resins was studied. Pine sapwood was treated with these resins by a vacuum pressure treatment, and the weight percent gain, leaching, and dimensional stability of the species were examined. Selected samples were analyzed with bright-field microscopy. The results indicate that up to 30% substitution of phenol by lignin-based organic products does not lead to significantly inferior quality of wood modification. Additionally, the amount of formaldehyde added to the resin can be reduced. The method described in this study could be a way to improve the environmental footprint of wood modification by PF resins.\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n The durability of acetylated beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) laminated veneer lumber (LVL) against wood-destroying basidiomycetes.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Slabohm, M.; Brischke, C.; and Militz, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n European Journal of Wood and Wood Products, 81(4): 911–921. August 2023.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n \"ThePaper\n  \n \n\n \n \n doi\n  \n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n  \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
\n 
@article{slabohm_durability_2023,\n\ttitle = {The durability of acetylated beech ({Fagus} sylvatica {L}.) laminated veneer lumber ({LVL}) against wood-destroying basidiomycetes},\n\tvolume = {81},\n\tissn = {0018-3768, 1436-736X},\n\turl = {https://link.springer.com/10.1007/s00107-023-01962-3},\n\tdoi = {10.1007/s00107-023-01962-3},\n\tabstract = {The overall aim of this study was to investigate the durability of acetylated beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) laminated veneer lumber (LVL) against wood-destroying basidiomycetes. The secondary objective was to test whether the specimen size affects the mass loss and durability assessment of wood-material under test. The durability test was based on the pre-standard prEN 113-3. Six materials (acetylated beech LVL, untreated beech LVL, beech solid wood, pine sapwood (Pinus sylvestris L.), larch (Larix decidua Mill.) 3-layer slab, larch solid wood) were tested using three specimen geometry designs (50 × 25 × 15 ­mm3 as well as 50 × 50 × 19 ­mm3 with and without sealed edges) against Coniophora puteana, Rhodonia placenta, Gloeophyllum trabeum, Trametes versicolor, and Pleurotus ostreatus. The durability assessment was made using the arithmetic mean and median percentage mass loss (ML), the relative ML (x-values), and the decay susceptibility index (DSI). It was found that mass loss was affected by the test fungus, the material, and the specimen size and design, with the latter being the most essential factor in this study. In addition, the assessment parameter had a significant effect on the durability classification. Furthermore, small differences in ML resulted in different durability classes (DC) in some cases, whereas large differences in ML did not. However, acetylated beech LVL was always considerably durable (DC 1) against all tested fungi independent of the specimen design and durability assessment method.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {4},\n\turldate = {2023-07-03},\n\tjournal = {European Journal of Wood and Wood Products},\n\tauthor = {Slabohm, Maik and Brischke, Christian and Militz, Holger},\n\tmonth = aug,\n\tyear = {2023},\n\tpages = {911--921},\n\tfile = {Slabohm et al. - 2023 - The durability of acetylated beech (Fagus sylvatic.pdf:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\BLXYN8B2\\\\Slabohm et al. - 2023 - The durability of acetylated beech (Fagus sylvatic.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n The overall aim of this study was to investigate the durability of acetylated beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) laminated veneer lumber (LVL) against wood-destroying basidiomycetes. The secondary objective was to test whether the specimen size affects the mass loss and durability assessment of wood-material under test. The durability test was based on the pre-standard prEN 113-3. Six materials (acetylated beech LVL, untreated beech LVL, beech solid wood, pine sapwood (Pinus sylvestris L.), larch (Larix decidua Mill.) 3-layer slab, larch solid wood) were tested using three specimen geometry designs (50 × 25 × 15 ­mm3 as well as 50 × 50 × 19 ­mm3 with and without sealed edges) against Coniophora puteana, Rhodonia placenta, Gloeophyllum trabeum, Trametes versicolor, and Pleurotus ostreatus. The durability assessment was made using the arithmetic mean and median percentage mass loss (ML), the relative ML (x-values), and the decay susceptibility index (DSI). It was found that mass loss was affected by the test fungus, the material, and the specimen size and design, with the latter being the most essential factor in this study. In addition, the assessment parameter had a significant effect on the durability classification. Furthermore, small differences in ML resulted in different durability classes (DC) in some cases, whereas large differences in ML did not. However, acetylated beech LVL was always considerably durable (DC 1) against all tested fungi independent of the specimen design and durability assessment method.\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Evaluation of wet tensile shear strength and surface properties of finger-jointed acetylated beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) laminated veneer lumber.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Slabohm, M.; Stolze, H.; and Militz, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n European Journal of Wood and Wood Products, 0(0): 9. June 2023.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n \"EvaluationPaper\n  \n \n\n \n \n doi\n  \n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n  \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
\n 
@article{slabohm_evaluation_2023,\n\ttitle = {Evaluation of wet tensile shear strength and surface properties of finger-jointed acetylated beech ({Fagus} sylvatica {L}.) laminated veneer lumber},\n\tvolume = {0},\n\tissn = {0018-3768, 1436-736X},\n\turl = {https://link.springer.com/10.1007/s00107-023-01970-3},\n\tdoi = {10.1007/s00107-023-01970-3},\n\tabstract = {Abstract\n            \n              Experiments on finger-jointing acetylated beech (\n              Fagus sylvatica\n              L.) laminated veneer lumber (LVL) have been made. The specimens were examined on its wet tensile shear strength (TSS) using three adhesives, including phenol resorcinol formaldehyde (PRF), one-component polyurethane (PUR) (without primer), and melamine urea formaldehyde (MUF). Contact angles (CA) of uncured and drop-applied MUF, PRF, and PUR adhesives on freshly cut finger-joints were evaluated. Surface roughness was measured using a laser-scanning-microscope (LSM). Results showed that PRF bonded acetylated specimens had highest wet TSS, followed by specimens with PUR bonding. MUF performed poorly, which was most likely caused by its inadequate water resistance and changes in chemical reactions due to remaining acetic acid. Acetylated finger-joints had a topography similar to untreated joints. Moreover, CA were just barely lower for MUF and PRF on acetylated wood than on untreated references.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {0},\n\turldate = {2023-06-26},\n\tjournal = {European Journal of Wood and Wood Products},\n\tauthor = {Slabohm, Maik and Stolze, Hannes and Militz, Holger},\n\tmonth = jun,\n\tyear = {2023},\n\tpages = {9},\n\tfile = {Slabohm et al. - 2023 - Evaluation of wet tensile shear strength and surfa.pdf:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\BRR5ZSPB\\\\Slabohm et al. - 2023 - Evaluation of wet tensile shear strength and surfa.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n Abstract Experiments on finger-jointing acetylated beech ( Fagus sylvatica L.) laminated veneer lumber (LVL) have been made. The specimens were examined on its wet tensile shear strength (TSS) using three adhesives, including phenol resorcinol formaldehyde (PRF), one-component polyurethane (PUR) (without primer), and melamine urea formaldehyde (MUF). Contact angles (CA) of uncured and drop-applied MUF, PRF, and PUR adhesives on freshly cut finger-joints were evaluated. Surface roughness was measured using a laser-scanning-microscope (LSM). Results showed that PRF bonded acetylated specimens had highest wet TSS, followed by specimens with PUR bonding. MUF performed poorly, which was most likely caused by its inadequate water resistance and changes in chemical reactions due to remaining acetic acid. Acetylated finger-joints had a topography similar to untreated joints. Moreover, CA were just barely lower for MUF and PRF on acetylated wood than on untreated references.\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Effect of pressurized hot water extraction on the resistance of Scots pine sapwood against mould fungi.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Kyyrö, S.; Altgen, M.; Belt, T.; Seppäläinen, H.; Brischke, C.; Heinze, P.; Militz, H.; and Rautkari, L.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Holzforschung, 77(5): 348–355. 2023.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n doi\n  \n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n  \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
\n 
@article{kyyro_effect_2023,\n\ttitle = {Effect of pressurized hot water extraction on the resistance of {Scots} pine sapwood against mould fungi},\n\tvolume = {77},\n\tdoi = {10.1515/hf-2022-0190},\n\tabstract = {The effects of pressurized hot water extraction (HWE) treatment on the mould resistance of wood have not been extensively investigated yet. The activity of the mould fungi is dependent on the availability of nutrients. Therefore, the soluble degradation products produced during HWE treatment could affect the wood’s susceptibility to mould growth. Scots pine ( Pinus sylvestris L.) sapwood specimens were treated with HWE at 140 °C for 1–5 h. Afterwards, the degradation products were either removed via leaching or the wood was dried without applying the leaching procedure. The surface layer (1.5 mm) was removed from half of the leached and non-leached specimens. The resistance of the specimens against mould growth was tested in an incubation chamber. HWE treated wood showed a higher susceptibility to mould growth when it was neither leached nor subjected to surface removal. The susceptibility of wood to mould fungi depended on the availability of hemicellulose-based degradation products produced during HWE treatment. These degradation products were removable via a leaching procedure, but also by removing the outermost layer of the wood. The results show the relevance of removing HWE degradation products located on the wood surface in improving resistance against mould growth.},\n\tnumber = {5},\n\tjournal = {Holzforschung},\n\tauthor = {Kyyrö, Suvi and Altgen, Michael and Belt, Tiina and Seppäläinen, Hanna and Brischke, Christian and Heinze, Petra and Militz, Holger and Rautkari, Lauri},\n\tyear = {2023},\n\tpages = {348--355},\n}\n\n
\n
\n\n\n
\n The effects of pressurized hot water extraction (HWE) treatment on the mould resistance of wood have not been extensively investigated yet. The activity of the mould fungi is dependent on the availability of nutrients. Therefore, the soluble degradation products produced during HWE treatment could affect the wood’s susceptibility to mould growth. Scots pine ( Pinus sylvestris L.) sapwood specimens were treated with HWE at 140 °C for 1–5 h. Afterwards, the degradation products were either removed via leaching or the wood was dried without applying the leaching procedure. The surface layer (1.5 mm) was removed from half of the leached and non-leached specimens. The resistance of the specimens against mould growth was tested in an incubation chamber. HWE treated wood showed a higher susceptibility to mould growth when it was neither leached nor subjected to surface removal. The susceptibility of wood to mould fungi depended on the availability of hemicellulose-based degradation products produced during HWE treatment. These degradation products were removable via a leaching procedure, but also by removing the outermost layer of the wood. The results show the relevance of removing HWE degradation products located on the wood surface in improving resistance against mould growth.\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Performance of exterior wood coatings on chemically and thermally modified wood during natural weathering – Results from 5.5 years outdoor exposure.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Emmerich, L.; and Militz, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In 28 May – 1 June, 2023, June 2023. \n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n  \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
\n 
@inproceedings{emmerich_performance_2023,\n\ttitle = {Performance of exterior wood coatings on chemically and thermally modified wood during natural weathering – {Results} from 5.5 years outdoor exposure},\n\tabstract = {Non-durable softwood and hardwood species were treated with the water-soluble cyclic Nmethylol compounds 1,3-dimethylol-4,5-dihydroxyethyleneurea (DMDHEU) and methylated DMDHEU. One half of the modified specimens were coated with a waterborne acrylic coating system prior a natural weathering for 5.5 years according to EN 927-3 (2020). By frequent evaluations, the impact of chemical modifications and combined thermo-chemical modifications on the moisture dynamics and crack sensitivity of solid wood boards was assessed, further the aspect how such modifications impact on the paint adhesion and performance of a waterborne coating system.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tbooktitle = {28 {May} – 1 {June}, 2023},\n\tauthor = {Emmerich, Lukas and Militz, Holger},\n\tmonth = jun,\n\tyear = {2023},\n\tfile = {Emmerich und Militz - Performance of exterior wood coatings on chemicall.pdf:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\JUC5W6FS\\\\Emmerich und Militz - Performance of exterior wood coatings on chemicall.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n Non-durable softwood and hardwood species were treated with the water-soluble cyclic Nmethylol compounds 1,3-dimethylol-4,5-dihydroxyethyleneurea (DMDHEU) and methylated DMDHEU. One half of the modified specimens were coated with a waterborne acrylic coating system prior a natural weathering for 5.5 years according to EN 927-3 (2020). By frequent evaluations, the impact of chemical modifications and combined thermo-chemical modifications on the moisture dynamics and crack sensitivity of solid wood boards was assessed, further the aspect how such modifications impact on the paint adhesion and performance of a waterborne coating system.\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Resistance of phenol formaldehyde impregnated beech (Fagus sylvativa L.) LVL against biodegradation in soil contact.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Slabohm, M.; Brischke, C.; Bicke, S.; and Militz, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In Proceedings IRG Annual Meeting, pages 11, Cairns, Australia, June 2023. \n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n doi\n  \n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n  \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
\n 
@inproceedings{slabohm_resistance_2023,\n\taddress = {Cairns, Australia},\n\ttitle = {Resistance of phenol formaldehyde impregnated beech ({Fagus} sylvativa {L}.) {LVL} against biodegradation in soil contact},\n\tdoi = {IRG/WP 23-40965},\n\tabstract = {Alternatives to preservative impregnation are emphasized in Germany and other European countries. Even though these treatments significantly improve wood's resistance to decay, they often do not have a beneficial impact on the dimensional stability. One alternative product, which may be used in ground contact for items like poles and railway sleepers, could be beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) laminated veneer lumber (LVL) impregnated with low-molecular phenolformaldehyde (PF). PF resins are often used for bonding and impregnation purposes. In this research, low-molecular weight PF was used, which allows a penetration and fixation within the cell wall. Various PF-resins were used to impregnate beech veneers and LVL was manufactured with a variety of process parameters. In ground durability tests started in 2015 and were evaluated based on EN 252 (2015) on the test field at the University of Goettingen; Germany as well as in Stamsmåla, Sweden. The durability classes (DC) were determined based on the decay rates. The evaluation showed that very durable products for in ground contact can be produced from beech wood, but durability clearly depended on the resin type and loading.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tbooktitle = {Proceedings {IRG} {Annual} {Meeting}},\n\tauthor = {Slabohm, Maik and Brischke, Christian and Bicke, Sascha and Militz, Holger},\n\tmonth = jun,\n\tyear = {2023},\n\tpages = {11},\n\tfile = {Slabohm et al. - Resistance of phenol formaldehyde impregnated beec.pdf:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\F2BGDPSE\\\\Slabohm et al. - Resistance of phenol formaldehyde impregnated beec.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
\n
\n\n\n
\n Alternatives to preservative impregnation are emphasized in Germany and other European countries. Even though these treatments significantly improve wood's resistance to decay, they often do not have a beneficial impact on the dimensional stability. One alternative product, which may be used in ground contact for items like poles and railway sleepers, could be beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) laminated veneer lumber (LVL) impregnated with low-molecular phenolformaldehyde (PF). PF resins are often used for bonding and impregnation purposes. In this research, low-molecular weight PF was used, which allows a penetration and fixation within the cell wall. Various PF-resins were used to impregnate beech veneers and LVL was manufactured with a variety of process parameters. In ground durability tests started in 2015 and were evaluated based on EN 252 (2015) on the test field at the University of Goettingen; Germany as well as in Stamsmåla, Sweden. The durability classes (DC) were determined based on the decay rates. The evaluation showed that very durable products for in ground contact can be produced from beech wood, but durability clearly depended on the resin type and loading.\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Biological durability and wood-water interactions of sorbitol and citric acid modified wood – Effects on the expected service life.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Kurkowiak, K.; Emmerich, L.; and Militz, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In Proceedings IRG Annual Meeting, pages 10, Cairns, Australia, June 2023. \n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n doi\n  \n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n  \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
\n 
@inproceedings{kurkowiak_biological_2023,\n\taddress = {Cairns, Australia},\n\ttitle = {Biological durability and wood-water interactions of sorbitol and citric acid modified wood – {Effects} on the expected service life},\n\tdoi = {IRG/WP 23-40960},\n\tabstract = {A high level of research activities on sorbitol and citric acid (SorCA) modified wood has been recognized in Europe over the last few years. As this treatment is close to entering an industrialscale production, it is of interest to investigate how such treated wood performs upon long-term outdoor exposure. Hence, in this study Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) sapwood was modified with aqueous solutions of sorbitol and citric acid at various solid contents (10-50\\%). Afterwards, untreated and modified specimens were subjected to moisture uptake and release tests and the changes in wettability were registered. Overall, the water uptake of SorCA-treated specimens significantly decreased in comparison to untreated control specimens. Based on results from this and earlier studies testing the resistance of SorCA modified wood against wood-destroying basidiomycetes, the wettability (kwa) and inherent durability (kinh) factors were calculated and used to determine the resistance dose (DRd) of the materials under test. These values were then implemented in a dose-response model and used to predict the service life of SorCA-modified wood under real-life above ground conditions.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tbooktitle = {Proceedings {IRG} {Annual} {Meeting}},\n\tauthor = {Kurkowiak, Katarzyna and Emmerich, Lukas and Militz, Holger},\n\tmonth = jun,\n\tyear = {2023},\n\tpages = {10},\n\tfile = {Kurkowiak et al. - Biological durability and wood-water interactions .pdf:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\QKSDWD7I\\\\Kurkowiak et al. - Biological durability and wood-water interactions .pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n\n\n
\n A high level of research activities on sorbitol and citric acid (SorCA) modified wood has been recognized in Europe over the last few years. As this treatment is close to entering an industrialscale production, it is of interest to investigate how such treated wood performs upon long-term outdoor exposure. Hence, in this study Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) sapwood was modified with aqueous solutions of sorbitol and citric acid at various solid contents (10-50%). Afterwards, untreated and modified specimens were subjected to moisture uptake and release tests and the changes in wettability were registered. Overall, the water uptake of SorCA-treated specimens significantly decreased in comparison to untreated control specimens. Based on results from this and earlier studies testing the resistance of SorCA modified wood against wood-destroying basidiomycetes, the wettability (kwa) and inherent durability (kinh) factors were calculated and used to determine the resistance dose (DRd) of the materials under test. These values were then implemented in a dose-response model and used to predict the service life of SorCA-modified wood under real-life above ground conditions.\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Investigating the fire properties of a composite material made of MDF-residues, citric acid and sorbitol.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Lewandowski, P. T.; Perdoch, W.; Larnøy, E.; and Militz, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In Proceedings IRG Annual Meeting, pages 11, Cairns, Australia, June 2023. \n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n doi\n  \n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n  \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
\n 
@inproceedings{lewandowski_investigating_2023,\n\taddress = {Cairns, Australia},\n\ttitle = {Investigating the fire properties of a composite material made of {MDF}-residues, citric acid and sorbitol},\n\tdoi = {IRG/WP 23-40969},\n\tabstract = {In times of climate change and a shortage of energy and raw materials, it has become apparent, that material reuse of wood in a cascade system can reduce the ecological impact of a material and be cost effective. A new composite material has been developed made from citric acid, sorbitol, water and waste MDF. Not only will there be a material reuse option for waste MDF but due to the small particle size used, other categories of waste wood could be used for the production as well. The properties of the composite predestine a use as a brick-like building material. Therefore, fire protection is a major concern.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tbooktitle = {Proceedings {IRG} {Annual} {Meeting}},\n\tauthor = {Lewandowski, Peer Thorben and Perdoch, Waldemar and Larnøy, Erik and Militz, Holger},\n\tmonth = jun,\n\tyear = {2023},\n\tpages = {11},\n\tfile = {Lewandowski et al. - Investigating the fire properties of a composite m.pdf:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\W7KJ823T\\\\Lewandowski et al. - Investigating the fire properties of a composite m.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n In times of climate change and a shortage of energy and raw materials, it has become apparent, that material reuse of wood in a cascade system can reduce the ecological impact of a material and be cost effective. A new composite material has been developed made from citric acid, sorbitol, water and waste MDF. Not only will there be a material reuse option for waste MDF but due to the small particle size used, other categories of waste wood could be used for the production as well. The properties of the composite predestine a use as a brick-like building material. Therefore, fire protection is a major concern.\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Modification of Gmelina arborea wood for utilization in Nigeria.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Olaniran, S. O.; Militz, H.; Biology, W.; and Products, W.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In Proceedings IRG Annual Meeting, pages 8, Cairns, Australia, June 2023. \n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n doi\n  \n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n  \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
\n 
@inproceedings{olaniran_modification_2023,\n\taddress = {Cairns, Australia},\n\ttitle = {Modification of {Gmelina} arborea wood for utilization in {Nigeria}},\n\tdoi = {IRG 23-40986},\n\tabstract = {The level of protection achieved by any wood treatment process is dependent on achieving a sufficient uptake and penetration of the treatment chemicals. This phenomenon is also applicable when considering chemical modification of any wood species. The desired changes in physical, mechanical or durability enhancement of treated species can only be achieved beyond a superficial treatment. For this, Gmelina wood grown in Nigeria was considered for chemical modification but had to initially be examined for its treatability. Samples of Gmelina wood were impregnated under pressure with a coloured solution (Rhodamine B) and variations in uptake along and across stem diameter were investigated. The outcome of this investigation showed that Gmelina wood had a maximum uptake less than 25\\%, while the mean penetration depth in the axial direction is less than 4mm, and much lower in the lateral direction (comprising of radial and tangential directions). Subsequently, further investigation carried out through qualitative anatomy with light microscopy and Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) showed that aside from the presence tyloses which obstructed flow in the axial direction, needlelike crystals identified as calcium oxalate contributed to greater restriction to fluid flow in the lateral direction. Hence, it was concluded that alternative modification approach through thermal treatment will be a more viable option in the treatment of Gmelina wood.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tbooktitle = {Proceedings {IRG} {Annual} {Meeting}},\n\tauthor = {Olaniran, Samuel Oluyinka and Militz, Holger and Biology, Wood and Products, Wood},\n\tmonth = jun,\n\tyear = {2023},\n\tpages = {8},\n\tfile = {Olaniran et al. - Modification of Gmelina arborea wood for utilizati.pdf:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\U9K6MXVG\\\\Olaniran et al. - Modification of Gmelina arborea wood for utilizati.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n The level of protection achieved by any wood treatment process is dependent on achieving a sufficient uptake and penetration of the treatment chemicals. This phenomenon is also applicable when considering chemical modification of any wood species. The desired changes in physical, mechanical or durability enhancement of treated species can only be achieved beyond a superficial treatment. For this, Gmelina wood grown in Nigeria was considered for chemical modification but had to initially be examined for its treatability. Samples of Gmelina wood were impregnated under pressure with a coloured solution (Rhodamine B) and variations in uptake along and across stem diameter were investigated. The outcome of this investigation showed that Gmelina wood had a maximum uptake less than 25%, while the mean penetration depth in the axial direction is less than 4mm, and much lower in the lateral direction (comprising of radial and tangential directions). Subsequently, further investigation carried out through qualitative anatomy with light microscopy and Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) showed that aside from the presence tyloses which obstructed flow in the axial direction, needlelike crystals identified as calcium oxalate contributed to greater restriction to fluid flow in the lateral direction. Hence, it was concluded that alternative modification approach through thermal treatment will be a more viable option in the treatment of Gmelina wood.\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Performance of exterior wood coatings on chemically and thermally modified wood during natural weathering – Results from 5.5 years outdoor exposure.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Emmerich, L.; and Militz, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In Proceedings IRG Annual Meeting, pages 18, Cairns, Australia, June 2023. \n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n doi\n  \n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n  \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@inproceedings{emmerich_performance_2023-1,\n\taddress = {Cairns, Australia},\n\ttitle = {Performance of exterior wood coatings on chemically and thermally modified wood during natural weathering – {Results} from 5.5 years outdoor exposure},\n\tdoi = {IRG/WP 23-40964},\n\tabstract = {Non-durable softwood and hardwood species were treated with the water-soluble cyclic Nmethylol compounds 1,3-dimethylol-4,5-dihydroxyethyleneurea (DMDHEU) and methylated DMDHEU. One half of the modified specimens were coated with a waterborne acrylic coating system prior a natural weathering for 5.5 years according to EN 927-3 (2020). By frequent evaluations, the impact of chemical modifications and combined thermo-chemical modifications on the moisture dynamics and crack sensitivity of solid wood boards was assessed, further the aspect how such modifications impact on the paint adhesion and performance of a waterborne coating system.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tbooktitle = {Proceedings {IRG} {Annual} {Meeting}},\n\tauthor = {Emmerich, Lukas and Militz, Holger},\n\tmonth = jun,\n\tyear = {2023},\n\tpages = {18},\n\tfile = {Emmerich und Militz - Performance of exterior wood coatings on chemicall.pdf:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\77V3WYFC\\\\Emmerich und Militz - Performance of exterior wood coatings on chemicall.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n Non-durable softwood and hardwood species were treated with the water-soluble cyclic Nmethylol compounds 1,3-dimethylol-4,5-dihydroxyethyleneurea (DMDHEU) and methylated DMDHEU. One half of the modified specimens were coated with a waterborne acrylic coating system prior a natural weathering for 5.5 years according to EN 927-3 (2020). By frequent evaluations, the impact of chemical modifications and combined thermo-chemical modifications on the moisture dynamics and crack sensitivity of solid wood boards was assessed, further the aspect how such modifications impact on the paint adhesion and performance of a waterborne coating system.\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Effects of preservative impregnations on wettability and surface free energy properties of Eucalyptus grandis wood.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Alade, A. A.; Wessels, C. B.; Stolze, H.; and Militz, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In Proceedings IRG Annual Meeting, pages 13, Cairns, Australia, June 2023. \n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n doi\n  \n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n  \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
\n 
@inproceedings{alade_effects_2023,\n\taddress = {Cairns, Australia},\n\ttitle = {Effects of preservative impregnations on wettability and surface free energy properties of {Eucalyptus} grandis wood},\n\tdoi = {IRG/WP 23-40978},\n\tabstract = {Wettability and surface free energy (SFE) are crucial parameters for evaluating the adhesion thermodynamics of solid surfaces. Hence, this study investigated the effects of copper azole (CA) and disodium octaborate tetrahydrate (DOT) preservative impregnations on Eucalyptus grandis wood wettability and SFE. Wettability was determined in terms of contact angles with polar (water) and non-polar (diiodomethane) probe liquids by sessile drop measurement. SFE was determined based on the Owens-Wendt-Rabel-Kaelble model. Results obtained showed that CA and DOT impregnations reduced the wettability and SFE of E. grandis wood. CA impregnation had higher effects on water wettability recording a 22\\% increase in mean water contact angle, and a 90\\% reduction of mean polar SFE component. On the other hand, DOT impregnation had higher effects on diiodomethane wettability recording a 28\\% increase in mean diiodomethane contact angle, and a 10\\% reduction of mean dispersive SFE component. Adapting adhesive application and bonding protocols would be critical to mitigating the adverse effects of CA and DOT impregnations on adhesive bonding of treated E. grandis wood. These recommendations could apply to other preservative-impregnated woods with similar surface thermodynamic modifications.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tbooktitle = {Proceedings {IRG} {Annual} {Meeting}},\n\tauthor = {Alade, Adefemi Adebisi and Wessels, Coenraad Brand and Stolze, Hannes and Militz, Holger},\n\tmonth = jun,\n\tyear = {2023},\n\tpages = {13},\n\tfile = {Alade et al. - Effects of preservative impregnations on wettabili.pdf:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\2IUV9XMP\\\\Alade et al. - Effects of preservative impregnations on wettabili.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n Wettability and surface free energy (SFE) are crucial parameters for evaluating the adhesion thermodynamics of solid surfaces. Hence, this study investigated the effects of copper azole (CA) and disodium octaborate tetrahydrate (DOT) preservative impregnations on Eucalyptus grandis wood wettability and SFE. Wettability was determined in terms of contact angles with polar (water) and non-polar (diiodomethane) probe liquids by sessile drop measurement. SFE was determined based on the Owens-Wendt-Rabel-Kaelble model. Results obtained showed that CA and DOT impregnations reduced the wettability and SFE of E. grandis wood. CA impregnation had higher effects on water wettability recording a 22% increase in mean water contact angle, and a 90% reduction of mean polar SFE component. On the other hand, DOT impregnation had higher effects on diiodomethane wettability recording a 28% increase in mean diiodomethane contact angle, and a 10% reduction of mean dispersive SFE component. Adapting adhesive application and bonding protocols would be critical to mitigating the adverse effects of CA and DOT impregnations on adhesive bonding of treated E. grandis wood. These recommendations could apply to other preservative-impregnated woods with similar surface thermodynamic modifications.\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Adhesion and performance of exterior wood coatings on chemically and thermally modified wood – Results from 5.5 years outdoor exposure.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Emmerich, L.; and Militz, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In Proceedings IRG Annual Meeting, pages 18, Cairns, Australia, June 2023. \n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
\n 
@inproceedings{emmerich_adhesion_2023,\n\taddress = {Cairns, Australia},\n\ttitle = {Adhesion and performance of exterior wood coatings on chemically and thermally modified wood – {Results} from 5.5 years outdoor exposure},\n\tlanguage = {En},\n\tbooktitle = {Proceedings {IRG} {Annual} {Meeting}},\n\tauthor = {Emmerich, L. and Militz, H.},\n\tmonth = jun,\n\tyear = {2023},\n\tpages = {18},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Study on biocide-free wood modification techniques and how they impact on the termite resistance of wood.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Emmerich, L.; Darmawan, D.; Kurkowiak, K.; Biziks, V.; and Militz, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In Proceedings IUFRO-DIV 5 Conference, Cairns, Australia, 2023. \n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
\n 
@inproceedings{emmerich_study_2023,\n\taddress = {Cairns, Australia},\n\ttitle = {Study on biocide-free wood modification techniques and how they impact on the termite resistance of wood},\n\tbooktitle = {Proceedings {IUFRO}-{DIV} 5 {Conference}},\n\tauthor = {Emmerich, L. and Darmawan, D. and Kurkowiak, K. and Biziks, V. and Militz, H.},\n\tyear = {2023},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Fire resistance of pine wood treated with phenol-formaldehyde resin and phosphate-based flame retardant.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Wu, M.; Emmerich, L.; Kurkowiak, K.; and Militz, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Wood Material Science & Engineering,1–7. May 2023.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n \"FirePaper\n  \n \n\n \n \n doi\n  \n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@article{wu_fire_2023,\n\ttitle = {Fire resistance of pine wood treated with phenol-formaldehyde resin and phosphate-based flame retardant},\n\tissn = {1748-0272, 1748-0280},\n\turl = {https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/17480272.2023.2205379},\n\tdoi = {10.1080/17480272.2023.2205379},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\turldate = {2023-05-05},\n\tjournal = {Wood Material Science \\& Engineering},\n\tauthor = {Wu, Muting and Emmerich, Lukas and Kurkowiak, Katarzyna and Militz, Holger},\n\tmonth = may,\n\tyear = {2023},\n\tpages = {1--7},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Wood Modification.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Mai, C.; and Militz, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In Niemz, P.; Teischinger, A.; and Sandberg, D., editor(s), Springer Handbook of Wood Science and Technology, pages 873–910. Springer International Publishing, Cham, 2023.\n Series Title: Springer Handbooks\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n \"WoodPaper\n  \n \n\n \n \n doi\n  \n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@incollection{niemz_wood_2023,\n\taddress = {Cham},\n\ttitle = {Wood {Modification}},\n\tisbn = {978-3-030-81314-7 978-3-030-81315-4},\n\turl = {https://link.springer.com/10.1007/978-3-030-81315-4_16},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\turldate = {2023-04-11},\n\tbooktitle = {Springer {Handbook} of {Wood} {Science} and {Technology}},\n\tpublisher = {Springer International Publishing},\n\tauthor = {Mai, Carsten and Militz, Holger},\n\teditor = {Niemz, Peter and Teischinger, Alfred and Sandberg, Dick},\n\tyear = {2023},\n\tdoi = {10.1007/978-3-030-81315-4_16},\n\tnote = {Series Title: Springer Handbooks},\n\tpages = {873--910},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Fire-retardant properties of wood modified with sorbitol, citric acid and a phosphorous-based system.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Kurkowiak, K.; Wu, M.; Emmerich, L.; and Militz, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Holzforschung, 77(1): 38–44. January 2023.\n Publisher: De Gruyter\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n \"Fire-retardantPaper\n  \n \n\n \n \n doi\n  \n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n  \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
\n 
@article{kurkowiak_fire-retardant_2023,\n\ttitle = {Fire-retardant properties of wood modified with sorbitol, citric acid and a phosphorous-based system},\n\tvolume = {77},\n\tissn = {1437-434X},\n\turl = {https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/hf-2022-0114/html?lang=de},\n\tdoi = {10.1515/hf-2022-0114},\n\tabstract = {Scots pine sapwood ( Pinus sylvestris L.) was modified with an aqueous solution of sorbitol and citric acid (SorCA) and a commercial phosphorus-based fire-retardant (FR). The aim of this study was to assess whether the fire behavior can be improved when the SorCA solution is supplemented by an FR and if this effect is resistant to leaching. The fire behavior of modified wood was investigated by a Bunsen burner ignition test, mass loss calorimetry (MLC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The results demonstrated a significantly improved fire-retardancy based on a decreased burning rate and a reduced mass loss in the Bunsen burner test. Also, the induced formation of a protective char barrier facilitated by the addition of a FR, reduced the heat release rate and delayed the ignition. The fire-retardant effect was still observed, to the less extent, after a cold-water (EN 84 2020) leaching of the specimens.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {1},\n\turldate = {2023-04-11},\n\tjournal = {Holzforschung},\n\tauthor = {Kurkowiak, Katarzyna and Wu, Muting and Emmerich, Lukas and Militz, Holger},\n\tmonth = jan,\n\tyear = {2023},\n\tnote = {Publisher: De Gruyter},\n\tkeywords = {wood modification, citric acid, fire behaviour, phosphorous compound, polyesterification, sorbitol},\n\tpages = {38--44},\n\tfile = {Kurkowiak et al. - 2022 - Fire-retardant properties of wood modified with so.pdf:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\FMPFSSIX\\\\Kurkowiak et al. - 2022 - Fire-retardant properties of wood modified with so.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n Scots pine sapwood ( Pinus sylvestris L.) was modified with an aqueous solution of sorbitol and citric acid (SorCA) and a commercial phosphorus-based fire-retardant (FR). The aim of this study was to assess whether the fire behavior can be improved when the SorCA solution is supplemented by an FR and if this effect is resistant to leaching. The fire behavior of modified wood was investigated by a Bunsen burner ignition test, mass loss calorimetry (MLC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The results demonstrated a significantly improved fire-retardancy based on a decreased burning rate and a reduced mass loss in the Bunsen burner test. Also, the induced formation of a protective char barrier facilitated by the addition of a FR, reduced the heat release rate and delayed the ignition. The fire-retardant effect was still observed, to the less extent, after a cold-water (EN 84 2020) leaching of the specimens.\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Accelerated weathering performance of plantation-grown juvenile poplar and Chinese fir woods.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Yu, Y.; Xiao, Z.; Liang, D.; Wang, Y.; Militz, H.; and Xie, Y.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Holzforschung, 77(2): 75–86. February 2023.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n \"AcceleratedPaper\n  \n \n\n \n \n doi\n  \n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n  \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
\n 
@article{yu_accelerated_2023,\n\ttitle = {Accelerated weathering performance of plantation-grown juvenile poplar and {Chinese} fir woods},\n\tvolume = {77},\n\tissn = {0018-3830, 1437-434X},\n\turl = {https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/hf-2022-0133/html},\n\tdoi = {10.1515/hf-2022-0133},\n\tabstract = {Abstract\n            \n              Plantation-grown juvenile wood species are extensively used as raw materials in the Chinese wood industry. The weathering performances of the wood are crucial for outdoor application. Two of the most important plantation-grown juvenile woods, poplar (\n              Populus\n               × \n              euramericana\n              cv. ‘74/76ʼ) and Chinese fir (\n              Cunninghamia lanceolata\n              Hook), were sliced into thin veneers and compared in this study to observe their weathering performance during exposure to UV alone for 504 h and UV/water for 168 h. The color difference, weight loss, and tensile strength loss of both veneers all increased with exposure time. Scanning electron microscopy showed that the initial structural deterioration originates from the corner of the middle lamella and pit, followed by cell separation, cell wall thinning, deformation, and collapse. Fourier transmission infrared spectroscopy, electron resonance spectrometry and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy revealed a decrease in lignin-based infrared absorption intensity and radical generation, as well as an increase in O/C ratio throughout the exposure. Water spray considerably accelerated deterioration by washing away the degraded fragments, thereby exposing the fresh substrate underneath. Compared to poplar wood, Chinese fir showed durable structural integrity but more darkening during weathering. These findings reveal the anatomically structural weak phase and photo-degradation performance of two plantation-grown woods during weathering. The results of this work may facilitate the proper external use and further photo-stabilization treatment of plantation-grown juvenile wood products.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {2},\n\turldate = {2023-03-29},\n\tjournal = {Holzforschung},\n\tauthor = {Yu, Yang and Xiao, Zefang and Liang, Daxin and Wang, Yonggui and Militz, Holger and Xie, Yanjun},\n\tmonth = feb,\n\tyear = {2023},\n\tpages = {75--86},\n}\n\n
\n
\n\n\n
\n Abstract Plantation-grown juvenile wood species are extensively used as raw materials in the Chinese wood industry. The weathering performances of the wood are crucial for outdoor application. Two of the most important plantation-grown juvenile woods, poplar ( Populus  ×  euramericana cv. ‘74/76ʼ) and Chinese fir ( Cunninghamia lanceolata Hook), were sliced into thin veneers and compared in this study to observe their weathering performance during exposure to UV alone for 504 h and UV/water for 168 h. The color difference, weight loss, and tensile strength loss of both veneers all increased with exposure time. Scanning electron microscopy showed that the initial structural deterioration originates from the corner of the middle lamella and pit, followed by cell separation, cell wall thinning, deformation, and collapse. Fourier transmission infrared spectroscopy, electron resonance spectrometry and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy revealed a decrease in lignin-based infrared absorption intensity and radical generation, as well as an increase in O/C ratio throughout the exposure. Water spray considerably accelerated deterioration by washing away the degraded fragments, thereby exposing the fresh substrate underneath. Compared to poplar wood, Chinese fir showed durable structural integrity but more darkening during weathering. These findings reveal the anatomically structural weak phase and photo-degradation performance of two plantation-grown woods during weathering. The results of this work may facilitate the proper external use and further photo-stabilization treatment of plantation-grown juvenile wood products.\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Understanding the mode of action of sorbitol and citric acid (SorCA) in wood.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Kurkowiak, K.; Hentges, D.; Dumarçay, S.; Gérardin, P.; and Militz, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Wood Material Science & Engineering, 18(1): 67–75. January 2023.\n Publisher: Taylor & Francis _eprint: https://doi.org/10.1080/17480272.2022.2125340\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n \"UnderstandingPaper\n  \n \n\n \n \n doi\n  \n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n  \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
\n 
@article{kurkowiak_understanding_2023,\n\ttitle = {Understanding the mode of action of sorbitol and citric acid ({SorCA}) in wood},\n\tvolume = {18},\n\tissn = {1748-0272},\n\turl = {https://doi.org/10.1080/17480272.2022.2125340},\n\tdoi = {10.1080/17480272.2022.2125340},\n\tabstract = {In recent years, a wood treatment system based on sorbitol and citric acid (SorCA) has emerged as a promising alternative to already commercialized modification processes of European-grown wood species. The improvement of dimensional stability and biological durability have been reported. However, the mode of action behind the changes in wood structure leading to these improvements has not been well defined yet, as the research was based on the infrared spectroscopy, which cannot distinguish nor compare the effect of cell wall bulking (CWB), covalent bonding and cross-linking. Moreover, most of the assumptions regarding the reaction mechanism have resulted from the studies of citric acid reactions with wood and wood-based products. Therefore, in this study different analytical chemistry methods have been used to explain the interaction between SorCA and wood at two polymerization temperatures (120 and 140°C). It has been confirmed that the curing temperature is a crucial parameter for achieving the desired fixation. Subsequently, liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS), cross-polarization/magic angle spinning (CP/MAS 13C-NMR) spectroscopy and pyrolysis gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (Py-GC/MS) have been used to determine the contribution caused by an in-situ formation of high molecular-weight SorCA polyesters (resulting in CWB) and a higher rate of esterification of wood polymers.},\n\tnumber = {1},\n\turldate = {2023-03-23},\n\tjournal = {Wood Material Science \\& Engineering},\n\tauthor = {Kurkowiak, Katarzyna and Hentges, David and Dumarçay, Stéphane and Gérardin, Philippe and Militz, Holger},\n\tmonth = jan,\n\tyear = {2023},\n\tnote = {Publisher: Taylor \\& Francis\n\\_eprint: https://doi.org/10.1080/17480272.2022.2125340},\n\tkeywords = {wood modification, sorbitol, Citric acid, esterification, leaching, pyrolysis},\n\tpages = {67--75},\n\tfile = {Full Text PDF:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\5UG85F36\\\\Kurkowiak et al. - 2023 - Understanding the mode of action of sorbitol and c.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
\n
\n\n\n
\n In recent years, a wood treatment system based on sorbitol and citric acid (SorCA) has emerged as a promising alternative to already commercialized modification processes of European-grown wood species. The improvement of dimensional stability and biological durability have been reported. However, the mode of action behind the changes in wood structure leading to these improvements has not been well defined yet, as the research was based on the infrared spectroscopy, which cannot distinguish nor compare the effect of cell wall bulking (CWB), covalent bonding and cross-linking. Moreover, most of the assumptions regarding the reaction mechanism have resulted from the studies of citric acid reactions with wood and wood-based products. Therefore, in this study different analytical chemistry methods have been used to explain the interaction between SorCA and wood at two polymerization temperatures (120 and 140°C). It has been confirmed that the curing temperature is a crucial parameter for achieving the desired fixation. Subsequently, liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS), cross-polarization/magic angle spinning (CP/MAS 13C-NMR) spectroscopy and pyrolysis gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (Py-GC/MS) have been used to determine the contribution caused by an in-situ formation of high molecular-weight SorCA polyesters (resulting in CWB) and a higher rate of esterification of wood polymers.\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Overview of the Tenth European Conference on Wood Modification (ECWM10).\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Jones, D.; and Militz, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Wood Material Science & Engineering, 18(1): 1–2. January 2023.\n Publisher: Taylor & Francis _eprint: https://doi.org/10.1080/17480272.2022.2153738\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n \"OverviewPaper\n  \n \n\n \n \n doi\n  \n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@article{jones_overview_2023,\n\ttitle = {Overview of the {Tenth} {European} {Conference} on {Wood} {Modification} ({ECWM10})},\n\tvolume = {18},\n\tissn = {1748-0272},\n\turl = {https://doi.org/10.1080/17480272.2022.2153738},\n\tdoi = {10.1080/17480272.2022.2153738},\n\tnumber = {1},\n\turldate = {2023-03-23},\n\tjournal = {Wood Material Science \\& Engineering},\n\tauthor = {Jones, Dennis and Militz, Holger},\n\tmonth = jan,\n\tyear = {2023},\n\tnote = {Publisher: Taylor \\& Francis\n\\_eprint: https://doi.org/10.1080/17480272.2022.2153738},\n\tpages = {1--2},\n\tfile = {Full Text PDF:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\H9VM24YM\\\\Jones und Militz - 2023 - Overview of the Tenth European Conference on Wood .pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Bonding performance of hot-bonded acetylated beech ( Fagus sylvatica L.) laminated veneer lumber (LVL).\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Slabohm, M.; and Militz, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Wood Material Science & Engineering, 18(1): 76–81. January 2023.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n \"BondingPaper\n  \n \n\n \n \n doi\n  \n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@article{slabohm_bonding_2023,\n\ttitle = {Bonding performance of hot-bonded acetylated beech ( \\textit{{Fagus} sylvatica} {L}.) laminated veneer lumber ({LVL})},\n\tvolume = {18},\n\tissn = {1748-0272, 1748-0280},\n\turl = {https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/17480272.2022.2124544},\n\tdoi = {10.1080/17480272.2022.2124544},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {1},\n\turldate = {2023-03-23},\n\tjournal = {Wood Material Science \\& Engineering},\n\tauthor = {Slabohm, Maik and Militz, Holger},\n\tmonth = jan,\n\tyear = {2023},\n\tpages = {76--81},\n\tfile = {Slabohm und Militz - 2022 - Bonding performance of hot-bonded acetylated beech.pdf:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\TBU8XGE8\\\\Slabohm und Militz - 2022 - Bonding performance of hot-bonded acetylated beech.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Thermal and chemical modification of wood – a combined approach for exclusive, high-demanding performance products.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Goli, G.; Negro, F.; Emmerich, L.; and Militz, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Wood Material Science & Engineering, 18(1): 58–66. January 2023.\n Publisher: Taylor & Francis _eprint: https://doi.org/10.1080/17480272.2022.2143281\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n \"ThermalPaper\n  \n \n\n \n \n doi\n  \n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n  \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@article{goli_thermal_2023,\n\ttitle = {Thermal and chemical modification of wood – a combined approach for exclusive, high-demanding performance products},\n\tvolume = {18},\n\tissn = {1748-0272},\n\turl = {https://doi.org/10.1080/17480272.2022.2143281},\n\tdoi = {10.1080/17480272.2022.2143281},\n\tabstract = {Chemical and thermo-chemical modification processes were applied to European beech wood to make it applicable for interior applications which place high demands on aesthetics, hygrothermal and water resistance performance. In particular, the use of modified wood in kitchen tools was foreseen. Impregnation modification with a 20\\% DMDHEU solution, thermal modification and a combined approach of thermo-chemical modification were compared. All modification processes caused a darkening that for the high modification intensities became close to the aesthetics of some of the most renowned tropical hardwood species. The higher the modification intensity, the higher the improvement. In particular, chemical and thermo-chemical modification processes significantly decreased the liquid water uptake. As regards the mechanical performances while stiffness and strength did not change abruptly and hardness increased, the resistance towards dynamic impacts significantly decreased with every kind of modification process. Thermo-chemical modifications resulted to be an interesting way to improve most of the physical properties of wood with outstanding behaviour in terms of colour appearance and reduction of water uptake in wet environments. An increased brittleness is the weakest point for foreseen fields of application.},\n\tnumber = {1},\n\turldate = {2023-03-23},\n\tjournal = {Wood Material Science \\& Engineering},\n\tauthor = {Goli, Giacomo and Negro, Federico and Emmerich, Lukas and Militz, Holger},\n\tmonth = jan,\n\tyear = {2023},\n\tnote = {Publisher: Taylor \\& Francis\n\\_eprint: https://doi.org/10.1080/17480272.2022.2143281},\n\tkeywords = {DMDHEU, Beech wood, high-demanding applications, thermo-chemical modification},\n\tpages = {58--66},\n\tfile = {Full Text PDF:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\VXAIT7XF\\\\Goli et al. - 2023 - Thermal and chemical modification of wood – a comb.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n Chemical and thermo-chemical modification processes were applied to European beech wood to make it applicable for interior applications which place high demands on aesthetics, hygrothermal and water resistance performance. In particular, the use of modified wood in kitchen tools was foreseen. Impregnation modification with a 20% DMDHEU solution, thermal modification and a combined approach of thermo-chemical modification were compared. All modification processes caused a darkening that for the high modification intensities became close to the aesthetics of some of the most renowned tropical hardwood species. The higher the modification intensity, the higher the improvement. In particular, chemical and thermo-chemical modification processes significantly decreased the liquid water uptake. As regards the mechanical performances while stiffness and strength did not change abruptly and hardness increased, the resistance towards dynamic impacts significantly decreased with every kind of modification process. Thermo-chemical modifications resulted to be an interesting way to improve most of the physical properties of wood with outstanding behaviour in terms of colour appearance and reduction of water uptake in wet environments. An increased brittleness is the weakest point for foreseen fields of application.\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Determination of the Bonding Strength of Finger Joints Using a New Test Specimen Geometry.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Stolze, H.; Gurnik, M.; Kegel, S.; Bollmus, S.; and Militz, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Processes, 11(2): 445. February 2023.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n \"DeterminationPaper\n  \n \n\n \n \n doi\n  \n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n  \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@article{stolze_determination_2023,\n\ttitle = {Determination of the {Bonding} {Strength} of {Finger} {Joints} {Using} a {New} {Test} {Specimen} {Geometry}},\n\tvolume = {11},\n\tissn = {2227-9717},\n\turl = {https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9717/11/2/445},\n\tdoi = {10.3390/pr11020445},\n\tabstract = {In this study, a specimen geometry for testing finger joints was developed using finite element simulation and proofed by experimental testing. Six different wood species and three adhesives were used for finger-jointing specimens. With the test specimen geometry, the bonding strength of the finger joints was determined without the usual self-locking of the joint. Under load, the test specimen geometry introduces maximum stress at the beginning of the bond line (adhesive zone). However, the test specimen geometry does not generate a symmetric stress state. The main difficulty here is the flank angle of the finger joint geometry. The wood species and adhesives significantly influenced the performance of the finger joints.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {2},\n\turldate = {2023-02-03},\n\tjournal = {Processes},\n\tauthor = {Stolze, Hannes and Gurnik, Michael and Kegel, Sebastian and Bollmus, Susanne and Militz, Holger},\n\tmonth = feb,\n\tyear = {2023},\n\tpages = {445},\n\tfile = {Stolze et al. - 2023 - Determination of the Bonding Strength of Finger Jo.pdf:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\HISDKZQN\\\\Stolze et al. - 2023 - Determination of the Bonding Strength of Finger Jo.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n In this study, a specimen geometry for testing finger joints was developed using finite element simulation and proofed by experimental testing. Six different wood species and three adhesives were used for finger-jointing specimens. With the test specimen geometry, the bonding strength of the finger joints was determined without the usual self-locking of the joint. Under load, the test specimen geometry introduces maximum stress at the beginning of the bond line (adhesive zone). However, the test specimen geometry does not generate a symmetric stress state. The main difficulty here is the flank angle of the finger joint geometry. The wood species and adhesives significantly influenced the performance of the finger joints.\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Investigation of oil curing as an alternative curing procedure for Scots pine modified with sorbitol and citric acid.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Rabke, J.; Hötte, C.; and Militz, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In Proceedings of the 19th Meeting of the Northern European Network for Wood Science and Engineering (WSE), pages 13–15, Ås, Norway, October 2023. \n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
\n 
@inproceedings{rabke_investigation_2023,\n\taddress = {Ås, Norway},\n\ttitle = {Investigation of oil curing as an alternative curing procedure for {Scots} pine modified with sorbitol and citric acid},\n\tbooktitle = {Proceedings of the 19th {Meeting} of the {Northern} {European} {Network} for {Wood} {Science} and {Engineering} ({WSE})},\n\tauthor = {Rabke, Joshua and Hötte, Christoph and Militz, Holger},\n\tmonth = oct,\n\tyear = {2023},\n\tpages = {13--15},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Light microscopic studies on the variable uptake of impregnation fluids by poplar wood.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Buschalsky, A.; Löning, S.; Grebe, A.; Koddenberg, T.; and Militz, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In Proceedings of the 19th Meeting of the Northern European Network for Wood Science and Engineering (WSE), pages 172–174, Ås, Norway, October 2023. \n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@inproceedings{buschalsky_light_2023,\n\taddress = {Ås, Norway},\n\ttitle = {Light microscopic studies on the variable uptake of impregnation fluids by poplar wood},\n\tbooktitle = {Proceedings of the 19th {Meeting} of the {Northern} {European} {Network} for {Wood} {Science} and {Engineering} ({WSE})},\n\tauthor = {Buschalsky, Andreas and Löning, Sophie and Grebe, Anne and Koddenberg, Tim and Militz, Holger},\n\tmonth = oct,\n\tyear = {2023},\n\tpages = {172--174},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n The use of bark beetle infested wood in Germany.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Trautwein, J.; Militz, H.; and Brischke, C.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In Proceedings of the 19th Meeting of the Northern European Network for Wood Science and Engineering (WSE), pages 133–135, Ås, Norway, October 2023. \n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@inproceedings{trautwein_use_2023,\n\taddress = {Ås, Norway},\n\ttitle = {The use of bark beetle infested wood in {Germany}},\n\tbooktitle = {Proceedings of the 19th {Meeting} of the {Northern} {European} {Network} for {Wood} {Science} and {Engineering} ({WSE})},\n\tauthor = {Trautwein, Jan-Frederik and Militz, Holger and Brischke, Christian},\n\tmonth = oct,\n\tyear = {2023},\n\tpages = {133--135},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Finger-jointing of recycled wood – potential technology for improved circular use of wood.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Stolze, H.; Gedde, K. B.; and Militz, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In Proceedings of the 19th Meeting of the Northern European Network for Wood Science and Engineering (WSE), pages 37–39, Ås, Norway, October 2023. \n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@inproceedings{stolze_finger-jointing_2023,\n\taddress = {Ås, Norway},\n\ttitle = {Finger-jointing of recycled wood – potential technology for improved circular use of wood},\n\tbooktitle = {Proceedings of the 19th {Meeting} of the {Northern} {European} {Network} for {Wood} {Science} and {Engineering} ({WSE})},\n\tauthor = {Stolze, Hannes and Gedde, Kristina B. and Militz, Holger},\n\tmonth = oct,\n\tyear = {2023},\n\tpages = {37--39},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Preliminary analysis of the curing conditions of SorCA wood treated with catalysts.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Adèle, C.; Kurkowiak, K.; and Militz, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In Proceedings of the 19th Meeting of the Northern European Network for Wood Science and Engineering (WSE), pages 16–18, Ås, Norway, October 2023. \n \n\n\n\n
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@inproceedings{adele_preliminary_2023,\n\taddress = {Ås, Norway},\n\ttitle = {Preliminary analysis of the curing conditions of {SorCA} wood treated with catalysts},\n\tbooktitle = {Proceedings of the 19th {Meeting} of the {Northern} {European} {Network} for {Wood} {Science} and {Engineering} ({WSE})},\n\tauthor = {Adèle, Chabert and Kurkowiak, Katarzyna and Militz, Holger},\n\tmonth = oct,\n\tyear = {2023},\n\tpages = {16--18},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Investigation of chemical composition and wood-moisture interaction of acetylated beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) veneer after heat treatment.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Slabohm, M.; Emmerich, L.; and Militz, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In Proceedings of the 19th Meeting of the Northern European Network for Wood Science and Engineering (WSE), pages 10–12, Ås, Norway, October 2023. \n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@inproceedings{slabohm_investigation_2023,\n\taddress = {Ås, Norway},\n\ttitle = {Investigation of chemical composition and wood-moisture interaction of acetylated beech ({Fagus} sylvatica {L}.) veneer after heat treatment},\n\tbooktitle = {Proceedings of the 19th {Meeting} of the {Northern} {European} {Network} for {Wood} {Science} and {Engineering} ({WSE})},\n\tauthor = {Slabohm, Maik and Emmerich, Lukas and Militz, Holger},\n\tmonth = oct,\n\tyear = {2023},\n\tpages = {10--12},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n In-Situ Synthesis of Gypsum in Scots Pine Wood.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Karthäuser, J.; Bechstein, G. T.; Raskop, S.; and Militz, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In Proceedings of the 19th Meeting of the Northern European Network for Wood Science and Engineering (WSE), pages 7–9, Ås, Norway, October 2023. \n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@inproceedings{karthauser_-situ_2023,\n\taddress = {Ås, Norway},\n\ttitle = {In-{Situ} {Synthesis} of {Gypsum} in {Scots} {Pine} {Wood}},\n\tbooktitle = {Proceedings of the 19th {Meeting} of the {Northern} {European} {Network} for {Wood} {Science} and {Engineering} ({WSE})},\n\tauthor = {Karthäuser, Johannes and Bechstein, Georg T. and Raskop, Salomé and Militz, Holger},\n\tmonth = oct,\n\tyear = {2023},\n\tpages = {7--9},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Water Vapor Sorption Kinetics of Beech Wood Modified with Phenol Formaldehyde Resin Oligomers.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Lang, Q.; Biziks, V.; and Militz, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Forests, 14(10): 2015. October 2023.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n \"WaterPaper\n  \n \n\n \n \n doi\n  \n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n  \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@article{lang_water_2023,\n\ttitle = {Water {Vapor} {Sorption} {Kinetics} of {Beech} {Wood} {Modified} with {Phenol} {Formaldehyde} {Resin} {Oligomers}},\n\tvolume = {14},\n\tissn = {1999-4907},\n\turl = {https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4907/14/10/2015},\n\tdoi = {10.3390/f14102015},\n\tabstract = {Beech is an important tree species in Europe. This study aimed to elucidate the influence of four molecular weights of phenol formaldehyde (PF) resin (266, 286, 387, and 410 g/mol) on the sorption behavior of unmodified and modified beech wood samples using a dynamic vapor sorption (DVS) apparatus. The variations in the environmental relative humidity and moisture content (MC) of the samples were recorded, and the DVS isotherms were plotted from the equipment. During the sorption process, the MC of the modified samples decreased in comparison to that of the unmodified samples, and both apparently decreased with the increasing molecular weight of the PF resin. The DVS isotherm hysteresis plot illustrated a reduction in sorption hysteresis for the modified wood with varying PF resins compared to the unmodified samples. Based on the DVS isotherm adsorption and desorption plots, the decrease in the equilibrium of the MC can be attributed to there being fewer sorption sites in the modified samples, which exhibited the lowest hygroscopicity. Overall, the moisture sorption mechanism for both types of samples was clarified, highlighting a clear correlation between the molecular weight of the applied PF resin and its influence on moisture sorption behavior.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {10},\n\turldate = {2023-10-12},\n\tjournal = {Forests},\n\tauthor = {Lang, Qian and Biziks, Vladimirs and Militz, Holger},\n\tmonth = oct,\n\tyear = {2023},\n\tpages = {2015},\n\tfile = {Lang et al. - 2023 - Water Vapor Sorption Kinetics of Beech Wood Modifi.pdf:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\HBIEFGLD\\\\Lang et al. - 2023 - Water Vapor Sorption Kinetics of Beech Wood Modifi.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n Beech is an important tree species in Europe. This study aimed to elucidate the influence of four molecular weights of phenol formaldehyde (PF) resin (266, 286, 387, and 410 g/mol) on the sorption behavior of unmodified and modified beech wood samples using a dynamic vapor sorption (DVS) apparatus. The variations in the environmental relative humidity and moisture content (MC) of the samples were recorded, and the DVS isotherms were plotted from the equipment. During the sorption process, the MC of the modified samples decreased in comparison to that of the unmodified samples, and both apparently decreased with the increasing molecular weight of the PF resin. The DVS isotherm hysteresis plot illustrated a reduction in sorption hysteresis for the modified wood with varying PF resins compared to the unmodified samples. Based on the DVS isotherm adsorption and desorption plots, the decrease in the equilibrium of the MC can be attributed to there being fewer sorption sites in the modified samples, which exhibited the lowest hygroscopicity. Overall, the moisture sorption mechanism for both types of samples was clarified, highlighting a clear correlation between the molecular weight of the applied PF resin and its influence on moisture sorption behavior.\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Effect of pressurized hot water extraction on the resistance of Scots pine sapwood against mould fungi.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Kyyrö, S.; Altgen, M.; Belt, T.; Seppäläinen, H.; Brischke, C.; Heinze, P.; Militz, H.; and Rautkari, L.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Holzforschung, 77(5): 348–355. May 2023.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n \"EffectPaper\n  \n \n\n \n \n doi\n  \n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n  \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@article{kyyro_effect_2023-1,\n\ttitle = {Effect of pressurized hot water extraction on the resistance of {Scots} pine sapwood against mould fungi},\n\tvolume = {77},\n\tissn = {0018-3830, 1437-434X},\n\turl = {https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/hf-2022-0190/html},\n\tdoi = {10.1515/hf-2022-0190},\n\tabstract = {Abstract\n            \n              The effects of pressurized hot water extraction (HWE) treatment on the mould resistance of wood have not been extensively investigated yet. The activity of the mould fungi is dependent on the availability of nutrients. Therefore, the soluble degradation products produced during HWE treatment could affect the wood’s susceptibility to mould growth. Scots pine (\n              Pinus sylvestris\n              L.) sapwood specimens were treated with HWE at 140 °C for 1–5 h. Afterwards, the degradation products were either removed via leaching or the wood was dried without applying the leaching procedure. The surface layer (1.5 mm) was removed from half of the leached and non-leached specimens. The resistance of the specimens against mould growth was tested in an incubation chamber. HWE treated wood showed a higher susceptibility to mould growth when it was neither leached nor subjected to surface removal. The susceptibility of wood to mould fungi depended on the availability of hemicellulose-based degradation products produced during HWE treatment. These degradation products were removable via a leaching procedure, but also by removing the outermost layer of the wood. The results show the relevance of removing HWE degradation products located on the wood surface in improving resistance against mould growth.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {5},\n\turldate = {2023-12-11},\n\tjournal = {Holzforschung},\n\tauthor = {Kyyrö, Suvi and Altgen, Michael and Belt, Tiina and Seppäläinen, Hanna and Brischke, Christian and Heinze, Petra and Militz, Holger and Rautkari, Lauri},\n\tmonth = may,\n\tyear = {2023},\n\tpages = {348--355},\n\tfile = {Volltext:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\WNGKFV2P\\\\Kyyrö et al. - 2023 - Effect of pressurized hot water extraction on the .pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n Abstract The effects of pressurized hot water extraction (HWE) treatment on the mould resistance of wood have not been extensively investigated yet. The activity of the mould fungi is dependent on the availability of nutrients. Therefore, the soluble degradation products produced during HWE treatment could affect the wood’s susceptibility to mould growth. Scots pine ( Pinus sylvestris L.) sapwood specimens were treated with HWE at 140 °C for 1–5 h. Afterwards, the degradation products were either removed via leaching or the wood was dried without applying the leaching procedure. The surface layer (1.5 mm) was removed from half of the leached and non-leached specimens. The resistance of the specimens against mould growth was tested in an incubation chamber. HWE treated wood showed a higher susceptibility to mould growth when it was neither leached nor subjected to surface removal. The susceptibility of wood to mould fungi depended on the availability of hemicellulose-based degradation products produced during HWE treatment. These degradation products were removable via a leaching procedure, but also by removing the outermost layer of the wood. The results show the relevance of removing HWE degradation products located on the wood surface in improving resistance against mould growth.\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Substituting phenol in phenol–formaldehyde resins for wood modification by phenolic cleavage products from vacuum low-temperature microwave-assisted pyrolysis of softwood kraft lignin.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Karthäuser, J.; Biziks, V.; Frauendorf, H.; Hoffmann, L.; Raskop, S.; Roggatz, D.; and Militz, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Cellulose, 30(11): 7277–7293. July 2023.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n \"SubstitutingPaper\n  \n \n\n \n \n doi\n  \n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n  \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@article{karthauser_substituting_2023-1,\n\ttitle = {Substituting phenol in phenol–formaldehyde resins for wood modification by phenolic cleavage products from vacuum low-temperature microwave-assisted pyrolysis of softwood kraft lignin},\n\tvolume = {30},\n\tissn = {0969-0239, 1572-882X},\n\turl = {https://link.springer.com/10.1007/s10570-023-05295-5},\n\tdoi = {10.1007/s10570-023-05295-5},\n\tabstract = {Abstract\n            Wood modification by impregnation and curing inside of the cell wall using phenol–formaldehyde resins (PF resins) is a well-known and commercialized method to improve, amongst others, the dimensional stability and the durability of wood. However, phenol is mainly obtained from non-renewable resources, and the substitution of phenol by renewable resources has been a topic of research interest for years. Due to the high availability of technical lignins, lignin-derived cleavage products are promising candidates. In this study, organic cleavage products obtained from vacuum low-temperature microwave-assisted pyrolysis of softwood kraft lignin were used to substitute up to 45\\% of phenol in PF resins. The curing behavior and the free formaldehyde content of the resins was studied. Pine sapwood was treated with these resins by a vacuum pressure treatment, and the weight percent gain, leaching, and dimensional stability of the species were examined. Selected samples were analyzed with bright-field microscopy. The results indicate that up to 30\\% substitution of phenol by lignin-based organic products does not lead to significantly inferior quality of wood modification. Additionally, the amount of formaldehyde added to the resin can be reduced. The method described in this study could be a way to improve the environmental footprint of wood modification by PF resins.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {11},\n\turldate = {2023-12-11},\n\tjournal = {Cellulose},\n\tauthor = {Karthäuser, Johannes and Biziks, Vladimirs and Frauendorf, Holm and Hoffmann, Lisa and Raskop, Salomé and Roggatz, Daniel and Militz, Holger},\n\tmonth = jul,\n\tyear = {2023},\n\tpages = {7277--7293},\n\tfile = {Volltext:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\ANSIPHVH\\\\Karthäuser et al. - 2023 - Substituting phenol in phenol–formaldehyde resins .pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n Abstract Wood modification by impregnation and curing inside of the cell wall using phenol–formaldehyde resins (PF resins) is a well-known and commercialized method to improve, amongst others, the dimensional stability and the durability of wood. However, phenol is mainly obtained from non-renewable resources, and the substitution of phenol by renewable resources has been a topic of research interest for years. Due to the high availability of technical lignins, lignin-derived cleavage products are promising candidates. In this study, organic cleavage products obtained from vacuum low-temperature microwave-assisted pyrolysis of softwood kraft lignin were used to substitute up to 45% of phenol in PF resins. The curing behavior and the free formaldehyde content of the resins was studied. Pine sapwood was treated with these resins by a vacuum pressure treatment, and the weight percent gain, leaching, and dimensional stability of the species were examined. Selected samples were analyzed with bright-field microscopy. The results indicate that up to 30% substitution of phenol by lignin-based organic products does not lead to significantly inferior quality of wood modification. Additionally, the amount of formaldehyde added to the resin can be reduced. The method described in this study could be a way to improve the environmental footprint of wood modification by PF resins.\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Characterizing surface adhesion-related chemical properties of copper azole and disodium octaborate tetrahydrate-impregnated Eucalyptus grandis wood.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Alade, A. A.; Naghizadeh, Z.; Wessels, C. B.; Stolze, H.; and Militz, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Journal of Adhesion Science and Technology, 37(15): 2261–2284. August 2023.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n \"CharacterizingPaper\n  \n \n\n \n \n doi\n  \n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@article{alade_characterizing_2023,\n\ttitle = {Characterizing surface adhesion-related chemical properties of copper azole and disodium octaborate tetrahydrate-impregnated \\textit{{Eucalyptus} grandis} wood},\n\tvolume = {37},\n\tissn = {0169-4243, 1568-5616},\n\turl = {https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/01694243.2022.2125208},\n\tdoi = {10.1080/01694243.2022.2125208},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {15},\n\turldate = {2023-12-11},\n\tjournal = {Journal of Adhesion Science and Technology},\n\tauthor = {Alade, Adefemi Adebisi and Naghizadeh, Zahra and Wessels, Coenraad Brand and Stolze, Hannes and Militz, Holger},\n\tmonth = aug,\n\tyear = {2023},\n\tkeywords = {adhesion, FTIR, Eucalyptus grandis, Wood preservation, SEM-EDS, surface modification},\n\tpages = {2261--2284},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Untersuchung ausgewählter Eigenschaften von Fensterkanteln aus Kiefernkern- und -splintholz.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Hermans, J. P.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Technical Report Wood Biology and Wood Products, Faculty of Forest Sciences and Forest Ecology, University of Goettingen, Göttingen, Germany, September 2023.\n Prüfer: Prof. Militz, Dr. Bollmus, Stolze\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@techreport{hermans_untersuchung_2023,\n\taddress = {Göttingen, Germany},\n\ttype = {Bachelor thesis},\n\ttitle = {Untersuchung ausgewählter {Eigenschaften} von {Fensterkanteln} aus {Kiefernkern}- und -splintholz},\n\tlanguage = {de ger},\n\tinstitution = {Wood Biology and Wood Products, Faculty of Forest Sciences and Forest Ecology, University of Goettingen},\n\tauthor = {Hermans, Jan Paul},\n\tmonth = sep,\n\tyear = {2023},\n\tnote = {Prüfer: Prof. Militz, Dr. Bollmus, Stolze},\n\tpages = {39},\n\tfile = {Hermans - 2023 - Untersuchung ausgewählter Eigenschaften von Fenste.pdf:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\34532KJU\\\\Hermans - 2023 - Untersuchung ausgewählter Eigenschaften von Fenste.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Fire resistance of pine wood treated with phenol-formaldehyde resin and phosphate-based flame retardant.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Wu, M.; Emmerich, L.; Kurkowiak, K.; and Militz, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Wood Material Science & Engineering, 18(6): 1933–1939. November 2023.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n \"FirePaper\n  \n \n\n \n \n doi\n  \n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
\n 
@article{wu_fire_2023-1,\n\ttitle = {Fire resistance of pine wood treated with phenol-formaldehyde resin and phosphate-based flame retardant},\n\tvolume = {18},\n\tissn = {1748-0272, 1748-0280},\n\turl = {https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/17480272.2023.2205379},\n\tdoi = {10.1080/17480272.2023.2205379},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {6},\n\turldate = {2023-12-18},\n\tjournal = {Wood Material Science \\& Engineering},\n\tauthor = {Wu, Muting and Emmerich, Lukas and Kurkowiak, Katarzyna and Militz, Holger},\n\tmonth = nov,\n\tyear = {2023},\n\tpages = {1933--1939},\n\tfile = {Wu et al. - 2023 - Fire resistance of pine wood treated with phenol-f.pdf:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\NJ6NHIB5\\\\Wu et al. - 2023 - Fire resistance of pine wood treated with phenol-f.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Thermal and chemical modification of wood – a combined approach for exclusive, high-demanding performance products.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Goli, G.; Negro, F.; Emmerich, L.; and Militz, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Wood Material Science & Engineering, 18(1): 58–66. January 2023.\n Publisher: Taylor & Francis _eprint: https://doi.org/10.1080/17480272.2022.2143281\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n \"ThermalPaper\n  \n \n\n \n \n doi\n  \n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n  \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@article{goli_thermal_2023-1,\n\ttitle = {Thermal and chemical modification of wood – a combined approach for exclusive, high-demanding performance products},\n\tvolume = {18},\n\tissn = {1748-0272},\n\turl = {https://doi.org/10.1080/17480272.2022.2143281},\n\tdoi = {10.1080/17480272.2022.2143281},\n\tabstract = {Chemical and thermo-chemical modification processes were applied to European beech wood to make it applicable for interior applications which place high demands on aesthetics, hygrothermal and water resistance performance. In particular, the use of modified wood in kitchen tools was foreseen. Impregnation modification with a 20\\% DMDHEU solution, thermal modification and a combined approach of thermo-chemical modification were compared. All modification processes caused a darkening that for the high modification intensities became close to the aesthetics of some of the most renowned tropical hardwood species. The higher the modification intensity, the higher the improvement. In particular, chemical and thermo-chemical modification processes significantly decreased the liquid water uptake. As regards the mechanical performances while stiffness and strength did not change abruptly and hardness increased, the resistance towards dynamic impacts significantly decreased with every kind of modification process. Thermo-chemical modifications resulted to be an interesting way to improve most of the physical properties of wood with outstanding behaviour in terms of colour appearance and reduction of water uptake in wet environments. An increased brittleness is the weakest point for foreseen fields of application.},\n\tnumber = {1},\n\turldate = {2024-01-11},\n\tjournal = {Wood Material Science \\& Engineering},\n\tauthor = {Goli, Giacomo and Negro, Federico and Emmerich, Lukas and Militz, Holger},\n\tmonth = jan,\n\tyear = {2023},\n\tnote = {Publisher: Taylor \\& Francis\n\\_eprint: https://doi.org/10.1080/17480272.2022.2143281},\n\tkeywords = {DMDHEU, Beech wood, high-demanding applications, thermo-chemical modification},\n\tpages = {58--66},\n\tfile = {Full Text PDF:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\YARXK672\\\\Goli et al. - 2023 - Thermal and chemical modification of wood – a comb.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n Chemical and thermo-chemical modification processes were applied to European beech wood to make it applicable for interior applications which place high demands on aesthetics, hygrothermal and water resistance performance. In particular, the use of modified wood in kitchen tools was foreseen. Impregnation modification with a 20% DMDHEU solution, thermal modification and a combined approach of thermo-chemical modification were compared. All modification processes caused a darkening that for the high modification intensities became close to the aesthetics of some of the most renowned tropical hardwood species. The higher the modification intensity, the higher the improvement. In particular, chemical and thermo-chemical modification processes significantly decreased the liquid water uptake. As regards the mechanical performances while stiffness and strength did not change abruptly and hardness increased, the resistance towards dynamic impacts significantly decreased with every kind of modification process. Thermo-chemical modifications resulted to be an interesting way to improve most of the physical properties of wood with outstanding behaviour in terms of colour appearance and reduction of water uptake in wet environments. An increased brittleness is the weakest point for foreseen fields of application.\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Determination of the Bonding Strength of Finger Joints Using a New Test Specimen Geometry.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Stolze, H.; Gurnik, M.; Kegel, S.; Bollmus, S.; and Militz, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Processes, 11(2): 445. February 2023.\n Number: 2 Publisher: Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n \"DeterminationPaper\n  \n \n\n \n \n doi\n  \n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n  \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@article{stolze_determination_2023-1,\n\ttitle = {Determination of the {Bonding} {Strength} of {Finger} {Joints} {Using} a {New} {Test} {Specimen} {Geometry}},\n\tvolume = {11},\n\tcopyright = {http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/},\n\tissn = {2227-9717},\n\turl = {https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9717/11/2/445},\n\tdoi = {10.3390/pr11020445},\n\tabstract = {In this study, a specimen geometry for testing finger joints was developed using finite element simulation and proofed by experimental testing. Six different wood species and three adhesives were used for finger-jointing specimens. With the test specimen geometry, the bonding strength of the finger joints was determined without the usual self-locking of the joint. Under load, the test specimen geometry introduces maximum stress at the beginning of the bond line (adhesive zone). However, the test specimen geometry does not generate a symmetric stress state. The main difficulty here is the flank angle of the finger joint geometry. The wood species and adhesives significantly influenced the performance of the finger joints.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {2},\n\turldate = {2024-01-11},\n\tjournal = {Processes},\n\tauthor = {Stolze, Hannes and Gurnik, Michael and Kegel, Sebastian and Bollmus, Susanne and Militz, Holger},\n\tmonth = feb,\n\tyear = {2023},\n\tnote = {Number: 2\nPublisher: Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute},\n\tkeywords = {hardwoods, softwoods, bonding strength, finger joints, adhesive joint design, finite element simulation},\n\tpages = {445},\n\tfile = {Full Text PDF:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\Q42YXSYZ\\\\Stolze et al. - 2023 - Determination of the Bonding Strength of Finger Jo.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n In this study, a specimen geometry for testing finger joints was developed using finite element simulation and proofed by experimental testing. Six different wood species and three adhesives were used for finger-jointing specimens. With the test specimen geometry, the bonding strength of the finger joints was determined without the usual self-locking of the joint. Under load, the test specimen geometry introduces maximum stress at the beginning of the bond line (adhesive zone). However, the test specimen geometry does not generate a symmetric stress state. The main difficulty here is the flank angle of the finger joint geometry. The wood species and adhesives significantly influenced the performance of the finger joints.\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Effect of Citric Acid on the Properties of Sapwood of Pinus sylvestris Submitted to Thermomechanical Treatment.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Crisostomo, M.; Del Menezzi, C.; Militz, H.; Kurkowiak, K.; Mayer, A.; Carvalho, L.; and Martins, J.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Forests, 14(9): 1839. September 2023.\n Number: 9 Publisher: Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n \"EffectPaper\n  \n \n\n \n \n doi\n  \n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n  \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@article{crisostomo_effect_2023-2,\n\ttitle = {Effect of {Citric} {Acid} on the {Properties} of {Sapwood} of {Pinus} sylvestris {Submitted} to {Thermomechanical} {Treatment}},\n\tvolume = {14},\n\tcopyright = {http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/},\n\tissn = {1999-4907},\n\turl = {https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4907/14/9/1839},\n\tdoi = {10.3390/f14091839},\n\tabstract = {The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of citric acid on the properties of solid pine wood, which were submitted to thermomechanical treatment. A preliminary test was performed in a previous study to evaluate the influence of different temperatures of pressing and concentrations of citric acid on the physical properties of wood. After choosing the best treatments (170 °C and 5\\% and 10\\% of citric acid), the effect of these on the chemical properties (SEM, FTIR and pH); on the density profile using an X-ray microtomography and on the resistance to aging through an abrasion test were evaluated. The result of the chemical analysis showed an increase of the presence of ester functional groups, as well as better coverage and higher acidity of the surface. The density profile technique allowed us to observe the formation of peaks of density on the surface where the acid was applied. Lastly, it was also possible to verify an increase in the resistance to abrasions because of the application of citric acid.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {9},\n\turldate = {2024-10-29},\n\tjournal = {Forests},\n\tauthor = {Crisostomo, Matheus and Del Menezzi, Cláudio and Militz, Holger and Kurkowiak, Katarzyna and Mayer, Aaron and Carvalho, Luisa and Martins, Jorge},\n\tmonth = sep,\n\tyear = {2023},\n\tnote = {Number: 9\nPublisher: Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute},\n\tkeywords = {citric acid, dimensional stability, solid timber, thermomechanical modification},\n\tpages = {1839},\n\tfile = {Full Text PDF:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\L8HQ9L3Q\\\\Crisostomo et al. - 2023 - Effect of Citric Acid on the Properties of Sapwood.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of citric acid on the properties of solid pine wood, which were submitted to thermomechanical treatment. A preliminary test was performed in a previous study to evaluate the influence of different temperatures of pressing and concentrations of citric acid on the physical properties of wood. After choosing the best treatments (170 °C and 5% and 10% of citric acid), the effect of these on the chemical properties (SEM, FTIR and pH); on the density profile using an X-ray microtomography and on the resistance to aging through an abrasion test were evaluated. The result of the chemical analysis showed an increase of the presence of ester functional groups, as well as better coverage and higher acidity of the surface. The density profile technique allowed us to observe the formation of peaks of density on the surface where the acid was applied. Lastly, it was also possible to verify an increase in the resistance to abrasions because of the application of citric acid.\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n A novel wood preservation technology improving durability and water-related properties.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Emmerich, L.; Militz, H.; and Vila, M\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In Proceedings IRG Annual Meeting, pages 15, Bled, Slovenia, May 2022. \n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n doi\n  \n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@inproceedings{emmerich_novel_2022,\n\taddress = {Bled, Slovenia},\n\ttitle = {A novel wood preservation technology improving durability and water-related properties},\n\tdoi = {IRG/WP 22-40926},\n\tlanguage = {En},\n\tbooktitle = {Proceedings {IRG} {Annual} {Meeting}},\n\tauthor = {Emmerich, L. and Militz, H. and Vila, M},\n\tmonth = may,\n\tyear = {2022},\n\tpages = {15},\n\tfile = {Emmerich et al. - 2022 - A novel wood preservation technology improving dur.pdf:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\6N63SNGK\\\\Emmerich et al. - 2022 - A novel wood preservation technology improving dur.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Vacuum Low-Temperature Microwave-Assisted Pyrolysis of Technical Lignins.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Karthäuser, J.; Biziks, V.; Frauendorf, H.; Mai, C.; and Militz, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Polymers, 14(16): 3383. August 2022.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n \"VacuumPaper\n  \n \n\n \n \n doi\n  \n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n  \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n  \n \n 1 download\n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@article{karthauser_vacuum_2022,\n\ttitle = {Vacuum {Low}-{Temperature} {Microwave}-{Assisted} {Pyrolysis} of {Technical} {Lignins}},\n\tvolume = {14},\n\tissn = {2073-4360},\n\turl = {https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/14/16/3383},\n\tdoi = {10.3390/polym14163383},\n\tabstract = {Cleavage by microwave-assisted pyrolysis is a way to obtain higher-value organic chemicals from technical lignins. In this report, pine kraft lignin (PKL), spruce and beech organosolv lignin (SOSL and BOSL), and calcium lignosulfonates from spruce wood (LS) were pyrolyzed at temperatures between 30 and 280 ◦C using vacuum low-temperature, microwave-assisted pyrolysis. The mass balance, energy consumption, condensation rate, and pressure changes of the products during the pyrolysis process were recorded. Phenolic condensates obtained at different temperatures during pyrolysis were collected, and their chemical composition was determined by GC-MS and GC-FID. The origin of the technical lignin had a significant influence on the pyrolysis products. Phenolic condensates were obtained in yields of approximately 15\\% (PKL and SOSL) as well as in lower yields of 4.5\\% (BOSL) or even 1.7\\% (LS). The main production of the phenolic condensates for the PKL and SOSL occurred at temperatures of approximately 140 and 180 ◦C, respectively. The main components of the phenolic fraction of the three softwood lignins were guaiacol, 4-methylguaiacol, 4-ethylguaiacol, and other guaiacol derivatives; however, the quantity varied significantly depending on the lignin source. Due to the low cleavage temperature vacuum, low-temperature, microwave-assisted pyrolysis could be an interesting approach to lignin conversion.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {16},\n\turldate = {2022-08-24},\n\tjournal = {Polymers},\n\tauthor = {Karthäuser, Johannes and Biziks, Vladimirs and Frauendorf, Holm and Mai, Carsten and Militz, Holger},\n\tmonth = aug,\n\tyear = {2022},\n\tpages = {3383},\n\tfile = {Karthäuser et al. - 2022 - Vacuum Low-Temperature Microwave-Assisted Pyrolysi.pdf:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\SKUKYR79\\\\Karthäuser et al. - 2022 - Vacuum Low-Temperature Microwave-Assisted Pyrolysi.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n Cleavage by microwave-assisted pyrolysis is a way to obtain higher-value organic chemicals from technical lignins. In this report, pine kraft lignin (PKL), spruce and beech organosolv lignin (SOSL and BOSL), and calcium lignosulfonates from spruce wood (LS) were pyrolyzed at temperatures between 30 and 280 ◦C using vacuum low-temperature, microwave-assisted pyrolysis. The mass balance, energy consumption, condensation rate, and pressure changes of the products during the pyrolysis process were recorded. Phenolic condensates obtained at different temperatures during pyrolysis were collected, and their chemical composition was determined by GC-MS and GC-FID. The origin of the technical lignin had a significant influence on the pyrolysis products. Phenolic condensates were obtained in yields of approximately 15% (PKL and SOSL) as well as in lower yields of 4.5% (BOSL) or even 1.7% (LS). The main production of the phenolic condensates for the PKL and SOSL occurred at temperatures of approximately 140 and 180 ◦C, respectively. The main components of the phenolic fraction of the three softwood lignins were guaiacol, 4-methylguaiacol, 4-ethylguaiacol, and other guaiacol derivatives; however, the quantity varied significantly depending on the lignin source. Due to the low cleavage temperature vacuum, low-temperature, microwave-assisted pyrolysis could be an interesting approach to lignin conversion.\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Compression of Acetylated Beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) Laminated Veneer Lumber (LVL).\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Slabohm, M.; Mayer, A. K.; and Militz, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Forests, 13(7): 1122. July 2022.\n Number: 7 Publisher: Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n \"CompressionPaper\n  \n \n\n \n \n doi\n  \n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n  \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@article{slabohm_compression_2022,\n\ttitle = {Compression of {Acetylated} {Beech} ({Fagus} sylvatica {L}.) {Laminated} {Veneer} {Lumber} ({LVL})},\n\tvolume = {13},\n\tcopyright = {http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/},\n\tissn = {1999-4907},\n\turl = {https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4907/13/7/1122},\n\tdoi = {10.3390/f13071122},\n\tabstract = {Acetylation with acetic anhydride is well known to improve the dimensional stability and durability of wood. Veneer is appealing for acetylation because of its thin thickness, which supports a complete and even impregnation of difficult-to-treat wood species, such as beech (Fagus sylvatica L.). Unlike resin-based veneer impregnation, acetylated veneer does not require any additional curing. As a result, veneer properties are already altered prior to bonding. The compression thickness reduction in acetylated beech veneer during the manufacturing of laminated veneer lumber (LVL) utilizing 1, 3, and 6 MPa at 150 °C for 30 min is investigated in this study. The results show that acetylated beech veneer is considerably less compressible than the references. Moreover, the density of acetylated LVL at low pressure (1 MPa) is similar to the one of references, even though the compressibility is much lower. This is due to the added acetyl groups after acetylation. The reduction in compressibility is most likely caused due to a decrease in moisture content (MC) and its accompanied mechanisms.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {7},\n\turldate = {2022-07-28},\n\tjournal = {Forests},\n\tauthor = {Slabohm, Maik and Mayer, Aaron Kilian and Militz, Holger},\n\tmonth = jul,\n\tyear = {2022},\n\tnote = {Number: 7\nPublisher: Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute},\n\tkeywords = {wood modification, acetylation, laminated veneer lumber (LVL), compression, densification},\n\tpages = {1122},\n\tfile = {Full Text PDF:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\AJVULWFJ\\\\Slabohm et al. - 2022 - Compression of Acetylated Beech (Fagus sylvatica L.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n Acetylation with acetic anhydride is well known to improve the dimensional stability and durability of wood. Veneer is appealing for acetylation because of its thin thickness, which supports a complete and even impregnation of difficult-to-treat wood species, such as beech (Fagus sylvatica L.). Unlike resin-based veneer impregnation, acetylated veneer does not require any additional curing. As a result, veneer properties are already altered prior to bonding. The compression thickness reduction in acetylated beech veneer during the manufacturing of laminated veneer lumber (LVL) utilizing 1, 3, and 6 MPa at 150 °C for 30 min is investigated in this study. The results show that acetylated beech veneer is considerably less compressible than the references. Moreover, the density of acetylated LVL at low pressure (1 MPa) is similar to the one of references, even though the compressibility is much lower. This is due to the added acetyl groups after acetylation. The reduction in compressibility is most likely caused due to a decrease in moisture content (MC) and its accompanied mechanisms.\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Proceedings of the 10th European Conference on Wood Modification.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Candelier, K.; Collet, K.; Dumarçay, S.; Fredon, E.; Gérardin, C.; Gérardin, P.; Masson, E.; Militz, H.; Montibus, M.; Thévenon, M.; and Wozniak, E.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n University of Lorraine, Nancy, France, 2022.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@book{candelier_proceedings_2022,\n\taddress = {Nancy, France},\n\ttitle = {Proceedings of the 10th {European} {Conference} on {Wood} {Modification}},\n\tisbn = {978-2-37111-000-7},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tpublisher = {University of Lorraine},\n\tauthor = {Candelier, K. and Collet, K. and Dumarçay, S. and Fredon, E. and Gérardin, C. and Gérardin, P. and Masson, E. and Militz, H. and Montibus, M. and Thévenon, M.-F. and Wozniak, E.},\n\tyear = {2022},\n\tfile = {ECWM10_Book of Proceedings_09062022_VF.pdf:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\ERPS3G4X\\\\ECWM10_Book of Proceedings_09062022_VF.pdf:application/pdf;ECWM10_Book of Proceedings_KC_VF_09062022.docx:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\J8AN7VQH\\\\ECWM10_Book of Proceedings_KC_VF_09062022.docx:application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.wordprocessingml.document},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Impact of Process Duration on Selected Physical Properties of Thermally Modified Eucalyptus Wood.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Batista, D.; Wentzel, M.; Brischke, C.; and Militz, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In Proceedings of 10th European Conference on Wood Modification, pages 365–368, Nancy, France, April 2022. University of Lorraine\n \n\n\n\n
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@inproceedings{batista_impact_2022,\n\taddress = {Nancy, France},\n\ttitle = {Impact of {Process} {Duration} on {Selected} {Physical} {Properties} of {Thermally} {Modified} {Eucalyptus} {Wood}},\n\tisbn = {978-2-37111-000-7},\n\tlanguage = {EN},\n\tbooktitle = {Proceedings of 10th {European} {Conference} on {Wood} {Modification}},\n\tpublisher = {University of Lorraine},\n\tauthor = {Batista, D.C. and Wentzel, M. and Brischke, C. and Militz, H.},\n\tmonth = apr,\n\tyear = {2022},\n\tpages = {365--368},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Growth Behaviour and Wood Degradation of Wood-Destroying Fungi in Chemically Modified Wood.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Emmerich, L.; Bleckmann, M.; Strohbusch, S.; Brischke, C.; Bollmus, S.; and Militz, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In Proceedings of 10th European Conference on Wood Modification, pages 249–256, Nancy, France, April 2022. University of Lorraine\n \n\n\n\n
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@inproceedings{emmerich_growth_2022,\n\taddress = {Nancy, France},\n\ttitle = {Growth {Behaviour} and {Wood} {Degradation} of {Wood}-{Destroying} {Fungi} in {Chemically} {Modified} {Wood}},\n\tisbn = {978-2-37111-000-7},\n\tlanguage = {EN},\n\tbooktitle = {Proceedings of 10th {European} {Conference} on {Wood} {Modification}},\n\tpublisher = {University of Lorraine},\n\tauthor = {Emmerich, L. and Bleckmann, M. and Strohbusch, S. and Brischke, C. and Bollmus, S. and Militz, H.},\n\tmonth = apr,\n\tyear = {2022},\n\tpages = {249--256},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Performance of Resin-Treated Solid Wood and Laminated Veneer Lumber (LVL) Under Marine Conditions. 10th European Conference on Wood Modification.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Emmerich, L.; Brischke, C.; and Militz, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In Proceedings of 10th European Conference on Wood Modification, pages 284–291, Nancy, France, April 2022. University of Lorraine\n \n\n\n\n
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@inproceedings{emmerich_performance_2022,\n\taddress = {Nancy, France},\n\ttitle = {Performance of {Resin}-{Treated} {Solid} {Wood} and {Laminated} {Veneer} {Lumber} ({LVL}) {Under} {Marine} {Conditions}. 10th {European} {Conference} on {Wood} {Modification}},\n\tisbn = {978-2-37111-000-7},\n\tlanguage = {EN},\n\tbooktitle = {Proceedings of 10th {European} {Conference} on {Wood} {Modification}},\n\tpublisher = {University of Lorraine},\n\tauthor = {Emmerich, L. and Brischke, C. and Militz, H.},\n\tmonth = apr,\n\tyear = {2022},\n\tpages = {284--291},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Thermal and Chemical Wood Modification - A combined Approach for Exclusive, High Demanding Performance Products.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Goli, G.; Negro, F.; Emmerich, L.; and Militz, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In Proceedings of 10th European Conference on Wood Modification, pages 386–392, Nancy, France, April 2022. University of Lorraine\n \n\n\n\n
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@inproceedings{goli_thermal_2022,\n\taddress = {Nancy, France},\n\ttitle = {Thermal and {Chemical} {Wood} {Modification} - {A} combined {Approach} for {Exclusive}, {High} {Demanding} {Performance} {Products}},\n\tisbn = {978-2-37111-000-7},\n\tlanguage = {EN},\n\tbooktitle = {Proceedings of 10th {European} {Conference} on {Wood} {Modification}},\n\tpublisher = {University of Lorraine},\n\tauthor = {Goli, G. and Negro, F. and Emmerich, L. and Militz, H.},\n\tmonth = apr,\n\tyear = {2022},\n\tpages = {386--392},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Wood Modification with Citric Acid and Sorbitol – A Review and Future Perspectives.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Kurkowiak, K.; Emmerich, L.; Simmering, C.; and Militz, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In Proceedings of 10th European Conference on Wood Modification, pages 32–38, Nancy, France, April 2022. University of Lorraine\n \n\n\n\n
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@inproceedings{kurkowiak_wood_2022,\n\taddress = {Nancy, France},\n\ttitle = {Wood {Modification} with {Citric} {Acid} and {Sorbitol} – {A} {Review} and {Future} {Perspectives}},\n\tisbn = {978-2-37111-000-7},\n\tlanguage = {EN},\n\tbooktitle = {Proceedings of 10th {European} {Conference} on {Wood} {Modification}},\n\tpublisher = {University of Lorraine},\n\tauthor = {Kurkowiak, K. and Emmerich, L. and Simmering, C. and Militz, H.},\n\tmonth = apr,\n\tyear = {2022},\n\tpages = {32--38},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Understanding the Mode of Action of Sorbitol and Citric Acid (SorCA) in Wood.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Kurkowiak, K.; Hentges, D.; Dumarçay, S.; Gérardin, P.; and Militz, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In Proceedings of 10th European Conference on Wood Modification, pages 209–216, Nancy, France, April 2022. University of Lorraine\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n  \n \n 1 download\n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@inproceedings{kurkowiak_understanding_2022,\n\taddress = {Nancy, France},\n\ttitle = {Understanding the {Mode} of {Action} of {Sorbitol} and {Citric} {Acid} ({SorCA}) in {Wood}},\n\tisbn = {978-2-37111-000-7},\n\tlanguage = {EN},\n\tbooktitle = {Proceedings of 10th {European} {Conference} on {Wood} {Modification}},\n\tpublisher = {University of Lorraine},\n\tauthor = {Kurkowiak, K. and Hentges, D. and Dumarçay, S. and Gérardin, P. and Militz, H.},\n\tmonth = apr,\n\tyear = {2022},\n\tpages = {209--216},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Improvement of Decay and Termite's Durability of Wood Through Combined Treatments Involving Thermal and Mild Chemical Modifications – A Review of Last Research Works of Laboratory.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Mubarok, M.; Salman, S.; Militz, H.; Dumarcay, S.; Thévenon, M.; Candelier, K.; Darmawan, I.; Hadi, Y.; and Gérardin, P.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In Proceedings of 10th European Conference on Wood Modification, pages 168–175, Nancy, France, April 2022. University of Lorraine\n \n\n\n\n
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@inproceedings{mubarok_improvement_2022,\n\taddress = {Nancy, France},\n\ttitle = {Improvement of {Decay} and {Termite}'s {Durability} of {Wood} {Through} {Combined} {Treatments} {Involving} {Thermal} and {Mild} {Chemical} {Modifications} – {A} {Review} of {Last} {Research} {Works} of {Laboratory}},\n\tisbn = {978-2-37111-000-7},\n\tlanguage = {EN},\n\tbooktitle = {Proceedings of 10th {European} {Conference} on {Wood} {Modification}},\n\tpublisher = {University of Lorraine},\n\tauthor = {Mubarok, M. and Salman, S. and Militz, H. and Dumarcay, S. and Thévenon, M.F. and Candelier, K. and Darmawan, I.W. and Hadi, Y.S. and Gérardin, P.},\n\tmonth = apr,\n\tyear = {2022},\n\tpages = {168--175},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Improving Durability and Dimensional Stability of Beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) LVL by Acetylation With Acetic Anhydride.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Slabohm, M.; and Militz, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In Proceedings of 10th European Conference on Wood Modification, pages 217–225, Nancy, France, April 2022. University of Lorraine\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@inproceedings{slabohm_improving_2022,\n\taddress = {Nancy, France},\n\ttitle = {Improving {Durability} and {Dimensional} {Stability} of {Beech} ({Fagus} sylvatica {L}.) {LVL} by {Acetylation} {With} {Acetic} {Anhydride}},\n\tisbn = {978-2-37111-000-7},\n\tlanguage = {EN},\n\tbooktitle = {Proceedings of 10th {European} {Conference} on {Wood} {Modification}},\n\tpublisher = {University of Lorraine},\n\tauthor = {Slabohm, M. and Militz, H.},\n\tmonth = apr,\n\tyear = {2022},\n\tpages = {217--225},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Bonding Acetylated Veneer for Engineered Wood Products—A Review.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Slabohm, M.; Mai, C.; and Militz, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Materials, 15(10): 3665. May 2022.\n Number: 10 Publisher: Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n \"BondingPaper\n  \n \n\n \n \n doi\n  \n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n  \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@article{slabohm_bonding_2022,\n\ttitle = {Bonding {Acetylated} {Veneer} for {Engineered} {Wood} {Products}—{A} {Review}},\n\tvolume = {15},\n\tcopyright = {http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/},\n\tissn = {1996-1944},\n\turl = {https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/15/10/3665},\n\tdoi = {10.3390/ma15103665},\n\tabstract = {The purpose of this review is to put previous research findings on acetylated wood and the fabrication of veneer-based products in a common context. The first research on wood acetylation was already conducted in the 1920s using wood meal, whereas relevant research on veneer acetylation was published nearly two decades later, during the 1940s. In the years that followed, a great deal of research has been done on both solid wood and composite acetylation. Developments in the 1990s and early 2000s resulted in the creation of commercial products. Nowadays, wood is becoming increasingly popular in construction. Therefore, high-performance materials with high dimensional stability and durability are required. Veneers are thereby of particular relevance because of their propensity to absorb chemicals into even tough-to-treat wood species. However, acetylation alters the bonding properties of wood, which is important for the manufacture of engineered veneer products, especially in load-bearing construction. A large amount of research is now being conducted on the acetylation of veneer, and acetylated veneer products are anticipated in the near future. This study covers the fundamentals of bonding but focuses specifically on veneer acetylation and its fabrication to engineered veneer-based products. The influencing factors of acetylation on bonding are also discussed.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {10},\n\turldate = {2022-05-23},\n\tjournal = {Materials},\n\tauthor = {Slabohm, Maik and Mai, Carsten and Militz, Holger},\n\tmonth = may,\n\tyear = {2022},\n\tnote = {Number: 10\nPublisher: Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute},\n\tkeywords = {wood modification, plywood, acetylation, laminated veneer lumber, rotary cut veneer},\n\tpages = {3665},\n\tfile = {Full Text PDF:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\C75YXPUX\\\\Slabohm et al. - 2022 - Bonding Acetylated Veneer for Engineered Wood Prod.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n The purpose of this review is to put previous research findings on acetylated wood and the fabrication of veneer-based products in a common context. The first research on wood acetylation was already conducted in the 1920s using wood meal, whereas relevant research on veneer acetylation was published nearly two decades later, during the 1940s. In the years that followed, a great deal of research has been done on both solid wood and composite acetylation. Developments in the 1990s and early 2000s resulted in the creation of commercial products. Nowadays, wood is becoming increasingly popular in construction. Therefore, high-performance materials with high dimensional stability and durability are required. Veneers are thereby of particular relevance because of their propensity to absorb chemicals into even tough-to-treat wood species. However, acetylation alters the bonding properties of wood, which is important for the manufacture of engineered veneer products, especially in load-bearing construction. A large amount of research is now being conducted on the acetylation of veneer, and acetylated veneer products are anticipated in the near future. This study covers the fundamentals of bonding but focuses specifically on veneer acetylation and its fabrication to engineered veneer-based products. The influencing factors of acetylation on bonding are also discussed.\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Identifikation und Anwendung kurzkettiger Lignin-Bausteine zur Holzmodifizierung.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Karthäuser, J.; Biziks, V.; Hoffmann, L.; Frauendorf, H.; and Militz, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In Deutsche Holzschutztagung 2022, pages 140–147, Dresden, May 2022. IHD\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@inproceedings{karthauser_identifikation_2022,\n\taddress = {Dresden},\n\ttitle = {Identifikation und {Anwendung} kurzkettiger {Lignin}-{Bausteine} zur {Holzmodifizierung}},\n\tlanguage = {de},\n\tbooktitle = {Deutsche {Holzschutztagung} 2022},\n\tpublisher = {IHD},\n\tauthor = {Karthäuser, Johannes and Biziks, Vladimirs and Hoffmann, Lisa and Frauendorf, Holm and Militz, Holger},\n\tmonth = may,\n\tyear = {2022},\n\tpages = {140--147},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Non-Destructive Evaluation of the Cutting Surface of Hardwood Finger Joints.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Stolze, H.; Gurnik, M.; Koddenberg, T.; Kröger, J.; Köhler, R.; Viöl, W.; and Militz, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Sensors, 22(10): 3855. January 2022.\n Number: 10 Publisher: Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n \"Non-DestructivePaper\n  \n \n\n \n \n doi\n  \n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n  \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@article{stolze_non-destructive_2022,\n\ttitle = {Non-{Destructive} {Evaluation} of the {Cutting} {Surface} of {Hardwood} {Finger} {Joints}},\n\tvolume = {22},\n\tcopyright = {http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/},\n\tissn = {1424-8220},\n\turl = {https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/10/3855},\n\tdoi = {10.3390/s22103855},\n\tabstract = {In this study, the surface parameters wettability, roughness, and adhesive penetration, which are important for wood bonding, were investigated and evaluated utilizing non-destructive methods after different mechanical processing. For this purpose, beech and birch finger joints were prepared with different cutting combinations (three cutters with different sharpness levels and two feed rates) in an industrial process. Effects and interactions on the surface parameters resulting from the different cutting combinations were evaluated using three Full Factorial Designs. The various cutting parameters had a predominantly significant influence on the surface parameters. The effects and identified interactions highlight the complexity of the cutting surface and the importance of wood bonding. In this respect, a new finding is that with sharper cutters, higher contact angles of the adhesives occur. The methods (contact angle measurement, laser scanning microscopy, and brightfield microscopy) used were well suited to make effects visible and quantifiable, which can be of interest for the quality control of the wood processing industry. The results can help to better understand and evaluate the design of wood surfaces via machining and the bonding of hardwoods. Possibly the results can contribute to further standardizing the production of load-bearing hardwood finger joints and making them more efficient.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {10},\n\turldate = {2022-05-19},\n\tjournal = {Sensors},\n\tauthor = {Stolze, Hannes and Gurnik, Michael and Koddenberg, Tim and Kröger, Jonas and Köhler, Robert and Viöl, Wolfgang and Militz, Holger},\n\tmonth = jan,\n\tyear = {2022},\n\tnote = {Number: 10\nPublisher: Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute},\n\tkeywords = {roughness, hardwood, wettability, non-destructive evaluation, adhesive penetration, cutting surface, finger-jointing, wood characterization},\n\tpages = {3855},\n\tfile = {Full Text PDF:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\H4WWF56G\\\\Stolze et al. - 2022 - Non-Destructive Evaluation of the Cutting Surface .pdf:application/pdf;sensors-22-03855.pdf:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\J6S2BUM3\\\\sensors-22-03855.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n In this study, the surface parameters wettability, roughness, and adhesive penetration, which are important for wood bonding, were investigated and evaluated utilizing non-destructive methods after different mechanical processing. For this purpose, beech and birch finger joints were prepared with different cutting combinations (three cutters with different sharpness levels and two feed rates) in an industrial process. Effects and interactions on the surface parameters resulting from the different cutting combinations were evaluated using three Full Factorial Designs. The various cutting parameters had a predominantly significant influence on the surface parameters. The effects and identified interactions highlight the complexity of the cutting surface and the importance of wood bonding. In this respect, a new finding is that with sharper cutters, higher contact angles of the adhesives occur. The methods (contact angle measurement, laser scanning microscopy, and brightfield microscopy) used were well suited to make effects visible and quantifiable, which can be of interest for the quality control of the wood processing industry. The results can help to better understand and evaluate the design of wood surfaces via machining and the bonding of hardwoods. Possibly the results can contribute to further standardizing the production of load-bearing hardwood finger joints and making them more efficient.\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Wood durability in terrestrial and aquatic environments – A review of biotic and abiotic influence factors.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Marais, B. N.; Brischke, C.; and Militz, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Wood Material Science & Engineering, 17(2): 82–105. 2022.\n Publisher: Taylor & Francis _eprint: https://doi.org/10.1080/17480272.2020.1779810\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n \"WoodPaper\n  \n \n\n \n \n doi\n  \n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n  \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@article{marais_wood_2022,\n\ttitle = {Wood durability in terrestrial and aquatic environments – {A} review of biotic and abiotic influence factors},\n\tvolume = {17},\n\tissn = {1748-0272},\n\turl = {https://doi.org/10.1080/17480272.2020.1779810},\n\tdoi = {10.1080/17480272.2020.1779810},\n\tabstract = {Factors relevant to degradation are important in every wood application. For wood used in ground and water contact; well documented abiotic factors (or agents) include exposure to temperature and moisture linked to the physiological requirements of biotic degradation agents such as wood-decaying fungi and bacteria. Other biotic degradation agents such as subterranean insects and marine borers occur overshadowing the effect of fungal and bacterial decay, but are restricted in geographical distribution and to aquatic applications, respectively. This review focusses on decay specific to soil exposure. The inherent material characteristics are important to durability in that heartwood and sapwood show differences in resistance to degradation between species, provenance, and individual trees. Wood durability testing methods and classification, as well as a summary of prominent models and variables suitable for regional-level modelling of in-ground wood durability are presented.},\n\tnumber = {2},\n\turldate = {2022-03-17},\n\tjournal = {Wood Material Science \\& Engineering},\n\tauthor = {Marais, Brendan Nicholas and Brischke, Christian and Militz, Holger},\n\tyear = {2022},\n\tnote = {Publisher: Taylor \\& Francis\n\\_eprint: https://doi.org/10.1080/17480272.2020.1779810},\n\tkeywords = {fungi, bacteria, marine environment, soil contact, Decay, freshwater contact},\n\tpages = {82--105},\n\tfile = {Full Text PDF:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\IL39GT2D\\\\Marais et al. - 2022 - Wood durability in terrestrial and aquatic environ.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n Factors relevant to degradation are important in every wood application. For wood used in ground and water contact; well documented abiotic factors (or agents) include exposure to temperature and moisture linked to the physiological requirements of biotic degradation agents such as wood-decaying fungi and bacteria. Other biotic degradation agents such as subterranean insects and marine borers occur overshadowing the effect of fungal and bacterial decay, but are restricted in geographical distribution and to aquatic applications, respectively. This review focusses on decay specific to soil exposure. The inherent material characteristics are important to durability in that heartwood and sapwood show differences in resistance to degradation between species, provenance, and individual trees. Wood durability testing methods and classification, as well as a summary of prominent models and variables suitable for regional-level modelling of in-ground wood durability are presented.\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Incising and Double Impregnation of Beech Sleepers—Investigation of an Alternative Preservation System for Wooden Railway Sleepers.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Starck, M.; Heidel, A.; Brischke, C.; and Militz, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Frontiers in Forests and Global Change, 5: 814049. 2022.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n doi\n  \n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@article{starck_incising_2022,\n\ttitle = {Incising and {Double} {Impregnation} of {Beech} {Sleepers}—{Investigation} of an {Alternative} {Preservation} {System} for {Wooden} {Railway} {Sleepers}},\n\tvolume = {5},\n\tdoi = {10.3389/ffgc.2022.814049},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tjournal = {Frontiers in Forests and Global Change},\n\tauthor = {Starck, Michael and Heidel, Andreas and Brischke, Christian and Militz, Holger},\n\tyear = {2022},\n\tpages = {814049},\n\tfile = {Brischke - 2022 - Incising and Double Impregnation of Beech Sleepers.pdf:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\6EXSS7WB\\\\Brischke - 2022 - Incising and Double Impregnation of Beech Sleepers.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Improved adhesive-bond performance in copper azole and disodium octaborate tetrahydrate-treated Eucalyptus grandis laminates.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Alade, A. A.; Wessels, C. B.; Stolze, H.; and Militz, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n International Wood Products Journal, 0(0): 1–9. April 2022.\n Publisher: Taylor & Francis _eprint: https://doi.org/10.1080/20426445.2022.2058277\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n \"ImprovedPaper\n  \n \n\n \n \n doi\n  \n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n  \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@article{alade_improved_2022,\n\ttitle = {Improved adhesive-bond performance in copper azole and disodium octaborate tetrahydrate-treated {Eucalyptus} grandis laminates},\n\tvolume = {0},\n\tissn = {2042-6445},\n\turl = {https://doi.org/10.1080/20426445.2022.2058277},\n\tdoi = {10.1080/20426445.2022.2058277},\n\tabstract = {The prospect of manufacturing durable structural laminated wood with copper and boron-based preservative-impregnated Eucalyptus grandis wood was previously investigated but revealed adhesive-bond performance below standard requirements. In this study, bonding process factors, viz. mechanical pretreatment (surface planing) and bonding pressure in conjunction with wood preservative and adhesive compatibility for improved bond performance in preservative-treated E. grandis laminates were investigated. The results obtained showed significant and satisfactory improvement in shear strength and delamination resistance of E. grandis laminates based on EN 14080:2013 [Timber structures — Glued laminated timber and glued solid timber — Requirements, BSI Stand. Publ. (2014) 1–110] requirements. The suitability of polyurethane, melamine-urea-formaldehyde, and phenol-resorcinol-formaldehyde adhesives for bonding copper azole (CA) and disodium octaborate tetrahydrate (DOT)-impregnated E. grandis wood was established. Satisfactory pathways, including greener process routes for manufacturing CA and DOT-impregnated E. grandis laminates for structural applications in tropical and subtropical climes were achieved. The established processes could be readily adopted industrially to enhance the global implementation of solid wood composites and promote hardwood bonding.},\n\tnumber = {0},\n\turldate = {2022-04-11},\n\tjournal = {International Wood Products Journal},\n\tauthor = {Alade, Adefemi Adebisi and Wessels, Coenraad Brand and Stolze, Hannes and Militz, Holger},\n\tmonth = apr,\n\tyear = {2022},\n\tnote = {Publisher: Taylor \\& Francis\n\\_eprint: https://doi.org/10.1080/20426445.2022.2058277},\n\tkeywords = {adhesion, bond durability, bond quality, E. grandis, hardwood bonding, solid wood composites, water-borne preservatives, Wood preservation},\n\tpages = {1--9},\n}\n\n
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\n The prospect of manufacturing durable structural laminated wood with copper and boron-based preservative-impregnated Eucalyptus grandis wood was previously investigated but revealed adhesive-bond performance below standard requirements. In this study, bonding process factors, viz. mechanical pretreatment (surface planing) and bonding pressure in conjunction with wood preservative and adhesive compatibility for improved bond performance in preservative-treated E. grandis laminates were investigated. The results obtained showed significant and satisfactory improvement in shear strength and delamination resistance of E. grandis laminates based on EN 14080:2013 [Timber structures — Glued laminated timber and glued solid timber — Requirements, BSI Stand. Publ. (2014) 1–110] requirements. The suitability of polyurethane, melamine-urea-formaldehyde, and phenol-resorcinol-formaldehyde adhesives for bonding copper azole (CA) and disodium octaborate tetrahydrate (DOT)-impregnated E. grandis wood was established. Satisfactory pathways, including greener process routes for manufacturing CA and DOT-impregnated E. grandis laminates for structural applications in tropical and subtropical climes were achieved. The established processes could be readily adopted industrially to enhance the global implementation of solid wood composites and promote hardwood bonding.\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Evaluation of white rot decay in phenol-formaldehyde resin treated European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) LVL by drilling resistance measurements.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Sharapov, E.; Brischke, C.; Bicke, S.; Steeg, J.; and Militz, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n European Journal of Wood and Wood Products, 80(2): 439–449. April 2022.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n \"EvaluationPaper\n  \n \n\n \n \n doi\n  \n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
\n 
@article{sharapov_evaluation_2022,\n\ttitle = {Evaluation of white rot decay in phenol-formaldehyde resin treated {European} beech ({Fagus} sylvatica {L}.) {LVL} by drilling resistance measurements},\n\tvolume = {80},\n\tissn = {0018-3768, 1436-736X},\n\turl = {https://link.springer.com/10.1007/s00107-021-01769-0},\n\tdoi = {10.1007/s00107-021-01769-0},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {2},\n\turldate = {2022-03-29},\n\tjournal = {European Journal of Wood and Wood Products},\n\tauthor = {Sharapov, Evgenii and Brischke, Christian and Bicke, Sascha and Steeg, Joachim and Militz, Holger},\n\tmonth = apr,\n\tyear = {2022},\n\tpages = {439--449},\n\tfile = {Sharapov et al. - 2022 - Evaluation of white rot decay in phenol-formaldehy.pdf:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\AVGYRALK\\\\Sharapov et al. - 2022 - Evaluation of white rot decay in phenol-formaldehy.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Mapping the biotic degradation hazard of wood in Europe – biophysical background, engineering applications, and climate change-induced prospects.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n van Niekerk, P. B.; Marais, B. N.; Brischke, C.; Borges, L. M.; Kutnik, M.; Niklewski, J.; Ansard, D.; Humar, M.; Cragg, S. M.; and Militz, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Holzforschung, 76(2): 188–210. February 2022.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n \"MappingPaper\n  \n \n\n \n \n doi\n  \n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n  \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n  \n \n 1 download\n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@article{van_niekerk_mapping_2022,\n\ttitle = {Mapping the biotic degradation hazard of wood in {Europe} – biophysical background, engineering applications, and climate change-induced prospects},\n\tvolume = {76},\n\tissn = {0018-3830, 1437-434X},\n\turl = {https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/hf-2021-0169/html},\n\tdoi = {10.1515/hf-2021-0169},\n\tabstract = {Abstract\n            \n              Construction using timber has seen a resurgence in light of global climate mitigation policies. Wood is a renewable resource, and engineered wood products are proving to be competitive against concrete and steel while having several advantages. However, while the renewable nature of wood in construction is a beneficial property for climate mitigation policies, the process of biodegradation introduces a challenge for service life planning. A review of hazard mapping is presented while developing contemporary hazard maps, occurrence maps and projected hazard maps for 2050 using representative concentration pathways (\n              RCP\n              ) 2.6 and 8.5. The risk of timber decay is expected to increase in most of Europe as the temperatures rise, with a decrease expected in dryer regions. Termites are likely to experience a range expansion as more areas become suitable, while human activity and an increase in extreme weather events like floods are expected to facilitate dispersion. Marine borer species already present a risk in most European coastal regions; however, the effect of changes in water temperatures are likely to shift the boundaries for individual borer species. Overall, warmer climates are expected to increase the metabolic activity of all of these organisms leading to a general reduction in service life.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {2},\n\turldate = {2022-02-09},\n\tjournal = {Holzforschung},\n\tauthor = {van Niekerk, Philip B. and Marais, Brendan N. and Brischke, Christian and Borges, Luisa M.S. and Kutnik, Magdalena and Niklewski, Jonas and Ansard, David and Humar, Miha and Cragg, Simon M. and Militz, Holger},\n\tmonth = feb,\n\tyear = {2022},\n\tkeywords = {fungi, termites, marine borers, service life prediction, decay risk, exposure model},\n\tpages = {188--210},\n\tfile = {van Niekerk et al. - 2021 - Mapping the biotic degradation hazard of wood in E.pdf:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\SLNQ2G7F\\\\van Niekerk et al. - 2021 - Mapping the biotic degradation hazard of wood in E.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n Abstract Construction using timber has seen a resurgence in light of global climate mitigation policies. Wood is a renewable resource, and engineered wood products are proving to be competitive against concrete and steel while having several advantages. However, while the renewable nature of wood in construction is a beneficial property for climate mitigation policies, the process of biodegradation introduces a challenge for service life planning. A review of hazard mapping is presented while developing contemporary hazard maps, occurrence maps and projected hazard maps for 2050 using representative concentration pathways ( RCP ) 2.6 and 8.5. The risk of timber decay is expected to increase in most of Europe as the temperatures rise, with a decrease expected in dryer regions. Termites are likely to experience a range expansion as more areas become suitable, while human activity and an increase in extreme weather events like floods are expected to facilitate dispersion. Marine borer species already present a risk in most European coastal regions; however, the effect of changes in water temperatures are likely to shift the boundaries for individual borer species. Overall, warmer climates are expected to increase the metabolic activity of all of these organisms leading to a general reduction in service life.\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Investigations of the Chemical Distribution in Sorbitol and Citric Acid (SorCA) Treated Wood—Development of a Quality Control Method on the Basis of Electromagnetic Radiation.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Kurkowiak, K.; Mayer, A. K.; Emmerich, L.; and Militz, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Forests, 13(2): 151. February 2022.\n Number: 2 Publisher: Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n \"InvestigationsPaper\n  \n \n\n \n \n doi\n  \n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n  \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n  \n \n 3 downloads\n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@article{kurkowiak_investigations_2022,\n\ttitle = {Investigations of the {Chemical} {Distribution} in {Sorbitol} and {Citric} {Acid} ({SorCA}) {Treated} {Wood}\\&mdash;{Development} of a {Quality} {Control} {Method} on the {Basis} of {Electromagnetic} {Radiation}},\n\tvolume = {13},\n\tcopyright = {http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/},\n\turl = {https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4907/13/2/151},\n\tdoi = {10.3390/f13020151},\n\tabstract = {Recent studies showed treatments with sorbitol and citric acid (SorCA) to significantly improve the dimensional stability and biological durability of wood. The industrialization of this process requires a quality control (QC) method to determine if the fixated chemicals are homogenously distributed within the piece of wood, which is essential for uniform material performance. Therefore, the objective of this work was to evaluate the use of common electromagnetic radiation-based methods to determine the degree of modification in SorCA-treated wood. Both Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy have been used to create rough calibrations for the weight percent gain (WPG) prediction models. The FTIR measurements resulted in a high linear correlation between the band area ratio (BAR) and the WPG (R2 = 0.93). Additionally, a partial least square (PLS) regression of NIR spectroscopic data resulted in a model with a high prediction power (R2 = 0.83). Furthermore, X-ray density profiling emerged as a simple alternative for the QC by showing a gradient of modification chemicals inside the sample and differences in chemical uptake between earlywood and latewood. Overall, it can be concluded that the results from FTIR, NIR and X-ray densitometry can serve as indicators of impregnation chemical distribution in SorCA-modified wood.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {2},\n\turldate = {2022-01-20},\n\tjournal = {Forests},\n\tauthor = {Kurkowiak, Katarzyna and Mayer, Aaron K. and Emmerich, Lukas and Militz, Holger},\n\tmonth = feb,\n\tyear = {2022},\n\tnote = {Number: 2\nPublisher: Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute},\n\tkeywords = {wood modification, citric acid, sorbitol, fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy, quality control (QC), X-ray density profiling},\n\tpages = {151},\n\tfile = {Full Text PDF:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\DMNTP78G\\\\Kurkowiak et al. - 2022 - Investigations of the Chemical Distribution in Sor.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n Recent studies showed treatments with sorbitol and citric acid (SorCA) to significantly improve the dimensional stability and biological durability of wood. The industrialization of this process requires a quality control (QC) method to determine if the fixated chemicals are homogenously distributed within the piece of wood, which is essential for uniform material performance. Therefore, the objective of this work was to evaluate the use of common electromagnetic radiation-based methods to determine the degree of modification in SorCA-treated wood. Both Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy have been used to create rough calibrations for the weight percent gain (WPG) prediction models. The FTIR measurements resulted in a high linear correlation between the band area ratio (BAR) and the WPG (R2 = 0.93). Additionally, a partial least square (PLS) regression of NIR spectroscopic data resulted in a model with a high prediction power (R2 = 0.83). Furthermore, X-ray density profiling emerged as a simple alternative for the QC by showing a gradient of modification chemicals inside the sample and differences in chemical uptake between earlywood and latewood. Overall, it can be concluded that the results from FTIR, NIR and X-ray densitometry can serve as indicators of impregnation chemical distribution in SorCA-modified wood.\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Investigations of the Chemical Distribution in Sorbitol and Citric Acid (SorCA) Treated Wood—Development of a Quality Control Method on the Basis of Electromagnetic Radiation.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Kurkowiak, K.; Mayer, A. K; Emmerich, L.; and Militz, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n ,15. 2022.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n  \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@article{kurkowiak_investigations_2022-1,\n\ttitle = {Investigations of the {Chemical} {Distribution} in {Sorbitol} and {Citric} {Acid} ({SorCA}) {Treated} {Wood}—{Development} of a {Quality} {Control} {Method} on the {Basis} of {Electromagnetic} {Radiation}},\n\tabstract = {Recent studies showed treatments with sorbitol and citric acid (SorCA) to significantly improve the dimensional stability and biological durability of wood. The industrialization of this process requires a quality control (QC) method to determine if the fixated chemicals are homogenously distributed within the piece of wood, which is essential for uniform material performance. Therefore, the objective of this work was to evaluate the use of common electromagnetic radiation-based methods to determine the degree of modification in SorCA-treated wood. Both Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy have been used to create rough calibrations for the weight percent gain (WPG) prediction models. The FTIR measurements resulted in a high linear correlation between the band area ratio (BAR) and the WPG (R2 = 0.93). Additionally, a partial least square (PLS) regression of NIR spectroscopic data resulted in a model with a high prediction power (R2 = 0.83). Furthermore, X-ray density profiling emerged as a simple alternative for the QC by showing a gradient of modification chemicals inside the sample and differences in chemical uptake between earlywood and latewood. Overall, it can be concluded that the results from FTIR, NIR and X-ray densitometry can serve as indicators of impregnation chemical distribution in SorCA-modified wood.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tauthor = {Kurkowiak, Katarzyna and Mayer, Aaron K and Emmerich, Lukas and Militz, Holger},\n\tyear = {2022},\n\tpages = {15},\n\tfile = {Kurkowiak et al. - 2022 - Investigations of the Chemical Distribution in Sor.pdf:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\UUZLRJCJ\\\\Kurkowiak et al. - 2022 - Investigations of the Chemical Distribution in Sor.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n Recent studies showed treatments with sorbitol and citric acid (SorCA) to significantly improve the dimensional stability and biological durability of wood. The industrialization of this process requires a quality control (QC) method to determine if the fixated chemicals are homogenously distributed within the piece of wood, which is essential for uniform material performance. Therefore, the objective of this work was to evaluate the use of common electromagnetic radiation-based methods to determine the degree of modification in SorCA-treated wood. Both Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy have been used to create rough calibrations for the weight percent gain (WPG) prediction models. The FTIR measurements resulted in a high linear correlation between the band area ratio (BAR) and the WPG (R2 = 0.93). Additionally, a partial least square (PLS) regression of NIR spectroscopic data resulted in a model with a high prediction power (R2 = 0.83). Furthermore, X-ray density profiling emerged as a simple alternative for the QC by showing a gradient of modification chemicals inside the sample and differences in chemical uptake between earlywood and latewood. Overall, it can be concluded that the results from FTIR, NIR and X-ray densitometry can serve as indicators of impregnation chemical distribution in SorCA-modified wood.\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Durability and protection of mass timber structures: A review.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Ayanleye, S.; Udele, K.; Nasir, V.; Zhang, X.; and Militz, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Journal of Building Engineering, 46: 103731. April 2022.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n \"DurabilityPaper\n  \n \n\n \n \n doi\n  \n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n  \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@article{ayanleye_durability_2022,\n\ttitle = {Durability and protection of mass timber structures: {A} review},\n\tvolume = {46},\n\tissn = {23527102},\n\tshorttitle = {Durability and protection of mass timber structures},\n\turl = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S2352710221015898},\n\tdoi = {10.1016/j.jobe.2021.103731},\n\tabstract = {Mass timber (MT), a group of large engineered structural wooden panels such as cross-laminated timber (CLT), glue-laminated timber (Glulam), laminated veneer lumber (LVL), etc., is becoming increasingly popular due to sustainable construction. Despite the numerous benefits of MT-based buildings, such as low-carbon emission, short construction time, and cost-effectiveness, the concerns regarding the durability of MT may limit their market acceptance. In this review, we discuss the advantages and opportunities of applying MT in tall buildings, as well as the durability issues associated with MT application. We examine the traditional wood protection techniques including, preservative treatment, thermal and chemical modification, and discuss the potential of applying these techniques for MT protection. We survey the recent studies on MT durability evaluation, as well as the recent progress in MT structure protection through a moisture control strategy. Finally, we highlight the MT protection strategies through the preservative, thermal, and chemical treatment approaches, review the effects of these treatment methods on the properties of MT such as wettability, glue penetration, bonding strength, etc., and discuss the future of the field.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\turldate = {2021-12-13},\n\tjournal = {Journal of Building Engineering},\n\tauthor = {Ayanleye, Samuel and Udele, Kenneth and Nasir, Vahid and Zhang, Xuefeng and Militz, Holger},\n\tmonth = apr,\n\tyear = {2022},\n\tpages = {103731},\n\tfile = {Ayanleye et al. - 2022 - Durability and protection of mass timber structure.pdf:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\VWPKKUAA\\\\Ayanleye et al. - 2022 - Durability and protection of mass timber structure.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n Mass timber (MT), a group of large engineered structural wooden panels such as cross-laminated timber (CLT), glue-laminated timber (Glulam), laminated veneer lumber (LVL), etc., is becoming increasingly popular due to sustainable construction. Despite the numerous benefits of MT-based buildings, such as low-carbon emission, short construction time, and cost-effectiveness, the concerns regarding the durability of MT may limit their market acceptance. In this review, we discuss the advantages and opportunities of applying MT in tall buildings, as well as the durability issues associated with MT application. We examine the traditional wood protection techniques including, preservative treatment, thermal and chemical modification, and discuss the potential of applying these techniques for MT protection. We survey the recent studies on MT durability evaluation, as well as the recent progress in MT structure protection through a moisture control strategy. Finally, we highlight the MT protection strategies through the preservative, thermal, and chemical treatment approaches, review the effects of these treatment methods on the properties of MT such as wettability, glue penetration, bonding strength, etc., and discuss the future of the field.\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Wood chemical modification based on bio-based polycarboxylic acid and polyols – status quo and future perspectives.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Kurkowiak, K.; Emmerich, L.; and Militz, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Wood Material Science & Engineering, 17(6): 1040–1054. November 2022.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n \"WoodPaper\n  \n \n\n \n \n doi\n  \n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n  \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n  \n \n 3 downloads\n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@article{kurkowiak_wood_2022-1,\n\ttitle = {Wood chemical modification based on bio-based polycarboxylic acid and polyols – status quo and future perspectives},\n\tvolume = {17},\n\tissn = {1748-0272, 1748-0280},\n\turl = {https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/17480272.2021.1925961},\n\tdoi = {10.1080/17480272.2021.1925961},\n\tabstract = {Novel approaches for a non-toxic protection of timber have been investigated and referred to as “wood modification”. Especially, chemical impregnation modifications show promising opportunities to improve a wide range of wood properties. Yet, most of the available treatments resort to technically synthesized oil-based chemicals. Therefore, new ways of wood modification based on citric acid (CA) and bio-based low-molecular-weight polyols (CA-PO) – both originating from renewable resources – are under test and appear to be a promising alternative to available processes. The mode of action is expected to be a combination of both a cell wall bulking, and a cross-linking between CA-PO polyesters and wood cell wall polymers. However, the treatment process requires optimization with regard to the impregnation system and parameters for an industrial scale implementation. This paper provides a general background about CA-based solid wood treatment and its effects on the characteristics of wood. Moreover, it discusses current developments in this area and points out existing research gaps, with one focus being the process of development on an industrial scale.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {6},\n\turldate = {2022-12-13},\n\tjournal = {Wood Material Science \\& Engineering},\n\tauthor = {Kurkowiak, Katarzyna and Emmerich, Lukas and Militz, Holger},\n\tmonth = nov,\n\tyear = {2022},\n\tpages = {1040--1054},\n\tfile = {Kurkowiak et al. - 2022 - Wood chemical modification based on bio-based poly.pdf:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\56ZEM64Q\\\\Kurkowiak et al. - 2022 - Wood chemical modification based on bio-based poly.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n Novel approaches for a non-toxic protection of timber have been investigated and referred to as “wood modification”. Especially, chemical impregnation modifications show promising opportunities to improve a wide range of wood properties. Yet, most of the available treatments resort to technically synthesized oil-based chemicals. Therefore, new ways of wood modification based on citric acid (CA) and bio-based low-molecular-weight polyols (CA-PO) – both originating from renewable resources – are under test and appear to be a promising alternative to available processes. The mode of action is expected to be a combination of both a cell wall bulking, and a cross-linking between CA-PO polyesters and wood cell wall polymers. However, the treatment process requires optimization with regard to the impregnation system and parameters for an industrial scale implementation. This paper provides a general background about CA-based solid wood treatment and its effects on the characteristics of wood. Moreover, it discusses current developments in this area and points out existing research gaps, with one focus being the process of development on an industrial scale.\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Biological Durability of Wood–Polymer Composites—The Role of Moisture and Aging.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Buschalsky, A.; Brischke, C.; Klein, K. C.; Kilian, T.; and Militz, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Materials, 15(23): 8556. January 2022.\n Number: 23 Publisher: Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n \"BiologicalPaper\n  \n \n\n \n \n doi\n  \n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n  \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
\n 
@article{buschalsky_biological_2022,\n\ttitle = {Biological {Durability} of {Wood}–{Polymer} {Composites}—{The} {Role} of {Moisture} and {Aging}},\n\tvolume = {15},\n\tcopyright = {http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/},\n\tissn = {1996-1944},\n\turl = {https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/15/23/8556},\n\tdoi = {10.3390/ma15238556},\n\tabstract = {Knowledge about the resistance of wood–polymer composites (WPCs) to biological attack is of high importance for purpose-oriented use in outdoor applications. To gain this knowledge, uniform test methods are essential. EN 15534-1 (2018) provides a general framework, including the recommendation of applying a pre-weathering procedure before the biological laboratory tests. However, the procedure’s manner is not specified, and its necessity assumes that a durability test without such pre-weathering will not produce the structural changes that occur during outdoor use. To verify this assumption, this study examined the influence of natural, ground-level pre-weathering on the material properties of different WPC variants, which were tested at intervals of six months in four durability tests under laboratory conditions in accordance with EN 15534-1 (2018). Weathering factors were calculated from determined characteristic values such as mass loss, and loss in moduli of elasticity (MOE) and rupture (MOR). The weathering factors based on mechanical properties tended to decrease with increasing weathering duration. The expected negative influence of pre-weathering on these material properties was thus not confirmed. The weathering factors based on mass loss were subject to high variation. No significant effect of pre-weathering on mass loss due to fungal attack became evident. Overall, the necessity of a pre-weathering step in biological durability tests shall be questioned based on the presented results.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {23},\n\turldate = {2022-12-01},\n\tjournal = {Materials},\n\tauthor = {Buschalsky, Andreas and Brischke, Christian and Klein, Kim Christian and Kilian, Thomas and Militz, Holger},\n\tmonth = jan,\n\tyear = {2022},\n\tnote = {Number: 23\nPublisher: Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute},\n\tkeywords = {durability test, WPC, basidiomycetes, EN 15534-1, wood–moisture interaction, soft rot, biological durability, wood–polymer composites},\n\tpages = {8556},\n\tfile = {Full Text PDF:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\7EYDSMN5\\\\Buschalsky et al. - 2022 - Biological Durability of Wood–Polymer Composites—T.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n Knowledge about the resistance of wood–polymer composites (WPCs) to biological attack is of high importance for purpose-oriented use in outdoor applications. To gain this knowledge, uniform test methods are essential. EN 15534-1 (2018) provides a general framework, including the recommendation of applying a pre-weathering procedure before the biological laboratory tests. However, the procedure’s manner is not specified, and its necessity assumes that a durability test without such pre-weathering will not produce the structural changes that occur during outdoor use. To verify this assumption, this study examined the influence of natural, ground-level pre-weathering on the material properties of different WPC variants, which were tested at intervals of six months in four durability tests under laboratory conditions in accordance with EN 15534-1 (2018). Weathering factors were calculated from determined characteristic values such as mass loss, and loss in moduli of elasticity (MOE) and rupture (MOR). The weathering factors based on mechanical properties tended to decrease with increasing weathering duration. The expected negative influence of pre-weathering on these material properties was thus not confirmed. The weathering factors based on mass loss were subject to high variation. No significant effect of pre-weathering on mass loss due to fungal attack became evident. Overall, the necessity of a pre-weathering step in biological durability tests shall be questioned based on the presented results.\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Biological Durability of Wood–Polymer Composites—The Role of Moisture and Aging.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Buschalsky, A.; Brischke, C.; Klein, K. C.; Kilian, T.; and Militz, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n ,12. 2022.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n  \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
\n 
@article{buschalsky_biological_2022-1,\n\ttitle = {Biological {Durability} of {Wood}–{Polymer} {Composites}—{The} {Role} of {Moisture} and {Aging}},\n\tabstract = {Knowledge about the resistance of wood–polymer composites (WPCs) to biological attack is of high importance for purpose-oriented use in outdoor applications. To gain this knowledge, uniform test methods are essential. EN 15534-1 (2018) provides a general framework, including the recommendation of applying a pre-weathering procedure before the biological laboratory tests. However, the procedure’s manner is not specified, and its necessity assumes that a durability test without such pre-weathering will not produce the structural changes that occur during outdoor use. To verify this assumption, this study examined the influence of natural, ground-level pre-weathering on the material properties of different WPC variants, which were tested at intervals of six months in four durability tests under laboratory conditions in accordance with EN 15534-1 (2018). Weathering factors were calculated from determined characteristic values such as mass loss, and loss in moduli of elasticity (MOE) and rupture (MOR). The weathering factors based on mechanical properties tended to decrease with increasing weathering duration. The expected negative influence of pre-weathering on these material properties was thus not confirmed. The weathering factors based on mass loss were subject to high variation. No significant effect of pre-weathering on mass loss due to fungal attack became evident. Overall, the necessity of a pre-weathering step in biological durability tests shall be questioned based on the presented results.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tauthor = {Buschalsky, Andreas and Brischke, Christian and Klein, Kim Christian and Kilian, Thomas and Militz, Holger},\n\tyear = {2022},\n\tpages = {12},\n\tfile = {Buschalsky et al. - 2022 - Biological Durability of Wood–Polymer Composites—T.pdf:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\QAEGVNW2\\\\Buschalsky et al. - 2022 - Biological Durability of Wood–Polymer Composites—T.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
\n
\n\n\n
\n Knowledge about the resistance of wood–polymer composites (WPCs) to biological attack is of high importance for purpose-oriented use in outdoor applications. To gain this knowledge, uniform test methods are essential. EN 15534-1 (2018) provides a general framework, including the recommendation of applying a pre-weathering procedure before the biological laboratory tests. However, the procedure’s manner is not specified, and its necessity assumes that a durability test without such pre-weathering will not produce the structural changes that occur during outdoor use. To verify this assumption, this study examined the influence of natural, ground-level pre-weathering on the material properties of different WPC variants, which were tested at intervals of six months in four durability tests under laboratory conditions in accordance with EN 15534-1 (2018). Weathering factors were calculated from determined characteristic values such as mass loss, and loss in moduli of elasticity (MOE) and rupture (MOR). The weathering factors based on mechanical properties tended to decrease with increasing weathering duration. The expected negative influence of pre-weathering on these material properties was thus not confirmed. The weathering factors based on mass loss were subject to high variation. No significant effect of pre-weathering on mass loss due to fungal attack became evident. Overall, the necessity of a pre-weathering step in biological durability tests shall be questioned based on the presented results.\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Impregnation Properties of Nigerian-Grown Gmelina arborea Roxb. Wood.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Olaniran, S. O.; Löning, S.; Buschalsky, A.; and Militz, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Forests, 13(12): 2036. December 2022.\n Number: 12 Publisher: Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n \"ImpregnationPaper\n  \n \n\n \n \n doi\n  \n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n  \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
\n 
@article{olaniran_impregnation_2022,\n\ttitle = {Impregnation {Properties} of {Nigerian}-{Grown} {Gmelina} arborea {Roxb}. {Wood}},\n\tvolume = {13},\n\tcopyright = {http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/},\n\tissn = {1999-4907},\n\turl = {https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4907/13/12/2036},\n\tdoi = {10.3390/f13122036},\n\tabstract = {The success of any wood treatment process and the measure of protection conferred on treated wood are determined by the uptake and penetration of the treatment chemicals, in addition to the efficacy of the chemicals used for the treatment. Hence, the level of treatability of wood species should be pre-determined prior to the wood treatment to ensure the overall protection of the treated wood. Gmelina arborea wood, due to its low durability, requires impregnation with chemicals for preservation or chemical modification to enhance its durability. However, more details are required to establish the influence of its anatomy on impregnation to recommend appropriate treatment methods. Therefore, gmelina wood samples were treated under pressure to determine the solution uptake and penetration, while anatomical studies were carried out with light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) measurements. Variations in stem heights, stem diameters, and samples from other tree stands were considered. The outcome of the study showed that the liquid uptake was generally low for gmelina wood among the selected stands (16–23\\%) and there was no significant difference in stem diameters; meanwhile, penetration was less than 4 mm in the axial direction, and very low in the lateral (radial and tangential) direction. Vessels of gmelina wood have abundant tyloses, while crystalline structures with needlelike shapes are present in a large proportion of the ray parenchyma cells, and are confirmed with SEM-EDX to be made up of calcium oxalate. The low liquid uptake and penetration in gmelina wood suggest that the impregnation of chemicals into its microstructure is next to impossible. Hence, alternative treatment methods other than those involving impregnation with chemicals should be sought to enhance its durability.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {12},\n\turldate = {2022-11-30},\n\tjournal = {Forests},\n\tauthor = {Olaniran, Samuel Oluyinka and Löning, Sophie and Buschalsky, Andreas and Militz, Holger},\n\tmonth = dec,\n\tyear = {2022},\n\tnote = {Number: 12\nPublisher: Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute},\n\tkeywords = {light microscopy, anatomy, Gmelina wood, impregnation, Nigerian-grown, SEM-EDX, uptake},\n\tpages = {2036},\n\tfile = {Full Text PDF:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\7NPM3GVN\\\\Olaniran et al. - 2022 - Impregnation Properties of Nigerian-Grown Gmelina .pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
\n
\n\n\n
\n The success of any wood treatment process and the measure of protection conferred on treated wood are determined by the uptake and penetration of the treatment chemicals, in addition to the efficacy of the chemicals used for the treatment. Hence, the level of treatability of wood species should be pre-determined prior to the wood treatment to ensure the overall protection of the treated wood. Gmelina arborea wood, due to its low durability, requires impregnation with chemicals for preservation or chemical modification to enhance its durability. However, more details are required to establish the influence of its anatomy on impregnation to recommend appropriate treatment methods. Therefore, gmelina wood samples were treated under pressure to determine the solution uptake and penetration, while anatomical studies were carried out with light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) measurements. Variations in stem heights, stem diameters, and samples from other tree stands were considered. The outcome of the study showed that the liquid uptake was generally low for gmelina wood among the selected stands (16–23%) and there was no significant difference in stem diameters; meanwhile, penetration was less than 4 mm in the axial direction, and very low in the lateral (radial and tangential) direction. Vessels of gmelina wood have abundant tyloses, while crystalline structures with needlelike shapes are present in a large proportion of the ray parenchyma cells, and are confirmed with SEM-EDX to be made up of calcium oxalate. The low liquid uptake and penetration in gmelina wood suggest that the impregnation of chemicals into its microstructure is next to impossible. Hence, alternative treatment methods other than those involving impregnation with chemicals should be sought to enhance its durability.\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Thermal and chemical modification of wood – a combined approach for exclusive, high-demanding performance products.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Goli, G.; Negro, F.; Emmerich, L.; and Militz, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Wood Material Science & Engineering, 0(0): 1–9. November 2022.\n Publisher: Taylor & Francis _eprint: https://doi.org/10.1080/17480272.2022.2143281\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n \"ThermalPaper\n  \n \n\n \n \n doi\n  \n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n  \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
\n 
@article{goli_thermal_2022-1,\n\ttitle = {Thermal and chemical modification of wood – a combined approach for exclusive, high-demanding performance products},\n\tvolume = {0},\n\tissn = {1748-0272},\n\turl = {https://doi.org/10.1080/17480272.2022.2143281},\n\tdoi = {10.1080/17480272.2022.2143281},\n\tabstract = {Chemical and thermo-chemical modification processes were applied to European beech wood to make it applicable for interior applications which place high demands on aesthetics, hygrothermal and water resistance performance. In particular, the use of modified wood in kitchen tools was foreseen. Impregnation modification with a 20\\% DMDHEU solution, thermal modification and a combined approach of thermo-chemical modification were compared. All modification processes caused a darkening that for the high modification intensities became close to the aesthetics of some of the most renowned tropical hardwood species. The higher the modification intensity, the higher the improvement. In particular, chemical and thermo-chemical modification processes significantly decreased the liquid water uptake. As regards the mechanical performances while stiffness and strength did not change abruptly and hardness increased, the resistance towards dynamic impacts significantly decreased with every kind of modification process. Thermo-chemical modifications resulted to be an interesting way to improve most of the physical properties of wood with outstanding behaviour in terms of colour appearance and reduction of water uptake in wet environments. An increased brittleness is the weakest point for foreseen fields of application.},\n\tnumber = {0},\n\turldate = {2022-11-28},\n\tjournal = {Wood Material Science \\& Engineering},\n\tauthor = {Goli, Giacomo and Negro, Federico and Emmerich, Lukas and Militz, Holger},\n\tmonth = nov,\n\tyear = {2022},\n\tnote = {Publisher: Taylor \\& Francis\n\\_eprint: https://doi.org/10.1080/17480272.2022.2143281},\n\tkeywords = {DMDHEU, Beech wood, high-demanding applications, thermo-chemical modification},\n\tpages = {1--9},\n\tfile = {Full Text PDF:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\XKYG56S4\\\\Goli et al. - 2022 - Thermal and chemical modification of wood – a comb.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
\n
\n\n\n
\n Chemical and thermo-chemical modification processes were applied to European beech wood to make it applicable for interior applications which place high demands on aesthetics, hygrothermal and water resistance performance. In particular, the use of modified wood in kitchen tools was foreseen. Impregnation modification with a 20% DMDHEU solution, thermal modification and a combined approach of thermo-chemical modification were compared. All modification processes caused a darkening that for the high modification intensities became close to the aesthetics of some of the most renowned tropical hardwood species. The higher the modification intensity, the higher the improvement. In particular, chemical and thermo-chemical modification processes significantly decreased the liquid water uptake. As regards the mechanical performances while stiffness and strength did not change abruptly and hardness increased, the resistance towards dynamic impacts significantly decreased with every kind of modification process. Thermo-chemical modifications resulted to be an interesting way to improve most of the physical properties of wood with outstanding behaviour in terms of colour appearance and reduction of water uptake in wet environments. An increased brittleness is the weakest point for foreseen fields of application.\n
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\n\n\n
\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Thermal and chemical modification of wood – a combined approach for exclusive, high-demanding performance products.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Goli, G.; Negro, F.; Emmerich, L.; and Militz, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Wood Material Science & Engineering,1–9. November 2022.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n \"ThermalPaper\n  \n \n\n \n \n doi\n  \n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n  \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
\n 
@article{goli_thermal_2022-2,\n\ttitle = {Thermal and chemical modification of wood – a combined approach for exclusive, high-demanding performance products},\n\tissn = {1748-0272, 1748-0280},\n\turl = {https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/17480272.2022.2143281},\n\tdoi = {10.1080/17480272.2022.2143281},\n\tabstract = {Chemical and thermo-chemical modification processes were applied to European beech wood to make it applicable for interior applications which place high demands on aesthetics, hygrothermal and water resistance performance. In particular, the use of modified wood in kitchen tools was foreseen. Impregnation modification with a 20\\% DMDHEU solution, thermal modification and a combined approach of thermo-chemical modification were compared. All modification processes caused a darkening that for the high modification intensities became close to the aesthetics of some of the most renowned tropical hardwood species. The higher the modification intensity, the higher the improvement. In particular, chemical and thermo-chemical modification processes significantly decreased the liquid water uptake. As regards the mechanical performances while stiffness and strength did not change abruptly and hardness increased, the resistance towards dynamic impacts significantly decreased with every kind of modification process. Thermo-chemical modifications resulted to be an interesting way to improve most of the physical properties of wood with outstanding behaviour in terms of colour appearance and reduction of water uptake in wet environments. An increased brittleness is the weakest point for foreseen fields of application.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\turldate = {2022-11-28},\n\tjournal = {Wood Material Science \\& Engineering},\n\tauthor = {Goli, Giacomo and Negro, Federico and Emmerich, Lukas and Militz, Holger},\n\tmonth = nov,\n\tyear = {2022},\n\tpages = {1--9},\n\tfile = {Goli et al. - 2022 - Thermal and chemical modification of wood – a comb.pdf:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\NWDQF9XV\\\\Goli et al. - 2022 - Thermal and chemical modification of wood – a comb.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
\n
\n\n\n
\n Chemical and thermo-chemical modification processes were applied to European beech wood to make it applicable for interior applications which place high demands on aesthetics, hygrothermal and water resistance performance. In particular, the use of modified wood in kitchen tools was foreseen. Impregnation modification with a 20% DMDHEU solution, thermal modification and a combined approach of thermo-chemical modification were compared. All modification processes caused a darkening that for the high modification intensities became close to the aesthetics of some of the most renowned tropical hardwood species. The higher the modification intensity, the higher the improvement. In particular, chemical and thermo-chemical modification processes significantly decreased the liquid water uptake. As regards the mechanical performances while stiffness and strength did not change abruptly and hardness increased, the resistance towards dynamic impacts significantly decreased with every kind of modification process. Thermo-chemical modifications resulted to be an interesting way to improve most of the physical properties of wood with outstanding behaviour in terms of colour appearance and reduction of water uptake in wet environments. An increased brittleness is the weakest point for foreseen fields of application.\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Influence of Phenol–Formaldehyde Resin Oligomer Molecular Weight on the Strength Properties of Beech Wood.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Lang, Q.; Biziks, V.; and Militz, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Forests, 13(12): 1980. December 2022.\n Number: 12 Publisher: Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n \"InfluencePaper\n  \n \n\n \n \n doi\n  \n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n  \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
\n 
@article{lang_influence_2022,\n\ttitle = {Influence of {Phenol}–{Formaldehyde} {Resin} {Oligomer} {Molecular} {Weight} on the {Strength} {Properties} of {Beech} {Wood}},\n\tvolume = {13},\n\tcopyright = {http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/},\n\tissn = {1999-4907},\n\turl = {https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4907/13/12/1980},\n\tdoi = {10.3390/f13121980},\n\tabstract = {The objective of this study was to determine the effects of four phenol–formaldehyde (PF) resin treatments with different molecular weights at four different concentrations (5, 10, 15, and 20\\%) in treated beech wood. The mechanical properties of untreated and treated beech wood were evaluated. After impregnation with PF resin, all modified beech wood at all PF resin concentrations exhibited an increase in weight percent gain compared with that in untreated beech samples. PF resins with lower molecular weights more easily penetrate the wood cell wall, leading to increased bulking of the wood structure, which in turn improves the dimensional stability of the wood. The PF resin treatment with a molecular weight of 305 g/mol showed better impregnation ability than that of the other PF resins. The impact bending strength of PF-treated wood was considerably reduced because PF-cured resins formed inside the wood and are rigid and brittle. Additionally, PF resin treatments at all concentrations decreased the modulus of elasticity of the wood. Scanning electron microscopy and light microscopy revealed that the PF resins were comparatively well fixed in the wood samples. The results indicate that the large molecular weight PF resins are more uniformly distributed in the fiber lumens.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {12},\n\turldate = {2022-11-25},\n\tjournal = {Forests},\n\tauthor = {Lang, Qian and Biziks, Vladimirs and Militz, Holger},\n\tmonth = dec,\n\tyear = {2022},\n\tnote = {Number: 12\nPublisher: Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute},\n\tkeywords = {wood modification, mechanical properties, average molecular weight, phenol–formaldehyde resin},\n\tpages = {1980},\n\tfile = {Full Text PDF:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\K5EIKUI3\\\\Lang et al. - 2022 - Influence of Phenol–Formaldehyde Resin Oligomer Mo.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n The objective of this study was to determine the effects of four phenol–formaldehyde (PF) resin treatments with different molecular weights at four different concentrations (5, 10, 15, and 20%) in treated beech wood. The mechanical properties of untreated and treated beech wood were evaluated. After impregnation with PF resin, all modified beech wood at all PF resin concentrations exhibited an increase in weight percent gain compared with that in untreated beech samples. PF resins with lower molecular weights more easily penetrate the wood cell wall, leading to increased bulking of the wood structure, which in turn improves the dimensional stability of the wood. The PF resin treatment with a molecular weight of 305 g/mol showed better impregnation ability than that of the other PF resins. The impact bending strength of PF-treated wood was considerably reduced because PF-cured resins formed inside the wood and are rigid and brittle. Additionally, PF resin treatments at all concentrations decreased the modulus of elasticity of the wood. Scanning electron microscopy and light microscopy revealed that the PF resins were comparatively well fixed in the wood samples. The results indicate that the large molecular weight PF resins are more uniformly distributed in the fiber lumens.\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Self-locking of finger joints - Influence of density and moisture content.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Stolze, H.; Trautwein, J.; Mayer, A. K.; Theis, V.; Bollmus, S.; and Militz, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In Hardwood Conference Proceedings, pages 317–323, Sopron, Hungary, 2022. University of Sopron Press\n \n\n\n\n
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@inproceedings{stolze_self-locking_2022,\n\taddress = {Sopron, Hungary},\n\ttitle = {Self-locking of finger joints - {Influence} of density and moisture content},\n\tisbn = {978-963-334-446-0},\n\tlanguage = {EN},\n\tbooktitle = {Hardwood {Conference} {Proceedings}},\n\tpublisher = {University of Sopron Press},\n\tauthor = {Stolze, Hannes and Trautwein, Jan-Frederik and Mayer, Aaron Kilan and Theis, Viorica and Bollmus, Susanne and Militz, Holger},\n\tyear = {2022},\n\tpages = {317--323},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Investigation of Poplar-Plywood impregnated with a mixture of sorbitol and citric acid (SorCA).\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Slabohm, M.; Kurkowiak, K.; Rabke, J.; Debuisson, R.; and Militz, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In Hardwood Conference Proceedings, pages 228–235, Sopron, Hungary, 2022. University of Sopron Press\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@inproceedings{slabohm_investigation_2022,\n\taddress = {Sopron, Hungary},\n\ttitle = {Investigation of {Poplar}-{Plywood} impregnated with a mixture of sorbitol and citric acid ({SorCA})},\n\tisbn = {978-963-334-446-0},\n\tlanguage = {EN},\n\tbooktitle = {Hardwood {Conference} {Proceedings}},\n\tpublisher = {University of Sopron Press},\n\tauthor = {Slabohm, Maik and Kurkowiak, Katarzyna and Rabke, Joshua and Debuisson, Robin and Militz, Holger},\n\tyear = {2022},\n\tpages = {228--235},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Acetylated Beech LVL: Anti-swelling-efficiency, leaching, and set recovery.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Slabohm, M.; and Militz, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In Hardwood Conference Proceedings, pages 222–227, Sopron, Hungary, 2022. University of Sopron Press\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@inproceedings{slabohm_acetylated_2022,\n\taddress = {Sopron, Hungary},\n\ttitle = {Acetylated {Beech} {LVL}: {Anti}-swelling-efficiency, leaching, and set recovery},\n\tisbn = {978-963-334-446-0},\n\tlanguage = {EN},\n\tbooktitle = {Hardwood {Conference} {Proceedings}},\n\tpublisher = {University of Sopron Press},\n\tauthor = {Slabohm, Maik and Militz, Holger},\n\tyear = {2022},\n\tpages = {222--227},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Structural characterisation of the variable impregnation of poplar wood.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Buschalsky, A.; Löning, S.; Militz, H.; and Koddenberg, T.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In Hardwood Conference Proceedings, pages 28–36, Sopron, Hungary, 2022. University of Sopron Press\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@inproceedings{buschalsky_structural_2022,\n\taddress = {Sopron, Hungary},\n\ttitle = {Structural characterisation of the variable impregnation of poplar wood},\n\tisbn = {978-963-334-446-0},\n\tlanguage = {EN},\n\tbooktitle = {Hardwood {Conference} {Proceedings}},\n\tpublisher = {University of Sopron Press},\n\tauthor = {Buschalsky, Andreas and Löning, Sophie and Militz, Holger and Koddenberg, Tim},\n\tyear = {2022},\n\tpages = {28--36},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Mechanical properties and biological durability in soil contact of chemically modified wood treated in an open or in a closed system using glycerol/maleic anhydride systems.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Mubarok, M.; Militz, H.; Dumarcay, S.; Darmawan, W.; Hadi, Y. S.; and Gérardin, P.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Wood Material Science & Engineering, 17(5): 356–365. September 2022.\n Publisher: Taylor & Francis _eprint: https://doi.org/10.1080/17480272.2021.1872701\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n \"MechanicalPaper\n  \n \n\n \n \n doi\n  \n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n  \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@article{mubarok_mechanical_2022,\n\ttitle = {Mechanical properties and biological durability in soil contact of chemically modified wood treated in an open or in a closed system using glycerol/maleic anhydride systems},\n\tvolume = {17},\n\tissn = {1748-0272},\n\turl = {https://doi.org/10.1080/17480272.2021.1872701},\n\tdoi = {10.1080/17480272.2021.1872701},\n\tabstract = {This paper presents mechanical properties and biological durability properties against soft-rot (soil bed test) and subterranean termites (grave-yard test) of the wood modified with a vinylic derivative of glycerol or polyglycerol and maleic anhydride at different curing conditions. Wood modification was performed through impregnation of European beech (Fagus sylvatica) with an aqueous solution of polyglycerol maleate, glycerol maleate, or maleic anhydride at 10 or 20\\% w/w concentration, followed with curing under oven heating (OHT) in an open system (120°C, 150°C, or 220°C) or under heat pressurised steam (HPS) at 150°C in a closed system. Results revealed that almost all modified wood presented higher modulus of elasticity (MOE) values than untreated wood, however, modulus of rupture (MOR) and work to maximum load in bending (WMLB) decreased considerably. Biological durability in the soil bed test against soft-rot indicated that almost all modified wood was specified as “durable” to “very durable”. However, among the treatments, the wood modified with polyglycerol maleate/glycerol maleate/maleic anhydride at 20\\% under OHT 150°C or the wood modified at lower additive concentration (10\\%) under OHT 220°C presented excellent durability against subterranean termites within a period of 328 days in the field.},\n\tnumber = {5},\n\turldate = {2022-11-01},\n\tjournal = {Wood Material Science \\& Engineering},\n\tauthor = {Mubarok, Mahdi and Militz, Holger and Dumarcay, Stéphane and Darmawan, Wayan and Hadi, Yusuf Sudo and Gérardin, Philippe},\n\tmonth = sep,\n\tyear = {2022},\n\tnote = {Publisher: Taylor \\& Francis\n\\_eprint: https://doi.org/10.1080/17480272.2021.1872701},\n\tkeywords = {mechanical properties, soft-rot, field test, Closed system, glycerol maleate, thermochemical wood modification},\n\tpages = {356--365},\n\tfile = {Mubarok et al. - 2021 - Mechanical properties and biological durability in.pdf:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\KN9BVZJV\\\\Mubarok et al. - 2021 - Mechanical properties and biological durability in.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n This paper presents mechanical properties and biological durability properties against soft-rot (soil bed test) and subterranean termites (grave-yard test) of the wood modified with a vinylic derivative of glycerol or polyglycerol and maleic anhydride at different curing conditions. Wood modification was performed through impregnation of European beech (Fagus sylvatica) with an aqueous solution of polyglycerol maleate, glycerol maleate, or maleic anhydride at 10 or 20% w/w concentration, followed with curing under oven heating (OHT) in an open system (120°C, 150°C, or 220°C) or under heat pressurised steam (HPS) at 150°C in a closed system. Results revealed that almost all modified wood presented higher modulus of elasticity (MOE) values than untreated wood, however, modulus of rupture (MOR) and work to maximum load in bending (WMLB) decreased considerably. Biological durability in the soil bed test against soft-rot indicated that almost all modified wood was specified as “durable” to “very durable”. However, among the treatments, the wood modified with polyglycerol maleate/glycerol maleate/maleic anhydride at 20% under OHT 150°C or the wood modified at lower additive concentration (10%) under OHT 220°C presented excellent durability against subterranean termites within a period of 328 days in the field.\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Effect of pressurized hot water extraction and esterification on the moisture properties and decay resistance of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) sapwood.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Kyyrö, S.; Altgen, M.; Belt, T.; Seppäläinen, H.; Brischke, C.; Heinze, P.; Militz, H.; and Rautkari, L.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Holzforschung. September 2022.\n Publisher: De Gruyter\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n \"EffectPaper\n  \n \n\n \n \n doi\n  \n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n  \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@article{kyyro_effect_2022,\n\ttitle = {Effect of pressurized hot water extraction and esterification on the moisture properties and decay resistance of {Scots} pine ({Pinus} sylvestris {L}.) sapwood},\n\tissn = {1437-434X},\n\turl = {https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/hf-2022-0100/html},\n\tdoi = {10.1515/hf-2022-0100},\n\tabstract = {Pressurized hot water extraction (HWE) treatment has the benefit of simultaneous extraction of hemicellulose-based carbohydrates and modification of the solid phase, but it does not drastically improve wood durability. However, removing hemicelluloses from the wood by HWE treatment creates water-filled spaces in the cell walls which could be filled with modification agent in order to improve the properties of the wood. Without drying, modification agent can be added into the saturated wood via diffusion. The esterification of wood with citric acid (CA) improves resistance to biological deterioration but increases brittleness. However, combining CA esterification with additional chemicals that form links with CA can mitigate brittleness. This study investigated esterification as a method for modifying HWE treated wood. HWE treatment with CA solution (4\\% w/v) was applied at 120 °C for 3 h to Scots pine ( Pinus sylvestris L.) sapwood specimens. The specimens were further modified by diffusion with CA and starch derivatives followed by curing. The applied method changed the moisture properties and chemical composition of the wood. The results showed successful wood bulking. The investigated method slightly improved decay resistance to Coniophora puteana and Trametes versicolor but did not change resistance to Rhodonia placenta .},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\turldate = {2022-09-19},\n\tjournal = {Holzforschung},\n\tauthor = {Kyyrö, Suvi and Altgen, Michael and Belt, Tiina and Seppäläinen, Hanna and Brischke, Christian and Heinze, Petra and Militz, Holger and Rautkari, Lauri},\n\tmonth = sep,\n\tyear = {2022},\n\tnote = {Publisher: De Gruyter},\n\tkeywords = {wood modification, hygroscopicity, citric acid, starch, biological durability},\n}\n\n
\n
\n\n\n
\n Pressurized hot water extraction (HWE) treatment has the benefit of simultaneous extraction of hemicellulose-based carbohydrates and modification of the solid phase, but it does not drastically improve wood durability. However, removing hemicelluloses from the wood by HWE treatment creates water-filled spaces in the cell walls which could be filled with modification agent in order to improve the properties of the wood. Without drying, modification agent can be added into the saturated wood via diffusion. The esterification of wood with citric acid (CA) improves resistance to biological deterioration but increases brittleness. However, combining CA esterification with additional chemicals that form links with CA can mitigate brittleness. This study investigated esterification as a method for modifying HWE treated wood. HWE treatment with CA solution (4% w/v) was applied at 120 °C for 3 h to Scots pine ( Pinus sylvestris L.) sapwood specimens. The specimens were further modified by diffusion with CA and starch derivatives followed by curing. The applied method changed the moisture properties and chemical composition of the wood. The results showed successful wood bulking. The investigated method slightly improved decay resistance to Coniophora puteana and Trametes versicolor but did not change resistance to Rhodonia placenta .\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Quality control of esterified wood using hyperspectral imaging.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Kurkowiak, K.; Altgen, M.; Awais, M.; Rautkari, L.; and Militz, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In Proceedings of the 18th meeting of the Northern European Network for Wood Science and Engineering (WSE 2022), pages 89–91, Göttingen, Germany, September 2022. \n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@inproceedings{kurkowiak_quality_2022,\n\taddress = {Göttingen, Germany},\n\ttitle = {Quality control of esterified wood using hyperspectral imaging},\n\tlanguage = {EN},\n\tbooktitle = {Proceedings of the 18th meeting of the {Northern} {European} {Network} for {Wood} {Science} and {Engineering} ({WSE} 2022)},\n\tauthor = {Kurkowiak, K. and Altgen, M. and Awais, M. and Rautkari, L. and Militz, H.},\n\tmonth = sep,\n\tyear = {2022},\n\tpages = {89--91},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Vacuum low-temperature microwave-assisted pyrolysis of pine Kraft lignin – Products and potential applications.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Karthäuser, J.; Biziks, V.; and Militz, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In Proceedings of the 18th meeting of the Northern European Network for Wood Science and Engineering (WSE 2022), pages 71–73, Göttingen, Germany, September 2022. \n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@inproceedings{karthauser_vacuum_2022-1,\n\taddress = {Göttingen, Germany},\n\ttitle = {Vacuum low-temperature microwave-assisted pyrolysis of pine {Kraft} lignin – {Products} and potential applications},\n\tlanguage = {EN},\n\tbooktitle = {Proceedings of the 18th meeting of the {Northern} {European} {Network} for {Wood} {Science} and {Engineering} ({WSE} 2022)},\n\tauthor = {Karthäuser, Johannes and Biziks, Vladimir and Militz, Holger},\n\tmonth = sep,\n\tyear = {2022},\n\tpages = {71--73},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Radial microfibril arrangements in wood cell walls.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Maaß, M. C.; Saleh, S.; Militz, H.; and Volkert, C. A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Planta, 256(4): 75. September 2022.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n \"RadialPaper\n  \n \n\n \n \n doi\n  \n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n  \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n  \n \n 1 download\n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
\n 
@article{maas_radial_2022,\n\ttitle = {Radial microfibril arrangements in wood cell walls},\n\tvolume = {256},\n\tissn = {1432-2048},\n\turl = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s00425-022-03976-2},\n\tdoi = {10.1007/s00425-022-03976-2},\n\tabstract = {TEM and AFM imaging reveal radial orientations and whorl-like arrangements of cellulose microfibrils near the S1/S2 interface. These are explained by wrinkling during lamellar cell growth.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {4},\n\turldate = {2022-09-12},\n\tjournal = {Planta},\n\tauthor = {Maaß, Mona C. and Saleh, Salimeh and Militz, Holger and Volkert, Cynthia A.},\n\tmonth = sep,\n\tyear = {2022},\n\tkeywords = {Cell wall layer wrinkling, Microfibril angle (MFA), Microfibril arrangement, S1/S2 interface, Ultrastructure, Whorl-like microfibril structure, Wood cell wall structure},\n\tpages = {75},\n\tfile = {Full Text PDF:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\SGBXQXXI\\\\Maaß et al. - 2022 - Radial microfibril arrangements in wood cell walls.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n TEM and AFM imaging reveal radial orientations and whorl-like arrangements of cellulose microfibrils near the S1/S2 interface. These are explained by wrinkling during lamellar cell growth.\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Effect of pressurized hot water extraction and esterification on the moisture properties and decay resistance of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) sapwood.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Kyyrö, S.; Altgen, M.; Belt, T.; Seppäläinen, H.; Brischke, C.; Heinze, P.; Militz, H.; and Rautkari, L.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Holzforschung, 76(10): 916–928. October 2022.\n Publisher: De Gruyter\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n \"EffectPaper\n  \n \n\n \n \n doi\n  \n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n  \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
\n 
@article{kyyro_effect_2022-1,\n\ttitle = {Effect of pressurized hot water extraction and esterification on the moisture properties and decay resistance of {Scots} pine ({Pinus} sylvestris {L}.) sapwood},\n\tvolume = {76},\n\tcopyright = {De Gruyter expressly reserves the right to use all content for commercial text and data mining within the meaning of Section 44b of the German Copyright Act.},\n\tissn = {1437-434X},\n\turl = {https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/hf-2022-0100/html?lang=en},\n\tdoi = {10.1515/hf-2022-0100},\n\tabstract = {Pressurized hot water extraction (HWE) treatment has the benefit of simultaneous extraction of hemicellulose-based carbohydrates and modification of the solid phase, but it does not drastically improve wood durability. However, removing hemicelluloses from the wood by HWE treatment creates water-filled spaces in the cell walls which could be filled with modification agent in order to improve the properties of the wood. Without drying, modification agent can be added into the saturated wood via diffusion. The esterification of wood with citric acid (CA) improves resistance to biological deterioration but increases brittleness. However, combining CA esterification with additional chemicals that form links with CA can mitigate brittleness. This study investigated esterification as a method for modifying HWE treated wood. HWE treatment with CA solution (4\\% w/v) was applied at 120 °C for 3 h to Scots pine ( Pinus sylvestris L.) sapwood specimens. The specimens were further modified by diffusion with CA and starch derivatives followed by curing. The applied method changed the moisture properties and chemical composition of the wood. The results showed successful wood bulking. The investigated method slightly improved decay resistance to Coniophora puteana and Trametes versicolor but did not change resistance to Rhodonia placenta .},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {10},\n\turldate = {2024-01-11},\n\tjournal = {Holzforschung},\n\tauthor = {Kyyrö, Suvi and Altgen, Michael and Belt, Tiina and Seppäläinen, Hanna and Brischke, Christian and Heinze, Petra and Militz, Holger and Rautkari, Lauri},\n\tmonth = oct,\n\tyear = {2022},\n\tnote = {Publisher: De Gruyter},\n\tkeywords = {wood modification, hygroscopicity, citric acid, starch, biological durability},\n\tpages = {916--928},\n\tfile = {Full Text PDF:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\3NTTJPK7\\\\Kyyrö et al. - 2022 - Effect of pressurized hot water extraction and est.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
\n
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\n Pressurized hot water extraction (HWE) treatment has the benefit of simultaneous extraction of hemicellulose-based carbohydrates and modification of the solid phase, but it does not drastically improve wood durability. However, removing hemicelluloses from the wood by HWE treatment creates water-filled spaces in the cell walls which could be filled with modification agent in order to improve the properties of the wood. Without drying, modification agent can be added into the saturated wood via diffusion. The esterification of wood with citric acid (CA) improves resistance to biological deterioration but increases brittleness. However, combining CA esterification with additional chemicals that form links with CA can mitigate brittleness. This study investigated esterification as a method for modifying HWE treated wood. HWE treatment with CA solution (4% w/v) was applied at 120 °C for 3 h to Scots pine ( Pinus sylvestris L.) sapwood specimens. The specimens were further modified by diffusion with CA and starch derivatives followed by curing. The applied method changed the moisture properties and chemical composition of the wood. The results showed successful wood bulking. The investigated method slightly improved decay resistance to Coniophora puteana and Trametes versicolor but did not change resistance to Rhodonia placenta .\n
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\n  \n 2021\n \n \n (26)\n \n \n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Lignin and Lignin-Derived Compounds for Wood Applications—A Review.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Karthäuser, J.; Biziks, V.; Mai, C.; and Militz, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Molecules, 26(9): 2533. January 2021.\n Number: 9 Publisher: Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n \"LigninPaper\n  \n \n\n \n \n doi\n  \n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n  \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n  \n \n 1 download\n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@article{karthauser_lignin_2021,\n\ttitle = {Lignin and {Lignin}-{Derived} {Compounds} for {Wood} {Applications}—{A} {Review}},\n\tvolume = {26},\n\tcopyright = {http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/},\n\turl = {https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/26/9/2533},\n\tdoi = {10.3390/molecules26092533},\n\tabstract = {Improving the environmental performance of resins in wood treatment by using renewable chemicals has been a topic of interest for a long time. At the same time, lignin, the second most abundant biomass on earth, is produced in large scale as a side product and mainly used energetically. The use of lignin in wood adhesives or for wood modification has received a lot of scientific attention. Despite this, there are only few lignin-derived wood products commercially available. This review provides a summary of the research on lignin application in wood adhesives, as well as for wood modification. The research on the use of uncleaved lignin and of cleavage products of lignin is reviewed. Finally, the current state of the art of commercialization of lignin-derived wood products is presented.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {9},\n\turldate = {2021-04-27},\n\tjournal = {Molecules},\n\tauthor = {Karthäuser, Johannes and Biziks, Vladimirs and Mai, Carsten and Militz, Holger},\n\tmonth = jan,\n\tyear = {2021},\n\tnote = {Number: 9\nPublisher: Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute},\n\tkeywords = {wood modification, adhesive, lignin, LPF resins},\n\tpages = {2533},\n\tfile = {Full Text PDF:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\Z9TG4K8W\\\\Karthäuser et al. - 2021 - Lignin and Lignin-Derived Compounds for Wood Appli.pdf:application/pdf;Karthäuser et al. - 2021 - Lignin and Lignin-Derived Compounds for Wood Appli.pdf:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\7SNVIQBY\\\\Karthäuser et al. - 2021 - Lignin and Lignin-Derived Compounds for Wood Appli.pdf:application/pdf;Snapshot:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\MQ33G472\\\\2533.html:text/html},\n}\n\n
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\n Improving the environmental performance of resins in wood treatment by using renewable chemicals has been a topic of interest for a long time. At the same time, lignin, the second most abundant biomass on earth, is produced in large scale as a side product and mainly used energetically. The use of lignin in wood adhesives or for wood modification has received a lot of scientific attention. Despite this, there are only few lignin-derived wood products commercially available. This review provides a summary of the research on lignin application in wood adhesives, as well as for wood modification. The research on the use of uncleaved lignin and of cleavage products of lignin is reviewed. Finally, the current state of the art of commercialization of lignin-derived wood products is presented.\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Effects of Wollastonite on Fire Properties of Particleboard Made from Wood and Chicken Feather Fibers.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Taghiyari, H. R.; Militz, H.; Antov, P.; and Papadopoulos, A. N.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Coatings, 11(5): 518. May 2021.\n Number: 5 Publisher: Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n \"EffectsPaper\n  \n \n\n \n \n doi\n  \n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n  \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@article{taghiyari_effects_2021,\n\ttitle = {Effects of {Wollastonite} on {Fire} {Properties} of {Particleboard} {Made} from {Wood} and {Chicken} {Feather} {Fibers}},\n\tvolume = {11},\n\tcopyright = {http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/},\n\turl = {https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6412/11/5/518},\n\tdoi = {10.3390/coatings11050518},\n\tabstract = {The present study was carried out primarily to investigate the fire properties of particleboards with 5\\% and 10\\% feather content. With regard to the flammability of chicken feathers, separate sets of panels were produced with 10\\% wollastonite content to determine to what extent it could help mitigate the negative effects of the addition of flammable feathers on the fire properties. It was concluded that the inclusion of 5\\% of chicken feathers can be considered the optimum level, enough to procure part of the ever-growing needs for new sources of raw material in particleboard manufacturing factories, without sacrificing the important fire properties. Moreover, the addition of 10\\% wollastonite is recommended to significantly improve the fire properties, making the panels more secure in applications with higher risks of fire. It is further stated thata chicken feather content of 10\\% is not recommended as it significantly deteriorates all properties (including physical, mechanical, and fire properties).},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {5},\n\turldate = {2021-04-28},\n\tjournal = {Coatings},\n\tauthor = {Taghiyari, Hamid R. and Militz, Holger and Antov, Petar and Papadopoulos, Antonios N.},\n\tmonth = may,\n\tyear = {2021},\n\tnote = {Number: 5\nPublisher: Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute},\n\tkeywords = {particleboard, wollastonite, fire-retarding property, piloted flame, wood-based composite},\n\tpages = {518},\n\tfile = {Full Text PDF:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\5L3QNIRF\\\\Taghiyari et al. - 2021 - Effects of Wollastonite on Fire Properties of Part.pdf:application/pdf;Snapshot:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\969UHHCF\\\\518.html:text/html},\n}\n\n
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\n The present study was carried out primarily to investigate the fire properties of particleboards with 5% and 10% feather content. With regard to the flammability of chicken feathers, separate sets of panels were produced with 10% wollastonite content to determine to what extent it could help mitigate the negative effects of the addition of flammable feathers on the fire properties. It was concluded that the inclusion of 5% of chicken feathers can be considered the optimum level, enough to procure part of the ever-growing needs for new sources of raw material in particleboard manufacturing factories, without sacrificing the important fire properties. Moreover, the addition of 10% wollastonite is recommended to significantly improve the fire properties, making the panels more secure in applications with higher risks of fire. It is further stated thata chicken feather content of 10% is not recommended as it significantly deteriorates all properties (including physical, mechanical, and fire properties).\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Fluid Flow of Polar and Less Polar Liquids through Modified Poplar Wood.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Taghiyari, H. R.; Abbasi, H.; Militz, H.; and Papadopoulos, A. N.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Forests, 12(4): 482. April 2021.\n Number: 4 Publisher: Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n \"FluidPaper\n  \n \n\n \n \n doi\n  \n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n  \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
\n 
@article{taghiyari_fluid_2021,\n\ttitle = {Fluid {Flow} of {Polar} and {Less} {Polar} {Liquids} through {Modified} {Poplar} {Wood}},\n\tvolume = {12},\n\tcopyright = {http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/},\n\turl = {https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4907/12/4/482},\n\tdoi = {10.3390/f12040482},\n\tabstract = {Fast-growing species often have a low natural durability and can easily be attacked by fungi and insects, and therefore it is often better to preserve them before use. Permeability is a physical property in porous media that significantly affects the penetration of water- and oil-based preservatives into the texture of wood. In the present study, the specific gas permeability and liquid permeability to water and kerosene in poplar wood (Populus nigra var. betulifolia) were measured. The poplar trees were grown in plots with two spacings of 3 × 4 m and 3 × 8 m. Separate sets of specimens were also thermally modified in order to examinethe effects of this modification on gas and liquid permeability values. The results showed higher gas permeability in specimens grown in the plot with wider spacing (3 × 8 m), which was attributed to their larger vessel diameter. Kerosene demonstrated significantly higher permeability in comparison to water. This was attributed to the polar nature of water molecules, which tend to make stronger bonds with wood cell-wall polymers, ultimately delaying the movement of water through vessel elements. Thermal modification had an increasing effect on specific gas permeability. The increase was attributed to cracks that occur in the pits and wood cell wall during thermal modification, making way for the easier flow of fluids. Decreased wettability caused by thermal modification resulted in a significant increase in both water and kerosene permeability values.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {4},\n\turldate = {2021-04-15},\n\tjournal = {Forests},\n\tauthor = {Taghiyari, Hamid R. and Abbasi, Hanieh and Militz, Holger and Papadopoulos, Antonios N.},\n\tmonth = apr,\n\tyear = {2021},\n\tnote = {Number: 4\nPublisher: Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute},\n\tkeywords = {thermal modification, solid wood, liquid and gas permeability, permeation, porous media},\n\tpages = {482},\n\tfile = {Full Text PDF:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\EFCI2GRD\\\\Taghiyari et al. - 2021 - Fluid Flow of Polar and Less Polar Liquids through.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n Fast-growing species often have a low natural durability and can easily be attacked by fungi and insects, and therefore it is often better to preserve them before use. Permeability is a physical property in porous media that significantly affects the penetration of water- and oil-based preservatives into the texture of wood. In the present study, the specific gas permeability and liquid permeability to water and kerosene in poplar wood (Populus nigra var. betulifolia) were measured. The poplar trees were grown in plots with two spacings of 3 × 4 m and 3 × 8 m. Separate sets of specimens were also thermally modified in order to examinethe effects of this modification on gas and liquid permeability values. The results showed higher gas permeability in specimens grown in the plot with wider spacing (3 × 8 m), which was attributed to their larger vessel diameter. Kerosene demonstrated significantly higher permeability in comparison to water. This was attributed to the polar nature of water molecules, which tend to make stronger bonds with wood cell-wall polymers, ultimately delaying the movement of water through vessel elements. Thermal modification had an increasing effect on specific gas permeability. The increase was attributed to cracks that occur in the pits and wood cell wall during thermal modification, making way for the easier flow of fluids. Decreased wettability caused by thermal modification resulted in a significant increase in both water and kerosene permeability values.\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Effect of Grain Direction on Drilling Resistance Measurements in Wood.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Sharapov, E.; Brischke, C.; and Militz, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n International Journal of Architectural Heritage, 15(2): 250–258. February 2021.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n \"EffectPaper\n  \n \n\n \n \n doi\n  \n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n  \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n  \n \n 2 downloads\n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
\n 
@article{sharapov_effect_2021,\n\ttitle = {Effect of {Grain} {Direction} on {Drilling} {Resistance} {Measurements} in {Wood}},\n\tvolume = {15},\n\tissn = {1558-3058, 1558-3066},\n\turl = {https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/15583058.2020.1766158},\n\tdoi = {10.1080/15583058.2020.1766158},\n\tabstract = {An IML-Resi PD-400 drilling tool with two types of spade drill bits (IML System GmbH, Wiesloch, Germany) was used to study the influence of the drilling direction in relation to wood grain orientation on drilling resistance (DR) and feeding resistance (FR) measurements. The drilling tests were performed on Scots pine, European beech, English oak and Silver poplar conditioned in a standard climate. The differences in DR between radial and tangential drilling direction were negligibly small or minor for both drill bit types. In contrast, the difference between longitudinal and tangential drilling direction was more pronounced but differed between wood species and drill bit types. FR was the most sensitive parameter to changes in the wood grain orientation when using a drill bit with a single major cutting edge. The mean FR decreased by approximately 27\\% for Scots pine, 33\\% for Beech, 37\\% for Oak and 40\\% for Poplar when changing the drilling direction from longitudinal to tangential. It was concluded that the drilling direction between longitudinal and transversal drillings needs to be considered for the prediction of wood properties based on DR measurements. Potential applications of drill bits with a single major cutting edge can be the object of further studies.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {2},\n\turldate = {2021-03-17},\n\tjournal = {International Journal of Architectural Heritage},\n\tauthor = {Sharapov, Evgenii and Brischke, Christian and Militz, Holger},\n\tmonth = feb,\n\tyear = {2021},\n\tpages = {250--258},\n\tfile = {Sharapov et al. - 2021 - Effect of Grain Direction on Drilling Resistance M.pdf:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\QZ38UJ29\\\\Sharapov et al. - 2021 - Effect of Grain Direction on Drilling Resistance M.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n An IML-Resi PD-400 drilling tool with two types of spade drill bits (IML System GmbH, Wiesloch, Germany) was used to study the influence of the drilling direction in relation to wood grain orientation on drilling resistance (DR) and feeding resistance (FR) measurements. The drilling tests were performed on Scots pine, European beech, English oak and Silver poplar conditioned in a standard climate. The differences in DR between radial and tangential drilling direction were negligibly small or minor for both drill bit types. In contrast, the difference between longitudinal and tangential drilling direction was more pronounced but differed between wood species and drill bit types. FR was the most sensitive parameter to changes in the wood grain orientation when using a drill bit with a single major cutting edge. The mean FR decreased by approximately 27% for Scots pine, 33% for Beech, 37% for Oak and 40% for Poplar when changing the drilling direction from longitudinal to tangential. It was concluded that the drilling direction between longitudinal and transversal drillings needs to be considered for the prediction of wood properties based on DR measurements. Potential applications of drill bits with a single major cutting edge can be the object of further studies.\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Utilization of plasma treatments in the field of wood protection.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Dahle, S.; and Militz, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In Proceedings IRG Annual Meeting, pages 19, Stockholm, Sweden, March 2021. \n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n doi\n  \n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n  \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
\n 
@inproceedings{dahle_utilization_2021,\n\taddress = {Stockholm, Sweden},\n\ttitle = {Utilization of plasma treatments in the field of wood protection},\n\tdoi = {IRG/WP 21-40912},\n\tabstract = {Plasma treatments have been used for modification of surfaces of wood and wood-based materials for some decades and solutions were developed to apply it for wood protection. This contribution aims to present the background, introduce the available plasma technology, and to give an overview on the typical applications and benefits.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tbooktitle = {Proceedings {IRG} {Annual} {Meeting}},\n\tauthor = {Dahle, Sebastian and Militz, Holger},\n\tmonth = mar,\n\tyear = {2021},\n\tpages = {19},\n\tfile = {Dahle et al. - Utilization of plasma treatments in the field of w.pdf:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\9PAD65HZ\\\\Dahle et al. - Utilization of plasma treatments in the field of w.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n Plasma treatments have been used for modification of surfaces of wood and wood-based materials for some decades and solutions were developed to apply it for wood protection. This contribution aims to present the background, introduce the available plasma technology, and to give an overview on the typical applications and benefits.\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Plasma treatment of wood - a review of 15 years of research in Göttingen.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Sauerbier, P.; Köhler, R.; Avramidis, G.; Viöl, W.; and Militz, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In Proceedings IRG Annual Meeting, pages 22, Stockholm, Sweden, March 2021. \n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n doi\n  \n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n  \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n  \n \n 1 download\n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@inproceedings{sauerbier_plasma_2021,\n\taddress = {Stockholm, Sweden},\n\ttitle = {Plasma treatment of wood - a review of 15 years of research in {Göttingen}},\n\tdoi = {IRG/WP 21-40913},\n\tabstract = {Wood is an important renewable resource and can be found omnipresent in everyday life. Its natural properties offer numerous advantages regarding physical, mechanical but also aesthetic aspects, but also challenges that one has to address with various modification methods.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tbooktitle = {Proceedings {IRG} {Annual} {Meeting}},\n\tauthor = {Sauerbier, Philipp and Köhler, Robert and Avramidis, Georg and Viöl, Wolfgang and Militz, Holger},\n\tmonth = mar,\n\tyear = {2021},\n\tpages = {22},\n\tfile = {Sauerbier et al. - Plasma treatment of wood - a review of 15 years of.pdf:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\GRMX76CK\\\\Sauerbier et al. - Plasma treatment of wood - a review of 15 years of.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n Wood is an important renewable resource and can be found omnipresent in everyday life. Its natural properties offer numerous advantages regarding physical, mechanical but also aesthetic aspects, but also challenges that one has to address with various modification methods.\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Performance of resin-treated solid wood and laminated veneer lumber (LVL) under marine conditions.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Emmerich, L.; Brischke, C.; Bicke, S.; and Militz, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In Proceedings IRG Annual Meeting, pages 11, Stockholm, Sweden, March 2021. \n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n doi\n  \n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n  \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n  \n \n 2 downloads\n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
\n 
@inproceedings{emmerich_performance_2021,\n\taddress = {Stockholm, Sweden},\n\ttitle = {Performance of resin-treated solid wood and laminated veneer lumber ({LVL}) under marine conditions},\n\tdoi = {IRG/WP 21-10973},\n\tabstract = {Wood is a traditional building material in the marine environment, where it is exposed to extremely harsh conditions. Most of the indigenous softwood and hardwood species in Europe are not durable against attack by marine organisms. Recently, wood modification has been considered as an alternative to protect non-durable wood species under use class (UC) 5 (EN 335, 2013) conditions. The present study focused on treatment of solid wood and laminated veneer lumber (LVL) with the thermosetting resin 1,3-dimethylol-4,5-dihydroxyethyleneurea (DMDHEU), its derivatives and low molecular phenol-formaldehyde (PF). The results evidenced that treatments with formaldehyde-containing thermosetting resins like DMDHEU and PF improved the resistance against attack by shipworms significantly. The latter was shown for both, solid wood and LVL specimens. In Scots pine sapwood specimens, treatment with DMDHEU caused higher improvements in the resistance against shipworm attack compared to Radiata pine and poplar specimens. Formaldehyde-free DMDHEU derivatives did not provide any resistance against marine borers compared to untreated control panels. In summary, wood modification with thermosetting resins has good potential to be used in the marine environment (UC 5). However, the mechanisms of protective action are not fully understood yet and require further studies on how curing processes, chemical distribution and production processes for wood-based composites affect the marine borer resistance. Besides that, an upscaling to large-sized dimensions is essential to implement such innovative technologies as building materials under UC 5 conditions in the near future.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tbooktitle = {Proceedings {IRG} {Annual} {Meeting}},\n\tauthor = {Emmerich, Lukas and Brischke, Christian and Bicke, Sascha and Militz, Holger},\n\tmonth = mar,\n\tyear = {2021},\n\tpages = {11},\n}\n\n
\n
\n\n\n
\n Wood is a traditional building material in the marine environment, where it is exposed to extremely harsh conditions. Most of the indigenous softwood and hardwood species in Europe are not durable against attack by marine organisms. Recently, wood modification has been considered as an alternative to protect non-durable wood species under use class (UC) 5 (EN 335, 2013) conditions. The present study focused on treatment of solid wood and laminated veneer lumber (LVL) with the thermosetting resin 1,3-dimethylol-4,5-dihydroxyethyleneurea (DMDHEU), its derivatives and low molecular phenol-formaldehyde (PF). The results evidenced that treatments with formaldehyde-containing thermosetting resins like DMDHEU and PF improved the resistance against attack by shipworms significantly. The latter was shown for both, solid wood and LVL specimens. In Scots pine sapwood specimens, treatment with DMDHEU caused higher improvements in the resistance against shipworm attack compared to Radiata pine and poplar specimens. Formaldehyde-free DMDHEU derivatives did not provide any resistance against marine borers compared to untreated control panels. In summary, wood modification with thermosetting resins has good potential to be used in the marine environment (UC 5). However, the mechanisms of protective action are not fully understood yet and require further studies on how curing processes, chemical distribution and production processes for wood-based composites affect the marine borer resistance. Besides that, an upscaling to large-sized dimensions is essential to implement such innovative technologies as building materials under UC 5 conditions in the near future.\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Three-dimensional imaging of xylem at cell wall level through near field nano holotomography.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Koddenberg, T.; Greving, I.; Hagemann, J.; Flenner, S.; Krause, A.; Laipple, D.; Klein, K. C.; Schmitt, U.; Schuster, M.; Wolf, A.; Seifert, M.; Ludwig, V.; Funk, S.; Militz, H.; and Nopens, M.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Scientific Reports, 11(1): 4574. February 2021.\n Number: 1 Publisher: Nature Publishing Group\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n \"Three-dimensionalPaper\n  \n \n\n \n \n doi\n  \n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n  \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
\n 
@article{koddenberg_three-dimensional_2021,\n\ttitle = {Three-dimensional imaging of xylem at cell wall level through near field nano holotomography},\n\tvolume = {11},\n\tcopyright = {2021 The Author(s)},\n\tissn = {2045-2322},\n\turl = {https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-021-83885-8},\n\tdoi = {10.1038/s41598-021-83885-8},\n\tabstract = {Detailed imaging of the three-dimensionally complex architecture of xylary plants is important for studying biological and mechanical functions of woody plants. Apart from common two-dimensional microscopy, X-ray micro-computed tomography has been established as a three-dimensional (3D) imaging method for studying the hydraulic function of wooden plants. However, this X-ray imaging method can barely reach the resolution needed to see the minute structures (e.g. pit membrane). To complement the xylem structure with 3D views at the nanoscale level, X-ray near-field nano-holotomography (NFH) was applied to analyze the wood species Pinus sylvestris and Fagus sylvatica. The demanded small specimens required focused ion beam (FIB) application. The FIB milling, however, influenced the image quality through gallium implantation on the cell-wall surfaces. The measurements indicated that NFH is appropriate for imaging wood at nanometric resolution. With a 26 nm voxel pitch, the structure of the cell-wall surface in Pinus sylvestris could be visualized in genuine detail. In wood of Fagus sylvatica, the structure of a pit pair, including the pit membrane, between two neighboring fibrous cells could be traced tomographically.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {1},\n\turldate = {2021-02-25},\n\tjournal = {Scientific Reports},\n\tauthor = {Koddenberg, Tim and Greving, Imke and Hagemann, Johannes and Flenner, Silja and Krause, Andreas and Laipple, Daniel and Klein, Kim C. and Schmitt, Uwe and Schuster, Max and Wolf, Andreas and Seifert, Maria and Ludwig, Veronika and Funk, Stefan and Militz, Holger and Nopens, Martin},\n\tmonth = feb,\n\tyear = {2021},\n\tnote = {Number: 1\nPublisher: Nature Publishing Group},\n\tpages = {4574},\n\tfile = {Full Text PDF:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\RKLG3KJE\\\\Koddenberg et al. - 2021 - Three-dimensional imaging of xylem at cell wall le.pdf:application/pdf;Snapshot:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\ZWEWZCCI\\\\s41598-021-83885-8.html:text/html},\n}\n\n
\n
\n\n\n
\n Detailed imaging of the three-dimensionally complex architecture of xylary plants is important for studying biological and mechanical functions of woody plants. Apart from common two-dimensional microscopy, X-ray micro-computed tomography has been established as a three-dimensional (3D) imaging method for studying the hydraulic function of wooden plants. However, this X-ray imaging method can barely reach the resolution needed to see the minute structures (e.g. pit membrane). To complement the xylem structure with 3D views at the nanoscale level, X-ray near-field nano-holotomography (NFH) was applied to analyze the wood species Pinus sylvestris and Fagus sylvatica. The demanded small specimens required focused ion beam (FIB) application. The FIB milling, however, influenced the image quality through gallium implantation on the cell-wall surfaces. The measurements indicated that NFH is appropriate for imaging wood at nanometric resolution. With a 26 nm voxel pitch, the structure of the cell-wall surface in Pinus sylvestris could be visualized in genuine detail. In wood of Fagus sylvatica, the structure of a pit pair, including the pit membrane, between two neighboring fibrous cells could be traced tomographically.\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Fatigue behavior of beech and pine wood modified with low molecular weight phenol-formaldehyde resin.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Pečnik, J. G.; Kutnar, A.; Militz, H.; Schwarzkopf, M.; and Schwager, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Holzforschung, 75(1): 37–47. January 2021.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n \"FatiguePaper\n  \n \n\n \n \n doi\n  \n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n  \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
\n 
@article{pecnik_fatigue_2021,\n\ttitle = {Fatigue behavior of beech and pine wood modified with low molecular weight phenol-formaldehyde resin},\n\tvolume = {75},\n\tissn = {1437-434X, 0018-3830},\n\turl = {https://www.degruyter.com/view/journals/hfsg/75/1/article-p37.xml},\n\tdoi = {10.1515/hf-2020-0015},\n\tabstract = {Abstract\n            \n              Modification of wood improves certain properties of natural wood and presents competitive alternatives to synthetic materials that may have larger environmental impacts. One aspect of modified wood that is currently not fully understood is the dynamic performance and how it is affected by the modification process. In this study, low-molecular weight phenol formaldehyde (PF) resin was applied to Scots pine (\n              Pinus sylvestris\n              L.) and European beech (\n              Fagus sylvatica\n              L.) wood. The effect of this modification was evaluated using a three-point bending test undergoing cyclic loading. Compared to reference samples, modified wood showed higher static performance but revealed a reduction in cyclic fatigue strength (9\\% for pine and 14\\% for beech). Cyclic fatigue strength of unmodified wood was found to be 67\\% of the static modulus of rupture for both species. With PF resin modification, the fatigue strength dropped to 58\\% for pine and 53\\% for beech. While fatigue strength decreased, there was no reduction in cyclic modulus or change in the creep rate within the stationary creep phase. It is important to consider the reduction in fatigue strength when using PF modified wood for any construction purposes with expected cyclic loading conditions.},\n\tnumber = {1},\n\turldate = {2021-02-05},\n\tjournal = {Holzforschung},\n\tauthor = {Pečnik, Jaka Gašper and Kutnar, Andreja and Militz, Holger and Schwarzkopf, Matthew and Schwager, Hannes},\n\tmonth = jan,\n\tyear = {2021},\n\tpages = {37--47},\n\tfile = {Volltext:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\7GW4PG7U\\\\Pečnik et al. - 2021 - Fatigue behavior of beech and pine wood modified w.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n Abstract Modification of wood improves certain properties of natural wood and presents competitive alternatives to synthetic materials that may have larger environmental impacts. One aspect of modified wood that is currently not fully understood is the dynamic performance and how it is affected by the modification process. In this study, low-molecular weight phenol formaldehyde (PF) resin was applied to Scots pine ( Pinus sylvestris L.) and European beech ( Fagus sylvatica L.) wood. The effect of this modification was evaluated using a three-point bending test undergoing cyclic loading. Compared to reference samples, modified wood showed higher static performance but revealed a reduction in cyclic fatigue strength (9% for pine and 14% for beech). Cyclic fatigue strength of unmodified wood was found to be 67% of the static modulus of rupture for both species. With PF resin modification, the fatigue strength dropped to 58% for pine and 53% for beech. While fatigue strength decreased, there was no reduction in cyclic modulus or change in the creep rate within the stationary creep phase. It is important to consider the reduction in fatigue strength when using PF modified wood for any construction purposes with expected cyclic loading conditions.\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Weathering Stability and Durability of Birch Plywood Modified with Different Molecular Weight Phenol-Formaldehyde Oligomers.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Grinins, J.; Biziks, V.; Marais, B. N.; Rizikovs, J.; and Militz, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Polymers, 13(2): 175. January 2021.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n \"WeatheringPaper\n  \n \n\n \n \n doi\n  \n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n  \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@article{grinins_weathering_2021,\n\ttitle = {Weathering {Stability} and {Durability} of {Birch} {Plywood} {Modified} with {Different} {Molecular} {Weight} {Phenol}-{Formaldehyde} {Oligomers}},\n\tvolume = {13},\n\tissn = {2073-4360},\n\turl = {https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/13/2/175},\n\tdoi = {10.3390/polym13020175},\n\tabstract = {This study investigated the effect of phenol-formaldehyde (PF) resin treatment on the weathering stability and biological durability of birch plywood. Silver birch (Betula pendula) veneers were vacuum-pressure impregnated with four different PF resins with average molecular weights (Mw) of 292 (resin A), 528 (resin B), 703 (resin C), and 884 g/mol (resin D). The aging properties of PF resin modified birch plywood were analyzed using artificial weathering with ultraviolet (UV) light, UV and water spray, and weathering under outdoor conditions. The same combinations of PF-treated plywood specimens were then tested in soil-bed tests to determine their resistance against soft-rot wood decay. It was not possible to compare weathering processes under artificial conditions to processes under outdoor conditions. However, the weathering stability of birch plywood treated with PF resins A, B, and C, scored better than plywood treated with commercial resin D (regardless of solid content concentration [\\%]). Results from unsterile soil bed tests showed improvements in resistance to soft-rot wood decay compared to untreated plywood and solid wood. Mass loss [\\%] was lowest for birch plywood specimens treated with resin of highest solid content concentration (resin D, 20\\%). Provisional durability ratings delivered durability class (DC) ratings of 2–3, considerably improved over untreated solid wood and untreated birch plywood (DC 5).},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {2},\n\turldate = {2021-01-14},\n\tjournal = {Polymers},\n\tauthor = {Grinins, Juris and Biziks, Vladimirs and Marais, Brendan Nicholas and Rizikovs, Janis and Militz, Holger},\n\tmonth = jan,\n\tyear = {2021},\n\tpages = {175},\n\tfile = {Grinins et al. - 2021 - Weathering Stability and Durability of Birch Plywo.pdf:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\TVDB5KNC\\\\Grinins et al. - 2021 - Weathering Stability and Durability of Birch Plywo.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n This study investigated the effect of phenol-formaldehyde (PF) resin treatment on the weathering stability and biological durability of birch plywood. Silver birch (Betula pendula) veneers were vacuum-pressure impregnated with four different PF resins with average molecular weights (Mw) of 292 (resin A), 528 (resin B), 703 (resin C), and 884 g/mol (resin D). The aging properties of PF resin modified birch plywood were analyzed using artificial weathering with ultraviolet (UV) light, UV and water spray, and weathering under outdoor conditions. The same combinations of PF-treated plywood specimens were then tested in soil-bed tests to determine their resistance against soft-rot wood decay. It was not possible to compare weathering processes under artificial conditions to processes under outdoor conditions. However, the weathering stability of birch plywood treated with PF resins A, B, and C, scored better than plywood treated with commercial resin D (regardless of solid content concentration [%]). Results from unsterile soil bed tests showed improvements in resistance to soft-rot wood decay compared to untreated plywood and solid wood. Mass loss [%] was lowest for birch plywood specimens treated with resin of highest solid content concentration (resin D, 20%). Provisional durability ratings delivered durability class (DC) ratings of 2–3, considerably improved over untreated solid wood and untreated birch plywood (DC 5).\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Compatibility of preservative with adhesive in Eucalyptus grandis laminates.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Alade, A. A.; Naghizadeh, Z.; Wessels, C. B.; Stolze, H.; and Militz, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n International Wood Products Journal, 13(1): 57–69. December 2021.\n Publisher: Taylor & Francis _eprint: https://doi.org/10.1080/20426445.2021.2018101\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n \"CompatibilityPaper\n  \n \n\n \n \n doi\n  \n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n  \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@article{alade_compatibility_2021,\n\ttitle = {Compatibility of preservative with adhesive in {Eucalyptus} grandis laminates},\n\tvolume = {13},\n\tissn = {2042-6445},\n\turl = {https://doi.org/10.1080/20426445.2021.2018101},\n\tdoi = {10.1080/20426445.2021.2018101},\n\tabstract = {The fundamental factors responsible for the complexities in adhesive bonding of preservative-treated wood are predominantly wood species, preservative composition, and adhesive system. It is post-effect of these factors that process variables such as assembly times and bonding pressure exert secondary influences on adhesive-bond development in preservative-treated laminates. Hence, this study investigated the effect of copper azole (CA) and disodium octaborate tetrahydrate (DOT) impregnations on E. grandis heartwood (HW) and sapwood (SW) bonding with melamine–urea–formaldehyde and polyurethane adhesives. Based on the adhesives and bonding conditions investigated, the CA and DOT-treated E. grandis laminates do not satisfy at least one of the shear strength and delamination requirements according to EN 14080:2013. Contrary to delamination, shear strength was significantly affected by the HW–SW difference. This study established the basis for further considerations on adapting bonding conditions for improved adhesive-bond performance in CA and DOT-treated E. grandis laminates towards manufacturing durable hardwood composite for tropical and subtropical environments.},\n\tnumber = {1},\n\turldate = {2021-12-23},\n\tjournal = {International Wood Products Journal},\n\tauthor = {Alade, Adefemi Adebisi and Naghizadeh, Zahra and Wessels, Coenraad Brand and Stolze, Hannes and Militz, Holger},\n\tmonth = dec,\n\tyear = {2021},\n\tnote = {Publisher: Taylor \\& Francis\n\\_eprint: https://doi.org/10.1080/20426445.2021.2018101},\n\tkeywords = {adhesion, wood composites, E. grandis, hardwood bonding, Wood durability treatment},\n\tpages = {57--69},\n\tfile = {Alade et al. - 2021 - Compatibility of preservative with adhesive in Euc.pdf:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\XFVIY46R\\\\Alade et al. - 2021 - Compatibility of preservative with adhesive in Euc.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n The fundamental factors responsible for the complexities in adhesive bonding of preservative-treated wood are predominantly wood species, preservative composition, and adhesive system. It is post-effect of these factors that process variables such as assembly times and bonding pressure exert secondary influences on adhesive-bond development in preservative-treated laminates. Hence, this study investigated the effect of copper azole (CA) and disodium octaborate tetrahydrate (DOT) impregnations on E. grandis heartwood (HW) and sapwood (SW) bonding with melamine–urea–formaldehyde and polyurethane adhesives. Based on the adhesives and bonding conditions investigated, the CA and DOT-treated E. grandis laminates do not satisfy at least one of the shear strength and delamination requirements according to EN 14080:2013. Contrary to delamination, shear strength was significantly affected by the HW–SW difference. This study established the basis for further considerations on adapting bonding conditions for improved adhesive-bond performance in CA and DOT-treated E. grandis laminates towards manufacturing durable hardwood composite for tropical and subtropical environments.\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Improving fire retardancy of unheated and heat-treated fir wood by nano-sepiolite.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Taghiyari, H. R.; Tajvidi, M.; Soltani, A.; Esmailpour, A.; Khodadoosti, G.; Jafarzadeh, H.; Militz, H.; and Papadopoulos, A. N.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n European Journal of Wood and Wood Products. March 2021.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n \"ImprovingPaper\n  \n \n\n \n \n doi\n  \n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n  \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n  \n \n 1 download\n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@article{taghiyari_improving_2021,\n\ttitle = {Improving fire retardancy of unheated and heat-treated fir wood by nano-sepiolite},\n\tissn = {0018-3768, 1436-736X},\n\turl = {http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s00107-021-01679-1},\n\tdoi = {10.1007/s00107-021-01679-1},\n\tabstract = {The effects of nano-sepiolite (NS) on fire properties of unheated and heat-treated fir wood were studied using a newly developed apparatus. Separate sets of specimens were prepared to be painted with plain acrylic-latex paint and NS-treated paint as well. Heat treatment of specimens was carried out in a laboratory oven at 185 ºC and under atmospheric air pressure. Six fire properties were measured including times to onset of ignition and glowing, as well as back-darkening and back-holing times. Two properties of mass loss and burnt area were measured once the fire was extinguished and the test on each specimen terminated. Results demonstrated significant improvement in fire properties of NS. The improvement was partially attributed to the mineral nature of sepiolite with low chemical reactivity, acting as an insulating layer towards the penetration of fire to the wood substrate. The improvement in fire properties was also partially attributed to the high thermal conductivity coefficient of sepiolite, delaying the accumulation of heat at the point nearest to the piloted fire to reach ignition point. Heat treatment did not significantly affect fire properties in unpainted specimens. However, fire properties in the painted heat-treated specimens (with both plain paint, and NS-treated paint) tended to decrease, though the values were still significantly higher than those of unpainted heat-treated specimens. FTIR spectra illustrated significant alteration in intensities at wave numbers 3100 ­cm−1 and 1,00 ­cm−1, related to the hydroxyl groups of cell-wall polymers (mostly hemicelluloses). These alterations had a negative effect on the adhesion of the water-based paint used in this study. It was concluded that nano-sepiolite has a promising future as a fire retardant. However, as cost is of vital importance for paint manufacturers, further studies on the effects of sepiolite at micron-scale available at a lower price should also be carried out.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\turldate = {2021-03-23},\n\tjournal = {European Journal of Wood and Wood Products},\n\tauthor = {Taghiyari, Hamid R. and Tajvidi, Mehdi and Soltani, Abolfazl and Esmailpour, Ayoub and Khodadoosti, Goodarz and Jafarzadeh, Hossein and Militz, Holger and Papadopoulos, Antonios N.},\n\tmonth = mar,\n\tyear = {2021},\n\tfile = {Springer Full Text PDF:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\3K2B5P6L\\\\Taghiyari et al. - 2021 - Improving fire retardancy of unheated and heat-tre.pdf:application/pdf;Taghiyari et al. - 2021 - Improving fire retardancy of unheated and heat-tre.pdf:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\ATBYKG5A\\\\Taghiyari et al. - 2021 - Improving fire retardancy of unheated and heat-tre.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n The effects of nano-sepiolite (NS) on fire properties of unheated and heat-treated fir wood were studied using a newly developed apparatus. Separate sets of specimens were prepared to be painted with plain acrylic-latex paint and NS-treated paint as well. Heat treatment of specimens was carried out in a laboratory oven at 185 ºC and under atmospheric air pressure. Six fire properties were measured including times to onset of ignition and glowing, as well as back-darkening and back-holing times. Two properties of mass loss and burnt area were measured once the fire was extinguished and the test on each specimen terminated. Results demonstrated significant improvement in fire properties of NS. The improvement was partially attributed to the mineral nature of sepiolite with low chemical reactivity, acting as an insulating layer towards the penetration of fire to the wood substrate. The improvement in fire properties was also partially attributed to the high thermal conductivity coefficient of sepiolite, delaying the accumulation of heat at the point nearest to the piloted fire to reach ignition point. Heat treatment did not significantly affect fire properties in unpainted specimens. However, fire properties in the painted heat-treated specimens (with both plain paint, and NS-treated paint) tended to decrease, though the values were still significantly higher than those of unpainted heat-treated specimens. FTIR spectra illustrated significant alteration in intensities at wave numbers 3100 ­cm−1 and 1,00 ­cm−1, related to the hydroxyl groups of cell-wall polymers (mostly hemicelluloses). These alterations had a negative effect on the adhesion of the water-based paint used in this study. It was concluded that nano-sepiolite has a promising future as a fire retardant. However, as cost is of vital importance for paint manufacturers, further studies on the effects of sepiolite at micron-scale available at a lower price should also be carried out.\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Growth behavior of wood-destroying fungi in chemically modified wood: wood degradation and translocation of nitrogen compounds.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Emmerich, L.; Bleckmann, M.; Strohbusch, S.; Brischke, C.; Bollmus, S.; and Militz, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Holzforschung, 0(0): 000010151520200252. February 2021.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n \"GrowthPaper\n  \n \n\n \n \n doi\n  \n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n  \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n  \n \n 7 downloads\n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@article{emmerich_growth_2021,\n\ttitle = {Growth behavior of wood-destroying fungi in chemically modified wood: wood degradation and translocation of nitrogen compounds},\n\tvolume = {0},\n\tissn = {1437-434X, 0018-3830},\n\tshorttitle = {Growth behavior of wood-destroying fungi in chemically modified wood},\n\turl = {https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/hf-2020-0252/html},\n\tdoi = {10.1515/hf-2020-0252},\n\tabstract = {Abstract\n            \n              Chemical wood modification has been used to modify wood and improve its decay resistance. However, the mode of protective action is still not fully understood. Occasionally, outdoor products made from chemically modified timber (CMT) show internal decay while their outer shell remains intact. Hence, it was hypothesized that wood decay fungi may grow through CMT without losing their capability to degrade non-modified wood. This study aimed at developing a laboratory test set-up to investigate (1) whether decay fungi grow through CMT and (2) retain their ability to degrade non-modified wood. Acetylated and 1,3-dimethylol-4,5-dihydroxyethyleneurea (DMDHEU) treated wood were used in decay tests with modified ‘mantle specimens’ and untreated ‘core dowels’. It became evident that white rot (\n              Trametes versicolor\n              ), brown rot (\n              Coniophora puteana\n              ) and soft rot fungi can grow through CMT without losing their ability to degrade untreated wood. Consequently, full volume impregnation of wood with the modifying agent is required to achieve complete protection of wooden products. In decay tests with DMDHEU treated specimens, significant amounts of apparently non-fixated DMDHEU were translocated from modified mantle specimens to untreated wood cores. A diffusion-driven transport of nitrogen and DMDHEU seemed to be responsible for mass translocation during decay testing.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {0},\n\turldate = {2021-02-16},\n\tjournal = {Holzforschung},\n\tauthor = {Emmerich, Lukas and Bleckmann, Maja and Strohbusch, Sarah and Brischke, Christian and Bollmus, Susanne and Militz, Holger},\n\tmonth = feb,\n\tyear = {2021},\n\tkeywords = {DMDHEU, acetylation, chemical wood modification, durability, fungal growth, nitrogen analysis},\n\tpages = {000010151520200252},\n\tfile = {Emmerich et al. - 2021 - Growth behavior of wood-destroying fungi in chemic.pdf:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\HAESN92C\\\\Emmerich et al. - 2021 - Growth behavior of wood-destroying fungi in chemic.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n Abstract Chemical wood modification has been used to modify wood and improve its decay resistance. However, the mode of protective action is still not fully understood. Occasionally, outdoor products made from chemically modified timber (CMT) show internal decay while their outer shell remains intact. Hence, it was hypothesized that wood decay fungi may grow through CMT without losing their capability to degrade non-modified wood. This study aimed at developing a laboratory test set-up to investigate (1) whether decay fungi grow through CMT and (2) retain their ability to degrade non-modified wood. Acetylated and 1,3-dimethylol-4,5-dihydroxyethyleneurea (DMDHEU) treated wood were used in decay tests with modified ‘mantle specimens’ and untreated ‘core dowels’. It became evident that white rot ( Trametes versicolor ), brown rot ( Coniophora puteana ) and soft rot fungi can grow through CMT without losing their ability to degrade untreated wood. Consequently, full volume impregnation of wood with the modifying agent is required to achieve complete protection of wooden products. In decay tests with DMDHEU treated specimens, significant amounts of apparently non-fixated DMDHEU were translocated from modified mantle specimens to untreated wood cores. A diffusion-driven transport of nitrogen and DMDHEU seemed to be responsible for mass translocation during decay testing.\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Dynamic strength properties and structural integrity of wood modified with cyclic N -methylol and N -methyl compounds.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Emmerich, L.; Brischke, C.; Bollmus, S.; and Militz, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Holzforschung, 0(0): 000010151520210013. April 2021.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n \"DynamicPaper\n  \n \n\n \n \n doi\n  \n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n  \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@article{emmerich_dynamic_2021,\n\ttitle = {Dynamic strength properties and structural integrity of wood modified with cyclic \\textit{{N}} -methylol and \\textit{{N}} -methyl compounds},\n\tvolume = {0},\n\tissn = {1437-434X, 0018-3830},\n\turl = {https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/hf-2021-0013/html},\n\tdoi = {10.1515/hf-2021-0013},\n\tabstract = {Cyclic N-methylol compounds have been used for cell wall impregnation modifications of wood. Besides an improved decay resistance and dimensional stability, the modifications resulted in a decrease of wood’s dynamic strength properties. However, the mechanisms behind a significant loss in dynamic strength are not fully understood yet. In this study, wood blocks were treated with the N-methylol compounds 1,3-dimethylol4,5-dihydroxyethyleneurea (DMDHEU) and methylated DMDHEU (mDMDHEU) and the N-methyl compound 1,3-dimethyl-4,5-dihydroxy-ethyleneurea (DMeDHEU). In order to study the factors that control the changes of wood performance under dynamic loads, single (impact bending strength, IBS) and multiple dynamic impact (resistance to impact milling, RIM) tests were applied. It became evident, that reductions in IBS and RIM increased with increasing solid content, formaldehyde content and catalyst concentration of the impregnation solutions, but were not affected by a cold-water leaching. Differences in structural integrity of wood modified with N-methylol and N-methyl compounds were more pronounced than those of IBS. Therefore, RIM appeared more sensitive to changes on cellular level, as a higher degree of co-condensation of the N-methylol compounds with cell wall polymers was expected in comparison with the N-methyl compound.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {0},\n\turldate = {2021-05-18},\n\tjournal = {Holzforschung},\n\tauthor = {Emmerich, Lukas and Brischke, Christian and Bollmus, Susanne and Militz, Holger},\n\tmonth = apr,\n\tyear = {2021},\n\tkeywords = {DMDHEU, mDMDHEU, resistance to impact milling, impact bending strength, DMeDHEU, structural integrity},\n\tpages = {000010151520210013},\n\tfile = {Emmerich et al. - 2021 - Dynamic strength properties and structural integri.pdf:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\6BKYE94F\\\\Emmerich et al. - 2021 - Dynamic strength properties and structural integri.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n Cyclic N-methylol compounds have been used for cell wall impregnation modifications of wood. Besides an improved decay resistance and dimensional stability, the modifications resulted in a decrease of wood’s dynamic strength properties. However, the mechanisms behind a significant loss in dynamic strength are not fully understood yet. In this study, wood blocks were treated with the N-methylol compounds 1,3-dimethylol4,5-dihydroxyethyleneurea (DMDHEU) and methylated DMDHEU (mDMDHEU) and the N-methyl compound 1,3-dimethyl-4,5-dihydroxy-ethyleneurea (DMeDHEU). In order to study the factors that control the changes of wood performance under dynamic loads, single (impact bending strength, IBS) and multiple dynamic impact (resistance to impact milling, RIM) tests were applied. It became evident, that reductions in IBS and RIM increased with increasing solid content, formaldehyde content and catalyst concentration of the impregnation solutions, but were not affected by a cold-water leaching. Differences in structural integrity of wood modified with N-methylol and N-methyl compounds were more pronounced than those of IBS. Therefore, RIM appeared more sensitive to changes on cellular level, as a higher degree of co-condensation of the N-methylol compounds with cell wall polymers was expected in comparison with the N-methyl compound.\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Chemisch modifiziertes Holz – nachhaltig und klimafreundlich – also das (Bau)material der Zukunft? Von der aktuellen Forschung in die Schule.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Maaß, M.; Volkert, C.; Emmerich, L.; Militz, H.; and Waitz, T.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n CHEMKON. 2021.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@article{maas_chemisch_2021,\n\ttitle = {Chemisch modifiziertes {Holz} – nachhaltig und klimafreundlich – also das ({Bau})material der {Zukunft}? {Von} der aktuellen {Forschung} in die {Schule}.},\n\tjournal = {CHEMKON},\n\tauthor = {Maaß, M.C. and Volkert, C. and Emmerich, L. and Militz, H. and Waitz, T.},\n\tyear = {2021},\n\tkeywords = {wood modification, wood, Holz, polymers, Holzmodifizierung, sustainability, hardness measurement, Härtemessung, Nachhaltigkeit, Polymere},\n\tfile = {Full Text PDF:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\UW5SZ2PV\\\\Maaß et al. - 2021 - Chemisch modifiziertes Holz – nachhaltig und klima.pdf:application/pdf;Maaß et al. - 2021 - Chemisch modifiziertes Holz – nachhaltig und klima.pdf:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\CADVISG6\\\\Maaß et al. - 2021 - Chemisch modifiziertes Holz – nachhaltig und klima.pdf:application/pdf;Snapshot:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\FF59UYKB\\\\ckon.html:text/html},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Wood modification with N-methylol and N-methyl compounds: a case study on how non-fixated chemicals in modified wood may affect the classification of their durability.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Emmerich, L.; Brischke, C.; and Militz, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Holzforschung, 75(11): 1061–1065. November 2021.\n Publisher: De Gruyter\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n \"WoodPaper\n  \n \n\n \n \n doi\n  \n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n  \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@article{emmerich_wood_2021,\n\ttitle = {Wood modification with {N}-methylol and {N}-methyl compounds: a case study on how non-fixated chemicals in modified wood may affect the classification of their durability},\n\tvolume = {75},\n\tissn = {1437-434X},\n\tshorttitle = {Wood modification with {N}-methylol and {N}-methyl compounds},\n\turl = {https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/hf-2021-0037/pdf},\n\tdoi = {10.1515/hf-2021-0037},\n\tabstract = {Chemical modification is increasing the durability of wood against biological deterioration. Usually, the effect of a new treatment on the durability of wood is screened in laboratory decay tests, where durability classes are assigned on the basis of the mass loss ( ML ) caused by degrading fungi. The aim of this study was to demonstrate how non-fixated chemicals in modified wood may affect fungal ML measurements and corresponding durability classification when wood samples are incubated under humid conditions for long periods. Wood blocks were treated with solutions of 1,3-dimethylol-4,5-dihydroxyethyleneurea (DMDHEU), methylated DMDHEU (mDMDHEU) and 1,3-dimethyl-4,5-dihydroxyethyleneurea (DMeDHEU) and subjected to consecutive cold-water leaching cycles. Significant amounts of non-fixated chemicals were removed from the wood by three leaching cycles and might lead to ML mistaken as response of fungal decay. Consequently, the treated material was assigned erroneously by up to four durability classes (DC) worse than material which did not include leachable, non-fixated chemicals. Thus, for a reliable durability classification of chemically modified wood, prolonged leaching procedures are recommended to assure that the measured ML is entirely attributed to fungal decay.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {11},\n\turldate = {2022-01-17},\n\tjournal = {Holzforschung},\n\tauthor = {Emmerich, Lukas and Brischke, Christian and Militz, Holger},\n\tmonth = nov,\n\tyear = {2021},\n\tnote = {Publisher: De Gruyter},\n\tkeywords = {wood modification, EN 84, N-methylol, ageing, N-methyl, water leaching},\n\tpages = {1061--1065},\n}\n\n
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\n Chemical modification is increasing the durability of wood against biological deterioration. Usually, the effect of a new treatment on the durability of wood is screened in laboratory decay tests, where durability classes are assigned on the basis of the mass loss ( ML ) caused by degrading fungi. The aim of this study was to demonstrate how non-fixated chemicals in modified wood may affect fungal ML measurements and corresponding durability classification when wood samples are incubated under humid conditions for long periods. Wood blocks were treated with solutions of 1,3-dimethylol-4,5-dihydroxyethyleneurea (DMDHEU), methylated DMDHEU (mDMDHEU) and 1,3-dimethyl-4,5-dihydroxyethyleneurea (DMeDHEU) and subjected to consecutive cold-water leaching cycles. Significant amounts of non-fixated chemicals were removed from the wood by three leaching cycles and might lead to ML mistaken as response of fungal decay. Consequently, the treated material was assigned erroneously by up to four durability classes (DC) worse than material which did not include leachable, non-fixated chemicals. Thus, for a reliable durability classification of chemically modified wood, prolonged leaching procedures are recommended to assure that the measured ML is entirely attributed to fungal decay.\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Monitoring of Beech Glued Laminated Timber and Delamination Resistance of Beech Finger-Joints in Varying Ambient Climates.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Stolze, H.; Schuh, M.; Kegel, S.; Fürkötter-Ziegenbein, C.; Brischke, C.; and Militz, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Forests, 12(12): 1672. December 2021.\n Number: 12 Publisher: Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n \"MonitoringPaper\n  \n \n\n \n \n doi\n  \n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n  \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
\n 
@article{stolze_monitoring_2021,\n\ttitle = {Monitoring of {Beech} {Glued} {Laminated} {Timber} and {Delamination} {Resistance} of {Beech} {Finger}-{Joints} in {Varying} {Ambient} {Climates}},\n\tvolume = {12},\n\tcopyright = {http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/},\n\turl = {https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4907/12/12/1672},\n\tdoi = {10.3390/f12121672},\n\tabstract = {In this study, varying ambient climates were simulated in a test building by changing temperature and relative humidity. Beech glued laminated timber (glulam, Fagus sylvatica, L.) was freshly installed in the test building and monitoring of the change in wood moisture content of the glulam resulting from the variations in climate was carried out. Subsequently, finger-jointed beech specimens were exposed to the variations in relative humidity measured in the course of the monitoring experiment on a laboratory scale, and thus an alternating climate regime was derived from the conditions in the test building. Its influence on the delamination of the finger-joints was evaluated. In addition, it was examined whether beech finger-joints using commercial adhesive systems fulfil the normative requirements for delamination resistance according to EN 301 (2018) and whether different bonding-wood moisture levels have an effect on the delamination of the finger-joints. In the context of the monitoring experiment, there was a clear moisture gradient in the beech glulam between the inner and near-surface wood. The applied adhesive systems showed almost the same delamination resistance after variation of relative humidity. The normative requirements were met by all PRF-bonded and by most PUR-bonded beech finger-joints with higher bonding wood moisture content.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {12},\n\turldate = {2022-01-17},\n\tjournal = {Forests},\n\tauthor = {Stolze, Hannes and Schuh, Mathias and Kegel, Sebastian and Fürkötter-Ziegenbein, Connor and Brischke, Christian and Militz, Holger},\n\tmonth = dec,\n\tyear = {2021},\n\tnote = {Number: 12\nPublisher: Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute},\n\tkeywords = {adhesives, delamination, beech glulam, finger-joint bonding, monitoring experiment},\n\tpages = {1672},\n\tfile = {Full Text PDF:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\PTR39CZS\\\\Stolze et al. - 2021 - Monitoring of Beech Glued Laminated Timber and Del.pdf:application/pdf;Snapshot:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\8BNTBW9V\\\\1672.html:text/html},\n}\n\n
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\n In this study, varying ambient climates were simulated in a test building by changing temperature and relative humidity. Beech glued laminated timber (glulam, Fagus sylvatica, L.) was freshly installed in the test building and monitoring of the change in wood moisture content of the glulam resulting from the variations in climate was carried out. Subsequently, finger-jointed beech specimens were exposed to the variations in relative humidity measured in the course of the monitoring experiment on a laboratory scale, and thus an alternating climate regime was derived from the conditions in the test building. Its influence on the delamination of the finger-joints was evaluated. In addition, it was examined whether beech finger-joints using commercial adhesive systems fulfil the normative requirements for delamination resistance according to EN 301 (2018) and whether different bonding-wood moisture levels have an effect on the delamination of the finger-joints. In the context of the monitoring experiment, there was a clear moisture gradient in the beech glulam between the inner and near-surface wood. The applied adhesive systems showed almost the same delamination resistance after variation of relative humidity. The normative requirements were met by all PRF-bonded and by most PUR-bonded beech finger-joints with higher bonding wood moisture content.\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Sorption behavior and swelling of citric acid and sorbitol (SorCA) treated wood.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Kurkowiak, K.; Emmerich, L.; and Militz, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Holzforschung, 75(12): 1136–1149. December 2021.\n Publisher: De Gruyter\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n \"SorptionPaper\n  \n \n\n \n \n doi\n  \n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n  \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n  \n \n 2 downloads\n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@article{kurkowiak_sorption_2021,\n\ttitle = {Sorption behavior and swelling of citric acid and sorbitol ({SorCA}) treated wood},\n\tvolume = {75},\n\tissn = {1437-434X},\n\turl = {https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/hf-2021-0068/html},\n\tdoi = {10.1515/hf-2021-0068},\n\tabstract = {Citric acid together with sorbitol (SorCA) have been used to modify wood and improve its properties, such as dimensional stability and biological durability, which partly result from its swelling and sorption behavior. However, the underlying mechanism of water interaction with SorCA-treated wood is very complex and not fully understood. Previous research confirmed cell wall bulking and suggested cross-linking, however the extent of their contribution to moisture-induced changes has not been researched. This study investigated the effect of SorCA treatment on sorption properties of wood in the hygroscopic range (0–95\\% RH). Scots pine sapwood ( Pinus sylvestris L.) was chemically modified with an aqueous SorCA solution at different treatment levels and measured by dynamic vapor sorption (DVS). The observed permanent increase in oven-dry dimensions did not result in a decreased swelling compared to untreated specimens. It was ascribed to the excessive expansion of cell wall matrix caused by a degradation of cell wall constituents by the acidic impregnation solution. However, a reduction in moisture content in comparison to untreated reference was detected. Present findings suggest that the SorCA polyester structure is altered after impregnation inside the wood and affects its sorption behavior by covalent bonding and, presumably, cross-linking with wood polymer constituents.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {12},\n\turldate = {2022-01-03},\n\tjournal = {Holzforschung},\n\tauthor = {Kurkowiak, Katarzyna and Emmerich, Lukas and Militz, Holger},\n\tmonth = dec,\n\tyear = {2021},\n\tnote = {Publisher: De Gruyter},\n\tkeywords = {wood modification, citric acid, polyesterification, sorbitol, dynamic water vapor sorption (DVS), swelling},\n\tpages = {1136--1149},\n}\n\n
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\n Citric acid together with sorbitol (SorCA) have been used to modify wood and improve its properties, such as dimensional stability and biological durability, which partly result from its swelling and sorption behavior. However, the underlying mechanism of water interaction with SorCA-treated wood is very complex and not fully understood. Previous research confirmed cell wall bulking and suggested cross-linking, however the extent of their contribution to moisture-induced changes has not been researched. This study investigated the effect of SorCA treatment on sorption properties of wood in the hygroscopic range (0–95% RH). Scots pine sapwood ( Pinus sylvestris L.) was chemically modified with an aqueous SorCA solution at different treatment levels and measured by dynamic vapor sorption (DVS). The observed permanent increase in oven-dry dimensions did not result in a decreased swelling compared to untreated specimens. It was ascribed to the excessive expansion of cell wall matrix caused by a degradation of cell wall constituents by the acidic impregnation solution. However, a reduction in moisture content in comparison to untreated reference was detected. Present findings suggest that the SorCA polyester structure is altered after impregnation inside the wood and affects its sorption behavior by covalent bonding and, presumably, cross-linking with wood polymer constituents.\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n The Innovawood Module Bank: Harnessing the Potential of an International E-Learning Platform in Wood Science and Technology.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Jancke, O.; Kies, U.; Irle, M.; Vieux, M.; Prosic, A.; Militz, H.; Sauerbier, P.; Pichelin, F.; and Mayer, I.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In Proceedings of the 17th annual meeting of the Northern European Network for Wood Science and Engineering (WSE 2021), pages 159–160, Kaunas, Lithuania, October 2021. \n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
\n 
@inproceedings{jancke_innovawood_2021,\n\taddress = {Kaunas, Lithuania},\n\ttitle = {The {Innovawood} {Module} {Bank}: {Harnessing} the {Potential} of an {International} {E}-{Learning} {Platform} in {Wood} {Science} and {Technology}},\n\tisbn = {978-609-02-1762-7},\n\tlanguage = {EN},\n\tbooktitle = {Proceedings of the 17th annual meeting of the {Northern} {European} {Network} for {Wood} {Science} and {Engineering} ({WSE} 2021)},\n\tauthor = {Jancke, Oliver and Kies, Uwe and Irle, Mark and Vieux, Malvina and Prosic, Almin and Militz, Holger and Sauerbier, Philipp and Pichelin, Frédéric and Mayer, Ingo},\n\tmonth = oct,\n\tyear = {2021},\n\tpages = {159--160},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Evaluation of water related properties of birch wood products modified with different molecular weight phenol-formaldehyde oligomers.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Grinins, J.; Biziks, V.; Rizikovs, J.; Irbe, I.; and Militz, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Holzforschung, 75(10): 908–916. October 2021.\n Publisher: De Gruyter\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n \"EvaluationPaper\n  \n \n\n \n \n doi\n  \n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n  \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
\n 
@article{grinins_evaluation_2021,\n\ttitle = {Evaluation of water related properties of birch wood products modified with different molecular weight phenol-formaldehyde oligomers},\n\tvolume = {75},\n\tissn = {1437-434X},\n\turl = {https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/hf-2020-0235/html},\n\tdoi = {10.1515/hf-2020-0235},\n\tabstract = {This study investigated the effect of phenol-formaldehyde (PF) resin treatment on the dimensional stability of birch solid wood and plywood. Therefore, three different low molecular weight PF resins with average molecular weights ( M w ) of 292, 528, and 884 g/mol were synthesized and used for silver birch ( Betula pendula ) solid wood (20 × 20 × 20 mm 3 ) and veneer (100 × 100 × 1.4 and 300 × 300 × 1.4 mm 3 ) impregnation to produce plywood. The weight percent gain (WPG) and bulking after curing of resin treated wood specimens were determined. The leaching was performed to evaluate the PF resin fixation stability. All tested resins at all concentrations were similarly fixed in wood blocks after the leaching (1.5–2.0\\% WPG loss). The dimensional stability of birch wood after treatment with all tested PF resins was significantly improved. The anti-swelling efficiency (ASE) of birch wood blocks treated with PF resins after seven water soaking-drying cycles was in the range of 39–53\\%, 46–65\\% and 49–65\\% using 10, 15 and 20\\% solution concentrations, respectively. Whereas, the ASE of plywood obtained from veneers treated with 10\\% of PF solution was improved by 6–20\\%. The equilibrium moisture content (EMC) and volumetric swelling (VS) of PF treated plywood at 98\\% of relative humidity (RH) decreased significantly. All PF resin treated plywood surfaces were more hydrophobic compared to untreated plywood.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {10},\n\turldate = {2021-11-08},\n\tjournal = {Holzforschung},\n\tauthor = {Grinins, Juris and Biziks, Vladimirs and Rizikovs, Janis and Irbe, Ilze and Militz, Holger},\n\tmonth = oct,\n\tyear = {2021},\n\tnote = {Publisher: De Gruyter},\n\tkeywords = {plywood, dimensional stability, molecular weight, birch, phenol-formaldehyde resins},\n\tpages = {908--916},\n}\n\n
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\n This study investigated the effect of phenol-formaldehyde (PF) resin treatment on the dimensional stability of birch solid wood and plywood. Therefore, three different low molecular weight PF resins with average molecular weights ( M w ) of 292, 528, and 884 g/mol were synthesized and used for silver birch ( Betula pendula ) solid wood (20 × 20 × 20 mm 3 ) and veneer (100 × 100 × 1.4 and 300 × 300 × 1.4 mm 3 ) impregnation to produce plywood. The weight percent gain (WPG) and bulking after curing of resin treated wood specimens were determined. The leaching was performed to evaluate the PF resin fixation stability. All tested resins at all concentrations were similarly fixed in wood blocks after the leaching (1.5–2.0% WPG loss). The dimensional stability of birch wood after treatment with all tested PF resins was significantly improved. The anti-swelling efficiency (ASE) of birch wood blocks treated with PF resins after seven water soaking-drying cycles was in the range of 39–53%, 46–65% and 49–65% using 10, 15 and 20% solution concentrations, respectively. Whereas, the ASE of plywood obtained from veneers treated with 10% of PF solution was improved by 6–20%. The equilibrium moisture content (EMC) and volumetric swelling (VS) of PF treated plywood at 98% of relative humidity (RH) decreased significantly. All PF resin treated plywood surfaces were more hydrophobic compared to untreated plywood.\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Comparative studies on the durability and moisture performance of wood modified with cyclic N-methylol and N-methyl compounds.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Emmerich, L.; Ehrmann, A.; Brischke, C.; and Militz, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Wood Science and Technology, 55(6): 1531–1554. November 2021.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n \"ComparativePaper\n  \n \n\n \n \n doi\n  \n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n  \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@article{emmerich_comparative_2021,\n\ttitle = {Comparative studies on the durability and moisture performance of wood modified with cyclic {N}-methylol and {N}-methyl compounds},\n\tvolume = {55},\n\tissn = {1432-5225},\n\turl = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s00226-021-01303-8},\n\tdoi = {10.1007/s00226-021-01303-8},\n\tabstract = {Glyoxal-based condensation resins like 1,3-dimethylol-4,5-dihydroxyethyleneurea (DMDHEU) have been used to modify wood and improve its resistance against decaying fungi. High biological durability of DMDHEU-treated wood has already been confirmed in laboratory and field tests in the past. However, the modes of protective action behind an improved decay resistance are not fully understood yet. Furthermore, it is questionable how the use of formaldehyde-poor N-methylol and formaldehyde-free N-methyl compounds instead of DMDHEU affects the moisture behavior and durability, respectively. In this study, wood blocks were treated with N-methylol (DMDHEU, methylated DMDHEU) and N-methyl compounds (1,3-dimethyl-4,5-dihydroxyethyleneurea; DMeDHEU). Untreated and modified specimens were exposed to different moisture regimes and wood-destroying fungi in order to study the indicators that control changes in the wetting ability and decay resistance. Both N-methylol and N-methyl compounds decreased the water uptake and release and increased the durability of Scots pine sapwood from ‘not durable’ (DC 5) to ‘very durable to durable’ (DC 1–2). However, high fluctuations were observed in water uptake and release as well as mass loss (ML) caused by fungal decay, when modified specimens were tested without passing through a cold-water leaching. Consequently, a significant effect of the leaching procedure according to EN 84 on the durability classification could be established. The latter appeared more pronounced for treatments with N-methyl compounds compared to N-methylol compounds. Finally, wetting ability (kwa) and resistance indicating factors (kinh) enabled a forecast of high biological durability for both treatments with N-methylol and N-methyl compounds under real service life conditions.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {6},\n\turldate = {2021-11-02},\n\tjournal = {Wood Science and Technology},\n\tauthor = {Emmerich, Lukas and Ehrmann, Alexander and Brischke, Christian and Militz, Holger},\n\tmonth = nov,\n\tyear = {2021},\n\tpages = {1531--1554},\n\tfile = {Springer Full Text PDF:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\P3KTLDXZ\\\\Emmerich et al. - 2021 - Comparative studies on the durability and moisture.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n\n\n
\n Glyoxal-based condensation resins like 1,3-dimethylol-4,5-dihydroxyethyleneurea (DMDHEU) have been used to modify wood and improve its resistance against decaying fungi. High biological durability of DMDHEU-treated wood has already been confirmed in laboratory and field tests in the past. However, the modes of protective action behind an improved decay resistance are not fully understood yet. Furthermore, it is questionable how the use of formaldehyde-poor N-methylol and formaldehyde-free N-methyl compounds instead of DMDHEU affects the moisture behavior and durability, respectively. In this study, wood blocks were treated with N-methylol (DMDHEU, methylated DMDHEU) and N-methyl compounds (1,3-dimethyl-4,5-dihydroxyethyleneurea; DMeDHEU). Untreated and modified specimens were exposed to different moisture regimes and wood-destroying fungi in order to study the indicators that control changes in the wetting ability and decay resistance. Both N-methylol and N-methyl compounds decreased the water uptake and release and increased the durability of Scots pine sapwood from ‘not durable’ (DC 5) to ‘very durable to durable’ (DC 1–2). However, high fluctuations were observed in water uptake and release as well as mass loss (ML) caused by fungal decay, when modified specimens were tested without passing through a cold-water leaching. Consequently, a significant effect of the leaching procedure according to EN 84 on the durability classification could be established. The latter appeared more pronounced for treatments with N-methyl compounds compared to N-methylol compounds. Finally, wetting ability (kwa) and resistance indicating factors (kinh) enabled a forecast of high biological durability for both treatments with N-methylol and N-methyl compounds under real service life conditions.\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Mapping the Present and Future Fungal Decay Hazard of Aboveground Wood in Europe.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Marais, B. N.; Van Niekerk, P. B.; Niklewski, J.; Brischke, C.; and Militz, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In Proceedings of the 17th annual meeting of the Northern European Network for Wood Science and Engineering (WSE 2021), pages 60–62, Kaunas, Lithuania, October 2021. \n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@inproceedings{marais_mapping_2021,\n\taddress = {Kaunas, Lithuania},\n\ttitle = {Mapping the {Present} and {Future} {Fungal} {Decay} {Hazard} of {Aboveground} {Wood} in {Europe}},\n\tisbn = {978-609-02-1762-7},\n\tlanguage = {EN},\n\tbooktitle = {Proceedings of the 17th annual meeting of the {Northern} {European} {Network} for {Wood} {Science} and {Engineering} ({WSE} 2021)},\n\tauthor = {Marais, Brendan Nicholas and Van Niekerk, Philip Bester and Niklewski, Jonas and Brischke, Christian and Militz, Holger},\n\tmonth = oct,\n\tyear = {2021},\n\tpages = {60--62},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Initial Quality Control Trials of Sorbitol and Citric Acid (SorCA) Modified Wood.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Kurkowiak, K.; Mayer, A. K.; Emmerich, L.; and Militz, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In Proceedings of the 17th annual meeting of the Northern European Network for Wood Science and Engineering (WSE 2021), pages 19–21, Kaunas, Lithuania, October 2021. \n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@inproceedings{kurkowiak_initial_2021,\n\taddress = {Kaunas, Lithuania},\n\ttitle = {Initial {Quality} {Control} {Trials} of {Sorbitol} and {Citric} {Acid} ({SorCA}) {Modified} {Wood}},\n\tisbn = {978-609-02-1762-7},\n\tlanguage = {EN},\n\tbooktitle = {Proceedings of the 17th annual meeting of the {Northern} {European} {Network} for {Wood} {Science} and {Engineering} ({WSE} 2021)},\n\tauthor = {Kurkowiak, Katarzyna and Mayer, Aaron Kilian and Emmerich, Lukas and Militz, Holger},\n\tmonth = oct,\n\tyear = {2021},\n\tpages = {19--21},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Vacuum, Low-temperature, Microwaveassisted Pyrolysis of Various Technical Lignins.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Karthäuser, J.; Biziks, V.; Frauendorf, H.; and Militz, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In Proceedings of the 17th annual meeting of the Northern European Network for Wood Science and Engineering (WSE 2021), pages 16–18, Kaunas, Lithuania, October 2021. \n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@inproceedings{karthauser_vacuum_2021,\n\taddress = {Kaunas, Lithuania},\n\ttitle = {Vacuum, {Low}-temperature, {Microwaveassisted} {Pyrolysis} of {Various} {Technical} {Lignins}},\n\tbooktitle = {Proceedings of the 17th annual meeting of the {Northern} {European} {Network} for {Wood} {Science} and {Engineering} ({WSE} 2021)},\n\tauthor = {Karthäuser, Johannes and Biziks, Vladimirs and Frauendorf, Holm and Militz, Holger},\n\tmonth = oct,\n\tyear = {2021},\n\tpages = {16--18},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Preparation of Polyurethane Adhesives from Crude and Purified Liquefied Wood Sawdust.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Jiang, W.; Hosseinpourpia, R.; Biziks, V.; Ahmed, S. A.; Militz, H.; and Adamopoulos, S.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Polymers, 13(19): 3267. January 2021.\n Number: 19 Publisher: Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n \"PreparationPaper\n  \n \n\n \n \n doi\n  \n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n  \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@article{jiang_preparation_2021,\n\ttitle = {Preparation of {Polyurethane} {Adhesives} from {Crude} and {Purified} {Liquefied} {Wood} {Sawdust}},\n\tvolume = {13},\n\tcopyright = {http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/},\n\turl = {https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/13/19/3267},\n\tdoi = {10.3390/polym13193267},\n\tabstract = {Polyurethane (PU) adhesives were prepared with bio-polyols obtained via acid-catalyzed polyhydric alcohol liquefaction of wood sawdust and polymeric diphenylmethane diisocyanate (pMDI). Two polyols, i.e., crude and purified liquefied wood (CLW and PLW), were obtained from the liquefaction process with a high yield of 99.7\\%. PU adhesives, namely CLWPU and PLWPU, were then prepared by reaction of CLW or PLW with pMDI at various isocyanate to hydroxyl group (NCO:OH) molar ratios of 0.5:1, 1:1, 1.5:1, and 2:1. The chemical structure and thermal behavior of the bio-polyols and the cured PU adhesives were analyzed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Performance of the adhesives was evaluated by single-lap joint shear tests according to EN 302-1:2003, and by adhesive penetration. The highest shear strength was found at the NCO:OH molar ratio of 1.5:1 as 4.82 ± 1.01 N/mm2 and 4.80 ± 0.49 N/mm2 for CLWPU and PLWPU, respectively. The chemical structure and thermal properties of the cured CLWPLW and PLWPU adhesives were considerably influenced by the NCO:OH molar ratio.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {19},\n\turldate = {2021-09-27},\n\tjournal = {Polymers},\n\tauthor = {Jiang, Wen and Hosseinpourpia, Reza and Biziks, Vladimirs and Ahmed, Sheikh Ali and Militz, Holger and Adamopoulos, Stergios},\n\tmonth = jan,\n\tyear = {2021},\n\tnote = {Number: 19\nPublisher: Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute},\n\tkeywords = {FTIR, bond strength, liquefaction, TGA, adhesive penetration, bio-polyol, ethylene glycol, pMDI},\n\tpages = {3267},\n\tfile = {Full Text PDF:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\TS57GW79\\\\Jiang et al. - 2021 - Preparation of Polyurethane Adhesives from Crude a.pdf:application/pdf;Snapshot:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\46N352NI\\\\3267.html:text/html},\n}\n\n
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\n Polyurethane (PU) adhesives were prepared with bio-polyols obtained via acid-catalyzed polyhydric alcohol liquefaction of wood sawdust and polymeric diphenylmethane diisocyanate (pMDI). Two polyols, i.e., crude and purified liquefied wood (CLW and PLW), were obtained from the liquefaction process with a high yield of 99.7%. PU adhesives, namely CLWPU and PLWPU, were then prepared by reaction of CLW or PLW with pMDI at various isocyanate to hydroxyl group (NCO:OH) molar ratios of 0.5:1, 1:1, 1.5:1, and 2:1. The chemical structure and thermal behavior of the bio-polyols and the cured PU adhesives were analyzed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Performance of the adhesives was evaluated by single-lap joint shear tests according to EN 302-1:2003, and by adhesive penetration. The highest shear strength was found at the NCO:OH molar ratio of 1.5:1 as 4.82 ± 1.01 N/mm2 and 4.80 ± 0.49 N/mm2 for CLWPU and PLWPU, respectively. The chemical structure and thermal properties of the cured CLWPLW and PLWPU adhesives were considerably influenced by the NCO:OH molar ratio.\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Chemical and Mechanical Characterization of Thermally Modified Gmelina arborea Wood:.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Minkah, M. A.; Afrifah, K. A.; Batista, D. C.; and Militz, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Les/Wood, 70(1): 31–44. May 2021.\n Number: 1\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n \"ChemicalPaper\n  \n \n\n \n \n doi\n  \n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n  \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@article{minkah_chemical_2021,\n\ttitle = {Chemical and {Mechanical} {Characterization} of {Thermally} {Modified} {Gmelina} arborea {Wood}:},\n\tvolume = {70},\n\tcopyright = {Copyright (c) 2021 Maxidite Amankwaah Minkah},\n\tissn = {2590-9932},\n\tshorttitle = {Chemical and {Mechanical} {Characterization} of {Thermally} {Modified} {Gmelina} arborea {Wood}},\n\turl = {http://www.les-wood.si/index.php/leswood/article/view/108},\n\tdoi = {10.26614/les-wood.2021.v70n01a02},\n\tabstract = {Gmelina arborea (Roxb. ex. Sm.) wood samples were thermally modified at 180 °C, 200 °C and 220 °C for 3 h, by employing a process similar to ThermoWood®. The resulting effects on the basic chemical composition and mechanical properties were determined. The results were analyzed statistically with ANOVA, and Least Square Deviation was used to compare means. Generally, after the thermal modification (TM) process, the cellulose, hemicelluloses and extractives content decreased significantly. By contrast, lignin proportions increased significantly. Untreated wood and samples modified at 180 °C indicated comparable modulus of elasticity (MOE), modulus of rupture (MOR), degree of integrity (I), fine fraction (F) and resistance to impact milling (RIM). Noteworthy reductions however occurred at 200 °C and 220 °C. Significant increases in Brinell hardness (BH) took place at 180 °C, recording a high decrease at 220 °C. Gmelina arborea could be modified suitably at 180 °C for structural and other purposes. To take advantage of other improved properties, modification at 200 °C could be employed for non-structural uses.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {1},\n\turldate = {2021-08-23},\n\tjournal = {Les/Wood},\n\tauthor = {Minkah, Maxidite Amankwaah and Afrifah, Kojo Agyapong and Batista, Djeison Cesar and Militz, Holger},\n\tmonth = may,\n\tyear = {2021},\n\tnote = {Number: 1},\n\tkeywords = {Thermal modification, High-Energy Multiple Impact (HEMI), Resistance to Impact Milling (RIM), Static Bending},\n\tpages = {31--44},\n\tfile = {Full Text PDF:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\KEFXRIGP\\\\Minkah et al. - 2021 - Chemical and Mechanical Characterization of Therma.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n Gmelina arborea (Roxb. ex. Sm.) wood samples were thermally modified at 180 °C, 200 °C and 220 °C for 3 h, by employing a process similar to ThermoWood®. The resulting effects on the basic chemical composition and mechanical properties were determined. The results were analyzed statistically with ANOVA, and Least Square Deviation was used to compare means. Generally, after the thermal modification (TM) process, the cellulose, hemicelluloses and extractives content decreased significantly. By contrast, lignin proportions increased significantly. Untreated wood and samples modified at 180 °C indicated comparable modulus of elasticity (MOE), modulus of rupture (MOR), degree of integrity (I), fine fraction (F) and resistance to impact milling (RIM). Noteworthy reductions however occurred at 200 °C and 220 °C. Significant increases in Brinell hardness (BH) took place at 180 °C, recording a high decrease at 220 °C. Gmelina arborea could be modified suitably at 180 °C for structural and other purposes. To take advantage of other improved properties, modification at 200 °C could be employed for non-structural uses.\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Effect of phenol-formaldehyde (PF) resin oligomer size on the decay resistance of beech wood.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Biziks, V.; Bicke, S.; Koch, G.; and Militz, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Holzforschung, 75(6): 574–583. 2020.\n Publisher: De Gruyter Section: Holzforschung\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n \"EffectPaper\n  \n \n\n \n \n doi\n  \n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n  \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@article{biziks_effect_2020,\n\ttitle = {Effect of phenol-formaldehyde ({PF}) resin oligomer size on the decay resistance of beech wood},\n\tvolume = {75},\n\tissn = {1437-434X, 0018-3830},\n\turl = {https://www.degruyter.com/view/journals/hfsg/ahead-of-print/article-10.1515-hf-2020-0020/article-10.1515-hf-2020-0020.xml},\n\tdoi = {10.1515/hf-2020-0020},\n\tabstract = {{\\textless}section class="abstract"{\\textgreater}{\\textless}h2 class="abstractTitle text-title my-1" id="d635e2"{\\textgreater}Abstract{\\textless}/h2{\\textgreater}{\\textless}p{\\textgreater}Treating wood with water-soluble resins is a well-known and effective method to improve the durability of wood. However, there has been no systematic work to date related to the influence of average molecular size of phenol-formaldehyde (PF) resin on the decay resistance of wood, especially of hardwoods. Therefore, the goal of this study was to investigate the effect of average molecular size of PF resin treatment on the resistance of beech wood against brown- and white-rot fungi. Four different average molecular weights ({\\textless}em{\\textgreater}M{\\textless}/em{\\textgreater}$_{\\textrm{w}}$) of resol type resin oligomers (297, 421, 655 and 854 g/mol) were examined. Different weight percent gains (WPGs) in European beech ({\\textless}em{\\textgreater}Fagus sylvatica{\\textless}/em{\\textgreater}) wood blocks (15 × 20 × 50 mm$^{\\textrm{3}}$) were attained through vacuum impregnation using various concentrations of aqueous-PF solutions. Afterwards treated wood blocks passed the leaching and were exposed to brown-rot fungi ({\\textless}em{\\textgreater}Gloeophyllum trabeum{\\textless}/em{\\textgreater}; {\\textless}em{\\textgreater}Coniophora puteana{\\textless}/em{\\textgreater}) and white-rot fungi ({\\textless}em{\\textgreater}Trametes versicolor{\\textless}/em{\\textgreater}) for 16 weeks. No effect of oligomer size on the resistance against {\\textless}em{\\textgreater}G. trabeum{\\textless}/em{\\textgreater} decay of wood blocks was observed, resulting in resin loadings of 7–8\\%. The required WPG for resistance to brown-rot decay by {\\textless}em{\\textgreater}C. puteana{\\textless}/em{\\textgreater} increased slightly with increasing oligomer molecular size: 6, 7, 10 and 11\\% for wood treated with 297, 421, 655 and 854 g/mol, respectively. The extent of white-rot fungal decay resistance of treated wood was affected by the molecular size of oligomers. Resin loadings of 8\\% and of 17\\% against {\\textless}em{\\textgreater}T. versicolor{\\textless}/em{\\textgreater} were required to attain similar durability levels for beech wood treated with {\\textless}em{\\textgreater}M{\\textless}/em{\\textgreater}$_{\\textrm{w}}$ = 297 and 854 g/mol, respectively.{\\textless}/p{\\textgreater}{\\textless}/section{\\textgreater}},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {6},\n\turldate = {2020-11-09},\n\tjournal = {Holzforschung},\n\tauthor = {Biziks, Vladimirs and Bicke, Sascha and Koch, Gerald and Militz, Holger},\n\tyear = {2020},\n\tnote = {Publisher: De Gruyter\nSection: Holzforschung},\n\tpages = {574--583},\n}\n\n
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\n \\textlesssection class=\"abstract\"\\textgreater\\textlessh2 class=\"abstractTitle text-title my-1\" id=\"d635e2\"\\textgreaterAbstract\\textless/h2\\textgreater\\textlessp\\textgreaterTreating wood with water-soluble resins is a well-known and effective method to improve the durability of wood. However, there has been no systematic work to date related to the influence of average molecular size of phenol-formaldehyde (PF) resin on the decay resistance of wood, especially of hardwoods. Therefore, the goal of this study was to investigate the effect of average molecular size of PF resin treatment on the resistance of beech wood against brown- and white-rot fungi. Four different average molecular weights (\\textlessem\\textgreaterM\\textless/em\\textgreater$_{\\textrm{w}}$) of resol type resin oligomers (297, 421, 655 and 854 g/mol) were examined. Different weight percent gains (WPGs) in European beech (\\textlessem\\textgreaterFagus sylvatica\\textless/em\\textgreater) wood blocks (15 × 20 × 50 mm$^{\\textrm{3}}$) were attained through vacuum impregnation using various concentrations of aqueous-PF solutions. Afterwards treated wood blocks passed the leaching and were exposed to brown-rot fungi (\\textlessem\\textgreaterGloeophyllum trabeum\\textless/em\\textgreater; \\textlessem\\textgreaterConiophora puteana\\textless/em\\textgreater) and white-rot fungi (\\textlessem\\textgreaterTrametes versicolor\\textless/em\\textgreater) for 16 weeks. No effect of oligomer size on the resistance against \\textlessem\\textgreaterG. trabeum\\textless/em\\textgreater decay of wood blocks was observed, resulting in resin loadings of 7–8%. The required WPG for resistance to brown-rot decay by \\textlessem\\textgreaterC. puteana\\textless/em\\textgreater increased slightly with increasing oligomer molecular size: 6, 7, 10 and 11% for wood treated with 297, 421, 655 and 854 g/mol, respectively. The extent of white-rot fungal decay resistance of treated wood was affected by the molecular size of oligomers. Resin loadings of 8% and of 17% against \\textlessem\\textgreaterT. versicolor\\textless/em\\textgreater were required to attain similar durability levels for beech wood treated with \\textlessem\\textgreaterM\\textless/em\\textgreater$_{\\textrm{w}}$ = 297 and 854 g/mol, respectively.\\textless/p\\textgreater\\textless/section\\textgreater\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Combined effect of wood moisture content, drill bit rotational speed and feed rate on drilling resistance measurements in Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.).\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Sharapov, E.; Brischke, C.; Militz, H.; and Smirnova, E.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Wood Material Science & Engineering, 15(4): 198–204. July 2020.\n Publisher: Taylor & Francis _eprint: https://doi.org/10.1080/17480272.2018.1557249\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n \"CombinedPaper\n  \n \n\n \n \n doi\n  \n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n  \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@article{sharapov_combined_2020,\n\ttitle = {Combined effect of wood moisture content, drill bit rotational speed and feed rate on drilling resistance measurements in {Norway} spruce ({Picea} abies ({L}.) {Karst}.)},\n\tvolume = {15},\n\tissn = {1748-0272},\n\turl = {https://doi.org/10.1080/17480272.2018.1557249},\n\tdoi = {10.1080/17480272.2018.1557249},\n\tabstract = {An IML-RESI PD 400 drilling tool and a standard spade drill bit (IML System GmbH, Wiesloch, Germany) were used to study the combined effect of wood moisture content (MC), drill bit rotational speed and feed rate on drilling resistance (DR) and feeding force (FF). Tests were made with Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) conditioned in a normal climate (20°C/65\\% RH), at 20°C/95\\% RH, vacuum-pressure impregnated in water, and oven-dried. Rotational speeds and feed rates had an impact on feed rate per cutting edge for the major cutting edge of the drill bit which was used for correlation with DR and FF for various MC. Impact of MC on DR and FF depended on rotational speeds and feed rates of the drill bit. For feed rates per cutting edge less than 0.09 mm, DR was higher for water saturated (WS) specimens. Negligible differences between DR for various MC were found for feed rates per cutting edge between 0.09 and 0.15 mm. DR was higher at low MC for feed rates per cutting edge which were higher than 0.15 mm. FF extremely increased in conditioned (20°C/95\\% RH) and WS specimens at feed rates per cutting edge less than 0.1 mm.},\n\tnumber = {4},\n\turldate = {2020-07-31},\n\tjournal = {Wood Material Science \\& Engineering},\n\tauthor = {Sharapov, Evgenii and Brischke, Christian and Militz, Holger and Smirnova, Elena},\n\tmonth = jul,\n\tyear = {2020},\n\tnote = {Publisher: Taylor \\& Francis\n\\_eprint: https://doi.org/10.1080/17480272.2018.1557249},\n\tkeywords = {wood, moisture content, drill bit, Cutting force, drilling resistance, feeding force},\n\tpages = {198--204},\n\tfile = {Full Text PDF:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\6Q8HK75V\\\\Sharapov et al. - 2020 - Combined effect of wood moisture content, drill bi.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n An IML-RESI PD 400 drilling tool and a standard spade drill bit (IML System GmbH, Wiesloch, Germany) were used to study the combined effect of wood moisture content (MC), drill bit rotational speed and feed rate on drilling resistance (DR) and feeding force (FF). Tests were made with Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) conditioned in a normal climate (20°C/65% RH), at 20°C/95% RH, vacuum-pressure impregnated in water, and oven-dried. Rotational speeds and feed rates had an impact on feed rate per cutting edge for the major cutting edge of the drill bit which was used for correlation with DR and FF for various MC. Impact of MC on DR and FF depended on rotational speeds and feed rates of the drill bit. For feed rates per cutting edge less than 0.09 mm, DR was higher for water saturated (WS) specimens. Negligible differences between DR for various MC were found for feed rates per cutting edge between 0.09 and 0.15 mm. DR was higher at low MC for feed rates per cutting edge which were higher than 0.15 mm. FF extremely increased in conditioned (20°C/95% RH) and WS specimens at feed rates per cutting edge less than 0.1 mm.\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Anatomical characteristics of thermally modified Eucalyptus nitens wood in an open and closed reactor system.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Wentzel, M.; Koddenberg, T.; and Militz, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Wood Material Science & Engineering, 15(4): 223–228. July 2020.\n Publisher: Taylor & Francis _eprint: https://doi.org/10.1080/17480272.2019.1572649\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n \"AnatomicalPaper\n  \n \n\n \n \n doi\n  \n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n  \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@article{wentzel_anatomical_2020,\n\ttitle = {Anatomical characteristics of thermally modified {Eucalyptus} nitens wood in an open and closed reactor system},\n\tvolume = {15},\n\tissn = {1748-0272},\n\turl = {https://doi.org/10.1080/17480272.2019.1572649},\n\tdoi = {10.1080/17480272.2019.1572649},\n\tabstract = {Eucalyptus nitens specimens were thermally modified under open and closed systems. The anatomical characteristics from selected modifications that presented similar mass losses were investigated by analyzing images taken from scanning electron microscopy, transmission light microscopy, and X-ray micro-computed tomography. Wood cell wall thickness, fiber, and lumen area were measured and compared to unmodified specimens, and the crack formation after modification was also analyzed. There was only a slight decrease in the measured characteristics when compared to unmodified specimens. The wood cell wall thickness was less affected than the fiber and lumen areas, and both modifications presented similar crack formations. Overall, there were no significant differences between open and closed system modifications in the anatomical structure.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {4},\n\turldate = {2020-07-31},\n\tjournal = {Wood Material Science \\& Engineering},\n\tauthor = {Wentzel, Maximilian and Koddenberg, Tim and Militz, Holger},\n\tmonth = jul,\n\tyear = {2020},\n\tnote = {Publisher: Taylor \\& Francis\n\\_eprint: https://doi.org/10.1080/17480272.2019.1572649},\n\tkeywords = {thermal modification, X-ray micro-computed tomography, Eucalyptus, heat-treatment, reactor system, Thermal modification, Wood anatomy, X-ray computed microtomography, XµCT, image analysis, microCT, wood anatomy, Eucalyptus nitens},\n\tpages = {223--228},\n\tfile = {Wentzel et al. - 2019 - Anatomical characteristics of thermally modified E.pdf:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\XNTBQQ2B\\\\Wentzel et al. - 2019 - Anatomical characteristics of thermally modified E.pdf:application/pdf;Wentzel et al. - 2020 - Anatomical characteristics of thermally modified E.pdf:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\7WUWMTTC\\\\Wentzel et al. - 2020 - Anatomical characteristics of thermally modified E.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n Eucalyptus nitens specimens were thermally modified under open and closed systems. The anatomical characteristics from selected modifications that presented similar mass losses were investigated by analyzing images taken from scanning electron microscopy, transmission light microscopy, and X-ray micro-computed tomography. Wood cell wall thickness, fiber, and lumen area were measured and compared to unmodified specimens, and the crack formation after modification was also analyzed. There was only a slight decrease in the measured characteristics when compared to unmodified specimens. The wood cell wall thickness was less affected than the fiber and lumen areas, and both modifications presented similar crack formations. Overall, there were no significant differences between open and closed system modifications in the anatomical structure.\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Suitability of a lignin-derived mono-phenol mimic to replace phenol in phenol-formaldehyde resin for use in wood treatment.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Biziks, V.; Fleckenstein, M.; Mai, C.; and Militz, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Holzforschung, 74(4): 344–350. January 2020.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n \"SuitabilityPaper\n  \n \n\n \n \n doi\n  \n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n  \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n  \n \n 6 downloads\n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@article{biziks_suitability_2020,\n\ttitle = {Suitability of a lignin-derived mono-phenol mimic to replace phenol in phenol-formaldehyde resin for use in wood treatment},\n\tvolume = {74},\n\tissn = {1437-434X, 0018-3830},\n\turl = {http://www.degruyter.com/view/j/hfsg.ahead-of-print/hf-2019-0061/hf-2019-0061.xml},\n\tdoi = {10.1515/hf-2019-0061},\n\tabstract = {The goal of this study was to assess the suitability of a single mono-aromatic for substitution of petroleum-based phenol for phenol-formaldehyde (PF) resin synthesis and the usage of a new resin for wood treatment. After proper thermal decomposition of woodbased lignin, pyrolysis oil can be obtained. Due to the heterogeneity of the lignin macromolecule, oil contains large variety of organic-based compounds, mainly monoaromatics, which are proposed to be used for replacement of phenol during PF resin synthesis. Therefore, for this purpose, nine of the most abundant mono-aromatic compounds in bio-oil were selected: ortho-, meta-, paracresol, guaiacol, catechol, 4-methylcatechol, resorcinol, syringol, 4-ethylphenol and resol-type resin from each mono-aromatic were synthesized. Relevant features of the resin such as pH, viscosity, average molecular weight and curing behavior of resins using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) were analyzed. Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) sapwood samples were used to evaluate the suitability of resin for wood treatment in terms of dimensional stability and were compared with the PF resin-treated wood. From all tested resins, those made of guaiacol or ortho-, or meta-, or para-cresol and/or 4-ethylphenol proved to be suitable for wood treatment, whereas resins made of catechol or 4-methylguaiacol and syringol did not. Suitability of mono-aromatics for synthesis of resol-type resin depends on chemical structure, where the reactivity of the mono-aromatic (derivative of hydroxybenzene) is defined by the type, location and number of substituents.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {4},\n\turldate = {2020-01-16},\n\tjournal = {Holzforschung},\n\tauthor = {Biziks, Vladimirs and Fleckenstein, Marco and Mai, Carsten and Militz, Holger},\n\tmonth = jan,\n\tyear = {2020},\n\tkeywords = {mono-aromatics, replacement of phenol, resol-type resin, wood treatment},\n\tpages = {344--350},\n}\n\n
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\n The goal of this study was to assess the suitability of a single mono-aromatic for substitution of petroleum-based phenol for phenol-formaldehyde (PF) resin synthesis and the usage of a new resin for wood treatment. After proper thermal decomposition of woodbased lignin, pyrolysis oil can be obtained. Due to the heterogeneity of the lignin macromolecule, oil contains large variety of organic-based compounds, mainly monoaromatics, which are proposed to be used for replacement of phenol during PF resin synthesis. Therefore, for this purpose, nine of the most abundant mono-aromatic compounds in bio-oil were selected: ortho-, meta-, paracresol, guaiacol, catechol, 4-methylcatechol, resorcinol, syringol, 4-ethylphenol and resol-type resin from each mono-aromatic were synthesized. Relevant features of the resin such as pH, viscosity, average molecular weight and curing behavior of resins using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) were analyzed. Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) sapwood samples were used to evaluate the suitability of resin for wood treatment in terms of dimensional stability and were compared with the PF resin-treated wood. From all tested resins, those made of guaiacol or ortho-, or meta-, or para-cresol and/or 4-ethylphenol proved to be suitable for wood treatment, whereas resins made of catechol or 4-methylguaiacol and syringol did not. Suitability of mono-aromatics for synthesis of resol-type resin depends on chemical structure, where the reactivity of the mono-aromatic (derivative of hydroxybenzene) is defined by the type, location and number of substituents.\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Tensile and Impact Bending Properties of Chemically Modified Scots Pine.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Bollmus, S.; Beeretz, C.; and Militz, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Forests, 11(1): 84. January 2020.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n \"TensilePaper\n  \n \n\n \n \n doi\n  \n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n  \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n  \n \n 1 download\n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@article{bollmus_tensile_2020,\n\ttitle = {Tensile and {Impact} {Bending} {Properties} of {Chemically} {Modified} {Scots} {Pine}},\n\tvolume = {11},\n\tissn = {1999-4907},\n\turl = {https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4907/11/1/84},\n\tdoi = {10.3390/f11010084},\n\tabstract = {This study deals with the influence of chemical modification on elasto-mechanical properties of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.). The elasto-mechanical properties examined were impact bending strength, determined by impact bending test; tensile strength; and work to maximum load in traction, determined by tensile tests. The modification agents used were one melamine-formaldehyde resin (MF), one low molecular weight phenol-formaldehyde resin, one higher molecular weight phenol-formaldehyde resin, and a dimethylol dihydroxyethyleneurea (DMDHEU). Special attention was paid to the influence of the solution concentration (0.5\\%, 5\\%, and 20\\%). With an increase in the concentration of each modification agent, the elasto-mechanical properties decreased as compared to the control specimens. Especially impact bending strength decreased greatly by modifications with the 0.5\\% solutions of each agent (by 37\\% to 47\\%). Modification with DMDHEU resulted in the highest overall reduction of the elasto-mechanical properties examined (up to 81\\% in work to maximum load in traction at 20\\% solution concentration). The results indicate that embrittlement is not primarily related to the degree of modification depended on used solution concentration. It is therefore assumed that molecular size and the resulting ability to penetrate into the cell wall could be crucial. The results show that, in the application of chemically modified wood, impact and tensile loads should be avoided even after treatment with low concentrations.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {1},\n\turldate = {2020-06-02},\n\tjournal = {Forests},\n\tauthor = {Bollmus, Susanne and Beeretz, Cara and Militz, Holger},\n\tmonth = jan,\n\tyear = {2020},\n\tpages = {84},\n\tfile = {Bollmus et al. - 2020 - Tensile and Impact Bending Properties of Chemicall.pdf:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\PU5JK2KG\\\\Bollmus et al. - 2020 - Tensile and Impact Bending Properties of Chemicall.pdf:application/pdf;Volltext:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\GQRXWNG6\\\\Bollmus et al. - 2020 - Tensile and Impact Bending Properties of Chemicall.pdf:application/pdf;Volltext:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\IHDI4XVW\\\\Bollmus et al. - 2020 - Tensile and Impact Bending Properties of Chemicall.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n This study deals with the influence of chemical modification on elasto-mechanical properties of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.). The elasto-mechanical properties examined were impact bending strength, determined by impact bending test; tensile strength; and work to maximum load in traction, determined by tensile tests. The modification agents used were one melamine-formaldehyde resin (MF), one low molecular weight phenol-formaldehyde resin, one higher molecular weight phenol-formaldehyde resin, and a dimethylol dihydroxyethyleneurea (DMDHEU). Special attention was paid to the influence of the solution concentration (0.5%, 5%, and 20%). With an increase in the concentration of each modification agent, the elasto-mechanical properties decreased as compared to the control specimens. Especially impact bending strength decreased greatly by modifications with the 0.5% solutions of each agent (by 37% to 47%). Modification with DMDHEU resulted in the highest overall reduction of the elasto-mechanical properties examined (up to 81% in work to maximum load in traction at 20% solution concentration). The results indicate that embrittlement is not primarily related to the degree of modification depended on used solution concentration. It is therefore assumed that molecular size and the resulting ability to penetrate into the cell wall could be crucial. The results show that, in the application of chemically modified wood, impact and tensile loads should be avoided even after treatment with low concentrations.\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Sorption behavior and hydroxyl accessibility of wood treated with different cyclic N-methylol compounds.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Emmerich, L.; Altgen, M.; Rautkari, L.; and Militz, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Journal of Materials Science, 55(35): 16561–16575. December 2020.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n \"SorptionPaper\n  \n \n\n \n \n doi\n  \n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n  \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@article{emmerich_sorption_2020,\n\ttitle = {Sorption behavior and hydroxyl accessibility of wood treated with different cyclic {N}-methylol compounds},\n\tvolume = {55},\n\tissn = {1573-4803},\n\turl = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-020-05224-y},\n\tdoi = {10.1007/s10853-020-05224-y},\n\tabstract = {Cyclic N-methylol compounds such as 1,3-dimethylol-4,5-dihydroxyethyleneurea (DMDHEU) have been used to modify wood and prevent negative effects related to the uptake of moisture. However, the changes in the sorption behavior of wood by treatments with DMDHEU and its derivatives are not fully understood. In the present study, wood blocks were treated with DMDHEU, ether-modified DMDHEU and diethyleneglycolated DMDHEU in order to study the factors that control the changes in moisture uptake in the hygroscopic range (0–95\\% RH). Dimensional changes of wood blocks during water soaking cycles suggested that the treatments caused a permanent cell wall bulking, whereas the swelling restraint by cross-linking of adjacent cell wall polymers was not permanent. However, the changes in water vapor sorption were not only a result of the cell wall bulking effect that reduced the space in the cell wall to accommodate water. The N-methylol compounds within the wood also provided additional sorption sites, but there was no correlation between absorbed water and accessible OH groups. It was speculated that the co-condensation of the N-methylol compounds with wood polymers had a significant effect on the sorption of the treated wood. At elevated RH, pure resins that were formed by self-condensation took up large quantities of moisture. However, when the N-methylol compounds were heat-cured within the hierarchical structure of wood, the moisture uptake of the treated wood at elevated RH was even lower compared to unmodified wood. Furthermore, the covalent bond formation between wood and resin prolonged the attainment of an equilibrium moisture content.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {35},\n\turldate = {2020-10-07},\n\tjournal = {Journal of Materials Science},\n\tauthor = {Emmerich, Lukas and Altgen, Michael and Rautkari, Lauri and Militz, Holger},\n\tmonth = dec,\n\tyear = {2020},\n\tpages = {16561--16575},\n\tfile = {Springer Full Text PDF:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\GPZXBVY9\\\\Emmerich et al. - 2020 - Sorption behavior and hydroxyl accessibility of wo.pdf:application/pdf;Springer Full Text PDF:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\8X6AXKVE\\\\Emmerich et al. - 2020 - Sorption behavior and hydroxyl accessibility of wo.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n Cyclic N-methylol compounds such as 1,3-dimethylol-4,5-dihydroxyethyleneurea (DMDHEU) have been used to modify wood and prevent negative effects related to the uptake of moisture. However, the changes in the sorption behavior of wood by treatments with DMDHEU and its derivatives are not fully understood. In the present study, wood blocks were treated with DMDHEU, ether-modified DMDHEU and diethyleneglycolated DMDHEU in order to study the factors that control the changes in moisture uptake in the hygroscopic range (0–95% RH). Dimensional changes of wood blocks during water soaking cycles suggested that the treatments caused a permanent cell wall bulking, whereas the swelling restraint by cross-linking of adjacent cell wall polymers was not permanent. However, the changes in water vapor sorption were not only a result of the cell wall bulking effect that reduced the space in the cell wall to accommodate water. The N-methylol compounds within the wood also provided additional sorption sites, but there was no correlation between absorbed water and accessible OH groups. It was speculated that the co-condensation of the N-methylol compounds with wood polymers had a significant effect on the sorption of the treated wood. At elevated RH, pure resins that were formed by self-condensation took up large quantities of moisture. However, when the N-methylol compounds were heat-cured within the hierarchical structure of wood, the moisture uptake of the treated wood at elevated RH was even lower compared to unmodified wood. Furthermore, the covalent bond formation between wood and resin prolonged the attainment of an equilibrium moisture content.\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Wood modification research in Europe.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Militz, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Holzforschung, 74(4): 333–333. 2020.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n \"WoodPaper\n  \n \n\n \n \n doi\n  \n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@article{militz_wood_2020,\n\ttitle = {Wood modification research in {Europe}},\n\tvolume = {74},\n\tissn = {1437-434X},\n\turl = {https://www.degruyter.com/view/j/hfsg.2020.74.issue-4/hf-2020-0050/hf-2020-0050.xml},\n\tdoi = {10.1515/hf-2020-0050},\n\tnumber = {4},\n\turldate = {2020-03-16},\n\tjournal = {Holzforschung},\n\tauthor = {Militz, Holger},\n\tyear = {2020},\n\tpages = {333--333},\n\tfile = {Full Text PDF:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\YA6WFVQJ\\\\Militz - 2020 - Wood modification research in Europe.pdf:application/pdf;Militz - 2020 - Wood modification research in Europe.pdf:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\XA7A2T4F\\\\Militz - 2020 - Wood modification research in Europe.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Beech wood modification based on in situ esterification with sorbitol and citric acid.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Mubarok, M.; Militz, H.; Dumarçay, S.; and Gérardin, P.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Wood Science and Technology, 54(3): 479–502. May 2020.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n \"BeechPaper\n  \n \n\n \n \n doi\n  \n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n  \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@article{mubarok_beech_2020,\n\ttitle = {Beech wood modification based on in situ esterification with sorbitol and citric acid},\n\tvolume = {54},\n\tissn = {1432-5225},\n\turl = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s00226-020-01172-7},\n\tdoi = {10.1007/s00226-020-01172-7},\n\tabstract = {In this study, modification of European beech wood (Fagus sylvatica) through in situ esterification of sorbitol and citric acid (SorCA) was investigated at two curing temperatures, 140 and 160 °C. In order to determine the optimum condition for modification, an aqueous solution of SorCA at varying concentrations was evaluated (10, 20, 30, and 55\\% w/w). Physical, mechanical, chemical, and durability properties of the modified wood were examined. Results have disclosed that among different SorCA concentrations, treatment with SorCA at 30\\% w/w was considered as the optimum concentration independent of the curing temperature. Under these conditions, anti-swelling efficiency increased to approx. 55\\% and modulus of elasticity increased slightly with approx. 9\\% in comparison with untreated wood. Decay resistance against white-rot (Trametes versicolor), brown-rot (Coniphora puteana), and soft-rotting microfungi classified the SorCA-30\\%-modified wood as very durable. In addition, thermogravimetric study evidenced that SorCA 30\\%-modified wood has a lower thermal decomposition temperature in comparison with untreated wood/wood control by 20 °C difference, indicating that the SorCA-modified wood possibly has fire-retardant properties. However, due to the acidic properties of the SorCA solution, modulus of rupture (MOR) and mainly work to maximum load in bending decreased considerably.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {3},\n\turldate = {2020-05-26},\n\tjournal = {Wood Science and Technology},\n\tauthor = {Mubarok, Mahdi and Militz, Holger and Dumarçay, Stéphane and Gérardin, Philippe},\n\tmonth = may,\n\tyear = {2020},\n\tpages = {479--502},\n\tfile = {Springer Full Text PDF:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\UHDIVY4S\\\\Mubarok et al. - 2020 - Beech wood modification based on in situ esterific.pdf:application/pdf;Springer Full Text PDF:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\DYKDJN89\\\\Mubarok et al. - 2020 - Beech wood modification based on in situ esterific.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n In this study, modification of European beech wood (Fagus sylvatica) through in situ esterification of sorbitol and citric acid (SorCA) was investigated at two curing temperatures, 140 and 160 °C. In order to determine the optimum condition for modification, an aqueous solution of SorCA at varying concentrations was evaluated (10, 20, 30, and 55% w/w). Physical, mechanical, chemical, and durability properties of the modified wood were examined. Results have disclosed that among different SorCA concentrations, treatment with SorCA at 30% w/w was considered as the optimum concentration independent of the curing temperature. Under these conditions, anti-swelling efficiency increased to approx. 55% and modulus of elasticity increased slightly with approx. 9% in comparison with untreated wood. Decay resistance against white-rot (Trametes versicolor), brown-rot (Coniphora puteana), and soft-rotting microfungi classified the SorCA-30%-modified wood as very durable. In addition, thermogravimetric study evidenced that SorCA 30%-modified wood has a lower thermal decomposition temperature in comparison with untreated wood/wood control by 20 °C difference, indicating that the SorCA-modified wood possibly has fire-retardant properties. However, due to the acidic properties of the SorCA solution, modulus of rupture (MOR) and mainly work to maximum load in bending decreased considerably.\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Potential Use of Wollastonite as a Filler in UF Resin Based Medium-Density Fiberboard (MDF).\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Taghiyari, H. R.; Esmailpour, A.; Majidi, R.; Morrell, J. J.; Mallaki, M.; Militz, H.; and Papadopoulos, A. N.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Polymers, 12(7): 1435. July 2020.\n Number: 7 Publisher: Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n \"PotentialPaper\n  \n \n\n \n \n doi\n  \n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n  \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@article{taghiyari_potential_2020,\n\ttitle = {Potential {Use} of {Wollastonite} as a {Filler} in {UF} {Resin} {Based} {Medium}-{Density} {Fiberboard} ({MDF})},\n\tvolume = {12},\n\tcopyright = {http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/},\n\turl = {https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/12/7/1435},\n\tdoi = {10.3390/polym12071435},\n\tabstract = {Urea-formaldehyde (UF) resins are primary petroleum-based, increasing their potential environmental footprint. Identifying additives to reduce the total amount of resin needed without adversely affecting the panel properties could reduce these impacts. Wollastonite is a mineral containing calcium and silica that has been used as an additive in a variety of materials and may be useful as a resin extender. Nanoscale wollastonite has been shown to enhance the panel properties but is costly. Micron-scale wollastonite may be a less costly alternative. Medium-density fiberboards were produced by blending a hardwood furnish with UF alone, micron-sized wollastonite alone, or a 9:1 ratio of UF to wollastonite. Panels containing of only wollastonite had poor properties, but the properties of panels with 9:1 UF/wollastonite were similar to the UF-alone panels, except for the internal bond strength. The results suggest that small amounts of micron-sized wollastonite could serve as a resin extender. Further studies are suggested to determine if the micron-sized material has similar positive effects on the resin curing rate.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {7},\n\turldate = {2020-09-03},\n\tjournal = {Polymers},\n\tauthor = {Taghiyari, Hamid R. and Esmailpour, Ayoub and Majidi, Roya and Morrell, Jeffrey J. and Mallaki, Mohammad and Militz, Holger and Papadopoulos, Antonios N.},\n\tmonth = jul,\n\tyear = {2020},\n\tnote = {Number: 7\nPublisher: Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute},\n\tkeywords = {wood-based composites, wollastonite, cell-wall polymers, engineered materials},\n\tpages = {1435},\n\tfile = {Taghiyari et al. - 2020 - Potential Use of Wollastonite as a Filler in UF Re.pdf:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\CND47SP7\\\\Taghiyari et al. - 2020 - Potential Use of Wollastonite as a Filler in UF Re.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n Urea-formaldehyde (UF) resins are primary petroleum-based, increasing their potential environmental footprint. Identifying additives to reduce the total amount of resin needed without adversely affecting the panel properties could reduce these impacts. Wollastonite is a mineral containing calcium and silica that has been used as an additive in a variety of materials and may be useful as a resin extender. Nanoscale wollastonite has been shown to enhance the panel properties but is costly. Micron-scale wollastonite may be a less costly alternative. Medium-density fiberboards were produced by blending a hardwood furnish with UF alone, micron-sized wollastonite alone, or a 9:1 ratio of UF to wollastonite. Panels containing of only wollastonite had poor properties, but the properties of panels with 9:1 UF/wollastonite were similar to the UF-alone panels, except for the internal bond strength. The results suggest that small amounts of micron-sized wollastonite could serve as a resin extender. Further studies are suggested to determine if the micron-sized material has similar positive effects on the resin curing rate.\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Fire Retardant Treatment of Wood – State of the Art and Future Perspectives.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Sauerbier, P.; Mayer, A. K.; Emmerich, L.; and Militz, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In Makovicka Osvaldova, L.; Markert, F.; and Zelinka, S. L., editor(s), Wood & Fire Safety, pages 97–102. Springer International Publishing, Cham, Switzerland, 2020.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n  \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n  \n \n 3 downloads\n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@incollection{sauerbier_fire_2020,\n\taddress = {Cham, Switzerland},\n\ttitle = {Fire {Retardant} {Treatment} of {Wood} – {State} of the {Art} and {Future} {Perspectives}},\n\tisbn = {978-3-030-41235-7},\n\tabstract = {Outdoor and indoor exposed wooden structures are prone to the hazard of fire. Thisr is often inevitable and hardly avoidable by factors such as the design. However, wood is widely used as a structural element in buildings, it is present all-over public places and the main source for indoor furniture. Thus, and due to recent incidents, the demand for an effective and leaching-resistant fire protection is rising. In addition, fire protection technologies are desired, which survive mechanical processing. Considering the latter, protective surface coatings show a high fire protection, while on opposite they are very sensitive to mechanical damages. Therefore, various approaches based on a full impregnation of timber with fire retardants have been studied. In the past aluminum, boron, halogens (e.g. bromine) and more recently phosphorus and nitrogen, were shown to be effective fire retardants in wood. Nowadays, most conventional fire retardant systems are halogen-free, while boron is still used. However, boron shows a low resistance to leaching and is classified as a SVHC candidate, which brings up health and environmental issues. The same is true for formaldehyde. Concerning environmental issues, nitrogen and phosphorus were found to be promising alternatives and highly effective fire retardants. Leaching in service was slightly reduced compared to boron but a decrease in strength properties was detected after treatment of wood with those compounds. In general, an increased hygroscopicity of wood was found after any of the listed treatments, together with a leaching of the flame-retardant chemical which was still too high to guarantee a long-term fire protection in wood exposed outside. The overall aim of this study is to (1) give an overview about the past developments and most established fire retardant chemicals and (2) review recent findings and developments in terms of permanent fire retardant treatments of wood.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tbooktitle = {Wood \\& {Fire} {Safety}},\n\tpublisher = {Springer International Publishing},\n\tauthor = {Sauerbier, Philipp and Mayer, Aaron Kilian and Emmerich, Lukas and Militz, Holger},\n\teditor = {Makovicka Osvaldova, Linda and Markert, Frank and Zelinka, Samuel L.},\n\tyear = {2020},\n\tkeywords = {Chemical wood modification, Fire retardant, Impregnation, Review},\n\tpages = {97--102},\n\tfile = {Sauerbier et al. - 2020 - Fire Retardant Treatment of Wood – State of the Ar.pdf:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\IXQACCBJ\\\\Sauerbier et al. - 2020 - Fire Retardant Treatment of Wood – State of the Ar.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n Outdoor and indoor exposed wooden structures are prone to the hazard of fire. Thisr is often inevitable and hardly avoidable by factors such as the design. However, wood is widely used as a structural element in buildings, it is present all-over public places and the main source for indoor furniture. Thus, and due to recent incidents, the demand for an effective and leaching-resistant fire protection is rising. In addition, fire protection technologies are desired, which survive mechanical processing. Considering the latter, protective surface coatings show a high fire protection, while on opposite they are very sensitive to mechanical damages. Therefore, various approaches based on a full impregnation of timber with fire retardants have been studied. In the past aluminum, boron, halogens (e.g. bromine) and more recently phosphorus and nitrogen, were shown to be effective fire retardants in wood. Nowadays, most conventional fire retardant systems are halogen-free, while boron is still used. However, boron shows a low resistance to leaching and is classified as a SVHC candidate, which brings up health and environmental issues. The same is true for formaldehyde. Concerning environmental issues, nitrogen and phosphorus were found to be promising alternatives and highly effective fire retardants. Leaching in service was slightly reduced compared to boron but a decrease in strength properties was detected after treatment of wood with those compounds. In general, an increased hygroscopicity of wood was found after any of the listed treatments, together with a leaching of the flame-retardant chemical which was still too high to guarantee a long-term fire protection in wood exposed outside. The overall aim of this study is to (1) give an overview about the past developments and most established fire retardant chemicals and (2) review recent findings and developments in terms of permanent fire retardant treatments of wood.\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Characterization of Archaeological European White Elm (Ulmus laevis P.) and Black Poplar (Populus nigra L.).\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Ghavidel, A.; Hosseinpourpia, R.; Militz, H.; Vasilache, V.; and Sandu, I.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Forests, 11(12): 1329. December 2020.\n Number: 12 Publisher: Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n \"CharacterizationPaper\n  \n \n\n \n \n doi\n  \n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n  \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
\n 
@article{ghavidel_characterization_2020,\n\ttitle = {Characterization of {Archaeological} {European} {White} {Elm} ({Ulmus} laevis {P}.) and {Black} {Poplar} ({Populus} nigra {L}.)},\n\tvolume = {11},\n\tcopyright = {http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/},\n\turl = {https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4907/11/12/1329},\n\tdoi = {10.3390/f11121329},\n\tabstract = {The present study aims at characterization of freshly-cut and archaeological European white elm and poplar. The archaeological elm sample was buried at a depth of 8\\&ndash;10 m inside of soil with age approximation of {\\textasciitilde}1800\\&ndash;2000 years old, and the archaeological poplar sample was a part of a boat in a freshwater lake or river with age estimation of {\\textasciitilde}1000\\&ndash;1200 years. Alteration in the chemical structure of the elm and poplar samples due to the ageing process were confirmed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Both archaeological wood (AW) samples illustrated considerably lower cellulose crystallinity than the fresh samples as determined by X-ray diffraction. The sorption behavior of AW and fresh wood (FW) samples were evaluated by means of dynamic vapor sorption (DVS) analysis. Results exhibited a higher equilibrium moisture content (EMC) and sorption hysteresis values in archaeological elm and poplar as compared with the fresh samples. Higher hydrophilicity of the AW samples than the FW ones is attributed to their higher amorphous structure. The extensive degradation of AW samples were also confirmed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) micrographs.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {12},\n\turldate = {2020-12-14},\n\tjournal = {Forests},\n\tauthor = {Ghavidel, Amir and Hosseinpourpia, Reza and Militz, Holger and Vasilache, Viorica and Sandu, Ion},\n\tmonth = dec,\n\tyear = {2020},\n\tnote = {Number: 12\nPublisher: Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute},\n\tkeywords = {dynamic vapor sorption (DVS), archaeological wood, wood conservation and preservation, X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS)},\n\tpages = {1329},\n\tfile = {Full Text PDF:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\HL9WS3XI\\\\Ghavidel et al. - 2020 - Characterization of Archaeological European White .pdf:application/pdf;Snapshot:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\25UEYAN8\\\\1329.html:text/html},\n}\n\n
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\n The present study aims at characterization of freshly-cut and archaeological European white elm and poplar. The archaeological elm sample was buried at a depth of 8–10 m inside of soil with age approximation of ~1800–2000 years old, and the archaeological poplar sample was a part of a boat in a freshwater lake or river with age estimation of ~1000–1200 years. Alteration in the chemical structure of the elm and poplar samples due to the ageing process were confirmed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Both archaeological wood (AW) samples illustrated considerably lower cellulose crystallinity than the fresh samples as determined by X-ray diffraction. The sorption behavior of AW and fresh wood (FW) samples were evaluated by means of dynamic vapor sorption (DVS) analysis. Results exhibited a higher equilibrium moisture content (EMC) and sorption hysteresis values in archaeological elm and poplar as compared with the fresh samples. Higher hydrophilicity of the AW samples than the FW ones is attributed to their higher amorphous structure. The extensive degradation of AW samples were also confirmed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) micrographs.\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Studies into Fungal Decay of Wood In Ground Contact—Part 1: The Influence of Water-Holding Capacity, Moisture Content, and Temperature of Soil Substrates on Fungal Decay of Selected Timbers.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Marais, B. N.; Brischke, C.; Militz, H.; Peters, J. H.; and Reinhardt, L.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Forests, 11(12): 1284. November 2020.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n \"StudiesPaper\n  \n \n\n \n \n doi\n  \n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n  \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n  \n \n 4 downloads\n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@article{marais_studies_2020,\n\ttitle = {Studies into {Fungal} {Decay} of {Wood} {In} {Ground} {Contact}—{Part} 1: {The} {Influence} of {Water}-{Holding} {Capacity}, {Moisture} {Content}, and {Temperature} of {Soil} {Substrates} on {Fungal} {Decay} of {Selected} {Timbers}},\n\tvolume = {11},\n\tissn = {1999-4907},\n\tshorttitle = {Studies into {Fungal} {Decay} of {Wood} {In} {Ground} {Contact}—{Part} 1},\n\turl = {https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4907/11/12/1284},\n\tdoi = {10.3390/f11121284},\n\tabstract = {This article presents the results from two separate studies investigating the decay of wood in ground contact using adapted versions of laboratory-based terrestrial microcosm (TMC) tests according to CEN/TS 15083-2:2005. The first study (A) sought to isolate the effect of soil water-holding capacity (WHCsoil [\\%]) and soil moisture content (MCsoil [\\%WHCsoil]) on the decay of five commercially important wood species; European beech (Fagus sylvatica), English oak heartwood (Quercus robur), Norway spruce (Picea abies), Douglas-fir heartwood (Pseudotsuga menziesii), and Scots pine sapwood (Pinus sylvestris), while keeping soil temperature (Tsoil) constant. Combinations of soil mixtures with WHCsoil of 30\\%, 60\\%, and 90\\%, and MCsoil of 30\\%, 70\\%, and 95\\%WHCsoil were utilized. A general trend showed higher wood decay, measured in oven-dry mass loss (MLwood [\\%]), for specimens of all species incubated in soils with WHCsoil of 60\\% and 90\\% compared to 30\\%. Furthermore, drier soils (MCsoil of 30 and 70\\%WHCsoil) showed higher MLwood compared to wetter soils (95\\%WHCsoil). The second study (B) built on the first’s findings, and sought to isolate the effect of Tsoil and MCsoil on the decay of European beech wood, while keeping WHCsoil constant. The study used constant incubation temperature intervals (Tsoil), 5–40 ◦C, and alternating intervals of 10/20, 10/30, and 20/30 ◦C. A general trend showed drier MCsoil (60\\%WHCsoil), and Tsoil of 20–40 ◦C, delivered high wood decay (MLwood {\\textgreater} 20\\%). Higher MCsoil (90\\%WHCsoil) and Tsoil of 5–10 ◦C, delivered low wood decay (MLwood {\\textless} 5\\%). Alternating Tsoil generally delivered less MLwood compared to their mean constant Tsoil counterparts (15, 20, 25 ◦C). The results suggest that differences in wood species and inoculum potential (WHCsoil) between sites, as well as changes in MCsoil and Tsoil attributed to daily and seasonal weather patterns can influence in-ground wood decay rate.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {12},\n\turldate = {2020-12-03},\n\tjournal = {Forests},\n\tauthor = {Marais, Brendan Nicholas and Brischke, Christian and Militz, Holger and Peters, Johann Hinrich and Reinhardt, Lena},\n\tmonth = nov,\n\tyear = {2020},\n\tpages = {1284},\n\tfile = {Marais et al. - 2020 - Studies into Fungal Decay of Wood In Ground Contac.pdf:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\NZ3RZLBZ\\\\Marais et al. - 2020 - Studies into Fungal Decay of Wood In Ground Contac.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n This article presents the results from two separate studies investigating the decay of wood in ground contact using adapted versions of laboratory-based terrestrial microcosm (TMC) tests according to CEN/TS 15083-2:2005. The first study (A) sought to isolate the effect of soil water-holding capacity (WHCsoil [%]) and soil moisture content (MCsoil [%WHCsoil]) on the decay of five commercially important wood species; European beech (Fagus sylvatica), English oak heartwood (Quercus robur), Norway spruce (Picea abies), Douglas-fir heartwood (Pseudotsuga menziesii), and Scots pine sapwood (Pinus sylvestris), while keeping soil temperature (Tsoil) constant. Combinations of soil mixtures with WHCsoil of 30%, 60%, and 90%, and MCsoil of 30%, 70%, and 95%WHCsoil were utilized. A general trend showed higher wood decay, measured in oven-dry mass loss (MLwood [%]), for specimens of all species incubated in soils with WHCsoil of 60% and 90% compared to 30%. Furthermore, drier soils (MCsoil of 30 and 70%WHCsoil) showed higher MLwood compared to wetter soils (95%WHCsoil). The second study (B) built on the first’s findings, and sought to isolate the effect of Tsoil and MCsoil on the decay of European beech wood, while keeping WHCsoil constant. The study used constant incubation temperature intervals (Tsoil), 5–40 ◦C, and alternating intervals of 10/20, 10/30, and 20/30 ◦C. A general trend showed drier MCsoil (60%WHCsoil), and Tsoil of 20–40 ◦C, delivered high wood decay (MLwood \\textgreater 20%). Higher MCsoil (90%WHCsoil) and Tsoil of 5–10 ◦C, delivered low wood decay (MLwood \\textless 5%). Alternating Tsoil generally delivered less MLwood compared to their mean constant Tsoil counterparts (15, 20, 25 ◦C). The results suggest that differences in wood species and inoculum potential (WHCsoil) between sites, as well as changes in MCsoil and Tsoil attributed to daily and seasonal weather patterns can influence in-ground wood decay rate.\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Gute Zukunftsaussichten für Holzwissenschaftler.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Büttner, G.; and Militz, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Holz-Zentralblatt, 146(46): 844. 2020.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@article{buttner_gute_2020,\n\ttitle = {Gute {Zukunftsaussichten} für {Holzwissenschaftler}},\n\tvolume = {146},\n\tnumber = {46},\n\tjournal = {Holz-Zentralblatt},\n\tauthor = {Büttner, Gerhard and Militz, Holger},\n\tyear = {2020},\n\tpages = {844},\n\tfile = {Büttner und Militz - 2020 - Gute Zukunftsaussichten für Holzwissenschaftler.pdf:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\L3YZTX4Z\\\\Büttner und Militz - 2020 - Gute Zukunftsaussichten für Holzwissenschaftler.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Surface Activation of Polylactic Acid-Based Wood-Plastic Composite by Atmospheric Pressure Plasma Treatment.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Sauerbier, P.; Köhler, R.; Renner, G.; and Militz, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Materials, 13(20): 4673. January 2020.\n Number: 20 Publisher: Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n \"SurfacePaper\n  \n \n\n \n \n doi\n  \n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n  \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n  \n \n 1 download\n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@article{sauerbier_surface_2020,\n\ttitle = {Surface {Activation} of {Polylactic} {Acid}-{Based} {Wood}-{Plastic} {Composite} by {Atmospheric} {Pressure} {Plasma} {Treatment}},\n\tvolume = {13},\n\tcopyright = {http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/},\n\turl = {https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/13/20/4673},\n\tdoi = {10.3390/ma13204673},\n\tabstract = {Wood-plastic composite (WPC) based on a polylactic acid (PLA) matrix is a promising material since it is biobased, degradable, sustainable, and 3D printable. However, due to its coloring, visible layers after 3D-printing, and small build volumes of these printers, a coating or gluing of parts might be required. This study investigates the influence of a dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma treatment of PLA-based WPC to activate the surface and improve, e.g., coating capabilities. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) measurements showed the oxidation of the surface due to the formation of carbonyl and carboxyl groups. Laser scanning microscopy revealed a surface roughening after the treatment. Contact angles of water and diiodomethane decreased significantly after the plasma treatment and the consecutively calculated surface free energy increased. Finally, two practical adhesion tests revealed an improvement of the applied acrylic dispersion coating\\&rsquo;s adhesion to the WPC surface: The assigned cross-cut class improved, and the pull-off strength increased from 1.4 to 2.3 N/mm2.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {20},\n\turldate = {2020-10-20},\n\tjournal = {Materials},\n\tauthor = {Sauerbier, Philipp and Köhler, Robert and Renner, Gerrit and Militz, Holger},\n\tmonth = jan,\n\tyear = {2020},\n\tnote = {Number: 20\nPublisher: Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute},\n\tkeywords = {coatings, wood-polymer composites, plasma treatment, polylactic acid},\n\tpages = {4673},\n\tfile = {Full Text PDF:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\2WGKNY54\\\\Sauerbier et al. - 2020 - Surface Activation of Polylactic Acid-Based Wood-P.pdf:application/pdf;Snapshot:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\H4AW76QW\\\\4673.html:text/html},\n}\n\n
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\n Wood-plastic composite (WPC) based on a polylactic acid (PLA) matrix is a promising material since it is biobased, degradable, sustainable, and 3D printable. However, due to its coloring, visible layers after 3D-printing, and small build volumes of these printers, a coating or gluing of parts might be required. This study investigates the influence of a dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma treatment of PLA-based WPC to activate the surface and improve, e.g., coating capabilities. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) measurements showed the oxidation of the surface due to the formation of carbonyl and carboxyl groups. Laser scanning microscopy revealed a surface roughening after the treatment. Contact angles of water and diiodomethane decreased significantly after the plasma treatment and the consecutively calculated surface free energy increased. Finally, two practical adhesion tests revealed an improvement of the applied acrylic dispersion coating’s adhesion to the WPC surface: The assigned cross-cut class improved, and the pull-off strength increased from 1.4 to 2.3 N/mm2.\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Plasma Treatment of Polypropylene-Based Wood–Plastic Composites (WPC): Influences of Working Gas.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Sauerbier, P.; Köhler, R.; Renner, G.; and Militz, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Polymers, 12(9): 1933. September 2020.\n Number: 9 Publisher: Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n \"PlasmaPaper\n  \n \n\n \n \n doi\n  \n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n  \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n  \n \n 1 download\n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@article{sauerbier_plasma_2020,\n\ttitle = {Plasma {Treatment} of {Polypropylene}-{Based} {Wood}–{Plastic} {Composites} ({WPC}): {Influences} of {Working} {Gas}},\n\tvolume = {12},\n\tcopyright = {http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/},\n\tshorttitle = {Plasma {Treatment} of {Polypropylene}-{Based} {Wood}–{Plastic} {Composites} ({WPC})},\n\turl = {https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/12/9/1933},\n\tdoi = {10.3390/polym12091933},\n\tabstract = {In this study, a polypropylene (PP)-based wood\\&ndash;plastic composite with maleic anhydride-grafted polypropylene (MAPP) as a coupling agent and a wood content of 60\\% was extruded and specimens were injection molded. The samples were plasma treated utilizing a dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) setup with three different working gases: Ar/O2 (90\\%/10\\%), Ar/N2 (90\\%/10\\%), and synthetic air. This process aims to improve the coating and gluing properties of the otherwise challenging apolar surface of PP based wood\\&ndash;plastic composites (WPC). Chemical analysis with X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) showed the formation of oxygen-based functional groups on the surface, independently from the working gas used for the treatment. Laser scanning microscopy (LSM) examined the surface roughness and revealed that the two argon-containing working gases roughened the surface more than synthetic air. However, the contact angle for water was reduced significantly after treatment, revealing measurement artifacts for water and diiodomethane due to the severe changes in surface morphology. The adhesion of acrylic dispersion coating was significantly increased, resulting in a pull-off strength of approximately 4 N/mm2, and cross-cut tests assigned the best adhesion class (0), on a scale from 0 to 5, after plasma treatment with any working gas.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {9},\n\turldate = {2020-08-28},\n\tjournal = {Polymers},\n\tauthor = {Sauerbier, Philipp and Köhler, Robert and Renner, Gerrit and Militz, Holger},\n\tmonth = sep,\n\tyear = {2020},\n\tnote = {Number: 9\nPublisher: Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute},\n\tkeywords = {coatings, plasma treatment, wood–polymer composites},\n\tpages = {1933},\n\tfile = {Full Text PDF:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\2T6CBSU7\\\\Sauerbier et al. - 2020 - Plasma Treatment of Polypropylene-Based Wood–Plast.pdf:application/pdf;Snapshot:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\94E3D27K\\\\1933.html:text/html},\n}\n\n
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\n In this study, a polypropylene (PP)-based wood–plastic composite with maleic anhydride-grafted polypropylene (MAPP) as a coupling agent and a wood content of 60% was extruded and specimens were injection molded. The samples were plasma treated utilizing a dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) setup with three different working gases: Ar/O2 (90%/10%), Ar/N2 (90%/10%), and synthetic air. This process aims to improve the coating and gluing properties of the otherwise challenging apolar surface of PP based wood–plastic composites (WPC). Chemical analysis with X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) showed the formation of oxygen-based functional groups on the surface, independently from the working gas used for the treatment. Laser scanning microscopy (LSM) examined the surface roughness and revealed that the two argon-containing working gases roughened the surface more than synthetic air. However, the contact angle for water was reduced significantly after treatment, revealing measurement artifacts for water and diiodomethane due to the severe changes in surface morphology. The adhesion of acrylic dispersion coating was significantly increased, resulting in a pull-off strength of approximately 4 N/mm2, and cross-cut tests assigned the best adhesion class (0), on a scale from 0 to 5, after plasma treatment with any working gas.\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n The Structural Origins of Wood Cell Wall Toughness.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Maaß, M.; Saleh, S.; Militz, H.; and Volkert, C. A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Advanced Materials, 32(16): 1907693. 2020.\n _eprint: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/adma.201907693\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n \"ThePaper\n  \n \n\n \n \n doi\n  \n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n  \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n  \n \n 19 downloads\n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@article{maas_structural_2020,\n\ttitle = {The {Structural} {Origins} of {Wood} {Cell} {Wall} {Toughness}},\n\tvolume = {32},\n\tcopyright = {© 2020 The Authors. Published by WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH \\& Co. KGaA, Weinheim},\n\tissn = {1521-4095},\n\turl = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/adma.201907693},\n\tdoi = {10.1002/adma.201907693},\n\tabstract = {The remarkable mechanical stability of wood is primarily attributed to the hierarchical fibrous arrangement of the polymeric components. While the mechanisms by which fibrous cell structure and cellulose microfibril arrangements lend stiffness and strength to wood have been intensively studied, the structural origins of the relatively high splitting fracture toughness remain unclear. This study relates cellulose microfibril arrangements to splitting fracture toughness in pine wood cell walls using in situ electron microscopy and reveals a previously unknown toughening mechanism: the specific arrangement of cellulose microfibrils in the cell wall deflects cracks from the S2 layer to the S1/S2 interface, and, once there, causes the crack to be repetitively arrested and shunted along the interface in a zig-zag path. It is suggested that this natural adaptation of wood to achieve tough interfaces and then deflect and trap cracks at them can be generalized to provide design guidelines to improve toughness of high-performance and renewable engineering materials.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {16},\n\turldate = {2020-08-27},\n\tjournal = {Advanced Materials},\n\tauthor = {Maaß, Mona-Christin and Saleh, Salimeh and Militz, Holger and Volkert, Cynthia A.},\n\tyear = {2020},\n\tnote = {\\_eprint: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/adma.201907693},\n\tkeywords = {wood, fracture, microfibril angle, wood cell wall toughness},\n\tpages = {1907693},\n\tfile = {Full Text PDF:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\7Q5LP5LP\\\\Maaß et al. - 2020 - The Structural Origins of Wood Cell Wall Toughness.pdf:application/pdf;Snapshot:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\K5Z79C8A\\\\adma.html:text/html},\n}\n\n
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\n The remarkable mechanical stability of wood is primarily attributed to the hierarchical fibrous arrangement of the polymeric components. While the mechanisms by which fibrous cell structure and cellulose microfibril arrangements lend stiffness and strength to wood have been intensively studied, the structural origins of the relatively high splitting fracture toughness remain unclear. This study relates cellulose microfibril arrangements to splitting fracture toughness in pine wood cell walls using in situ electron microscopy and reveals a previously unknown toughening mechanism: the specific arrangement of cellulose microfibrils in the cell wall deflects cracks from the S2 layer to the S1/S2 interface, and, once there, causes the crack to be repetitively arrested and shunted along the interface in a zig-zag path. It is suggested that this natural adaptation of wood to achieve tough interfaces and then deflect and trap cracks at them can be generalized to provide design guidelines to improve toughness of high-performance and renewable engineering materials.\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Critical discussion of perpendicular to grain tension testing of structural timber – case study on the European hardwoods ash, beech and maple.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Schlotzhauer, P.; Ehrmann, A.; Bollmus, S.; and Militz, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Wood Material Science & Engineering, 15(5): 278–288. September 2020.\n Publisher: Taylor & Francis _eprint: https://doi.org/10.1080/17480272.2019.1596157\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n \"CriticalPaper\n  \n \n\n \n \n doi\n  \n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n  \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n  \n \n 1 download\n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@article{schlotzhauer_critical_2020,\n\ttitle = {Critical discussion of perpendicular to grain tension testing of structural timber – case study on the {European} hardwoods ash, beech and maple},\n\tvolume = {15},\n\tissn = {1748-0272},\n\turl = {https://doi.org/10.1080/17480272.2019.1596157},\n\tdoi = {10.1080/17480272.2019.1596157},\n\tabstract = {Knowledge about perpendicular to grain tension behavior of wood is essential, since in construction tension stresses perpendicular to grain cannot be avoided completely. Especially for hardwoods, the data basis is scarce. EN 338 design values are with 0.6 N/mm² characteristic strength set very low. The US-American National Design Specifications even set this value to zero and make local reinforcements mandatory. This paper compares strength and stiffness values attained with newly-designed, little, prismatic specimens and EN 408 structural timber specimens to evaluate the current European design values. Little specimen’s characteristic strength values range from 7.2 to 10.6 N/mm² and are assumed to be real material properties. EN 408 specimen values are with approximately 4.0 N/mm² lower. These lower values are mainly due to stress peaks introduced by the force introduction. Strength values attained for the medium-dense European hardwoods beech, ash and maple exceed EN 338 design values by a factor of six to seven. Adaptation of the EN 338 design value is not recommended, though. The abundance of influencing factors makes clear that the design value and the ensuing design code have to be synchronized carefully by tedious testing in order to make use of the perpendicular to grain tension strength potential of the selected hardwoods.},\n\tnumber = {5},\n\turldate = {2020-08-24},\n\tjournal = {Wood Material Science \\& Engineering},\n\tauthor = {Schlotzhauer, Philipp and Ehrmann, Alexander and Bollmus, Susanne and Militz, Holger},\n\tmonth = sep,\n\tyear = {2020},\n\tnote = {Publisher: Taylor \\& Francis\n\\_eprint: https://doi.org/10.1080/17480272.2019.1596157},\n\tkeywords = {strength, stiffness, design value, EN 338, Hardwoods, perpendicular to grain, tension, test set-up},\n\tpages = {278--288},\n\tfile = {Full Text PDF:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\H385PSKF\\\\Schlotzhauer et al. - 2020 - Critical discussion of perpendicular to grain tens.pdf:application/pdf;Snapshot:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\2A9W9FZD\\\\17480272.2019.html:text/html},\n}\n\n
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\n Knowledge about perpendicular to grain tension behavior of wood is essential, since in construction tension stresses perpendicular to grain cannot be avoided completely. Especially for hardwoods, the data basis is scarce. EN 338 design values are with 0.6 N/mm² characteristic strength set very low. The US-American National Design Specifications even set this value to zero and make local reinforcements mandatory. This paper compares strength and stiffness values attained with newly-designed, little, prismatic specimens and EN 408 structural timber specimens to evaluate the current European design values. Little specimen’s characteristic strength values range from 7.2 to 10.6 N/mm² and are assumed to be real material properties. EN 408 specimen values are with approximately 4.0 N/mm² lower. These lower values are mainly due to stress peaks introduced by the force introduction. Strength values attained for the medium-dense European hardwoods beech, ash and maple exceed EN 338 design values by a factor of six to seven. Adaptation of the EN 338 design value is not recommended, though. The abundance of influencing factors makes clear that the design value and the ensuing design code have to be synchronized carefully by tedious testing in order to make use of the perpendicular to grain tension strength potential of the selected hardwoods.\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Impregnation of railway sleepers - Investigation of a system-sleeper as an alternative for creosote treated sleepers.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Starck, M.; Heidel, A.; Brischke, C.; and Militz, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In Proceedings IRG Annual Meeting, pages 17, online, webinar, June 2020. \n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n doi\n  \n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n  \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n  \n \n 1 download\n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@inproceedings{starck_impregnation_2020,\n\taddress = {online, webinar},\n\ttitle = {Impregnation of railway sleepers - {Investigation} of a system-sleeper as an alternative for creosote treated sleepers},\n\tdoi = {IRG/WP 20-40896},\n\tabstract = {For nearly 200 years wooden railway sleepers are impregnated with creosote. After initially using vacuum pressure processes for impregnation, empty-cell processes have been developed quickly and are used until today. Because of political developments, creosote will probably be banned on the European market in the near future. The Fürstenberg-System-Sleeper, which combines for Europe innovative aspects as incising of the sleeper surface, a double impregnation of Beech sleepers including an alternative oily wood preservative and a modernised quality control shall on the one hand serve as an alternative to creosoted sleepers and on the other hand ensure future use of wooden sleepers in track superstructure. Incising reduced the formation of cracks in sleepers made from European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) until they are dry enough for impregnation, but did not decrease the drying time. A positive effect on preservative retention and -penetration was also occurring. During double impregnation using a water-based preservative and afterwards an oily preservative it became evident, that a gross weight of at least 950 kg/m³ was needed for penetrating the peripheral area of the sleepers to achieve an additional homogenous envelope treatment.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tbooktitle = {Proceedings {IRG} {Annual} {Meeting}},\n\tauthor = {Starck, Michael and Heidel, Andreas and Brischke, Christian and Militz, Holger},\n\tmonth = jun,\n\tyear = {2020},\n\tpages = {17},\n\tfile = {Starck et al. - Impregnation of railway sleepers - Investigation o.pdf:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\EGWMB8P3\\\\Starck et al. - Impregnation of railway sleepers - Investigation o.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n For nearly 200 years wooden railway sleepers are impregnated with creosote. After initially using vacuum pressure processes for impregnation, empty-cell processes have been developed quickly and are used until today. Because of political developments, creosote will probably be banned on the European market in the near future. The Fürstenberg-System-Sleeper, which combines for Europe innovative aspects as incising of the sleeper surface, a double impregnation of Beech sleepers including an alternative oily wood preservative and a modernised quality control shall on the one hand serve as an alternative to creosoted sleepers and on the other hand ensure future use of wooden sleepers in track superstructure. Incising reduced the formation of cracks in sleepers made from European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) until they are dry enough for impregnation, but did not decrease the drying time. A positive effect on preservative retention and -penetration was also occurring. During double impregnation using a water-based preservative and afterwards an oily preservative it became evident, that a gross weight of at least 950 kg/m³ was needed for penetrating the peripheral area of the sleepers to achieve an additional homogenous envelope treatment.\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Assessment of Preservative-Treated Wooden Poles Using Drilling-Resistance Measurements.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Sharapov, E.; Brischke, C.; and Militz, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Forests, 11(1): 20. 2020.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n \"AssessmentPaper\n  \n \n\n \n \n doi\n  \n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n  \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@article{sharapov_assessment_2020,\n\ttitle = {Assessment of {Preservative}-{Treated} {Wooden} {Poles} {Using} {Drilling}-{Resistance} {Measurements}},\n\tvolume = {11},\n\tissn = {1999-4907},\n\turl = {https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4907/11/1/20},\n\tdoi = {10.3390/f11010020},\n\tabstract = {An IML-Resi PD-400 drilling tool with two types of spade drill bits (IML System GmbH, Wiesloch, Germany) was used to evaluate the internal conditions of 3 m wooden poles made from Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.). Drilling tests were performed on poles that were industrially vacuum-pressure-impregnated with a copper-based preservative (Korasit KS-M) and untreated reference poles. Both types of poles were subject to 10.5 years of in-ground exposure. Wood moisture content (MC) was measured using a resistance-type moisture meter. MC varied between 15\\% and 60\\% in the radial and axial directions in both treated and untreated poles. A higher MC was detected in the underground, top, and outer (sapwood) parts of the poles. Typical drilling-resistance (DR) profiles of poles with internal defects were analyzed. Preservative treatment had a significant influence on wood durability in the underground part of the poles. Based on DR measurements, we found that untreated wood that was in contact with soil was severely degraded by insects and wood-destroying fungi. Conversely, treated wood generally showed no reduction in DR or feeding resistance (FR). DR profiling is a potential method for the in-situ or in vitro assessment and quality monitoring of preservative treatments and wood durability. The technological benefits of using drill bits with one major cutting edge, instead of standard drill bits with center-spiked tips and two major cutting edges, were not evident. A new graphical method was applied to present DR data and their spatial distribution in the poles. Future studies should focus on the impact of preservative treatments, thermal modification, and chemical modification on the DR and FR of wood. This may further elucidate the predictive value of DR and FR for wood properties.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {1},\n\turldate = {2020-06-02},\n\tjournal = {Forests},\n\tauthor = {Sharapov, Evgenii and Brischke, Christian and Militz, Holger},\n\tyear = {2020},\n\tpages = {20},\n\tfile = {Volltext:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\GFF5RD4I\\\\Sharapov et al. - 2019 - Assessment of Preservative-Treated Wooden Poles Us.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n An IML-Resi PD-400 drilling tool with two types of spade drill bits (IML System GmbH, Wiesloch, Germany) was used to evaluate the internal conditions of 3 m wooden poles made from Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.). Drilling tests were performed on poles that were industrially vacuum-pressure-impregnated with a copper-based preservative (Korasit KS-M) and untreated reference poles. Both types of poles were subject to 10.5 years of in-ground exposure. Wood moisture content (MC) was measured using a resistance-type moisture meter. MC varied between 15% and 60% in the radial and axial directions in both treated and untreated poles. A higher MC was detected in the underground, top, and outer (sapwood) parts of the poles. Typical drilling-resistance (DR) profiles of poles with internal defects were analyzed. Preservative treatment had a significant influence on wood durability in the underground part of the poles. Based on DR measurements, we found that untreated wood that was in contact with soil was severely degraded by insects and wood-destroying fungi. Conversely, treated wood generally showed no reduction in DR or feeding resistance (FR). DR profiling is a potential method for the in-situ or in vitro assessment and quality monitoring of preservative treatments and wood durability. The technological benefits of using drill bits with one major cutting edge, instead of standard drill bits with center-spiked tips and two major cutting edges, were not evident. A new graphical method was applied to present DR data and their spatial distribution in the poles. Future studies should focus on the impact of preservative treatments, thermal modification, and chemical modification on the DR and FR of wood. This may further elucidate the predictive value of DR and FR for wood properties.\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Chemistry and Spectroscopy of Renewable Materials, Part 2: Investigation of Suitably Esterified Wood Regarding Penetration and Distribution of the Chemically Modifying Reagent by Means of High-Resolution 3D Computed Tomography.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Söftje, M.; Koddenberg, T.; Militz, H.; Drafz, M. H. H.; Namyslo, J. C.; and Kaufmann, D. E.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering, 8(19): 7353–7358. May 2020.\n Publisher: American Chemical Society\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n \"ChemistryPaper\n  \n \n\n \n \n doi\n  \n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n  \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@article{softje_chemistry_2020,\n\ttitle = {Chemistry and {Spectroscopy} of {Renewable} {Materials}, {Part} 2: {Investigation} of {Suitably} {Esterified} {Wood} {Regarding} {Penetration} and {Distribution} of the {Chemically} {Modifying} {Reagent} by {Means} of {High}-{Resolution} {3D} {Computed} {Tomography}},\n\tvolume = {8},\n\tshorttitle = {Chemistry and {Spectroscopy} of {Renewable} {Materials}, {Part} 2},\n\turl = {https://doi.org/10.1021/acssuschemeng.0c01574},\n\tdoi = {10.1021/acssuschemeng.0c01574},\n\tabstract = {For both economic reasons and increased environmental awareness, the covalent modification of wood is becoming increasingly important. For that purpose, the application of benzotriazolyl-activated carboxylic acids provides an extremely effective and environmentally friendly method for this type of durable wood modification. High-resolution microcomputed tomography images were taken of pine wood blocks esterified with an activated p-bromobenzoic acid in order to get a deeper insight into the penetration behavior of the reagents into the wood structure. The tomographic investigations allowed the analysis of the bound reagent at two different tomographic resolutions. At low resolution (14 μm voxel size), highly modified regions were observed near the sample surface at the macroscopic level, while the modification had decreased in intensity inward. At high resolution (1 μm voxel size), detailed visualizations at the microscopic level revealed that the modifying reagents penetrate the earlywood completely (near the sample surface), while the latewood revealed regions of higher and lower intensity of modification of the outer cell walls. This observation provides information on the distribution pattern of the modifying reagent in latewood. In detail, the tomographic images highlighted that wood rays and resin canals are pathway traits for the modifying reagents to locally penetrate deeper into the wood tissue, in particular from earlywood into latewood. We demonstrated that the use of various resolutions contributes to the three-dimensional examination of modified wood from the macroscopic level toward the microscopic level. Thereby, we revealed boundaries of the use of XμCT (e.g., voxel contrast) that researchers should be aware of.},\n\tnumber = {19},\n\turldate = {2020-05-25},\n\tjournal = {ACS Sustainable Chemistry \\& Engineering},\n\tauthor = {Söftje, Martin and Koddenberg, Tim and Militz, Holger and Drafz, Martin H. H. and Namyslo, Jan C. and Kaufmann, Dieter E.},\n\tmonth = may,\n\tyear = {2020},\n\tnote = {Publisher: American Chemical Society},\n\tkeywords = {XµCT, image analysis, Bromine, Conifer wood, Wood protection},\n\tpages = {7353--7358},\n\tfile = {ACS Full Text Snapshot:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\U9FYMQB9\\\\acssuschemeng.html:text/html;ascecg.2020.8.issue-19.largecover.jpeg:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\WHKFK6C4\\\\ascecg.2020.8.issue-19.largecover.jpeg:image/jpeg;Söftje et al. - 2020 - Chemistry and Spectroscopy of Renewable Materials,.pdf:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\QQ22TXE9\\\\Söftje et al. - 2020 - Chemistry and Spectroscopy of Renewable Materials,.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n For both economic reasons and increased environmental awareness, the covalent modification of wood is becoming increasingly important. For that purpose, the application of benzotriazolyl-activated carboxylic acids provides an extremely effective and environmentally friendly method for this type of durable wood modification. High-resolution microcomputed tomography images were taken of pine wood blocks esterified with an activated p-bromobenzoic acid in order to get a deeper insight into the penetration behavior of the reagents into the wood structure. The tomographic investigations allowed the analysis of the bound reagent at two different tomographic resolutions. At low resolution (14 μm voxel size), highly modified regions were observed near the sample surface at the macroscopic level, while the modification had decreased in intensity inward. At high resolution (1 μm voxel size), detailed visualizations at the microscopic level revealed that the modifying reagents penetrate the earlywood completely (near the sample surface), while the latewood revealed regions of higher and lower intensity of modification of the outer cell walls. This observation provides information on the distribution pattern of the modifying reagent in latewood. In detail, the tomographic images highlighted that wood rays and resin canals are pathway traits for the modifying reagents to locally penetrate deeper into the wood tissue, in particular from earlywood into latewood. We demonstrated that the use of various resolutions contributes to the three-dimensional examination of modified wood from the macroscopic level toward the microscopic level. Thereby, we revealed boundaries of the use of XμCT (e.g., voxel contrast) that researchers should be aware of.\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Three-Dimensional Exploration of Soft-Rot Decayed Conifer and Angiosperm Wood by X-Ray Micro-Computed Tomography.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Koddenberg, T.; Zauner, M.; and Militz, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Micron, 134: 102875. July 2020.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n \"Three-DimensionalPaper\n  \n \n\n \n \n doi\n  \n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n  \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n  \n \n 3 downloads\n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@article{koddenberg_three-dimensional_2020,\n\ttitle = {Three-{Dimensional} {Exploration} of {Soft}-{Rot} {Decayed} {Conifer} and {Angiosperm} {Wood} by {X}-{Ray} {Micro}-{Computed} {Tomography}},\n\tvolume = {134},\n\tissn = {0968-4328},\n\turl = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0968432819304214},\n\tdoi = {10.1016/j.micron.2020.102875},\n\tabstract = {X-ray micro-computed tomography (XμCT) was used to explore the decomposed structure of conifer and angiosperm wood after colonization by soft-rot fungi. The visualization of degradation features of soft-rot decay was challenging to achieve through XμCT. Difficulties in visualization emerged due to a decreased grayscale contrast (i.e. X-ray density) of the degraded wood. Nevertheless, we were able to image fungal-induced cell deformations in earlywood and cavities in the thick wall of latewood cells in three-dimensions (3D). Unlike the organic wood material, the higher X-ray density of inorganic deposits, identified as mainly calcium-based particles by energy-dispersive spectroscopy, allowed a facilitated 3D survey. The visualization of inorganic particles in 3D revealed a localized distribution in certain cells in conifer and angiosperm found mostly in earlywood.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\turldate = {2020-04-29},\n\tjournal = {Micron},\n\tauthor = {Koddenberg, Tim and Zauner, Michaela and Militz, Holger},\n\tmonth = jul,\n\tyear = {2020},\n\tkeywords = {Three-dimensional imaging, X-ray micro-computed tomography, XµCT, image analysis, Scanning electron microscopy, Inorganic particles, Soft-rot decay, Wood},\n\tpages = {102875},\n\tfile = {Koddenberg et al. - 2020 - Three-Dimensional Exploration of Soft-Rot Decayed .pdf:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\QUCBDPL7\\\\Koddenberg et al. - 2020 - Three-Dimensional Exploration of Soft-Rot Decayed .pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n X-ray micro-computed tomography (XμCT) was used to explore the decomposed structure of conifer and angiosperm wood after colonization by soft-rot fungi. The visualization of degradation features of soft-rot decay was challenging to achieve through XμCT. Difficulties in visualization emerged due to a decreased grayscale contrast (i.e. X-ray density) of the degraded wood. Nevertheless, we were able to image fungal-induced cell deformations in earlywood and cavities in the thick wall of latewood cells in three-dimensions (3D). Unlike the organic wood material, the higher X-ray density of inorganic deposits, identified as mainly calcium-based particles by energy-dispersive spectroscopy, allowed a facilitated 3D survey. The visualization of inorganic particles in 3D revealed a localized distribution in certain cells in conifer and angiosperm found mostly in earlywood.\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Heat Treatment of Pine Wood: Possible Effect of Impregnation with Silver Nanosuspension.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Taghiyari, H. R; Bayani, S.; Militz, H.; and Papadopoulos, A. N\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Forests, 11(4): 466. 2020.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n doi\n  \n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n  \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@article{taghiyari_heat_2020,\n\ttitle = {Heat {Treatment} of {Pine} {Wood}: {Possible} {Effect} of {Impregnation} with {Silver} {Nanosuspension}},\n\tvolume = {11},\n\tdoi = {10.3390/f11040466},\n\tabstract = {The scope of the present work was to study the effects of heat treatment (at different mild temperatures) on the physicomechanical properties of pine wood, and to find out if impregnation with nanosilver may have any potential influence on the impact of heat treatment. Impregnation of wood with a 400-ppm silver nanosuspension was carried out under an initial vacuum pressure of 0.07 MPa, followed by a pressure of 0.25 MPa for thirty minutes, before heat treatment. Heat treatment was carried out under hot air at three relatively mild temperatures, 145, 165, and 185 ◦C. Results showed improvement of some properties in heat-treated wood at 145 ◦C. This was indicative of the improving impact caused by hornification and irreversible hydrogen bonding in the course of water movements due to heat treatment; significant fluctuations in the intensities of FTIR spectra bands at 1750–1500 cm−1 were corroborating evidence of chemical alterations in hemicellulose polymer. The high mass loss at temperature 185 ◦C, and the extreme thermal degradation thereof, overcame the improving effects of hornification and formation of irreversible hydrogen bonds, consequently mechanical properties decreased significantly. Interaction of different elements involved made it hard to predict properties in specimens modified at 165 ◦C. Impregnation of specimens with nanosilver suspension resulted in significant increase of mass loss in specimens heat-treated at 185 ◦C, and significant fluctuations in properties of specimens heat-treated at 145 ◦C.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {4},\n\tjournal = {Forests},\n\tauthor = {Taghiyari, Hamid R and Bayani, Siavash and Militz, Holger and Papadopoulos, Antonios N},\n\tyear = {2020},\n\tpages = {466},\n\tfile = {Taghiyari et al. - 2020 - Heat Treatment of Pine Wood Possible Effect of Im.pdf:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\SMV9YPQA\\\\Taghiyari et al. - 2020 - Heat Treatment of Pine Wood Possible Effect of Im.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n The scope of the present work was to study the effects of heat treatment (at different mild temperatures) on the physicomechanical properties of pine wood, and to find out if impregnation with nanosilver may have any potential influence on the impact of heat treatment. Impregnation of wood with a 400-ppm silver nanosuspension was carried out under an initial vacuum pressure of 0.07 MPa, followed by a pressure of 0.25 MPa for thirty minutes, before heat treatment. Heat treatment was carried out under hot air at three relatively mild temperatures, 145, 165, and 185 ◦C. Results showed improvement of some properties in heat-treated wood at 145 ◦C. This was indicative of the improving impact caused by hornification and irreversible hydrogen bonding in the course of water movements due to heat treatment; significant fluctuations in the intensities of FTIR spectra bands at 1750–1500 cm−1 were corroborating evidence of chemical alterations in hemicellulose polymer. The high mass loss at temperature 185 ◦C, and the extreme thermal degradation thereof, overcame the improving effects of hornification and formation of irreversible hydrogen bonds, consequently mechanical properties decreased significantly. Interaction of different elements involved made it hard to predict properties in specimens modified at 165 ◦C. Impregnation of specimens with nanosilver suspension resulted in significant increase of mass loss in specimens heat-treated at 185 ◦C, and significant fluctuations in properties of specimens heat-treated at 145 ◦C.\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Study on the impregnation quality of rubberwood (Hevea brasiliensis Müll. Arg.) and English oak (Quercus robur L.) sawn veneers after treatment with 1,3-dimethylol-4,5- dihydroxyethyleneurea (DMDHEU).\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Emmerich, L.; and Militz, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Holzforschung, 74(4): 362–371. February 2020.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n \"StudyPaper\n  \n \n\n \n \n doi\n  \n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n  \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n  \n \n 3 downloads\n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@article{emmerich_study_2020,\n\ttitle = {Study on the impregnation quality of rubberwood ({Hevea} brasiliensis {Müll}. {Arg}.) and {English} oak ({Quercus} robur {L}.) sawn veneers after treatment with 1,3-dimethylol-4,5- dihydroxyethyleneurea ({DMDHEU})},\n\tvolume = {74},\n\tissn = {1437-434X, 0018-3830},\n\turl = {http://www.degruyter.com/view/j/hfsg.ahead-of-print/hf-2019-0110/hf-2019-0110.xml},\n\tdoi = {10.1515/hf-2019-0110},\n\tabstract = {The efficacy of chemical wood modification is closely related to the permeability of the wood species and the cell wall deposition of the reagent, causing a permanent swelling (“bulking effect”). This study aimed to analyze how rubberwood (Hevea brasiliensis Müll. Arg.) and English oak (Quercus robur L.) may be affected by chemical wood modification, although they are known to show either variations in permeability or being less permeable. Thin clear veneers were treated with 1,3-dimethylol-4,5dihydroxyethyleneurea (DMDHEU) which resulted in significantly reduced moisture-induced swelling and increased the resistance to static and dynamic indentation loads. The results evidenced significantly lower liquid uptakes in English oak compared to rubberwood, which directly affected the weight percent gains (WPGs) and restricted the range for potential improvements of the material properties. Surprisingly, rubberwood showed a lower cell wall bulking, which, in comparison with English oak, indicated less DMDHEU monomers entering the cell walls and rather being located in the cell lumens. Atypical for treatments with cell wall penetration chemicals, no further decrease in maximum swelling (SM) was detected with increasing bulking in rubberwood specimens. English oak showed higher variations in DMDHEU distribution within treated veneers and between earlywood and latewood areas, effecting a less homogeneous performance.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {4},\n\turldate = {2020-02-17},\n\tjournal = {Holzforschung},\n\tauthor = {Emmerich, Lukas and Militz, Holger},\n\tmonth = feb,\n\tyear = {2020},\n\tpages = {362--371},\n\tfile = {Emmerich und Militz - 2020 - Study on the impregnation quality of rubberwood (H.pdf:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\K3U9U975\\\\Emmerich und Militz - 2020 - Study on the impregnation quality of rubberwood (H.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n The efficacy of chemical wood modification is closely related to the permeability of the wood species and the cell wall deposition of the reagent, causing a permanent swelling (“bulking effect”). This study aimed to analyze how rubberwood (Hevea brasiliensis Müll. Arg.) and English oak (Quercus robur L.) may be affected by chemical wood modification, although they are known to show either variations in permeability or being less permeable. Thin clear veneers were treated with 1,3-dimethylol-4,5dihydroxyethyleneurea (DMDHEU) which resulted in significantly reduced moisture-induced swelling and increased the resistance to static and dynamic indentation loads. The results evidenced significantly lower liquid uptakes in English oak compared to rubberwood, which directly affected the weight percent gains (WPGs) and restricted the range for potential improvements of the material properties. Surprisingly, rubberwood showed a lower cell wall bulking, which, in comparison with English oak, indicated less DMDHEU monomers entering the cell walls and rather being located in the cell lumens. Atypical for treatments with cell wall penetration chemicals, no further decrease in maximum swelling (SM) was detected with increasing bulking in rubberwood specimens. English oak showed higher variations in DMDHEU distribution within treated veneers and between earlywood and latewood areas, effecting a less homogeneous performance.\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Resistance against subterranean termite of beech wood impregnated with different derivatives of glycerol or polyglycerol and maleic anhydride followed by thermal modification: a field test study.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Mubarok, M.; Militz, H.; Darmawan, I. W.; Hadi, Y. S.; Dumarçay, S.; and Gérardin, P.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n European Journal of Wood and Wood Products, 78(2): 387–392. March 2020.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n \"ResistancePaper\n  \n \n\n \n \n doi\n  \n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
\n 
@article{mubarok_resistance_2020,\n\ttitle = {Resistance against subterranean termite of beech wood impregnated with different derivatives of glycerol or polyglycerol and maleic anhydride followed by thermal modification: a field test study},\n\tvolume = {78},\n\tissn = {0018-3768, 1436-736X},\n\tshorttitle = {Resistance against subterranean termite of beech wood impregnated with different derivatives of glycerol or polyglycerol and maleic anhydride followed by thermal modification},\n\turl = {http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s00107-020-01503-2},\n\tdoi = {10.1007/s00107-020-01503-2},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {2},\n\turldate = {2020-03-04},\n\tjournal = {European Journal of Wood and Wood Products},\n\tauthor = {Mubarok, Mahdi and Militz, Holger and Darmawan, I. Wayan and Hadi, Yusuf Sudo and Dumarçay, Stéphane and Gérardin, Philippe},\n\tmonth = mar,\n\tyear = {2020},\n\tpages = {387--392},\n\tfile = {Mubarok et al. - 2020 - Resistance against subterranean termite of beech w.pdf:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\8U7DKCMY\\\\Mubarok et al. - 2020 - Resistance against subterranean termite of beech w.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Long-term performance of DMDHEU-treated wood installed in different test set-ups in ground, above ground and in the marine environment.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Emmerich, L.; Militz, H.; and Brischke, C.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n International Wood Products Journal, 11(1): 27–37. January 2020.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n \"Long-termPaper\n  \n \n\n \n \n doi\n  \n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n  \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n  \n \n 1 download\n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@article{emmerich_long-term_2020,\n\ttitle = {Long-term performance of {DMDHEU}-treated wood installed in different test set-ups in ground, above ground and in the marine environment},\n\tvolume = {11},\n\tissn = {2042-6445},\n\turl = {https://doi.org/10.1080/20426445.2020.1715553},\n\tdoi = {10.1080/20426445.2020.1715553},\n\tabstract = {The field performance of wood modified with 1,3-dimethylol-4,5-dihydroxyethyleneurea (DMDHEU) is reported after outdoor exposure above ground (UC3), in ground (UC4) and in the marine environment (UC5) at six different sites in Europe and Australia. Results from more than seven years field testing with respect to the DMDHEU treatment level, wood species (Scots pine, European beech, spotted gum and slash pine) and climate conditions were evaluated. DMDHEU was shown to significantly improve the biological durability of Scots pine sapwood after exposure under UC3, UC4 and UC5 conditions, which confirmed previous findings on the laboratory scale. The latter was classified as ‘durable to very durable’ (durability class DC1-2). However, DMDHEU modification seemed to be more efficient in Scots pine, slash pine and spotted gum so that higher chemical loadings are required for European beech to reach similar resistance against wood-destroying fungi. Under feeding pressure of Teredo navalis, DMDHEU treatment was graded as ‘durable’.},\n\tnumber = {1},\n\turldate = {2020-02-14},\n\tjournal = {International Wood Products Journal},\n\tauthor = {Emmerich, Lukas and Militz, Holger and Brischke, Christian},\n\tmonth = jan,\n\tyear = {2020},\n\tkeywords = {DMDHEU, resin treatment, Beech, pine, chemical wood modification, durability, field tests, N-methylol},\n\tpages = {27--37},\n}\n\n
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\n The field performance of wood modified with 1,3-dimethylol-4,5-dihydroxyethyleneurea (DMDHEU) is reported after outdoor exposure above ground (UC3), in ground (UC4) and in the marine environment (UC5) at six different sites in Europe and Australia. Results from more than seven years field testing with respect to the DMDHEU treatment level, wood species (Scots pine, European beech, spotted gum and slash pine) and climate conditions were evaluated. DMDHEU was shown to significantly improve the biological durability of Scots pine sapwood after exposure under UC3, UC4 and UC5 conditions, which confirmed previous findings on the laboratory scale. The latter was classified as ‘durable to very durable’ (durability class DC1-2). However, DMDHEU modification seemed to be more efficient in Scots pine, slash pine and spotted gum so that higher chemical loadings are required for European beech to reach similar resistance against wood-destroying fungi. Under feeding pressure of Teredo navalis, DMDHEU treatment was graded as ‘durable’.\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n The effect of citric acid and sorbitol on the swelling and sorption behavior of wood.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Kurkowiak, K.; Emmerich, L.; and Militz, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In Proceedings of the 16 th Annual Meeting of the Northern European Network for Wood Science and Engineering (WSE2020), pages 23–25, Helsinki, Finland, 2020. \n \n\n\n\n
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@inproceedings{kurkowiak_effect_2020,\n\taddress = {Helsinki, Finland},\n\ttitle = {The effect of citric acid and sorbitol on the swelling and sorption behavior of wood},\n\tisbn = {978-609-02-1762-7},\n\tlanguage = {EN},\n\tbooktitle = {Proceedings of the 16 th {Annual} {Meeting} of the {Northern} {European} {Network} for {Wood} {Science} and {Engineering} ({WSE2020})},\n\tauthor = {Kurkowiak, Katarzyna and Emmerich, Lukas and Militz, Holger},\n\tyear = {2020},\n\tpages = {23--25},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n REM und µCT-Aufnahmen von Holz nach Pilzbefall im Labortest - Erste Ergebnisse.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Koddenberg, T.; Zauner, M.; and Militz, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In Deutsche Holzschutztagung, pages 115–125, Dresden, Germany, April 2019. \n \n\n\n\n
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@inproceedings{koddenberg_rem_2019,\n\taddress = {Dresden, Germany},\n\ttitle = {{REM} und µ{CT}-{Aufnahmen} von {Holz} nach {Pilzbefall} im {Labortest} - {Erste} {Ergebnisse}},\n\tlanguage = {deutsch},\n\tbooktitle = {Deutsche {Holzschutztagung}},\n\tauthor = {Koddenberg, Tim and Zauner, Michaela and Militz, Holger},\n\tmonth = apr,\n\tyear = {2019},\n\tpages = {115--125},\n\tfile = {Koddenberg et al. - 2019 - REM und µCT-Aufnahmen von Holz nach Pilzbefall im .pdf:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\FTWS3646\\\\Koddenberg et al. - 2019 - REM und µCT-Aufnahmen von Holz nach Pilzbefall im .pdf:application/pdf;Presentation_Holzschutztagung 2019.pdf:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\SHIKGKWZ\\\\Presentation_Holzschutztagung 2019.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Holzterrassen - In Zukunft mit Mindesthaltbarkeit?.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Brischke, C.; Militz, H.; and Emmerich, L.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n DEGA Galabau, 5: 41–43. 2019.\n \n\n\n\n
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@article{brischke_holzterrassen_2019,\n\ttitle = {Holzterrassen - {In} {Zukunft} mit {Mindesthaltbarkeit}?},\n\tvolume = {5},\n\tabstract = {Dass die Haltbarkeit eines Holzbauwerks von der Holzart abhängig ist, ist bekannt. Dafür stehen die Dauerhaftigkeitsklassen. Die Abteilung Holzbiologie und Holzprodukte der Universität Göttingen will in Zukunft sogar Gebrauchsdauervorhersagen in Jahren machen können. Hier ist schon mal eine\nVorschau auf das Rechenmodell.},\n\tlanguage = {deutsch},\n\tjournal = {DEGA Galabau},\n\tauthor = {Brischke, Christian and Militz, Holger and Emmerich, Lukas},\n\tyear = {2019},\n\tpages = {41--43},\n\tfile = {Brischke et al. - 2019 - Holzterrassen - In Zukunft mit Mindesthaltbarkeit.PDF:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\8JZLPT2J\\\\Brischke et al. - 2019 - Holzterrassen - In Zukunft mit Mindesthaltbarkeit.PDF:application/pdf;DEGA-GaLaBau-PSL-Terrassen-Brischke-19-03-14_NjEyNTMzNg-1.pdf:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\KTYDVKCY\\\\DEGA-GaLaBau-PSL-Terrassen-Brischke-19-03-14_NjEyNTMzNg-1.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n Dass die Haltbarkeit eines Holzbauwerks von der Holzart abhängig ist, ist bekannt. Dafür stehen die Dauerhaftigkeitsklassen. Die Abteilung Holzbiologie und Holzprodukte der Universität Göttingen will in Zukunft sogar Gebrauchsdauervorhersagen in Jahren machen können. Hier ist schon mal eine Vorschau auf das Rechenmodell.\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Imprägnierung von Bahnschwellen - Untersuchung einer Systemschwelle als Alternative zur Kreosotschwelle.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Strack, M.; Brischke, C.; and Militz, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In Deutsche Holzschutztagung, pages 307–327, Dresden, Germany, April 2019. \n \n\n\n\n
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@inproceedings{strack_impragnierung_2019,\n\taddress = {Dresden, Germany},\n\ttitle = {Imprägnierung von {Bahnschwellen} - {Untersuchung} einer {Systemschwelle} als {Alternative} zur {Kreosotschwelle}},\n\tlanguage = {deutsch},\n\tbooktitle = {Deutsche {Holzschutztagung}},\n\tauthor = {Strack, Michael and Brischke, Christian and Militz, Holger},\n\tmonth = apr,\n\tyear = {2019},\n\tpages = {307--327},\n\tfile = {Strack et al. - 2019 - Imprägnierung von Bahnschwellen - Untersuchung ein.pdf:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\EKJSTCYT\\\\Strack et al. - 2019 - Imprägnierung von Bahnschwellen - Untersuchung ein.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Dauerhaftigkeitsklassifizierung von schutzmittelbehandeltem und modifiziertem Holz.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Bollmus, S.; Bächle, L.; Militz, H.; and Brischke, C.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In Deutsche Holzschutztagung, pages 269–293, Dresden, Germany, April 2019. \n \n\n\n\n
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@inproceedings{bollmus_dauerhaftigkeitsklassifizierung_2019,\n\taddress = {Dresden, Germany},\n\ttitle = {Dauerhaftigkeitsklassifizierung von schutzmittelbehandeltem und modifiziertem {Holz}},\n\tlanguage = {deutsch},\n\tbooktitle = {Deutsche {Holzschutztagung}},\n\tauthor = {Bollmus, Susanne and Bächle, Lea and Militz, Holger and Brischke, Christian},\n\tmonth = apr,\n\tyear = {2019},\n\tpages = {269--293},\n\tfile = {Bollmus et al. - 2019 - Dauerhaftigkeitsklassifizierung von schutzmittelbe.PDF:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\DCUHYZMC\\\\Bollmus et al. - 2019 - Dauerhaftigkeitsklassifizierung von schutzmittelbe.PDF:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Untersuchung zum Vermögen holzzerstörender Pilze, chemisch modifiziertes Holz zu durchwachsen.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Strohbusch, S.; Brischke, C.; Bollmus, S.; Emmerich, L.; and Militz, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In Deutsche Holzschutztagung, pages 127–145, Dresden, Germany, April 2019. \n \n\n\n\n
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@inproceedings{strohbusch_untersuchung_2019,\n\taddress = {Dresden, Germany},\n\ttitle = {Untersuchung zum {Vermögen} holzzerstörender {Pilze}, chemisch modifiziertes {Holz} zu durchwachsen},\n\tlanguage = {deutsch},\n\tbooktitle = {Deutsche {Holzschutztagung}},\n\tauthor = {Strohbusch, Sarah and Brischke, Christian and Bollmus, Susanne and Emmerich, Lukas and Militz, Holger},\n\tmonth = apr,\n\tyear = {2019},\n\tpages = {127--145},\n\tfile = {Strohbusch et al. - 2019 - Untersuchung zum Vermögen holzzerstörender Pilze, .pdf:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\IVSEFR2T\\\\Strohbusch et al. - 2019 - Untersuchung zum Vermögen holzzerstörender Pilze, .pdf:application/pdf;Untersuchung zum Vermögen holzzerstörender Pilze chemisch modifiziertes Holz zu durchwachsen.pdf:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\B9ENX7YH\\\\Untersuchung zum Vermögen holzzerstörender Pilze chemisch modifiziertes Holz zu durchwachsen.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n The effect of fibreboard (MDF) disintegration technique on wood polymer composites (WPC) produced with recovered wood particles.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Bütün, F. Y.; Sauerbier, P.; Militz, H.; and Mai, C.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing, 118: 312–316. March 2019.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n \"ThePaper\n  \n \n\n \n \n doi\n  \n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n  \n \n 7 downloads\n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@article{butun_effect_2019,\n\ttitle = {The effect of fibreboard ({MDF}) disintegration technique on wood polymer composites ({WPC}) produced with recovered wood particles},\n\tvolume = {118},\n\tissn = {1359835X},\n\turl = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1359835X19300065},\n\tdoi = {10.1016/j.compositesa.2019.01.006},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\turldate = {2019-01-18},\n\tjournal = {Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing},\n\tauthor = {Bütün, Fahriye Yağmur and Sauerbier, Philipp and Militz, Holger and Mai, Carsten},\n\tmonth = mar,\n\tyear = {2019},\n\tpages = {312--316},\n\tfile = {Bütün et al. - 2019 - The effect of fibreboard (MDF) disintegration tech.pdf:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\KZX75NUA\\\\Bütün et al. - 2019 - The effect of fibreboard (MDF) disintegration tech.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Penetration depth of phenol-formaldehyde (PF) resin into beech wood studied by light microscopy.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Biziks, V.; Bicke, S.; and Militz, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Wood Science and Technology, 53(1): 165–176. January 2019.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n \"PenetrationPaper\n  \n \n\n \n \n doi\n  \n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@article{biziks_penetration_2019,\n\ttitle = {Penetration depth of phenol-formaldehyde ({PF}) resin into beech wood studied by light microscopy},\n\tvolume = {53},\n\tissn = {0043-7719, 1432-5225},\n\turl = {http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s00226-018-1058-2},\n\tdoi = {10.1007/s00226-018-1058-2},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {1},\n\turldate = {2019-01-15},\n\tjournal = {Wood Science and Technology},\n\tauthor = {Biziks, Vladimirs and Bicke, Sascha and Militz, Holger},\n\tmonth = jan,\n\tyear = {2019},\n\tpages = {165--176},\n\tfile = {Biziks et al. - 2018 - Penetration depth of phenol-formaldehyde (PF) resi.pdf:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\ED7WDL9X\\\\Biziks et al. - 2018 - Penetration depth of phenol-formaldehyde (PF) resi.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Wood modification with DMDHEU (1.3-dimethylol-4.5-dihydroxyethyleneurea) – State of the art, recent research activities and future perspectives.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Emmerich, L.; Bollmus, S.; and Militz, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Wood Material Science & Engineering, 14(1): 3–18. 2019.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n \"WoodPaper\n  \n \n\n \n \n doi\n  \n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
\n 
@article{emmerich_wood_2019,\n\ttitle = {Wood modification with {DMDHEU} (1.3-dimethylol-4.5-dihydroxyethyleneurea) – {State} of the art, recent research activities and future perspectives},\n\tvolume = {14},\n\tissn = {1748-0272, 1748-0280},\n\turl = {https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/17480272.2017.1417907},\n\tdoi = {10.1080/17480272.2017.1417907},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {1},\n\turldate = {2018-11-26},\n\tjournal = {Wood Material Science \\& Engineering},\n\tauthor = {Emmerich, Lukas and Bollmus, Susanne and Militz, Holger},\n\tyear = {2019},\n\tpages = {3--18},\n\tfile = {Emmerich et al. - 2019 - Wood modification with DMDHEU (1.3-dimethylol-4.5-.pdf:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\QN3F33YZ\\\\Emmerich et al. - 2017 - Wood modification with DMDHEU (1.3-dimethylol-4.5-.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Relation of chemical and mechanical properties of Eucalyptus nitens wood thermally modified in open and closed systems.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Wentzel, M.; Fleckenstein, M.; Hofmann, T.; and Militz, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Wood Material Science & Engineering, 14(3): 165–173. May 2019.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n \"RelationPaper\n  \n \n\n \n \n doi\n  \n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n  \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@article{wentzel_relation_2019,\n\ttitle = {Relation of chemical and mechanical properties of {Eucalyptus} nitens wood thermally modified in open and closed systems},\n\tvolume = {14},\n\tissn = {1748-0272},\n\turl = {https://doi.org/10.1080/17480272.2018.1450783},\n\tdoi = {10.1080/17480272.2018.1450783},\n\tabstract = {In the present work, Eucalyptus nitens was thermally modified in an open (atmospheric pressure) and a closed (under pressure) reactor system. The effect of the changes of the chemical composition on the mechanical properties was investigated. Hemicelluloses, cellulose, lignin, extractives, acetic acid, formic acid, total phenols and the cellulose degree of polymerization (DP) as well as modulus of elasticity (MOE) and modulus of rupture (MOR) were measured for each modification. The results indicated that the closed system modification, particularly at high pressure, presented stronger variations on the chemical structure of the modified wood than the modifications in the open system. In both modifications, MOR showed a better correlation with the chemical changes than the MOE, especially xylose, cellulose DP, lignin and total phenols. These correlations suggest a tendency of a more brittle wood in the closed system modification at high pressure than in the modifications in the open system. Results can be used as a reference for future applications of thermally modified E. nitens wood.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {3},\n\turldate = {2019-04-23},\n\tjournal = {Wood Material Science \\& Engineering},\n\tauthor = {Wentzel, M. and Fleckenstein, M. and Hofmann, T. and Militz, H.},\n\tmonth = may,\n\tyear = {2019},\n\tkeywords = {thermal modification, mechanical properties, Eucalypt, extractives, structural polymers},\n\tpages = {165--173},\n\tfile = {Wentzel et al. - 2018 - Relation of chemical and mechanical properties of .pdf:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\JKI86KRG\\\\Wentzel et al. - 2018 - Relation of chemical and mechanical properties of .pdf:application/pdf;Wentzel et al. - 2019 - Relation of chemical and mechanical properties of .pdf:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\CLAMBAZT\\\\Wentzel et al. - 2019 - Relation of chemical and mechanical properties of .pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n In the present work, Eucalyptus nitens was thermally modified in an open (atmospheric pressure) and a closed (under pressure) reactor system. The effect of the changes of the chemical composition on the mechanical properties was investigated. Hemicelluloses, cellulose, lignin, extractives, acetic acid, formic acid, total phenols and the cellulose degree of polymerization (DP) as well as modulus of elasticity (MOE) and modulus of rupture (MOR) were measured for each modification. The results indicated that the closed system modification, particularly at high pressure, presented stronger variations on the chemical structure of the modified wood than the modifications in the open system. In both modifications, MOR showed a better correlation with the chemical changes than the MOE, especially xylose, cellulose DP, lignin and total phenols. These correlations suggest a tendency of a more brittle wood in the closed system modification at high pressure than in the modifications in the open system. Results can be used as a reference for future applications of thermally modified E. nitens wood.\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Prediction of modulus of elasticity in static bending and density of wood at different moisture contents and feed rates by drilling resistance measurements.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Sharapov, E.; Brischke, C.; Militz, H.; and Smirnova, E.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n European Journal of Wood and Wood Products, 77(5): 833–842. September 2019.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n \"PredictionPaper\n  \n \n\n \n \n doi\n  \n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n  \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n  \n \n 1 download\n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@article{sharapov_prediction_2019,\n\ttitle = {Prediction of modulus of elasticity in static bending and density of wood at different moisture contents and feed rates by drilling resistance measurements},\n\tvolume = {77},\n\tissn = {1436-736X},\n\turl = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s00107-019-01439-2},\n\tdoi = {10.1007/s00107-019-01439-2},\n\tabstract = {An IML-RESI PD 400 drilling tool and a standard spade drill bit were used to find the correlations of drilling and feeding resistance with the modulus of elasticity in static bending and density of wood. In total, 1575 drillings at 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 m/min feed rates were made in specimens of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.), European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.), English oak (Quercus robur L.) and common lime (Tilia europaea L.), which were oven-dried, conditioned at 20 °C/65\\% RH and 20 °C/95\\% RH and vacuum-impregnated with water. The feed rate (feed rate per major cutting edge or uncut chip thickness) had a significant impact on the prediction of density and modulus of elasticity through drilling resistance measurements and should be considered for comparison of properties and internal conditions of wood. Because of stronger correlation between drilling resistance and tested wood properties compared to feeding resistance, drilling resistance is recommended for density and MOE prediction of sound wood. Moisture content had no significant impact on the modulus of elasticity prediction by the drilling resistance measurements, while density can be predicted by linear models for two stages of moisture content variation, below and above fibre saturation.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {5},\n\turldate = {2019-08-19},\n\tjournal = {European Journal of Wood and Wood Products},\n\tauthor = {Sharapov, Evgenii and Brischke, Christian and Militz, Holger and Smirnova, Elena},\n\tmonth = sep,\n\tyear = {2019},\n\tpages = {833--842},\n\tfile = {Springer Full Text PDF:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\6V4EUUBB\\\\Sharapov et al. - 2019 - Prediction of modulus of elasticity in static bend.pdf:application/pdf;Springer Full Text PDF:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\GE88YKNI\\\\Sharapov et al. - 2019 - Prediction of modulus of elasticity in static bend.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n An IML-RESI PD 400 drilling tool and a standard spade drill bit were used to find the correlations of drilling and feeding resistance with the modulus of elasticity in static bending and density of wood. In total, 1575 drillings at 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 m/min feed rates were made in specimens of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.), European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.), English oak (Quercus robur L.) and common lime (Tilia europaea L.), which were oven-dried, conditioned at 20 °C/65% RH and 20 °C/95% RH and vacuum-impregnated with water. The feed rate (feed rate per major cutting edge or uncut chip thickness) had a significant impact on the prediction of density and modulus of elasticity through drilling resistance measurements and should be considered for comparison of properties and internal conditions of wood. Because of stronger correlation between drilling resistance and tested wood properties compared to feeding resistance, drilling resistance is recommended for density and MOE prediction of sound wood. Moisture content had no significant impact on the modulus of elasticity prediction by the drilling resistance measurements, while density can be predicted by linear models for two stages of moisture content variation, below and above fibre saturation.\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Density and density profile changes in birch and spruce caused by thermo-hydro treatment measured by X-ray computed tomography.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Biziks, V.; Van Acker, J.; Militz, H.; Grinins, J.; and Van den Bulcke, J.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Wood Science and Technology, 53(2): 491–504. March 2019.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n \"DensityPaper\n  \n \n\n \n \n doi\n  \n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n  \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@article{biziks_density_2019,\n\ttitle = {Density and density profile changes in birch and spruce caused by thermo-hydro treatment measured by {X}-ray computed tomography},\n\tvolume = {53},\n\tissn = {1432-5225},\n\turl = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s00226-018-1070-6},\n\tdoi = {10.1007/s00226-018-1070-6},\n\tabstract = {Birch and spruce samples were scanned using X-ray computed tomography (CT) to determine changes in the density and density profile caused by thermo-hydro treatment (THT). Small-dimension wood blocks were subjected to treatment at three different temperatures (160 °C, 170 °C and 180 °C) for 1 h and scanned before and after treatment. Identical acquisition and analysis procedures were used to evaluate the changes in approximate mean density and radial density profile of oven-dried untreated and treated material. The X-ray CT scans enabled measuring of the changes in wood density after THT. The results confirm that there were similar tendencies in the total density decrease with increasing temperature. However, variations in density changes between the earlywood (EW) and latewood (LW) of birch and spruce were found. A correlation of the radial density profiles of treated versus untreated specimens showed a similar density decrease in EW and LW in birch wood and inconsistent reductions in spruce wood.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {2},\n\turldate = {2019-03-26},\n\tjournal = {Wood Science and Technology},\n\tauthor = {Biziks, Vladimirs and Van Acker, Joris and Militz, Holger and Grinins, Juris and Van den Bulcke, Jan},\n\tmonth = mar,\n\tyear = {2019},\n\tpages = {491--504},\n\tfile = {Biziks et al. - 2018 - Density and density profile changes in birch and s.pdf:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\H2PWZ8JM\\\\Biziks et al. - 2018 - Density and density profile changes in birch and s.pdf:application/pdf;Biziks et al. - 2019 - Density and density profile changes in birch and s.pdf:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\54TBAYX4\\\\Biziks et al. - 2019 - Density and density profile changes in birch and s.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n Birch and spruce samples were scanned using X-ray computed tomography (CT) to determine changes in the density and density profile caused by thermo-hydro treatment (THT). Small-dimension wood blocks were subjected to treatment at three different temperatures (160 °C, 170 °C and 180 °C) for 1 h and scanned before and after treatment. Identical acquisition and analysis procedures were used to evaluate the changes in approximate mean density and radial density profile of oven-dried untreated and treated material. The X-ray CT scans enabled measuring of the changes in wood density after THT. The results confirm that there were similar tendencies in the total density decrease with increasing temperature. However, variations in density changes between the earlywood (EW) and latewood (LW) of birch and spruce were found. A correlation of the radial density profiles of treated versus untreated specimens showed a similar density decrease in EW and LW in birch wood and inconsistent reductions in spruce wood.\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Comparison of different treatments based on glycerol or polyglycerol additives to improve properties of thermally modified wood.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Mubarok, M.; Dumarcay, S.; Militz, H.; Candelier, K.; Thevenon, M. F.; and Gérardin, P.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n European Journal of Wood and Wood Products, 77(5): 799–810. September 2019.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n \"ComparisonPaper\n  \n \n\n \n \n doi\n  \n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n  \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@article{mubarok_comparison_2019,\n\ttitle = {Comparison of different treatments based on glycerol or polyglycerol additives to improve properties of thermally modified wood},\n\tvolume = {77},\n\tissn = {1436-736X},\n\turl = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s00107-019-01429-4},\n\tdoi = {10.1007/s00107-019-01429-4},\n\tabstract = {Impregnation of European beech (Fagus sylvatica) with 10\\% w/w aqueous solution of different additives made from the reaction of glycerol or polyglycerol with glycidyl methacrylate or maleic anhydride followed by thermal modification at 150, 200 or 220 °C under inert conditions was investigated to evaluate potential synergies between chemical and thermal treatments. Treated and untreated wood were analysed to evaluate mass changes and bulking values after treatments, resistance of treatment to leaching, wettability, anti-swelling efficiency, modulus of elasticity (MOE), modulus of rupture (MOR), decay resistance against Coriolus versicolor and termite resistance against Reticulitermes flavipes. Results revealed that synergic effects between a combination of light chemical modification and thermal treatments can be observed at higher temperature treatments (200 and 220 °C), improving wood dimensional stability (approximately 80\\%), decay, and termite resistance properties. However, MOE and MOR values decreased by approximately 30\\% and 60\\%, respectively. Treated samples resulting from the combination of chemical and thermal treatment performed at 220 °C present improved durability against the termites R. flavipes.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {5},\n\turldate = {2019-08-19},\n\tjournal = {European Journal of Wood and Wood Products},\n\tauthor = {Mubarok, Mahdi and Dumarcay, Stéphane and Militz, Holger and Candelier, Kévin and Thevenon, Marie France and Gérardin, Philippe},\n\tmonth = sep,\n\tyear = {2019},\n\tpages = {799--810},\n\tfile = {Springer Full Text PDF:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\KAUG7G8M\\\\Mubarok et al. - 2019 - Comparison of different treatments based on glycer.pdf:application/pdf;Springer Full Text PDF:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\N3S4VQKP\\\\Mubarok et al. - 2019 - Comparison of different treatments based on glycer.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n Impregnation of European beech (Fagus sylvatica) with 10% w/w aqueous solution of different additives made from the reaction of glycerol or polyglycerol with glycidyl methacrylate or maleic anhydride followed by thermal modification at 150, 200 or 220 °C under inert conditions was investigated to evaluate potential synergies between chemical and thermal treatments. Treated and untreated wood were analysed to evaluate mass changes and bulking values after treatments, resistance of treatment to leaching, wettability, anti-swelling efficiency, modulus of elasticity (MOE), modulus of rupture (MOR), decay resistance against Coriolus versicolor and termite resistance against Reticulitermes flavipes. Results revealed that synergic effects between a combination of light chemical modification and thermal treatments can be observed at higher temperature treatments (200 and 220 °C), improving wood dimensional stability (approximately 80%), decay, and termite resistance properties. However, MOE and MOR values decreased by approximately 30% and 60%, respectively. Treated samples resulting from the combination of chemical and thermal treatment performed at 220 °C present improved durability against the termites R. flavipes.\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Chemical analysis and cellulose crystallinity of thermally modified Eucalyptus nitens wood from open and closed reactor systems using FTIR and X-ray crystallography.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Wentzel, M.; Rolleri, A.; Pesenti, H.; and Militz, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n European Journal of Wood and Wood Products, 77(4): 517–525. July 2019.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n \"ChemicalPaper\n  \n \n\n \n \n doi\n  \n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n  \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n  \n \n 1 download\n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@article{wentzel_chemical_2019,\n\ttitle = {Chemical analysis and cellulose crystallinity of thermally modified {Eucalyptus} nitens wood from open and closed reactor systems using {FTIR} and {X}-ray crystallography},\n\tvolume = {77},\n\tissn = {0018-3768, 1436-736X},\n\turl = {http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s00107-019-01411-0},\n\tdoi = {10.1007/s00107-019-01411-0},\n\tabstract = {Currently there is a growing market for high quality solid wood products in Chile made from Eucalyptus nitens. Thermal modifications have been used to obtain such products out of fast growing species. The chemical and crystallinity changes in the modified wood were investigated using diffuse reflectance FTIR spectroscopy and crystalline analysis by X-ray diffraction to analyze the difference between thermal modifications processes using pressure under wet conditions (closed system) and processes without pressure under drier conditions (open system). In general, the FTIR spectra showed differences in the degradation of the hemicelluloses in the peaks of the C=O linkages, but almost no differences in the peaks that identify the lignin structure of the wood, as it was difficult to separate the different chemical reactions due to the depolymerization of lignin only observing the bands. The degree of crystallinity showed a tendency to increase at high pressure in the closed system modifications and at temperatures above 200 °C in the open system modifications, but no significant differences at low modification pressure and temperatures. Nonetheless, there were differences in FTIR spectra and cellulose crystallinity when directly comparing modifications with the same corrected mass loss under different conditions.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {4},\n\turldate = {2020-01-21},\n\tjournal = {European Journal of Wood and Wood Products},\n\tauthor = {Wentzel, M. and Rolleri, A. and Pesenti, H. and Militz, H.},\n\tmonth = jul,\n\tyear = {2019},\n\tpages = {517--525},\n\tfile = {Springer Full Text PDF:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\FHUP23DN\\\\Wentzel et al. - 2019 - Chemical analysis and cellulose crystallinity of t.pdf:application/pdf;Wentzel et al. - 2019 - Chemical analysis and cellulose crystallinity of t.pdf:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\DUZCUUU3\\\\Wentzel et al. - 2019 - Chemical analysis and cellulose crystallinity of t.pdf:application/pdf;Wentzel2019_Article_ChemicalAnalysisAndCelluloseCr.pdf:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\KUY3CYYY\\\\Wentzel2019_Article_ChemicalAnalysisAndCelluloseCr.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n Currently there is a growing market for high quality solid wood products in Chile made from Eucalyptus nitens. Thermal modifications have been used to obtain such products out of fast growing species. The chemical and crystallinity changes in the modified wood were investigated using diffuse reflectance FTIR spectroscopy and crystalline analysis by X-ray diffraction to analyze the difference between thermal modifications processes using pressure under wet conditions (closed system) and processes without pressure under drier conditions (open system). In general, the FTIR spectra showed differences in the degradation of the hemicelluloses in the peaks of the C=O linkages, but almost no differences in the peaks that identify the lignin structure of the wood, as it was difficult to separate the different chemical reactions due to the depolymerization of lignin only observing the bands. The degree of crystallinity showed a tendency to increase at high pressure in the closed system modifications and at temperatures above 200 °C in the open system modifications, but no significant differences at low modification pressure and temperatures. Nonetheless, there were differences in FTIR spectra and cellulose crystallinity when directly comparing modifications with the same corrected mass loss under different conditions.\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Acetylation of plantation softwood without catalysts or solvents.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Sun, B.; Chai, Y.; Liu, J.; and Militz, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Wood Research, 64(5): 799–810. 2019.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n  \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
\n 
@article{sun_acetylation_2019,\n\ttitle = {Acetylation of plantation softwood without catalysts or solvents},\n\tvolume = {64},\n\tabstract = {This study explored acetylation of wood of Larix kaempferi (Lamb.) Carr. and Pinus sylvestris\nvar. mongolica Litv. without catalysts or solvents. Both wood samples were impregnated with\nacetic anhydride and subsequently heated to 120°C for different reaction durations (0.5-8 h)\nin the esterification reagent. The extent of acetylation was measured by weight percent gain\n(WPG), which varied from 12.0\\% to 21.7\\% and 13.6\\% to 22.3\\% for both wood species. The cell\nwall bulking and anti-shrink efficiency (ASE) started to increase faster and then increase slower\nwith increasing reaction time. As the WPG reached 19.2\\% and 17.8\\% or more separately, ASE of\nboth acetylated wood were above 50\\% in any RH conditions. FTIR, CP/MAS 13C NMR, and\nXPS studies produced evidences for acetylation of both wood species. The degree of acetylation\nof wood cell wall polymers increased with increasing WPG, but during the process degradation\nof lignin and acid hydrolysis of carbohydrates occurred.},\n\tlanguage = {En},\n\tnumber = {5},\n\tjournal = {Wood Research},\n\tauthor = {Sun, Bailing and Chai, Yubo and Liu, Junliang and Militz, Holger},\n\tyear = {2019},\n\tpages = {799--810},\n\tfile = {Sun et al. - 2019 - Acetylation of plantation softwood without catalys.pdf:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\BBM6FWCV\\\\Sun et al. - 2019 - Acetylation of plantation softwood without catalys.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n This study explored acetylation of wood of Larix kaempferi (Lamb.) Carr. and Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica Litv. without catalysts or solvents. Both wood samples were impregnated with acetic anhydride and subsequently heated to 120°C for different reaction durations (0.5-8 h) in the esterification reagent. The extent of acetylation was measured by weight percent gain (WPG), which varied from 12.0% to 21.7% and 13.6% to 22.3% for both wood species. The cell wall bulking and anti-shrink efficiency (ASE) started to increase faster and then increase slower with increasing reaction time. As the WPG reached 19.2% and 17.8% or more separately, ASE of both acetylated wood were above 50% in any RH conditions. FTIR, CP/MAS 13C NMR, and XPS studies produced evidences for acetylation of both wood species. The degree of acetylation of wood cell wall polymers increased with increasing WPG, but during the process degradation of lignin and acid hydrolysis of carbohydrates occurred.\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Modification of Scots Pine with Activated Glucose and Citric Acid: Physical and Mechanical Properties.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Guo, W.; Xiao, Z.; Wentzel, M.; Emmerich, L.; Xie, Y.; and Militz, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n BioResources, 14(2): 3445–3458. March 2019.\n Number: 2\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n \"ModificationPaper\n  \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n  \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
\n 
@article{guo_modification_2019,\n\ttitle = {Modification of {Scots} {Pine} with {Activated} {Glucose} and {Citric} {Acid}: {Physical} and {Mechanical} {Properties}},\n\tvolume = {14},\n\tcopyright = {Copyright (c)},\n\tissn = {1930-2126},\n\tshorttitle = {Modification of {Scots} {Pine} with {Activated} {Glucose} and {Citric} {Acid}},\n\turl = {https://ojs.cnr.ncsu.edu/index.php/BioRes/article/view/BioRes_14_2_3445_Guo_Modification_Scots_Pine_Glucose},\n\tabstract = {An eco-friendly agent mainly consisting of activated glucose (AG) and citric acid (CA) was investigated for its potential wood modification applications. Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) sapwood was treated with AG and CA both individually and in combination. The treatments with the combined agent resulted in an increase in the weight percent gain and decrease in the leaching ratio, which suggested a synergy between the two components for their fixation in wood. The dynamic vapor sorption behavior indicated an increased sorption at a higher AG concentration. Compared with the AG treatment, the CA treatment more effectively improved the dimensional stability of the wood. The modulus of elasticity was not influenced by the treatments, and the modulus of rupture was slightly reduced. Incorporation of AG in the CA inhibited the decrease in impact strength of wood compared to treatment with CA alone, which was a result of reduced crosslinking from the CA within the wood matrix. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy revealed an enhanced absorbance, indicating development of ester bonds due to the treatment.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {2},\n\turldate = {2020-02-21},\n\tjournal = {BioResources},\n\tauthor = {Guo, Wenjun and Xiao, Zefang and Wentzel, Maximilian and Emmerich, Lukas and Xie, Yanjun and Militz, Holger},\n\tmonth = mar,\n\tyear = {2019},\n\tnote = {Number: 2},\n\tkeywords = {Citric acid, FTIR, Wood modification, Activated glucose, Physical and mechanical properties},\n\tpages = {3445--3458},\n\tfile = {Guo et al. - 2019 - Modification of Scots Pine with Activated Glucose .pdf:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\CMW473UM\\\\Guo et al. - 2019 - Modification of Scots Pine with Activated Glucose .pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
\n
\n\n\n
\n An eco-friendly agent mainly consisting of activated glucose (AG) and citric acid (CA) was investigated for its potential wood modification applications. Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) sapwood was treated with AG and CA both individually and in combination. The treatments with the combined agent resulted in an increase in the weight percent gain and decrease in the leaching ratio, which suggested a synergy between the two components for their fixation in wood. The dynamic vapor sorption behavior indicated an increased sorption at a higher AG concentration. Compared with the AG treatment, the CA treatment more effectively improved the dimensional stability of the wood. The modulus of elasticity was not influenced by the treatments, and the modulus of rupture was slightly reduced. Incorporation of AG in the CA inhibited the decrease in impact strength of wood compared to treatment with CA alone, which was a result of reduced crosslinking from the CA within the wood matrix. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy revealed an enhanced absorbance, indicating development of ester bonds due to the treatment.\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Dauerhaftigkeitsklassifizierung von schutzmittelbehandeltem und modifiziertem Holz.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Bollmus, S.; Bächle, L.; Militz, H.; and Brischke, C.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Holztechnologie, 60(5): 13–25. 2019.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
\n 
@article{bollmus_dauerhaftigkeitsklassifizierung_2019-1,\n\ttitle = {Dauerhaftigkeitsklassifizierung von schutzmittelbehandeltem und modifiziertem {Holz}},\n\tvolume = {60},\n\tnumber = {5},\n\tjournal = {Holztechnologie},\n\tauthor = {Bollmus, Susanne and Bächle, Lea and Militz, Holger and Brischke, Christian},\n\tyear = {2019},\n\tpages = {13--25},\n\tfile = {Bollmus et al. - 2019 - Dauerhaftigkeitsklassifizierung von schutzmittelbe.pdf:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\VEEY7K5T\\\\Bollmus et al. - 2019 - Dauerhaftigkeitsklassifizierung von schutzmittelbe.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Development of beech wood thermo-chemical modification treatments based on different vinylic derivatives of glycerol and polyglycerol.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Mubarok, M.; Dumarcay, S.; Militz, H.; Candelier, K.; France, M.; and Gerardin, P.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In Proceedings IRG Annual Meeting, pages 16, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada, May 2019. \n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n doi\n  \n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n  \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
\n 
@inproceedings{mubarok_development_2019,\n\taddress = {Quebec City, Quebec, Canada},\n\ttitle = {Development of beech wood thermo-chemical modification treatments based on different vinylic derivatives of glycerol and polyglycerol},\n\tdoi = {IRG/WP 19-40855},\n\tabstract = {In this study, a combination between chemical and thermal wood modification has been investigated. Seven types of a low concentration of 10\\% aqueous additive solution of vinylicglycerol [glycerol-maleic anhydride (Gly-MA), glycidyl methacrylate (GM), and Glycerol methacrylate-maleic anhydride (GM/MA(2eq))], vinylicpolyglycerol [polyglycerol-maleic anhydride (PG-MA), polyglycerol methacrylate (PGM), and polyglycerol methacrylate-maleic anhydride (PGM/MA(3eq))], and maleic anhydride (MA) were impregnated into European beech wood (Fagus sylvatica), known for its low dimensional stability and poor natural durability. Varied with different curing temperatures at 103, 150, 200, and 220oC under inert condition, the modified wood and control were then characterized for their physical, mechanical, decay, and termite resistance properties. We found that, at the same initial weight percent gain (WPG) value (8 – 11\\%), mass changes (∆m) after thermal treatment, bulking (B), weight loss due to leaching (WLL), swelling (S), wettability, modulus of elasticity (MOE), and modulus of rupture (MOR) values of the additive-treated wood decreased as the curing temperature increased. In contrast, anti-swelling efficiency (ASE), decay resistance against Coriolus versicolor, and termite resistance against Reticulitermes flavipes values of additive-treated wood increased considerably for some treatments as the curing temperature increased, with better results at 200 and 220oC. In other words, the study has disclosed that the addition of some selected additives combined with thermal treatment can improve wood decay resistance and termite resistance better than untreated wood or wood with only thermally modified treatment.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tbooktitle = {Proceedings {IRG} {Annual} {Meeting}},\n\tauthor = {Mubarok, Mahdi and Dumarcay, Stéphane and Militz, Holger and Candelier, Kévin and France, Marie and Gerardin, Philippe},\n\tmonth = may,\n\tyear = {2019},\n\tpages = {16},\n\tfile = {Mubarok et al. - 2019 - Development of beech wood thermo-chemical modifica.pdf:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\MEAWJVZH\\\\Mubarok et al. - 2019 - Development of beech wood thermo-chemical modifica.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n In this study, a combination between chemical and thermal wood modification has been investigated. Seven types of a low concentration of 10% aqueous additive solution of vinylicglycerol [glycerol-maleic anhydride (Gly-MA), glycidyl methacrylate (GM), and Glycerol methacrylate-maleic anhydride (GM/MA(2eq))], vinylicpolyglycerol [polyglycerol-maleic anhydride (PG-MA), polyglycerol methacrylate (PGM), and polyglycerol methacrylate-maleic anhydride (PGM/MA(3eq))], and maleic anhydride (MA) were impregnated into European beech wood (Fagus sylvatica), known for its low dimensional stability and poor natural durability. Varied with different curing temperatures at 103, 150, 200, and 220oC under inert condition, the modified wood and control were then characterized for their physical, mechanical, decay, and termite resistance properties. We found that, at the same initial weight percent gain (WPG) value (8 – 11%), mass changes (∆m) after thermal treatment, bulking (B), weight loss due to leaching (WLL), swelling (S), wettability, modulus of elasticity (MOE), and modulus of rupture (MOR) values of the additive-treated wood decreased as the curing temperature increased. In contrast, anti-swelling efficiency (ASE), decay resistance against Coriolus versicolor, and termite resistance against Reticulitermes flavipes values of additive-treated wood increased considerably for some treatments as the curing temperature increased, with better results at 200 and 220oC. In other words, the study has disclosed that the addition of some selected additives combined with thermal treatment can improve wood decay resistance and termite resistance better than untreated wood or wood with only thermally modified treatment.\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n The InnovaWood Module Bank: Building an international e-learning platform for shared MSc courses in wood science and technology.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Irle, M.; Kies, U.; Militz, H.; Sauerbier, P.; Vieux, M.; Prosic, A.; Wolfsberger, B.; Pichelin, F.; and Mayer, I.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In Proceedings IRG Annual Meeting, pages 11, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada, May 2019. \n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n doi\n  \n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n  \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n  \n \n 2 downloads\n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@inproceedings{irle_innovawood_2019,\n\taddress = {Quebec City, Quebec, Canada},\n\ttitle = {The {InnovaWood} {Module} {Bank}: {Building} an international e-learning platform for shared {MSc} courses in wood science and technology},\n\tdoi = {IRG/WP 19-50355},\n\tabstract = {The InnovaWood Module Bank is a shared e-Learning platform for standalone science, technology and education modules in wood science. A group of members of InnovaWood have committed to jointly develop this platform. The institutes benefit in that they can widen the range of courses they offer and use their teaching capacities more efficiently. Students obtain the possibility to take online courses at another university without the need of costly exchange programmes. New eLearning tools and teaching methods give them more choice and more flexibility to pursue their own individual preferences during their studies. To participate in the Module Bank, organisations must commit to providing at least one module of 3 ECTS at the MSc level. In return they obtain access to the whole series of modules that are offered collectively. The main benefits are that an institution obtains access to high quality lectures of experienced teachers in specific thematic fields and the opportunity to complement their core study programmes with additional online modules. Among others, these contain a module on ‘Wood degradation and wood protection’ by the University of Göttingen, which is relevant for IRG. The Module Bank contributes to new internationalisation experiences and a diversification of teaching contents and formats.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tbooktitle = {Proceedings {IRG} {Annual} {Meeting}},\n\tauthor = {Irle, Mark and Kies, Uwe and Militz, Holger and Sauerbier, Philipp and Vieux, Malvina and Prosic, Almin and Wolfsberger, Benjamin and Pichelin, Frédéric and Mayer, Ingo},\n\tmonth = may,\n\tyear = {2019},\n\tpages = {11},\n\tfile = {Irle et al. - 2019 - The InnovaWood Module Bank Building an internatio.pdf:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\EF5PJ98R\\\\Irle et al. - 2019 - The InnovaWood Module Bank Building an internatio.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n The InnovaWood Module Bank is a shared e-Learning platform for standalone science, technology and education modules in wood science. A group of members of InnovaWood have committed to jointly develop this platform. The institutes benefit in that they can widen the range of courses they offer and use their teaching capacities more efficiently. Students obtain the possibility to take online courses at another university without the need of costly exchange programmes. New eLearning tools and teaching methods give them more choice and more flexibility to pursue their own individual preferences during their studies. To participate in the Module Bank, organisations must commit to providing at least one module of 3 ECTS at the MSc level. In return they obtain access to the whole series of modules that are offered collectively. The main benefits are that an institution obtains access to high quality lectures of experienced teachers in specific thematic fields and the opportunity to complement their core study programmes with additional online modules. Among others, these contain a module on ‘Wood degradation and wood protection’ by the University of Göttingen, which is relevant for IRG. The Module Bank contributes to new internationalisation experiences and a diversification of teaching contents and formats.\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Study on the ability of wood-destroying fungi to grow through chemically modified wood.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Emmerich, L.; Strohbusch, S.; Brischke, C.; Bollmus, S.; and Militz, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In Proceedings IRG Annual Meeting, pages 18, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada, May 2019. \n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n doi\n  \n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n  \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@inproceedings{emmerich_study_2019,\n\taddress = {Quebec City, Quebec, Canada},\n\ttitle = {Study on the ability of wood-destroying fungi to grow through chemically modified wood},\n\tdoi = {IRG/WP 19-40858},\n\tabstract = {Over the last decades, chemical wood modification technologies were developed to increase the resistance against attack by wood-destroying organisms without using biocides. Most of those technologies are based on an impregnation step initially. In most treated wood products, mainly by using solid wood in thicker dimensions as in posts, poles, sleepers, deckings etc. it is known that wood impregnation fluids are not distributed throughout the whole wood cross diameter, but just form a protected zone (‘shell-treatment’) of some millimetres or centimetres. The depth of the protected zone depends on wood species and treatment process. While ‘shell-treatments’ might be adequate to achieve a sufficient protection against fungal decay by treatment with biocides, the effect on how wood treated by chemical wood modification systems performs with regard to the resistance against wood-destroying organisms, is not yet known.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tbooktitle = {Proceedings {IRG} {Annual} {Meeting}},\n\tauthor = {Emmerich, Lukas and Strohbusch, Sarah and Brischke, Christian and Bollmus, Susanne and Militz, Holger},\n\tmonth = may,\n\tyear = {2019},\n\tpages = {18},\n}\n\n
\n
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\n Over the last decades, chemical wood modification technologies were developed to increase the resistance against attack by wood-destroying organisms without using biocides. Most of those technologies are based on an impregnation step initially. In most treated wood products, mainly by using solid wood in thicker dimensions as in posts, poles, sleepers, deckings etc. it is known that wood impregnation fluids are not distributed throughout the whole wood cross diameter, but just form a protected zone (‘shell-treatment’) of some millimetres or centimetres. The depth of the protected zone depends on wood species and treatment process. While ‘shell-treatments’ might be adequate to achieve a sufficient protection against fungal decay by treatment with biocides, the effect on how wood treated by chemical wood modification systems performs with regard to the resistance against wood-destroying organisms, is not yet known.\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Durability classification of preservative treated and modified wood.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Bollmus, S.; Bächle, L.; Brischke, C.; and Militz, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In Proceedings IRG Annual Meeting, pages 17, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada, May 2019. \n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n doi\n  \n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@inproceedings{bollmus_durability_2019,\n\taddress = {Quebec City, Quebec, Canada},\n\ttitle = {Durability classification of preservative treated and modified wood},\n\tdoi = {IRG/WP/19-20659},\n\tlanguage = {eng},\n\tbooktitle = {Proceedings {IRG} {Annual} {Meeting}},\n\tauthor = {Bollmus, Susanne and Bächle, Lena and Brischke, Christian and Militz, Holger},\n\tmonth = may,\n\tyear = {2019},\n\tpages = {17},\n\tfile = {Bollmus et al. - 2019 - Durability classification of preservative treated .pdf:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\PMS488YL\\\\Bollmus et al. - 2019 - Durability classification of preservative treated .pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Impact of drill bit feed rate and rotational frequency on the evaluation of wood properties by drilling resistance measurements.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Sharapov, E.; Brischke, C.; Militz, H.; and Toropov, A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n International Wood Products Journal, 0(0): 1–11. November 2019.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n \"ImpactPaper\n  \n \n\n \n \n doi\n  \n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n  \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@article{sharapov_impact_2019,\n\ttitle = {Impact of drill bit feed rate and rotational frequency on the evaluation of wood properties by drilling resistance measurements},\n\tvolume = {0},\n\tissn = {2042-6445},\n\turl = {https://doi.org/10.1080/20426445.2019.1688455},\n\tdoi = {10.1080/20426445.2019.1688455},\n\tabstract = {IML-Resi PD-400 drilling tools (IML System GmbH, Wiesloch, Germany) were used to study the influence of the feed rate and the rotational frequency of the drill bit on the drilling resistance (DR) measurements. The study presents theoretical aspects concerning chip formation, kinematics (speeds, cutting angles, chip thickness) and cutting forces distribution during the drilling process. Drill bit rotational frequency and feed rate have an impact on nominal chip thickness or a feed rate per major cutting edge of the drill bit, and were correlated to DR measurements. Varied rotational frequency and feed rate had a significant impact on DR and feeding resistance (FR). Positive correlations between feed rate per major cutting edge and DR (FR) for the individually tested wood species can be described by allometric functions (R2 = 0.93–0.99). Wood density had a partial impact on correlations between feed rate per major cutting edge and DR (FR).},\n\tnumber = {0},\n\turldate = {2019-12-13},\n\tjournal = {International Wood Products Journal},\n\tauthor = {Sharapov, Evgenii and Brischke, Christian and Militz, Holger and Toropov, Aleksandr},\n\tmonth = nov,\n\tyear = {2019},\n\tkeywords = {cutting force, drill bit, Drilling resistance measurements, feed rate, non-destructive testing of wood, rotational frequency, wood cutting, wood properties},\n\tpages = {1--11},\n\tfile = {Sharapov et al. - 2019 - Impact of drill bit feed rate and rotational frequ.pdf:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\BP2LABLD\\\\Sharapov et al. - 2019 - Impact of drill bit feed rate and rotational frequ.pdf:application/pdf;Snapshot:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\XAI89DUL\\\\20426445.2019.html:text/html},\n}\n\n
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\n IML-Resi PD-400 drilling tools (IML System GmbH, Wiesloch, Germany) were used to study the influence of the feed rate and the rotational frequency of the drill bit on the drilling resistance (DR) measurements. The study presents theoretical aspects concerning chip formation, kinematics (speeds, cutting angles, chip thickness) and cutting forces distribution during the drilling process. Drill bit rotational frequency and feed rate have an impact on nominal chip thickness or a feed rate per major cutting edge of the drill bit, and were correlated to DR measurements. Varied rotational frequency and feed rate had a significant impact on DR and feeding resistance (FR). Positive correlations between feed rate per major cutting edge and DR (FR) for the individually tested wood species can be described by allometric functions (R2 = 0.93–0.99). Wood density had a partial impact on correlations between feed rate per major cutting edge and DR (FR).\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Physico-mechanical properties of thermally modified Eucalyptus nitens wood for decking applications.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Wentzel, M.; González-Prieto, Ó.; Brischke, C.; and Militz, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Drvna industrija, 70(3): 235–245. September 2019.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n \"Physico-mechanicalPaper\n  \n \n\n \n \n doi\n  \n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n  \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
\n 
@article{wentzel_physico-mechanical_2019,\n\ttitle = {Physico-mechanical properties of thermally modified \\textit{{Eucalyptus} nitens} wood for decking applications},\n\tvolume = {70},\n\tissn = {18471153, 00126772},\n\turl = {https://hrcak.srce.hr/225629},\n\tdoi = {10.5552/drvind.2019.1838},\n\tabstract = {Eucalyptus nitens is a fast growing plantation species that has a good acclimation in Spain and Chile. At the moment it is mainly used for pulp and paper production, but there is a growing market for solid wood products made from this species. Thermal modification offers a good alternative to produce high quality material to manufacture products with high added value. This study used unmodified and thermally modified E. nitens wood from Spanish and Chilean plantations to elaborate external decking and examine if it complies with the necessary properties to be a competitive product. A process similar to ThermoWood® was applied at the following temperatures: 185 °C, 200 °C and 215 °C. For each modification and for an unmodified specimen mass loss, volumetric swelling, anti-swelling efficiency (ASE) and equilibrium moisture content (EMC) were determined. Brinell hardness, dynamic hardness, screw and nail withdrawal resistance, and abrasion resistance according to the Shaker method and the Taber Abraser method were also determined. According to this study, thermally modified E. nitens from both countries showed high potential to be used as decking material, particularly when modified at 200 °C.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {3},\n\turldate = {2019-12-13},\n\tjournal = {Drvna industrija},\n\tauthor = {Wentzel, Maximilian and González-Prieto, Óscar and Brischke, Christian and Militz, Holger},\n\tmonth = sep,\n\tyear = {2019},\n\tpages = {235--245},\n\tfile = {Wentzel et al. - 2019 - Physico-mechanical properties of thermally modifie.pdf:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\IM6U4MRU\\\\Wentzel et al. - 2019 - Physico-mechanical properties of thermally modifie.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n Eucalyptus nitens is a fast growing plantation species that has a good acclimation in Spain and Chile. At the moment it is mainly used for pulp and paper production, but there is a growing market for solid wood products made from this species. Thermal modification offers a good alternative to produce high quality material to manufacture products with high added value. This study used unmodified and thermally modified E. nitens wood from Spanish and Chilean plantations to elaborate external decking and examine if it complies with the necessary properties to be a competitive product. A process similar to ThermoWood® was applied at the following temperatures: 185 °C, 200 °C and 215 °C. For each modification and for an unmodified specimen mass loss, volumetric swelling, anti-swelling efficiency (ASE) and equilibrium moisture content (EMC) were determined. Brinell hardness, dynamic hardness, screw and nail withdrawal resistance, and abrasion resistance according to the Shaker method and the Taber Abraser method were also determined. According to this study, thermally modified E. nitens from both countries showed high potential to be used as decking material, particularly when modified at 200 °C.\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Coating performance on glutaraldehyde-modified wood.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Xiao, Z.; Chen, H.; Mai, C.; Militz, H.; and Xie, Y.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Journal of Forestry Research, 30(1): 353–361. February 2019.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n \"CoatingPaper\n  \n \n\n \n \n doi\n  \n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n  \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@article{xiao_coating_2019,\n\ttitle = {Coating performance on glutaraldehyde-modified wood},\n\tvolume = {30},\n\tissn = {1993-0607},\n\turl = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s11676-018-0620-y},\n\tdoi = {10.1007/s11676-018-0620-y},\n\tabstract = {Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) panels were modified with glutaraldehyde (GA) to various weight percent gains and subsequently coated with several commercial coatings. The drying rate and adhesion of the coatings on the modified wood were measured; the coated/modified woods were exposed outdoors to analyze how the wood modifications influence the coating deterioration. The results showed that GA modification caused an increase in the drying rate of the waterborne coatings, but had no influence on drying of tested solvent-borne coatings. GA-modification did not change the dry adhesion but reduced the wood strength in a pull-off test. Wet adhesion of waterborne coatings was improved, while that of the solvent-borne coatings tended to be somewhat reduced. During 22 months of outdoor weathering, the coated/modified samples exhibited lower moisture content than the coated/unmodified samples, but GA modification didn’t contribute a substantially synergistic effect with surface coatings on resistance to weathering.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {1},\n\turldate = {2019-11-18},\n\tjournal = {Journal of Forestry Research},\n\tauthor = {Xiao, Zefang and Chen, Haiou and Mai, Carsten and Militz, Holger and Xie, Yanjun},\n\tmonth = feb,\n\tyear = {2019},\n\tkeywords = {Adhesion, Chemical modification, Coating, Glutaraldehyde, Weathering},\n\tpages = {353--361},\n\tfile = {Springer Full Text PDF:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\HV2UM8CI\\\\Xiao et al. - 2019 - Coating performance on glutaraldehyde-modified woo.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) panels were modified with glutaraldehyde (GA) to various weight percent gains and subsequently coated with several commercial coatings. The drying rate and adhesion of the coatings on the modified wood were measured; the coated/modified woods were exposed outdoors to analyze how the wood modifications influence the coating deterioration. The results showed that GA modification caused an increase in the drying rate of the waterborne coatings, but had no influence on drying of tested solvent-borne coatings. GA-modification did not change the dry adhesion but reduced the wood strength in a pull-off test. Wet adhesion of waterborne coatings was improved, while that of the solvent-borne coatings tended to be somewhat reduced. During 22 months of outdoor weathering, the coated/modified samples exhibited lower moisture content than the coated/unmodified samples, but GA modification didn’t contribute a substantially synergistic effect with surface coatings on resistance to weathering.\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Non-biocide antifungal and anti-termite wood preservation treatments based on combinations of thermal modification with different chemical additives.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Mubarok, M.; Dumarcay, S.; Militz, H.; Candelier, K.; Thévenon, M. F.; and Gérardin, P.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n European Journal of Wood and Wood Products, 77(6): 1125–1136. November 2019.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n \"Non-biocidePaper\n  \n \n\n \n \n doi\n  \n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n  \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
\n 
@article{mubarok_non-biocide_2019,\n\ttitle = {Non-biocide antifungal and anti-termite wood preservation treatments based on combinations of thermal modification with different chemical additives},\n\tvolume = {77},\n\tissn = {0018-3768, 1436-736X},\n\turl = {http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s00107-019-01468-x},\n\tdoi = {10.1007/s00107-019-01468-x},\n\tabstract = {The synergic effect between a mild chemical and thermal modification of beech wood (Fagus sylvatica) has been studied. A low concentration of additives based on vinylic-polyglycerol, vinylic-glycerol, and maleic anhydride was impregnated into beech wood, followed by curing under different temperature conditions at 103, 150, 200, and 220 °C. The modified wood was then analyzed for its leaching resistance, dimensional stability, wettability, modulus of elasticity (MOE) and modulus of rupture (MOR) in bending, decay resistance against Trametes versicolor, and termite resistance against Reticulitermes flavipes. Results have disclosed a synergic effect of thermo-chemical wood modification under 200 and 220 °C curing conditions. At these curing temperatures, thermo-chemically modified beech presents improved dimensional stability ({\\textgreater} 60\\%) and better resistance against both Trametes versicolor and Reticulitermes flavipes compared to the control. However, at the same conditions, MOE and MOR values were lowered by approximately 25\\% and 60\\%, respectively.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {6},\n\turldate = {2019-11-15},\n\tjournal = {European Journal of Wood and Wood Products},\n\tauthor = {Mubarok, Mahdi and Dumarcay, Stéphane and Militz, Holger and Candelier, Kévin and Thévenon, Marie France and Gérardin, Philippe},\n\tmonth = nov,\n\tyear = {2019},\n\tpages = {1125--1136},\n\tfile = {Mubarok et al. - 2019 - Non-biocide antifungal and anti-termite wood prese.pdf:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\XYJJM6NW\\\\Mubarok et al. - 2019 - Non-biocide antifungal and anti-termite wood prese.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n The synergic effect between a mild chemical and thermal modification of beech wood (Fagus sylvatica) has been studied. A low concentration of additives based on vinylic-polyglycerol, vinylic-glycerol, and maleic anhydride was impregnated into beech wood, followed by curing under different temperature conditions at 103, 150, 200, and 220 °C. The modified wood was then analyzed for its leaching resistance, dimensional stability, wettability, modulus of elasticity (MOE) and modulus of rupture (MOR) in bending, decay resistance against Trametes versicolor, and termite resistance against Reticulitermes flavipes. Results have disclosed a synergic effect of thermo-chemical wood modification under 200 and 220 °C curing conditions. At these curing temperatures, thermo-chemically modified beech presents improved dimensional stability (\\textgreater 60%) and better resistance against both Trametes versicolor and Reticulitermes flavipes compared to the control. However, at the same conditions, MOE and MOR values were lowered by approximately 25% and 60%, respectively.\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Resistance of Injection Molded Wood-Polypropylene Composites against Basidiomycetes According to EN 15534-1: New Insights on the Test Procedure, Structural Alterations, and Impact of Wood Source.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Krause, K. C.; Brischke, C.; Koddenberg, T.; Buschalsky, A.; Militz, H.; and Krause, A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Fibers, 7(10): 92. October 2019.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n \"ResistancePaper\n  \n \n\n \n \n doi\n  \n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n  \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
\n 
@article{krause_resistance_2019,\n\ttitle = {Resistance of {Injection} {Molded} {Wood}-{Polypropylene} {Composites} against {Basidiomycetes} {According} to {EN} 15534-1: {New} {Insights} on the {Test} {Procedure}, {Structural} {Alterations}, and {Impact} of {Wood} {Source}},\n\tvolume = {7},\n\tcopyright = {http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/},\n\tshorttitle = {Resistance of {Injection} {Molded} {Wood}-{Polypropylene} {Composites} against {Basidiomycetes} {According} to {EN} 15534-1},\n\turl = {https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6439/7/10/92},\n\tdoi = {10.3390/fib7100092},\n\tabstract = {In this study, we investigated injection molded wood-polypropylene composites based on various wood sources and their decay resistance against white rot (Trametes versicolor) and brown rot (Coniophora puteana) in a laboratory test according to EN 15534-1:2014. The manufactured composites consisted of poplar (Populus spp.), willow (Salix spp.), European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.), Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) H. Karst.), and a commercial wood source (Arbocel\\&reg; C100), respectively. All formulations were compounded on a co-rotating twin screw extruder and subsequently injection molded to wood\\&ndash;PP specimens with a wood content of 60\\% or 70\\% by weight. It was found that the test procedure had a significant effect on the mechanical properties. Loss in mechanical properties was primarily caused by moisture and less by fungal decay. Moisture caused a loss in the modulus of rupture and modulus of elasticity of 34 to 45\\% and 29 to 73\\%, respectively. Mean mass and wood mass losses were up to a maximum of 3.7\\% and 5.3\\%, respectively. The high resistance against fungal decay was generally attributed to the encapsulation of wood by the polymer matrix caused by sample preparation, and enhanced by reduced moisture uptake during the preconditioning procedure. Notable differences with respect to the wood particle source and decay fungi were also observed. Structural characterization confirmed the decay pattern of the fungi such as void cavities close the surface and the deposition of calcium oxalates.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {10},\n\turldate = {2019-10-24},\n\tjournal = {Fibers},\n\tauthor = {Krause, Kim Christian and Brischke, Christian and Koddenberg, Tim and Buschalsky, Andreas and Militz, Holger and Krause, Andreas},\n\tmonth = oct,\n\tyear = {2019},\n\tkeywords = {durability test, WPC, basidiomycetes, EN 15534-1, mechanical properties, wood–moisture interaction, wood–polypropylene composites, x-ray micro-computed tomography},\n\tpages = {92},\n\tfile = {Krause et al. - 2019 - Resistance of Injection Molded Wood-Polypropylene .pdf:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\LWIUKSB8\\\\Krause et al. - 2019 - Resistance of Injection Molded Wood-Polypropylene .pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n In this study, we investigated injection molded wood-polypropylene composites based on various wood sources and their decay resistance against white rot (Trametes versicolor) and brown rot (Coniophora puteana) in a laboratory test according to EN 15534-1:2014. The manufactured composites consisted of poplar (Populus spp.), willow (Salix spp.), European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.), Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) H. Karst.), and a commercial wood source (Arbocel® C100), respectively. All formulations were compounded on a co-rotating twin screw extruder and subsequently injection molded to wood–PP specimens with a wood content of 60% or 70% by weight. It was found that the test procedure had a significant effect on the mechanical properties. Loss in mechanical properties was primarily caused by moisture and less by fungal decay. Moisture caused a loss in the modulus of rupture and modulus of elasticity of 34 to 45% and 29 to 73%, respectively. Mean mass and wood mass losses were up to a maximum of 3.7% and 5.3%, respectively. The high resistance against fungal decay was generally attributed to the encapsulation of wood by the polymer matrix caused by sample preparation, and enhanced by reduced moisture uptake during the preconditioning procedure. Notable differences with respect to the wood particle source and decay fungi were also observed. Structural characterization confirmed the decay pattern of the fungi such as void cavities close the surface and the deposition of calcium oxalates.\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Prediction of wood properties by drilling resistance measurements at different speeds and directions of drilling.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Sharapov, E.; Brischke, C.; Militz, H.; Smirnova, E.; and Herbener, J.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In Proceedings: 21st International Nondestructive Testing and Evaluation of Wood Symposium, pages 706, Freiburg, Germany, September 2019. \n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@inproceedings{sharapov_prediction_2019-1,\n\taddress = {Freiburg, Germany},\n\ttitle = {Prediction of wood properties by drilling resistance measurements at different speeds and directions of drilling},\n\tbooktitle = {Proceedings: 21st {International} {Nondestructive} {Testing} and {Evaluation} of {Wood} {Symposium}},\n\tauthor = {Sharapov, E. and Brischke, C. and Militz, H. and Smirnova, E. and Herbener, J.},\n\tmonth = sep,\n\tyear = {2019},\n\tpages = {706},\n\tfile = {Sharapov et al. - 2019 - Prediction of wood properties by drilling resistan.pdf:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\TNQXSK3I\\\\Sharapov et al. - 2019 - Prediction of wood properties by drilling resistan.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Quantitative detection of fungal decay by drilling resistance measurements in solid wood and laminated veneer lumber.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Brischke, C.; Sharapov, E.; Bicke, S.; Militz, H.; Steeg, J.; and Smirnova, E.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In 5th International Conference on Structural Health Assessment of Timber Structures, pages 495–503, Guimarães, Portugal, September 2019. \n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@inproceedings{brischke_quantitative_2019,\n\taddress = {Guimarães, Portugal},\n\ttitle = {Quantitative detection of fungal decay by drilling resistance measurements in solid wood and laminated veneer lumber},\n\tbooktitle = {5th {International} {Conference} on {Structural} {Health} {Assessment} of {Timber} {Structures}},\n\tauthor = {Brischke, C. and Sharapov, E. and Bicke, S. and Militz, H. and Steeg, J. and Smirnova, E.},\n\tmonth = sep,\n\tyear = {2019},\n\tpages = {495--503},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Mitigating climate change. Creating value. Utilising resources efficiently - The Charter for Wood 2.0 from the federal ministry of food and agriculture in Germany.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Militz, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In Proceedings of the 15th Annual Meeting of the Northern European Network on Wood Science and Engineering (WSE), pages 167, Lund, Sweden, October 2019. \n \n\n\n\n
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@inproceedings{militz_mitigating_2019,\n\taddress = {Lund, Sweden},\n\ttitle = {Mitigating climate change. {Creating} value. {Utilising} resources efficiently - {The} {Charter} for {Wood} 2.0 from the federal ministry of food and agriculture in {Germany}},\n\tbooktitle = {Proceedings of the 15th {Annual} {Meeting} of the {Northern} {European} {Network} on {Wood} {Science} and {Engineering} ({WSE})},\n\tauthor = {Militz, H.},\n\tmonth = oct,\n\tyear = {2019},\n\tpages = {167},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n New insight regarding the mode of action of cyclic n-methylolcompounds in wood.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Emmerich, L.; Altgen, M.; Rautkari, L.; and Militz, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In Proceedings of the 15th Annual Meeting of the Northern European Network on Wood Science and Engineering (WSE), pages 110–112, Lund, Sweden, October 2019. \n \n\n\n\n
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@inproceedings{emmerich_new_2019,\n\taddress = {Lund, Sweden},\n\ttitle = {New insight regarding the mode of action of cyclic n-methylolcompounds in wood},\n\tbooktitle = {Proceedings of the 15th {Annual} {Meeting} of the {Northern} {European} {Network} on {Wood} {Science} and {Engineering} ({WSE})},\n\tauthor = {Emmerich, L. and Altgen, M. and Rautkari, L. and Militz, H.},\n\tmonth = oct,\n\tyear = {2019},\n\tpages = {110--112},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Wood Protection through Plasma Powder Deposition—An Alternative Coating Process.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Köhler, R.; Sauerbier, P.; Ohms, G.; Viöl, W.; and Militz, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Forests, 10(10): 898. October 2019.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n \"WoodPaper\n  \n \n\n \n \n doi\n  \n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n  \n \n 1 download\n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@article{kohler_wood_2019,\n\ttitle = {Wood {Protection} through {Plasma} {Powder} {Deposition}—{An} {Alternative} {Coating} {Process}},\n\tvolume = {10},\n\tissn = {1999-4907},\n\turl = {https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4907/10/10/898},\n\tdoi = {10.3390/f10100898},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {10},\n\turldate = {2019-10-14},\n\tjournal = {Forests},\n\tauthor = {Köhler, Robert and Sauerbier, Philipp and Ohms, Gisela and Viöl, Wolfgang and Militz, Holger},\n\tmonth = oct,\n\tyear = {2019},\n\tpages = {898},\n\tfile = {Köhler et al. - 2019 - Wood Protection through Plasma Powder Deposition—A.pdf:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\5KZC3RL4\\\\Köhler et al. - 2019 - Wood Protection through Plasma Powder Deposition—A.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Volumetric estimate of bordered pits in Pinus sylvestris based on X-ray tomography and light microscopy imaging.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Koddenberg, T.; Wentzel, M.; and Militz, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Micron, 124: 102704. September 2019.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n \"VolumetricPaper\n  \n \n\n \n \n doi\n  \n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n  \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n  \n \n 1 download\n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@article{koddenberg_volumetric_2019,\n\ttitle = {Volumetric estimate of bordered pits in {Pinus} sylvestris based on {X}-ray tomography and light microscopy imaging},\n\tvolume = {124},\n\tissn = {0968-4328},\n\turl = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S096843281930109X},\n\tdoi = {10.1016/j.micron.2019.102704},\n\tabstract = {Bordered pits are a major determinant for the hydraulic function of wood tissues. Unlike microscopic imaging (e.g. light and electron microscopy) that is constrained to two-dimensional (2D) information, X-ray micro-computed tomography (XμCT) contributes to three-dimensional (3D) analysis. This advantage was used to estimate the volume of bordered pits in Pinus sylvestris. The 3D data obtained by XμCT were compared with two mathematical models (ellipsoid model and spherical cap model) using 2D data obtained by transmission light microscopy and XμCT. The findings of this study showed that the volume approximation using the ellipsoid model revealed values close to the volumes, which were three-dimensionally obtained by XμCT. This trend, however, is more pronounced for pits in earlywood than in latewood. Nevertheless, this study demonstrated that microscopic images can also be used for the approximation of pit volumes to some extent. Researchers should be aware of limitations that come with the 3D method (e.g. resolution, image analysis) and 2D method (unknown location of the section in the pit) as well as the natural variation of the pit morphology.},\n\turldate = {2019-07-24},\n\tjournal = {Micron},\n\tauthor = {Koddenberg, Tim and Wentzel, Maximilian and Militz, Holger},\n\tmonth = sep,\n\tyear = {2019},\n\tkeywords = {Bordered pit, Image analysis, Pit volume, Three-dimensional imaging, Transmission light microscopy, X-ray micro-computed tomography},\n\tpages = {102704},\n\tfile = {Koddenberg et al. - 2019 - Volumetric estimate of bordered pits in Pinus sylv.pdf:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\5YW2MKUS\\\\Koddenberg et al. - 2019 - Volumetric estimate of bordered pits in Pinus sylv.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n Bordered pits are a major determinant for the hydraulic function of wood tissues. Unlike microscopic imaging (e.g. light and electron microscopy) that is constrained to two-dimensional (2D) information, X-ray micro-computed tomography (XμCT) contributes to three-dimensional (3D) analysis. This advantage was used to estimate the volume of bordered pits in Pinus sylvestris. The 3D data obtained by XμCT were compared with two mathematical models (ellipsoid model and spherical cap model) using 2D data obtained by transmission light microscopy and XμCT. The findings of this study showed that the volume approximation using the ellipsoid model revealed values close to the volumes, which were three-dimensionally obtained by XμCT. This trend, however, is more pronounced for pits in earlywood than in latewood. Nevertheless, this study demonstrated that microscopic images can also be used for the approximation of pit volumes to some extent. Researchers should be aware of limitations that come with the 3D method (e.g. resolution, image analysis) and 2D method (unknown location of the section in the pit) as well as the natural variation of the pit morphology.\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Visual and machine strength grading of European ash and maple for glulam application.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Kovryga, A.; Schlotzhauer, P.; Stapel, P.; Militz, H.; and van de Kuilen, J. G.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Holzforschung, 73(8): 773–787. July 2019.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n \"VisualPaper\n  \n \n\n \n \n doi\n  \n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
\n 
@article{kovryga_visual_2019,\n\ttitle = {Visual and machine strength grading of {European} ash and maple for glulam application},\n\tvolume = {73},\n\tissn = {1437-434X, 0018-3830},\n\turl = {http://www.degruyter.com/view/j/hfsg.ahead-of-print/hf-2018-0142/hf-2018-0142.xml},\n\tdoi = {10.1515/hf-2018-0142},\n\tnumber = {8},\n\turldate = {2019-03-25},\n\tjournal = {Holzforschung},\n\tauthor = {Kovryga, Andriy and Schlotzhauer, Philipp and Stapel, Peter and Militz, Holger and van de Kuilen, Jan-Willem G.},\n\tmonth = jul,\n\tyear = {2019},\n\tpages = {773--787},\n\tfile = {Kovryga et al. - 2019 - Visual and machine strength grading of European as.pdf:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\C9S7IPDD\\\\Kovryga et al. - 2019 - Visual and machine strength grading of European as.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Analysis of Economic Feasibility of Ash and Maple Lamella Production for Glued Laminated Timber.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Schlotzhauer, P.; Kovryga, A.; Emmerich, L.; Bollmus, S.; Van de Kuilen, J.; and Militz, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Forests, 10(7): 529. July 2019.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n \"AnalysisPaper\n  \n \n\n \n \n doi\n  \n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n  \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
\n 
@article{schlotzhauer_analysis_2019,\n\ttitle = {Analysis of {Economic} {Feasibility} of {Ash} and {Maple} {Lamella} {Production} for {Glued} {Laminated} {Timber}},\n\tvolume = {10},\n\tcopyright = {http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/},\n\turl = {https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4907/10/7/529},\n\tdoi = {10.3390/f10070529},\n\tabstract = {Background and Objectives: In the near future, in Europe a raised availability of hardwoods is expected. One possible sales market is the building sector, where medium dense European hardwoods could be used as load bearing elements. For the hardwood species beech, oak, and sweet chestnut technical building approvals already allow the production of hardwood glulam. For the species maple and ash this is not possible yet. This paper aims to evaluate the economic feasibility of glulam production from low dimension ash and maple timber from thinnings. Therefore, round wood qualities and the resulting lumber qualities are assessed and final as well as intermediate yields are calculated. Materials and Methods: 81 maple logs and 79 ash logs cut from trees from thinning operations in mixed (beech) forest stands were visually graded, cant sawn, and turned into strength-graded glulam lamellas. The volume yield of each production step was calculated. Results: The highest volume yield losses occur during milling of round wood (around 50\\%) and \\&ldquo;presorting and planning\\&rdquo; the dried lumber (56\\&ndash;60\\%). Strength grading is another key process in the production process. When grading according to DIN 4074-5 (2008), another 40\\&ndash;50\\% volume loss is reported, while combined visual and machine grading only produces 7\\&ndash;15\\% rejects. Conclusions: Yield raise potentials were identified especially in the production steps milling, presorting and planning and strength grading.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {7},\n\turldate = {2019-06-26},\n\tjournal = {Forests},\n\tauthor = {Schlotzhauer, Philipp and Kovryga, Andriy and Emmerich, Lukas and Bollmus, Susanne and Van de Kuilen, Jan-Willem and Militz, Holger},\n\tmonth = jul,\n\tyear = {2019},\n\tkeywords = {European hardwoods, glulam, low quality round wood, strength grading, volume yield},\n\tpages = {529},\n\tfile = {Full Text PDF:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\A4HRNTQP\\\\Schlotzhauer et al. - 2019 - Analysis of Economic Feasibility of Ash and Maple .pdf:application/pdf;Snapshot:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\VH2KH8NV\\\\529.html:text/html},\n}\n\n
\n
\n\n\n
\n Background and Objectives: In the near future, in Europe a raised availability of hardwoods is expected. One possible sales market is the building sector, where medium dense European hardwoods could be used as load bearing elements. For the hardwood species beech, oak, and sweet chestnut technical building approvals already allow the production of hardwood glulam. For the species maple and ash this is not possible yet. This paper aims to evaluate the economic feasibility of glulam production from low dimension ash and maple timber from thinnings. Therefore, round wood qualities and the resulting lumber qualities are assessed and final as well as intermediate yields are calculated. Materials and Methods: 81 maple logs and 79 ash logs cut from trees from thinning operations in mixed (beech) forest stands were visually graded, cant sawn, and turned into strength-graded glulam lamellas. The volume yield of each production step was calculated. Results: The highest volume yield losses occur during milling of round wood (around 50%) and “presorting and planning” the dried lumber (56–60%). Strength grading is another key process in the production process. When grading according to DIN 4074-5 (2008), another 40–50% volume loss is reported, while combined visual and machine grading only produces 7–15% rejects. Conclusions: Yield raise potentials were identified especially in the production steps milling, presorting and planning and strength grading.\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Activation of glucose with Fenton’s reagent: chemical structures of activated products and their reaction efficacy toward cellulosic material.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Guo, W.; Xiao, Z.; Tang, L.; Zhang, Z.; Wang, Y.; Lv, J.; Militz, H.; and Xie, Y.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Holzforschung, 73(6): 579–587. 2019.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n \"ActivationPaper\n  \n \n\n \n \n doi\n  \n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n  \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n  \n \n 1 download\n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
\n 
@article{guo_activation_2019,\n\ttitle = {Activation of glucose with {Fenton}’s reagent: chemical structures of activated products and their reaction efficacy toward cellulosic material},\n\tvolume = {73},\n\tissn = {1437-434X},\n\tshorttitle = {Activation of glucose with {Fenton}’s reagent},\n\turl = {https://www.degruyter.com/view/j/hfsg.2019.73.issue-6/hf-2018-0153/hf-2018-0153.xml},\n\tdoi = {10.1515/hf-2018-0153},\n\tabstract = {The release of harmful volatiles, such as formaldehyde, is a major issue of the chemical modification of wood that limits the utilization of the modified wood in indoor environment. In this study, glucose (Glc) was activated with Fenton’s reagent under various conditions and the chemical structure of the activated Glc was characterized. Also, the reactivity of the activated Glc toward filter paper as a wood model was evaluated. The results show that the H2O2 concentration controlled the activation ratio of Glc. Additionally, the Fe(II) concentration and activation temperature determined mainly the oxidation reaction rate. The Fenton reaction in an acidic solution resulted in higher activation efficacy of Glc and better fixation in the filter paper, compared to the reaction in an alkaline solution. The Glc cannot be fixed in the filter paper, but the activated Glc exhibited a fixation ratio of up to 48.2\\% due to the formation of carboxyl and aldehyde groups, as evidenced by Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). It was demonstrated that activation of Glc with the Fenton’s reagent is a feasible and eco-friendly approach and the activated products have a high potential for wood modification.},\n\tnumber = {6},\n\turldate = {2019-06-03},\n\tjournal = {Holzforschung},\n\tauthor = {Guo, Wenjun and Xiao, Zefang and Tang, Lian and Zhang, Zhijun and Wang, Yonggui and Lv, Jianxiong and Militz, Holger and Xie, Yanjun},\n\tyear = {2019},\n\tkeywords = {wood modification, Fenton’s reagent, activation, chemical structure, glucose (Glc), hydroxyl radical, oxidative reactivity, weight percent gain},\n\tpages = {579--587},\n}\n\n
\n
\n\n\n
\n The release of harmful volatiles, such as formaldehyde, is a major issue of the chemical modification of wood that limits the utilization of the modified wood in indoor environment. In this study, glucose (Glc) was activated with Fenton’s reagent under various conditions and the chemical structure of the activated Glc was characterized. Also, the reactivity of the activated Glc toward filter paper as a wood model was evaluated. The results show that the H2O2 concentration controlled the activation ratio of Glc. Additionally, the Fe(II) concentration and activation temperature determined mainly the oxidation reaction rate. The Fenton reaction in an acidic solution resulted in higher activation efficacy of Glc and better fixation in the filter paper, compared to the reaction in an alkaline solution. The Glc cannot be fixed in the filter paper, but the activated Glc exhibited a fixation ratio of up to 48.2% due to the formation of carboxyl and aldehyde groups, as evidenced by Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). It was demonstrated that activation of Glc with the Fenton’s reagent is a feasible and eco-friendly approach and the activated products have a high potential for wood modification.\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Dynamic and static mechanical properties of Eucalyptus nitens thermally modified in an open and closed reactor system.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Wentzel, M.; Brischke, C.; and Militz, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Maderas. Ciencia y tecnología, (ahead): 0–0. 2019.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n \"DynamicPaper\n  \n \n\n \n \n doi\n  \n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n  \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@article{wentzel_dynamic_2019,\n\ttitle = {Dynamic and static mechanical properties of {Eucalyptus} nitens thermally modified in an open and closed reactor system},\n\tissn = {0718-221X},\n\turl = {http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0718-221X2019005000201&lng=en&nrm=iso&tlng=en},\n\tdoi = {10.4067/S0718-221X2019005000201},\n\tabstract = {Eucalyptus nitens is a fast growing plantation species that has a good acclimation in Chile. It is commonly used for pulp and paper, but there is a growing market for solid wood products made from this species and an interest on producing high quality material. Thermal modification technology have been used to obtain high quality product out of fast growing plantation species. In this study we modified Eucalyptus nitens to analyse the influences of the process conditions and evaluated its mechanical properties under several process conditions. The material was modified in a closed system under elevated pressure and controlled relative humidity (30 and 100\\% relative humidity) at temperatures between 150 and 170°C, and in an open system with a standard thermal modification procedure between 160 and 230°C. Modulus of elasticity, modulus of rupture, deflection and work in bending (in elastic and inelastic proportions) and the resistance to impact milling in high energy multiple impact tests were determined. Mass loss after each modification was also measured and correlated with the mechanical properties. Anatomical properties of selected modifications were analysed. There were no significant differences between open and closed system modifications in both mechanical and anatomical properties},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {ahead},\n\turldate = {2019-12-13},\n\tjournal = {Maderas. Ciencia y tecnología},\n\tauthor = {Wentzel, Maximilian and Brischke, Christian and Militz, Holger},\n\tyear = {2019},\n\tpages = {0--0},\n\tfile = {Full Text PDF:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\DZCLYALW\\\\Wentzel et al. - 2019 - Dynamic and static mechanical properties of Eucaly.pdf:application/pdf;Snapshot:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\DHRPNES2\\\\scielo.html:text/html;Wentzel et al. - 2019 - Dynamic and static mechanical properties of Eucaly.pdf:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\L9WQUXE8\\\\Wentzel et al. - 2019 - Dynamic and static mechanical properties of Eucaly.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n Eucalyptus nitens is a fast growing plantation species that has a good acclimation in Chile. It is commonly used for pulp and paper, but there is a growing market for solid wood products made from this species and an interest on producing high quality material. Thermal modification technology have been used to obtain high quality product out of fast growing plantation species. In this study we modified Eucalyptus nitens to analyse the influences of the process conditions and evaluated its mechanical properties under several process conditions. The material was modified in a closed system under elevated pressure and controlled relative humidity (30 and 100% relative humidity) at temperatures between 150 and 170°C, and in an open system with a standard thermal modification procedure between 160 and 230°C. Modulus of elasticity, modulus of rupture, deflection and work in bending (in elastic and inelastic proportions) and the resistance to impact milling in high energy multiple impact tests were determined. Mass loss after each modification was also measured and correlated with the mechanical properties. Anatomical properties of selected modifications were analysed. There were no significant differences between open and closed system modifications in both mechanical and anatomical properties\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Long-term performance of DMDHEU-treated wood exposed in ground, above ground and in the marine environment.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Emmerich, L.; Militz, H; and Brischke, C.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In pages 1–30, Johannesburg, South Africa, 2018. \n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n doi\n  \n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@inproceedings{emmerich_long-term_2018,\n\taddress = {Johannesburg, South Africa},\n\ttitle = {Long-term performance of {DMDHEU}-treated wood exposed in ground, above ground and in the marine environment},\n\tdoi = {IRG/WP 18-40825},\n\tauthor = {Emmerich, L. and Militz, H and Brischke, C.},\n\tyear = {2018},\n\tpages = {1--30},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Dynamic and static mechanical properties of Eucalyptus nitens thermally modified in an open and closed reactor system.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Wentzel, M.; Brischke, C.; and Militz, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In Proceedings of 9th European Conference on Wood Modification, pages 1–8, Arnhem, Netherlands, 2018. \n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@inproceedings{wentzel_dynamic_2018,\n\taddress = {Arnhem, Netherlands},\n\ttitle = {Dynamic and static mechanical properties of {Eucalyptus} nitens thermally modified in an open and closed reactor system},\n\tbooktitle = {Proceedings of 9th {European} {Conference} on {Wood} {Modification}},\n\tauthor = {Wentzel, M. and Brischke, C. and Militz, H.},\n\tyear = {2018},\n\tpages = {1--8},\n\tfile = {Wentzel et al. - 2018 - Dynamic and static mechanical properties of Eucaly.pdf:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\AR2BMX5J\\\\Wentzel et al. - 2018 - Dynamic and static mechanical properties of Eucaly.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Wood modification with DMDHEU (1.3-dimethylol-4.5-dihydroxyethyleneurea) – Status quo and latest research activities.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Emmerich, L.; and Militz, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In Proceedings of 9th European Conference on Wood Modification, pages 1–8, Arnhem, Netherlands, 2018. \n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@inproceedings{emmerich_wood_2018,\n\taddress = {Arnhem, Netherlands},\n\ttitle = {Wood modification with {DMDHEU} (1.3-dimethylol-4.5-dihydroxyethyleneurea) – {Status} quo and latest research activities},\n\tbooktitle = {Proceedings of 9th {European} {Conference} on {Wood} {Modification}},\n\tauthor = {Emmerich, L. and Militz, H.},\n\tyear = {2018},\n\tpages = {1--8},\n\tfile = {Emmerich und Militz - 2018 - Wood modification with DMDHEU (1.3-dimethylol-4.5-.pdf:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\NVX4MYVJ\\\\Emmerich und Militz - 2018 - Wood modification with DMDHEU (1.3-dimethylol-4.5-.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Effect of DMDHEU modification on physical and mechanical properties of top-layer lamellas for multi-layer parquet flooring.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Emmerich, L.; and Militz, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In Proceedings of 9th European Conference on Wood Modification, pages 1–8, Arnhem, Netherlands, 2018. \n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@inproceedings{emmerich_effect_2018,\n\taddress = {Arnhem, Netherlands},\n\ttitle = {Effect of {DMDHEU} modification on physical and mechanical properties of top-layer lamellas for multi-layer parquet flooring},\n\tbooktitle = {Proceedings of 9th {European} {Conference} on {Wood} {Modification}},\n\tauthor = {Emmerich, L. and Militz, H.},\n\tyear = {2018},\n\tpages = {1--8},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Performance of chemically modified wood under marine conditions during nine years of exposure.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Brischke, C.; Gellerich, A.; Klüppel, A.; and Militz, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In Proceedings of 9th European Conference on Wood Modification, pages 1–8, Arnhem, Netherlands, 2018. \n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@inproceedings{brischke_performance_2018,\n\taddress = {Arnhem, Netherlands},\n\ttitle = {Performance of chemically modified wood under marine conditions during nine years of exposure},\n\tbooktitle = {Proceedings of 9th {European} {Conference} on {Wood} {Modification}},\n\tauthor = {Brischke, C. and Gellerich, A. and Klüppel, A. and Militz, H.},\n\tyear = {2018},\n\tpages = {1--8},\n\tfile = {Christian et al. - 2018 - Performance of chemically modified wood under mari.pdf:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\3K7TJALN\\\\Christian et al. - 2018 - Performance of chemically modified wood under mari.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Suitability of Lignin-Derived Monophenols to Replace Phenol in Phenol-Formaldehyde Resin for the Use in Wood Treatment.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Biziks, V.; Fleckenstein, M.; Mai, C.; and Militz, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In Proceedings of 9th European Conference on Wood Modification, pages 1–8, Arnhem, Netherlands, 2018. \n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@inproceedings{biziks_suitability_2018,\n\taddress = {Arnhem, Netherlands},\n\ttitle = {Suitability of {Lignin}-{Derived} {Monophenols} to {Replace} {Phenol} in {Phenol}-{Formaldehyde} {Resin} for the {Use} in {Wood} {Treatment}},\n\tbooktitle = {Proceedings of 9th {European} {Conference} on {Wood} {Modification}},\n\tauthor = {Biziks, V. and Fleckenstein, M. and Mai, C. and Militz, H.},\n\tyear = {2018},\n\tpages = {1--8},\n\tfile = {Biziks et al. - 2018 - Suitability of Lignin-Derived Monophenols to Repla.pdf:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\IPXDNQGP\\\\Biziks et al. - 2018 - Suitability of Lignin-Derived Monophenols to Repla.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Strength grading of hardwood structural timber.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Schlotzhauer, P.; Bollmus, S.; and Militz, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In 8th Hardwood Conference, volume 8, pages 166–167, Sopron, Hungary, 2018. \n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@inproceedings{schlotzhauer_strength_2018,\n\taddress = {Sopron, Hungary},\n\ttitle = {Strength grading of hardwood structural timber},\n\tvolume = {8},\n\tlanguage = {English},\n\tbooktitle = {8th {Hardwood} {Conference}},\n\tauthor = {Schlotzhauer, Philipp and Bollmus, Susanne, Bollmus and Militz, Holger},\n\tyear = {2018},\n\tpages = {166--167},\n\tfile = {Schlotzhauer - Strength grading of hardwood structural timber.pdf:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\TNTFCPC7\\\\Schlotzhauer - Strength grading of hardwood structural timber.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Visual and machine strength grading characteristics of six European hardwoods.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Schlotzhauer, P.; Bollmus, S.; and Militz, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Holztechnologie, 61(6): 5–14. 2018.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@article{schlotzhauer_visual_2018,\n\ttitle = {Visual and machine strength grading characteristics of six {European} hardwoods},\n\tvolume = {61},\n\tlanguage = {English},\n\tnumber = {6},\n\tjournal = {Holztechnologie},\n\tauthor = {Schlotzhauer, Philipp and Bollmus, Susanne and Militz, Holger},\n\tyear = {2018},\n\tpages = {5--14},\n\tfile = {Schlotzhauer et al. - 2018 - Visual and machine strength grading characteristic.pdf:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\QHWICRKZ\\\\Schlotzhauer et al. - 2018 - Visual and machine strength grading characteristic.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Impact of plasma treatment under atmospheric pressure on surface chemistry and surface morphology of extruded and injection-molded wood-polymer composites (WPC).\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Hünnekens, B.; Avramidis, G.; Ohms, G.; Krause, A.; Viöl, W.; and Militz, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Applied Surface Science, 441: 564–574. May 2018.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n \"ImpactPaper\n  \n \n\n \n \n doi\n  \n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@article{hunnekens_impact_2018,\n\ttitle = {Impact of plasma treatment under atmospheric pressure on surface chemistry and surface morphology of extruded and injection-molded wood-polymer composites ({WPC})},\n\tvolume = {441},\n\tissn = {01694332},\n\turl = {http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0169433218303180},\n\tdoi = {10.1016/j.apsusc.2018.01.294},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\turldate = {2018-02-21},\n\tjournal = {Applied Surface Science},\n\tauthor = {Hünnekens, B. and Avramidis, G. and Ohms, G. and Krause, A. and Viöl, W. and Militz, H.},\n\tmonth = may,\n\tyear = {2018},\n\tpages = {564--574},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n The influence of curing conditions on properties of melamine modified wood.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Behr, G.; Gellerich, A.; Bollmus, S.; Brinker, S.; and Militz, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n European Journal of Wood and Wood Products, 76(4): 1263–1272. July 2018.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n \"ThePaper\n  \n \n\n \n \n doi\n  \n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
\n 
@article{behr_influence_2018,\n\ttitle = {The influence of curing conditions on properties of melamine modified wood},\n\tvolume = {76},\n\tissn = {0018-3768, 1436-736X},\n\turl = {http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s00107-018-1290-3},\n\tdoi = {10.1007/s00107-018-1290-3},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {4},\n\turldate = {2019-01-07},\n\tjournal = {European Journal of Wood and Wood Products},\n\tauthor = {Behr, Georg and Gellerich, Antje and Bollmus, Susanne and Brinker, Sascha and Militz, Holger},\n\tmonth = jul,\n\tyear = {2018},\n\tpages = {1263--1272},\n\tfile = {Behr et al. - 2018 - The influence of curing conditions on properties o.pdf:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\HI3NBMJ4\\\\Behr et al. - 2018 - The influence of curing conditions on properties o.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n The influence of curing conditions on the properties of European beech (Fagus sylvatica) modified with melamine resin assessed by light microscopy and SEM-EDX.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Behr, G.; Bollmus, S.; Gellerich, A.; and Militz, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n International Wood Products Journal, 9(1): 22–27. 2018.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n \"ThePaper\n  \n \n\n \n \n doi\n  \n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
\n 
@article{behr_influence_2018-1,\n\ttitle = {The influence of curing conditions on the properties of {European} beech ({Fagus} sylvatica) modified with melamine resin assessed by light microscopy and {SEM}-{EDX}},\n\tvolume = {9},\n\tissn = {2042-6445, 2042-6453},\n\turl = {https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/20426445.2017.1416738},\n\tdoi = {10.1080/20426445.2017.1416738},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {1},\n\turldate = {2018-01-05},\n\tjournal = {International Wood Products Journal},\n\tauthor = {Behr, Georg and Bollmus, Susanne and Gellerich, Antje and Militz, Holger},\n\tyear = {2018},\n\tpages = {22--27},\n\tfile = {Behr (2018) The influence of curing conditions on the properties of beech modified with melamine resin assessed by light microscopy and SEM-EDX.pdf:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\A9UYR9A2\\\\Behr (2018) The influence of curing conditions on the properties of beech modified with melamine resin assessed by light microscopy and SEM-EDX.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Combined effect of wood moisture content, drill bit rotational speed and feed rate on drilling resistance measurements in Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.).\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Sharapov, E.; Brischke, C.; Militz, H.; and Smirnova, E.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Wood Material Science & Engineering,1–8. 2018.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n doi\n  \n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@article{sharapov_combined_2018,\n\ttitle = {Combined effect of wood moisture content, drill bit rotational speed and feed rate on drilling resistance measurements in {Norway} spruce ({Picea} abies ({L}.) {Karst}.)},\n\tdoi = {https://doi.org/10.1080/17480272.2018.1557249},\n\tjournal = {Wood Material Science \\& Engineering},\n\tauthor = {Sharapov, E. and Brischke, C. and Militz, H. and Smirnova, E.},\n\tyear = {2018},\n\tpages = {1--8},\n\tfile = {Sharapov et al. - 2018 - Combined effect of wood moisture content, drill bi.pdf:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\4ERKV7JN\\\\Sharapov et al. - 2018 - Combined effect of wood moisture content, drill bi.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Added value and utilization of untreated and heat-treated poplar (Populus spp. L.) with and without treatment with N-methylol compounds.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Emmerich, L.; and Militz, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In Németh, R.; Teischinger, A.; Rademacher, P.; and Bak, M., editor(s), Proceedings of the 8th Hardwood Conference, pages 105–106, Sopron, Hungary, 2018. \n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
\n 
@inproceedings{emmerich_added_2018,\n\taddress = {Sopron, Hungary},\n\ttitle = {Added value and utilization of untreated and heat-treated poplar ({Populus} spp. {L}.) with and without treatment with {N}-methylol compounds.},\n\tbooktitle = {Proceedings of the 8th {Hardwood} {Conference}},\n\tauthor = {Emmerich, L. and Militz, H.},\n\teditor = {Németh, R. and Teischinger, A. and Rademacher, P. and Bak, M.},\n\tyear = {2018},\n\tpages = {105--106},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Effects of white rot and brown rot decay on the drilling resistance measurements in wood.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Sharapov, E.; Brischke, C.; Militz, H.; and Smirnova, E.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Holzforschung, 72(10): 905–913. October 2018.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n \"EffectsPaper\n  \n \n\n \n \n doi\n  \n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
\n 
@article{sharapov_effects_2018,\n\ttitle = {Effects of white rot and brown rot decay on the drilling resistance measurements in wood},\n\tvolume = {72},\n\tissn = {1437-434X, 0018-3830},\n\turl = {http://www.degruyter.com/view/j/hfsg.2018.72.issue-10/hf-2017-0204/hf-2017-0204.xml},\n\tdoi = {10.1515/hf-2017-0204},\n\tnumber = {10},\n\turldate = {2018-11-16},\n\tjournal = {Holzforschung},\n\tauthor = {Sharapov, E. and Brischke, C. and Militz, H. and Smirnova, E.},\n\tmonth = oct,\n\tyear = {2018},\n\tpages = {905--913},\n\tfile = {Sharapov et al. - 2018 - Effects of white rot and brown rot decay on the dr.pdf:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\HGZ3YNR4\\\\Sharapov et al. - 2018 - Effects of white rot and brown rot decay on the dr.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Morphological imaging and quantification of axial xylem tissue in Fraxinus excelsior L. through X-ray micro-computed tomography.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Koddenberg, T.; and Militz, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Micron, 111: 28–35. August 2018.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n \"MorphologicalPaper\n  \n \n\n \n \n doi\n  \n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
\n 
@article{koddenberg_morphological_2018,\n\ttitle = {Morphological imaging and quantification of axial xylem tissue in {Fraxinus} excelsior {L}. through {X}-ray micro-computed tomography},\n\tvolume = {111},\n\tissn = {09684328},\n\turl = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0968432818300386},\n\tdoi = {10.1016/j.micron.2018.05.004},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\turldate = {2018-07-17},\n\tjournal = {Micron},\n\tauthor = {Koddenberg, T. and Militz, H.},\n\tmonth = aug,\n\tyear = {2018},\n\tkeywords = {Three-dimensional imaging, X-ray micro-computed tomography, Xylem morphology},\n\tpages = {28--35},\n\tfile = {Koddenberg und Militz - 2018 - Morphological imaging and quantification of axial .pdf:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\9EZ3MPP9\\\\Koddenberg und Militz - 2018 - Morphological imaging and quantification of axial .pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Wood modification in Germany.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Militz, H; and Emmerich, L.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In Wood modification in Europe: processes, products, applications, Florence, Italy, 2018. \n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
\n 
@inproceedings{militz_wood_2018,\n\taddress = {Florence, Italy},\n\ttitle = {Wood modification in {Germany}},\n\tbooktitle = {Wood modification in {Europe}: processes, products, applications},\n\tauthor = {Militz, H and Emmerich, L.},\n\tyear = {2018},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n UV-blocking properties of Zn/ZnO coatings on wood deposited by cold plasma spraying at atmospheric pressure.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Wallenhorst, L.; Gurău, L.; Gellerich, A.; Militz, H.; Ohms, G.; and Viöl, W.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Applied Surface Science, 434: 1183–1192. March 2018.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n \"UV-blockingPaper\n  \n \n\n \n \n doi\n  \n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
\n 
@article{wallenhorst_uv-blocking_2018,\n\ttitle = {{UV}-blocking properties of {Zn}/{ZnO} coatings on wood deposited by cold plasma spraying at atmospheric pressure},\n\tvolume = {434},\n\tissn = {01694332},\n\turl = {http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0169433217331902},\n\tdoi = {10.1016/j.apsusc.2017.10.214},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\turldate = {2018-06-13},\n\tjournal = {Applied Surface Science},\n\tauthor = {Wallenhorst, L. and Gurău, L. and Gellerich, A. and Militz, H. and Ohms, G. and Viöl, W.},\n\tmonth = mar,\n\tyear = {2018},\n\tpages = {1183--1192},\n\tfile = {Wallenhorst (2018) UV-blocking properties of Zn_ZnO coatings on wood deposited by cold plasma spraying at atmospheric pressure.pdf:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\NF6FSZZW\\\\Wallenhorst (2018) UV-blocking properties of Zn_ZnO coatings on wood deposited by cold plasma spraying at atmospheric pressure.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Morphologic and Chemical Properties of PMMA/ATH Layers with Enhanced Abrasion Resistance Realised by Cold Plasma Spraying at Atmospheric Pressure.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Wallenhorst, L.; Rerich, R.; Vovk, M.; Dahle, S.; Militz, H.; Ohms, G.; and Viöl, W.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Advances in Condensed Matter Physics, 2018: 1–11. 2018.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n \"MorphologicPaper\n  \n \n\n \n \n doi\n  \n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
\n 
@article{wallenhorst_morphologic_2018,\n\ttitle = {Morphologic and {Chemical} {Properties} of {PMMA}/{ATH} {Layers} with {Enhanced} {Abrasion} {Resistance} {Realised} by {Cold} {Plasma} {Spraying} at {Atmospheric} {Pressure}},\n\tvolume = {2018},\n\tissn = {1687-8108, 1687-8124},\n\turl = {https://www.hindawi.com/journals/acmp/2018/3539417/},\n\tdoi = {10.1155/2018/3539417},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\turldate = {2018-02-02},\n\tjournal = {Advances in Condensed Matter Physics},\n\tauthor = {Wallenhorst, L. and Rerich, R. and Vovk, M. and Dahle, S. and Militz, H. and Ohms, G. and Viöl, W.},\n\tyear = {2018},\n\tpages = {1--11},\n\tfile = {Wallenhorst (2018) Morphologic and Chemical Properties of PMMA ATH Layers with Enhanced Abrasion Resistance Realised by Cold Plasma Spraying at Atmospheric Pressure.pdf:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\SP53N5NG\\\\Wallenhorst (2018) Morphologic and Chemical Properties of PMMA ATH Layers with Enhanced Abrasion Resistance Realised by Cold Plasma Spraying at Atmos.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Atmospheric Pressure Plasma Coating of Bismuth Oxide Circular Droplets.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Köhler, R.; Ohms, G.; Militz, H.; and Viöl, W.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Coatings, 8(9): 1–9. 2018.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n doi\n  \n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n  \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
\n 
@article{kohler_atmospheric_2018,\n\ttitle = {Atmospheric {Pressure} {Plasma} {Coating} of {Bismuth} {Oxide} {Circular} {Droplets}},\n\tvolume = {8},\n\tdoi = {10.3390/coatings8090312},\n\tabstract = {In this study, bismuth oxide powder (Bi2O3) was deposited by an atmospheric pressure plasma jet onto borosilicate glass. The layer produced through this method is to be used as a photo catalyst in later applications. The deposited coating was analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) to determine the crystal structure, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) to analyze the chemical state. The results showed a change in crystal and chemical structure during the deposition process. The morphological properties of the layer were examined with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and laser scanning microscopy (LSM). The band gap structure of the coating was investigated by UV-Vis spectroscopy. The layer produced by the plasma spraying process consisted of circular multi-phase bismuth oxide droplets (monoclinic Bi2O3 and tetragonal Bi2O2.33), showing a direct band gap of Eg = 2.72 eV, which allows their use as a photocatalyst.},\n\tlanguage = {eng},\n\tnumber = {9},\n\tjournal = {Coatings},\n\tauthor = {Köhler, R. and Ohms, G. and Militz, H. and Viöl, W.},\n\tyear = {2018},\n\tpages = {1--9},\n\tfile = {Köhler et al. - 2018 - Atmospheric Pressure Plasma Coating of Bismuth Oxi.pdf:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\EVU8RHL7\\\\Köhler et al. - 2018 - Atmospheric Pressure Plasma Coating of Bismuth Oxi.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n In this study, bismuth oxide powder (Bi2O3) was deposited by an atmospheric pressure plasma jet onto borosilicate glass. The layer produced through this method is to be used as a photo catalyst in later applications. The deposited coating was analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) to determine the crystal structure, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) to analyze the chemical state. The results showed a change in crystal and chemical structure during the deposition process. The morphological properties of the layer were examined with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and laser scanning microscopy (LSM). The band gap structure of the coating was investigated by UV-Vis spectroscopy. The layer produced by the plasma spraying process consisted of circular multi-phase bismuth oxide droplets (monoclinic Bi2O3 and tetragonal Bi2O2.33), showing a direct band gap of Eg = 2.72 eV, which allows their use as a photocatalyst.\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Decrease of the surface pH of maple and the production of nitrate by three pulsed dielectric barrier discharges.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Peters, F.; Gelker, M.; Fleckenstein, M.; Militz, H.; Ohms, G.; and Viöl, W.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Wood Science and Technology. August 2018.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n \"DecreasePaper\n  \n \n\n \n \n doi\n  \n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@article{peters_decrease_2018,\n\ttitle = {Decrease of the surface {pH} of maple and the production of nitrate by three pulsed dielectric barrier discharges},\n\tissn = {0043-7719, 1432-5225},\n\turl = {http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s00226-018-1036-8},\n\tdoi = {10.1007/s00226-018-1036-8},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\turldate = {2018-08-30},\n\tjournal = {Wood Science and Technology},\n\tauthor = {Peters, F. and Gelker, M. and Fleckenstein, M. and Militz, H. and Ohms, G. and Viöl, W.},\n\tmonth = aug,\n\tyear = {2018},\n\tfile = {Peters et al. - 2018 - Decrease of the surface pH of maple and the produc.pdf:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\8EPDXY6B\\\\Peters et al. - 2018 - Decrease of the surface pH of maple and the produc.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Distinctive impact of processing techniques on bonding surfaces of acetylated and heat treated beech wood and its relation to bonding strength.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Lütkemeier, B.; Konnerth, J.; and Militz, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Forest Products Journal, 68(4): 372–382. July 2018.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n \"DistinctivePaper\n  \n \n\n \n \n doi\n  \n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n  \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
\n 
@article{lutkemeier_distinctive_2018,\n\ttitle = {Distinctive impact of processing techniques on bonding surfaces of acetylated and heat treated beech wood and its relation to bonding strength},\n\tvolume = {68},\n\tissn = {0015-7473},\n\turl = {http://forestprodjournals.org/doi/abs/10.13073/FPJ-D-17-00077},\n\tdoi = {10.13073/FPJ-D-17-00077},\n\tabstract = {In this study, the tensile shear strength of untreated, acetylated and heat treated beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) wood joints was investigated as a function of different surficial processing techniques. It was hypothesized, that differentiating patterns of surface texture are induced by specific processing techniques directly affecting the bonding performance of adhered assemblies. Surface processing was implemented either by peripheral planing with sharp and dull knifes, respectively, or by sanding (P100). Process-dependent surface textures were visualized by scanning electron microscopy and a digital light microscope was applied to display the structural integrity of surficial wood tissues. In dependence on wood modification techniques, process-related patterns of surface texture were observed. Laser scanning data of surface morphology was used to derive area-related functional roughness parameters defining complex surface textures quantitatively. For tensile shear testing, lamellas were bonded either with a two-component melamine-urea-formaldehyde adhesive or with a one-component moisture-curing polyurethane adhesive. Single lap joint specimens following EN 302-1:2013 were prepared considering a material-adapted specimen geometry. Bonding strength was evaluated with respect to differentiating regimes of moisture. Specific dependences of modified beech wood properties on surface morphologies subsequent to surface processing and, therewith, on the associated bonding performance could be verified. As a result, universal relationships between bonding performance and surface processing technique could not be identified. Thus, individual studies of bonding performances in dependence on adherend- and processing-related surface textures are inevitable.},\n\tnumber = {4},\n\tjournal = {Forest Products Journal},\n\tauthor = {Lütkemeier, Bernd and Konnerth, Johannes and Militz, Holger},\n\tmonth = jul,\n\tyear = {2018},\n\tpages = {372--382},\n}\n\n
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\n In this study, the tensile shear strength of untreated, acetylated and heat treated beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) wood joints was investigated as a function of different surficial processing techniques. It was hypothesized, that differentiating patterns of surface texture are induced by specific processing techniques directly affecting the bonding performance of adhered assemblies. Surface processing was implemented either by peripheral planing with sharp and dull knifes, respectively, or by sanding (P100). Process-dependent surface textures were visualized by scanning electron microscopy and a digital light microscope was applied to display the structural integrity of surficial wood tissues. In dependence on wood modification techniques, process-related patterns of surface texture were observed. Laser scanning data of surface morphology was used to derive area-related functional roughness parameters defining complex surface textures quantitatively. For tensile shear testing, lamellas were bonded either with a two-component melamine-urea-formaldehyde adhesive or with a one-component moisture-curing polyurethane adhesive. Single lap joint specimens following EN 302-1:2013 were prepared considering a material-adapted specimen geometry. Bonding strength was evaluated with respect to differentiating regimes of moisture. Specific dependences of modified beech wood properties on surface morphologies subsequent to surface processing and, therewith, on the associated bonding performance could be verified. As a result, universal relationships between bonding performance and surface processing technique could not be identified. Thus, individual studies of bonding performances in dependence on adherend- and processing-related surface textures are inevitable.\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Sorption and surface energy properties of thermally modified spruce wood components.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Källbom, S.; Altgen, M.; Militz, H.; and Walinder, M.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Wood and Fiber Science, 50(3): 1–12. 2018.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@article{kallbom_sorption_2018,\n\ttitle = {Sorption and surface energy properties of thermally modified spruce wood components},\n\tvolume = {50},\n\tnumber = {3},\n\tjournal = {Wood and Fiber Science},\n\tauthor = {Källbom, S. and Altgen, M. and Militz, H. and Walinder, M.},\n\tyear = {2018},\n\tkeywords = {acid-base properties, dynamic vapor sorption (DVS), inverse gas chromatography (IGC), Norway spruce, surface energy, Thermally modified wood},\n\tpages = {1--12},\n\tfile = {Källbom et al. - 2018 - Sorption and surface energy properties of thermall.pdf:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\J6IH3QQB\\\\Källbom et al. - 2018 - Sorption and surface energy properties of thermall.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Analyzing reversible changes in hygroscopicity of thermally modified eucalypt wood from open and closed reactor systems.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Wentzel, M.; Altgen, M.; and Militz, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Wood Science and Technology, 52(4): 889–907. July 2018.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n \"AnalyzingPaper\n  \n \n\n \n \n doi\n  \n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
\n 
@article{wentzel_analyzing_2018,\n\ttitle = {Analyzing reversible changes in hygroscopicity of thermally modified eucalypt wood from open and closed reactor systems},\n\tvolume = {52},\n\tissn = {0043-7719, 1432-5225},\n\turl = {http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s00226-018-1012-3},\n\tdoi = {10.1007/s00226-018-1012-3},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {4},\n\turldate = {2018-07-16},\n\tjournal = {Wood Science and Technology},\n\tauthor = {Wentzel, M. and Altgen, M. and Militz, H.},\n\tmonth = jul,\n\tyear = {2018},\n\tpages = {889--907},\n\tfile = {Wentzel et al. - 2018 - Analyzing reversible changes in hygroscopicity of .pdf:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\VBTZMZ3W\\\\Wentzel et al. - 2018 - Analyzing reversible changes in hygroscopicity of .pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Thermally modified Eucalyptus nitens as material for decking.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Wentzel, M.; Brischke, C.; and Militz, H\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In Proceedings of the 10th European TMT Workshop, pages 7–14, Dresden, Germany, 2018. \n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@inproceedings{wentzel_thermally_2018,\n\taddress = {Dresden, Germany},\n\ttitle = {Thermally modified {Eucalyptus} nitens as material for decking},\n\tbooktitle = {Proceedings of the 10th {European} {TMT} {Workshop}},\n\tauthor = {Wentzel, M. and Brischke, C. and Militz, H},\n\tyear = {2018},\n\tpages = {7--14},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Resistance of modified wood against marine borers.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Gellerich, A.; Brischke, C.; Militz, H.; and Klüppel, A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Holztechnologie, 59(4): 5–11. 2018.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n  \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
\n 
@article{gellerich_resistance_2018,\n\ttitle = {Resistance of modified wood against marine borers},\n\tvolume = {59},\n\tabstract = {Holz und Holzprodukte, die im Meerwasser verwendet werden, sind extremen Umweltbedingungen ausgesetzt. Die meisten einheimischen Holzarten, wie zum Beispiel Kiefer oder Rotbuche, sind nicht dauerhaft gegen den Angriff von Meeresorganismen geschützt. Zum Schutz nicht dauerhafter Holzarten sind verschiedene Modifi zierungsverfahren eine Alternative. Die durchgeführten Untersuchungen konzentrieren sich auf die Modifi zierung des Holzes mit reaktiven Harzen sowie acetyliertes und silikabehandeltes Holz und wurden 2008 begonnen. Nach neunjähriger Versuchsdauer zeigte sich, dass die Acetylierung und die Modifi zierung mit reaktiven Harzen bei höheren Aufnahmemengen (weight percent gain, WPG) die Dauerhaftigkeit gegenüber Schiffsbohrmuscheln deutlich erhöht. Das so modifi zierte Holz hat somit das Potenzial für einen Einsatz im Meerwasserkontakt. Weitere Untersuchungen sind allerdings notwendig, um den Einfl uss von Prozess- und Aushärtungsparametern sowie die Verteilung der Chemikalien im Holz zu untersuchen. Um die Eignung dieser Behandlungen für Anwendungen im Meerwasserbereich, wie Buhnen, Stege und Seebrücken, zu bewerten, wird in Zukunft die Untersuchung von modifi ziertem Material in Realdimensionen erfolgen.},\n\tnumber = {4},\n\tjournal = {Holztechnologie},\n\tauthor = {Gellerich, A. and Brischke, C. and Militz, H. and Klüppel, A.},\n\tyear = {2018},\n\tpages = {5--11},\n\tfile = {Gellerich et al. - 2018 - Resistance of modified wood against marine borers.pdf:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\ZKJEK76C\\\\Gellerich et al. - 2018 - Resistance of modified wood against marine borers.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n Holz und Holzprodukte, die im Meerwasser verwendet werden, sind extremen Umweltbedingungen ausgesetzt. Die meisten einheimischen Holzarten, wie zum Beispiel Kiefer oder Rotbuche, sind nicht dauerhaft gegen den Angriff von Meeresorganismen geschützt. Zum Schutz nicht dauerhafter Holzarten sind verschiedene Modifi zierungsverfahren eine Alternative. Die durchgeführten Untersuchungen konzentrieren sich auf die Modifi zierung des Holzes mit reaktiven Harzen sowie acetyliertes und silikabehandeltes Holz und wurden 2008 begonnen. Nach neunjähriger Versuchsdauer zeigte sich, dass die Acetylierung und die Modifi zierung mit reaktiven Harzen bei höheren Aufnahmemengen (weight percent gain, WPG) die Dauerhaftigkeit gegenüber Schiffsbohrmuscheln deutlich erhöht. Das so modifi zierte Holz hat somit das Potenzial für einen Einsatz im Meerwasserkontakt. Weitere Untersuchungen sind allerdings notwendig, um den Einfl uss von Prozess- und Aushärtungsparametern sowie die Verteilung der Chemikalien im Holz zu untersuchen. Um die Eignung dieser Behandlungen für Anwendungen im Meerwasserbereich, wie Buhnen, Stege und Seebrücken, zu bewerten, wird in Zukunft die Untersuchung von modifi ziertem Material in Realdimensionen erfolgen.\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Accessibility of hydroxyl groups in anhydride modified wood as measured by deuterium exchange and saponification.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Beck, G.; Strohbusch, S.; Larnøy, E.; Militz, H.; and Hill, C.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Holzforschung, 72(1): 17–23. 2018.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n \"AccessibilityPaper\n  \n \n\n \n \n doi\n  \n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n  \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
\n 
@article{beck_accessibility_2018,\n\ttitle = {Accessibility of hydroxyl groups in anhydride modified wood as measured by deuterium exchange and saponification},\n\tvolume = {72},\n\tissn = {0018-3830},\n\turl = {https://www.degruyter.com/view/j/hfsg.2018.72.issue-1/hf-2017-0059/hf-2017-0059.xml},\n\tdoi = {10.1515/hf-2017-0059},\n\tabstract = {Acetylated wood (WAc) shows improved properties largely due to the reduced amount of water in its cell wall, but the exact mechanism of water reduction remains unclear. Acetylation reduces hydroxyl (OH) content by acetyl (Ac) substitution but may also limit water access to unmodified OH groups by steric hindrance. In the present work, the accessibility of OH groups in acetylated or propionylated Radiata pine (Pinus radiata D. Don) wood (WAc and WPr) was investigated by deuterium exchange, saponification in sodium hydroxide followed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis and weight percentage gain determination of the modified samples. Acetylation reduced OH accessibility (OHA) to a greater extent than would be predicted, if OH substitution were the only responsible mechanism for accessibility reduction. The combination of deuterium exchange and saponification results provides strong evidence that steric hindrance plays a key role in reduction of water accessibility to unmodified OH groups in WAc. The supramolecular architecture of WPr samples seems to be modified by the propionylation reaction, which leads to increased OHA at low levels of substitution. This suggests that molecular restructuring within the cell wall exposes new OH groups after propionylation. At higher levels of substitution, however, the WPr exhibited less OHA than expected indicating steric hindrance from the propionyl groups.},\n\tnumber = {1},\n\turldate = {2019-11-19},\n\tjournal = {Holzforschung},\n\tauthor = {Beck, Greeley and Strohbusch, Sarah and Larnøy, Erik and Militz, Holger and Hill, Callum},\n\tyear = {2018},\n\tkeywords = {acetylation, wood, chemical modification, Pinus radiata, bound acetyl, deuterium exchange, hydroxyl accessibility, saponification},\n\tpages = {17--23},\n\tfile = {Beck (2017) Accessibility of hydroxyl groups in anhydride modified wood as measured by deuterium exchange and saponification.pdf:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\839UIKI9\\\\Beck (2017) Accessibility of hydroxyl groups in anhydride modified wood as measured by deuterium exchange and saponification.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n Acetylated wood (WAc) shows improved properties largely due to the reduced amount of water in its cell wall, but the exact mechanism of water reduction remains unclear. Acetylation reduces hydroxyl (OH) content by acetyl (Ac) substitution but may also limit water access to unmodified OH groups by steric hindrance. In the present work, the accessibility of OH groups in acetylated or propionylated Radiata pine (Pinus radiata D. Don) wood (WAc and WPr) was investigated by deuterium exchange, saponification in sodium hydroxide followed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis and weight percentage gain determination of the modified samples. Acetylation reduced OH accessibility (OHA) to a greater extent than would be predicted, if OH substitution were the only responsible mechanism for accessibility reduction. The combination of deuterium exchange and saponification results provides strong evidence that steric hindrance plays a key role in reduction of water accessibility to unmodified OH groups in WAc. The supramolecular architecture of WPr samples seems to be modified by the propionylation reaction, which leads to increased OHA at low levels of substitution. This suggests that molecular restructuring within the cell wall exposes new OH groups after propionylation. At higher levels of substitution, however, the WPr exhibited less OHA than expected indicating steric hindrance from the propionyl groups.\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Modification of beech veneers with lignin phenol formaldehyde resins in the production of laminated veneer lumber (LVL).\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Fleckenstein, M.; Biziks, V.; Mai, C.; and Militz, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n European Journal of Wood and Wood Products, 76(3): 843–851. May 2018.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n \"ModificationPaper\n  \n \n\n \n \n doi\n  \n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n  \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n  \n \n 1 download\n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@article{fleckenstein_modification_2018,\n\ttitle = {Modification of beech veneers with lignin phenol formaldehyde resins in the production of laminated veneer lumber ({LVL})},\n\tvolume = {76},\n\tissn = {1436-736X},\n\turl = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s00107-017-1275-7},\n\tdoi = {10.1007/s00107-017-1275-7},\n\tabstract = {Rotary cut beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) veneers were treated with four different lignin phenol formaldehyde (LPF) solutions using dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) as a solvent. Four of these veneers were bonded with PF adhesive to produce four-layer laminated veneer lumber (LVL). To synthesize the LPF solutions, a commercial phenol formaldehyde resin (PF resin) was individually mixed with three different technical lignins (Indulin AT, BioChoice lignin, organosolv lignin) and lignin cleavage products (LCP) at a ratio of 3:2 (60\\%:40\\%). Differential scanning calorimetry showed an increased curing temperature for the LPF resins in comparison to the PF resin. The mechanical and water-related properties of the LPF-modified LVL were shown to be similar or slightly improved compared to PF-modified LVL. Fungal degradation experiments with white-rot fungus (Trametes versicolor) and brown-rot fungus (Coniophora puteana) exhibited no significant differences in the mass loss of the LPF-modified and PF-modified samples except in one case: LVL made from veneers treated with Indulin AT exposed to the white-rot fungus. The resistance to weathering of LVL samples made from veneers treated with technical lignins was low; however, specimens treated with LCP and the reference PF resin displayed a higher resistance to weathering. It is concluded that technical lignins or LCP can, to a certain extent, be used as a substitute for crude-oil based PF resin.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {3},\n\turldate = {2020-01-17},\n\tjournal = {European Journal of Wood and Wood Products},\n\tauthor = {Fleckenstein, Marco and Biziks, Vladimirs and Mai, Carsten and Militz, Holger},\n\tmonth = may,\n\tyear = {2018},\n\tpages = {843--851},\n\tfile = {Fleckenstein (2017) Modification of beech veneers with lignin phenol formaldehyde resins in the production of laminated veneer lumber (LVL).pdf:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\GXNGVI3Q\\\\Fleckenstein (2017) Modification of beech veneers with lignin phenol formaldehyde resins in the production of laminated veneer lumber (LVL).pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n Rotary cut beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) veneers were treated with four different lignin phenol formaldehyde (LPF) solutions using dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) as a solvent. Four of these veneers were bonded with PF adhesive to produce four-layer laminated veneer lumber (LVL). To synthesize the LPF solutions, a commercial phenol formaldehyde resin (PF resin) was individually mixed with three different technical lignins (Indulin AT, BioChoice lignin, organosolv lignin) and lignin cleavage products (LCP) at a ratio of 3:2 (60%:40%). Differential scanning calorimetry showed an increased curing temperature for the LPF resins in comparison to the PF resin. The mechanical and water-related properties of the LPF-modified LVL were shown to be similar or slightly improved compared to PF-modified LVL. Fungal degradation experiments with white-rot fungus (Trametes versicolor) and brown-rot fungus (Coniophora puteana) exhibited no significant differences in the mass loss of the LPF-modified and PF-modified samples except in one case: LVL made from veneers treated with Indulin AT exposed to the white-rot fungus. The resistance to weathering of LVL samples made from veneers treated with technical lignins was low; however, specimens treated with LCP and the reference PF resin displayed a higher resistance to weathering. It is concluded that technical lignins or LCP can, to a certain extent, be used as a substitute for crude-oil based PF resin.\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Resistance of modified wood to termite attack assessed in laboratory and field testing: A review of internal research.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Emmerich, L.; Gascón-Garrido, P.; and Militz, H\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In pages 1–25, Johannesburg, South Africa, 2018. \n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n doi\n  \n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n  \n \n 1 download\n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@inproceedings{emmerich_resistance_2018,\n\taddress = {Johannesburg, South Africa},\n\ttitle = {Resistance of modified wood to termite attack assessed in laboratory and field testing: {A} review of internal research},\n\tdoi = {IRG/WP 18-40824},\n\tauthor = {Emmerich, L. and Gascón-Garrido, P. and Militz, H},\n\tyear = {2018},\n\tpages = {1--25},\n\tfile = {Emmerich et al. - 2018 - Resistance of modified wood to termite attack asse.pdf:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\DMFYCEQ3\\\\Emmerich et al. - 2018 - Resistance of modified wood to termite attack asse.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Resistance of PF-treated LVL from European beech (Fagus sylvatica) exposed in ground.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Bicke, S.; Brischke, C.; Biziks, V.; and Militz, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In Kallakas, H., editor(s), Proceedings of the 14th annual meeting of the Northern European Network for Wood Science and Engineering (WSE2018), pages 37–41, Tallinn, Estonia, October 2018. \n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@inproceedings{bicke_resistance_2018,\n\taddress = {Tallinn, Estonia},\n\ttitle = {Resistance of {PF}-treated {LVL} from {European} beech ({Fagus} sylvatica) exposed in ground},\n\tbooktitle = {Proceedings of the 14th annual meeting of the {Northern} {European} {Network} for {Wood} {Science} and {Engineering} ({WSE2018})},\n\tauthor = {Bicke, S. and Brischke, C. and Biziks, V. and Militz, H.},\n\teditor = {Kallakas, H.},\n\tmonth = oct,\n\tyear = {2018},\n\tpages = {37--41},\n\tfile = {Bicke et al. - 2018 - Resistance of PF-treated LVL from European beech (.pdf:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\8AJVABWC\\\\Bicke et al. - 2018 - Resistance of PF-treated LVL from European beech (.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n  \n 2017\n \n \n (23)\n \n \n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Effect of open assembly time and equilibrium moisture content on the penetration of polyurethane adhesive into thermally modified wood.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Bastani, A.; Adamopoulos, S.; and Militz, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n The Journal of Adhesion, 93(7): 575–583. June 2017.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n \"EffectPaper\n  \n \n\n \n \n doi\n  \n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@article{bastani_effect_2017,\n\ttitle = {Effect of open assembly time and equilibrium moisture content on the penetration of polyurethane adhesive into thermally modified wood},\n\tvolume = {93},\n\tissn = {0021-8464, 1545-5823},\n\turl = {https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/00218464.2015.1118621},\n\tdoi = {10.1080/00218464.2015.1118621},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {7},\n\turldate = {2018-10-08},\n\tjournal = {The Journal of Adhesion},\n\tauthor = {Bastani, A. and Adamopoulos, S. and Militz, H.},\n\tmonth = jun,\n\tyear = {2017},\n\tpages = {575--583},\n\tfile = {Bastani et al. - 2017 - Effect of open assembly time and equilibrium moist.pdf:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\SD8TGTUP\\\\Bastani et al. - 2017 - Effect of open assembly time and equilibrium moist.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Comparison of three dielectric barrier discharges regarding their physical characteristics and influence on the adhesion properties on maple, high density fiberboards and wood plastic composite.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Peters, F; Hünnekens, B; Wieneke, S; Militz, H; Ohms, G; and Viöl, W\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics, 50(47): 475206. November 2017.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n \"ComparisonPaper\n  \n \n\n \n \n doi\n  \n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@article{peters_comparison_2017,\n\ttitle = {Comparison of three dielectric barrier discharges regarding their physical characteristics and influence on the adhesion properties on maple, high density fiberboards and wood plastic composite},\n\tvolume = {50},\n\tissn = {0022-3727, 1361-6463},\n\turl = {http://stacks.iop.org/0022-3727/50/i=47/a=475206?key=crossref.fceaece5227113960f78e35710e360ba},\n\tdoi = {10.1088/1361-6463/aa8fad},\n\tnumber = {47},\n\turldate = {2017-11-06},\n\tjournal = {Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics},\n\tauthor = {Peters, F and Hünnekens, B and Wieneke, S and Militz, H and Ohms, G and Viöl, W},\n\tmonth = nov,\n\tyear = {2017},\n\tpages = {475206},\n\tfile = {Peters (2017) Comparison of three dielectric barrier discharges regarding their physical characteristics and influence on the adhesion properties on maple, high density fiberboards and wood plastic composite.pdf:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\VZ2IDNUS\\\\Peters (2017) Comparison of three dielectric barrier discharges regarding their physical characteristics and influence on the adhesion properties on.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Siloxane-treated and copper-plasma-coated wood: Resistance to the blue stain fungus Aureobasidium pullulans and the termite Reticulitermes flavipes.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Gascón-Garrido, P.; Thévenon, M.; Mainusch, N.; Militz, H.; Viöl, W.; and Mai, C.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation, 120: 84–90. May 2017.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n \"Siloxane-treatedPaper\n  \n \n\n \n \n doi\n  \n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@article{gascon-garrido_siloxane-treated_2017,\n\ttitle = {Siloxane-treated and copper-plasma-coated wood: {Resistance} to the blue stain fungus {Aureobasidium} pullulans and the termite {Reticulitermes} flavipes},\n\tvolume = {120},\n\tissn = {09648305},\n\tshorttitle = {Siloxane-treated and copper-plasma-coated wood},\n\turl = {http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0964830517300975},\n\tdoi = {10.1016/j.ibiod.2017.01.033},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\turldate = {2017-05-09},\n\tjournal = {International Biodeterioration \\& Biodegradation},\n\tauthor = {Gascón-Garrido, P. and Thévenon, M.F. and Mainusch, N. and Militz, H. and Viöl, W. and Mai, C.},\n\tmonth = may,\n\tyear = {2017},\n\tpages = {84--90},\n\tfile = {Gascón-Garrido (2017b) Siloxane-treated and copper-plasma-coated wood - Resistance to the blue stain fungus Aureobasidium pullulans and the termite Reticulitermes flavipes.pdf:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\PRHKRP3R\\\\Gascón-Garrido (2017b) Siloxane-treated and copper-plasma-coated wood - Resistance to the blue stain fungus Aureobasidium pullulans and the termite .pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Effect of size and geometry on strength values and MOE of selected hardwood species.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Schlotzhauer, P.; Nelis, P. A.; Bollmus, S.; Gellerich, A.; Militz, H.; and Seim, W.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Wood Material Science & Engineering, 12(3): 149–157. May 2017.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n \"EffectPaper\n  \n \n\n \n \n doi\n  \n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@article{schlotzhauer_effect_2017,\n\ttitle = {Effect of size and geometry on strength values and {MOE} of selected hardwood species},\n\tvolume = {12},\n\tissn = {1748-0272, 1748-0280},\n\turl = {https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/17480272.2015.1073175},\n\tdoi = {10.1080/17480272.2015.1073175},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {3},\n\turldate = {2017-04-18},\n\tjournal = {Wood Material Science \\& Engineering},\n\tauthor = {Schlotzhauer, P. and Nelis, P. A. and Bollmus, S. and Gellerich, A. and Militz, H. and Seim, W.},\n\tmonth = may,\n\tyear = {2017},\n\tpages = {149--157},\n\tfile = {Schlotzhauer (2017) Effect of size and geometry on strength values and MOE of selected hardwood species.pdf:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\XM9JRXMX\\\\Schlotzhauer (2017) Effect of size and geometry on strength values and MOE of selected hardwood species.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Wood modification with DMDHEU – State of the art, recent research activities and future perspectives.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Emmerich, L.; Bollmus, S.; and Militz, H\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In Building with bio-based materials: Best practice and performance specification. COST Action FP1303, 2017. \n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
\n 
@inproceedings{emmerich_wood_2017,\n\ttitle = {Wood modification with {DMDHEU} – {State} of the art, recent research activities and future perspectives},\n\tbooktitle = {Building with bio-based materials: {Best} practice and performance specification. {COST} {Action} {FP1303}},\n\tauthor = {Emmerich, L. and Bollmus, S. and Militz, H},\n\tyear = {2017},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Wood modification with N-methylol compounds – Effects of modification agent and process conditions.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Emmerich, L.; Bollmus, S.; and Militz, H\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In Wood modification research & applications, Kuchl, Austria, 2017. \n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
\n 
@inproceedings{emmerich_wood_2017-1,\n\taddress = {Kuchl, Austria},\n\ttitle = {Wood modification with {N}-methylol compounds – {Effects} of modification agent and process conditions},\n\tbooktitle = {Wood modification research \\& applications},\n\tauthor = {Emmerich, L. and Bollmus, S. and Militz, H},\n\tyear = {2017},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Atmospheric Pressure Plasma Coating of Wood and MDF with Polyester Powder.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Köhler, R.; Sauerbier, P.; Militz, H.; and Viöl, W.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Coatings, 7(10): 171. October 2017.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n \"AtmosphericPaper\n  \n \n\n \n \n doi\n  \n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n  \n \n 1 download\n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@article{kohler_atmospheric_2017,\n\ttitle = {Atmospheric {Pressure} {Plasma} {Coating} of {Wood} and {MDF} with {Polyester} {Powder}},\n\tvolume = {7},\n\tissn = {2079-6412},\n\turl = {http://www.mdpi.com/2079-6412/7/10/171},\n\tdoi = {10.3390/coatings7100171},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {10},\n\turldate = {2018-06-18},\n\tjournal = {Coatings},\n\tauthor = {Köhler, Robert and Sauerbier, Philipp and Militz, Holger and Viöl, Wolfgang},\n\tmonth = oct,\n\tyear = {2017},\n\tpages = {171},\n\tfile = {Köhler et al. - 2017 - Atmospheric Pressure Plasma Coating of Wood and MD.pdf:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\BTKSM68A\\\\Köhler et al. - 2017 - Atmospheric Pressure Plasma Coating of Wood and MD.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Performance of coated and uncoated horizontal Lap-Joint members during 20 years of ourdoor exposure.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Brischke, C.; Gellerich, A.; Militz, H.; and Michael, S.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Wood Research, 62(6): 883–894. 2017.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n  \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@article{brischke_performance_2017,\n\ttitle = {Performance of coated and uncoated horizontal {Lap}-{Joint} members during 20 years of ourdoor exposure},\n\tvolume = {62},\n\tabstract = {Horizontal lap-joint trials were set up using eleven different wood species representing\na wide range of natural durability. Coated and uncoated lap-joint specimens as well as non-jointed reference specimens were exposed for up to 20 years and evaluated with respect to decay, formation of cracks and performance of the coating. The tropical wood species Tatajuba, Cedrorana, and Dark Red Meranti performed still very well and also some Europe-grown softwoods with coloured heardwood were still in good shape. The lap-joint set up turned out to be a method that can be used also for determining the durability and performance of untreated naturally durable wood, but suffered from several drawbacks such as time-consuming and costly specimen preparation, difficult to detect onset of decay, and generally long exposure times needed for a reliable durability assessment. Cracks were often the starting point for internal decay, but did not exclusively occur in the lap area.},\n\tnumber = {6},\n\tjournal = {Wood Research},\n\tauthor = {Brischke, C. and Gellerich, A. and Militz, H. and Michael, S.},\n\tyear = {2017},\n\tpages = {883--894},\n\tfile = {Brischke (2017) Performance of coated and uncoated horizontal Lap-Joint Members during 20 years of ourdoor exposure.pdf:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\RHSSUIU2\\\\Brischke (2017) Performance of coated and uncoated horizontal Lap-Joint Members during 20 years of ourdoor exposure.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n Horizontal lap-joint trials were set up using eleven different wood species representing a wide range of natural durability. Coated and uncoated lap-joint specimens as well as non-jointed reference specimens were exposed for up to 20 years and evaluated with respect to decay, formation of cracks and performance of the coating. The tropical wood species Tatajuba, Cedrorana, and Dark Red Meranti performed still very well and also some Europe-grown softwoods with coloured heardwood were still in good shape. The lap-joint set up turned out to be a method that can be used also for determining the durability and performance of untreated naturally durable wood, but suffered from several drawbacks such as time-consuming and costly specimen preparation, difficult to detect onset of decay, and generally long exposure times needed for a reliable durability assessment. Cracks were often the starting point for internal decay, but did not exclusively occur in the lap area.\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Copper and aluminium deposition by cold-plasma spray on wood surfaces: effects on natural weathering behaviour.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Gascón-Garrido, P.; Mainusch, N.; Militz, H.; Viöl, W.; and Mai, C.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n European Journal of Wood and Wood Products, 75(3): 315–324. 2017.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n \"CopperPaper\n  \n \n\n \n \n doi\n  \n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@article{gascon-garrido_copper_2017,\n\ttitle = {Copper and aluminium deposition by cold-plasma spray on wood surfaces: effects on natural weathering behaviour},\n\tvolume = {75},\n\tissn = {0018-3768, 1436-736X},\n\tshorttitle = {Copper and aluminium deposition by cold-plasma spray on wood surfaces},\n\turl = {http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s00107-016-1121-3},\n\tdoi = {10.1007/s00107-016-1121-3},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {3},\n\turldate = {2017-05-09},\n\tjournal = {European Journal of Wood and Wood Products},\n\tauthor = {Gascón-Garrido, P. and Mainusch, N. and Militz, H. and Viöl, W. and Mai, C.},\n\tyear = {2017},\n\tpages = {315--324},\n\tfile = {Gascón-Garrido (2017) Copper and aluminium deposition by cold-plasma spray on wood surfaces - effects on natural weathering behaviour.pdf:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\4UPFST9F\\\\Gascón-Garrido (2017) Copper and aluminium deposition by cold-plasma spray on wood surfaces - effects on natural weathering behaviour.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Hydrophobic recovery of atmospheric pressure plasma treated surfaces of Wood-Polymer Composites (WPC).\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Hünnekens, B.; Krause, A.; Militz, H.; and Viöl, W.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n European Journal of Wood and Wood Products, 75(5): 761–766. 2017.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n \"HydrophobicPaper\n  \n \n\n \n \n doi\n  \n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@article{hunnekens_hydrophobic_2017,\n\ttitle = {Hydrophobic recovery of atmospheric pressure plasma treated surfaces of {Wood}-{Polymer} {Composites} ({WPC})},\n\tvolume = {75},\n\tissn = {0018-3768, 1436-736X},\n\turl = {http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s00107-017-1175-x},\n\tdoi = {10.1007/s00107-017-1175-x},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {5},\n\turldate = {2017-08-09},\n\tjournal = {European Journal of Wood and Wood Products},\n\tauthor = {Hünnekens, B. and Krause, A. and Militz, H. and Viöl, W.},\n\tyear = {2017},\n\tpages = {761--766},\n\tfile = {Hünnekens (2017) Hydrophobic recovery of atmospheric pressure plasma treated surfaces of Wood-Polymer Composites (WPC).pdf:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\9CF862AI\\\\Hünnekens (2017) Hydrophobic recovery of atmospheric pressure plasma treated surfaces of Wood-Polymer Composites (WPC).pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Exploring the potential of high resolution mass spectrometry for the investigation of lignin-derived phenol substitutes in phenolic resin syntheses.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Dier, T. K. F.; Fleckenstein, M.; Militz, H.; and Volmer, D.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, 409(13): 3441–3451. May 2017.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n \"ExploringPaper\n  \n \n\n \n \n doi\n  \n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@article{dier_exploring_2017,\n\ttitle = {Exploring the potential of high resolution mass spectrometry for the investigation of lignin-derived phenol substitutes in phenolic resin syntheses},\n\tvolume = {409},\n\tissn = {1618-2642, 1618-2650},\n\turl = {http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s00216-017-0282-1},\n\tdoi = {10.1007/s00216-017-0282-1},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {13},\n\turldate = {2018-06-13},\n\tjournal = {Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry},\n\tauthor = {Dier, T. K. F. and Fleckenstein, M. and Militz, H. and Volmer, D.},\n\tmonth = may,\n\tyear = {2017},\n\tpages = {3441--3451},\n\tfile = {Dier et al. - 2017 - Exploring the potential of high resolution mass sp.pdf:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\9YGEN2BV\\\\Dier et al. - 2017 - Exploring the potential of high resolution mass sp.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Improvement of mechanical properties of thermally modified hardwood through melamine treatment.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Behr, G.; Bollmus, S.; Gellerich, A.; and Militz, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Wood Material Science & Engineering, 58(2): 23–28. April 2017.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n \"ImprovementPaper\n  \n \n\n \n \n doi\n  \n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@article{behr_improvement_2017,\n\ttitle = {Improvement of mechanical properties of thermally modified hardwood through melamine treatment},\n\tvolume = {58},\n\tissn = {1748-0272, 1748-0280},\n\turl = {https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/17480272.2017.1313313},\n\tdoi = {10.1080/17480272.2017.1313313},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {2},\n\turldate = {2017-04-20},\n\tjournal = {Wood Material Science \\& Engineering},\n\tauthor = {Behr, G. and Bollmus, S. and Gellerich, A. and Militz, H.},\n\tmonth = apr,\n\tyear = {2017},\n\tpages = {23--28},\n\tfile = {Behr (2017) Improvement of mechanical properties of thermally modified hardwood through melamine treatment.pdf:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\6RXDXUW5\\\\Behr (2017) Improvement of mechanical properties of thermally modified hardwood through melamine treatment.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Wood defects during industrial-scale production of thermally modified Norway spruce and Scots pine.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Altgen, M.; Adamopoulos, S.; and Militz, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Wood Material Science & Engineering, 12(1): 14–23. January 2017.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n \"WoodPaper\n  \n \n\n \n \n doi\n  \n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@article{altgen_wood_2017,\n\ttitle = {Wood defects during industrial-scale production of thermally modified {Norway} spruce and {Scots} pine},\n\tvolume = {12},\n\tissn = {1748-0272, 1748-0280},\n\turl = {https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/17480272.2014.988750},\n\tdoi = {10.1080/17480272.2014.988750},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {1},\n\turldate = {2017-01-13},\n\tjournal = {Wood Material Science \\& Engineering},\n\tauthor = {Altgen, M. and Adamopoulos, S. and Militz, H.},\n\tmonth = jan,\n\tyear = {2017},\n\tpages = {14--23},\n\tfile = {Altgen (2017) Wood defects during industrial scale production of thermally modified Norway spruce and Scots pine.pdf:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\8HE5XFH3\\\\Altgen (2017) Wood defects during industrial scale production of thermally modified Norway spruce and Scots pine.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Thermally modified Scots pine and Norway spruce wood as substrate for coating systems.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Altgen, M.; and Militz, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Journal of Coatings Technology and Research, 14(3): 531–541. May 2017.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n \"ThermallyPaper\n  \n \n\n \n \n doi\n  \n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@article{altgen_thermally_2017,\n\ttitle = {Thermally modified {Scots} pine and {Norway} spruce wood as substrate for coating systems},\n\tvolume = {14},\n\tissn = {1547-0091, 1935-3804},\n\turl = {http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s11998-016-9871-8},\n\tdoi = {10.1007/s11998-016-9871-8},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {3},\n\turldate = {2017-11-14},\n\tjournal = {Journal of Coatings Technology and Research},\n\tauthor = {Altgen, M. and Militz, H.},\n\tmonth = may,\n\tyear = {2017},\n\tpages = {531--541},\n\tfile = {Altgen (2017) Thermally modified Scots pine and Norway spruce wood as substrate for coating systems.pdf:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\WUNGSXIF\\\\Altgen (2017) Thermally modified Scots pine and Norway spruce wood as substrate for coating systems.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Improving dimensional stability of thermally treated wood by secondary modification.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Behr, G.; Mahnert, K.; and Militz, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Holztechnlogie, 58(2): 23–28. 2017.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n \"ImprovingPaper\n  \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@article{behr_improving_2017,\n\ttitle = {Improving dimensional stability of thermally treated wood by secondary modification},\n\tvolume = {58},\n\turl = {http://www.holztechnologie.de/index.php?id=1263&MP=1263-1265},\n\tnumber = {2},\n\tjournal = {Holztechnlogie},\n\tauthor = {Behr, G. and Mahnert, K.-C. and Militz, H.},\n\tyear = {2017},\n\tpages = {23--28},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Dauerhaftigkeit und Dickenquellung von mit Phenolharz modifizierten Laminated Veneer Lumber (LVL).\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Bicke, S.; Biziks, V.; and Militz, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Holztechnologie, 58(5): 54–60. 2017.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@article{bicke_dauerhaftigkeit_2017,\n\ttitle = {Dauerhaftigkeit und {Dickenquellung} von mit {Phenolharz} modifizierten {Laminated} {Veneer} {Lumber} ({LVL})},\n\tvolume = {58},\n\tissn = {0018-3881},\n\tlanguage = {de},\n\tnumber = {5},\n\tjournal = {Holztechnologie},\n\tauthor = {Bicke, S. and Biziks, V. and Militz, H.},\n\tyear = {2017},\n\tpages = {54--60},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Mechanical behavior of eucalyptus nitens thermally modified in open and closed systems.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Wentzel, M.; and Militz, H\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In Engelund Thybring, E, editor(s), 13th annual meeting, pages 45–50, 2017. \n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@inproceedings{engelund_thybring_mechanical_2017,\n\ttitle = {Mechanical behavior of eucalyptus nitens thermally modified in open and closed systems},\n\tbooktitle = {13th annual meeting},\n\tauthor = {Wentzel, M. and Militz, H},\n\teditor = {Engelund Thybring, E},\n\tyear = {2017},\n\tpages = {45--50},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Nanoscale mechanical properties of wood: effects of heat treatment.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Saleh, S; Wentzel, M.; Militz, H; and Volkert, C\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In of Wood Science , S.; and Technology, editor(s), Wood modification reasearch and applications, pages 103–104, Östereich, 2017. \n \n\n\n\n
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@inproceedings{saleh_nanoscale_2017,\n\taddress = {Östereich},\n\ttitle = {Nanoscale mechanical properties of wood: effects of heat treatment},\n\tbooktitle = {Wood modification reasearch and applications},\n\tauthor = {Saleh, S and Wentzel, M. and Militz, H and Volkert, C},\n\teditor = {Society of Wood Science {and} Technology},\n\tyear = {2017},\n\tpages = {103--104},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n In-situ SEM/TEM fracture tests on (modified) tracheids of pine latewood.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Maaß, M.; Wentzel, M.; Militz, H; and Volkert, C\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In of Wood Science , S.; and Technology, editor(s), Wood modification reasearch and applications, pages 124–125, Kuchl, Austria, 2017. \n \n\n\n\n
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@inproceedings{society_of_wood_science_and_technology_-situ_2017,\n\taddress = {Kuchl, Austria},\n\ttitle = {In-situ {SEM}/{TEM} fracture tests on (modified) tracheids of pine latewood},\n\tbooktitle = {Wood modification reasearch and applications},\n\tauthor = {Maaß, MC and Wentzel, M. and Militz, H and Volkert, C},\n\teditor = {Society of Wood Science {and} Technology},\n\tyear = {2017},\n\tpages = {124--125},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Plywood made from plasma-treated veneers: melamine uptake, dimensional stability, and mechanical properties.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Wascher, R.; Kühn, C.; Avramidis, G.; Bicke, S.; Militz, H.; Ohms, G.; and Viöl, W.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Journal of Wood Science, 63(4): 338–349. August 2017.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n \"PlywoodPaper\n  \n \n\n \n \n doi\n  \n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@article{wascher_plywood_2017,\n\ttitle = {Plywood made from plasma-treated veneers: melamine uptake, dimensional stability, and mechanical properties},\n\tvolume = {63},\n\tissn = {1435-0211, 1611-4663},\n\tshorttitle = {Plywood made from plasma-treated veneers},\n\turl = {http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s10086-017-1632-5},\n\tdoi = {10.1007/s10086-017-1632-5},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {4},\n\turldate = {2018-08-22},\n\tjournal = {Journal of Wood Science},\n\tauthor = {Wascher, R. and Kühn, C. and Avramidis, G. and Bicke, S. and Militz, H. and Ohms, Gisela and Viöl, W.},\n\tmonth = aug,\n\tyear = {2017},\n\tpages = {338--349},\n\tfile = {Wascher et al. - 2017 - Plywood made from plasma-treated veneers melamine.pdf:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\WCH5XDEM\\\\Wascher et al. - 2017 - Plywood made from plasma-treated veneers melamine.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Topographic, optical and chemical properties of zinc particle coatings deposited by means of atmospheric pressure plasma.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Wallenhorst, L.; Loewenthal, L.; Avramidis, G.; Gerhard, C.; Militz, H.; Ohms, G.; and Viöl, W.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Applied Surface Science, 410: 485–493. July 2017.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n \"Topographic,Paper\n  \n \n\n \n \n doi\n  \n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
\n 
@article{wallenhorst_topographic_2017,\n\ttitle = {Topographic, optical and chemical properties of zinc particle coatings deposited by means of atmospheric pressure plasma},\n\tvolume = {410},\n\tissn = {01694332},\n\turl = {http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0169433217306724},\n\tdoi = {10.1016/j.apsusc.2017.03.021},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\turldate = {2017-04-10},\n\tjournal = {Applied Surface Science},\n\tauthor = {Wallenhorst, L.M. and Loewenthal, L. and Avramidis, G. and Gerhard, C. and Militz, H. and Ohms, G. and Viöl, W.},\n\tmonth = jul,\n\tyear = {2017},\n\tpages = {485--493},\n\tfile = {Wallenhorst (2017) Topographic, optical and chemical properties of zinc particle coatings deposited by means of atmospheric pressure plasma.pdf:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\6A664CU6\\\\Wallenhorst (2017) Topographic, optical and chemical properties of zinc particle coatings deposited by means of atmospheric pressure plasma.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Enhanced water resistance of extruded wood–polypropylene composites based on alternative wood sources.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Krause, K. C.; Müller, M.; Militz, H.; and Krause, A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n European Journal of Wood and Wood Products, 75(1): 125–134. January 2017.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n \"EnhancedPaper\n  \n \n\n \n \n doi\n  \n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n  \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
\n 
@article{krause_enhanced_2017,\n\ttitle = {Enhanced water resistance of extruded wood–polypropylene composites based on alternative wood sources},\n\tvolume = {75},\n\tissn = {1436-736X},\n\turl = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s00107-016-1091-5},\n\tdoi = {10.1007/s00107-016-1091-5},\n\tabstract = {Polypropylene wood flour composites made from short-rotation coppice (SRC) and low valued beech wood (Fagus sylvatica) were investigated with respect to their suitability for use in the production of wood–polymer composites (WPC). An industrial wood source consisting of spruce wood flour (Picea abies) was used as reference material. All composites were compounded on a co-rotating twin screw extruder containing either 60 or 70 wt\\% wood flour. Consolidation was done by profile extrusion. Mechanical and physical properties of the composites were investigated. The wood sources were characterized concerning their particle length and shape by the use of a dynamic optical particle analysis system. X-ray microtomography (µ-CT) was used to study the dispersion of wood particles and the internal composite structure. However, all composites based on alternative wood sources showed an equivalent performance regarding mechanical properties compared to the composite reference. Composites containing beech wood flour showed notably reduced water absorption rates, whereas the composites based on SRC wood flour revealed significantly reduced moisture content compared to reference composites. A different particle length distribution was depicted between the industrial wood source and three other investigated wood sources. Moreover, all wood flour sources were characterized by a mean aspect ratio up to 3:1. The X-ray microtomography illustrated morphological differences between composites. Based on the X-ray images, an alignment along the melt flow and a decent encapsulation by polypropylene were shown.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {1},\n\tjournal = {European Journal of Wood and Wood Products},\n\tauthor = {Krause, K. C. and Müller, M. and Militz, H. and Krause, A.},\n\tmonth = jan,\n\tyear = {2017},\n\tpages = {125--134},\n\tfile = {Krause (2016) Enhanced water resistance of extruded wood–polypropylene composites based on alternative wood sources.pdf:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\CXKFNGR4\\\\Krause (2016) Enhanced water resistance of extruded wood–polypropylene composites based on alternative wood sources.pdf:application/pdf;Krause et al. - 2017 - Enhanced water resistance of extruded wood–polypro.pdf:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\BZ9YIEEW\\\\Krause et al. - 2017 - Enhanced water resistance of extruded wood–polypro.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n Polypropylene wood flour composites made from short-rotation coppice (SRC) and low valued beech wood (Fagus sylvatica) were investigated with respect to their suitability for use in the production of wood–polymer composites (WPC). An industrial wood source consisting of spruce wood flour (Picea abies) was used as reference material. All composites were compounded on a co-rotating twin screw extruder containing either 60 or 70 wt% wood flour. Consolidation was done by profile extrusion. Mechanical and physical properties of the composites were investigated. The wood sources were characterized concerning their particle length and shape by the use of a dynamic optical particle analysis system. X-ray microtomography (µ-CT) was used to study the dispersion of wood particles and the internal composite structure. However, all composites based on alternative wood sources showed an equivalent performance regarding mechanical properties compared to the composite reference. Composites containing beech wood flour showed notably reduced water absorption rates, whereas the composites based on SRC wood flour revealed significantly reduced moisture content compared to reference composites. A different particle length distribution was depicted between the industrial wood source and three other investigated wood sources. Moreover, all wood flour sources were characterized by a mean aspect ratio up to 3:1. The X-ray microtomography illustrated morphological differences between composites. Based on the X-ray images, an alignment along the melt flow and a decent encapsulation by polypropylene were shown.\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Shear strength of furfurylated, N-methylol melamine and thermally modified wood bonded with three conventional adhesives.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Bastani, A.; Adamopoulos, S.; and Militz, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Wood Material Science & Engineering, 12(4): 236–241. August 2017.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n \"ShearPaper\n  \n \n\n \n \n doi\n  \n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@article{bastani_shear_2017,\n\ttitle = {Shear strength of furfurylated, {N}-methylol melamine and thermally modified wood bonded with three conventional adhesives},\n\tvolume = {12},\n\tissn = {1748-0272, 1748-0280},\n\turl = {https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/17480272.2016.1164754},\n\tdoi = {10.1080/17480272.2016.1164754},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {4},\n\turldate = {2018-10-08},\n\tjournal = {Wood Material Science \\& Engineering},\n\tauthor = {Bastani, A. and Adamopoulos, S. and Militz, H.},\n\tmonth = aug,\n\tyear = {2017},\n\tpages = {236--241},\n\tfile = {Bastani (2016) Shear strength of furfurylated, N-methylol melamine and thermally modified wood bonded with three conventional adhesives.pdf:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\UJQVXPF9\\\\Bastani (2016) Shear strength of furfurylated, N-methylol melamine and thermally modified wood bonded with three conventional adhesives.pdf:application/pdf;Bastani et al. - 2017 - Shear strength of furfurylated, N-methylol melamin.pdf:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\YQBCDKAQ\\\\Bastani et al. - 2017 - Shear strength of furfurylated, N-methylol melamin.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n  \n 2016\n \n \n (26)\n \n \n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Bonding of acetylated wood.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Bongers, F.; Meijerink, T.; Lütkemeier, B.; Lankveld, C.; Alexander, J.; Militz, H.; and Lehringer, C.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n International Wood Products Journal, 7(2): 102–106. April 2016.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n \"BondingPaper\n  \n \n\n \n \n doi\n  \n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
\n 
@article{bongers_bonding_2016,\n\ttitle = {Bonding of acetylated wood},\n\tvolume = {7},\n\tissn = {2042-6445, 2042-6453},\n\turl = {http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/20426445.2016.1161944},\n\tdoi = {10.1080/20426445.2016.1161944},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {2},\n\turldate = {2018-06-13},\n\tjournal = {International Wood Products Journal},\n\tauthor = {Bongers, F. and Meijerink, T. and Lütkemeier, B. and Lankveld, C. and Alexander, J. and Militz, H. and Lehringer, C.},\n\tmonth = apr,\n\tyear = {2016},\n\tpages = {102--106},\n\tfile = {Bonding of acetylated wood.pdf:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\MFV96ZS6\\\\Bonding of acetylated wood.pdf:application/pdf;Bongers et al. - 2016 - Bonding of acetylated wood.pdf:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\QUPI553H\\\\Bongers et al. - 2016 - Bonding of acetylated wood.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n The effect of combined melamine resin coloring agent modification on water related properties of beech wood.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Kielmann, B. C.; Militz, H.; and Mai, C.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Wood Research, 61(1): 1–12. 2016.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@article{kielmann_effect_2016,\n\ttitle = {The effect of combined melamine resin coloring agent modification on water related properties of beech wood},\n\tvolume = {61},\n\tnumber = {1},\n\tjournal = {Wood Research},\n\tauthor = {Kielmann, Bodo Caspar and Militz, Holger and Mai, Carsten},\n\tyear = {2016},\n\tpages = {1--12},\n\tfile = {Kielmann et al. - The effect of combined melamine resin coloring age.pdf:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\2JTUJFB9\\\\Kielmann et al. - The effect of combined melamine resin coloring age.pdf:application/pdf;Kielmann et al. (2016) The effect of combined melamine resin coloring agent modification on water related properties of beech wood.pdf:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\J9724KTH\\\\Kielmann et al. (2016) The effect of combined melamine resin coloring agent modification on water related properties of beech wood.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Study of adhesive bondlines in modified wood with fluorescence microscopy and X-ray micro-computed tomography.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Bastani, A.; Adamopoulos, S.; Koddenberg, T.; and Militz, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n International Journal of Adhesion and Adhesives, 68: 351–358. July 2016.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n \"StudyPaper\n  \n \n\n \n \n doi\n  \n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
\n 
@article{bastani_study_2016,\n\ttitle = {Study of adhesive bondlines in modified wood with fluorescence microscopy and {X}-ray micro-computed tomography},\n\tvolume = {68},\n\tissn = {01437496},\n\turl = {http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0143749616300811},\n\tdoi = {10.1016/j.ijadhadh.2016.04.006},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\turldate = {2017-01-18},\n\tjournal = {International Journal of Adhesion and Adhesives},\n\tauthor = {Bastani, A. and Adamopoulos, S. and Koddenberg, T. and Militz, H.},\n\tmonth = jul,\n\tyear = {2016},\n\tpages = {351--358},\n\tfile = {Bastani (2016) Study of adhesive bondlines in modified wood with fluorescence microscopy and X-ray micro-computed tomography.pdf:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\948T8I2D\\\\Bastani (2016) Study of adhesive bondlines in modified wood with fluorescence microscopy and X-ray micro-computed tomography.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Yield, fermentation kinetics and the role of quality properties of thatching reed (Phragmites australis) during discontinuous anaerobic fermentation.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Wöhler-Geske, A.; Moschner, C. R.; Gellerich, A.; Militz, H.; Greef, J. M.; and Hartung, E.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Industrial Crops and Products, 83: 701–709. May 2016.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n \"Yield,Paper\n  \n \n\n \n \n doi\n  \n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
\n 
@article{wohler-geske_yield_2016,\n\ttitle = {Yield, fermentation kinetics and the role of quality properties of thatching reed ({Phragmites} australis) during discontinuous anaerobic fermentation},\n\tvolume = {83},\n\tissn = {09266690},\n\turl = {http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0926669015306336},\n\tdoi = {10.1016/j.indcrop.2015.12.041},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\turldate = {2018-01-24},\n\tjournal = {Industrial Crops and Products},\n\tauthor = {Wöhler-Geske, A. and Moschner, C. R. and Gellerich, A. and Militz, H. and Greef, J. M. and Hartung, E.},\n\tmonth = may,\n\tyear = {2016},\n\tpages = {701--709},\n\tfile = {Wöhler-Geske (2015) Yield, fermentation kinetics and the role of quality properties of thatching reed (Phragmites australis) during discontinuous anaerobic fermentation.pdf:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\NKAV3S2M\\\\Wöhler-Geske (2015) Yield, fermentation kinetics and the role of quality properties of thatching reed (Phragmites australis) during discontinuous ana.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Wood polymer composites and their contribution to cascading utilisation.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Teuber, L.; Osburg, V. S.; Toporowski, W.; Militz, H.; and Krause, A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Journal of Cleaner Production, 110: 9–15. January 2016.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n \"WoodPaper\n  \n \n\n \n \n doi\n  \n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
\n 
@article{teuber_wood_2016,\n\ttitle = {Wood polymer composites and their contribution to cascading utilisation},\n\tvolume = {110},\n\tissn = {09596526},\n\turl = {http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0959652615003522},\n\tdoi = {10.1016/j.jclepro.2015.04.009},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\turldate = {2018-06-13},\n\tjournal = {Journal of Cleaner Production},\n\tauthor = {Teuber, L. and Osburg, V. S. and Toporowski, W. and Militz, H. and Krause, A.},\n\tmonth = jan,\n\tyear = {2016},\n\tpages = {9--15},\n\tfile = {Teuber (2015) Wood polymer composites and their contribution to cascade utilisation.pdf:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\IHAFI3JC\\\\Teuber (2015) Wood polymer composites and their contribution to cascade utilisation.pdf:application/pdf;Teuber (2016) Wood polymer composites and their contribution to cascade utilisation.pdf:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\ENNI4MC4\\\\Teuber (2016) Wood polymer composites and their contribution to cascade utilisation.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Processing of wood plastic composites: The influence of feeding method and polymer melt flow rate on particle degradation.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Teuber, L; Militz, H; and Krause, A\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 133(13): 1–9. April 2016.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n \"ProcessingPaper\n  \n \n\n \n \n doi\n  \n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n  \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
\n 
@article{teuber_processing_2016,\n\ttitle = {Processing of wood plastic composites: {The} influence of feeding method and polymer melt flow rate on particle degradation},\n\tvolume = {133},\n\tissn = {1097-4628},\n\tshorttitle = {Processing of wood plastic composites},\n\turl = {http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/app.43231/abstract},\n\tdoi = {10.1002/app.43231},\n\tabstract = {Spruce wood particle (WP)/polypropylene (PP) compounds were prepared in an internal mixer using different rotor speeds. To analyze the effect of feeding method on particle degradation, WP and PP were either fed as dry-blend or WP was fed into the PP melt. To prevent melt freezing, pre-heated WP were used as comparison to cold WP. In addition, WPs were compounded with different grades of PP or high-density polyethylene (HDPE) to analyze the effect of polymer matrix melt flow rate (MFR) on particle degradation. Mixing behavior of compounds containing 30\\% and 70\\% (w/w) WP depended on feeding method, represented by a changing relation of final torque values. Feeding as dry-blend and using pre-heated particles led to stronger WP degradation. Degradation decreased with increasing polymer MFR. For PP compounds, particle degradation was stronger when containing 70\\% WP, for HDPE the difference due to WP content was only marginal.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {13},\n\turldate = {2016-01-08},\n\tjournal = {Journal of Applied Polymer Science},\n\tauthor = {Teuber, L and Militz, H and Krause, A},\n\tmonth = apr,\n\tyear = {2016},\n\tpages = {1--9},\n\tfile = {Teuber (2016b) - Influence of feeding method and MFI.pdf:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\H99DJJDH\\\\Teuber (2016b) - Influence of feeding method and MFI.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n Spruce wood particle (WP)/polypropylene (PP) compounds were prepared in an internal mixer using different rotor speeds. To analyze the effect of feeding method on particle degradation, WP and PP were either fed as dry-blend or WP was fed into the PP melt. To prevent melt freezing, pre-heated WP were used as comparison to cold WP. In addition, WPs were compounded with different grades of PP or high-density polyethylene (HDPE) to analyze the effect of polymer matrix melt flow rate (MFR) on particle degradation. Mixing behavior of compounds containing 30% and 70% (w/w) WP depended on feeding method, represented by a changing relation of final torque values. Feeding as dry-blend and using pre-heated particles led to stronger WP degradation. Degradation decreased with increasing polymer MFR. For PP compounds, particle degradation was stronger when containing 70% WP, for HDPE the difference due to WP content was only marginal.\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Residual strength of thermally modified Scots pine after fatigue testing in flexure.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Sharapov, E.; Mahnert, K. C.; and Militz, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n European Journal of Wood and Wood Products, 74(6): 875–884. 2016.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n \"ResidualPaper\n  \n \n\n \n \n doi\n  \n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n  \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
\n 
@article{sharapov_residual_2016,\n\ttitle = {Residual strength of thermally modified {Scots} pine after fatigue testing in flexure},\n\tvolume = {74},\n\tissn = {0018-3768, 1436-736X},\n\turl = {http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00107-016-1082-6},\n\tdoi = {10.1007/s00107-016-1082-6},\n\tabstract = {Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) was thermally modified and its residual strength after cyclic bending was tested. Asymmetric sinusoidal cyclic oscillations at 20 Hz frequency and load ratio p = 0.3 were},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {6},\n\turldate = {2016-10-31},\n\tjournal = {European Journal of Wood and Wood Products},\n\tauthor = {Sharapov, E. and Mahnert, K. C. and Militz, H.},\n\tyear = {2016},\n\tpages = {875--884},\n\tfile = {Sharapov (2016) Residual strength of thermally modified Scots pine after fatigue testing in flexure.pdf:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\H428TKAJ\\\\Sharapov (2016) Residual strength of thermally modified Scots pine after fatigue testing in flexure.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) was thermally modified and its residual strength after cyclic bending was tested. Asymmetric sinusoidal cyclic oscillations at 20 Hz frequency and load ratio p = 0.3 were\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Plasma treatment of wood–polymer composites: A comparison of three different discharge types and their effect on surface properties.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Hünnekens, B.; Peters, F.; Avramidis, G.; Krause, A.; Militz, H.; and Viöl, W.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 133(18): n/a–n/a. May 2016.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n \"PlasmaPaper\n  \n \n\n \n \n doi\n  \n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n  \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@article{hunnekens_plasma_2016,\n\ttitle = {Plasma treatment of wood–polymer composites: {A} comparison of three different discharge types and their effect on surface properties},\n\tvolume = {133},\n\tissn = {1097-4628},\n\tshorttitle = {Plasma treatment of wood–polymer composites},\n\turl = {http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/app.43376/abstract},\n\tdoi = {10.1002/app.43376},\n\tabstract = {Three different discharge types, based on the principle of a dielectric barrier discharge at atmospheric pressure, were investigated with regard to their influence on the adhesion properties of a series of wood–polymer composites. Wood flour (Picea abies L.) filled polypropylene and various proportions of polyethylene were manufactured either through extrusion or injection molding. The composites’ surfaces were activated by coplanar surface barrier discharge, remote plasma, and direct dielectric barrier discharge. The changes in wettability due to the pretreatment were investigated by contact angle measurement using the sessile drop method and calculation of surface free energy (SFE). It could be shown that wettability was improved by all three types of discharge, the contact angle decreased and the SFE correspondingly increased. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy revealed an increase in the O/C ratio at the material's surface. An improvement in coating adhesion was demonstrated by crosscut and pulloff tests. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 43376.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {18},\n\turldate = {2016-05-09},\n\tjournal = {Journal of Applied Polymer Science},\n\tauthor = {Hünnekens, B. and Peters, F. and Avramidis, G. and Krause, A. and Militz, H. and Viöl, W.},\n\tmonth = may,\n\tyear = {2016},\n\tkeywords = {cellulose and other wood products, coatings, composites, surfaces and interfaces, thermoplastics},\n\tpages = {n/a--n/a},\n\tfile = {Full Text PDF:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\DBPQG95D\\\\Hünnekens et al. - 2016 - Plasma treatment of wood–polymer composites A com.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n Three different discharge types, based on the principle of a dielectric barrier discharge at atmospheric pressure, were investigated with regard to their influence on the adhesion properties of a series of wood–polymer composites. Wood flour (Picea abies L.) filled polypropylene and various proportions of polyethylene were manufactured either through extrusion or injection molding. The composites’ surfaces were activated by coplanar surface barrier discharge, remote plasma, and direct dielectric barrier discharge. The changes in wettability due to the pretreatment were investigated by contact angle measurement using the sessile drop method and calculation of surface free energy (SFE). It could be shown that wettability was improved by all three types of discharge, the contact angle decreased and the SFE correspondingly increased. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy revealed an increase in the O/C ratio at the material's surface. An improvement in coating adhesion was demonstrated by crosscut and pulloff tests. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 43376.\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Improved resource efficiency and cascading utilisation of renewable materials.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Geldermann, J.; Kolbe, L. M.; Krause, A.; Mai, C.; Militz, H.; Osburg, V. S.; Schöbel, A.; Schumann, M.; Toporowski, W.; and Westphal, S.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Journal of Cleaner Production, 110: 1–8. January 2016.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n \"ImprovedPaper\n  \n \n\n \n \n doi\n  \n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
\n 
@article{geldermann_improved_2016,\n\ttitle = {Improved resource efficiency and cascading utilisation of renewable materials},\n\tvolume = {110},\n\tissn = {09596526},\n\turl = {http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0959652615013207},\n\tdoi = {10.1016/j.jclepro.2015.09.092},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\turldate = {2018-01-25},\n\tjournal = {Journal of Cleaner Production},\n\tauthor = {Geldermann, J. and Kolbe, L. M. and Krause, A. and Mai, C. and Militz, H. and Osburg, V. S. and Schöbel, A. and Schumann, M. and Toporowski, W. and Westphal, S.},\n\tmonth = jan,\n\tyear = {2016},\n\tpages = {1--8},\n\tfile = {Geldermann (2016) Improved resource efficiency and cascading utilisation of renewable materials.pdf:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\KQMDM337\\\\Geldermann (2016) Improved resource efficiency and cascading utilisation of renewable materials.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Wood degradation affected by process conditions during thermal modification of European beech in a high-pressure reactor system.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Altgen, M.; Willems, W.; and Militz, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n European Journal of Wood and Wood Products, 74(5): 653–662. September 2016.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n \"WoodPaper\n  \n \n\n \n \n doi\n  \n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
\n 
@article{altgen_wood_2016,\n\ttitle = {Wood degradation affected by process conditions during thermal modification of {European} beech in a high-pressure reactor system},\n\tvolume = {74},\n\tissn = {0018-3768, 1436-736X},\n\turl = {http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s00107-016-1045-y},\n\tdoi = {10.1007/s00107-016-1045-y},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {5},\n\turldate = {2018-10-08},\n\tjournal = {European Journal of Wood and Wood Products},\n\tauthor = {Altgen, M. and Willems, W. and Militz, H.},\n\tmonth = sep,\n\tyear = {2016},\n\tpages = {653--662},\n\tfile = {Altgen et al. - 2016 - Wood degradation affected by process conditions du.pdf:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\RDPCNA9R\\\\Altgen et al. - 2016 - Wood degradation affected by process conditions du.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Wood moisture content during the thermal modification process affects the improvement in hygroscopicity of Scots pine sapwood.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Altgen, M.; Hofmann, T.; and Militz, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Wood Science and Technology, 50(6): 1181–1195. November 2016.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n \"WoodPaper\n  \n \n\n \n \n doi\n  \n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
\n 
@article{altgen_wood_2016-1,\n\ttitle = {Wood moisture content during the thermal modification process affects the improvement in hygroscopicity of {Scots} pine sapwood},\n\tvolume = {50},\n\tissn = {0043-7719, 1432-5225},\n\turl = {http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s00226-016-0845-x},\n\tdoi = {10.1007/s00226-016-0845-x},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {6},\n\turldate = {2018-01-25},\n\tjournal = {Wood Science and Technology},\n\tauthor = {Altgen, M. and Hofmann, T. and Militz, H.},\n\tmonth = nov,\n\tyear = {2016},\n\tpages = {1181--1195},\n\tfile = {Altgen et al. - 2016 - Wood moisture content during the thermal modificat.pdf:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\FCYU6JIW\\\\Altgen et al. - 2016 - Wood moisture content during the thermal modificat.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Photodegradation of thermally-modified Scots pine and Norway spruce investigated on thin micro-veneers.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Altgen, M.; and Militz, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n European Journal of Wood and Wood Products, 74(2): 185–190. March 2016.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n \"PhotodegradationPaper\n  \n \n\n \n \n doi\n  \n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
\n 
@article{altgen_photodegradation_2016,\n\ttitle = {Photodegradation of thermally-modified {Scots} pine and {Norway} spruce investigated on thin micro-veneers},\n\tvolume = {74},\n\tissn = {0018-3768, 1436-736X},\n\turl = {http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s00107-015-0980-3},\n\tdoi = {10.1007/s00107-015-0980-3},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {2},\n\turldate = {2018-10-08},\n\tjournal = {European Journal of Wood and Wood Products},\n\tauthor = {Altgen, M. and Militz, H.},\n\tmonth = mar,\n\tyear = {2016},\n\tpages = {185--190},\n\tfile = {Altgen und Militz - 2016 - Photodegradation of thermally-modified Scots pine .pdf:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\6BB8YMJP\\\\Altgen und Militz - 2016 - Photodegradation of thermally-modified Scots pine .pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Performance testing of DMDHEU-modified wood in Australia.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Militz, H; and Norton, J\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In June 2016. \n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n doi\n  \n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n  \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
\n 
@inproceedings{militz_performance_2016,\n\ttitle = {Performance testing of {DMDHEU}-modified wood in {Australia}},\n\tdoi = {IRG/WP 13-30613},\n\tabstract = {Chemical wood modification with dimethyloldihydroxy-ethyleneurea (DMDHEU) or its derivatives has been researched for many years and shown to be applicable to improve certain wood properties to both solid lumber and wood-based composites. Earlier research proved a high biological resistance of DMDHEU-modified wood against biological degradation in laboratory and field tests in Europe. Due to the very different climatic conditions and test procedures in Queensland (Australia), the resistance of DMDHEU-modified wood was evaluated in field tests in Southern and Northern Queensland over a period of 5.5 years. The tests show, that in weather exposed out of ground (H3) exposure and in soil contact (H4) DMDHEU treated pine resists degradation by fungi compared to treated beech (Fagus sylvatica) which is protected only at higher chemical loadings.},\n\tauthor = {Militz, H and Norton, J},\n\tmonth = jun,\n\tyear = {2016},\n\tkeywords = {wood modification, Durability, DMDHEU, FIELD TESTS, hazard classes},\n\tfile = {IRG 13-30613:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\CESAD6QR\\\\IRG 13-30613.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n Chemical wood modification with dimethyloldihydroxy-ethyleneurea (DMDHEU) or its derivatives has been researched for many years and shown to be applicable to improve certain wood properties to both solid lumber and wood-based composites. Earlier research proved a high biological resistance of DMDHEU-modified wood against biological degradation in laboratory and field tests in Europe. Due to the very different climatic conditions and test procedures in Queensland (Australia), the resistance of DMDHEU-modified wood was evaluated in field tests in Southern and Northern Queensland over a period of 5.5 years. The tests show, that in weather exposed out of ground (H3) exposure and in soil contact (H4) DMDHEU treated pine resists degradation by fungi compared to treated beech (Fagus sylvatica) which is protected only at higher chemical loadings.\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Development of bonding strength of modified birch veneers during adhesive curing.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Bastani, A.; Militz, H.; Adamopoulos, S.; and Rohumaa, A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Wood research, 61(2): 205–214. 2016.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n \"DevelopmentPaper\n  \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n  \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
\n 
@article{bastani_development_2016,\n\ttitle = {Development of bonding strength of modified birch veneers during adhesive curing},\n\tvolume = {61},\n\turl = {http://lnu.diva-portal.org/smash/record.jsf?pid=diva2:919491},\n\tabstract = {This study investigated the bonding strength development of furfurylated, N-methylolmelamine (NMM) modified and thermally treated birch veneers glued with hot curing phenolformaldehyde (PF) adhesiv ...},\n\tlanguage = {eng},\n\tnumber = {2},\n\turldate = {2017-01-18},\n\tjournal = {Wood research},\n\tauthor = {Bastani, Alireza and Militz, Holger and Adamopoulos, Stergios and Rohumaa, Anti},\n\tyear = {2016},\n\tpages = {205--214},\n\tfile = {Bastani (2016) Development of bonding strength of modified birch veneers during adhesive curing.pdf:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\S2X58RMH\\\\Bastani (2016) Development of bonding strength of modified birch veneers during adhesive curing.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n This study investigated the bonding strength development of furfurylated, N-methylolmelamine (NMM) modified and thermally treated birch veneers glued with hot curing phenolformaldehyde (PF) adhesiv ...\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n The chemistry of wood degradation by Basidiomycetes studied in a van Krevelen diagram.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Willems, W.; and Militz, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In June 2016. \n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n doi\n  \n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n  \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
\n 
@inproceedings{willems_chemistry_2016,\n\ttitle = {The chemistry of wood degradation by {Basidiomycetes} studied in a van {Krevelen} diagram},\n\tdoi = {IRG/WP 13-10805},\n\tabstract = {The atomic composition ratios of decayed wood by Basidiomycetes are mapped in a van Krevelen diagram. It is shown that the wood residue after decay is chemically reduced, rather than oxidized. A previously developed and verified theoretical model for thermal wood modification, relating atomic composition ratios to moisture sorption and fungal resistance properties has tentatively been applied to wood modification by Basidiomycetes-attack. It is argued that some of the reaction mechanisms, activated by heat during thermal modification, may also become activated in wood under fungal attack.},\n\tauthor = {Willems, W. and Militz, H.},\n\tmonth = jun,\n\tyear = {2016},\n\tkeywords = {elemental composition, fungal resistance, van Krevelen diagram, wood decay},\n\tfile = {IRG 13-10805:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\4R6T53A3\\\\IRG 13-10805.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n The atomic composition ratios of decayed wood by Basidiomycetes are mapped in a van Krevelen diagram. It is shown that the wood residue after decay is chemically reduced, rather than oxidized. A previously developed and verified theoretical model for thermal wood modification, relating atomic composition ratios to moisture sorption and fungal resistance properties has tentatively been applied to wood modification by Basidiomycetes-attack. It is argued that some of the reaction mechanisms, activated by heat during thermal modification, may also become activated in wood under fungal attack.\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Entwicklung von Vorbehandlungsmethoden für Holz und Holzwerkstoffe auf Basis einer dielektrisch behinderten Gasentladung unter Atmosphärendruck.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Wascher, R.; Avramidis, G.; Neubauer, A.; Seifert, V.; Militz, H.; and Viöl, W.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Holztechnologie, 57(2): 12–17. 2016.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n  \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@article{wascher_entwicklung_2016,\n\ttitle = {Entwicklung von {Vorbehandlungsmethoden} für {Holz} und {Holzwerkstoffe} auf {Basis} einer dielektrisch behinderten {Gasentladung} unter {Atmosphärendruck}},\n\tvolume = {57},\n\tabstract = {This paper presents two processing units that operate on the principle of a dielectric barrier discharge for the pre-treatment of wood and wood materials through plasma. The plasma veneer unit allows pre-treatments of thin continuous substrates such as wood veneers up to a thickness of 4 mm. The plasma conveyor system allows bulk goods, such as wood chips, fibres and granules, to be treated. Both systems proved effective in improving the liquid uptake, while in the case of beech veneers, the conveyor belt system demonstrated greater efficiency at the same injected power. Thermally modified beech veneers showed comparable results in terms of efficacy. The material feed at comparable effectiveness is 60 \\% higher in the veneer system.},\n\tnumber = {2},\n\tjournal = {Holztechnologie},\n\tauthor = {Wascher, R. and Avramidis, G. and Neubauer, A. and Seifert, V. and Militz, H. and Viöl, W.},\n\tyear = {2016},\n\tpages = {12--17},\n\tfile = {Wascher (2016) Entwicklung von Vorbehandlungsmethoden für Holz und Holzwerkstoffe auf Basis einer dielektrisch behinderten Gasentladung unter Atmosphärendruck.pdf:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\UFPFKLIP\\\\Wascher (2016) Entwicklung von Vorbehandlungsmethoden für Holz und Holzwerkstoffe auf Basis einer dielektrisch behinderten Gasentladung unter Atmosph.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n This paper presents two processing units that operate on the principle of a dielectric barrier discharge for the pre-treatment of wood and wood materials through plasma. The plasma veneer unit allows pre-treatments of thin continuous substrates such as wood veneers up to a thickness of 4 mm. The plasma conveyor system allows bulk goods, such as wood chips, fibres and granules, to be treated. Both systems proved effective in improving the liquid uptake, while in the case of beech veneers, the conveyor belt system demonstrated greater efficiency at the same injected power. Thermally modified beech veneers showed comparable results in terms of efficacy. The material feed at comparable effectiveness is 60 % higher in the veneer system.\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Effects of copper-plasma deposition on weathering properties of wood surfaces.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Gascón-Garrido, P.; Mainusch, N.; Militz, H.; Viöl, W.; and Mai, C.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Applied Surface Science, 366: 112–119. March 2016.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n \"EffectsPaper\n  \n \n\n \n \n doi\n  \n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
\n 
@article{gascon-garrido_effects_2016,\n\ttitle = {Effects of copper-plasma deposition on weathering properties of wood surfaces},\n\tvolume = {366},\n\tissn = {01694332},\n\turl = {http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0169433216000866},\n\tdoi = {10.1016/j.apsusc.2016.01.060},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\turldate = {2018-01-25},\n\tjournal = {Applied Surface Science},\n\tauthor = {Gascón-Garrido, P. and Mainusch, N. and Militz, H. and Viöl, W. and Mai, C.},\n\tmonth = mar,\n\tyear = {2016},\n\tpages = {112--119},\n\tfile = {Gascón-Garrido (2016) Effects of copper-plasma deposition on weathering properties of wood surfaces.pdf:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\BHDRKQT2\\\\Gascón-Garrido (2016) Effects of copper-plasma deposition on weathering properties of wood surfaces.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Impact of air-plasma treatment at atmospheric pressure on wood and wood extractives.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Avramidis, G.; Wascher, R.; Militz, H.; and Viöl, W.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n International Wood Products Journal, 7(2): 76–79. April 2016.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n \"ImpactPaper\n  \n \n\n \n \n doi\n  \n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
\n 
@article{avramidis_impact_2016,\n\ttitle = {Impact of air-plasma treatment at atmospheric pressure on wood and wood extractives},\n\tvolume = {7},\n\tissn = {2042-6445, 2042-6453},\n\turl = {http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/20426445.2016.1162429},\n\tdoi = {10.1080/20426445.2016.1162429},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {2},\n\turldate = {2018-01-25},\n\tjournal = {International Wood Products Journal},\n\tauthor = {Avramidis, G. and Wascher, R. and Militz, H. and Viöl, W.},\n\tmonth = apr,\n\tyear = {2016},\n\tpages = {76--79},\n\tfile = {Avramidis (2016) Impact of air-plasma treatment at atmospheric pressure on wood and wood extractives.pdf:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\UPNIHXKV\\\\Avramidis (2016) Impact of air-plasma treatment at atmospheric pressure on wood and wood extractives.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Influence of process conditions on hygroscopicity and mechanical properties of European beech thermally modified in a high-pressure reactor system.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Altgen, M.; and Militz, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Holzforschung, 70(10). January 2016.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n \"InfluencePaper\n  \n \n\n \n \n doi\n  \n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
\n 
@article{altgen_influence_2016,\n\ttitle = {Influence of process conditions on hygroscopicity and mechanical properties of {European} beech thermally modified in a high-pressure reactor system},\n\tvolume = {70},\n\tissn = {1437-434X, 0018-3830},\n\turl = {https://www.degruyter.com/view/j/hfsg.2016.70.issue-10/hf-2015-0235/hf-2015-0235.xml},\n\tdoi = {10.1515/hf-2015-0235},\n\tnumber = {10},\n\turldate = {2018-10-08},\n\tjournal = {Holzforschung},\n\tauthor = {Altgen, M. and Militz, H.},\n\tmonth = jan,\n\tyear = {2016},\n\tfile = {Altgen und Militz - 2016 - Influence of process conditions on hygroscopicity .pdf:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\H2RFI2KG\\\\Altgen und Militz - 2016 - Influence of process conditions on hygroscopicity .pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Dynamic particle analysis for the evaluation of particle degradation during compounding of wood plastic composites.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Teuber, L.; Militz, H.; and Krause, A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing, 84: 464–471. May 2016.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n \"DynamicPaper\n  \n \n\n \n \n doi\n  \n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
\n 
@article{teuber_dynamic_2016,\n\ttitle = {Dynamic particle analysis for the evaluation of particle degradation during compounding of wood plastic composites},\n\tvolume = {84},\n\tissn = {1359835X},\n\turl = {http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1359835X16300021},\n\tdoi = {10.1016/j.compositesa.2016.02.028},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\turldate = {2018-01-25},\n\tjournal = {Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing},\n\tauthor = {Teuber, L. and Militz, H. and Krause, A.},\n\tmonth = may,\n\tyear = {2016},\n\tpages = {464--471},\n\tfile = {Teuber et al. - 2016 - Dynamic particle analysis for the evaluation of pa.pdf:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\F59IQKKL\\\\Teuber et al. - 2016 - Dynamic particle analysis for the evaluation of pa.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Thermo-oxidative decomposition and combustion behavior of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) sapwood modified with phenol- and melamine-formaldehyde resins.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Xie, Y.; Xu, J.; Militz, H.; Wang, F.; Wang, Q.; Mai, C.; and Xiao, Z.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Wood Science and Technology, 50(6): 1125–1143. September 2016.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n \"Thermo-oxidativePaper\n  \n \n\n \n \n doi\n  \n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@article{xie_thermo-oxidative_2016,\n\ttitle = {Thermo-oxidative decomposition and combustion behavior of {Scots} pine ({Pinus} sylvestris {L}.) sapwood modified with phenol- and melamine-formaldehyde resins},\n\tvolume = {50},\n\tissn = {0043-7719, 1432-5225},\n\turl = {http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s00226-016-0857-6},\n\tdoi = {10.1007/s00226-016-0857-6},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {6},\n\turldate = {2016-09-23},\n\tjournal = {Wood Science and Technology},\n\tauthor = {Xie, Y. and Xu, J. and Militz, H. and Wang, F. and Wang, Q. and Mai, C. and Xiao, Z.},\n\tmonth = sep,\n\tyear = {2016},\n\tpages = {1125--1143},\n\tfile = {Xie (2016) Thermo-oxidative decomposition and combustion behavior of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) sapwood modified with phenol- and melamine-formaldehyde resins.pdf:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\EZHR7ICA\\\\Xie (2016) Thermo-oxidative decomposition and combustion behavior of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) sapwood modified with phenol- and melamine-for.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Combustion behavior of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) sapwood treated with a dispersion of aluminum oxychloride-modified silica.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Xiao, Z.; Xu, J.; Mai, C.; Militz, H.; Wang, Q.; and Xie, Y.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Holzforschung, 70(12). January 2016.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n \"CombustionPaper\n  \n \n\n \n \n doi\n  \n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@article{xiao_combustion_2016,\n\ttitle = {Combustion behavior of {Scots} pine ({Pinus} sylvestris {L}.) sapwood treated with a dispersion of aluminum oxychloride-modified silica},\n\tvolume = {70},\n\tissn = {1437-434X, 0018-3830},\n\turl = {http://www.degruyter.com/view/j/hfsg.2016.70.issue-12/hf-2016-0062/hf-2016-0062.xml},\n\tdoi = {10.1515/hf-2016-0062},\n\tnumber = {12},\n\turldate = {2016-11-30},\n\tjournal = {Holzforschung},\n\tauthor = {Xiao, Z. and Xu, J. and Mai, C. and Militz, H. and Wang, Q. and Xie, Y.},\n\tmonth = jan,\n\tyear = {2016},\n\tfile = {Xiao (2016) Combustion behavior of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) sapwood treated with a dispersion of aluminum oxychloride-modified silica.pdf:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\X9XWUHZ3\\\\Xiao (2016) Combustion behavior of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) sapwood treated with a dispersion of aluminum oxychloride-modified silica.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Untersuchungen zur Schnittholzausbeute von Ahorn- und Eschenlangholzabschnitten zur Bereitstellung von Rohlamellen für die Produktion von Brettschichtholz.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Emmerich, L.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Technical Report Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Fakultät für Forstwissenschaften und Waldökologie, Abteilung Holzbiologie und Holzprodukte, Göttingen, 2016.\n Prüfer: Prof. Dr. Holger Militz Betreuung: Dr. Susanne Bollmus M.Sc. Philipp Schlotzhauer\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
\n 
@techreport{emmerich_untersuchungen_2016,\n\taddress = {Göttingen},\n\ttype = {Projektarbeit},\n\ttitle = {Untersuchungen zur {Schnittholzausbeute} von {Ahorn}- und {Eschenlangholzabschnitten} zur {Bereitstellung} von {Rohlamellen} für die {Produktion} von {Brettschichtholz}},\n\tlanguage = {de},\n\tinstitution = {Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Fakultät für Forstwissenschaften und Waldökologie, Abteilung Holzbiologie und Holzprodukte},\n\tauthor = {Emmerich, Lukas},\n\tyear = {2016},\n\tnote = {Prüfer: Prof. Dr. Holger Militz\nBetreuung: Dr. Susanne Bollmus\n                   M.Sc. Philipp Schlotzhauer},\n\tfile = {Emmerich - 2016 - Untersuchungen zur Schnittholzausbeute von Ahorn- .pdf:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\K2ZN89NW\\\\Emmerich - 2016 - Untersuchungen zur Schnittholzausbeute von Ahorn- .pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Fire Behaviour of Furfurylated Wood and Applicability of Phosphate-Based Fire Retardant on Furfurylation.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Kim, I.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Technical Report Georg-August University Goettingen, Göttingen, Germany, 2016.\n 1. Examiner: Prof. Dr. Holger Militz 2. Examiner: Dr. Susanne Bollmus\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@techreport{kim_fire_2016,\n\taddress = {Göttingen, Germany},\n\ttype = {Master thesis},\n\ttitle = {Fire {Behaviour} of {Furfurylated} {Wood} and {Applicability} of {Phosphate}-{Based} {Fire} {Retardant} on {Furfurylation}},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tinstitution = {Georg-August University Goettingen},\n\tauthor = {Kim, Injeong},\n\tyear = {2016},\n\tnote = {1. Examiner: Prof. Dr. Holger Militz\n2. Examiner: Dr. Susanne Bollmus},\n\tfile = {Kim - 2016 - Fire Behaviour of Furfurylated Wood and Applicabil.pdf:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\CCD3H3AL\\\\Kim - 2016 - Fire Behaviour of Furfurylated Wood and Applicabil.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Spezifische Sortierung von Prüfkörpern aus Buchen- und Kiefernsplintholz nach Kriterien zur Prüfung von elasto-mechanischen Eigenschaften - Specific sorting of beech and pine sapwood according to the criteria for testing the elasto-mechanical characteristics.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Stolze, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Technical Report Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Fakultät für Forstwissenschaften und Waldökologie, Abteilung Holzbiologie und Holzprodukte, Göttingen, 2016.\n 1. Prüfer: Dr. Antje Gellerich 2. Prüfer: Prof. Dr. Holger Militz\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@techreport{stolze_spezifische_2016,\n\taddress = {Göttingen},\n\ttype = {Bachelorarbeit},\n\ttitle = {Spezifische {Sortierung} von {Prüfkörpern} aus {Buchen}- und {Kiefernsplintholz} nach {Kriterien} zur {Prüfung} von elasto-mechanischen {Eigenschaften} - {Specific} sorting of beech and pine sapwood according to the criteria for testing the elasto-mechanical characteristics},\n\tlanguage = {deutsch},\n\tinstitution = {Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Fakultät für Forstwissenschaften und Waldökologie, Abteilung Holzbiologie und Holzprodukte},\n\tauthor = {Stolze, Hannes},\n\tyear = {2016},\n\tnote = {1. Prüfer: Dr. Antje Gellerich\n2. Prüfer: Prof. Dr. Holger Militz},\n\tfile = {Stolze - 2016 - Spezifische Sortierung von Prüfkörpern aus Buchen-.pdf:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\NVI2FNTI\\\\Stolze - 2016 - Spezifische Sortierung von Prüfkörpern aus Buchen-.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Natürliche Dauerhaftigkeit ausgesuchter und potentiell geeigneter Holzarten für die LVL-Produktion - Natural durability of selected and potentially suitable wood species for LVL production.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Altmieks, G.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Technical Report Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Fakultät Forstwissenschaften und Waldökologie, Göttingen, 2016.\n Erstprüfer:: Prof. Dr. H. Militz Zweitprüfer: Dr. A. Gellerich\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@techreport{altmieks_naturliche_2016,\n\taddress = {Göttingen},\n\ttype = {Bachelorarbeit},\n\ttitle = {Natürliche {Dauerhaftigkeit} ausgesuchter und potentiell geeigneter {Holzarten} für die {LVL}-{Produktion} - {Natural} durability of selected and potentially suitable wood species for {LVL} production},\n\tlanguage = {de},\n\tinstitution = {Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Fakultät Forstwissenschaften und Waldökologie},\n\tauthor = {Altmieks, Gina},\n\tyear = {2016},\n\tnote = {Erstprüfer:: Prof. Dr. H. Militz\nZweitprüfer: Dr. A. Gellerich},\n\tfile = {Altmieks - 2016 - Natürliche Dauerhaftigkeit ausgesuchter und potent.pdf:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\F5RMTPS7\\\\Altmieks - 2016 - Natürliche Dauerhaftigkeit ausgesuchter und potent.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n  \n 2015\n \n \n (14)\n \n \n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Effect of Temperature and Steam Pressure During the Thermal Modification Process.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Altgen, M.; and Militz, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In Hughes, M.; Rautkari, L.; Uimonen, T.; Militz, H.; and Junge, B., editor(s), Proceedings of the Eighth European Conference on Wood Modification, pages 226–233, Helsinki, Finland, October 2015. \n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@inproceedings{altgen_effect_2015,\n\taddress = {Helsinki, Finland},\n\ttitle = {Effect of {Temperature} and {Steam} {Pressure} {During} the {Thermal} {Modification} {Process}},\n\tbooktitle = {Proceedings of the {Eighth} {European} {Conference} on {Wood} {Modification}},\n\tauthor = {Altgen, M. and Militz, H.},\n\teditor = {Hughes, M. and Rautkari, L. and Uimonen, T. and Militz, H. and Junge, B.},\n\tmonth = oct,\n\tyear = {2015},\n\tpages = {226--233},\n\tfile = {Proceedings_of_ECWM8.pdf:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\GGS3KDZG\\\\Proceedings_of_ECWM8.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Improved DMDHEU uptake of beech veneers after plasma treatment at atmospheric pressure.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Wascher, R.; Leike, N.; Avramidis, G.; Wolkenhauer, A.; Militz, H.; and Viöl, W.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n European Journal of Wood and Wood Products, 73(4): 433–437. July 2015.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n \"ImprovedPaper\n  \n \n\n \n \n doi\n  \n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@article{wascher_improved_2015,\n\ttitle = {Improved {DMDHEU} uptake of beech veneers after plasma treatment at atmospheric pressure},\n\tvolume = {73},\n\tissn = {0018-3768, 1436-736X},\n\turl = {http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s00107-015-0916-y},\n\tdoi = {10.1007/s00107-015-0916-y},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {4},\n\turldate = {2018-10-08},\n\tjournal = {European Journal of Wood and Wood Products},\n\tauthor = {Wascher, R. and Leike, N. and Avramidis, G. and Wolkenhauer, A. and Militz, H. and Viöl, W.},\n\tmonth = jul,\n\tyear = {2015},\n\tpages = {433--437},\n\tfile = {Wascher et al. - 2015 - Improved DMDHEU uptake of beech veneers after plas.pdf:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\SV9MQ2G7\\\\Wascher et al. - 2015 - Improved DMDHEU uptake of beech veneers after plas.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n One-stage thermo-hydro treatment (THT) of hardwoods: an analysis of form stability after five soaking-drying cycles.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Biziks, V.; Andersons, B.; Sansonetti, E.; Andersone, I.; Militz, H.; and Grinins, J.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Holzforschung, 69(5): 563–571. 2015.\n \n\n\n\n
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@article{biziks_one-stage_2015,\n\ttitle = {One-stage thermo-hydro treatment ({THT}) of hardwoods: an analysis of form stability after five soaking-drying cycles},\n\tvolume = {69},\n\tissn = {1437-434X},\n\tnumber = {5},\n\tjournal = {Holzforschung},\n\tauthor = {Biziks, V. and Andersons, B. and Sansonetti, E. and Andersone, I. and Militz, H. and Grinins, J.},\n\tyear = {2015},\n\tpages = {563--571},\n\tfile = {Biziks et al. - 2015 - One-stage thermo-hydro treatment (THT) of hardwood.pdf:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\GMWUCJ2F\\\\Biziks et al. - 2015 - One-stage thermo-hydro treatment (THT) of hardwood.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Water uptake and wetting behaviour of furfurylated, N-methylol melamine modified and heat-treated wood.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Bastani, A.; Adamopoulos, S.; and Militz, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n European Journal of Wood and Wood Products, 73(5): 627–634. 2015.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n \"WaterPaper\n  \n \n\n \n \n doi\n  \n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@article{bastani_water_2015,\n\ttitle = {Water uptake and wetting behaviour of furfurylated, {N}-methylol melamine modified and heat-treated wood},\n\tvolume = {73},\n\tissn = {0018-3768, 1436-736X},\n\turl = {http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s00107-015-0919-8},\n\tdoi = {10.1007/s00107-015-0919-8},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {5},\n\turldate = {2017-01-18},\n\tjournal = {European Journal of Wood and Wood Products},\n\tauthor = {Bastani, A. and Adamopoulos, S. and Militz, H.},\n\tyear = {2015},\n\tpages = {627--634},\n\tfile = {Bastani (2015) Water uptake and wetting behaviour of furfurylated, N-methylol melamine modified and heat-treated wood.pdf:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\BQH5Q73B\\\\Bastani (2015) Water uptake and wetting behaviour of furfurylated, N-methylol melamine modified and heat-treated wood.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Gross adhesive penetration in furfurylated, N-methylol melamine-modified and heat-treated wood examined by fluorescence microscopy.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Bastani, A.; Adamopoulos, S.; and Militz, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n European Journal of Wood and Wood Products, 73(5): 635–642. 2015.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n \"GrossPaper\n  \n \n\n \n \n doi\n  \n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@article{bastani_gross_2015,\n\ttitle = {Gross adhesive penetration in furfurylated, {N}-methylol melamine-modified and heat-treated wood examined by fluorescence microscopy},\n\tvolume = {73},\n\tissn = {0018-3768, 1436-736X},\n\turl = {http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s00107-015-0920-2},\n\tdoi = {10.1007/s00107-015-0920-2},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {5},\n\turldate = {2017-01-18},\n\tjournal = {European Journal of Wood and Wood Products},\n\tauthor = {Bastani, A. and Adamopoulos, S. and Militz, H.},\n\tyear = {2015},\n\tpages = {635--642},\n\tfile = {Bastani (2016) Shear strength of furfurylated, N-methylol melamine and thermally modified wood bonded with three conventional adhesives.pdf:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\Q8WM75ZS\\\\Bastani (2016) Shear strength of furfurylated, N-methylol melamine and thermally modified wood bonded with three conventional adhesives.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Resistance of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) modified with short-and long-chain siloxanes to subterranean termites (Reticulitermes flavipes).\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Gascón-Garrido, P.; Thévenon, M. F.; Militz, H.; and Mai, C.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Wood Science and Technology, 49(1): 177–187. 2015.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@article{gascon-garrido_resistance_2015,\n\ttitle = {Resistance of {Scots} pine ({Pinus} sylvestris {L}.) modified with short-and long-chain siloxanes to subterranean termites ({Reticulitermes} flavipes)},\n\tvolume = {49},\n\tissn = {0043-7719},\n\tshorttitle = {Resistance of {Scots} pine ({Pinus} sylvestris {L}.) modified with short-and long-chain siloxanes to subterranean termites ({Reticulitermes} flavipes)},\n\tnumber = {1},\n\tjournal = {Wood Science and Technology},\n\tauthor = {Gascón-Garrido, P. and Thévenon, M. F. and Militz, H. and Mai, C.},\n\tyear = {2015},\n\tpages = {177--187},\n\tfile = {art%3A10.1007%2Fs00226-014-0688-2:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\R8PRQUAV\\\\art%3A10.1007%2Fs00226-014-0688-2.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Effect of Phenol-Formaldehyde (PF) Resins Oligomer Size to the Dimensional Stability of Treated Beech Wood.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Biziks, V.; S. Bicke; and H. Militz\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In pages 357–361, 2015. \n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@inproceedings{biziks_effect_2015,\n\ttitle = {Effect of {Phenol}-{Formaldehyde} ({PF}) {Resins} {Oligomer} {Size} to the {Dimensional} {Stability} of {Treated} {Beech} {Wood}},\n\tauthor = {Biziks, V. and {S. Bicke} and {H. Militz}},\n\tyear = {2015},\n\tpages = {357--361},\n\tfile = {Proceedings_of_ECWM8.pdf:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\62S347X8\\\\Proceedings_of_ECWM8.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Weathering Stability of PF-treated Veneer Products from Beech Wood.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Bicke, S; and H Militz\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In pages 273–280, 2015. \n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@inproceedings{bicke_weathering_2015,\n\ttitle = {Weathering {Stability} of {PF}-treated {Veneer} {Products} from {Beech} {Wood}},\n\tauthor = {Bicke, S and {H Militz}},\n\tyear = {2015},\n\tpages = {273--280},\n\tfile = {Proceedings_of_ECWM8.pdf:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\DBTSNPJD\\\\Proceedings_of_ECWM8.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n WEATHERING STABILITY OF PF-TREATED VENEER PRODUCTS FROM BEECH WOOD.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Bicke, S.; and Militz, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n InWood2015: Innovations in Wood Materials and Processes,103. 2015.\n \n\n\n\n
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@article{bicke_weathering_2015-1,\n\ttitle = {{WEATHERING} {STABILITY} {OF} {PF}-{TREATED} {VENEER} {PRODUCTS} {FROM} {BEECH} {WOOD}},\n\tjournal = {InWood2015: Innovations in Wood Materials and Processes},\n\tauthor = {Bicke, Sascha and Militz, Holger},\n\tyear = {2015},\n\tpages = {103},\n\tfile = {inwood2015_proceedings.pdf:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\S4X86558\\\\inwood2015_proceedings.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Assessment of wood microstructural changes after one-stage thermo-hydro treatment (THT) by micro X-ray computed tomography.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Biziks, V.; Van den Bulcke, J.; Grinins, J.; Militz, H.; Andersons, B.; Andersone, I.; Dhaene, J.; and Van Acker, J.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Holzforschung, 70(2). 2015.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n \"AssessmentPaper\n  \n \n\n \n \n doi\n  \n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@article{biziks_assessment_2015,\n\ttitle = {Assessment of wood microstructural changes after one-stage thermo-hydro treatment ({THT}) by micro {X}-ray computed tomography},\n\tvolume = {70},\n\tissn = {1437-434X, 0018-3830},\n\turl = {http://www.degruyter.com/view/j/hfsg.2016.70.issue-2/hf-2014-0337/hf-2014-0337.xml},\n\tdoi = {10.1515/hf-2014-0337},\n\tnumber = {2},\n\turldate = {2016-12-02},\n\tjournal = {Holzforschung},\n\tauthor = {Biziks, Vladimirs and Van den Bulcke, Jan and Grinins, Juris and Militz, Holger and Andersons, Bruno and Andersone, Ingeborga and Dhaene, Jelle and Van Acker, Joris},\n\tyear = {2015},\n\tfile = {Biziks (2015) Assessment of wood microstructural changes after one-stage thermo-hydro treatment (THT) by micro X-ray computed tomography.pdf:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\RVRQVBUW\\\\Biziks (2015) Assessment of wood microstructural changes after one-stage thermo-hydro treatment (THT) by micro X-ray computed tomography.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Chemical improvement of surfaces. Part 3: Covalent modification of Scots pine sapwood with substituted benzoates providing resistance to Aureobasidium pullulans staining fungi.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Namyslo, J. C.; Kaufmann, D. E.; Mai, C.; and Militz, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Holzforschung, 69(5). January 2015.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n \"ChemicalPaper\n  \n \n\n \n \n doi\n  \n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@article{namyslo_chemical_2015,\n\ttitle = {Chemical improvement of surfaces. {Part} 3: {Covalent} modification of {Scots} pine sapwood with substituted benzoates providing resistance to {Aureobasidium} pullulans staining fungi},\n\tvolume = {69},\n\tissn = {1437-434X, 0018-3830},\n\tshorttitle = {Chemical improvement of surfaces. {Part} 3},\n\turl = {https://www.degruyter.com/view/j/hfsg.2015.69.issue-5/hf-2014-0086/hf-2014-0086.xml},\n\tdoi = {10.1515/hf-2014-0086},\n\tnumber = {5},\n\turldate = {2018-10-05},\n\tjournal = {Holzforschung},\n\tauthor = {Namyslo, J. C. and Kaufmann, D. E. and Mai, C. and Militz, H.},\n\tmonth = jan,\n\tyear = {2015},\n\tfile = {Namyslo et al. - 2015 - Chemical improvement of surfaces. Part 3 Covalent.pdf:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\9GU7M7FT\\\\Namyslo et al. - 2015 - Chemical improvement of surfaces. Part 3 Covalent.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Resistance of modified wood to marine borers.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Klüppel, A.; Cragg, S.; Militz, H.; and Mai, C.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation, 104: 8–14. October 2015.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n \"ResistancePaper\n  \n \n\n \n \n doi\n  \n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@article{kluppel_resistance_2015,\n\ttitle = {Resistance of modified wood to marine borers},\n\tvolume = {104},\n\tissn = {09648305},\n\turl = {http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0964830515300081},\n\tdoi = {10.1016/j.ibiod.2015.05.013},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\turldate = {2018-02-19},\n\tjournal = {International Biodeterioration \\& Biodegradation},\n\tauthor = {Klüppel, A. and Cragg, S. and Militz, H. and Mai, C.},\n\tmonth = oct,\n\tyear = {2015},\n\tpages = {8--14},\n\tfile = {Klüppel (2015) Resistance of modified wood to marine borers.pdf:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\42MCT44I\\\\Klüppel (2015) Resistance of modified wood to marine borers.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Effect of Wood Modification on Water Related Properties and Penetration of adhesives into Scots Pine and Beech.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Bastani, A.; Militz, H.; Adamopoulos, S.; Hughes, M.; Rautkari, L.; Uimonen, T.; Militz, H.; and Junge, B.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In Proceedings of the Eighth European Conference on Wood Modification, pages 367–371, Helsinki, Finland, October 2015. \n \n\n\n\n
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@inproceedings{bastani_effect_2015,\n\taddress = {Helsinki, Finland},\n\ttitle = {Effect of {Wood} {Modification} on {Water} {Related} {Properties} and {Penetration} of adhesives into {Scots} {Pine} and {Beech}},\n\tbooktitle = {Proceedings of the {Eighth} {European} {Conference} on {Wood} {Modification}},\n\tauthor = {Bastani, A. and Militz, H. and Adamopoulos, S. and Hughes, M. and Rautkari, L. and Uimonen, T. and Militz, H. and Junge, B.},\n\tmonth = oct,\n\tyear = {2015},\n\tpages = {367--371},\n\tfile = {Proceedings_of_ECWM8.pdf:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\8XSBZ4ER\\\\Proceedings_of_ECWM8.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Impact of Air-Plasma Treatment at Atmospheric Pressure on Wood and Wood Extractives.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Avramidis, G.; Wascher, R.; Militz, H.; and Viöl, W.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In Hughes, M.; Rautkari, L.; Uimonen, T.; Militz, H.; and Junge, B., editor(s), Proceedings of the Eighth European Conference on Wood Modification, pages 200–206, Helsinki, Finland, October 2015. \n \n\n\n\n
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@inproceedings{avramidis_impact_2015,\n\taddress = {Helsinki, Finland},\n\ttitle = {Impact of {Air}-{Plasma} {Treatment} at {Atmospheric} {Pressure} on {Wood} and {Wood} {Extractives}},\n\tbooktitle = {Proceedings of the {Eighth} {European} {Conference} on {Wood} {Modification}},\n\tauthor = {Avramidis, G. and Wascher, R. and Militz, H. and Viöl, W.},\n\teditor = {Hughes, M. and Rautkari, L. and Uimonen, T. and Militz, H. and Junge, B.},\n\tmonth = oct,\n\tyear = {2015},\n\tpages = {200--206},\n\tfile = {Proceedings_of_ECWM8.pdf:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\J4AM9HAR\\\\Proceedings_of_ECWM8.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n  \n 2014\n \n \n (29)\n \n \n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Combustion behavior of oak wood (Quercus mongolica L.) modified by 1, 3-dimethylol-4, 5-dihydroxyethyleneurea (DMDHEU).\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Xie, Y.; Liu, N.; Wang, Q.; Xiao, Z.; Wang, F.; Zhang, Y.; and Militz, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Holzforschung, 68(8): 881–887. 2014.\n \n\n\n\n
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@article{xie_combustion_2014,\n\ttitle = {Combustion behavior of oak wood ({Quercus} mongolica {L}.) modified by 1, 3-dimethylol-4, 5-dihydroxyethyleneurea ({DMDHEU})},\n\tvolume = {68},\n\tissn = {1437-434X},\n\tshorttitle = {Combustion behavior of oak wood ({Quercus} mongolica {L}.) modified by 1, 3-dimethylol-4, 5-dihydroxyethyleneurea ({DMDHEU})},\n\tnumber = {8},\n\tjournal = {Holzforschung},\n\tauthor = {Xie, Y. and Liu, N. and Wang, Q. and Xiao, Z. and Wang, F. and Zhang, Y. and Militz, H.},\n\tyear = {2014},\n\tpages = {881--887},\n\tfile = {hf-2013-0224:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\FQKZ9ATI\\\\hf-2013-0224.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Comparison of EMC and durability of heat treated wood from high versus low water vapour pressure reactor systems.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Willems, W.; Altgen, M.; and Militz, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n International Wood Products Journal, 6(1): 21–26. 2014.\n \n\n\n\n
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@article{willems_comparison_2014,\n\ttitle = {Comparison of {EMC} and durability of heat treated wood from high versus low water vapour pressure reactor systems},\n\tvolume = {6},\n\tshorttitle = {Comparison of {EMC} and durability of heat treated wood from high versus low water vapour pressure reactor systems},\n\tnumber = {1},\n\tjournal = {International Wood Products Journal},\n\tauthor = {Willems, W. and Altgen, M. and Militz, H.},\n\tyear = {2014},\n\tpages = {21--26},\n\tfile = {Willems et al. - 2014 - Comparison of EMC and durability of heat treated w.pdf:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\SVFDQY4V\\\\Willems et al. - 2014 - Comparison of EMC and durability of heat treated w.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Decay resistance of ash, beech and maple wood modified with N-methylol melamine and a metal complex dye.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Kielmann, B. C.; Adamopoulos, S.; Militz, H.; and Mai, C.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation, 89: 110–114. 2014.\n \n\n\n\n
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@article{kielmann_decay_2014,\n\ttitle = {Decay resistance of ash, beech and maple wood modified with {N}-methylol melamine and a metal complex dye},\n\tvolume = {89},\n\tissn = {0964-8305},\n\tshorttitle = {Decay resistance of ash, beech and maple wood modified with {N}-methylol melamine and a metal complex dye},\n\tjournal = {International Biodeterioration \\& Biodegradation},\n\tauthor = {Kielmann, B. C. and Adamopoulos, S. and Militz, H. and Mai, C.},\n\tyear = {2014},\n\tpages = {110--114},\n\tfile = {2014_Kielmann_et_al:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\9B2HCQRW\\\\2014_Kielmann_et_al.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Improvement of surface properties of wood-polymer composites (WPC) by atmospheric pressure plasma treatment for coating adhesion.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Hünnekens, B.; Krause, A.; Avramidis, G.; Militz, H.; and Viöl, W.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In Nunes, L.; Jones, D.; Hill, C. A. S.; and Militz, H., editor(s), March 2014. \n \n\n\n\n
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@inproceedings{nunes_improvement_2014,\n\ttitle = {Improvement of surface properties of wood-polymer composites ({WPC}) by atmospheric pressure plasma treatment for coating adhesion},\n\tshorttitle = {Improvement of surface properties of wood-polymer composites ({WPC}) by atmospheric pressure plasma treatment for coating adhesion},\n\tauthor = {Hünnekens, B. and Krause, A. and Avramidis, G. and Militz, H. and Viöl, W.},\n\teditor = {Nunes, L. and Jones, D. and Hill, C. A. S. and Militz, H.},\n\tmonth = mar,\n\tyear = {2014},\n\tfile = {7_6_p184_poster_huennekensetal:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\5PEHZ8K9\\\\7_6_p184_poster_huennekensetal.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n The Seventh European Conference on Wood Modification: Book of Abstracts.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Nunes, L.; Jones, D.; Hill, C.; and Militz, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In Nunes, L.; Jones, D.; Hill, C. A. S.; and Militz, H., editor(s), March 2014. \n \n\n\n\n
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@inproceedings{nunes_seventh_2014,\n\ttitle = {The {Seventh} {European} {Conference} on {Wood} {Modification}: {Book} of {Abstracts}},\n\tshorttitle = {The {Seventh} {European} {Conference} on {Wood} {Modification}: {Book} of {Abstracts}},\n\tauthor = {Nunes, L. and Jones, D. and Hill, C. and Militz, H.},\n\teditor = {Nunes, L. and Jones, D. and Hill, C. A. S. and Militz, H.},\n\tmonth = mar,\n\tyear = {2014},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Deutsche Holzschutztagung.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Marutzky, R.; and Militz, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In pages 1–202, 2014. \n \n\n\n\n
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@inproceedings{marutzky_deutsche_2014,\n\ttitle = {Deutsche {Holzschutztagung}},\n\tshorttitle = {Deutsche {Holzschutztagung}},\n\tauthor = {Marutzky, R. and Militz, H.},\n\tyear = {2014},\n\tpages = {1--202},\n\tfile = {Deutsche Holzschutztagung 2014:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\UJX4P5J5\\\\Deutsche Holzschutztagung 2014.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Accoya® wood flooring and decking in extreme environments.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Lankveld, C.; Alexander, J.; Tangen, A.; Olson, T.; and Bongers, F.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In Nunes, L.; Jones, D.; Hill, C. A. S.; and Militz, H., editor(s), March 2014. \n \n\n\n\n
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@inproceedings{nunes_accoya_2014,\n\ttitle = {Accoya® wood flooring and decking in extreme environments},\n\tshorttitle = {Accoya® wood flooring and decking in extreme environments},\n\tauthor = {Lankveld, C. and Alexander, J. and Tangen, A. and Olson, T. and Bongers, F.},\n\teditor = {Nunes, L. and Jones, D. and Hill, C. A. S. and Militz, H.},\n\tmonth = mar,\n\tyear = {2014},\n\tfile = {1_2_p206_oral_lankveldetal:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\8USS9NSZ\\\\1_2_p206_oral_lankveldetal.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Modification of three hardwoods with an N-methylol melamine compound and a metal-complex dye.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Kielmann, B. C.; Adamopoulos, S.; Militz, H.; Koch, G.; and Mai, C.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Wood science and technology, 48(1): 123–136. 2014.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n \"ModificationPaper\n  \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@article{kielmann_modification_2014,\n\ttitle = {Modification of three hardwoods with an {N}-methylol melamine compound and a metal-complex dye},\n\tvolume = {48},\n\tissn = {0043-7719},\n\tshorttitle = {Modification of three hardwoods with an {N}-methylol melamine compound and a metal-complex dye},\n\turl = {http://sfx.gbv.de:9004/sfx_sub/?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&url_ctx_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Actx&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.atitle=Modification%20of%20three%20hardwoods%20with%20an%20N-methylol%20melamine%20compound%20and%20a%20metal-complex%20dye&rft.aufirst=Bodo%20Caspar&rft.aulast=Kielmann&rft.date=2014&rft.eissn=1432-5225&rft.epage=136&rft.genre=article&rft.issn=0043-7719&rft.issue=1&rft.jtitle=WOOD%20SCIENCE%20AND%20TECHNOLOGY&rft.pages=123-136&rft.spage=123&rft.stitle=WOOD%20SCI%20TECHNOL&rft.volume=48&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fwww.isinet.com%3AWoK%3AUA&rft.au=Adamopoulos%2C%20Stergios&rft.au=Militz%2C%20Holger&rft.au=Koch%2C%20Gerald&rft.au=Mai%2C%20Carsten&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2Fs00226-013-0595-y},\n\tnumber = {1},\n\tjournal = {Wood science and technology},\n\tauthor = {Kielmann, B. C. and Adamopoulos, S. and Militz, H. and Koch, G. and Mai, C.},\n\tyear = {2014},\n\tpages = {123--136},\n\tfile = {art%3A10.1007%2Fs00226-013-0595-y:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\CRIRZ6EM\\\\art%3A10.1007%2Fs00226-013-0595-y.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Wood surface protection by wood modification systems and their resistance to mould and blue stain fungi.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Gobakken, L. R.; Gellerich, A.; Høibø, O.; and Militz, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In Nunes, L.; Jones, D.; Hill, C. A. S.; and Militz, H., editor(s), March 2014. \n \n\n\n\n
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@inproceedings{nunes_wood_2014,\n\ttitle = {Wood surface protection by wood modification systems and their resistance to mould and blue stain fungi},\n\tshorttitle = {Wood surface protection by wood modification systems and their resistance to mould and blue stain fungi},\n\tauthor = {Gobakken, L. R. and Gellerich, A. and Høibø, O. and Militz, H.},\n\teditor = {Nunes, L. and Jones, D. and Hill, C. A. S. and Militz, H.},\n\tmonth = mar,\n\tyear = {2014},\n\tfile = {2A5_p148_oral_gobakkenetal:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\BJI2RADW\\\\2A5_p148_oral_gobakkenetal.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Modification of beech veneers with low molecular weight phenol formaldehyde for the production of plywood: Comparison of the submersion and vacuum impregnation.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Bicke, S.; and Militz, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In Nunes, L.; Jones, D.; Hill, C. A. S.; and Militz, H., editor(s), March 2014. \n \n\n\n\n
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@inproceedings{nunes_modification_2014,\n\ttitle = {Modification of beech veneers with low molecular weight phenol formaldehyde for the production of plywood: {Comparison} of the submersion and vacuum impregnation},\n\tshorttitle = {Modification of beech veneers with low molecular weight phenol formaldehyde for the production of plywood: {Comparison} of the submersion and vacuum impregnation},\n\tauthor = {Bicke, S. and Militz, H.},\n\teditor = {Nunes, L. and Jones, D. and Hill, C. A. S. and Militz, H.},\n\tmonth = mar,\n\tyear = {2014},\n\tfile = {6B5_p174_oral_bicke_militz:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\25SWCDM9\\\\6B5_p174_oral_bicke_militz.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Investigation on bonding properties of modified birch veneers using ABES machine.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Bastani, A.; Militz, H.; and Rohumaa, A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In Kutnar, A.; Humar, M.; Burnard, M.; Zlahtic, M.; and Jones, D., editor(s), pages 63–64, 2014. \n \n\n\n\n
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@inproceedings{kutnar_investigation_2014,\n\ttitle = {Investigation on bonding properties of modified birch veneers using {ABES} machine},\n\tshorttitle = {Investigation on bonding properties of modified birch veneers using {ABES} machine},\n\tauthor = {Bastani, A. and Militz, H. and Rohumaa, A.},\n\teditor = {Kutnar, A. and Humar, M. and Burnard, M. and Zlahtic, M. and Jones, D.},\n\tyear = {2014},\n\tpages = {63--64},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Performance of water-borne coating systems on thermally modified wood.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Altgen, M.; Ala-Viikari, J.; Hukka, A.; Tetri, T.; and Militz, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In Nunes, L.; Jones, D.; Hill, C. A. S.; and Militz, H., editor(s), pages 1–8, March 2014. \n \n\n\n\n
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@inproceedings{nunes_performance_2014,\n\ttitle = {Performance of water-borne coating systems on thermally modified wood},\n\tshorttitle = {Performance of water-borne coating systems on thermally modified wood},\n\tauthor = {Altgen, M. and Ala-Viikari, J. and Hukka, A. and Tetri, T. and Militz, H.},\n\teditor = {Nunes, L. and Jones, D. and Hill, C. A. S. and Militz, H.},\n\tmonth = mar,\n\tyear = {2014},\n\tpages = {1--8},\n\tfile = {2A2_p125_oral_altgenetal:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\Q3V4FH3F\\\\2A2_p125_oral_altgenetal.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Structural design with Accoya® wood - update.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Bongers, F.; Alexander, J.; and Marcroft, J.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In Nunes, L.; Jones, D.; Hill, C. A. S.; and Militz, H., editor(s), March 2014. \n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@inproceedings{nunes_structural_2014,\n\ttitle = {Structural design with {Accoya}® wood - update},\n\tshorttitle = {Structural design with {Accoya}® wood - update},\n\tauthor = {Bongers, F. and Alexander, J. and Marcroft, J.},\n\teditor = {Nunes, L. and Jones, D. and Hill, C. A. S. and Militz, H.},\n\tmonth = mar,\n\tyear = {2014},\n\tfile = {4_6_p195_oral_bongersetal:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\D3UN8KRT\\\\4_6_p195_oral_bongersetal.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Determining the N-Fixation - a reliable method to verify the curing quality of wood modification with melamine resin?.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Behr, G.; Gellerich, A.; Bollmus, S.; and Militz, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In Nunes, L.; Jones, D.; Hill, C. A. S.; and Militz, H., editor(s), March 2014. \n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@inproceedings{nunes_determining_2014,\n\ttitle = {Determining the {N}-{Fixation} - a reliable method to verify the curing quality of wood modification with melamine resin?},\n\tshorttitle = {Determining the {N}-{Fixation} - a reliable method to verify the curing quality of wood modification with melamine resin?},\n\tauthor = {Behr, G. and Gellerich, A. and Bollmus, S. and Militz, H.},\n\teditor = {Nunes, L. and Jones, D. and Hill, C. A. S. and Militz, H.},\n\tmonth = mar,\n\tyear = {2014},\n\tfile = {7_28_p211_poster-behretal:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\KHENBEE9\\\\7_28_p211_poster-behretal.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n The use of lap-joints in natural durability testing: moisture content development during 36 months outside exposure trials.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Militz, H.; and Bloom, C. J.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In pages 15, May 2014. IRG Secretary Stockholm, Sweden\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n \"ThePaper\n  \n \n\n \n \n doi\n  \n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n  \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@inproceedings{militz_use_2014,\n\ttitle = {The use of lap-joints in natural durability testing: moisture content development during 36 months outside exposure trials},\n\turl = {2000\\IRG 00-20217.pdf  Section},\n\tdoi = {IRG/WP 00-20217},\n\tabstract = {Lap-joint trials (following European Standard ENV 12037) were set up with 11 different softwood and hardwood species. The main aim was to evaluate the suitability of this test standard (developed for testing wood preservative effectiveness) for natural durability testing. The moisture development has been followed during a 36 months period. In this paper, the outcomes of different moisture contents evaluations are presented. Completely painted samples without a lap-joint have the lowest moisture content with an increasing maximum in moisture content in the winter period over the years, however for most timber species (but pine sapwood) still staying around 20\\%. The painted lap-joint samples have the highest moisture content with long periods above 30\\%-50\\% for most species. The moisture content of the lap-joints is predominantly influenced by the wood species. By applying a coating to the lap-joints, all species stay wet for longer periods (more than a year). For lap-joint trials without any coating, most of the (hardwood) species stay relatively dry for longer periods, not allowing any fungal decay. In general it can be concluded, that a lap-joint approach can contribute to natural durability testing, however the course of decay under mid-European climate is very slow for an accelerated method.},\n\tpublisher = {IRG Secretary Stockholm, Sweden},\n\tauthor = {Militz, H. and Bloom, C. J.},\n\tmonth = may,\n\tyear = {2014},\n\tkeywords = {moisture content, Lap-joint, NATURAL DURABILITY},\n\tpages = {15},\n\tannote = {The NetherlandsNo notes avaliable},\n\tfile = {IRG 00-20217:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\3NF5S8XS\\\\IRG 00-20217.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n Lap-joint trials (following European Standard ENV 12037) were set up with 11 different softwood and hardwood species. The main aim was to evaluate the suitability of this test standard (developed for testing wood preservative effectiveness) for natural durability testing. The moisture development has been followed during a 36 months period. In this paper, the outcomes of different moisture contents evaluations are presented. Completely painted samples without a lap-joint have the lowest moisture content with an increasing maximum in moisture content in the winter period over the years, however for most timber species (but pine sapwood) still staying around 20%. The painted lap-joint samples have the highest moisture content with long periods above 30%-50% for most species. The moisture content of the lap-joints is predominantly influenced by the wood species. By applying a coating to the lap-joints, all species stay wet for longer periods (more than a year). For lap-joint trials without any coating, most of the (hardwood) species stay relatively dry for longer periods, not allowing any fungal decay. In general it can be concluded, that a lap-joint approach can contribute to natural durability testing, however the course of decay under mid-European climate is very slow for an accelerated method.\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Reinforcement of modified wood beams at 1:15 scale.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Moreira, L.; Lopes, D.; Mai, C.; and Militz, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In Nunes, L.; Jones, D.; Hill, C. A. S.; and Militz, H., editor(s), March 2014. \n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
\n 
@inproceedings{nunes_reinforcement_2014,\n\ttitle = {Reinforcement of modified wood beams at 1:15 scale},\n\tshorttitle = {Reinforcement of modified wood beams at 1:15 scale},\n\tauthor = {Moreira, L. and Lopes, D. and Mai, C. and Militz, H.},\n\teditor = {Nunes, L. and Jones, D. and Hill, C. A. S. and Militz, H.},\n\tmonth = mar,\n\tyear = {2014},\n\tfile = {7_24_p128_poster_barrosoetal:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\BXECCZMT\\\\7_24_p128_poster_barrosoetal.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Evaluation of fungal infestation, decay and evaluation methods in a simulated use class 3 situation (block test) after some years of exposure.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Militz, H.; and Gellerich, A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n . 2014.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
\n 
@article{militz_evaluation_2014,\n\ttitle = {Evaluation of fungal infestation, decay and evaluation methods in a simulated use class 3 situation (block test) after some years of exposure},\n\tshorttitle = {Evaluation of fungal infestation, decay and evaluation methods in a simulated use class 3 situation (block test) after some years of exposure},\n\tauthor = {Militz, H. and Gellerich, A.},\n\tyear = {2014},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n UV-microspectrophotometry: A method to prove wood-modification with MMF?.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Mahnert, K. C.; Adamopoulos, S.; Koch, G.; and Militz, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In Nunes, L.; Jones, D.; Hill, C. A. S.; and Militz, H., editor(s), March 2014. \n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
\n 
@inproceedings{nunes_uv-microspectrophotometry:_2014,\n\ttitle = {{UV}-microspectrophotometry: {A} method to prove wood-modification with {MMF}?},\n\tshorttitle = {{UV}-microspectrophotometry: {A} method to prove wood-modification with {MMF}?},\n\tauthor = {Mahnert, K. C. and Adamopoulos, S. and Koch, G. and Militz, H.},\n\teditor = {Nunes, L. and Jones, D. and Hill, C. A. S. and Militz, H.},\n\tmonth = mar,\n\tyear = {2014},\n\tfile = {6A5_p185_oral_mahnertetal:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\CQI9GKJ6\\\\6A5_p185_oral_mahnertetal.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Holzmodifizierung beeinflusst die Verklebung - aber wie? Erkenntnisse für praktische Anwendungen.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Lütkemeier, B.; and Militz, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In Bauanwendung, S. W. I. N. H. m. K. f. d., editor(s), pages 103–112, 2014. \n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
\n 
@inproceedings{bauanwendung_holzmodifizierung_2014,\n\ttitle = {Holzmodifizierung beeinflusst die {Verklebung} - aber wie? {Erkenntnisse} für praktische {Anwendungen}},\n\tshorttitle = {Holzmodifizierung beeinflusst die {Verklebung} - aber wie? {Erkenntnisse} für praktische {Anwendungen}},\n\tauthor = {Lütkemeier, B. and Militz, H.},\n\teditor = {Bauanwendung, Swiss Wood Innovation Network. Holzverbindungen mit Klebstoffen für die},\n\tyear = {2014},\n\tpages = {103--112},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Comparison of thermal wood modification in high versus low water vapour pressure reactor systems.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Willems, W.; Altgen, M.; and Militz, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In Nunes, L.; Jones, D.; Hill, C. A. S.; and Militz, H., editor(s), 2014. \n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
\n 
@inproceedings{nunes_comparison_2014,\n\ttitle = {Comparison of thermal wood modification in high versus low water vapour pressure reactor systems},\n\tshorttitle = {Comparison of thermal wood modification in high versus low water vapour pressure reactor systems},\n\tauthor = {Willems, W. and Altgen, M. and Militz, H.},\n\teditor = {Nunes, L. and Jones, D. and Hill, C. A. S. and Militz, H.},\n\tyear = {2014},\n\tfile = {6B1_p105_oral_willemsetal:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\PFRVXWCE\\\\6B1_p105_oral_willemsetal.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Plasma treatment of heat treated beech veneers for plywood production.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Wascher, R.; Yuvchenko, A.; Loewenthal, L.; Avramidis, G.; Militz, H.; and Viöl, W.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In Nunes, L.; Jones, D.; Hill, C. A. S.; and Militz, H., editor(s), 2014. \n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
\n 
@inproceedings{nunes_plasma_2014,\n\ttitle = {Plasma treatment of heat treated beech veneers for plywood production},\n\tshorttitle = {Plasma treatment of heat treated beech veneers for plywood production},\n\tauthor = {Wascher, R. and Yuvchenko, A. and Loewenthal, L. and Avramidis, G. and Militz, H. and Viöl, W.},\n\teditor = {Nunes, L. and Jones, D. and Hill, C. A. S. and Militz, H.},\n\tyear = {2014},\n\tfile = {7_3_p145_poster_wascheretal:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\49W8A5SV\\\\7_3_p145_poster_wascheretal.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Increasing the water uptake of wood veneers through plasma treatment at atmospheric pressure.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Wascher, R.; Schulze, N.; Avramidis, G.; Militz, H.; Vioel, W.; and Viöl, W.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n European Journal of Wood and Wood Products, 72(5): 685–687. 2014.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n \"IncreasingPaper\n  \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@article{wascher_increasing_2014,\n\ttitle = {Increasing the water uptake of wood veneers through plasma treatment at atmospheric pressure},\n\tvolume = {72},\n\tissn = {0018-3768},\n\tshorttitle = {Increasing the water uptake of wood veneers through plasma treatment at atmospheric pressure},\n\turl = {http://sfx.gbv.de:9004/sfx_sub/?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&url_ctx_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Actx&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.atitle=Increasing%20the%20water%20uptake%20of%20wood%20veneers%20through%20plasma%20treatment%20at%20atmospheric%20pressure&rft.aufirst=R.&rft.aulast=Wascher&rft.date=2014&rft.eissn=1436-736X&rft.epage=687&rft.genre=article&rft.issn=0018-3768&rft.issue=5&rft.jtitle=EUROPEAN%20JOURNAL%20OF%20WOOD%20AND%20WOOD%20PRODUCTS&rft.pages=685-687&rft.spage=685&rft.stitle=EUR%20J%20WOOD%20WOOD%20PROD&rft.volume=72&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fwww.isinet.com%3AWoK%3AUA&rft.au=Schulze%2C%20N.&rft.au=Avramidis%2C%20G.&rft.au=Militz%2C%20H.&rft.au=Vioel%2C%20W.&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2Fs00107-014-0815-7},\n\tnumber = {5},\n\tjournal = {European Journal of Wood and Wood Products},\n\tauthor = {Wascher, R. and Schulze, N. and Avramidis, G. and Militz, H. and Vioel, W. and Viöl, W.},\n\tyear = {2014},\n\tpages = {685--687},\n\tfile = {art%3A10.1007%2Fs00107-014-0815-7:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\XIIUWAKK\\\\art%3A10.1007%2Fs00107-014-0815-7.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n The potential role of wood acetylation in climate change mitigation.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n van der Lugt, P.; Vogtländer, J.; Alexander, J.; Bongers, F.; and Stebbins, H .\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In Nunes, L.; Jones, D.; Hill, C. A. S.; and Militz, H., editor(s), March 2014. \n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
\n 
@inproceedings{nunes_potential_2014,\n\ttitle = {The potential role of wood acetylation in climate change mitigation},\n\tshorttitle = {The potential role of wood acetylation in climate change mitigation},\n\tauthor = {van der Lugt, P. and Vogtländer, J. and Alexander, J. and Bongers, F. and Stebbins, H .},\n\teditor = {Nunes, L. and Jones, D. and Hill, C. A. S. and Militz, H.},\n\tmonth = mar,\n\tyear = {2014},\n\tfile = {4_3_p119_oral_vanderlugtetal:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\7BAW2VW2\\\\4_3_p119_oral_vanderlugtetal.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Machine grain angle determination on six European hardwoods.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Schlotzhauer, P.; Emmerich, L.; Militz, H.; and Bollmus, S.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In Németh, R.; Teischinger, A.; and Schmitt, U., editor(s), pages 45–46, 2014. \n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@inproceedings{nemeth_machine_2014,\n\ttitle = {Machine grain angle determination on six {European} hardwoods},\n\tshorttitle = {Machine grain angle determination on six {European} hardwoods},\n\tauthor = {Schlotzhauer, P. and Emmerich, L. and Militz, H. and Bollmus, S.},\n\teditor = {Németh, R. and Teischinger, A. and Schmitt, U.},\n\tyear = {2014},\n\tpages = {45--46},\n\tfile = {Proceedings_Eco-efficient Resource Wood_2014_Sopron_Vienna_final:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\MITT2ZZF\\\\Proceedings_Eco-efficient Resource Wood_2014_Sopron_Vienna_final.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Modification of chemical properties on wood surfaces using atmospheric pressure plasma.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Peters, F.; Avramidis, G.; Bellmann, M.; Wolkenhauer, A.; Repenning, K.; Militz, H.; and Viöl, W.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In Nunes, L.; Jones, D.; Hill, C. A. S.; and Militz, H., editor(s), March 2014. \n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@inproceedings{nunes_modification_2014-1,\n\ttitle = {Modification of chemical properties on wood surfaces using atmospheric pressure plasma},\n\tshorttitle = {Modification of chemical properties on wood surfaces using atmospheric pressure plasma},\n\tauthor = {Peters, F. and Avramidis, G. and Bellmann, M. and Wolkenhauer, A. and Repenning, K. and Militz, H. and Viöl, W.},\n\teditor = {Nunes, L. and Jones, D. and Hill, C. A. S. and Militz, H.},\n\tmonth = mar,\n\tyear = {2014},\n\tfile = {7_2_p144_poster_petersetal:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\V3ZAZQ9F\\\\7_2_p144_poster_petersetal.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Durability aspects of (hydro)thermal treated wood.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Tjeerdsma, B. F.; Stevens, M; and Militz, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In pages 11, May 2014. IRG Secretary Stockholm, Sweden\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n \"DurabilityPaper\n  \n \n\n \n \n doi\n  \n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n  \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@inproceedings{tjeerdsma_durability_2014,\n\ttitle = {Durability aspects of (hydro)thermal treated wood},\n\turl = {2000\\IRG 00-40160.pdf  Section},\n\tdoi = {IRG/WP 00-40160},\n\tabstract = {Samples of several wood species were treated in a two steps process, subsequently hydrothermal and dry heat-treated, by the so-called PLATO-process and analysed for their resistance against fungal attack. Both PLATO-treated and dry heat-treated specimen were prepared and analysed, in order to study the influence of moisture during hydrothermal treatment of wood. The resistance against all of the studied types of fungi was improved considerably after the PLATO-treatment. Especially the resistance against brown rot fungi was increased by the treatment. Also the resistance against white rot and soft rot was improved. The increase of the decay resistance was found dependent on the applied process conditions. The PLATO-treatment was found to be more efficient compared to a one step dry heat-treatment, with respect to improving the resistance against fungal attack. The effectiveness of the treatment is improved by applying a hydrothermal step before the dry heat-treatment step. The process conditions in the curing step appeared to have the largest effect on the resistance against soft rot and brown rot decay. White rot decay was less dependent on the curing conditions and found more affected by the hydrothermolysis, suggesting the decomposition of hemicellulose in the hydrothermolysis.},\n\tpublisher = {IRG Secretary Stockholm, Sweden},\n\tauthor = {Tjeerdsma, B. F. and Stevens, M and Militz, H.},\n\tmonth = may,\n\tyear = {2014},\n\tkeywords = {curing, Durability, WHITE ROT, DRY HEAT TREATMENT, HYDROTHERMAL TREATMENT, PLATO, soft rot, brown rot},\n\tpages = {11},\n\tannote = {The NetherlandsNo notes avaliable},\n\tannote = {The NetherlandsNo notes avaliable},\n\tannote = {The NetherlandsNo notes avaliable},\n\tfile = {IRG 00-40160:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\EADUB9TN\\\\IRG 00-40160.pdf:application/pdf;IRG 00-40160:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\AJ5HKZH7\\\\IRG 00-40160.pdf:application/pdf;IRG 00-40160:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\9M2839NJ\\\\IRG 00-40160.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n Samples of several wood species were treated in a two steps process, subsequently hydrothermal and dry heat-treated, by the so-called PLATO-process and analysed for their resistance against fungal attack. Both PLATO-treated and dry heat-treated specimen were prepared and analysed, in order to study the influence of moisture during hydrothermal treatment of wood. The resistance against all of the studied types of fungi was improved considerably after the PLATO-treatment. Especially the resistance against brown rot fungi was increased by the treatment. Also the resistance against white rot and soft rot was improved. The increase of the decay resistance was found dependent on the applied process conditions. The PLATO-treatment was found to be more efficient compared to a one step dry heat-treatment, with respect to improving the resistance against fungal attack. The effectiveness of the treatment is improved by applying a hydrothermal step before the dry heat-treatment step. The process conditions in the curing step appeared to have the largest effect on the resistance against soft rot and brown rot decay. White rot decay was less dependent on the curing conditions and found more affected by the hydrothermolysis, suggesting the decomposition of hemicellulose in the hydrothermolysis.\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Plasma induced effects within the bulk material of wood veneers.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Wascher, R.; Avramidis, G.; Vetter, U.; Damm, R.; Peters, F.; Militz, H.; and Viöl, W.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Surface and Coatings Technology, 259: 62–67. 2014.\n \n\n\n\n
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@article{wascher_plasma_2014,\n\ttitle = {Plasma induced effects within the bulk material of wood veneers},\n\tvolume = {259},\n\tissn = {0257-8972},\n\tshorttitle = {Plasma induced effects within the bulk material of wood veneers},\n\tjournal = {Surface and Coatings Technology},\n\tauthor = {Wascher, R. and Avramidis, G. and Vetter, U. and Damm, R. and Peters, F. and Militz, H. and Viöl, W.},\n\tyear = {2014},\n\tpages = {62--67},\n\tfile = {Wascher et al. - 2014 - Plasma induced effects within the bulk material of.pdf:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\PNWGA9JL\\\\Wascher et al. - 2014 - Plasma induced effects within the bulk material of.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Effect of size on tensile, compression and bending strengths of six European hardwood species.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Schlotzhauer, P.; Nelis, P. A.; Militz, H.; and Bollmus, S.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In 2014. \n \n\n\n\n
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@inproceedings{schlotzhauer_effect_2014,\n\ttitle = {Effect of size on tensile, compression and bending  strengths of six {European} hardwood species},\n\tauthor = {Schlotzhauer, Philipp and Nelis, Philipp Alexander and Militz, Holger and Bollmus, Susanne},\n\tyear = {2014},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Plasmabehandlung zur Verbesserung der Oberflächeneigenschaften von Holz und Holzwerkstoffen.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Militz, H.; Viöl, W.; Avramidis, G.; Hünnekens, B.; Gascón-Garrido, P.; and Wallenhorst, L.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In Marutzky, R.; and Militz, H., editor(s), Deutsche Holzschutztagung 2014 - Aus Forschung und Praxis, pages 77–85, Braunschweig, Germany, September 2014. \n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@inproceedings{militz_plasmabehandlung_2014,\n\taddress = {Braunschweig, Germany},\n\ttitle = {Plasmabehandlung zur {Verbesserung} der {Oberflächeneigenschaften} von {Holz} und {Holzwerkstoffen}},\n\tshorttitle = {Plasmabehandlung zur {Verbesserung} der {Oberflächeneigenschaften} von {Holz} und {Holzwerkstoffen}},\n\tbooktitle = {Deutsche {Holzschutztagung} 2014 - {Aus} {Forschung} und {Praxis}},\n\tauthor = {Militz, H. and Viöl, W. and Avramidis, G. and Hünnekens, B. and Gascón-Garrido, P. and Wallenhorst, L.},\n\teditor = {Marutzky, R. and Militz, H.},\n\tmonth = sep,\n\tyear = {2014},\n\tpages = {77--85},\n\tfile = {Deutsche Holzschutztagung 2014:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\TMH6ZTR3\\\\Deutsche Holzschutztagung 2014.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n  \n 2013\n \n \n (27)\n \n \n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n System treatments of Pinus sylvestris - influence on moisture, decay and discoloration.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Schabacker, A.; Alfredsen, G.; Ross Gobakken, L.; Militz, H.; and Flæte, P. O.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In June 2013. \n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n doi\n  \n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n  \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@inproceedings{schabacker_system_2013,\n\ttitle = {System treatments of {Pinus} sylvestris - influence on moisture, decay and discoloration},\n\tdoi = {IRG/WP 13-30612},\n\tabstract = {Biological activity can cause challenges for the use of wood in outdoor exposure. Decay and discolouring fungi influence the service life of wooden constructions, and the moisture content of the wood is often an important factor. The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of different combinations of preservative/modified wood protection treatments and surface treatments for wooden decks in different exposure situations after ten years of field testing. Fourteen different wood protection treatments were tested, in addition to Scots pine sapwood, Scots pine heartwood and European larch heartwood. Furthermore two different surface treatments were included (alkyd oil with iron oxide pigments (AO) and alkyd emulsion without pigments (AE)) in addition to no surface treatment. The test setup used was the “Stapelbädds metoden”. The bottom layer is in soil contact and this stack method provides a moisture gradient within the five layers included. As expected a gradient of increasing wood moisture content and fungal decay rating was found from the top layer to the bottom layer of the stack. For samples with no surface treatment the treatments with lowest wood moisture content was Styren, Tanalith E7, Royal with pigment, European larch heartwood and thermal modification. In the stacks without surface treatment Royal with pigment and Gori SC 100 were the only treatments with decay rating ≤ 1 in all layers, while Scots pine sapwood, Scots pine heartwood and UltraWood all had decay ratings {\\textgreater} 2 in all layers. AE surface treatment decreased fungal decay in all layers for furfurylation, Scots pine heartwood and Tanalith M. A similar trend including all layers was not found for AO. All treatments were totally covered by discolouring fungi with the exceptions of ACQ 1900 and Scanimp. Among the untreated samples European larch heartwood generally gave the best performance. The results show that moisture content and fungal decay rate can be reduced with the support of a surface treatment, but they also showed that the opposite can also be the case after ten years of field exposure.},\n\tauthor = {Schabacker, A. and Alfredsen, G. and Ross Gobakken, L. and Militz, H. and Flæte, P. O.},\n\tmonth = jun,\n\tyear = {2013},\n\tkeywords = {decay fungi, decks, discolouring fungi, hazard class 3},\n\tfile = {IRG 13-30612:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\TF4GPN73\\\\IRG 13-30612.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n Biological activity can cause challenges for the use of wood in outdoor exposure. Decay and discolouring fungi influence the service life of wooden constructions, and the moisture content of the wood is often an important factor. The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of different combinations of preservative/modified wood protection treatments and surface treatments for wooden decks in different exposure situations after ten years of field testing. Fourteen different wood protection treatments were tested, in addition to Scots pine sapwood, Scots pine heartwood and European larch heartwood. Furthermore two different surface treatments were included (alkyd oil with iron oxide pigments (AO) and alkyd emulsion without pigments (AE)) in addition to no surface treatment. The test setup used was the “Stapelbädds metoden”. The bottom layer is in soil contact and this stack method provides a moisture gradient within the five layers included. As expected a gradient of increasing wood moisture content and fungal decay rating was found from the top layer to the bottom layer of the stack. For samples with no surface treatment the treatments with lowest wood moisture content was Styren, Tanalith E7, Royal with pigment, European larch heartwood and thermal modification. In the stacks without surface treatment Royal with pigment and Gori SC 100 were the only treatments with decay rating ≤ 1 in all layers, while Scots pine sapwood, Scots pine heartwood and UltraWood all had decay ratings \\textgreater 2 in all layers. AE surface treatment decreased fungal decay in all layers for furfurylation, Scots pine heartwood and Tanalith M. A similar trend including all layers was not found for AO. All treatments were totally covered by discolouring fungi with the exceptions of ACQ 1900 and Scanimp. Among the untreated samples European larch heartwood generally gave the best performance. The results show that moisture content and fungal decay rate can be reduced with the support of a surface treatment, but they also showed that the opposite can also be the case after ten years of field exposure.\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n The average carbon oxidation state of thermally modified wood as a marker for its decay resistance against Basidiomycetes.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Willems, W.; Gérardinc, P.; and Militz, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Polymer Degradation and Stability, 98(11): 2140–2145. 2013.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n \"ThePaper\n  \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@article{willems_average_2013,\n\ttitle = {The average carbon oxidation state of thermally modified wood as a marker for its decay resistance against {Basidiomycetes}},\n\tvolume = {98},\n\tissn = {0141-3910},\n\tshorttitle = {The average carbon oxidation state of thermally modified wood as a marker for its decay resistance against {Basidiomycetes}},\n\turl = {http://sfx.gbv.de:9004/sfx_sub?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info%3Aofi%2Fenc%3AUTF-8&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2FElsevier%3ASD&svc_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Asch_svc&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.aulast=WILLEMS&rft.auinit=W&rft.date=2013&rft.issn=01413910&rft.volume=98&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=2140&rft.epage=2145&rft.title=Polymer%20Degradation%20and%20Stability&rft.atitle=The%20average%20carbon%20oxidation%20state%20of%20thermally%20modified%20wood%20as%20a%20marker%20for%20its%20decay%20resistance%20against%20%3Ci%3EBasidiomycetes%3C%2Fi%3E&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.polymdegradstab.2013.09.003},\n\tnumber = {11},\n\tjournal = {Polymer Degradation and Stability},\n\tauthor = {Willems, W. and Gérardinc, P. and Militz, H.},\n\tyear = {2013},\n\tpages = {2140--2145},\n\tfile = {Willems et al. - 2013 - The average carbon oxidation state of thermally mo.pdf:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\A7Q48MBS\\\\Willems et al. - 2013 - The average carbon oxidation state of thermally mo.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Reducing copper leaching from treated wood by sol-gel derived TiO2 and SiO2 depositions.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Mahr, M. S.; Hübert, T.; Stephan, I.; Bücker, M.; and Militz, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Holzforschung, 67(4): 429–435. 2013.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n \"ReducingPaper\n  \n \n\n \n \n doi\n  \n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@article{mahr_reducing_2013,\n\ttitle = {Reducing copper leaching from treated wood by sol-gel derived {TiO2} and {SiO2} depositions},\n\tvolume = {67},\n\tissn = {1437-434X, 0018-3830},\n\turl = {https://www.degruyter.com/view/j/hfsg.ahead-of-print/hf-2012-0105/hf-2012-0105.xml},\n\tdoi = {10.1515/hf-2012-0105},\n\tnumber = {4},\n\turldate = {2018-06-13},\n\tjournal = {Holzforschung},\n\tauthor = {Mahr, M. S. and Hübert, T. and Stephan, I. and Bücker, M. and Militz, H.},\n\tyear = {2013},\n\tpages = {429--435},\n\tfile = {hf-2012-0105:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\7489ET3S\\\\hf-2012-0105.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Plasma treatment to improve wood surface properties.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Militz, H.; Viöl, W.; and Avramidis, G.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In pages 31–37, 2013. \n \n\n\n\n
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@inproceedings{militz_plasma_2013,\n\ttitle = {Plasma treatment to improve wood surface properties},\n\tshorttitle = {Plasma treatment to improve wood surface properties},\n\tauthor = {Militz, H. and Viöl, W. and Avramidis, G.},\n\tyear = {2013},\n\tpages = {31--37},\n\tfile = {Proceedings_WSE2013:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\4DXRDRNJ\\\\Proceedings_WSE2013.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Wood modification with MMF resins - effect of solution components against basidiomycetes.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Mahnert, K. C.; and Militz, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In pages 38–43, 2013. \n \n\n\n\n
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@inproceedings{mahnert_wood_2013,\n\ttitle = {Wood modification with {MMF} resins - effect of solution components against basidiomycetes},\n\tshorttitle = {Wood modification with {MMF} resins - effect of solution components against basidiomycetes},\n\tauthor = {Mahnert, K. C. and Militz, H.},\n\tyear = {2013},\n\tpages = {38--43},\n\tfile = {Proceedings_WSE2013:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\FUXQHI8E\\\\Proceedings_WSE2013.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Efficient utilization of wood sources for Wood-Polymer Composites.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Krause, K.; Müller, M.; Militz, H.; and Krause, A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In pages 94–105, 2013. Universitätsverlag Göttingen\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@inproceedings{krause_efficient_2013,\n\ttitle = {Efficient utilization of wood sources for {Wood}-{Polymer} {Composites}},\n\tisbn = {3-86395-142-5},\n\tshorttitle = {Efficient utilization of wood sources for {Wood}-{Polymer} {Composites}},\n\tpublisher = {Universitätsverlag Göttingen},\n\tauthor = {Krause, K. and Müller, M. and Militz, H. and Krause, A.},\n\tyear = {2013},\n\tpages = {94--105},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Decay resistance of acetic anhydride modified wood: a review.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Alfredsen, G.; Flæte, P. O.; and Militz, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n International Wood Products Journal, 4(3): 137–143. 2013.\n \n\n\n\n
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@article{alfredsen_decay_2013,\n\ttitle = {Decay resistance of acetic anhydride modified wood: a review},\n\tvolume = {4},\n\tissn = {2042-6453},\n\tshorttitle = {Decay resistance of acetic anhydride modified wood: a review},\n\tnumber = {3},\n\tjournal = {International Wood Products Journal},\n\tauthor = {Alfredsen, G. and Flæte, P. O. and Militz, H.},\n\tyear = {2013},\n\tpages = {137--143},\n\tfile = {2042645313Y%2E0000000034:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\G3956D3H\\\\2042645313Y%2E0000000034.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Modification of Pinus sylvestris L. wood with quat-and amino-silicones of different chain lengths.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Ghosh, S. C.; Militz, H.; and Mai, C.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Holzforschung, 67(4): 421–427. 2013.\n \n\n\n\n
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@article{ghosh_modification_2013,\n\ttitle = {Modification of {Pinus} sylvestris {L}. wood with quat-and amino-silicones of different chain lengths},\n\tvolume = {67},\n\tissn = {1437-434X},\n\tshorttitle = {Modification of {Pinus} sylvestris {L}. wood with quat-and amino-silicones of different chain lengths},\n\tnumber = {4},\n\tjournal = {Holzforschung},\n\tauthor = {Ghosh, S. C. and Militz, H. and Mai, C.},\n\tyear = {2013},\n\tpages = {421--427},\n\tfile = {hf-2012-0103:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\636UMWZQ\\\\hf-2012-0103.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Untersuchungen zum Befallsdruck an Freileitungsholzmasten.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Gellerich, A.; Bollmus, S.; and Militz, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Holztechnologie, 54(3): 32–37. 2013.\n \n\n\n\n
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@article{gellerich_untersuchungen_2013,\n\ttitle = {Untersuchungen zum {Befallsdruck} an {Freileitungsholzmasten}},\n\tvolume = {54},\n\tshorttitle = {Untersuchungen zum {Befallsdruck} an {Freileitungsholzmasten}},\n\tnumber = {3},\n\tjournal = {Holztechnologie},\n\tauthor = {Gellerich, A. and Bollmus, S. and Militz, H.},\n\tyear = {2013},\n\tpages = {32--37},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Resistance of wood modified with different technologies against Mediterranean termites (Reticulitermes spp.).\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Gascón-Garrido, P.; Oliver-Villanueva, J. V.; Ibiza-Palacios, M. S.; Militz, H.; Mai, C.; and Adamopoulos, S.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation, 82: 13–16. 2013.\n \n\n\n\n
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@article{gascon-garrido_resistance_2013,\n\ttitle = {Resistance of wood modified with different technologies against {Mediterranean} termites ({Reticulitermes} spp.)},\n\tvolume = {82},\n\tissn = {0964-8305},\n\tshorttitle = {Resistance of wood modified with different technologies against {Mediterranean} termites ({Reticulitermes} spp.)},\n\tjournal = {International Biodeterioration \\& Biodegradation},\n\tauthor = {Gascón-Garrido, P. and Oliver-Villanueva, J. V. and Ibiza-Palacios, M. S. and Militz, H. and Mai, C. and Adamopoulos, S.},\n\tyear = {2013},\n\tpages = {13--16},\n\tfile = {Resistance of wood modified with different technologies against Mediterranean termites Reticulitermes spp:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\JRQVVGNF\\\\Resistance of wood modified with different technologies against Mediterranean termites Reticulitermes spp.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Changes in the microstructure of birch wood after hydrothermal treatment.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Biziks, V.; Andersons, B.; Beļkova, Ļ.; Kapača, E.; and Militz, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Wood science and technology, 47(4): 717–735. July 2013.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n \"ChangesPaper\n  \n \n\n \n \n doi\n  \n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@article{biziks_changes_2013,\n\ttitle = {Changes in the microstructure of birch wood after hydrothermal treatment},\n\tvolume = {47},\n\tissn = {0043-7719},\n\tshorttitle = {Changes in the microstructure of birch wood after hydrothermal treatment},\n\turl = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00226-013-0531-1},\n\tdoi = {10.1007/s00226-013-0531-1},\n\tlanguage = {English},\n\tnumber = {4},\n\tjournal = {Wood science and technology},\n\tauthor = {Biziks, V. and Andersons, B. and Beļkova, Ļ. and Kapača, E. and Militz, H.},\n\tmonth = jul,\n\tyear = {2013},\n\tpages = {717--735},\n\tfile = {art%3A10.1007%2Fs00226-013-0531-1:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\FD8F8HHS\\\\art%3A10.1007%2Fs00226-013-0531-1.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Bondability of phenol formaldehyde modified beech wood glued with phenol resorcinol formaldehyde and polyvinyl acetate adhesives.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Bastani, A.; and Militz, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In Medved, S.; and Kutnar, A., editor(s), Characterization of modified wood in relation to wood bonding and coating performance. COST FP0904, pages 52–60. 2013.\n \n\n\n\n
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@incollection{medved_bondability_2013,\n\ttitle = {Bondability of phenol formaldehyde modified beech wood glued with phenol resorcinol formaldehyde and polyvinyl acetate adhesives},\n\tshorttitle = {Bondability of phenol formaldehyde modified beech wood glued with phenol resorcinol formaldehyde and polyvinyl acetate adhesives},\n\tbooktitle = {Characterization of modified wood in relation to wood bonding and coating performance. {COST} {FP0904}},\n\tauthor = {Bastani, A. and Militz, H.},\n\teditor = {Medved, S. and Kutnar, A.},\n\tyear = {2013},\n\tpages = {52--60},\n\tfile = {COST FP0904 und FP1006:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\V7GH9847\\\\COST FP0904 und FP1006.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Bestimmung der Behandlungsqualität von Thermoholz mithilfe von Schnellverfahren. Teil 2: Nah-Infrarot-Spektroskopie.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Altgen, M.; Welzbacher, C.; and Militz, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Holztechnologie, 54(1): 40–44. 2013.\n \n\n\n\n
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@article{altgen_bestimmung_2013,\n\ttitle = {Bestimmung der {Behandlungsqualität} von {Thermoholz} mithilfe von {Schnellverfahren}. {Teil} 2: {Nah}-{Infrarot}-{Spektroskopie}},\n\tvolume = {54},\n\tshorttitle = {Bestimmung der {Behandlungsqualität} von {Thermoholz} mithilfe von {Schnellverfahren}. {Teil} 2: {Nah}-{Infrarot}-{Spektroskopie}},\n\tnumber = {1},\n\tjournal = {Holztechnologie},\n\tauthor = {Altgen, M. and Welzbacher, C. and Militz, H.},\n\tyear = {2013},\n\tpages = {40--44},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Surface performance of thermally modified wood during weathering.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Altgen, M.; Ala-Viikari, J.; Hukka, A.; Tetri, T.; and Militz, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In Medved, S.; and Kutnar, A., editor(s), Characterization of modified wood in relation to wood bonding and coating performance. COST FP0904, pages 149–156. 2013.\n \n\n\n\n
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@incollection{medved_surface_2013,\n\ttitle = {Surface performance of thermally modified wood during weathering},\n\tshorttitle = {Surface performance of thermally modified wood during weathering},\n\tbooktitle = {Characterization of modified wood in relation to wood bonding and coating performance. {COST} {FP0904}},\n\tauthor = {Altgen, M. and Ala-Viikari, J. and Hukka, A. and Tetri, T. and Militz, H.},\n\teditor = {Medved, S. and Kutnar, A.},\n\tyear = {2013},\n\tpages = {149--156},\n\tfile = {COST FP0904 und FP1006:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\ETH5NXPZ\\\\COST FP0904 und FP1006.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Effect of short-chain silicones bearing different functional groups on the resistance of pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) and beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) against decay fungi.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Pries, M.; Wagner, R.; Kaesler, K.; Militz, H.; and Mai, C.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Holzforschung, 67(4): 447–454. 2013.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n  \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@article{pries_effect_2013,\n\ttitle = {Effect of short-chain silicones bearing different functional groups on the resistance of pine ({Pinus} sylvestris {L}.) and beech ({Fagus} sylvatica {L}.) against decay fungi},\n\tvolume = {67},\n\tshorttitle = {Effect of short-chain silicones bearing different functional groups on the resistance of pine ({Pinus} sylvestris {L}.) and beech ({Fagus} sylvatica {L}.) against decay fungi},\n\tabstract = {Blocks of pine sapwood and beech wood were treated with water-based emulsions containing short-chain silicones with different α-ω-bonded functional groups, such as diamino, carboxyl and carbonyl, betain, and epoxy groups. The weight percent gain upon treatment of the pine wood specimens was relatively high (10\\%–20\\%), but their cross-sectional bulking was low (1\\%–2.5\\%). Thus, the anti-shrink efficiency (ASE) due to the treatment was also low. The first water-submersion tests revealed some hydrophobation of the treated wood. A second submersion test, however, revealed successful hydrophobation only for betain-functionalised material. The carboxylated silicone even increased the speed of water uptake as compared to the controls. The samples treated with silicones bearing epoxy, diamino, and carboxy functionalities showed a distinct reduction in mass loss compared to the control samples after 16 weeks of incubation with the fungi Coniophora puteana and Trametes versicolor according to EN 113 and CEN/TS 15083-1, whereas the betain-functionalised silicone did not enhance fungal resistance. All silicones tested lowered the mass loss in a soft rot test according to ENv 807. The mode of action of the silicones is discussed.},\n\tnumber = {4},\n\tjournal = {Holzforschung},\n\tauthor = {Pries, M. and Wagner, R. and Kaesler, K.-H. and Militz, H. and Mai, C.},\n\tyear = {2013},\n\tkeywords = {wood modification, amino silicone, carboxy silicone, epoxy silicone, short-chain silicone},\n\tpages = {447--454},\n\tfile = {hf-2012-0065:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\KTFFHQ55\\\\hf-2012-0065.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n Blocks of pine sapwood and beech wood were treated with water-based emulsions containing short-chain silicones with different α-ω-bonded functional groups, such as diamino, carboxyl and carbonyl, betain, and epoxy groups. The weight percent gain upon treatment of the pine wood specimens was relatively high (10%–20%), but their cross-sectional bulking was low (1%–2.5%). Thus, the anti-shrink efficiency (ASE) due to the treatment was also low. The first water-submersion tests revealed some hydrophobation of the treated wood. A second submersion test, however, revealed successful hydrophobation only for betain-functionalised material. The carboxylated silicone even increased the speed of water uptake as compared to the controls. The samples treated with silicones bearing epoxy, diamino, and carboxy functionalities showed a distinct reduction in mass loss compared to the control samples after 16 weeks of incubation with the fungi Coniophora puteana and Trametes versicolor according to EN 113 and CEN/TS 15083-1, whereas the betain-functionalised silicone did not enhance fungal resistance. All silicones tested lowered the mass loss in a soft rot test according to ENv 807. The mode of action of the silicones is discussed.\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n A new approach for the study of the chemical composition of bordered pit membranes: 4Pi and confocal laser scanning microscopy.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Maschek, D.; Goodell, B.; Jellison, J.; Lessard, M.; and Militz, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n American Journal of Botany, 100(9): 1751–1756. September 2013.\n \n\n\n\n
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@article{maschek_new_2013,\n\ttitle = {A new approach for the study of the chemical composition of bordered pit membranes: {4Pi} and confocal laser scanning microscopy},\n\tvolume = {100},\n\tissn = {1537-2197 (Electronic) 0002-9122 (Linking)},\n\tshorttitle = {A new approach for the study of the chemical composition of bordered pit membranes: {4Pi} and confocal laser scanning microscopy},\n\tdoi = {10.3732/ajb.1300004},\n\tabstract = {* PREMISE OF THE STUDY: Coniferous bordered pits are some of the most unique and fascinating microstructures of the lignified cell wall. The pit membrane consists of a margo and a torus region, hence facilitating both xylary water transport and also limiting air intrusion by pit aspiration. Additionally, bordered pits have been reported to play a decisive role in the control of rapid liquid flow via the shrinkage and swelling of pectin. The study of the nanostructural chemical composition of pit membranes has been difficult with common imaging/chemical techniques, which involve drying and/or coating of the samples. * METHODS: Using fluorescent tagging and antibodies specific to pectin, and a His-tagged cellulose-binding module that reacts with crystalline cellulose, in combination with confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) and 4Pi microscopy, we generated three-dimensional images of intact pit membranes. * KEY RESULTS: With enhanced resolution in the z-direction of the 4Pi microscope, it was possible to distinguish cellulose in the torus and the margo strands of Pinus strobus. The torus was surrounded by pectin, and a pectin ring was found at the margin of the torus. We also found differences in the structure of the pit membrane between aspirated and unaspirated pits, with a displacement of pectin to form a ring-like structure, the collapse of a void in the interior of the torus, and an apparent change in the chemical structure of cellulosic components, during the aspiration process. * CONCLUSIONS: The 4Pi microscope is well suited to scanning pit membranes to discover previously undescribed anatomical features in bordered pits and can provide information on chemical composition when used in combination with appropriate probes.},\n\tlanguage = {eng},\n\tnumber = {9},\n\tjournal = {American Journal of Botany},\n\tauthor = {Maschek, D. and Goodell, B. and Jellison, J. and Lessard, M. and Militz, H.},\n\tmonth = sep,\n\tyear = {2013},\n\tkeywords = {Antibodies, Biological Transport, Cell Membrane/chemistry/metabolism/ ultrastructure, Cell Wall/chemistry/metabolism/ultrastructure, Cellulose/metabolism, Lignin/metabolism, Microscopy, Confocal/ methods, Pectins/metabolism, Pinus/chemistry/metabolism/ ultrastructure, Staining and Labeling/methods, Water/ metabolism, Wood/chemistry/metabolism/ultrastructure, Xylem/chemistry/metabolism/ultrastructure},\n\tpages = {1751--1756},\n\tannote = {Maschek, DanielaGoodell, BarryJellison, JodyLessard, MarkMilitz, HolgerResearch Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.United StatesAm J Bot. 2013 Sep;100(9):1751-6. doi: 10.3732/ajb.1300004. Epub 2013 Sep 9.},\n\tfile = {1751.full:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\KICSEFMK\\\\1751.full.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n * PREMISE OF THE STUDY: Coniferous bordered pits are some of the most unique and fascinating microstructures of the lignified cell wall. The pit membrane consists of a margo and a torus region, hence facilitating both xylary water transport and also limiting air intrusion by pit aspiration. Additionally, bordered pits have been reported to play a decisive role in the control of rapid liquid flow via the shrinkage and swelling of pectin. The study of the nanostructural chemical composition of pit membranes has been difficult with common imaging/chemical techniques, which involve drying and/or coating of the samples. * METHODS: Using fluorescent tagging and antibodies specific to pectin, and a His-tagged cellulose-binding module that reacts with crystalline cellulose, in combination with confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) and 4Pi microscopy, we generated three-dimensional images of intact pit membranes. * KEY RESULTS: With enhanced resolution in the z-direction of the 4Pi microscope, it was possible to distinguish cellulose in the torus and the margo strands of Pinus strobus. The torus was surrounded by pectin, and a pectin ring was found at the margin of the torus. We also found differences in the structure of the pit membrane between aspirated and unaspirated pits, with a displacement of pectin to form a ring-like structure, the collapse of a void in the interior of the torus, and an apparent change in the chemical structure of cellulosic components, during the aspiration process. * CONCLUSIONS: The 4Pi microscope is well suited to scanning pit membranes to discover previously undescribed anatomical features in bordered pits and can provide information on chemical composition when used in combination with appropriate probes.\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Decay protection of wood against brown-rot fungi by titanium alkoxide impregnations.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Mahr, M. S.; Hübert, T.; Stephan, I.; and Militz, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation, 77: 56–62. 2013.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@article{mahr_decay_2013,\n\ttitle = {Decay protection of wood against brown-rot fungi by titanium alkoxide impregnations},\n\tvolume = {77},\n\tissn = {0964-8305},\n\tshorttitle = {Decay protection of wood against brown-rot fungi by titanium alkoxide impregnations},\n\tjournal = {International Biodeterioration \\& Biodegradation},\n\tauthor = {Mahr, M. S. and Hübert, T. and Stephan, I. and Militz, H.},\n\tyear = {2013},\n\tpages = {56--62},\n\tfile = {Decay protection of wood against brown-rot fungi by titanium alkoxide impregnations:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\845CPD8S\\\\Decay protection of wood against brown-rot fungi by titanium alkoxide impregnations.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Characterisation of the wood component of WPC via dynamic image analysis.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Teuber, L.; Militz, H.; and Krause, A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In Geldermann, J.; and Schumann, M., editor(s), 2013. \n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@inproceedings{geldermann_characterisation_2013,\n\ttitle = {Characterisation of the wood component of {WPC} via dynamic image analysis},\n\tshorttitle = {Characterisation of the wood component of {WPC} via dynamic image analysis},\n\tlanguage = {eng},\n\tauthor = {Teuber, L. and Militz, H. and Krause, A.},\n\teditor = {Geldermann, J. and Schumann, M.},\n\tyear = {2013},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Plasma Treatment of Wood.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Viöl, W.; Avramidis, G.; and Militz, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In Rowell, R. M., editor(s), Handbook of Wood Chemistry and Wood Composites, pages 627–657. CRC Press, New York, 2013.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@incollection{rowell_plasma_2013,\n\taddress = {New York},\n\ttitle = {Plasma {Treatment} of {Wood}},\n\tshorttitle = {Plasma {Treatment} of {Wood}},\n\tbooktitle = {Handbook of {Wood} {Chemistry} and {Wood} {Composites}},\n\tpublisher = {CRC Press},\n\tauthor = {Viöl, W. and Avramidis, G. and Militz, H.},\n\teditor = {Rowell, R. M.},\n\tyear = {2013},\n\tpages = {627--657},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Wood anatomy and topochemistry of Bombax ceiba L. and Bombax insigne Wall.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Sint, K. M.; Adamopoulos, S.; Koch, G.; Hapla, F.; and Militz, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n BioResearch, 8(1): 530–544. 2013.\n \n\n\n\n
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@article{sint_wood_2013,\n\ttitle = {Wood anatomy and topochemistry of {Bombax} ceiba {L}. and {Bombax} insigne {Wall}},\n\tvolume = {8},\n\tshorttitle = {Wood anatomy and topochemistry of {Bombax} ceiba {L}. and {Bombax} insigne {Wall}},\n\tnumber = {1},\n\tjournal = {BioResearch},\n\tauthor = {Sint, K. M. and Adamopoulos, S. and Koch, G. and Hapla, F. and Militz, H.},\n\tyear = {2013},\n\tpages = {530--544},\n\tfile = {2159-14921-1-PB:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\MV46TDN2\\\\2159-14921-1-PB.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Impregnation of Bombax ceiba and Bombax insigne wood with a N-methylol melamine compound.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Sint, K. M.; Adamopoulos, S.; Koch, G.; Hapla, F.; and Militz, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Wood Science and Technology, 47(1): 43–58. January 2013.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n \"ImpregnationPaper\n  \n \n\n \n \n doi\n  \n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@article{sint_impregnation_2013,\n\ttitle = {Impregnation of {Bombax} ceiba and {Bombax} insigne wood with a {N}-methylol melamine compound},\n\tvolume = {47},\n\tissn = {0043-7719},\n\tshorttitle = {Impregnation of {Bombax} ceiba and {Bombax} insigne wood with a {N}-methylol melamine compound},\n\turl = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00226-012-0482-y},\n\tdoi = {10.1007/s00226-012-0482-y},\n\tlanguage = {English},\n\tnumber = {1},\n\tjournal = {Wood Science and Technology},\n\tauthor = {Sint, K. M. and Adamopoulos, S. and Koch, G. and Hapla, F. and Militz, H.},\n\tmonth = jan,\n\tyear = {2013},\n\tpages = {43--58},\n\tfile = {art%3A10.1007%2Fs00226-012-0482-y:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\5G2FQ4S7\\\\art%3A10.1007%2Fs00226-012-0482-y.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Strength changes in ash, beech and maple wood modified with a N-methylol melamine compound and a metal-complex dye.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Kielmann, B. C.; Adamopoulos, S.; Militz, H.; and Mai, C.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Wood Research, 58(3): 343–350. 2013.\n \n\n\n\n
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@article{kielmann_strength_2013,\n\ttitle = {Strength changes in ash, beech and maple wood modified with a {N}-methylol melamine compound and a metal-complex dye},\n\tvolume = {58},\n\tshorttitle = {Strength changes in ash, beech and maple wood modified with a {N}-methylol melamine compound and a metal-complex dye},\n\tnumber = {3},\n\tjournal = {Wood Research},\n\tauthor = {Kielmann, B. C. and Adamopoulos, S. and Militz, H. and Mai, C.},\n\tyear = {2013},\n\tpages = {343--350},\n\tfile = {7-42-094053_02_CarstenMai:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\I7AF9IC7\\\\7-42-094053_02_CarstenMai.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Thermal wood modification chemistry analysed using van Krevelen's representation.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Willems, W; Mai, C; and Militz, H\n\n\n \n\n\n\n International Wood Products Journal, 4(3): 166–171. 2013.\n \n\n\n\n
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@article{willems_thermal_2013,\n\ttitle = {Thermal wood modification chemistry analysed using van {Krevelen}'s representation},\n\tvolume = {4},\n\tissn = {2042-6453},\n\tshorttitle = {Thermal wood modification chemistry analysed using van {Krevelen}'s representation},\n\tnumber = {3},\n\tjournal = {International Wood Products Journal},\n\tauthor = {Willems, W and Mai, C and Militz, H},\n\tyear = {2013},\n\tpages = {166--171},\n\tfile = {2042645313Y:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\9AV3NQ82\\\\2042645313Y.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Topochemistry of heat-treated and N-methylol melamine-modified wood of koto (Pterygota macrocarpa K. Schum.) and limba (Terminalia superba Engl. et. Diels).\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Mahnert, K. C.; Adamopoulos, S.; Koch, G.; and Militz, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Holzforschung, 67(2): 137–146. 2013.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n  \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@article{mahnert_topochemistry_2013,\n\ttitle = {Topochemistry of heat-treated and {N}-methylol melamine-modified wood of koto ({Pterygota} macrocarpa {K}. {Schum}.) and limba ({Terminalia} superba {Engl}. et. {Diels})},\n\tvolume = {67},\n\tshorttitle = {Topochemistry of heat-treated and {N}-methylol melamine-modified wood of koto ({Pterygota} macrocarpa {K}. {Schum}.) and limba ({Terminalia} superba {Engl}. et. {Diels})},\n\tabstract = {To broaden the knowledge about the chemical changes at the cell wall level of differently modified tropical hardwoods, heat-treated and N-methylol melamine (NMM)-treated samples of koto (Pterygota macrocarpa) and limba (Terminalia superba) were prepared. UV microspectrophotometry (UMSP) was applied at 278 and 240 nm as specific wavelengths to analyze chemical alterations of the samples caused by heat and NMM treatment, respectively. The absorbance of koto exceeded that of limba before and after treatment, potentially due to the higher extractive content of the former. Regardless of the wood species, the absorbance of the samples increased with increasing intensity of the NMM treatment. Additionally, the absorbance of lignin within the spectrum of 230–350 nm was altered due to the NMM treatment. The functionality of applying specific wavelengths for the analysis of different modification methods of wood was proven. However, the comparison with literature did not show differences in the absorbance, which could be assigned to the characteristics of tropical hardwoods.},\n\tnumber = {2},\n\tjournal = {Holzforschung},\n\tauthor = {Mahnert, K. C. and Adamopoulos, S. and Koch, G. and Militz, H.},\n\tyear = {2013},\n\tkeywords = {wood modification, Heat treatment, lignin condensation, N-methylol melamine, UV absorption, UV microspectrophotometry},\n\tpages = {137--146},\n\tfile = {hf-2012-0017:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\275INU9T\\\\hf-2012-0017.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n To broaden the knowledge about the chemical changes at the cell wall level of differently modified tropical hardwoods, heat-treated and N-methylol melamine (NMM)-treated samples of koto (Pterygota macrocarpa) and limba (Terminalia superba) were prepared. UV microspectrophotometry (UMSP) was applied at 278 and 240 nm as specific wavelengths to analyze chemical alterations of the samples caused by heat and NMM treatment, respectively. The absorbance of koto exceeded that of limba before and after treatment, potentially due to the higher extractive content of the former. Regardless of the wood species, the absorbance of the samples increased with increasing intensity of the NMM treatment. Additionally, the absorbance of lignin within the spectrum of 230–350 nm was altered due to the NMM treatment. The functionality of applying specific wavelengths for the analysis of different modification methods of wood was proven. However, the comparison with literature did not show differences in the absorbance, which could be assigned to the characteristics of tropical hardwoods.\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Effects of hydrophobation treatments of wood particles with an amino alkylsiloxane co-oligomer on properties of the ensuing polypropylene composites.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Xie, Y.; Krause, A.; Militz, H.; Steuernagel, L.; and Mai, C.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing, 44: 32–39. January 2013.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n \"EffectsPaper\n  \n \n\n \n \n doi\n  \n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@article{xie_effects_2013,\n\ttitle = {Effects of hydrophobation treatments of wood particles with an amino alkylsiloxane co-oligomer on properties of the ensuing polypropylene composites},\n\tvolume = {44},\n\tissn = {1359835X},\n\turl = {http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1359835X12002515},\n\tdoi = {10.1016/j.compositesa.2012.08.011},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\turldate = {2018-06-13},\n\tjournal = {Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing},\n\tauthor = {Xie, Y. and Krause, A. and Militz, H. and Steuernagel, L. and Mai, C.},\n\tmonth = jan,\n\tyear = {2013},\n\tpages = {32--39},\n\tfile = {Effects of hydrophobation treatments of wood particles with an amino alkylsiloxane co-oligomer on properties of the ensuing polypropylene composites:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\NIIBSA99\\\\Effects of hydrophobation treatments of wood particles with an amino alkylsiloxane co-oligomer on properties of the ensuing polypropylene compos.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Bending creep of Maritime pine wood (Pinus pinaster Ait.) chemically modified.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Lopes, D. B.; Mai, C.; and Militz, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Folia Forestalia Polonica, 55(3): 120–131. 2013.\n \n\n\n\n
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@article{lopes_bending_2013,\n\ttitle = {Bending creep of {Maritime} pine wood ({Pinus} pinaster {Ait}.) chemically modified},\n\tvolume = {55},\n\tissn = {0071-6677},\n\tshorttitle = {Bending creep of {Maritime} pine wood ({Pinus} pinaster {Ait}.) chemically modified},\n\tnumber = {3},\n\tjournal = {Folia Forestalia Polonica},\n\tauthor = {Lopes, D. B. and Mai, C. and Militz, H.},\n\tyear = {2013},\n\tpages = {120--131},\n\tfile = {ffp-2013-00013:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\72FADBP5\\\\ffp-2013-00013.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Effects of chemical modification on the mechanical properties of wood.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Xie, Y.; Fu, Q.; Wang, Q.; Xiao, Z.; and Militz, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n European Journal of Wood and Wood Products, 71(4): en. 2013.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n  \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@article{xie_effects_2013-1,\n\ttitle = {Effects of chemical modification on the mechanical properties of wood},\n\tvolume = {71},\n\tissn = {0018-3768},\n\tshorttitle = {Effects of chemical modification on the mechanical properties of wood},\n\tabstract = {Chemical modification has been recognized as an efficient strategy for dimensionally stabilizing wood and protecting it from environmental damage, such as deterioration due to weathering and fungal decay during the service period. Studies reported in the literature mainly concern the establishment of workable modification techniques, testing methodologies, and assessment of the durability of modified wood. The development of wood modification techniques has recently been reviewed; limited information is however given on the effects of chemical modification on the mechanical properties of wood that are of importance to it as an engineering material. This paper reviews the effects of wood modification, typically by heat treatments and impregnation with low molecular weight resins, reactive monomers, or hot melting paraffins on the mechanical properties of wood. The modifying variables associated with mechanical properties of wood such as wood species, treating temperature and time, catalyst, type of solvent, weight percent gain, and molecular structures of the modifying agent were analysed and the results interpreted. The reasons for changes in the mechanical properties of wood are discussed.},\n\tnumber = {4},\n\tjournal = {European Journal of Wood and Wood Products},\n\tauthor = {Xie, Y. and Fu, Q. and Wang, Q. and Xiao, Z. and Militz, H.},\n\tyear = {2013},\n\tkeywords = {chemical modification, mechanical properties},\n\tpages = {en},\n\tfile = {art%3A10.1007%2Fs00107-013-0693-4:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\ECZWJS87\\\\art%3A10.1007%2Fs00107-013-0693-4.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n Chemical modification has been recognized as an efficient strategy for dimensionally stabilizing wood and protecting it from environmental damage, such as deterioration due to weathering and fungal decay during the service period. Studies reported in the literature mainly concern the establishment of workable modification techniques, testing methodologies, and assessment of the durability of modified wood. The development of wood modification techniques has recently been reviewed; limited information is however given on the effects of chemical modification on the mechanical properties of wood that are of importance to it as an engineering material. This paper reviews the effects of wood modification, typically by heat treatments and impregnation with low molecular weight resins, reactive monomers, or hot melting paraffins on the mechanical properties of wood. The modifying variables associated with mechanical properties of wood such as wood species, treating temperature and time, catalyst, type of solvent, weight percent gain, and molecular structures of the modifying agent were analysed and the results interpreted. The reasons for changes in the mechanical properties of wood are discussed.\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Preliminary laboratory bioassay to evaluate engineered Fibre-boards against subterranean termites C. acinaciformis (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae).\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Ahmed, B. M.; Militz, H.; Ozarska, B.; Ali, I.; and Kloeser, L.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In May 2012. \n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n doi\n  \n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n  \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@inproceedings{ahmed_preliminary_2012,\n\ttitle = {Preliminary laboratory bioassay to evaluate engineered {Fibre}-boards against subterranean termites {C}. acinaciformis ({Isoptera}: {Rhinotermitidae})},\n\tdoi = {IRG/WP 12-10768},\n\tabstract = {In Australia, laboratory bioassays with subterranean termites typically contain groups of workers and soldiers in a substrate of moist mound material. This termite substrate may affect termite consumption, and the test materials create a favorable termite condition for the test. The main purpose of this test is to examine the effect of a melamine formaldehyde treatment of wood panels to evaluate the resistance against subterranean termites compared to untreated wood panels in the test. The orphaned termite populations were exposed to treated and untreated wood panels for over eight weeks. All the different treatments of wood panels were placed into 1 lt glass jar containers half filled with moistened mound material and five grams of foraging C. acinaciformis ({\\textasciitilde} 8\\% soldiers). The results were very conclusive with significant mass loss of the treated and untreated wood panels. Untreated panels and water treated panels showed high mass losses (40 – 60 \\%), whereas MF treated panels were barely attacked (5-7 \\% mass loss).},\n\tauthor = {Ahmed, B. M. and Militz, H. and Ozarska, B. and Ali, I. and Kloeser, L.},\n\tmonth = may,\n\tyear = {2012},\n\tkeywords = {fibre-board, laboratory and bioassay, melamine formaldehyde, Coptotermes acinaciformis, treated and untreated, microwave treatment, wood panels},\n\tfile = {IRG 12-10768:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\62DM2WXT\\\\IRG 12-10768.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n In Australia, laboratory bioassays with subterranean termites typically contain groups of workers and soldiers in a substrate of moist mound material. This termite substrate may affect termite consumption, and the test materials create a favorable termite condition for the test. The main purpose of this test is to examine the effect of a melamine formaldehyde treatment of wood panels to evaluate the resistance against subterranean termites compared to untreated wood panels in the test. The orphaned termite populations were exposed to treated and untreated wood panels for over eight weeks. All the different treatments of wood panels were placed into 1 lt glass jar containers half filled with moistened mound material and five grams of foraging C. acinaciformis (~ 8% soldiers). The results were very conclusive with significant mass loss of the treated and untreated wood panels. Untreated panels and water treated panels showed high mass losses (40 – 60 %), whereas MF treated panels were barely attacked (5-7 % mass loss).\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Fungal colonisation of outside weathered modified wood.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Pfeffer, A.; Hoegger, P. J.; Kües, U.; and Militz, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Wood Science and Technology, 46(1-3): 63–72. 2012.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n  \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@article{pfeffer_fungal_2012,\n\ttitle = {Fungal colonisation of outside weathered modified wood},\n\tvolume = {46},\n\tissn = {0043-7719},\n\tshorttitle = {Fungal colonisation of outside weathered modified wood},\n\tabstract = {Specimens of Scots pine sapwood (Pinus sylvestris L.) and beech wood (Fagus sylvatica L.) were treated with an amino-alkyl-functional oligomeric siloxane, a sodium water glass solution and 1,3-dimethylol-4,5-dihydroxyethylene urea (DMDHEU). Treated and untreated wood specimens were exposed outdoors without ground contact. After 9 months of outside exposure, all specimens showed discolouration caused by infestations of mould and staining fungi on the exposed wood surface. Fungi grown on the sample surface were isolated and identified by microscopic technique and sequencing of PCR-amplified DNA from the ITS region. Primarily, an infestation by ascomycetes and related deuteromycetes was found. The most dominant fungi were Trichoderma sp. and Epicoccum sp.. An infestation of Aureobasidium pullulans was only detected on untreated and DMDHEU-treated samples. There were only marginal differences of fungal infestation between the two wood species.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {1-3},\n\tjournal = {Wood Science and Technology},\n\tauthor = {Pfeffer, A. and Hoegger, P. J. and Kües, U. and Militz, H.},\n\tyear = {2012},\n\tpages = {63--72},\n\tfile = {art%3A10.1007%2Fs00226-010-0386-7:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\H5I9VK6C\\\\art%3A10.1007%2Fs00226-010-0386-7.pdf:application/pdf;Pfeffer2012_Article_FungalColonisationOfOutsideWea.pdf:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\WNC42AS5\\\\Pfeffer2012_Article_FungalColonisationOfOutsideWea.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n Specimens of Scots pine sapwood (Pinus sylvestris L.) and beech wood (Fagus sylvatica L.) were treated with an amino-alkyl-functional oligomeric siloxane, a sodium water glass solution and 1,3-dimethylol-4,5-dihydroxyethylene urea (DMDHEU). Treated and untreated wood specimens were exposed outdoors without ground contact. After 9 months of outside exposure, all specimens showed discolouration caused by infestations of mould and staining fungi on the exposed wood surface. Fungi grown on the sample surface were isolated and identified by microscopic technique and sequencing of PCR-amplified DNA from the ITS region. Primarily, an infestation by ascomycetes and related deuteromycetes was found. The most dominant fungi were Trichoderma sp. and Epicoccum sp.. An infestation of Aureobasidium pullulans was only detected on untreated and DMDHEU-treated samples. There were only marginal differences of fungal infestation between the two wood species.\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Thermal degradation of ethanolamine treated poly (vinyl chloride)/wood flour composites.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Müller, M.; Militz, H.; and Krause, A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Polymer Degradation and Stability, 97(2): 166–169. 2012.\n \n\n\n\n
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@article{muller_thermal_2012,\n\ttitle = {Thermal degradation of ethanolamine treated poly (vinyl chloride)/wood flour composites},\n\tvolume = {97},\n\tissn = {0141-3910},\n\tshorttitle = {Thermal degradation of ethanolamine treated poly (vinyl chloride)/wood flour composites},\n\tnumber = {2},\n\tjournal = {Polymer Degradation and Stability},\n\tauthor = {Müller, M. and Militz, H. and Krause, A.},\n\tyear = {2012},\n\tpages = {166--169},\n\tfile = {Müller et al. - 2012 - Thermal degradation of ethanolamine treated poly (.pdf:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\AHBIV9YD\\\\Müller et al. - 2012 - Thermal degradation of ethanolamine treated poly (.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Laboratory Experiments as Support for Development of In Situ Conservation Methods.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Gelbrich, J.; Kretschmar, E. I.; Lamersdorf, N.; and Militz, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Conservation and Management of Archaeological Sites, 14(1-4): 7–15. 2012.\n \n\n\n\n
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@article{gelbrich_laboratory_2012,\n\ttitle = {Laboratory {Experiments} as {Support} for {Development} of {In} {Situ} {Conservation} {Methods}},\n\tvolume = {14},\n\tissn = {1753-5522},\n\tshorttitle = {Laboratory {Experiments} as {Support} for {Development} of {In} {Situ} {Conservation} {Methods}},\n\tnumber = {1-4},\n\tjournal = {Conservation and Management of Archaeological Sites},\n\tauthor = {Gelbrich, J. and Kretschmar, E. I. and Lamersdorf, N. and Militz, H.},\n\tyear = {2012},\n\tpages = {7--15},\n\tfile = {1350503312Z%2E0000000001:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\NQKE4KHQ\\\\1350503312Z%2E0000000001.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Influence of air plasma treatment at atmospheric pressure on wood extractives.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Avramidis, G; Klarhöfer, L; Maus-Friedrichs, W; Militz, H; and Viöl, W\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Polymer Degradation and Stability, 97(3): 469–471. 2012.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@article{avramidis_influence_2012,\n\ttitle = {Influence of air plasma treatment at atmospheric pressure on wood extractives},\n\tvolume = {97},\n\tissn = {0141-3910},\n\tshorttitle = {Influence of air plasma treatment at atmospheric pressure on wood extractives},\n\tnumber = {3},\n\tjournal = {Polymer Degradation and Stability},\n\tauthor = {Avramidis, G and Klarhöfer, L and Maus-Friedrichs, W and Militz, H and Viöl, W},\n\tyear = {2012},\n\tpages = {469--471},\n\tfile = {Avramidis et al. - 2012 - Influence of air plasma treatment at atmospheric p.pdf:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\UXFXYDJ5\\\\Avramidis et al. - 2012 - Influence of air plasma treatment at atmospheric p.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Effect of Curing Conditions on Chemical Distribution and Indentation Properties of Wood Treated with Thermosetting Resins.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Klüppel, A.; Militz, H.; and Mai, C.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In Jones, D.; Militz, H.; Petrič, M.; Pohleven, F.; Humar, M.; and Pavlič, M., editor(s), pages 333–338, 2012. \n \n\n\n\n
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@inproceedings{jones_effect_2012,\n\ttitle = {Effect of {Curing} {Conditions} on {Chemical} {Distribution} and {Indentation} {Properties} of {Wood} {Treated} with {Thermosetting} {Resins}},\n\tshorttitle = {Effect of {Curing} {Conditions} on {Chemical} {Distribution} and {Indentation} {Properties} of {Wood} {Treated} with {Thermosetting} {Resins}},\n\tauthor = {Klüppel, A. and Militz, H. and Mai, C.},\n\teditor = {Jones, D. and Militz, H. and Petrič, M. and Pohleven, F. and Humar, M. and Pavlič, M.},\n\tyear = {2012},\n\tpages = {333--338},\n\tfile = {01_ECWM6_Proceedings:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\ZZ4DI76V\\\\01_ECWM6_Proceedings.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Combined N-Methylol Melamine-Colouring Agent Modification of Hardwoods to Improve their Performance under Use Class 3 Situations.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Kielmann, B. C.; Militz, H.; and Adamopoulos, S.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In Jones, D.; Militz, H.; Petrič, M.; Pohleven, F.; Humar, M.; and Pavlič, M., editor(s), pages 437–446, 2012. \n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@inproceedings{jones_combined_2012,\n\ttitle = {Combined {N}-{Methylol} {Melamine}-{Colouring} {Agent} {Modification} of {Hardwoods} to {Improve} their {Performance} under {Use} {Class} 3 {Situations}},\n\tshorttitle = {Combined {N}-{Methylol} {Melamine}-{Colouring} {Agent} {Modification} of {Hardwoods} to {Improve} their {Performance} under {Use} {Class} 3 {Situations}},\n\tauthor = {Kielmann, B. C. and Militz, H. and Adamopoulos, S.},\n\teditor = {Jones, D. and Militz, H. and Petrič, M. and Pohleven, F. and Humar, M. and Pavlič, M.},\n\tyear = {2012},\n\tpages = {437--446},\n\tfile = {01_ECWM6_Proceedings:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\VVU9IDJE\\\\01_ECWM6_Proceedings.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Amine treatment of polyvinyl chloride/wood flour composites.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Müller, M.; Grüneberg, T.; Militz, H.; and Krause, A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 124(6): 4542–4546. 2012.\n \n\n\n\n
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@article{muller_amine_2012,\n\ttitle = {Amine treatment of polyvinyl chloride/wood flour composites},\n\tvolume = {124},\n\tissn = {1097-4628},\n\tshorttitle = {Amine treatment of polyvinyl chloride/wood flour composites},\n\tnumber = {6},\n\tjournal = {Journal of Applied Polymer Science},\n\tauthor = {Müller, M. and Grüneberg, T. and Militz, H. and Krause, A.},\n\tyear = {2012},\n\tpages = {4542--4546},\n\tfile = {35482_ftp:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\CQP4MAT3\\\\35482_ftp.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Comparing Properties of Heat Treated Timber from Different Commercial Modification Processes.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Mahnert, K. C.; and Militz, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In Jones, D.; Militz, H.; Petrič, M.; Pohleven, F.; Humar, M.; and Pavlič, M., editor(s), pages 293–296, 2012. \n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@inproceedings{jones_comparing_2012,\n\ttitle = {Comparing {Properties} of {Heat} {Treated} {Timber} from {Different} {Commercial} {Modification} {Processes}},\n\tshorttitle = {Comparing {Properties} of {Heat} {Treated} {Timber} from {Different} {Commercial} {Modification} {Processes}},\n\tauthor = {Mahnert, K. C. and Militz, H.},\n\teditor = {Jones, D. and Militz, H. and Petrič, M. and Pohleven, F. and Humar, M. and Pavlič, M.},\n\tyear = {2012},\n\tpages = {293--296},\n\tfile = {01_ECWM6_Proceedings:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\BQZ8V46E\\\\01_ECWM6_Proceedings.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Verfahren zur Behandlung von Holz und Holzwerkstoffen sowie damit erhältliches Holz und Holzwerkstoffe.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Lürssen, F.; Militz, H.; and Mahnert, K. C.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n 2012.\n \n\n\n\n
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@patent{lurssen_verfahren_2012,\n\ttitle = {Verfahren zur {Behandlung} von {Holz} und {Holzwerkstoffen} sowie damit erhältliches {Holz} und {Holzwerkstoffe}},\n\tshorttitle = {Verfahren zur {Behandlung} von {Holz} und {Holzwerkstoffen} sowie damit erhältliches {Holz} und {Holzwerkstoffe}},\n\tauthor = {Lürssen, F. and Militz, H. and Mahnert, K. C.},\n\tyear = {2012},\n\tfile = {WO002012062857A2_1:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\CVDJWQQG\\\\WO002012062857A2_1.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Resistance of Modified Wood to the Common Shipworm (Teredo navalis) as Assessed by Marine Trial.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Klüppel, A.; Militz, H.; and Mai, C.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In Jones, D.; Militz, H.; Petrič, M.; Pohleven, F.; Humar, M.; and Pavlič, M., editor(s), pages 239–242, 2012. \n \n\n\n\n
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@inproceedings{jones_resistance_2012,\n\ttitle = {Resistance of {Modified} {Wood} to the {Common} {Shipworm} ({Teredo} navalis) as {Assessed} by {Marine} {Trial}},\n\tshorttitle = {Resistance of {Modified} {Wood} to the {Common} {Shipworm} ({Teredo} navalis) as {Assessed} by {Marine} {Trial}},\n\tauthor = {Klüppel, A. and Militz, H. and Mai, C.},\n\teditor = {Jones, D. and Militz, H. and Petrič, M. and Pohleven, F. and Humar, M. and Pavlič, M.},\n\tyear = {2012},\n\tpages = {239--242},\n\tfile = {01_ECWM6_Proceedings:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\D3E73MNZ\\\\01_ECWM6_Proceedings.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Evaluation of bacterial wood degradation by Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) measurements.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Gelbrich, J.; Mai, C.; and Militz, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Journal of Cultural Heritage, 13(3): S135–S138. 2012.\n \n\n\n\n
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@article{gelbrich_evaluation_2012,\n\ttitle = {Evaluation of bacterial wood degradation by {Fourier} {Transform} {Infrared} ({FTIR}) measurements},\n\tvolume = {13},\n\tissn = {1296-2074},\n\tshorttitle = {Evaluation of bacterial wood degradation by {Fourier} {Transform} {Infrared} ({FTIR}) measurements},\n\tnumber = {3},\n\tjournal = {Journal of Cultural Heritage},\n\tauthor = {Gelbrich, J. and Mai, C. and Militz, H.},\n\tyear = {2012},\n\tpages = {S135--S138},\n\tfile = {1-s2.0-S1296207412000520-main:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\5KT7MF9R\\\\1-s2.0-S1296207412000520-main.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Functionalized Polyorganosil Oxanes or Silanes for the Treatment of LignocelluIosic Materials.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Delis, J. G. P.; Klaassen, E.; Hermann, J. W.; Militz, H.; Mai, C.; Pries, M.; Wagner, R.; Sockel, K. H.; Stachulla, K. H.; Käsler, K. H.; and Hoffmüller, G.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n 2012.\n \n\n\n\n
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@patent{delis_functionalized_2012,\n\ttitle = {Functionalized {Polyorganosil} {Oxanes} or {Silanes} for the {Treatment} of {LignocelluIosic} {Materials}},\n\tshorttitle = {Functionalized {Polyorganosil} {Oxanes} or {Silanes} for the {Treatment} of {LignocelluIosic} {Materials}},\n\tauthor = {Delis, J. G. P. and Klaassen, E. and Hermann, J. W. and Militz, H. and Mai, C. and Pries, M. and Wagner, R. and Sockel, K. H. and Stachulla, K. H. and Käsler, K. H. and Hoffmüller, G.},\n\tyear = {2012},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n The Impact of Various Modification Processes on the Structural Integrity of Wood.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Brischke, C.; Zimmer, K.; Ulvcrona, T.; Bollmus, S.; Welzbacher, C. R.; and Thomsen, O.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In Jones, D.; Militz, H.; Petrič, M.; Pohleven, F.; Humar, M.; and Pavlič, M., editor(s), pages 91–98, 2012. \n \n\n\n\n
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@inproceedings{jones_impact_2012,\n\ttitle = {The {Impact} of {Various} {Modification} {Processes} on the {Structural} {Integrity} of {Wood}},\n\tshorttitle = {The {Impact} of {Various} {Modification} {Processes} on the {Structural} {Integrity} of {Wood}},\n\tauthor = {Brischke, C. and Zimmer, K. and Ulvcrona, T. and Bollmus, S. and Welzbacher, C. R. and Thomsen, O.},\n\teditor = {Jones, D. and Militz, H. and Petrič, M. and Pohleven, F. and Humar, M. and Pavlič, M.},\n\tyear = {2012},\n\tpages = {91--98},\n\tfile = {01_ECWM6_Proceedings:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\8GDHFZGM\\\\01_ECWM6_Proceedings.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Use of Furfurylated Wood for the Production of Windows. Results from the WinFur Project.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Bollmus, S.; Treu, A.; Westin, M.; Brynildsen, P.; and Militz, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In Jones, D.; Militz, H.; Petrič, M.; Pohleven, F.; Humar, M.; and Pavlič, M., editor(s), pages 99–108, 2012. \n \n\n\n\n
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@inproceedings{jones_use_2012,\n\ttitle = {Use of {Furfurylated} {Wood} for the {Production} of {Windows}. {Results} from the {WinFur} {Project}.},\n\tshorttitle = {Use of {Furfurylated} {Wood} for the {Production} of {Windows}. {Results} from the {WinFur} {Project}.},\n\tauthor = {Bollmus, S. and Treu, A. and Westin, M. and Brynildsen, P. and Militz, H.},\n\teditor = {Jones, D. and Militz, H. and Petrič, M. and Pohleven, F. and Humar, M. and Pavlič, M.},\n\tyear = {2012},\n\tpages = {99--108},\n\tfile = {01_ECWM6_Proceedings:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\CGNB7VN3\\\\01_ECWM6_Proceedings.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Influencing the Crack Formation in Thermally Modified Wood.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Altgen, M.; Adamopoulos, S.; Ala-Viikari, J.; Hukka, A.; Tetri, T.; and Militz, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In Jones, D.; Militz, H.; Petrič, M.; Pohleven, F.; Humar, M.; and Pavlič, M., editor(s), pages 149–158, 2012. \n \n\n\n\n
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@inproceedings{jones_influencing_2012,\n\ttitle = {Influencing the {Crack} {Formation} in {Thermally} {Modified} {Wood}},\n\tshorttitle = {Influencing the {Crack} {Formation} in {Thermally} {Modified} {Wood}},\n\tauthor = {Altgen, M. and Adamopoulos, S. and Ala-Viikari, J. and Hukka, A. and Tetri, T. and Militz, H.},\n\teditor = {Jones, D. and Militz, H. and Petrič, M. and Pohleven, F. and Humar, M. and Pavlič, M.},\n\tyear = {2012},\n\tpages = {149--158},\n\tfile = {01_ECWM6_Proceedings:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\SHAD5R7T\\\\01_ECWM6_Proceedings.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Decay Resistance of Modified Wood? A Review.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Alfredsen, G.; Flæte, P. O.; and Militz, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In Jones, D.; Militz, H.; Petrič, M.; Pohleven, F.; Humar, M.; and Pavlič, M., editor(s), pages 109–11, 2012. \n \n\n\n\n
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@inproceedings{jones_decay_2012,\n\ttitle = {Decay {Resistance} of {Modified} {Wood}? {A} {Review}},\n\tshorttitle = {Decay {Resistance} of {Modified} {Wood}? {A} {Review}},\n\tauthor = {Alfredsen, G. and Flæte, P. O. and Militz, H.},\n\teditor = {Jones, D. and Militz, H. and Petrič, M. and Pohleven, F. and Humar, M. and Pavlič, M.},\n\tyear = {2012},\n\tpages = {109--11},\n\tfile = {01_ECWM6_Proceedings:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\58MHTIU7\\\\01_ECWM6_Proceedings.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Resistance of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) wood modified with functionalized commercial silicone emulsions against subterranean termites.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Ghosh, S. C.; Peters, B. C.; Fitzgerald, C. J.; Militz, H.; and Mai, C.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Wood science and technology, 46(6): 1033–1041. 2012.\n \n\n\n\n
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@article{ghosh_resistance_2012,\n\ttitle = {Resistance of {Scots} pine ({Pinus} sylvestris {L}.) wood modified with functionalized commercial silicone emulsions against subterranean termites},\n\tvolume = {46},\n\tshorttitle = {Resistance of {Scots} pine ({Pinus} sylvestris {L}.) wood modified with functionalized commercial silicone emulsions against subterranean termites},\n\tnumber = {6},\n\tjournal = {Wood science and technology},\n\tauthor = {Ghosh, S. C. and Peters, B. C. and Fitzgerald, C. J. and Militz, H. and Mai, C.},\n\tyear = {2012},\n\tpages = {1033--1041},\n\tfile = {Resistance of Scots pine wood modified against subterranean termites:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\ZWN2D4QD\\\\Resistance of Scots pine wood modified against subterranean termites.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Resistance of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) wood modified with functionalized commercial silicone emulsions against subterranean termites.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Ghosh, S. C.; Peters, B. C.; Fitzgerald, C. J.; Militz, H.; and Mai, C.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Wood science and technology, 46(6): 1033–1041. 2012.\n \n\n\n\n
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@article{ghosh_resistance_2012-1,\n\ttitle = {Resistance of {Scots} pine ({Pinus} sylvestris {L}.) wood modified with functionalized commercial silicone emulsions against subterranean termites},\n\tvolume = {46},\n\tissn = {0043-7719},\n\tshorttitle = {Resistance of {Scots} pine ({Pinus} sylvestris {L}.) wood modified with functionalized commercial silicone emulsions against subterranean termites},\n\tnumber = {6},\n\tjournal = {Wood science and technology},\n\tauthor = {Ghosh, S. C. and Peters, B. C. and Fitzgerald, C. J. and Militz, H. and Mai, C.},\n\tyear = {2012},\n\tpages = {1033--1041},\n\tfile = {art%3A10.1007%2Fs00226-012-0464-0:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\K6HUETQU\\\\art%3A10.1007%2Fs00226-012-0464-0.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Effect of quat-and amino-silicones on fungal colonisation and decay of wood.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Ghosh, S. C.; Dyckmans, J.; Militz, H.; and Mai, C.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Holzforschung, 66(8): 1009–1015. 2012.\n \n\n\n\n
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@article{ghosh_effect_2012,\n\ttitle = {Effect of quat-and amino-silicones on fungal colonisation and decay of wood},\n\tvolume = {66},\n\tissn = {1437-434X},\n\tshorttitle = {Effect of quat-and amino-silicones on fungal colonisation and decay of wood},\n\tnumber = {8},\n\tjournal = {Holzforschung},\n\tauthor = {Ghosh, S. C. and Dyckmans, J. and Militz, H. and Mai, C.},\n\tyear = {2012},\n\tpages = {1009--1015},\n\tfile = {hf-2012-0024:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\IVM42DVC\\\\hf-2012-0024.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Influence of Moisture Conditions on the Colonisation of Modified wood by Sapstaining Fungi during Outside Weathering.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Gellerich, A.; Bollmus, S.; Militz, H.; and Krause, A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In Jones, D.; Militz, H.; Petrič, M.; Pohleven, F.; Humar, M.; and Pavlič, M., editor(s), pages 127–136, 2012. \n \n\n\n\n
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@inproceedings{jones_influence_2012,\n\ttitle = {Influence of {Moisture} {Conditions} on the {Colonisation} of {Modified} wood by {Sapstaining} {Fungi} during {Outside} {Weathering}},\n\tshorttitle = {Influence of {Moisture} {Conditions} on the {Colonisation} of {Modified} wood by {Sapstaining} {Fungi} during {Outside} {Weathering}},\n\tauthor = {Gellerich, A. and Bollmus, S. and Militz, H. and Krause, A.},\n\teditor = {Jones, D. and Militz, H. and Petrič, M. and Pohleven, F. and Humar, M. and Pavlič, M.},\n\tyear = {2012},\n\tpages = {127--136},\n\tfile = {01_ECWM6_Proceedings:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\8VEB6QAT\\\\01_ECWM6_Proceedings.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Modification of Beech Veneers with Low Molecular Weight Phenol Formaldehyde for the Production of Plywood: Durability and Mechanical Properties.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Bicke, S.; Mai, C.; and Militz, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In Jones, D.; Militz, H.; Petrič, M.; Pohleven, F.; Humar, M.; and Pavlič, M., editor(s), pages 363–366, 2012. \n \n\n\n\n
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@inproceedings{jones_modification_2012,\n\ttitle = {Modification of {Beech} {Veneers} with {Low} {Molecular} {Weight} {Phenol} {Formaldehyde} for the {Production} of {Plywood}: {Durability} and {Mechanical} {Properties}},\n\tshorttitle = {Modification of {Beech} {Veneers} with {Low} {Molecular} {Weight} {Phenol} {Formaldehyde} for the {Production} of {Plywood}: {Durability} and {Mechanical} {Properties}},\n\tauthor = {Bicke, S. and Mai, C. and Militz, H.},\n\teditor = {Jones, D. and Militz, H. and Petrič, M. and Pohleven, F. and Humar, M. and Pavlič, M.},\n\tyear = {2012},\n\tpages = {363--366},\n\tfile = {01_ECWM6_Proceedings:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\CKNATJA9\\\\01_ECWM6_Proceedings.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Bestimmung der Behandlungsqualität von Thermoholz mithilfe von Schnellverfahren. Teil 1: Elektronenspin-Resonanz-Spektroskopie.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Altgen, M.; Welzbacher, C.; Humar, M.; Willems, W.; and Militz, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Holztechnologie, 53(6): 44–49. 2012.\n \n\n\n\n
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@article{altgen_bestimmung_2012,\n\ttitle = {Bestimmung der {Behandlungsqualität} von {Thermoholz} mithilfe von {Schnellverfahren}. {Teil} 1: {Elektronenspin}-{Resonanz}-{Spektroskopie}},\n\tvolume = {53},\n\tshorttitle = {Bestimmung der {Behandlungsqualität} von {Thermoholz} mithilfe von {Schnellverfahren}. {Teil} 1: {Elektronenspin}-{Resonanz}-{Spektroskopie}},\n\tnumber = {6},\n\tjournal = {Holztechnologie},\n\tauthor = {Altgen, M. and Welzbacher, C. and Humar, M. and Willems, W. and Militz, H.},\n\tyear = {2012},\n\tpages = {44--49},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Improved absorption characteristics of thermally modified beech veneer produced by plasma treatment.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Avramidis, G.; Militz, H.; Avar, I.; Viöl, W.; and Wolkenhauer, A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n European Journal of Wood and Wood Products, 70(5): 545–549. 2012.\n \n\n\n\n
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@article{avramidis_improved_2012,\n\ttitle = {Improved absorption characteristics of thermally modified beech veneer produced by plasma treatment},\n\tvolume = {70},\n\tissn = {0018-3768},\n\tshorttitle = {Improved absorption characteristics of thermally modified beech veneer produced by plasma treatment},\n\tnumber = {5},\n\tjournal = {European Journal of Wood and Wood Products},\n\tauthor = {Avramidis, G. and Militz, H. and Avar, I. and Viöl, W. and Wolkenhauer, A.},\n\tyear = {2012},\n\tpages = {545--549},\n\tfile = {art%3A10.1007%2Fs00107-011-0581-8:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\W2PPS96F\\\\art%3A10.1007%2Fs00107-011-0581-8.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Weathering characteristics of wood treated with water glass, siloxane or DMDHEU.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Pfeffer, A.; Mai, C.; and Militz, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n European Journal of Wood and Wood Products, 70(1-3): 165–176. 2012.\n \n\n\n\n
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@article{pfeffer_weathering_2012,\n\ttitle = {Weathering characteristics of wood treated with water glass, siloxane or {DMDHEU}},\n\tvolume = {70},\n\tissn = {0018-3768},\n\tshorttitle = {Weathering characteristics of wood treated with water glass, siloxane or {DMDHEU}},\n\tnumber = {1-3},\n\tjournal = {European Journal of Wood and Wood Products},\n\tauthor = {Pfeffer, A. and Mai, C. and Militz, H.},\n\tyear = {2012},\n\tpages = {165--176},\n\tfile = {art%3A10.1007%2Fs00107-011-0520-8:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\XGKPWBAP\\\\art%3A10.1007%2Fs00107-011-0520-8.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Influence of various wood modifications on the properties of polyvinyl chloride/wood flour composites.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Müller, M.; Radovanovic, I.; Grüneberg, T.; Militz, H.; and Krause, A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 125(1): 308–312. 2012.\n \n\n\n\n
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@article{muller_influence_2012,\n\ttitle = {Influence of various wood modifications on the properties of polyvinyl chloride/wood flour composites},\n\tvolume = {125},\n\tissn = {1097-4628},\n\tshorttitle = {Influence of various wood modifications on the properties of polyvinyl chloride/wood flour composites},\n\tnumber = {1},\n\tjournal = {Journal of Applied Polymer Science},\n\tauthor = {Müller, M. and Radovanovic, I. and Grüneberg, T. and Militz, H. and Krause, A.},\n\tyear = {2012},\n\tpages = {308--312},\n\tfile = {34647_ftp:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\JB3QJGJK\\\\34647_ftp.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Soft rot decay in acetylated wood. Chemical and anatomical changes in decayed wood.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Mohebby, B.; and Militz, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In pages 13, May 2012. IRG Secretary Stockholm, Sweden\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n \"SoftPaper\n  \n \n\n \n \n doi\n  \n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n  \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@inproceedings{mohebby_soft_2012,\n\ttitle = {Soft rot decay in acetylated wood. {Chemical} and anatomical changes in decayed wood},\n\turl = {2002\\IRG 02-40231.pdf  Section},\n\tdoi = {IRG/WP 02-40231},\n\tabstract = {"Acetylated Beech (Fagus sylvatica) and Scots Pine (Pinus sylvestris) wood were studied in soil beds under laboratory conditions for longer periods. High mass losses and dynamic MOE losses were measured in non-acetylated wood and at lower weight percent gains (WPG). Rapid losses of lignin, holocellulose and ?-cellulose occurred in non-acetylated beech wood and no losses were detected at the highest WPG. Changes in chemical composition of acetylated beech wood at lower WPGs was measured. Slight changes in chemical composition of non-acetylated Scots pine wood were also observed and minor changes in acetylated wood at all WPGs; except in holocellulose. An intensive anatomical study was performed by light microscopy and SEM microscopy. The results are presented and discussed. Results showed a significant prevention of acetylation against fungal growth above 8 \\% and 10 \\% WPGs in beech and pine respectively."},\n\tpublisher = {IRG Secretary Stockholm, Sweden},\n\tauthor = {Mohebby, B. and Militz, H.},\n\tmonth = may,\n\tyear = {2012},\n\tkeywords = {Beech (Fagus sylvatica), acetylation, lignin, ?-cellulose, dynamic MOE loss, holocellulose, Mass loss, Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris), Soft rot decay},\n\tpages = {13},\n\tannote = {"Germany; Belgium"},\n\tfile = {IRG 02-40231:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\4MGRKJB7\\\\IRG 02-40231.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n \"Acetylated Beech (Fagus sylvatica) and Scots Pine (Pinus sylvestris) wood were studied in soil beds under laboratory conditions for longer periods. High mass losses and dynamic MOE losses were measured in non-acetylated wood and at lower weight percent gains (WPG). Rapid losses of lignin, holocellulose and ?-cellulose occurred in non-acetylated beech wood and no losses were detected at the highest WPG. Changes in chemical composition of acetylated beech wood at lower WPGs was measured. Slight changes in chemical composition of non-acetylated Scots pine wood were also observed and minor changes in acetylated wood at all WPGs; except in holocellulose. An intensive anatomical study was performed by light microscopy and SEM microscopy. The results are presented and discussed. Results showed a significant prevention of acetylation against fungal growth above 8 % and 10 % WPGs in beech and pine respectively.\"\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Fire retardancy effects in single and double layered sol–gel derived TiO2 and SiO2-wood composites.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Mahr, M. S.; Hübert, T.; Schartel, B.; Bahr, H.; Sabel, M.; and Militz, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology, 64(2): 452–464. November 2012.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n \"FirePaper\n  \n \n\n \n \n doi\n  \n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@article{mahr_fire_2012,\n\ttitle = {Fire retardancy effects in single and double layered sol–gel derived {TiO2} and {SiO2}-wood composites},\n\tvolume = {64},\n\tissn = {0928-0707},\n\tshorttitle = {Fire retardancy effects in single and double layered sol–gel derived {TiO2} and {SiO2}-wood composites},\n\turl = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10971-012-2877-5},\n\tdoi = {10.1007/s10971-012-2877-5},\n\tlanguage = {English},\n\tnumber = {2},\n\tjournal = {Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology},\n\tauthor = {Mahr, M. S. and Hübert, T. and Schartel, B. and Bahr, H. and Sabel, M. and Militz, H.},\n\tmonth = nov,\n\tyear = {2012},\n\tkeywords = {composite materials, Cone calorimeter, Fire retardance, flammability, Sol–gel, wood},\n\tpages = {452--464},\n\tfile = {art%3A10.1007%2Fs10971-012-2877-5:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\PHEQF6IA\\\\art%3A10.1007%2Fs10971-012-2877-5.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Mechanical Properties and Creep Performances of Chemical Modified Portuguese Wood.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Lopes, D. B.; Mai, C.; and Militz, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In Jones, D.; Militz, H.; Petrič, M.; Pohleven, F.; Humar, M.; and Pavlič, M., editor(s), pages 55–62, 2012. \n \n\n\n\n
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@inproceedings{jones_mechanical_2012,\n\ttitle = {Mechanical {Properties} and {Creep} {Performances} of {Chemical} {Modified} {Portuguese} {Wood}},\n\tshorttitle = {Mechanical {Properties} and {Creep} {Performances} of {Chemical} {Modified} {Portuguese} {Wood}},\n\tauthor = {Lopes, D. B. and Mai, C. and Militz, H.},\n\teditor = {Jones, D. and Militz, H. and Petrič, M. and Pohleven, F. and Humar, M. and Pavlič, M.},\n\tyear = {2012},\n\tpages = {55--62},\n\tfile = {01_ECWM6_Proceedings:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\6B6ZZHA9\\\\01_ECWM6_Proceedings.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Thermal Wood Modification Chemistry Analysed using a van Krevelen Representation.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Willems, W.; Mai, C.; and Militz, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In Jones, D.; Militz, H.; Petrič, M.; Pohleven, F.; Humar, M.; and Pavlič, M ., editor(s), pages 497–504, 2012. \n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@inproceedings{jones_thermal_2012,\n\ttitle = {Thermal {Wood} {Modification} {Chemistry} {Analysed} using a van {Krevelen} {Representation}},\n\tshorttitle = {Thermal {Wood} {Modification} {Chemistry} {Analysed} using a van {Krevelen} {Representation}},\n\tauthor = {Willems, W. and Mai, C. and Militz, H.},\n\teditor = {Jones, D. and Militz, H. and Petrič, M. and Pohleven, F. and Humar, M. and Pavlič, M .},\n\tyear = {2012},\n\tpages = {497--504},\n\tfile = {01_ECWM6_Proceedings:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\SCI2RH2G\\\\01_ECWM6_Proceedings.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Modification of beech veneers with N-methylol melamine compounds for the production of plywood: natural weathering.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Trinh, H. M.; Militz, H.; and Mai, C.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n European Journal of Wood and Wood Products, 70(1-3): 279–286. 2012.\n \n\n\n\n
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@article{trinh_modification_2012,\n\ttitle = {Modification of beech veneers with {N}-methylol melamine compounds for the production of plywood: natural weathering},\n\tvolume = {70},\n\tissn = {0018-3768},\n\tshorttitle = {Modification of beech veneers with {N}-methylol melamine compounds for the production of plywood: natural weathering},\n\tnumber = {1-3},\n\tjournal = {European Journal of Wood and Wood Products},\n\tauthor = {Trinh, H. M. and Militz, H. and Mai, C.},\n\tyear = {2012},\n\tpages = {279--286},\n\tfile = {art%3A10.1007%2Fs00107-011-0554-y:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\H6KDC5CI\\\\art%3A10.1007%2Fs00107-011-0554-y.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Evaluation of wooden materials deteriorated by marine-wood boring organisms in the Black Sea.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Sivrikaya, H.; Hafizoglu, H.; Cragg, S. M.; Carrillo, A.; Militz, H.; Mai, C.; and Borges, L. M. S.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Maderas. Ciencia y tecnología, 14(1): 79–90. 2012.\n \n\n\n\n
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@article{sivrikaya_evaluation_2012,\n\ttitle = {Evaluation of wooden materials deteriorated by marine-wood boring organisms in the {Black} {Sea}},\n\tvolume = {14},\n\tissn = {0718-221X},\n\tshorttitle = {Evaluation of wooden materials deteriorated by marine-wood boring organisms in the {Black} {Sea}},\n\tnumber = {1},\n\tjournal = {Maderas. Ciencia y tecnología},\n\tauthor = {Sivrikaya, H. and Hafizoglu, H. and Cragg, S. M. and Carrillo, A. and Militz, H. and Mai, C. and Borges, L. M. S.},\n\tyear = {2012},\n\tpages = {79--90},\n\tfile = {20123254661:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\36P9UAME\\\\20123254661.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Volltränkung modifizierten Holzes mit Wachs.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Scholz, G.; Krause, A.; and Militz, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n European Journal of Wood and Wood Products, 70(1-3): 91–98. 2012.\n \n\n\n\n
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@article{scholz_volltrankung_2012,\n\ttitle = {Volltränkung modifizierten {Holzes} mit {Wachs}},\n\tvolume = {70},\n\tissn = {0018-3768},\n\tshorttitle = {Volltränkung modifizierten {Holzes} mit {Wachs}},\n\tnumber = {1-3},\n\tjournal = {European Journal of Wood and Wood Products},\n\tauthor = {Scholz, G. and Krause, A. and Militz, H.},\n\tyear = {2012},\n\tpages = {91--98},\n\tfile = {art%3A10.1007%2Fs00107-010-0485-z:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\STSD6SRQ\\\\art%3A10.1007%2Fs00107-010-0485-z.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Resistance of Pinus leucodermis heartwood and sapwood against the brown-rot fungus Coniophora puteana.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Adamopoulos, S.; Gellerich, A.; Mantanis, G.; Kalaitzi, T.; and Militz, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Wood Material Science and Engineering, 7(4): 242–244. 2012.\n \n\n\n\n
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@article{adamopoulos_resistance_2012,\n\ttitle = {Resistance of {Pinus} leucodermis heartwood and sapwood against the brown-rot fungus {Coniophora} puteana},\n\tvolume = {7},\n\tissn = {1748-0272},\n\tshorttitle = {Resistance of {Pinus} leucodermis heartwood and sapwood against the brown-rot fungus {Coniophora} puteana},\n\tnumber = {4},\n\tjournal = {Wood Material Science and Engineering},\n\tauthor = {Adamopoulos, S. and Gellerich, A. and Mantanis, G. and Kalaitzi, T. and Militz, H.},\n\tyear = {2012},\n\tpages = {242--244},\n\tfile = {17480272%2E2012%2E684705:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\6ADECRA2\\\\17480272%2E2012%2E684705.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Fire retardancy of sol–gel derived titania wood-inorganic composites.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Mahr, M. S.; Hübert, T.; Sabel, M.; Schartel, B.; Bahr, H.; and Militz, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Journal of Material Science, 47(19): 6849–6861. 2012.\n \n\n\n\n
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@article{mahr_fire_2012-1,\n\ttitle = {Fire retardancy of sol–gel derived titania wood-inorganic composites},\n\tvolume = {47},\n\tissn = {0022-2461},\n\tshorttitle = {Fire retardancy of sol–gel derived titania wood-inorganic composites},\n\tnumber = {19},\n\tjournal = {Journal of Material Science},\n\tauthor = {Mahr, M. S. and Hübert, T. and Sabel, M. and Schartel, B. and Bahr, H. and Militz, H.},\n\tyear = {2012},\n\tpages = {6849--6861},\n\tfile = {art%3A10.1007%2Fs10853-012-6628-3:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\543ZZMRV\\\\art%3A10.1007%2Fs10853-012-6628-3.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Weathering Performance of Coatings on Acetylated, Furfurylated and Heat Treated Wood at Two Exposure Sites in Europe.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Podgorski, L.; Grüll, G.; Truskaller, M.; Lanvin, J. D.; Georges, V.; and Bollmus, S.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In Jones, D.; Militz, H.; Petrič, M.; Pohleven, F.; Humar, M.; and Pavlič, M., editor(s), pages 311–316, 2012. \n \n\n\n\n
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@inproceedings{jones_weathering_2012,\n\ttitle = {Weathering {Performance} of {Coatings} on {Acetylated}, {Furfurylated} and {Heat} {Treated} {Wood} at {Two} {Exposure} {Sites} in {Europe}},\n\tshorttitle = {Weathering {Performance} of {Coatings} on {Acetylated}, {Furfurylated} and {Heat} {Treated} {Wood} at {Two} {Exposure} {Sites} in {Europe}},\n\tauthor = {Podgorski, L. and Grüll, G. and Truskaller, M. and Lanvin, J. D. and Georges, V. and Bollmus, S.},\n\teditor = {Jones, D. and Militz, H. and Petrič, M. and Pohleven, F. and Humar, M. and Pavlič, M.},\n\tyear = {2012},\n\tpages = {311--316},\n\tfile = {01_ECWM6_Proceedings:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\G2RZCGJ3\\\\01_ECWM6_Proceedings.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Bonding Quality of Plywood Produced from Beech Veneers Treated with N-methylol Melamine Compounds and Alkyl Ketene Dimer.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Trinh, H. M.; Militz, H.; and Mai, C.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In Jones, D.; Militz, H.; Petrič, M.; Pohleven, F.; Humar, M.; and Pavlič, M ., editor(s), pages 343–348, 2012. \n \n\n\n\n
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@inproceedings{jones_bonding_2012,\n\ttitle = {Bonding {Quality} of {Plywood} {Produced} from {Beech} {Veneers} {Treated} with {N}-methylol {Melamine} {Compounds} and {Alkyl} {Ketene} {Dimer}},\n\tshorttitle = {Bonding {Quality} of {Plywood} {Produced} from {Beech} {Veneers} {Treated} with {N}-methylol {Melamine} {Compounds} and {Alkyl} {Ketene} {Dimer}},\n\tauthor = {Trinh, H. M. and Militz, H. and Mai, C.},\n\teditor = {Jones, D. and Militz, H. and Petrič, M. and Pohleven, F. and Humar, M. and Pavlič, M .},\n\tyear = {2012},\n\tpages = {343--348},\n\tfile = {01_ECWM6_Proceedings:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\75KK4XBE\\\\01_ECWM6_Proceedings.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Dauerhaftigkeit von modifiziertem Holz im Meerwasser.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Klüppel, A.; Cragg, S.; Liebezeit, G.; Müller, J.; Militz, H.; and Mai, C.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In pages 52–62, 2012. Deutsche Gesellschaft für Holzforschung (DGfH)\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n  \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@inproceedings{kluppel_dauerhaftigkeit_2012,\n\ttitle = {Dauerhaftigkeit von modifiziertem {Holz} im {Meerwasser}},\n\tshorttitle = {Dauerhaftigkeit von modifiziertem {Holz} im {Meerwasser}},\n\tabstract = {In einem Feldtest (DIN EN 275, 1992) und einem Labortest wurde die Resistenz verschiedener Materialien gegen die Meerwasserschädlinge Teredo navalis und Limnoria quadripunctata bestimmt. Der Feldtest wurde an jeweils einem Standort in der Nord- und Ostsee über einen Zeitraum von drei bzw. vier Jahren durchgeführt. An beiden Prüffeldern wurde Teredo navalis als einziger Holzzerstörer identifiziert. Bei dem Labortest handelte es um einen Fütterungsversuch, bei dem die Kotwalzenproduktionsrate der Asseln als Maß für die Resistenz des entsprechenden Materials diente. Kiefer (Pinus sylvestris) Splintholz wurde mit verschiedenen Kondensationsharzen (Phenol-Formaldehyd, PF; methyliertes Melamin-Formaldehyd, MMF; Di-methylol-di-hydroxy-ethylen-harnstoff, DMDHEU), Tetraethoxysilan (TEOS) oder einem kupferorganischen Holzschutzmittel behandelt. Zusätzlich wurden acetylierte Radiata Kiefer (Pinus radiata) und WPC (Holz Kunststoffkomposite) mit einem Holzanteil von 50 \\% und 60 \\% getestet. In beiden Versuchen zeigten die meisten Materialien eine hohe Resistenz. Nur mit TEOS und 10\\%-igem MMF behandelte Proben wurden bereits nach kurzer Prüfdauer befallen. Von den so behandelten Hölzern wurden auch die meisten Kotwalzen produziert. Ein effektiver Schutz gegen Meerwasserschädlinge durch Holzmodifizierung scheint nur bei ausreichend hohen Beladungsgraden und Zellwandeindringung gewährleistet zu sein. Die mit dem kupferorganischen Holzschutzmittel behandelten Proben wurden im Feldtest ebenfalls stark befallen. Dies ist wahrscheinlich auf die Auswaschung des Mittels zurückzuführen. Der Labortest eignet sich nicht zur Prüfung von Materialien, die auswaschbare Substanzen enthalten, da deren Anreicherung im Wasser das Ergebnis beeinflusst.},\n\tpublisher = {Deutsche Gesellschaft für Holzforschung (DGfH)},\n\tauthor = {Klüppel, A. and Cragg, S. and Liebezeit, G. and Müller, J. and Militz, H. and Mai, C.},\n\tyear = {2012},\n\tpages = {52--62},\n\tfile = {Klüppel 2012 Deutsche Holzschutztagung.pdf:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\42KB54MW\\\\Klüppel 2012 Deutsche Holzschutztagung.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n In einem Feldtest (DIN EN 275, 1992) und einem Labortest wurde die Resistenz verschiedener Materialien gegen die Meerwasserschädlinge Teredo navalis und Limnoria quadripunctata bestimmt. Der Feldtest wurde an jeweils einem Standort in der Nord- und Ostsee über einen Zeitraum von drei bzw. vier Jahren durchgeführt. An beiden Prüffeldern wurde Teredo navalis als einziger Holzzerstörer identifiziert. Bei dem Labortest handelte es um einen Fütterungsversuch, bei dem die Kotwalzenproduktionsrate der Asseln als Maß für die Resistenz des entsprechenden Materials diente. Kiefer (Pinus sylvestris) Splintholz wurde mit verschiedenen Kondensationsharzen (Phenol-Formaldehyd, PF; methyliertes Melamin-Formaldehyd, MMF; Di-methylol-di-hydroxy-ethylen-harnstoff, DMDHEU), Tetraethoxysilan (TEOS) oder einem kupferorganischen Holzschutzmittel behandelt. Zusätzlich wurden acetylierte Radiata Kiefer (Pinus radiata) und WPC (Holz Kunststoffkomposite) mit einem Holzanteil von 50 % und 60 % getestet. In beiden Versuchen zeigten die meisten Materialien eine hohe Resistenz. Nur mit TEOS und 10%-igem MMF behandelte Proben wurden bereits nach kurzer Prüfdauer befallen. Von den so behandelten Hölzern wurden auch die meisten Kotwalzen produziert. Ein effektiver Schutz gegen Meerwasserschädlinge durch Holzmodifizierung scheint nur bei ausreichend hohen Beladungsgraden und Zellwandeindringung gewährleistet zu sein. Die mit dem kupferorganischen Holzschutzmittel behandelten Proben wurden im Feldtest ebenfalls stark befallen. Dies ist wahrscheinlich auf die Auswaschung des Mittels zurückzuführen. Der Labortest eignet sich nicht zur Prüfung von Materialien, die auswaschbare Substanzen enthalten, da deren Anreicherung im Wasser das Ergebnis beeinflusst.\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Modification of beech veneers with N-methylol-melamine compounds for the production of plywood.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Trinh, H. M.; Militz, H.; and Mai, C.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n European Journal of Wood and Wood Products, 70(4): 421–432. July 2012.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n \"ModificationPaper\n  \n \n\n \n \n doi\n  \n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@article{trinh_modification_2012-1,\n\ttitle = {Modification of beech veneers with {N}-methylol-melamine compounds for the production of plywood},\n\tvolume = {70},\n\tissn = {0018-3768, 1436-736X},\n\turl = {http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s00107-011-0569-4},\n\tdoi = {10.1007/s00107-011-0569-4},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {4},\n\turldate = {2018-06-13},\n\tjournal = {European Journal of Wood and Wood Products},\n\tauthor = {Trinh, H. M. and Militz, H. and Mai, C.},\n\tmonth = jul,\n\tyear = {2012},\n\tpages = {421--432},\n\tfile = {Trinh et al. - 2012 - Modification of beech veneers with N-methylol-mela.pdf:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\H3CDFBAP\\\\Trinh et al. - 2012 - Modification of beech veneers with N-methylol-mela.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Adhesive bonding of beech wood modified with a phenol formaldehyde compound.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Adamopoulos, S.; Bastani, A.; Gascón-Garrido, P.; Militz, H.; and Mai, C.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n European Journal of Wood and Wood Products, 70(6): 897–901. November 2012.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n \"AdhesivePaper\n  \n \n\n \n \n doi\n  \n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@article{adamopoulos_adhesive_2012,\n\ttitle = {Adhesive bonding of beech wood modified with a phenol formaldehyde compound},\n\tvolume = {70},\n\tissn = {0018-3768, 1436-736X},\n\turl = {http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s00107-012-0620-0},\n\tdoi = {10.1007/s00107-012-0620-0},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {6},\n\turldate = {2018-06-13},\n\tjournal = {European Journal of Wood and Wood Products},\n\tauthor = {Adamopoulos, S. and Bastani, A. and Gascón-Garrido, P. and Militz, H. and Mai, C.},\n\tmonth = nov,\n\tyear = {2012},\n\tpages = {897--901},\n\tfile = {Adamopoulos (2012) Adhesive bonding of beech wood modified with a phenol formaldehyde compound.pdf:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\JXWQID4K\\\\Adamopoulos (2012) Adhesive bonding of beech wood modified with a phenol formaldehyde compound.pdf:application/pdf;art%3A10.1007%2Fs00107-012-0620-0:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\TTCNPFP7\\\\art%3A10.1007%2Fs00107-012-0620-0.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Untersuchungen zum Befallsdruck an Freileitungs-Holzmasten – Weiterführende Ergebnisse.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Gellerich, A.; Bollmus, S.; and Militz, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In Militz, H., editor(s), Deutsche Holzschutztagung – Trends und Chancen, pages 74–82, Göttingen, Germany, September 2012. Deutsche Gesellschaft für Holzforschung (DGfH)\n \n\n\n\n
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@inproceedings{gellerich_untersuchungen_2012,\n\taddress = {Göttingen, Germany},\n\ttitle = {Untersuchungen zum {Befallsdruck} an {Freileitungs}-{Holzmasten} – {Weiterführende} {Ergebnisse}},\n\tshorttitle = {Untersuchungen zum {Befallsdruck} an {Freileitungs}-{Holzmasten} – {Weiterführende} {Ergebnisse}},\n\tabstract = {Das vorgestellte Projekt hatte eine vierjährige Laufzeit und wurde in enger Zusammenarbeit mit dem Energieversorgungsunternehmen RWE bearbeitet. Das Projekt beinhaltet Untersuchungen zu einem möglichen Befallsdruck an Maststandorten, an denen es zu Frühausfällen kam, d.h. die Standzeit der Masten maximal 15 Jahre betrug. Zur Untersuchung eines möglicherweise erhöhten Befallsdruckes an den ausgewählten Maststandorten, verursacht durch bereits im Boden angesiedelte Pilz- und Bakterienstämme, wurden Freilandversuche unter Berücksichtigung verschiedener Bodenklassen durchgeführt. Außerdem wurden über die gesamte Projektlaufzeit weitere Mastfrühausfälle auf einen Befall durch holzzerstörende Pilze sowie deren Schutzmittelmenge zum Zeitpunkt des Ausfalles hin untersucht.\nVorläufige und bereits berichtete Ergebnisse haben gezeigt, dass einige Standorte eine überdurchschnittlich hohe Befallsaktivität aufweisen. Der Befall konnte nicht auf einzelne Bodenklassen und Bodentypen zurückgeführt werden. Diese vorläufigen Ergebnisse konnten durch die durchgeführten Freilandversuche bestätigt werden. Der Befallsdruck ist dabei standortabhängig und bei der Mehrzahl der untersuchten Maststandorte auf die unmittelbare Mastnähe beschränkt. Allerdings gibt es auch Standorte, wo ein erhöhter Befallsdruck nicht auf die unmittelbare Mastnähe beschränkt ist.\nWeitere Untersuchungen von Mastfrühausfällen zeigten an einer Vielzahl von Mastabschnitten einen Befall durch holzzerstörende kupfertolerante Pilze. Es wurde ebenfalls eine Bestimmung des Kupfergehaltes zum Zeitpunkt des Mastausbaues durchgeführt. Dabei zeigte sich, dass ein Befall durch kupfertolerante Pilze in vielen Fällen nicht nur auf Masten mit einer zu geringen Einbringmenge des Schutzmittels zurückzuführen ist.},\n\tbooktitle = {Deutsche {Holzschutztagung} – {Trends} und {Chancen}},\n\tpublisher = {Deutsche Gesellschaft für Holzforschung (DGfH)},\n\tauthor = {Gellerich, A. and Bollmus, S. and Militz, H.},\n\teditor = {Militz, H.},\n\tmonth = sep,\n\tyear = {2012},\n\tpages = {74--82},\n\tfile = {8_Gellerich:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\TRICGBIF\\\\8_Gellerich.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n Das vorgestellte Projekt hatte eine vierjährige Laufzeit und wurde in enger Zusammenarbeit mit dem Energieversorgungsunternehmen RWE bearbeitet. Das Projekt beinhaltet Untersuchungen zu einem möglichen Befallsdruck an Maststandorten, an denen es zu Frühausfällen kam, d.h. die Standzeit der Masten maximal 15 Jahre betrug. Zur Untersuchung eines möglicherweise erhöhten Befallsdruckes an den ausgewählten Maststandorten, verursacht durch bereits im Boden angesiedelte Pilz- und Bakterienstämme, wurden Freilandversuche unter Berücksichtigung verschiedener Bodenklassen durchgeführt. Außerdem wurden über die gesamte Projektlaufzeit weitere Mastfrühausfälle auf einen Befall durch holzzerstörende Pilze sowie deren Schutzmittelmenge zum Zeitpunkt des Ausfalles hin untersucht. Vorläufige und bereits berichtete Ergebnisse haben gezeigt, dass einige Standorte eine überdurchschnittlich hohe Befallsaktivität aufweisen. Der Befall konnte nicht auf einzelne Bodenklassen und Bodentypen zurückgeführt werden. Diese vorläufigen Ergebnisse konnten durch die durchgeführten Freilandversuche bestätigt werden. Der Befallsdruck ist dabei standortabhängig und bei der Mehrzahl der untersuchten Maststandorte auf die unmittelbare Mastnähe beschränkt. Allerdings gibt es auch Standorte, wo ein erhöhter Befallsdruck nicht auf die unmittelbare Mastnähe beschränkt ist. Weitere Untersuchungen von Mastfrühausfällen zeigten an einer Vielzahl von Mastabschnitten einen Befall durch holzzerstörende kupfertolerante Pilze. Es wurde ebenfalls eine Bestimmung des Kupfergehaltes zum Zeitpunkt des Mastausbaues durchgeführt. Dabei zeigte sich, dass ein Befall durch kupfertolerante Pilze in vielen Fällen nicht nur auf Masten mit einer zu geringen Einbringmenge des Schutzmittels zurückzuführen ist.\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Schnellverfahren zur Qualitätsbestimmung von TMT mittels ESR- und NIR-Spektroskopie.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Altgen, M.; and Militz, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In Deutsche Holzschutztagung – Trends und Chancen, pages 130–140, Göttingen, Germany, September 2012. Deutsche Gesellschaft für Holzforschung (DGfH)\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n  \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@inproceedings{altgen_schnellverfahren_2012,\n\taddress = {Göttingen, Germany},\n\ttitle = {Schnellverfahren zur {Qualitätsbestimmung} von {TMT} mittels {ESR}- und {NIR}-{Spektroskopie}},\n\tshorttitle = {Schnellverfahren zur {Qualitätsbestimmung} von {TMT} mittels {ESR}- und {NIR}-{Spektroskopie}},\n\tabstract = {Für die Bestimmung der Behandlungsqualität von TMT auf Industriemaßstab ist die Entwicklung von Schnellverfahren dringend erforderlich. Ziel dieser Schnellverfahren ist die schnelle Ermittlung von Kenngrößen zur sicheren Vorhersage der Materialeigenschaften von TMT. Mit der Elektronenspin-Resonanz- (ESR-) und der Nahinfrarot- (NIR-) Spektroskopie wurden im Rahmen der vorliegenden Untersuchungen zwei potentielle Schnellverfahren auf ihre Eignung überprüft. Die mithilfe der ESR-Spektroskopie ermittelte Signalstärke stieg mit zunehmender Behandlungsintensität des thermischen Modifizierungsprozesses an. Als Ursache wurde die Bildung stabiler Radikale während des Prozesses vermutet. Es stellte sich heraus, dass die Signalstärke einen guten Indikator für den Masseverlust der thermischen Modifizierung darstellt und damit potentiell für die Vorhersage verschiedenster TMT-Materialeigenschaften herangezogen werden kann. Die Ursache für die Bildung der stabilen Radikale ist allerdings noch nicht abschließend untersucht. Darüber hinaus wurde für verschiedene TMT-Materialeigenschaften gezeigt, dass geeignete Regressionsmodelle mithilfe von NIR-Spektroskopie auch mit einer geringen Auflösung und einem eingeschränkten Wellenlängenbereich erreichbar sind. Die NIR-Spektroskopie hat damit großes Potential für einen On-Line Einsatz in der Qualitätskontrolle.},\n\tbooktitle = {Deutsche {Holzschutztagung} – {Trends} und {Chancen}},\n\tpublisher = {Deutsche Gesellschaft für Holzforschung (DGfH)},\n\tauthor = {Altgen, M. and Militz, H.},\n\tmonth = sep,\n\tyear = {2012},\n\tpages = {130--140},\n\tfile = {15_Altgen:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\JZWDT5UM\\\\15_Altgen.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n Für die Bestimmung der Behandlungsqualität von TMT auf Industriemaßstab ist die Entwicklung von Schnellverfahren dringend erforderlich. Ziel dieser Schnellverfahren ist die schnelle Ermittlung von Kenngrößen zur sicheren Vorhersage der Materialeigenschaften von TMT. Mit der Elektronenspin-Resonanz- (ESR-) und der Nahinfrarot- (NIR-) Spektroskopie wurden im Rahmen der vorliegenden Untersuchungen zwei potentielle Schnellverfahren auf ihre Eignung überprüft. Die mithilfe der ESR-Spektroskopie ermittelte Signalstärke stieg mit zunehmender Behandlungsintensität des thermischen Modifizierungsprozesses an. Als Ursache wurde die Bildung stabiler Radikale während des Prozesses vermutet. Es stellte sich heraus, dass die Signalstärke einen guten Indikator für den Masseverlust der thermischen Modifizierung darstellt und damit potentiell für die Vorhersage verschiedenster TMT-Materialeigenschaften herangezogen werden kann. Die Ursache für die Bildung der stabilen Radikale ist allerdings noch nicht abschließend untersucht. Darüber hinaus wurde für verschiedene TMT-Materialeigenschaften gezeigt, dass geeignete Regressionsmodelle mithilfe von NIR-Spektroskopie auch mit einer geringen Auflösung und einem eingeschränkten Wellenlängenbereich erreichbar sind. Die NIR-Spektroskopie hat damit großes Potential für einen On-Line Einsatz in der Qualitätskontrolle.\n
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\n  \n 2011\n \n \n (24)\n \n \n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Treatability and penetration indices of four lesser-used Myanmar hardwoods.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Sint, K. M.; Militz, H.; Hapla, F.; and Adamopoulos, S.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Wood Research, 56(1): 13–22. 2011.\n \n\n\n\n
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@article{sint_treatability_2011,\n\ttitle = {Treatability and penetration indices of four lesser-used {Myanmar} hardwoods},\n\tvolume = {56},\n\tshorttitle = {Treatability and penetration indices of four lesser-used {Myanmar} hardwoods},\n\tnumber = {1},\n\tjournal = {Wood Research},\n\tauthor = {Sint, K. M. and Militz, H. and Hapla, F. and Adamopoulos, S.},\n\tyear = {2011},\n\tpages = {13--22},\n\tfile = {4-13-125048_02sint:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\SPSVEQN4\\\\4-13-125048_02sint.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Migration of blue stain fungi within wax impregnated wood.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Scholz, G.; Adamopoulos, S.; and Militz, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n IAWA Journal-International Association of Wood Anatomists, 32(1): 88–96. 2011.\n \n\n\n\n
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@article{scholz_migration_2011,\n\ttitle = {Migration of blue stain fungi within wax impregnated wood},\n\tvolume = {32},\n\tissn = {0928-1541},\n\tshorttitle = {Migration of blue stain fungi within wax impregnated wood},\n\tnumber = {1},\n\tjournal = {IAWA Journal-International Association of Wood Anatomists},\n\tauthor = {Scholz, G. and Adamopoulos, S. and Militz, H.},\n\tyear = {2011},\n\tpages = {88--96},\n\tfile = {22941932_032_01_S008_text:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\Q8GFC63S\\\\22941932_032_01_S008_text.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Detection of chlorine-labelled chitosan in Scots pine by energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Larnøy, E.; Eikenes, M.; and Militz, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Wood Science and Technology, 45(1): 103–110. February 2011.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n \"DetectionPaper\n  \n \n\n \n \n doi\n  \n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@article{larnoy_detection_2011,\n\ttitle = {Detection of chlorine-labelled chitosan in {Scots} pine by energy-dispersive {X}-ray spectroscopy},\n\tvolume = {45},\n\tissn = {0043-7719, 1432-5225},\n\turl = {http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s00226-010-0306-x},\n\tdoi = {10.1007/s00226-010-0306-x},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {1},\n\turldate = {2018-06-13},\n\tjournal = {Wood Science and Technology},\n\tauthor = {Larnøy, E. and Eikenes, M. and Militz, H.},\n\tmonth = feb,\n\tyear = {2011},\n\tpages = {103--110},\n\tfile = {art%3A10.1007%2Fs00226-010-0306-x:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\JV5TZQE3\\\\art%3A10.1007%2Fs00226-010-0306-x.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Development of methodology to predict wood properties of thermally modified wood.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Militz, H.; and Altgen, M.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In Salmen, L., editor(s), pages 70–71, 2011. \n \n\n\n\n
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@inproceedings{salmen_development_2011,\n\ttitle = {Development of methodology to predict wood properties of thermally modified wood},\n\tshorttitle = {Development of methodology to predict wood properties of thermally modified wood},\n\tauthor = {Militz, H. and Altgen, M.},\n\teditor = {Salmen, L.},\n\tyear = {2011},\n\tpages = {70--71},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Verbesserung der Permeabilität von Fichtenholz mit dem Weißfäulepilz Physisporinus vitreus - ein Statusbericht.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Lehringer, C.; Schubert, M.; Arnold, M.; Militz, H.; Richter, K.; and Schwarze, F.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Holztechnologie, 52(5): 40–45. 2011.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@article{lehringer_verbesserung_2011,\n\ttitle = {Verbesserung der {Permeabilität} von {Fichtenholz} mit dem {Weißfäulepilz} {Physisporinus} vitreus - ein {Statusbericht}},\n\tvolume = {52},\n\tshorttitle = {Verbesserung der {Permeabilität} von {Fichtenholz} mit dem {Weißfäulepilz} {Physisporinus} vitreus - ein {Statusbericht}},\n\tnumber = {5},\n\tjournal = {Holztechnologie},\n\tauthor = {Lehringer, C. and Schubert, M. and Arnold, M. and Militz, H. and Richter, K. and Schwarze, F.},\n\tyear = {2011},\n\tpages = {40--45},\n\tfile = {Lehringer et al. - 2011 - Verbesserung der Permeabilität von Fichtenholz mit.pdf:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\HNK6DBBH\\\\Lehringer et al. - 2011 - Verbesserung der Permeabilität von Fichtenholz mit.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Performance of some wood modification treatments against marine borers.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Klüppel, A.; Mai, C.; Militz, H.; and Cragg, S.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In May 2011. \n \n\n\n\n
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@inproceedings{kluppel_performance_2011,\n\ttitle = {Performance of some wood modification treatments against marine borers},\n\tdoi = {IRG/WP 14-40668},\n\tabstract = {Since some years, new treatment technology to protect wood against wood destroying fungi is introduced. Limited knowledge on their resistance to water organisms is available. Therefore, the resistance of chemically modified wood was assessed in a field test according to the European Standard EN 275 over a period of 3 resp. 5 years at sites in the North Sea and the Baltic Sea. Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) sapwood was treated with DMDHEU (dimethylol-dihydroxy-ethylen-urea), MMF (methylated-methylol-melamine), TEOS (tetra-ethoxy-silane) and PF (Phenol-formaldehyde). In addition, acetylated and untreated Radiata pine (Pinus radiata) was tested. The content of the modification agent in the exposed samples was determined annually in order to determine the stability of the treatment during the exposure in seawater against leaching during the first three years of exposure. The chemical contents stayed stable, indicating that leaching of modification chemicals did not occur. The common shipworm (Teredo navalis) was the only wood boring organism found at the two test sites. Most controls were destroyed within one year. Modified specimens showed varying severeness of attack by T. navalis, depending on the modification method. The resistance of resin treated wood seems to depend not only on the type and concentration of resin, but also on process parameters.},\n\tauthor = {Klüppel, A. and Mai, C. and Militz, H. and Cragg, S.},\n\tmonth = may,\n\tyear = {2011},\n\tkeywords = {acetylation, EN 275, performance, phenol treatment, resin treatment, Teredo navalis, use class 5},\n\tfile = {IRG 14-40668:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\QF4RZ9MX\\\\IRG 14-40668.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n Since some years, new treatment technology to protect wood against wood destroying fungi is introduced. Limited knowledge on their resistance to water organisms is available. Therefore, the resistance of chemically modified wood was assessed in a field test according to the European Standard EN 275 over a period of 3 resp. 5 years at sites in the North Sea and the Baltic Sea. Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) sapwood was treated with DMDHEU (dimethylol-dihydroxy-ethylen-urea), MMF (methylated-methylol-melamine), TEOS (tetra-ethoxy-silane) and PF (Phenol-formaldehyde). In addition, acetylated and untreated Radiata pine (Pinus radiata) was tested. The content of the modification agent in the exposed samples was determined annually in order to determine the stability of the treatment during the exposure in seawater against leaching during the first three years of exposure. The chemical contents stayed stable, indicating that leaching of modification chemicals did not occur. The common shipworm (Teredo navalis) was the only wood boring organism found at the two test sites. Most controls were destroyed within one year. Modified specimens showed varying severeness of attack by T. navalis, depending on the modification method. The resistance of resin treated wood seems to depend not only on the type and concentration of resin, but also on process parameters.\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n CreoSub – New protection technology to substitute creosote in railway sleepers, timber bridges, and utility poles.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Hundhausen, U.; Mahnert, K.; Gellerich, A.; and Militz, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In May 2011. \n \n\n\n\n
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@inproceedings{hundhausen_creosub_2011,\n\ttitle = {{CreoSub} – {New} protection technology to substitute creosote in railway sleepers, timber bridges, and utility poles},\n\tdoi = {IRG/WP 14-30644},\n\tabstract = {Creosote oil is one of the oldest industrially used wood preservatives. Due to its toxic profile, the European Commission has restricted the use of creosote specific applications, but it is highly controversial within the European Commission. Its approval for use after 2018 is very questionable and may depend on derived research results until then, i.e., the viability of alternatives developed to replace creosote as a preservative of wood products in heavy-duty applications outdoors, like railway sleepers, timber bridges, utility poles, and piles in marine applications. The overall objective of the three year WoodWisdom research project CreSub is the development of a new protection technology to substitute creosote in railway sleepers, timber bridges, and utility poles. The technological objective is to develop production processes for railway sleepers, timber bridges, utility poles, and piles treated with new wood protection systems from laboratory to industrial scale and test the products under real conditions in the field. This implies to individually consider process-related, economic and environmental aspects for each of the three different product groups mentioned above. Alternative products to creosote have to be hydrophobic and biocidal effective, particularly with respect to soft rot and copper tolerant fungi. Last-mentioned are mainly responsible for that conventional impregnations with solely copper-based salts do not provide sufficient protection of products in heavy-duty applications outdoors. In addition, alternative protection technology must be economically viable. In this regard, one-step treatment processes, which preferably can be carried out in existing creosote plants, are desirable. Last but not least, new technologies should have better human toxicological as well as environmental toxicological profiles than creosote technology.},\n\tauthor = {Hundhausen, U. and Mahnert, K.-C. and Gellerich, A. and Militz, H.},\n\tmonth = may,\n\tyear = {2011},\n\tkeywords = {alternative protection systems, bridges, creosote, Poles, research project, sleepers, Wood Wisdom},\n\tfile = {IRG 14-30644:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\2H6W46IU\\\\IRG 14-30644.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n Creosote oil is one of the oldest industrially used wood preservatives. Due to its toxic profile, the European Commission has restricted the use of creosote specific applications, but it is highly controversial within the European Commission. Its approval for use after 2018 is very questionable and may depend on derived research results until then, i.e., the viability of alternatives developed to replace creosote as a preservative of wood products in heavy-duty applications outdoors, like railway sleepers, timber bridges, utility poles, and piles in marine applications. The overall objective of the three year WoodWisdom research project CreSub is the development of a new protection technology to substitute creosote in railway sleepers, timber bridges, and utility poles. The technological objective is to develop production processes for railway sleepers, timber bridges, utility poles, and piles treated with new wood protection systems from laboratory to industrial scale and test the products under real conditions in the field. This implies to individually consider process-related, economic and environmental aspects for each of the three different product groups mentioned above. Alternative products to creosote have to be hydrophobic and biocidal effective, particularly with respect to soft rot and copper tolerant fungi. Last-mentioned are mainly responsible for that conventional impregnations with solely copper-based salts do not provide sufficient protection of products in heavy-duty applications outdoors. In addition, alternative protection technology must be economically viable. In this regard, one-step treatment processes, which preferably can be carried out in existing creosote plants, are desirable. Last but not least, new technologies should have better human toxicological as well as environmental toxicological profiles than creosote technology.\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Termite resistance of wood modified with short- and long-chain siloxanes.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Gascón-Garrido, P.; Thévenon, M.; Militz, H.; and Mai, C.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In May 2011. \n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n doi\n  \n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n  \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@inproceedings{gascon-garrido_termite_2011,\n\ttitle = {Termite resistance of wood modified with short- and long-chain siloxanes},\n\tdoi = {IRG/WP 14-40660},\n\tabstract = {Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) sapwood specimens modified with short- and long-chain amino-functional siloxane emulsions were exposed to subterranean termites (Reticulitermes flavipes Kollar). Laboratory choice and no-choice tests following the standard EN 117 (2013) were conducted for 8 weeks in order to evaluate the influence of these silicon-based compounds on the termite resistance of treated wood. The wood specimens were vacuum-pressure impregnated to reach 2, 5 and 8\\% weight percent gain (WPG). Subsequent to the treatment, half of specimens were leached according to the standard EN 84 (1997) before the termite test. Following exposure, the wood specimens were assessed for termite damage using a visual rating system (from 0 to 4). Mass losses were also recorded. The tests were validated because the feeding pressure was sufficient according to the standard. The results revealed that in case of the no-choice test, samples treated with the different siloxanes were classified as non durable (according to the standard EN 117 (2013)), despite the fact that there was a significant reduction of mass loss. In contrast, when exposed to a choice test with wood treated with short-chain siloxane without emulsifier, the termite workers exhibited significant avoidance to the treated wood samples. In all cases, termite chose untreated wood instead wood modified with short-chain siloxane. The mass losses, even in case of leached specimens, were found to be in agreement with this finding. Therefore, the results of this study verify that treatment with short-chain siloxane without emulsifier was successfully effective against termite attack when there is a choice of feeding.},\n\tauthor = {Gascón-Garrido, P. and Thévenon, M.-F. and Militz, H. and Mai, C.},\n\tmonth = may,\n\tyear = {2011},\n\tkeywords = {wood modification, Durability, long-chain siloxane, Reticulitermes flavipes, short-chain siloxane, Subterranean termites},\n\tfile = {IRG 14-40660:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\4PD2F3DF\\\\IRG 14-40660.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) sapwood specimens modified with short- and long-chain amino-functional siloxane emulsions were exposed to subterranean termites (Reticulitermes flavipes Kollar). Laboratory choice and no-choice tests following the standard EN 117 (2013) were conducted for 8 weeks in order to evaluate the influence of these silicon-based compounds on the termite resistance of treated wood. The wood specimens were vacuum-pressure impregnated to reach 2, 5 and 8% weight percent gain (WPG). Subsequent to the treatment, half of specimens were leached according to the standard EN 84 (1997) before the termite test. Following exposure, the wood specimens were assessed for termite damage using a visual rating system (from 0 to 4). Mass losses were also recorded. The tests were validated because the feeding pressure was sufficient according to the standard. The results revealed that in case of the no-choice test, samples treated with the different siloxanes were classified as non durable (according to the standard EN 117 (2013)), despite the fact that there was a significant reduction of mass loss. In contrast, when exposed to a choice test with wood treated with short-chain siloxane without emulsifier, the termite workers exhibited significant avoidance to the treated wood samples. In all cases, termite chose untreated wood instead wood modified with short-chain siloxane. The mass losses, even in case of leached specimens, were found to be in agreement with this finding. Therefore, the results of this study verify that treatment with short-chain siloxane without emulsifier was successfully effective against termite attack when there is a choice of feeding.\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Mittel zur Ausstattung von auf Cellulose und/oder Stärke basierenden Substraten mit Wasser abweisenden und gleichzeitig pilz-, bakterien-, insekten- sowie algenwidrigen Eigenschaften.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Edelmann, R.; Wassmer, C.; Jenkner, P.; Monkiewicz, J.; Militz, H.; Mai, C.; and Donath, S.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n 2011.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
\n 
@patent{edelmann_mittel_2011,\n\ttitle = {Mittel zur {Ausstattung} von auf {Cellulose} und/oder {Stärke} basierenden {Substraten} mit {Wasser} abweisenden und gleichzeitig pilz-, bakterien-, insekten- sowie algenwidrigen {Eigenschaften}},\n\tshorttitle = {Mittel zur {Ausstattung} von auf {Cellulose} und/oder {Stärke} basierenden {Substraten} mit {Wasser} abweisenden und gleichzeitig pilz-, bakterien-, insekten- sowie algenwidrigen {Eigenschaften}},\n\tauthor = {Edelmann, R. and Wassmer, C. and Jenkner, P. and Monkiewicz, J. and Militz, H. and Mai, C. and Donath, S.},\n\tyear = {2011},\n\tfile = {US020110143147A1_1:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\BJ3QPSFN\\\\US020110143147A1_1.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Improving dimensional stability of thermally treated wood by secondary modification – potential and limitations.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Behr, G.; Mahnert, K.; Bollmus, S.; and Militz, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In May 2011. \n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n doi\n  \n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n  \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n  \n \n 1 download\n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
\n 
@inproceedings{behr_improving_2011,\n\ttitle = {Improving dimensional stability of thermally treated wood by secondary modification – potential and limitations},\n\tdoi = {IRG/WP 14-40664},\n\tabstract = {The potential of treating thermally modified wood with melamine resin to improve the dimensional stabilization is tested in this research. Two different boards of poplar (Populus ssp.) were cut into two halves. One half of each board was thermally modified (T1 and T2) in a commercial process, the other half was used as untreated reference material. The material was thermally modified using the vacu³ process under vacuum and maximum temperatures of 210 °C and 230 °C. Ten samples of each material were impregnated with a solution of a commercially available methyloated melamine resin and dry-cured in a laboratory oven at a maximum temperature of 120°C. The anti-swell-efficiency (ASE) based on the swell rate was tested during ten cycles of repeated drying and wetting. The melamine treatment caused a higher bulking in the references than in thermally modified wood. The ASE of T1 was improved by secondary modification, whereas the ASE of T2 remained higher than that of the secondary modified material. The melamine treatment of thermally modified poplar yielded good results for solution uptake and weight percent gain, but the bulking was lower than expected. Reasons may be found in the same mechanisms providing good dimensional stability of thermally modified wood in the first place: The cell walls are more inaccessible for melamine oligomers due to hydrophobation resulting from thermal modification.},\n\tauthor = {Behr, G. and Mahnert, K.-C. and Bollmus, S. and Militz, H.},\n\tmonth = may,\n\tyear = {2011},\n\tkeywords = {anti-swell-efficiency, bulking, impregnation modification, melamine treatment, thermal modification},\n\tfile = {IRG 14-40664:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\PKP3US88\\\\IRG 14-40664.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n The potential of treating thermally modified wood with melamine resin to improve the dimensional stabilization is tested in this research. Two different boards of poplar (Populus ssp.) were cut into two halves. One half of each board was thermally modified (T1 and T2) in a commercial process, the other half was used as untreated reference material. The material was thermally modified using the vacu³ process under vacuum and maximum temperatures of 210 °C and 230 °C. Ten samples of each material were impregnated with a solution of a commercially available methyloated melamine resin and dry-cured in a laboratory oven at a maximum temperature of 120°C. The anti-swell-efficiency (ASE) based on the swell rate was tested during ten cycles of repeated drying and wetting. The melamine treatment caused a higher bulking in the references than in thermally modified wood. The ASE of T1 was improved by secondary modification, whereas the ASE of T2 remained higher than that of the secondary modified material. The melamine treatment of thermally modified poplar yielded good results for solution uptake and weight percent gain, but the bulking was lower than expected. Reasons may be found in the same mechanisms providing good dimensional stability of thermally modified wood in the first place: The cell walls are more inaccessible for melamine oligomers due to hydrophobation resulting from thermal modification.\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Improved bondability of wax-treated wood following plasma treatment.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Avramidis, G.; Scholz, G.; Nothnick, E.; Militz, H.; Viöl, W.; and Wolkenhauer, A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Wood Science and Technology, 45(2): 359–368. 2011.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@article{avramidis_improved_2011,\n\ttitle = {Improved bondability of wax-treated wood following plasma treatment},\n\tvolume = {45},\n\tissn = {0043-7719},\n\tshorttitle = {Improved bondability of wax-treated wood following plasma treatment},\n\tnumber = {2},\n\tjournal = {Wood Science and Technology},\n\tauthor = {Avramidis, G. and Scholz, G. and Nothnick, E. and Militz, H. and Viöl, W. and Wolkenhauer, A.},\n\tyear = {2011},\n\tpages = {359--368},\n\tfile = {art%3A10.1007%2Fs00226-010-0327-5:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\7PCGSJCW\\\\art%3A10.1007%2Fs00226-010-0327-5.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Processing Technologies for the Forest and Biobased Products Industries.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Teischinger, A.; Barbu, M. C.; Dunky, M.; Harper, D.; Jungmeier, G.; Militz, H.; Musso, M.; Petutschnigg, A.; Pizzi, A.; Wieland, S.; and Young, T. M.,\n editors.\n \n\n\n \n\n\n\n University of Applied Sciences, Salzburg, 2011.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
\n 
@book{teischinger_processing_2011,\n\ttitle = {Processing {Technologies} for the {Forest} and {Biobased} {Products} {Industries}},\n\tshorttitle = {Processing {Technologies} for the {Forest} and {Biobased} {Products} {Industries}},\n\tpublisher = {University of Applied Sciences, Salzburg},\n\teditor = {Teischinger, A. and Barbu, M. C. and Dunky, M. and Harper, D. and Jungmeier, G. and Militz, H. and Musso, M. and Petutschnigg, A. and Pizzi, A. and Wieland, S. and Young, T. M.},\n\tyear = {2011},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Distribution of blue stain in untreated and DMDHEU treated Scots pine sapwood panels after six years of outdoor weathering.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Adamopoulos, S.; Xie, Y.; and Militz, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n European Journal of Wood and Wood Products, 69(2): 333–336. 2011.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@article{adamopoulos_distribution_2011,\n\ttitle = {Distribution of blue stain in untreated and {DMDHEU} treated {Scots} pine sapwood panels after six years of outdoor weathering},\n\tvolume = {69},\n\tissn = {0018-3768},\n\tshorttitle = {Distribution of blue stain in untreated and {DMDHEU} treated {Scots} pine sapwood panels after six years of outdoor weathering},\n\tnumber = {2},\n\tjournal = {European Journal of Wood and Wood Products},\n\tauthor = {Adamopoulos, S. and Xie, Y. and Militz, H.},\n\tyear = {2011},\n\tpages = {333--336},\n\tfile = {art%3A10.1007%2Fs00107-010-0472-4:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\8K8Z2AM8\\\\art%3A10.1007%2Fs00107-010-0472-4.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Termite resistance of DMDHEU-treated wood.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Militz, H.; Schaffert, S.; Peters, B. C.; and Fitzgerald, C. J.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Wood Science and Technology, 45(3): 547–557. 2011.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@article{militz_termite_2011,\n\ttitle = {Termite resistance of {DMDHEU}-treated wood},\n\tvolume = {45},\n\tissn = {0043-7719},\n\tshorttitle = {Termite resistance of {DMDHEU}-treated wood},\n\tnumber = {3},\n\tjournal = {Wood Science and Technology},\n\tauthor = {Militz, H. and Schaffert, S. and Peters, B. C. and Fitzgerald, C. J.},\n\tyear = {2011},\n\tpages = {547--557},\n\tfile = {art%3A10.1007%2Fs00226-010-0345-3:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\JRUCB2DZ\\\\art%3A10.1007%2Fs00226-010-0345-3.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Verfahren zur Herstellung von Verbundwerkstoffen.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Militz, H.; Mai, C.; and Kloeser, L.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n 2011.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@patent{militz_verfahren_2011,\n\ttitle = {Verfahren zur {Herstellung} von {Verbundwerkstoffen}},\n\tshorttitle = {Verfahren zur {Herstellung} von {Verbundwerkstoffen}},\n\tauthor = {Militz, H. and Mai, C. and Kloeser, L.},\n\tyear = {2011},\n\tfile = {WO002011098470A2_1:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\DIIX7AKZ\\\\WO002011098470A2_1.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Development of methodology to predict wood properties of thermally modified wood.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Militz, H.; and Altgen, M.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In Navi, P.; and Roth, A., editor(s), Mechano-chemical Transformations of Wood During THM Processing: COST Action FP0904 Workshop: February, 16-18, 2011, Biel, Switzerland: Book of Abstracts, pages 17–18. Berne University of Applied Sciences, 2011.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@incollection{navi_development_2011,\n\ttitle = {Development of methodology to predict wood properties of thermally modified wood},\n\tisbn = {3-9523787-0-4},\n\tshorttitle = {Development of methodology to predict wood properties of thermally modified wood},\n\tbooktitle = {Mechano-chemical {Transformations} of {Wood} {During} {THM} {Processing}: {COST} {Action} {FP0904} {Workshop}: {February}, 16-18, 2011, {Biel}, {Switzerland}: {Book} of {Abstracts}},\n\tpublisher = {Berne University of Applied Sciences},\n\tauthor = {Militz, H. and Altgen, M.},\n\teditor = {Navi, P. and Roth, A.},\n\tyear = {2011},\n\tpages = {17--18},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Effect of Physisporinus vitreus on wood properties of Norway spruce. Part 2: Aspects of microtensile strength and chemical changes.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Lehringer, C.; Saake, B.; Živković, V.; Richter, K.; and Militz, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Holzforschung, 65(5): 721–727. 2011.\n \n\n\n\n
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@article{lehringer_effect_2011,\n\ttitle = {Effect of {Physisporinus} vitreus on wood properties of {Norway} spruce. {Part} 2: {Aspects} of microtensile strength and chemical changes},\n\tvolume = {65},\n\tissn = {1437-434X},\n\tshorttitle = {Effect of {Physisporinus} vitreus on wood properties of {Norway} spruce. {Part} 2: {Aspects} of microtensile strength and chemical changes},\n\tnumber = {5},\n\tjournal = {Holzforschung},\n\tauthor = {Lehringer, C. and Saake, B. and Živković, V. and Richter, K. and Militz, H.},\n\tyear = {2011},\n\tpages = {721--727},\n\tfile = {hf.2011.090:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\4MRC83BM\\\\hf.2011.090.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Effect of Physisporinus vitreus on wood properties of Norway spruce. Part 1: Aspects of delignification and surface hardness.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Lehringer, C.; Koch, G.; Adusumalli, R.; Mook, W. M; Richter, K.; and Militz, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Holzforschung, 65(5): 711–719. 2011.\n \n\n\n\n
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@article{lehringer_effect_2011-1,\n\ttitle = {Effect of {Physisporinus} vitreus on wood properties of {Norway} spruce. {Part} 1: {Aspects} of delignification and surface hardness},\n\tvolume = {65},\n\tissn = {1437-434X},\n\tshorttitle = {Effect of {Physisporinus} vitreus on wood properties of {Norway} spruce. {Part} 1: {Aspects} of delignification and surface hardness},\n\tnumber = {5},\n\tjournal = {Holzforschung},\n\tauthor = {Lehringer, C. and Koch, G. and Adusumalli, R.-B. and Mook, W. M and Richter, K. and Militz, H.},\n\tyear = {2011},\n\tpages = {711--719},\n\tfile = {hf.2011.021:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\RBWGBWEI\\\\hf.2011.021.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Process related copper leaching during a combined wood preservation process.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Treu, A.; Larnøy, E.; and Militz, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n European Journal of Wood and Wood Products, 69(2): 263–269. 2011.\n \n\n\n\n
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@article{treu_process_2011,\n\ttitle = {Process related copper leaching during a combined wood preservation process},\n\tvolume = {69},\n\tissn = {0018-3768},\n\tshorttitle = {Process related copper leaching during a combined wood preservation process},\n\tnumber = {2},\n\tjournal = {European Journal of Wood and Wood Products},\n\tauthor = {Treu, A. and Larnøy, E. and Militz, H.},\n\tyear = {2011},\n\tpages = {263--269},\n\tfile = {art%3A10.1007%2Fs00107-010-0427-9:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\5CSW7ICB\\\\art%3A10.1007%2Fs00107-010-0427-9.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Materialeigenschaften wachsimprägnierten Holzes.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Scholz, G.; and Militz, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Holztechnologie, 52(6): 29–33. 2011.\n \n\n\n\n
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@article{scholz_materialeigenschaften_2011,\n\ttitle = {Materialeigenschaften wachsimprägnierten {Holzes}},\n\tvolume = {52},\n\tshorttitle = {Materialeigenschaften wachsimprägnierten {Holzes}},\n\tnumber = {6},\n\tjournal = {Holztechnologie},\n\tauthor = {Scholz, G. and Militz, H.},\n\tyear = {2011},\n\tpages = {29--33},\n\tfile = {Materialeigenschaften wachsimprägnierten Holzes:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\S628QCH5\\\\Materialeigenschaften wachsimprägnierten Holzes.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Durability of pine wood modified with a series of linear chain carboxylic acid anhydrides against soft rot fungi.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Papadopoulos, A. N.; Militz, H.; and Pfeffer, A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Wood Research, 56(2): 147–156. 2011.\n \n\n\n\n
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@article{papadopoulos_durability_2011,\n\ttitle = {Durability of pine wood modified with a series of linear chain carboxylic acid anhydrides against soft rot fungi},\n\tvolume = {56},\n\tshorttitle = {Durability of pine wood modified with a series of linear chain carboxylic acid anhydrides against soft rot fungi},\n\tnumber = {2},\n\tjournal = {Wood Research},\n\tauthor = {Papadopoulos, A. N. and Militz, H. and Pfeffer, A.},\n\tyear = {2011},\n\tpages = {147--156},\n\tfile = {4-15-133042_01papadopoulos:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\SQD6NISH\\\\4-15-133042_01papadopoulos.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Applicability of electron paramagnetic resonance to characterize hygrothermally modified wood.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Willems, W.; and Militz, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In Navi, P.; and Roth, A., editor(s), Mechano-chemical Transformations of Wood During THM Processing: COST Action FP0904 Workshop: February, 16-18, 2011, Biel, Switzerland: Book of Abstracts, pages 49. Berne University of Applied Sciences, 2011.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@incollection{navi_applicability_2011,\n\ttitle = {Applicability of electron paramagnetic resonance to characterize hygrothermally modified wood},\n\tisbn = {3-9523787-0-4},\n\tshorttitle = {Applicability of electron paramagnetic resonance to characterize hygrothermally modified wood},\n\tbooktitle = {Mechano-chemical {Transformations} of {Wood} {During} {THM} {Processing}: {COST} {Action} {FP0904} {Workshop}: {February}, 16-18, 2011, {Biel}, {Switzerland}: {Book} of {Abstracts}},\n\tpublisher = {Berne University of Applied Sciences},\n\tauthor = {Willems, W. and Militz, H.},\n\teditor = {Navi, P. and Roth, A.},\n\tyear = {2011},\n\tpages = {49},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Dynamic water vapour sorption properties of wood treated with glutaraldehyde.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Xie, Y.; Hill, C. A. S.; Xiao, Z.; Mai, C.; and Militz, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Wood Science and Technology, 45(1): 49–61. 2011.\n \n\n\n\n
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@article{xie_dynamic_2011,\n\ttitle = {Dynamic water vapour sorption properties of wood treated with glutaraldehyde},\n\tvolume = {45},\n\tissn = {0043-7719},\n\tshorttitle = {Dynamic water vapour sorption properties of wood treated with glutaraldehyde},\n\tnumber = {1},\n\tjournal = {Wood Science and Technology},\n\tauthor = {Xie, Y. and Hill, C. A. S. and Xiao, Z. and Mai, C. and Militz, H.},\n\tyear = {2011},\n\tpages = {49--61},\n\tfile = {art%3A10.1007%2Fs00226-010-0311-0:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\KUMXQ55X\\\\art%3A10.1007%2Fs00226-010-0311-0.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Erkennung von Holzschäden in Strom- und Telegraphenmasten mittels elektrischer Widerstandstomographie.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Koddenberg, T.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Technical Report Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Fakultät für Forstwissenschaften und Waldökologie, Abteilung Holzbiologie und Holzprodukte, Göttingen, 2011.\n Projektleiter: Prof. Dr. Holger Militz Betreuerin: Dr. Antje Gellerich\n\n\n\n
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@techreport{koddenberg_erkennung_2011,\n\taddress = {Göttingen},\n\ttype = {Projektarbeit},\n\ttitle = {Erkennung von {Holzschäden} in {Strom}- und {Telegraphenmasten} mittels elektrischer {Widerstandstomographie}},\n\tlanguage = {de},\n\tinstitution = {Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Fakultät für Forstwissenschaften und Waldökologie, Abteilung Holzbiologie und Holzprodukte},\n\tauthor = {Koddenberg, Tim},\n\tyear = {2011},\n\tnote = {Projektleiter: Prof. Dr. Holger Militz\nBetreuerin: Dr. Antje Gellerich},\n\tfile = {Koddenberg - 2011 - Erkennung von Holzschäden in Strom- und Telegraphe.pdf:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\2RW6YC63\\\\Koddenberg - 2011 - Erkennung von Holzschäden in Strom- und Telegraphe.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n  \n 2010\n \n \n (41)\n \n \n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Exploratory study on the impregnation of Scots pine sapwood (Pinus sylvestris L.) and European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) with different hot melting waxes.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Scholz, G.; Krause, A.; and Militz, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Wood Science and Technology, 44(3): 379–388. 2010.\n \n\n\n\n
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@article{scholz_exploratory_2010,\n\ttitle = {Exploratory study on the impregnation of {Scots} pine sapwood ({Pinus} sylvestris {L}.) and {European} beech ({Fagus} sylvatica {L}.) with different hot melting waxes},\n\tvolume = {44},\n\tissn = {0043-7719},\n\tshorttitle = {Exploratory study on the impregnation of {Scots} pine sapwood ({Pinus} sylvestris {L}.) and {European} beech ({Fagus} sylvatica {L}.) with different hot melting waxes},\n\tnumber = {3},\n\tjournal = {Wood Science and Technology},\n\tauthor = {Scholz, G. and Krause, A. and Militz, H.},\n\tyear = {2010},\n\tpages = {379--388},\n\tfile = {art%3A10.1007%2Fs00226-010-0353-3:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\7VP7HIPA\\\\art%3A10.1007%2Fs00226-010-0353-3.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Laboratory Test of the Performance of DMDHEU, Siloxane and Water Glass Modified Wood against Blue Stain Fungi.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Pfeffer, A.; and Militz, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Wood Research, 55(3): 73–82. 2010.\n \n\n\n\n
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@article{pfeffer_laboratory_2010,\n\ttitle = {Laboratory {Test} of the {Performance} of {DMDHEU}, {Siloxane} and {Water} {Glass} {Modified} {Wood} against {Blue} {Stain} {Fungi}},\n\tvolume = {55},\n\tshorttitle = {Laboratory {Test} of the {Performance} of {DMDHEU}, {Siloxane} and {Water} {Glass} {Modified} {Wood} against {Blue} {Stain} {Fungi}},\n\tnumber = {3},\n\tjournal = {Wood Research},\n\tauthor = {Pfeffer, A. and Militz, H.},\n\tyear = {2010},\n\tpages = {73--82},\n\tfile = {5-17-143807_WR201003_07pfeffer:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\ZEEGARRD\\\\5-17-143807_WR201003_07pfeffer.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Resistance of Modified Wood to Marine Borers.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Klüppel, A.; Militz, H.; Cragg, S.; and Mai, C.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In Hill, C. A. S.; Militz, H.; and Andersons, B., editor(s), pages 389–396, 2010. Latvian State Institute of Wood Chemistry\n \n\n\n\n
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@inproceedings{hill_resistance_2010,\n\ttitle = {Resistance of {Modified} {Wood} to {Marine} {Borers}},\n\tisbn = {9984-49-135-8},\n\tshorttitle = {Resistance of {Modified} {Wood} to {Marine} {Borers}},\n\tpublisher = {Latvian State Institute of Wood Chemistry},\n\tauthor = {Klüppel, A. and Militz, H. and Cragg, S. and Mai, C.},\n\teditor = {Hill, C. A. S. and Militz, H. and Andersons, B.},\n\tyear = {2010},\n\tpages = {389--396},\n\tfile = {ECWM5_2010_proceedings:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\DPFEZQ3S\\\\ECWM5_2010_proceedings.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Chemical Modification of TMP for High Performance Fibreboards.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Kloeser, L.; Wagner, C.; Militz, H.; and Mai, C.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In Hill, C. A. S.; Militz, H.; and Andersons, B., editor(s), pages 191–197, 2010. Latvian State Institute of Wood Chemistry\n \n\n\n\n
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@inproceedings{hill_chemical_2010,\n\ttitle = {Chemical {Modification} of {TMP} for {High} {Performance} {Fibreboards}},\n\tisbn = {9984-49-135-8},\n\tshorttitle = {Chemical {Modification} of {TMP} for {High} {Performance} {Fibreboards}},\n\tpublisher = {Latvian State Institute of Wood Chemistry},\n\tauthor = {Kloeser, L. and Wagner, C. and Militz, H. and Mai, C.},\n\teditor = {Hill, C. A. S. and Militz, H. and Andersons, B.},\n\tyear = {2010},\n\tpages = {191--197},\n\tfile = {ECWM5_2010_proceedings:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\2RGDJ2J3\\\\ECWM5_2010_proceedings.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n PF-bonded particleboards from AKD-modified chips.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Hundhausen, U.; Militz, H.; and Mai, C.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n European Journal of Wood and Wood Products, 68(2): 143–149. 2010.\n \n\n\n\n
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@article{hundhausen_pf-bonded_2010,\n\ttitle = {{PF}-bonded particleboards from {AKD}-modified chips},\n\tvolume = {68},\n\tissn = {0018-3768},\n\tshorttitle = {{PF}-bonded particleboards from {AKD}-modified chips},\n\tnumber = {2},\n\tjournal = {European Journal of Wood and Wood Products},\n\tauthor = {Hundhausen, U. and Militz, H. and Mai, C.},\n\tyear = {2010},\n\tpages = {143--149},\n\tfile = {art%3A10.1007%2Fs00107-009-0358-5:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\74J7VKU9\\\\art%3A10.1007%2Fs00107-009-0358-5.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Pilodyn Testing of Thermally and Chemically Modified Wood.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Lopes, D. B.; Militz, H.; and Mai, C.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In Hill, C. A. S.; Militz, H.; and Andersons, B., editor(s), pages 255–25, 2010. Latvian State Institute of Wood Chemistry\n \n\n\n\n
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@inproceedings{hill_pilodyn_2010,\n\ttitle = {Pilodyn {Testing} of {Thermally} and {Chemically} {Modified} {Wood}},\n\tisbn = {9984-49-135-8},\n\tshorttitle = {Pilodyn {Testing} of {Thermally} and {Chemically} {Modified} {Wood}},\n\tpublisher = {Latvian State Institute of Wood Chemistry},\n\tauthor = {Lopes, D. B. and Militz, H. and Mai, C.},\n\teditor = {Hill, C. A. S. and Militz, H. and Andersons, B.},\n\tyear = {2010},\n\tpages = {255--25},\n\tfile = {ECWM5_2010_proceedings:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\NX2N29NV\\\\ECWM5_2010_proceedings.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n The use of non-destructive methods for the evaluation of fungal decay in field testing by dynamic vibration.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Krause, A.; Pfeffer, A.; and Militz, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In The future of quality control for wood & wood products. COST Action E53, pages 1–9. Edingburgh, 2010.\n \n\n\n\n
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@incollection{krause_use_2010,\n\taddress = {Edingburgh},\n\ttitle = {The use of non-destructive methods for the evaluation of fungal decay in field testing by dynamic vibration},\n\tshorttitle = {The use of non-destructive methods for the evaluation of fungal decay in field testing by dynamic vibration},\n\tbooktitle = {The future of quality control for wood \\& wood products. {COST} {Action} {E53}},\n\tauthor = {Krause, A. and Pfeffer, A. and Militz, H.},\n\tyear = {2010},\n\tpages = {1--9},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Sustainable Biomaterials and Bioenergy - Examining how e think about Forest Products, from Education to Global Policy.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Goodell, B.; Howe, J.; Militz, H.; Rodriguez, J.; and Daniel, G.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In Winandy, J. E.; and Herian, V. L., editor(s), pages 1–7, 2010. Society of Wood Science and Technology\n \n\n\n\n
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@inproceedings{winandy_sustainable_2010,\n\ttitle = {Sustainable {Biomaterials} and {Bioenergy} - {Examining} how e think about {Forest} {Products}, from {Education} to {Global} {Policy}},\n\tshorttitle = {Sustainable {Biomaterials} and {Bioenergy} - {Examining} how e think about {Forest} {Products}, from {Education} to {Global} {Policy}},\n\tpublisher = {Society of Wood Science and Technology},\n\tauthor = {Goodell, B. and Howe, J. and Militz, H. and Rodriguez, J. and Daniel, G.},\n\teditor = {Winandy, J. E. and Herian, V. L.},\n\tyear = {2010},\n\tpages = {1--7},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n The calculation of EMC for the analysis of wood/water relations in Fagus sylvatica L. modified with 1, 3-dimethylol-4, 5-dihydroxyethyleneurea.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Dieste, A.; Krause, A.; Mai, C.; and Militz, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Wood science and technology, 44(4): 597–606. 2010.\n \n\n\n\n
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@article{dieste_calculation_2010,\n\ttitle = {The calculation of {EMC} for the analysis of wood/water relations in {Fagus} sylvatica {L}. modified with 1, 3-dimethylol-4, 5-dihydroxyethyleneurea},\n\tvolume = {44},\n\tissn = {0043-7719},\n\tshorttitle = {The calculation of {EMC} for the analysis of wood/water relations in {Fagus} sylvatica {L}. modified with 1, 3-dimethylol-4, 5-dihydroxyethyleneurea},\n\tdoi = {10.1007/s00226-009-0298-6},\n\tnumber = {4},\n\tjournal = {Wood science and technology},\n\tauthor = {Dieste, A. and Krause, A. and Mai, C. and Militz, H.},\n\tyear = {2010},\n\tpages = {597--606},\n\tfile = {art%3A10.1007%2Fs00226-009-0298-6:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\3XKGJ59V\\\\art%3A10.1007%2Fs00226-009-0298-6.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Klassifizierung der Dauerhaftigkeit von modifiziertem Holz nach ver-schiedenen Normprüfungen.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Bollmus, S.; Pfeffer, A.; and Militz, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In pages 76–83, April 2010. Deutsche Gesellschaft für Holzforschung (DGfH)\n \n\n\n\n
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@inproceedings{bollmus_klassifizierung_2010,\n\ttitle = {Klassifizierung der {Dauerhaftigkeit} von modifiziertem {Holz} nach ver-schiedenen {Normprüfungen}},\n\tshorttitle = {Klassifizierung der {Dauerhaftigkeit} von modifiziertem {Holz} nach ver-schiedenen {Normprüfungen}},\n\tabstract = {Die Materialeigenschaft natürliche Dauerhaftigkeit von Holz wird nach CEN/TS 15083-1 bestimmt. Die Bestimmung einer Dauerhaftigkeitsklasse von chemisch geschütztem Holz ist auf Grundlage des Standards EN 113 in Kombination mit EN 350-1 möglich. Für modifiziertes Holz gibt es weder eine entsprechende Norm noch eine Richtlinie, nach der die Dauerhaftigkeit bestimmt werden soll-te. Es wurde deshalb die Dauerhaftigkeit von DMDHEU behandelter Buche und von thermisch be-handelter Buche nach beiden vorhandenen Standards untersucht.\nUnterschiede bei der Einstufung des Materials in die Dauerhaftigkeitsklassen wurden bei Prüfkör-pern, die mit DMDHEU 2,3M behandelt wurden sowie bei thermisch behandelter Buche nicht ermit-telt. Eine Behandlung mit DMDHEU 1,3M dagegen ergab je nach durchgeführtem Standard eine Dauerhaftigkeitsklasse zwischen 1 („sehr dauerhaft“) und 5 („nicht dauerhaft“).},\n\tpublisher = {Deutsche Gesellschaft für Holzforschung (DGfH)},\n\tauthor = {Bollmus, S. and Pfeffer, A. and Militz, H.},\n\tmonth = apr,\n\tyear = {2010},\n\tpages = {76--83},\n\tfile = {9_Klassifizierung der Dauerhaftigkeit von modifiziertem Holz nach verschiedenen Normprüfungen:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\UP4K6TKM\\\\9_Klassifizierung der Dauerhaftigkeit von modifiziertem Holz nach verschiedenen Normprüfungen.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n Die Materialeigenschaft natürliche Dauerhaftigkeit von Holz wird nach CEN/TS 15083-1 bestimmt. Die Bestimmung einer Dauerhaftigkeitsklasse von chemisch geschütztem Holz ist auf Grundlage des Standards EN 113 in Kombination mit EN 350-1 möglich. Für modifiziertes Holz gibt es weder eine entsprechende Norm noch eine Richtlinie, nach der die Dauerhaftigkeit bestimmt werden soll-te. Es wurde deshalb die Dauerhaftigkeit von DMDHEU behandelter Buche und von thermisch be-handelter Buche nach beiden vorhandenen Standards untersucht. Unterschiede bei der Einstufung des Materials in die Dauerhaftigkeitsklassen wurden bei Prüfkör-pern, die mit DMDHEU 2,3M behandelt wurden sowie bei thermisch behandelter Buche nicht ermit-telt. Eine Behandlung mit DMDHEU 1,3M dagegen ergab je nach durchgeführtem Standard eine Dauerhaftigkeitsklasse zwischen 1 („sehr dauerhaft“) und 5 („nicht dauerhaft“).\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Hydrothermal Modification of Soft Deciduous Wood: Bending Strength Properties.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Biziks, V.; Andersons, B.; Andersone, I.; Grinins, J.; Irbe, I.; Kurnosova, N.; and Militz, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In Hill, C. A. S.; Militz, H.; and Andersons, B., editor(s), pages 99–106, 2010. Latvian State Institute of Wood Chemistry\n \n\n\n\n
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@inproceedings{hill_hydrothermal_2010,\n\ttitle = {Hydrothermal {Modification} of {Soft} {Deciduous} {Wood}: {Bending} {Strength} {Properties}},\n\tisbn = {9984-49-135-8},\n\tshorttitle = {Hydrothermal {Modification} of {Soft} {Deciduous} {Wood}: {Bending} {Strength} {Properties}},\n\tpublisher = {Latvian State Institute of Wood Chemistry},\n\tauthor = {Biziks, V. and Andersons, B. and Andersone, I. and Grinins, J. and Irbe, I. and Kurnosova, N. and Militz, H.},\n\teditor = {Hill, C. A. S. and Militz, H. and Andersons, B.},\n\tyear = {2010},\n\tpages = {99--106},\n\tfile = {ECWM5_2010_proceedings:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\6NSV4JIW\\\\ECWM5_2010_proceedings.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Holzoberflächenmodifikation mittels Atmosphärendruckplasma.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Avramidis, G.; Nothnick, E.; Wolkenhauer, A.; Militz, H.; and Viöl, W.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Vakuum in Forschung und Praxis, 22(1): 25–29. 2010.\n \n\n\n\n
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@article{avramidis_holzoberflachenmodifikation_2010,\n\ttitle = {Holzoberflächenmodifikation mittels {Atmosphärendruckplasma}},\n\tvolume = {22},\n\tissn = {1522-2454},\n\tshorttitle = {Holzoberflächenmodifikation mittels {Atmosphärendruckplasma}},\n\tnumber = {1},\n\tjournal = {Vakuum in Forschung und Praxis},\n\tauthor = {Avramidis, G. and Nothnick, E. and Wolkenhauer, A. and Militz, H. and Viöl, W.},\n\tyear = {2010},\n\tpages = {25--29},\n\tfile = {25_ftp:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\Q7F49ZHH\\\\25_ftp.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Use of Chemically Modified Wood for the Production of Wood Polymer Composites (WPC) with an Optimized Property Profile.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Grüneberg, T.; Krause, A.; Militz, H.; and Mai, C.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In Hill, C. A. S.; Militz, H.; and Andersons, B., editor(s), pages 323–330, 2010. Latvian State Institute of Wood Chemistry\n \n\n\n\n
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@inproceedings{hill_use_2010,\n\ttitle = {Use of {Chemically} {Modified} {Wood} for the {Production} of {Wood} {Polymer} {Composites} ({WPC}) with an {Optimized} {Property} {Profile}},\n\tisbn = {9984-49-135-8},\n\tshorttitle = {Use of {Chemically} {Modified} {Wood} for the {Production} of {Wood} {Polymer} {Composites} ({WPC}) with an {Optimized} {Property} {Profile}},\n\tpublisher = {Latvian State Institute of Wood Chemistry},\n\tauthor = {Grüneberg, T. and Krause, A. and Militz, H. and Mai, C.},\n\teditor = {Hill, C. A. S. and Militz, H. and Andersons, B.},\n\tyear = {2010},\n\tpages = {323--330},\n\tfile = {ECWM5_2010_proceedings:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\XXWBKF8S\\\\ECWM5_2010_proceedings.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Agent for Providing Substrates Based on Cellulose and/or Starch with Water Repellent and Simultaneously Antifungal, Antibacterial, Insect-repellent and Antialgal Properties - Mittel zur Ausstattung von auf Cellulose und/oder Stärke basierenden Substraten mit Wasser abweisenden und gleichzeitig pilz-, bakterien-, insekten- sowie algenwidrigen Eigenschaften.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Edelmann, R; Wassmer, C.; Jenkner, P.; Monkiewicz, J.; Militz, H.; Mai, C.; and Donath, S.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n 2010.\n \n\n\n\n
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@patent{edelmann_agent_2010,\n\ttitle = {Agent for {Providing} {Substrates} {Based} on {Cellulose} and/or {Starch} with {Water} {Repellent} and {Simultaneously} {Antifungal}, {Antibacterial}, {Insect}-repellent and {Antialgal} {Properties} - {Mittel} zur {Ausstattung} von auf {Cellulose} und/oder {Stärke} basierenden {Substraten} mit {Wasser} abweisenden und gleichzeitig pilz-, bakterien-, insekten- sowie algenwidrigen {Eigenschaften}},\n\tshorttitle = {Agent for {Providing} {Substrates} {Based} on {Cellulose} and/or {Starch} with {Water} {Repellent} and {Simultaneously} {Antifungal}, {Antibacterial}, {Insect}-repellent and {Antialgal} {Properties} - {Mittel} zur {Ausstattung} von auf {Cellulose} und/oder {Stärke} basierenden {Substraten} mit {Wasser} abweisenden und gleichzeitig pilz-, bakterien-, insekten- sowie algenwidrigen {Eigenschaften}},\n\tauthor = {Edelmann, R and Wassmer, C. and Jenkner, P. and Monkiewicz, J. and Militz, H. and Mai, C. and Donath, S.},\n\tyear = {2010},\n\tfile = {CA000002574948A1_1:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\VNUK9I9S\\\\CA000002574948A1_1.pdf:application/pdf;CA000002574948C_1:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\EX73XIWQ\\\\CA000002574948C_1.pdf:application/pdf;CA000002574948C_all_pages:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\6THGFU7U\\\\CA000002574948C_all_pages.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Material Evaluation and Product Performances of Beech Wood Modification with 1,3-dimethylol-4,5-dihydroxyethylenurea (DMDHEU).\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Bollmus, S.; Rademacher, P.; Krause, A.; and Militz, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In Hill, C. A. S.; Militz, H.; and Andersons, B., editor(s), pages 15–22, 2010. Latvian State Institute of Wood Chemistry\n \n\n\n\n
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@inproceedings{hill_material_2010,\n\ttitle = {Material {Evaluation} and {Product} {Performances} of {Beech} {Wood} {Modification} with 1,3-dimethylol-4,5-dihydroxyethylenurea ({DMDHEU})},\n\tisbn = {9984-49-135-8},\n\tshorttitle = {Material {Evaluation} and {Product} {Performances} of {Beech} {Wood} {Modification} with 1,3-dimethylol-4,5-dihydroxyethylenurea ({DMDHEU})},\n\tpublisher = {Latvian State Institute of Wood Chemistry},\n\tauthor = {Bollmus, S. and Rademacher, P. and Krause, A. and Militz, H.},\n\teditor = {Hill, C. A. S. and Militz, H. and Andersons, B.},\n\tyear = {2010},\n\tpages = {15--22},\n\tfile = {ECWM5_2010_proceedings:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\9IQ39ZVG\\\\ECWM5_2010_proceedings.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Wood Veneer Modification by Atmosheric Pressure Plasma Treatment for Improved Absorption Characteristics.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Avramidis, G.; Tebbe, B.; Nothnick, E.; Militz, H.; Viöl, W.; and Wolkenhauer, A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In Hill, C. A. S.; Militz, H.; and Andersons, B., editor(s), pages 365–372, 2010. Latvian State Institute of Wood Chemistry\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@inproceedings{hill_wood_2010,\n\ttitle = {Wood {Veneer} {Modification} by {Atmosheric} {Pressure} {Plasma} {Treatment} for {Improved} {Absorption} {Characteristics}},\n\tisbn = {9984-49-135-8},\n\tshorttitle = {Wood {Veneer} {Modification} by {Atmosheric} {Pressure} {Plasma} {Treatment} for {Improved} {Absorption} {Characteristics}},\n\tpublisher = {Latvian State Institute of Wood Chemistry},\n\tauthor = {Avramidis, G. and Tebbe, B. and Nothnick, E. and Militz, H. and Viöl, W. and Wolkenhauer, A.},\n\teditor = {Hill, C. A. S. and Militz, H. and Andersons, B.},\n\tyear = {2010},\n\tpages = {365--372},\n\tfile = {ECWM5_2010_proceedings:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\J5FX2FE3\\\\ECWM5_2010_proceedings.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Innovative Produkte aus vernetztem Buchenholz - Stand der Leitproduktherstellung.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Rademacher, P.; Bollmus, S.; Puttmann, S.; Dieste, A.; Krause, A.; and Militz, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In pages 101–115, April 2010. Deutsche Gesellschaft für Holzforschung (DGfH)\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n  \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@inproceedings{rademacher_innovative_2010,\n\ttitle = {Innovative {Produkte} aus vernetztem {Buchenholz} - {Stand} der {Leitproduktherstellung}},\n\tshorttitle = {Innovative {Produkte} aus vernetztem {Buchenholz} - {Stand} der {Leitproduktherstellung}},\n\tabstract = {Native Buche ist für den Einsatz im Außen- und Feuchtraum nicht geeignet, da Dauerhaftigkeit und Dimensionsstabilität gering sind. In einem vom BMBF geförderten Projekt „Modifizierte Buchenholz-produkte“ wurde ein Prozess entwickelt, durch den diese nachteiligen Eigenschaften verbessert werden (Rademacher et al. 2008). Dabei wird die Vernetzungschemikalie DMDHEU (Dimethyloldihydroxyethyleneurea) durch Vakuum-Druck-Imprägnierung in das Holz eingebracht und anschließend unter Heißdampfbedingungen ausreagiert. Es wird davon ausgegangen, dass es dabei zu einer Vernetzung der Hydroxylgruppen der Zellwandzucker mit dem DMDHEU sowie zu Polykondensationsprozessen kommt (Krause et al. 2008, Bollmus 2010).\nUmfangreiche Laborversuche zeigten, dass sich durch die Behandlung die Dauerhaftigkeit und Di-mensionsstabilität erhöhen lassen. Beschichtung und Verleimung des Holzes sind möglich (Xie 2006; Xie et al. 2006). Mechanische Eigenschaften werden dahingehend beeinflusst, dass Druck-festigkeit und Härte erhöht werden, Biegefestigkeit und Biege-Elastizitätsmodul sich nicht signifikant verändern, Scher- und Zugfestigkeit ebenso wie die Bruchschlagarbeit reduziert werden (Bollmus et al 2009). Im Weiteren wurde ein sich in der Praxis anwendbarer Prozess entwickelt. Unter Ein-bringen des wasserlöslichen Holzvernetzers DMDHEU im Vakuum-Druck-Imprägnierverfahren und die anschließende Ausreaktion im Heißdampftrockner lassen sich die Material- und Produkteigen-schaften deutlich verbessern (Mai und Militz 2007). In Zusammenarbeit mit den Industriepartnern Fahlenkamp, Variotec und Becker wurde für erste Vollholz- und Furnierformteilanwendungen der Modifizierungsprozess soweit optimiert, dass erste Produkte mit den hierfür erforderlichen Material-eigenschaften hergestellt werden konnten (Rademacher et al. 2009). Beispiele für solche in der Zu-sammenarbeit mit den Firmen bereits im Industriemaßstab realisierte Leit- oder marktfähige Serienprodukte sind Picknickbankgarnituren, Terrassendeckings; Außentüren oder Formholzsitz-möbel für den Außenbereich (Becker 2006).},\n\tpublisher = {Deutsche Gesellschaft für Holzforschung (DGfH)},\n\tauthor = {Rademacher, P. and Bollmus, S. and Puttmann, S. and Dieste, A. and Krause, A. and Militz, H.},\n\tmonth = apr,\n\tyear = {2010},\n\tpages = {101--115},\n\tfile = {12_Innovative Produkte aus vernetztem Buchenholz - Stand der Leitproduktion:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\TJG76APD\\\\12_Innovative Produkte aus vernetztem Buchenholz - Stand der Leitproduktion.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n Native Buche ist für den Einsatz im Außen- und Feuchtraum nicht geeignet, da Dauerhaftigkeit und Dimensionsstabilität gering sind. In einem vom BMBF geförderten Projekt „Modifizierte Buchenholz-produkte“ wurde ein Prozess entwickelt, durch den diese nachteiligen Eigenschaften verbessert werden (Rademacher et al. 2008). Dabei wird die Vernetzungschemikalie DMDHEU (Dimethyloldihydroxyethyleneurea) durch Vakuum-Druck-Imprägnierung in das Holz eingebracht und anschließend unter Heißdampfbedingungen ausreagiert. Es wird davon ausgegangen, dass es dabei zu einer Vernetzung der Hydroxylgruppen der Zellwandzucker mit dem DMDHEU sowie zu Polykondensationsprozessen kommt (Krause et al. 2008, Bollmus 2010). Umfangreiche Laborversuche zeigten, dass sich durch die Behandlung die Dauerhaftigkeit und Di-mensionsstabilität erhöhen lassen. Beschichtung und Verleimung des Holzes sind möglich (Xie 2006; Xie et al. 2006). Mechanische Eigenschaften werden dahingehend beeinflusst, dass Druck-festigkeit und Härte erhöht werden, Biegefestigkeit und Biege-Elastizitätsmodul sich nicht signifikant verändern, Scher- und Zugfestigkeit ebenso wie die Bruchschlagarbeit reduziert werden (Bollmus et al 2009). Im Weiteren wurde ein sich in der Praxis anwendbarer Prozess entwickelt. Unter Ein-bringen des wasserlöslichen Holzvernetzers DMDHEU im Vakuum-Druck-Imprägnierverfahren und die anschließende Ausreaktion im Heißdampftrockner lassen sich die Material- und Produkteigen-schaften deutlich verbessern (Mai und Militz 2007). In Zusammenarbeit mit den Industriepartnern Fahlenkamp, Variotec und Becker wurde für erste Vollholz- und Furnierformteilanwendungen der Modifizierungsprozess soweit optimiert, dass erste Produkte mit den hierfür erforderlichen Material-eigenschaften hergestellt werden konnten (Rademacher et al. 2009). Beispiele für solche in der Zu-sammenarbeit mit den Firmen bereits im Industriemaßstab realisierte Leit- oder marktfähige Serienprodukte sind Picknickbankgarnituren, Terrassendeckings; Außentüren oder Formholzsitz-möbel für den Außenbereich (Becker 2006).\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Nadelholz bleibt wirtschaftliches Rückgrat der Forstbetriebe.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Möhring, B.; Oldershausen, P.; Mantau, U.; Alteheld, R.; Cordes, H.; Jänich, K.; Militz, H.; Spellmann, H.; and Seintsch, B.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Der bayerische Waldbesitzer, (6): 14–15. 2010.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@article{mohring_nadelholz_2010,\n\ttitle = {Nadelholz bleibt wirtschaftliches {Rückgrat} der {Forstbetriebe}},\n\tshorttitle = {Nadelholz bleibt wirtschaftliches {Rückgrat} der {Forstbetriebe}},\n\tnumber = {6},\n\tjournal = {Der bayerische Waldbesitzer},\n\tauthor = {Möhring, B. and Oldershausen, P. and Mantau, U. and Alteheld, R. and Cordes, H. and Jänich, K. and Militz, H. and Spellmann, H. and Seintsch, B.},\n\tyear = {2010},\n\tpages = {14--15},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Microbial attack of acetylated wood in field soil trials.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Mohebby, B.; and Militz, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation, 64(1): 41–50. 2010.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@article{mohebby_microbial_2010,\n\ttitle = {Microbial attack of acetylated wood in field soil trials},\n\tvolume = {64},\n\tissn = {0964-8305},\n\tshorttitle = {Microbial attack of acetylated wood in field soil trials},\n\tnumber = {1},\n\tjournal = {International Biodeterioration \\& Biodegradation},\n\tauthor = {Mohebby, B. and Militz, H.},\n\tyear = {2010},\n\tpages = {41--50},\n\tfile = {Microbial attack of acetylated wood in field soil trials:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\UC24NW9P\\\\Microbial attack of acetylated wood in field soil trials.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Verhalten von Beschichtungen auf chemisch modifizertem Holz.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Mai, C.; Xie, Y.; and Militz, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n of Holzoberflächen in der FassadengestaltungTruninger Druck AG, Zürich, 2010.\n \n\n\n\n
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@book{sah_schweizerische_arbeitsgemeinschaft_fur_holzforschung_verhalten_2010,\n\taddress = {Zürich},\n\tseries = {Holzoberflächen in der {Fassadengestaltung}},\n\ttitle = {Verhalten von {Beschichtungen} auf chemisch modifizertem {Holz}},\n\tshorttitle = {Verhalten von {Beschichtungen} auf chemisch modifizertem {Holz}},\n\tpublisher = {Truninger Druck AG},\n\tauthor = {Mai, C. and Xie, Y. and Militz, H.},\n\teditor = {SAH Schweizerische Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Holzforschung, Zürich},\n\tyear = {2010},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Anatomy of bioincised Norway spruce wood.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Lehringer, C.; Hillebrand, K.; Richter, K.; Arnold, M.; Schwarze, F. W. M. R.; and Militz, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation, 64(5): 346–355. 2010.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@article{lehringer_anatomy_2010,\n\ttitle = {Anatomy of bioincised {Norway} spruce wood},\n\tvolume = {64},\n\tissn = {0964-8305},\n\tshorttitle = {Anatomy of bioincised {Norway} spruce wood},\n\tnumber = {5},\n\tjournal = {International Biodeterioration \\& Biodegradation},\n\tauthor = {Lehringer, C. and Hillebrand, K. and Richter, K. and Arnold, M. and Schwarze, F. W. M. R. and Militz, H.},\n\tyear = {2010},\n\tpages = {346--355},\n\tfile = {Lehringer et al. - 2010 - Anatomy of bioincised Norway spruce wood.pdf:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\V7AITTD8\\\\Lehringer et al. - 2010 - Anatomy of bioincised Norway spruce wood.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Degradation of wood veneers by Fenton's reagents: Effects of wood constituents and low molecular weight phenolic compounds on hydrogen peroxide decomposition and wood tensile strength loss.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Xie, Y.; Xiao, Z.; Goodell, B.; Jellison, J.; Militz, H.; and Mai, C.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Holzforschung, 64(3): 375–383. 2010.\n \n\n\n\n
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@article{xie_degradation_2010,\n\ttitle = {Degradation of wood veneers by {Fenton}'s reagents: {Effects} of wood constituents and low molecular weight phenolic compounds on hydrogen peroxide decomposition and wood tensile strength loss},\n\tvolume = {64},\n\tissn = {1437-434X},\n\tshorttitle = {Degradation of wood veneers by {Fenton}'s reagents: {Effects} of wood constituents and low molecular weight phenolic compounds on hydrogen peroxide decomposition and wood tensile strength loss},\n\tnumber = {3},\n\tjournal = {Holzforschung},\n\tauthor = {Xie, Y. and Xiao, Z. and Goodell, B. and Jellison, J. and Militz, H. and Mai, C.},\n\tyear = {2010},\n\tpages = {375--383},\n\tfile = {hf.2010.055:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\F9MZ3DBD\\\\hf.2010.055.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Effect of Glutaraldehyde Modification on the Dynamic Water Vapour Sorption Behaviour of Scots Pine Wood.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Xie, Y.; Hill, C. A. S.; Xiao, Z.; Militz, H.; and Mai, C.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In Hill, C. A. S.; Militz, H.; and Andersons, B., editor(s), pages 81–88, 2010. \n \n\n\n\n
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@inproceedings{hill_effect_2010,\n\ttitle = {Effect of {Glutaraldehyde} {Modification} on the {Dynamic} {Water} {Vapour} {Sorption} {Behaviour} of {Scots} {Pine} {Wood}},\n\tshorttitle = {Effect of {Glutaraldehyde} {Modification} on the {Dynamic} {Water} {Vapour} {Sorption} {Behaviour} of {Scots} {Pine} {Wood}},\n\tauthor = {Xie, Y. and Hill, C. A. S. and Xiao, Z. and Militz, H. and Mai, C.},\n\teditor = {Hill, C. A. S. and Militz, H. and Andersons, B.},\n\tyear = {2010},\n\tpages = {81--88},\n\tfile = {ECWM5_2010_proceedings:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\TDS567AI\\\\ECWM5_2010_proceedings.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Effects of modification with glutaraldehyde on the mechanical properties of wood.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Xiao, Z.; Xie, Y.; Militz, H.; and Mai, C.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Holzforschung, 64(4): 475–482. 2010.\n \n\n\n\n
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@article{xiao_effects_2010,\n\ttitle = {Effects of modification with glutaraldehyde on the mechanical properties of wood},\n\tvolume = {64},\n\tissn = {1437-434X},\n\tshorttitle = {Effects of modification with glutaraldehyde on the mechanical properties of wood},\n\tnumber = {4},\n\tjournal = {Holzforschung},\n\tauthor = {Xiao, Z. and Xie, Y. and Militz, H. and Mai, C.},\n\tyear = {2010},\n\tpages = {475--482},\n\tfile = {hf.2010.058:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\J6NDJC26\\\\hf.2010.058.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Comparison of Wood Moisture Content in Coated Panels of Selected Types of Modified Wood during Natural Weathering.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Truskaller, M.; Grüll, G.; and Bollmus, S.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In Hill, C. A. S.; Militz, H.; and Andersons, B., editor(s), pages 267–270, 2010. \n \n\n\n\n
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@inproceedings{hill_comparison_2010,\n\ttitle = {Comparison of {Wood} {Moisture} {Content} in {Coated} {Panels} of {Selected} {Types} of {Modified} {Wood} during {Natural} {Weathering}},\n\tshorttitle = {Comparison of {Wood} {Moisture} {Content} in {Coated} {Panels} of {Selected} {Types} of {Modified} {Wood} during {Natural} {Weathering}},\n\tauthor = {Truskaller, M. and Grüll, G. and Bollmus, S.},\n\teditor = {Hill, C. A. S. and Militz, H. and Andersons, B.},\n\tyear = {2010},\n\tpages = {267--270},\n\tfile = {ECWM5_2010_proceedings:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\M4M9W3KG\\\\ECWM5_2010_proceedings.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Investigation on wax-impregnated wood. Part 1: Microscopic observations and 2D X-ray imaging of distinct wax types.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Scholz, G.; Van den Bulcke, J.; Boone, M.; Zauer, M.; Bäucker, E.; Van Acker, J.; and Militz, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Holzforschung, 64(5): 581–585. 2010.\n \n\n\n\n
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@article{scholz_investigation_2010,\n\ttitle = {Investigation on wax-impregnated wood. {Part} 1: {Microscopic} observations and {2D} {X}-ray imaging of distinct wax types},\n\tvolume = {64},\n\tissn = {1437-434X},\n\tshorttitle = {Investigation on wax-impregnated wood. {Part} 1: {Microscopic} observations and {2D} {X}-ray imaging of distinct wax types},\n\tnumber = {5},\n\tjournal = {Holzforschung},\n\tauthor = {Scholz, G. and Van den Bulcke, J. and Boone, M. and Zauer, M. and Bäucker, E. and Van Acker, J. and Militz, H.},\n\tyear = {2010},\n\tpages = {581--585},\n\tfile = {hf.2010.091:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\J69KAWR2\\\\hf.2010.091.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Improved termite resistance of wood by wax impregnation.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Scholz, G.; Militz, H.; Gascón-Garrido, P.; Ibiza-Palacios, M. S.; Oliver-Villanueva, J. V.; Peters, B. C.; and Fitzgerald, C. J.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation, 64(8): 688–693. 2010.\n \n\n\n\n
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@article{scholz_improved_2010,\n\ttitle = {Improved termite resistance of wood by wax impregnation},\n\tvolume = {64},\n\tissn = {0964-8305},\n\tshorttitle = {Improved termite resistance of wood by wax impregnation},\n\tnumber = {8},\n\tjournal = {International Biodeterioration \\& Biodegradation},\n\tauthor = {Scholz, G. and Militz, H. and Gascón-Garrido, P. and Ibiza-Palacios, M. S. and Oliver-Villanueva, J. V. and Peters, B. C. and Fitzgerald, C. J.},\n\tyear = {2010},\n\tpages = {688--693},\n\tfile = {Scholz et al. - 2010 - Improved termite resistance of wood by wax impregn.pdf:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\YIQQABES\\\\Scholz et al. - 2010 - Improved termite resistance of wood by wax impregn.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Beeinflussung der Holzfestigkeit durch Wachstränkung.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Scholz, G.; Krause, A.; and Militz, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Holztechnologie, 51(3): 22–27. 2010.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@article{scholz_beeinflussung_2010,\n\ttitle = {Beeinflussung der {Holzfestigkeit} durch {Wachstränkung}},\n\tvolume = {51},\n\tshorttitle = {Beeinflussung der {Holzfestigkeit} durch {Wachstränkung}},\n\tnumber = {3},\n\tjournal = {Holztechnologie},\n\tauthor = {Scholz, G. and Krause, A. and Militz, H.},\n\tyear = {2010},\n\tpages = {22--27},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Weathering Results of Wax Modified Wood after Two Years Outside Exposure.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Scholz, G.; Krause, A.; and Militz, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In Hill, C. A. S.; Militz, H.; and Andersons, B., editor(s), pages 239–242, 2010. \n \n\n\n\n
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@inproceedings{hill_weathering_2010,\n\ttitle = {Weathering {Results} of {Wax} {Modified} {Wood} after {Two} {Years} {Outside} {Exposure}},\n\tshorttitle = {Weathering {Results} of {Wax} {Modified} {Wood} after {Two} {Years} {Outside} {Exposure}},\n\tauthor = {Scholz, G. and Krause, A. and Militz, H.},\n\teditor = {Hill, C. A. S. and Militz, H. and Andersons, B.},\n\tyear = {2010},\n\tpages = {239--242},\n\tfile = {hf.2010.091:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\FIJBUHJK\\\\hf.2010.091.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Investigation on wax-impregnated wood. Part 2: Study of void spaces filled with air by He pycnometry, Hg intrusion porosimetry, and 3D X-ray imaging.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Scholz, G.; Zauer, M.; Van den Bulcke, J.; Van Loo, D.; Pfriem, A.; Van Acker, J.; and Militz, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Holzforschung, 64(5): 587–593. 2010.\n \n\n\n\n
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@article{scholz_investigation_2010-1,\n\ttitle = {Investigation on wax-impregnated wood. {Part} 2: {Study} of void spaces filled with air by {He} pycnometry, {Hg} intrusion porosimetry, and {3D} {X}-ray imaging},\n\tvolume = {64},\n\tissn = {1437-434X},\n\tshorttitle = {Investigation on wax-impregnated wood. {Part} 2: {Study} of void spaces filled with air by {He} pycnometry, {Hg} intrusion porosimetry, and {3D} {X}-ray imaging},\n\tnumber = {5},\n\tjournal = {Holzforschung},\n\tauthor = {Scholz, G. and Zauer, M. and Van den Bulcke, J. and Van Loo, D. and Pfriem, A. and Van Acker, J. and Militz, H.},\n\tyear = {2010},\n\tpages = {587--593},\n\tfile = {hf.2010.090:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\V4XIHZN8\\\\hf.2010.090.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Verklebung von wachsimprägnierter Buche unter Variation der Klebesysteme und Durchführung einer Plasmabehandlung.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Scholz, G.; Nothnick, E.; Avramidis, G.; Krause, A.; Militz, H.; Viöl, W.; and Wolkenhauer, A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n European Journal of Wood and Wood Products, 68(3): 315–321. 2010.\n \n\n\n\n
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@article{scholz_verklebung_2010,\n\ttitle = {Verklebung von wachsimprägnierter {Buche} unter {Variation} der {Klebesysteme} und {Durchführung} einer {Plasmabehandlung}},\n\tvolume = {68},\n\tissn = {0018-3768},\n\tshorttitle = {Verklebung von wachsimprägnierter {Buche} unter {Variation} der {Klebesysteme} und {Durchführung} einer {Plasmabehandlung}},\n\tnumber = {3},\n\tjournal = {European Journal of Wood and Wood Products},\n\tauthor = {Scholz, G. and Nothnick, E. and Avramidis, G. and Krause, A. and Militz, H. and Viöl, W. and Wolkenhauer, A.},\n\tyear = {2010},\n\tpages = {315--321},\n\tfile = {art%3A10.1007%2Fs00107-010-0466-2:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\5FIIZZZ7\\\\art%3A10.1007%2Fs00107-010-0466-2.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Untersuchungen zum Befallsdruck an Freileitungs-Holzmasten.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Pfeffer, A.; and Militz, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In pages 93–100, April 2010. Deutsche Gesellschaft für Holzforschung (DGfH)\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n  \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@inproceedings{pfeffer_untersuchungen_2010,\n\ttitle = {Untersuchungen zum {Befallsdruck} an {Freileitungs}-{Holzmasten}},\n\tshorttitle = {Untersuchungen zum {Befallsdruck} an {Freileitungs}-{Holzmasten}},\n\tabstract = {Das vorgestellte Projekt hat eine mehrjährige Laufzeit und wird in enger Zusammenarbeit mit der RWE bearbeitet. Die hier vorgestellten Ergebnisse sind daher vorläufige Ergebnisse, die Trends wiedergeben. Das Projekt beinhaltet Untersuchungen zu einem möglichen Befallsdruck an Mast-standorten, an denen es zu Frühausfällen kam, d.h. die Standzeit der Masten maximal 15 Jahre be-trug. Dabei werden die ausgefallenen Masten auf deren Befall hin untersucht sowie auf die Schutzmittelmenge in der befallenen Zone zum Zeitpunkt des Ausfalls. Zur Untersuchung eines möglichen Infektionsdruckes an den ausgewählten Maststandorten, verursacht durch bereits im Boden angesiedelte Pilz- und Bakterienstämme, werden Freilandversuche unter Berücksichtigung verschiedener Bodenklassen durchgeführt. Des Weiteren werden Laborversuche mit dem Boden-aushub ausgewählter Maststandorte durchgeführt. Es werden dafür Prüfkörper (Kiefer Splintholz) mit einem chromhaltigen und einem chromfreien Schutzmittel imprägniert. Als Referenz dienen un-behandelte Prüfkörper.\nDie vorläufigen Ergebnisse zeigen, dass die untersuchten Masten einen Befall durch Braun- und /oder Moderfäule aufweisen. Einige Standorte weisen eine überdurchschnittlich hohe Befallsaktivität auf. Der Befall konnte nicht auf einzelne Bodenklassen und Bodentypen zurückgeführt werden. Der Befallsdruck ist dabei standortabhängig, aber nicht an jedem Standort auf die unmittelbare Mastnähe beschränkt. Die Analyse der Schutzmittelmenge ergab bei einigen Masten eine ausrei-chende Schutzmittelmenge in den analysierten Bereichen mit einem geringen Abbau des Splinthol-zes. In den stark zerstörten Splintholzbereichen war keine Analyse möglich, da keine ausreichende Probenmenge zur Verfügung stand. Eine Aussage, ob in diesen Bereichen ebenfalls ausreichende oder eventuell zu geringe Schutzmittelmengen vorhanden waren, kann daher nicht definitiv ge-macht werden. Des Weiteren zeigten weitere Masten eine zu geringe Schutzmittelmenge in den befallenen Bereichen bzw. einen starken Gradienten in der Verteilung des Schutzmittels. Zur weite-ren Absicherung der Ergebnisse werden zurzeit Schutzmittelanalysen außerhalb der Erd-Luft-Zone bzw. außerhalb der Befallszone sowie weitere Analysen in der befallenen Zone gemacht. Weitere Untersuchungen zu den Hauptursachen der Frühausfälle der Masten sind zurzeit andauernd.},\n\tpublisher = {Deutsche Gesellschaft für Holzforschung (DGfH)},\n\tauthor = {Pfeffer, A. and Militz, H.},\n\tmonth = apr,\n\tyear = {2010},\n\tpages = {93--100},\n\tfile = {11_Untersuchungen zum Befallsdruck an Freileitungs-Holzmasten:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\3NJTPD5J\\\\11_Untersuchungen zum Befallsdruck an Freileitungs-Holzmasten.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n Das vorgestellte Projekt hat eine mehrjährige Laufzeit und wird in enger Zusammenarbeit mit der RWE bearbeitet. Die hier vorgestellten Ergebnisse sind daher vorläufige Ergebnisse, die Trends wiedergeben. Das Projekt beinhaltet Untersuchungen zu einem möglichen Befallsdruck an Mast-standorten, an denen es zu Frühausfällen kam, d.h. die Standzeit der Masten maximal 15 Jahre be-trug. Dabei werden die ausgefallenen Masten auf deren Befall hin untersucht sowie auf die Schutzmittelmenge in der befallenen Zone zum Zeitpunkt des Ausfalls. Zur Untersuchung eines möglichen Infektionsdruckes an den ausgewählten Maststandorten, verursacht durch bereits im Boden angesiedelte Pilz- und Bakterienstämme, werden Freilandversuche unter Berücksichtigung verschiedener Bodenklassen durchgeführt. Des Weiteren werden Laborversuche mit dem Boden-aushub ausgewählter Maststandorte durchgeführt. Es werden dafür Prüfkörper (Kiefer Splintholz) mit einem chromhaltigen und einem chromfreien Schutzmittel imprägniert. Als Referenz dienen un-behandelte Prüfkörper. Die vorläufigen Ergebnisse zeigen, dass die untersuchten Masten einen Befall durch Braun- und /oder Moderfäule aufweisen. Einige Standorte weisen eine überdurchschnittlich hohe Befallsaktivität auf. Der Befall konnte nicht auf einzelne Bodenklassen und Bodentypen zurückgeführt werden. Der Befallsdruck ist dabei standortabhängig, aber nicht an jedem Standort auf die unmittelbare Mastnähe beschränkt. Die Analyse der Schutzmittelmenge ergab bei einigen Masten eine ausrei-chende Schutzmittelmenge in den analysierten Bereichen mit einem geringen Abbau des Splinthol-zes. In den stark zerstörten Splintholzbereichen war keine Analyse möglich, da keine ausreichende Probenmenge zur Verfügung stand. Eine Aussage, ob in diesen Bereichen ebenfalls ausreichende oder eventuell zu geringe Schutzmittelmengen vorhanden waren, kann daher nicht definitiv ge-macht werden. Des Weiteren zeigten weitere Masten eine zu geringe Schutzmittelmenge in den befallenen Bereichen bzw. einen starken Gradienten in der Verteilung des Schutzmittels. Zur weite-ren Absicherung der Ergebnisse werden zurzeit Schutzmittelanalysen außerhalb der Erd-Luft-Zone bzw. außerhalb der Befallszone sowie weitere Analysen in der befallenen Zone gemacht. Weitere Untersuchungen zu den Hauptursachen der Frühausfälle der Masten sind zurzeit andauernd.\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Treatment of Particleboard Chips with Alkenyl Succinic Anhydride.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Hundhausen, U.; Militz, H.; and Mai, C.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Wood Research, 55(2): 25–38. 2010.\n \n\n\n\n
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@article{hundhausen_treatment_2010,\n\ttitle = {Treatment of {Particleboard} {Chips} with {Alkenyl} {Succinic} {Anhydride}},\n\tvolume = {55},\n\tshorttitle = {Treatment of {Particleboard} {Chips} with {Alkenyl} {Succinic} {Anhydride}},\n\tnumber = {2},\n\tjournal = {Wood Research},\n\tauthor = {Hundhausen, U. and Militz, H. and Mai, C.},\n\tyear = {2010},\n\tpages = {25--38},\n\tfile = {5-16-131446_WR_2_2010 04 Hundhausen_FINAL:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\B33IFB4E\\\\5-16-131446_WR_2_2010 04 Hundhausen_FINAL.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Effects of chemical modification of wood particles with glutaraldehyde and 1, 3-dimethylol-4, 5-dihydroxyethyleneurea on properties of the resulting polypropylene composites.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Xie, Y.; Xiao, Z.; Grüneberg, T.; Militz, H.; Hill, C. A. S.; Steuernagel, L.; and Mai, C.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Composites Science and Technology, 70(13): 2003–2011. 2010.\n \n\n\n\n
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@article{xie_effects_2010,\n\ttitle = {Effects of chemical modification of wood particles with glutaraldehyde and 1, 3-dimethylol-4, 5-dihydroxyethyleneurea on properties of the resulting polypropylene composites},\n\tvolume = {70},\n\tissn = {0266-3538},\n\tshorttitle = {Effects of chemical modification of wood particles with glutaraldehyde and 1, 3-dimethylol-4, 5-dihydroxyethyleneurea on properties of the resulting polypropylene composites},\n\tnumber = {13},\n\tjournal = {Composites Science and Technology},\n\tauthor = {Xie, Y. and Xiao, Z. and Grüneberg, T. and Militz, H. and Hill, C. A. S. and Steuernagel, L. and Mai, C.},\n\tyear = {2010},\n\tpages = {2003--2011},\n\tfile = {1-s2.0-S0266353810002939-main:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\7F88QKGM\\\\1-s2.0-S0266353810002939-main.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Improvement of Mechanical Properties of Injection Molded Wood/polypropylene Composites Parts with Ultrasonic Oscillation Assistant.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Xie, L.; Grueneberg, T.; Steuernagel, L.; Ziegmann, G.; and Militz, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In volume 654, pages 2636–2639, 2010. Trans Tech Publ\n \n\n\n\n
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@inproceedings{xie_improvement_2010,\n\ttitle = {Improvement of {Mechanical} {Properties} of {Injection} {Molded} {Wood}/polypropylene {Composites} {Parts} with {Ultrasonic} {Oscillation} {Assistant}},\n\tvolume = {654},\n\tisbn = {0-87849-255-0},\n\tshorttitle = {Improvement of {Mechanical} {Properties} of {Injection} {Molded} {Wood}/polypropylene {Composites} {Parts} with {Ultrasonic} {Oscillation} {Assistant}},\n\tpublisher = {Trans Tech Publ},\n\tauthor = {Xie, L. and Grueneberg, T. and Steuernagel, L. and Ziegmann, G. and Militz, H.},\n\tyear = {2010},\n\tpages = {2636--2639},\n\tfile = {Xie et al. - 2010 - Improvement of Mechanical Properties of Injection .pdf:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\D956AG2K\\\\Xie et al. - 2010 - Improvement of Mechanical Properties of Injection .pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n The Durability and Weathering Performance of Wood Treated with Glutaraldehyde.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Xiao, Z.; Xie, Y.; Militz, H.; and Mai, C.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In Hill, C. A. S.; Militz, H.; and Andersons, B., editor(s), pages 373–380, 2010. \n \n\n\n\n
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@inproceedings{hill_durability_2010,\n\ttitle = {The {Durability} and {Weathering} {Performance} of {Wood} {Treated} with {Glutaraldehyde}},\n\tshorttitle = {The {Durability} and {Weathering} {Performance} of {Wood} {Treated} with {Glutaraldehyde}},\n\tauthor = {Xiao, Z. and Xie, Y. and Militz, H. and Mai, C.},\n\teditor = {Hill, C. A. S. and Militz, H. and Andersons, B.},\n\tyear = {2010},\n\tpages = {373--380},\n\tfile = {ECWM5_2010_proceedings:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\BHGRTU2D\\\\ECWM5_2010_proceedings.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Effect of glutaraldehyde on water related properties of solid wood.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Xiao, Z.; Xie, Y.; Militz, H.; and Mai, C.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Holzforschung, 64(4): 483–488. 2010.\n \n\n\n\n
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@article{xiao_effect_2010,\n\ttitle = {Effect of glutaraldehyde on water related properties of solid wood},\n\tvolume = {64},\n\tissn = {1437-434X},\n\tshorttitle = {Effect of glutaraldehyde on water related properties of solid wood},\n\tnumber = {4},\n\tjournal = {Holzforschung},\n\tauthor = {Xiao, Z. and Xie, Y. and Militz, H. and Mai, C.},\n\tyear = {2010},\n\tpages = {483--488},\n\tfile = {hf.2010.087:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\PGJH4NKP\\\\hf.2010.087.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Evidence for an antioxidant mechanism in the durability of high-pressure steam modified wood.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Willems, W.; Tausch, A.; and Militz, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In pages 127–134, 2010. \n \n\n\n\n
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@inproceedings{willems_evidence_2010,\n\ttitle = {Evidence for an antioxidant mechanism in the durability of high-pressure steam modified wood},\n\tshorttitle = {Evidence for an antioxidant mechanism in the durability of high-pressure steam modified wood},\n\tauthor = {Willems, W. and Tausch, A. and Militz, H.},\n\tyear = {2010},\n\tpages = {127--134},\n\tfile = {ECWM5_2010_proceedings:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\SIAJQV8M\\\\ECWM5_2010_proceedings.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n A Note on Reinforcement of Polymer Matrix Composites Using Carbon Residues Derived From Woody Biomass.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Pries, M.; Militz, H.; Goodell, B.; Xinfeng Xie; Yuhui Qian; Peterson, M.; and Lopez-Anido, R.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Journal of Composite Materials, 44(15): 1883–1892. July 2010.\n \n\n\n\n
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@article{pries_note_2010,\n\ttitle = {A {Note} on {Reinforcement} of {Polymer} {Matrix} {Composites} {Using} {Carbon} {Residues} {Derived} {From} {Woody} {Biomass}},\n\tvolume = {44},\n\tissn = {0021-9983, 1530-793X},\n\turl = {http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0021998309360935},\n\tdoi = {10.1177/0021998309360935},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {15},\n\turldate = {2018-06-13},\n\tjournal = {Journal of Composite Materials},\n\tauthor = {Pries, Malte and Militz, Holger and Goodell, Barry and {Xinfeng Xie} and {Yuhui Qian} and Peterson, Michael and Lopez-Anido, Roberto},\n\tmonth = jul,\n\tyear = {2010},\n\tpages = {1883--1892},\n\tfile = {Journal of Composite Materials-2010-Pries-1883-92:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\RRCT3QJU\\\\Journal of Composite Materials-2010-Pries-1883-92.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Untersuchungen ausewählter Eigenschaften eines Verbundwerkstoffes aus Silikon-Elastomeren gefüllt mit chmisch modifizierten Holzpartikel.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Grüneberg, T.; Brandes, J.; Mai, C.; Militz, H.; Drochelmann, M.; and Rosenplänter, A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Holztechnologie, 51(4): 19–24. 2010.\n \n\n\n\n
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@article{gruneberg_untersuchungen_2010,\n\ttitle = {Untersuchungen ausewählter {Eigenschaften} eines {Verbundwerkstoffes} aus {Silikon}-{Elastomeren} gefüllt mit chmisch modifizierten {Holzpartikel}},\n\tvolume = {51},\n\tshorttitle = {Untersuchungen ausewählter {Eigenschaften} eines {Verbundwerkstoffes} aus {Silikon}-{Elastomeren} gefüllt mit chmisch modifizierten {Holzpartikel}},\n\tabstract = {Die meisten der mechanischen Eigenschaften der Holz-Elastomer-Komposite waren im Vergleich zur nicht mit Holzpartikeln gefüllten Matrix herabgesetzt. Es ist davon auszugehen, dass die Bindungen in der Grenzschicht zwischen Holzpartikeln und Matrix unzureichend sind und es somit nicht zu einer Verstärkung sondern nur zu einer Füllung kommt. Es findet keine mechanischen Verstärkung der Komposite durch eine Aufnahme und Weiterleitung der Belastung durch die Holzpartikel oder -fasern statt. Die Dichte stieg bei Einmischung der Holzpartikel an und wirkte sich auch in einer erhöhten Härte aus. Bei der Verwendung von Holzpartikeln mit ausgeprägtem Längenschlankheitsgrad (TMP-Fasern) konnte der Weiterreißwiderstand erhöht werden. Signifikant herabgesetzt werden Zugfestigkeit und Reißdehnung; die Wasseraufnahme wurde signifikant erhöht. Ein Ziel der vorliegenden Arbeit war die Substitution pyrogener Kieselsäure, welche auf Grund ihrer großen spezifischen Oberfläche eine verstärkende Wirkung auf Silikon-Compoundierungen hat. Durch das Einbringen von Holzpartikeln und -fasern als Füllstoff waren keine höheren Festigkeiten zu erzielen. Füllstoffe aus Holz sind deshalb als Ersatz für nicht verstärkende Füllstoffe wie gefällte Kieselsäure zu sehen.},\n\tnumber = {4},\n\tjournal = {Holztechnologie},\n\tauthor = {Grüneberg, T. and Brandes, J. and Mai, C. and Militz, H. and Drochelmann, M. and Rosenplänter, A.},\n\tyear = {2010},\n\tpages = {19--24},\n}\n\n
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\n Die meisten der mechanischen Eigenschaften der Holz-Elastomer-Komposite waren im Vergleich zur nicht mit Holzpartikeln gefüllten Matrix herabgesetzt. Es ist davon auszugehen, dass die Bindungen in der Grenzschicht zwischen Holzpartikeln und Matrix unzureichend sind und es somit nicht zu einer Verstärkung sondern nur zu einer Füllung kommt. Es findet keine mechanischen Verstärkung der Komposite durch eine Aufnahme und Weiterleitung der Belastung durch die Holzpartikel oder -fasern statt. Die Dichte stieg bei Einmischung der Holzpartikel an und wirkte sich auch in einer erhöhten Härte aus. Bei der Verwendung von Holzpartikeln mit ausgeprägtem Längenschlankheitsgrad (TMP-Fasern) konnte der Weiterreißwiderstand erhöht werden. Signifikant herabgesetzt werden Zugfestigkeit und Reißdehnung; die Wasseraufnahme wurde signifikant erhöht. Ein Ziel der vorliegenden Arbeit war die Substitution pyrogener Kieselsäure, welche auf Grund ihrer großen spezifischen Oberfläche eine verstärkende Wirkung auf Silikon-Compoundierungen hat. Durch das Einbringen von Holzpartikeln und -fasern als Füllstoff waren keine höheren Festigkeiten zu erzielen. Füllstoffe aus Holz sind deshalb als Ersatz für nicht verstärkende Füllstoffe wie gefällte Kieselsäure zu sehen.\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Silane coupling agents used for natural fiber/polymer composites: A review.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Xie, Y.; Hill, C. A. S.; Xiao, Z.; Militz, H.; and Mai, C.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing, 41(7): 806–819. July 2010.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n \"SilanePaper\n  \n \n\n \n \n doi\n  \n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@article{xie_silane_2010,\n\ttitle = {Silane coupling agents used for natural fiber/polymer composites: {A} review},\n\tvolume = {41},\n\tissn = {1359835X},\n\tshorttitle = {Silane coupling agents used for natural fiber/polymer composites},\n\turl = {http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1359835X10000850},\n\tdoi = {10.1016/j.compositesa.2010.03.005},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {7},\n\turldate = {2017-09-22},\n\tjournal = {Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing},\n\tauthor = {Xie, Y. and Hill, C. A. S. and Xiao, Z. and Militz, H. and Mai, C.},\n\tmonth = jul,\n\tyear = {2010},\n\tpages = {806--819},\n\tfile = {2010 Composites A 41 806:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\KJWEST44\\\\2010 Composites A 41 806.pdf:application/pdf;Xie (2010) Silane coupling agents used for natural fiberpolymer composites - A review.pdf:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\XZT3XXI4\\\\Xie (2010) Silane coupling agents used for natural fiberpolymer composites - A review.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n  \n 2009\n \n \n (45)\n \n \n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Investigations on the drying behavior of adhesives on plasma-treated wood materials.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Wolkenhauer, A.; Avramidis, G.; Hauswald, E.; Loose, S.; Viöl, W.; and Militz, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Wood Research, 54(1): 59–66. 2009.\n \n\n\n\n
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@article{wolkenhauer_investigations_2009,\n\ttitle = {Investigations on the drying behavior of adhesives on plasma-treated wood materials},\n\tvolume = {54},\n\tshorttitle = {Investigations on the drying behavior of adhesives on plasma-treated wood materials},\n\tnumber = {1},\n\tjournal = {Wood Research},\n\tauthor = {Wolkenhauer, A. and Avramidis, G. and Hauswald, E. and Loose, S. and Viöl, W. and Militz, H.},\n\tyear = {2009},\n\tpages = {59--66},\n\tfile = {1-1-152708_WR_1_2009 06-Wolkenhauer:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\MWCMSJSJ\\\\1-1-152708_WR_1_2009 06-Wolkenhauer.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Challenges in wood modification technology on the way to practical applications.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Militz, H.; and Lande, S.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Wood Material Science and Engineering, 4(1/2): 23–29. 2009.\n \n\n\n\n
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@article{militz_challenges_2009,\n\ttitle = {Challenges in wood modification technology on the way to practical applications},\n\tvolume = {4},\n\tissn = {1748-0272},\n\tshorttitle = {Challenges in wood modification technology on the way to practical applications},\n\tnumber = {1/2},\n\tjournal = {Wood Material Science and Engineering},\n\tauthor = {Militz, H. and Lande, S.},\n\tyear = {2009},\n\tpages = {23--29},\n\tfile = {17480270903275578:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\3QI5WCCS\\\\17480270903275578.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Hafterleichterung -Plasma steigert Haftung von HWS-Oberflächen - schnellere Trocknung von Leimen.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Napp, M.; Rehn, P.; Wolkenhauer, A.; Avramidis, G.; Militz, H.; and Viöl, W.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Holz-Zentralblatt, 2009(Juni): 72–75. 2009.\n \n\n\n\n
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@article{napp_hafterleichterung_2009,\n\ttitle = {Hafterleichterung -{Plasma} steigert {Haftung} von {HWS}-{Oberflächen} - schnellere {Trocknung} von {Leimen}},\n\tvolume = {2009},\n\tshorttitle = {Hafterleichterung -{Plasma} steigert {Haftung} von {HWS}-{Oberflächen} - schnellere {Trocknung} von {Leimen}},\n\tnumber = {Juni},\n\tjournal = {Holz-Zentralblatt},\n\tauthor = {Napp, M. and Rehn, P. and Wolkenhauer, A. and Avramidis, G. and Militz, H. and Viöl, W.},\n\tyear = {2009},\n\tpages = {72--75},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n The Right Way of Using Modified Wood Products for Windows.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Moarcas, O.; and Krause, A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In Englund, F.; Hill, C. A. S.; Militz, H.; and Segerholm, B. K., editor(s), pages 319–326, 2009. \n \n\n\n\n
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@inproceedings{englund_right_2009,\n\ttitle = {The {Right} {Way} of {Using} {Modified} {Wood} {Products} for {Windows}},\n\tshorttitle = {The {Right} {Way} of {Using} {Modified} {Wood} {Products} for {Windows}},\n\tauthor = {Moarcas, O. and Krause, A.},\n\teditor = {Englund, F. and Hill, C. A. S. and Militz, H. and Segerholm, B. K.},\n\tyear = {2009},\n\tpages = {319--326},\n\tfile = {5_Moarcas_and_Krause:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\QRR94S64\\\\5_Moarcas_and_Krause.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Verwendung von Polymeren mit Amino- bzw. Ammoniumgruppen zur Erhöhung der Dauerhaftigkeit von Holz gegenüber holzbesiedelnden Pilzen.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Militz, H.; and Mai, C.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n 2009.\n \n\n\n\n
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@patent{militz_verwendung_2009,\n\ttitle = {Verwendung von {Polymeren} mit {Amino}- bzw. {Ammoniumgruppen} zur {Erhöhung} der {Dauerhaftigkeit} von {Holz} gegenüber holzbesiedelnden {Pilzen}},\n\tshorttitle = {Verwendung von {Polymeren} mit {Amino}- bzw. {Ammoniumgruppen} zur {Erhöhung} der {Dauerhaftigkeit} von {Holz} gegenüber holzbesiedelnden {Pilzen}},\n\tauthor = {Militz, H. and Mai, C.},\n\tyear = {2009},\n\tfile = {DE102008005875A1_1:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\SCKMI6N3\\\\DE102008005875A1_1.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Mode of Action of DMDHEU Treatment against Wood Decay by Ehite and Brown Rot Fungi.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Mai, C.; Verma, P.; Xie, Y.; Dyckmans, J.; and Militz, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In Englund, F.; Hill, C. A. S.; Militz, H.; and Segerholm, B. K., editor(s), pages 45–52, 2009. \n \n\n\n\n
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@inproceedings{englund_mode_2009,\n\ttitle = {Mode of {Action} of {DMDHEU} {Treatment} against {Wood} {Decay} by {Ehite} and {Brown} {Rot} {Fungi}},\n\tshorttitle = {Mode of {Action} of {DMDHEU} {Treatment} against {Wood} {Decay} by {Ehite} and {Brown} {Rot} {Fungi}},\n\tauthor = {Mai, C. and Verma, P. and Xie, Y. and Dyckmans, J. and Militz, H.},\n\teditor = {Englund, F. and Hill, C. A. S. and Militz, H. and Segerholm, B. K.},\n\tyear = {2009},\n\tpages = {45--52},\n\tfile = {1_Mai_et_al:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\QSRTVCH7\\\\1_Mai_et_al.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Bioincised Wood as Substrate for Surface Modifications.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Lehringer, C.; Arnold, M.; Richter, K.; Schubert, M.; Schwarze, F.; and Militz, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In Englund, F.; Hill, C. A. S.; Militz, H.; and Segerholm, B. K., editor(s), pages 197–200, 2009. \n \n\n\n\n
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@inproceedings{englund_bioincised_2009,\n\ttitle = {Bioincised {Wood} as {Substrate} for {Surface} {Modifications}},\n\tshorttitle = {Bioincised {Wood} as {Substrate} for {Surface} {Modifications}},\n\tauthor = {Lehringer, C. and Arnold, M. and Richter, K. and Schubert, M. and Schwarze, F. and Militz, H.},\n\teditor = {Englund, F. and Hill, C. A. S. and Militz, H. and Segerholm, B. K.},\n\tyear = {2009},\n\tpages = {197--200},\n\tfile = {01_Lehringer_et_al:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\XECZBETV\\\\01_Lehringer_et_al.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Chemical Modification of Veneers to produce Plywood for Outdoor Application.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Kloeser, L.; Trinh, H. M.; Hauptmann, M.; Militz, H.; and Mai, C.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In Hughes, M.; Kotilahti, T.; and Rohumaa, A., editor(s), pages 231–237, 2009. \n \n\n\n\n
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@inproceedings{hughes_chemical_2009,\n\ttitle = {Chemical {Modification} of {Veneers} to produce {Plywood} for {Outdoor} {Application}},\n\tshorttitle = {Chemical {Modification} of {Veneers} to produce {Plywood} for {Outdoor} {Application}},\n\tauthor = {Kloeser, L. and Trinh, H. M. and Hauptmann, M. and Militz, H. and Mai, C.},\n\teditor = {Hughes, M. and Kotilahti, T. and Rohumaa, A.},\n\tyear = {2009},\n\tpages = {231--237},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Modification of Domestic Timbers by Impregnation using Supercritical Carbon Dioxide A Comparison.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Jelen, E.; and Ghosh, S. C.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In Englund, F.; Hill, C. A. S.; Militz, H.; and Segerholm, B. K., editor(s), pages 111–116, 2009. \n \n\n\n\n
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@inproceedings{englund_modification_2009,\n\ttitle = {Modification of {Domestic} {Timbers} by {Impregnation} using {Supercritical} {Carbon} {Dioxide} {A} {Comparison}},\n\tshorttitle = {Modification of {Domestic} {Timbers} by {Impregnation} using {Supercritical} {Carbon} {Dioxide} {A} {Comparison}},\n\tauthor = {Jelen, E. and Ghosh, S. C.},\n\teditor = {Englund, F. and Hill, C. A. S. and Militz, H. and Segerholm, B. K.},\n\tyear = {2009},\n\tpages = {111--116},\n\tfile = {3_Jelen_and_Ghosh:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\2NZI829U\\\\3_Jelen_and_Ghosh.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Procedural influence on the properties of particleboards made from AKD modified chips.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Hundhausen, U.; Stohldreier, R.; Militz, H.; and Mai, C.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n European Journal of Wood and Wood Products, 67(3): 303–311. 2009.\n \n\n\n\n
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@article{hundhausen_procedural_2009,\n\ttitle = {Procedural influence on the properties of particleboards made from {AKD} modified chips},\n\tvolume = {67},\n\tissn = {0018-3768},\n\tshorttitle = {Procedural influence on the properties of particleboards made from {AKD} modified chips},\n\tnumber = {3},\n\tjournal = {European Journal of Wood and Wood Products},\n\tauthor = {Hundhausen, U. and Stohldreier, R. and Militz, H. and Mai, C.},\n\tyear = {2009},\n\tpages = {303--311},\n\tfile = {art%3A10.1007%2Fs00107-009-0309-1:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\V8KTAX36\\\\art%3A10.1007%2Fs00107-009-0309-1.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Plasma treatment of wood and wood-based materials to generate hydrophilic or hydrophobic surface characteristics.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Avramidis, G.; Hauswald, E.; Lyapin, A.; Militz, H.; Viöl, W.; and Wolkenhauer, A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Wood Material Science and Engineering, 4(1-2): 52–60. 2009.\n \n\n\n\n
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@article{avramidis_plasma_2009,\n\ttitle = {Plasma treatment of wood and wood-based materials to generate hydrophilic or hydrophobic surface characteristics},\n\tvolume = {4},\n\tissn = {1748-0272},\n\tshorttitle = {Plasma treatment of wood and wood-based materials to generate hydrophilic or hydrophobic surface characteristics},\n\tnumber = {1-2},\n\tjournal = {Wood Material Science and Engineering},\n\tauthor = {Avramidis, G. and Hauswald, E. and Lyapin, A. and Militz, H. and Viöl, W. and Wolkenhauer, A.},\n\tyear = {2009},\n\tpages = {52--60},\n\tfile = {17480270903281642:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\PP73MJVI\\\\17480270903281642.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Natural Weathering of Scots Pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) Wood Modified by Functionalized Commercial Silicone Emulsions.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Ghosh, S. C.; Militz, H.; and Mai, C.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In Englund, F.; Hill, C. A. S.; Militz, H.; and Segerholm, B. K., editor(s), pages 253–260, 2009. \n \n\n\n\n
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@inproceedings{englund_natural_2009,\n\ttitle = {Natural {Weathering} of {Scots} {Pine} ({Pinus} sylvestris {L}.) {Wood} {Modified} by {Functionalized} {Commercial} {Silicone} {Emulsions}},\n\tshorttitle = {Natural {Weathering} of {Scots} {Pine} ({Pinus} sylvestris {L}.) {Wood} {Modified} by {Functionalized} {Commercial} {Silicone} {Emulsions}},\n\tauthor = {Ghosh, S. C. and Militz, H. and Mai, C.},\n\teditor = {Englund, F. and Hill, C. A. S. and Militz, H. and Segerholm, B. K.},\n\tyear = {2009},\n\tpages = {253--260},\n\tfile = {2_Ghosh_et_al:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\RFEHVXQC\\\\2_Ghosh_et_al.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n The Fourth European Conference on Wood Modification.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Englund, F.; Hill, C. A. S.; Militz, H.; and Segerholm, B. K.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In Englund, F.; Hill, C. A. S.; Militz, H.; and Segerholm, B. K., editor(s), pages 1–584, 2009. \n \n\n\n\n
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@inproceedings{englund_fourth_2009,\n\ttitle = {The {Fourth} {European} {Conference} on {Wood} {Modification}},\n\tshorttitle = {The {Fourth} {European} {Conference} on {Wood} {Modification}},\n\tauthor = {Englund, F. and Hill, C. A. S. and Militz, H. and Segerholm, B. K.},\n\teditor = {Englund, F. and Hill, C. A. S. and Militz, H. and Segerholm, B. K.},\n\tyear = {2009},\n\tpages = {1--584},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n The Determination of EMC and its Effect on the Analysis of Moisture Sorption in Wood Modified with DMDHEU.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Dieste, A.; Krause, A.; Mai, C.; and Militz, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In Englund, F.; Hill, C. A. S.; Militz, H.; and Segerholm, B. K., editor(s), pages 85–91, 2009. \n \n\n\n\n
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@inproceedings{englund_determination_2009,\n\ttitle = {The {Determination} of {EMC} and its {Effect} on the {Analysis} of {Moisture} {Sorption} in {Wood} {Modified} with {DMDHEU}},\n\tshorttitle = {The {Determination} of {EMC} and its {Effect} on the {Analysis} of {Moisture} {Sorption} in {Wood} {Modified} with {DMDHEU}},\n\tauthor = {Dieste, A. and Krause, A. and Mai, C. and Militz, H.},\n\teditor = {Englund, F. and Hill, C. A. S. and Militz, H. and Segerholm, B. K.},\n\tyear = {2009},\n\tpages = {85--91},\n\tfile = {6_Dieste_et_al:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\I3MABRI7\\\\6_Dieste_et_al.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Gluing ability of plywood produced with DMDHEU-modified veneers of\\textless i\\textgreater Fagus sp., Betula sp., and Picea sp.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Dieste, A.; Krause, A.; Bollmus, S.; and Militz, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n International Journal of Adhesion and Adhesives, 29(2): 206–209. 2009.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
\n 
@article{dieste_gluing_2009,\n\ttitle = {Gluing ability of plywood produced with {DMDHEU}-modified veneers of{\\textless} i{\\textgreater} {Fagus} sp., {Betula} sp., and {Picea} sp.},\n\tvolume = {29},\n\tissn = {0143-7496},\n\tshorttitle = {Gluing ability of plywood produced with {DMDHEU}-modified veneers of{\\textless} i{\\textgreater} {Fagus} sp., {Betula} sp., and {Picea} sp.},\n\tnumber = {2},\n\tjournal = {International Journal of Adhesion and Adhesives},\n\tauthor = {Dieste, A. and Krause, A. and Bollmus, S. and Militz, H.},\n\tyear = {2009},\n\tpages = {206--209},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Beech Plywood Modified with DMDHEU: Anti-Swelling Efficiency, Mechanical Properties, Gluing Ability and Protection Against Weathering Discoloration.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Dieste, A.; Krause, A.; Bollmus, S.; Kloeser, L.; and Militz, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In Hughes, M.; Kotilahti, T.; and Rohumaa, A., editor(s), pages 239–246, 2009. \n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
\n 
@inproceedings{hughes_beech_2009,\n\ttitle = {Beech {Plywood} {Modified} with {DMDHEU}: {Anti}-{Swelling} {Efficiency}, {Mechanical} {Properties}, {Gluing} {Ability} and {Protection} {Against} {Weathering} {Discoloration}},\n\tshorttitle = {Beech {Plywood} {Modified} with {DMDHEU}: {Anti}-{Swelling} {Efficiency}, {Mechanical} {Properties}, {Gluing} {Ability} and {Protection} {Against} {Weathering} {Discoloration}},\n\tauthor = {Dieste, A. and Krause, A. and Bollmus, S. and Kloeser, L. and Militz, H.},\n\teditor = {Hughes, M. and Kotilahti, T. and Rohumaa, A.},\n\tyear = {2009},\n\tpages = {239--246},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Optimierung des Modifizierungsprozesses und der Materialeigenschaften von Buchenholz.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Bollmus, S.; Dieste, A.; Militz, H.; and Rademacher, P.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Forst und Holz, 64(7/8): 30–34. 2009.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@article{bollmus_optimierung_2009,\n\ttitle = {Optimierung des {Modifizierungsprozesses} und der {Materialeigenschaften} von {Buchenholz}},\n\tvolume = {64},\n\tshorttitle = {Optimierung des {Modifizierungsprozesses} und der {Materialeigenschaften} von {Buchenholz}},\n\tnumber = {7/8},\n\tjournal = {Forst und Holz},\n\tauthor = {Bollmus, S. and Dieste, A. and Militz, H. and Rademacher, P.},\n\tyear = {2009},\n\tpages = {30--34},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Hydrothermal modification for upgrading the durability properties of soft deciduous wood.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Andersons, B.; Andersone, I.; Biziks, V.; Irbe, I.; Chirkova, J.; Sansonetti, E.; Grinins, J.; and Militz, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In May 2009. \n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n doi\n  \n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n  \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@inproceedings{andersons_hydrothermal_2009,\n\ttitle = {Hydrothermal modification for upgrading the durability properties of soft deciduous wood},\n\tdoi = {IRG/WP 10-40494},\n\tabstract = {To extend the application potentialities of soft deciduous wood, upgrading the durability properties, hydrothermal modification (HTM) of aspen alder and birch wood was investigated. The treatment was conducted in a multifunctional laboratory device WTT. In the previous cases it has been found that the treatment at 160oC improves the durability insufficiently. The modification at 180oC ensured a high resistance against white and brown rot fungi, but showed relatively great mass losses and a decrease in mechanical strength. In the further studies, a compromise between the improvement of durability and the decrease of mechanical strength will be looked for. HTM was carried out at the regimes 160oC/3 h and 170oC/1 h. Chemical composition, mechanical strength, microstructure, surface hydrophobility, durability against rot fungi, including after leaching, were determined for HT modified wood. It has been found that there are no essential differences among bending strength, hygroscopicity and surface contact angle at the regimes 160oC/3 h and 170oC/1 h for HT modified soft deciduous wood. The modified birch wood is the least durable against the test fungi, in comparison with aspen and alder wood. To ensure its durability, a higher modification temperature of at least 170oC is necessary, but to ensure mass losses below 3\\% - holding at 180oC is required. The durability of aspen wood against brown rot fungi can be reached with treatment at 170oC/1 h, but a temperature of 180oC is required for the protection against the white rot fungus. Modified alder wood is most durable against biodegradation. After leaching the modified aspen and birch wood, the durability against the action of P.placenta and C.versicolor increases. The fungi tests testify that, for the complex protection of aspen and birch wood (for reaching the durability class 1), HTM at 180oC is necessary but the wood modified under these conditions looses the strength dramatically. In its turn, to ensure the durability of alder wood, so high temperature is not required and the treatment at 170oC/1 h is enough.},\n\tauthor = {Andersons, B. and Andersone, I. and Biziks, V. and Irbe, I. and Chirkova, J. and Sansonetti, E. and Grinins, J. and Militz, H.},\n\tmonth = may,\n\tyear = {2009},\n\tkeywords = {Durability, bending strength, hydrothermal modification, hygroscopicity, soft deciduous wood},\n\tfile = {IRG 10-40494:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\BKRHKP27\\\\IRG 10-40494.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n To extend the application potentialities of soft deciduous wood, upgrading the durability properties, hydrothermal modification (HTM) of aspen alder and birch wood was investigated. The treatment was conducted in a multifunctional laboratory device WTT. In the previous cases it has been found that the treatment at 160oC improves the durability insufficiently. The modification at 180oC ensured a high resistance against white and brown rot fungi, but showed relatively great mass losses and a decrease in mechanical strength. In the further studies, a compromise between the improvement of durability and the decrease of mechanical strength will be looked for. HTM was carried out at the regimes 160oC/3 h and 170oC/1 h. Chemical composition, mechanical strength, microstructure, surface hydrophobility, durability against rot fungi, including after leaching, were determined for HT modified wood. It has been found that there are no essential differences among bending strength, hygroscopicity and surface contact angle at the regimes 160oC/3 h and 170oC/1 h for HT modified soft deciduous wood. The modified birch wood is the least durable against the test fungi, in comparison with aspen and alder wood. To ensure its durability, a higher modification temperature of at least 170oC is necessary, but to ensure mass losses below 3% - holding at 180oC is required. The durability of aspen wood against brown rot fungi can be reached with treatment at 170oC/1 h, but a temperature of 180oC is required for the protection against the white rot fungus. Modified alder wood is most durable against biodegradation. After leaching the modified aspen and birch wood, the durability against the action of P.placenta and C.versicolor increases. The fungi tests testify that, for the complex protection of aspen and birch wood (for reaching the durability class 1), HTM at 180oC is necessary but the wood modified under these conditions looses the strength dramatically. In its turn, to ensure the durability of alder wood, so high temperature is not required and the treatment at 170oC/1 h is enough.\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Holz und Kunststoff - die Eigenschaften der Rohstoffe für Wood Plastic Composites (WPC). Teil 2.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Grüneberg, T.; Mai, C.; Militz, H.; Radovanovic, I.; Kretschmer, K.; and Kurda, K.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Holztechnologie, 50(3): 28–31. 2009.\n \n\n\n\n
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@article{gruneberg_holz_2009,\n\ttitle = {Holz und {Kunststoff} - die {Eigenschaften} der {Rohstoffe} für {Wood} {Plastic} {Composites} ({WPC}). {Teil} 2.},\n\tvolume = {50},\n\tshorttitle = {Holz und {Kunststoff} - die {Eigenschaften} der {Rohstoffe} für {Wood} {Plastic} {Composites} ({WPC}). {Teil} 2.},\n\tnumber = {3},\n\tjournal = {Holztechnologie},\n\tauthor = {Grüneberg, T. and Mai, C. and Militz, H. and Radovanovic, I. and Kretschmer, K. and Kurda, K.},\n\tyear = {2009},\n\tpages = {28--31},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Holz und Kunststoff - die Eigenschaften der Rohstoffe für Wood Plastic Composites (WPC).\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Grüneberg, T.; Mai, C.; Militz, H.; Radovanovic, I.; Kretschmer, K.; and Kurda, K.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Holztechnologie, 50(2): 37–40. 2009.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@article{gruneberg_holz_2009-1,\n\ttitle = {Holz und {Kunststoff} - die {Eigenschaften} der {Rohstoffe} für {Wood} {Plastic} {Composites} ({WPC})},\n\tvolume = {50},\n\tshorttitle = {Holz und {Kunststoff} - die {Eigenschaften} der {Rohstoffe} für {Wood} {Plastic} {Composites} ({WPC})},\n\tnumber = {2},\n\tjournal = {Holztechnologie},\n\tauthor = {Grüneberg, T. and Mai, C. and Militz, H. and Radovanovic, I. and Kretschmer, K. and Kurda, K.},\n\tyear = {2009},\n\tpages = {37--40},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Improvement of Interfacial Bonding of WPC Based on Various Maleic Acid Anhydride Pre-treatments.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Grüneberg, T.; Krause, A.; Mai, C.; and Militz, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In Englund, F.; Hill, C. A. S.; Militz, H.; and Segerholm, B. K., editor(s), pages 235–238, 2009. \n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@inproceedings{englund_improvement_2009,\n\ttitle = {Improvement of {Interfacial} {Bonding} of {WPC} {Based} on {Various} {Maleic} {Acid} {Anhydride} {Pre}-treatments},\n\tshorttitle = {Improvement of {Interfacial} {Bonding} of {WPC} {Based} on {Various} {Maleic} {Acid} {Anhydride} {Pre}-treatments},\n\tauthor = {Grüneberg, T. and Krause, A. and Mai, C. and Militz, H.},\n\teditor = {Englund, F. and Hill, C. A. S. and Militz, H. and Segerholm, B. K.},\n\tyear = {2009},\n\tpages = {235--238},\n\tfile = {10_Grüneberg_et_al:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\JKMV6NWR\\\\10_Grüneberg_et_al.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Simulation and Investigation of Wood Degradation by Erosion Bacteria in Laboratory Experiments.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Gelbrich, J.; Kretschmar, E. I.; Lamersdorf, N.; and Militz, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In May 2009. \n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n doi\n  \n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n  \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@inproceedings{gelbrich_simulation_2009,\n\ttitle = {Simulation and {Investigation} of {Wood} {Degradation} by {Erosion} {Bacteria} in {Laboratory} {Experiments}},\n\tdoi = {IRG/WP 10-20431},\n\tabstract = {A Microcosm experiment was successfully set up to establish, monitor and manipulate bacterial wood degradation under low oxygen conditions. Sound pine sticks were placed in waterlogged sediment from a heavily decayed pine pile foundation site in Amsterdam. The system was subject to different gassing treatment regimes in order to investigate the role of oxygen in the bacterial degradation process of wood. In different treatments, microcosm head space was aerated with air, air + O2 or N2. As a fourth treatment the air aeration was combined with a vertical water circulation through the whole Microcosm. Some Microcosms were equipped with oxygen sensors (optodes) to measure the oxygen concentration during the experiment in different depths. Wood degradation was microscopically detected and a classification for low decay intensities was developed. It was found that bacterial wood degradation occurred in all treatments detectable after 150 days. The fastest rate of decay developed in 120 days and was most intense in the water circulated treatment. The used approach was successful in simulating bacterial wood degradation under reproducible laboratory conditions. The presented set up can be used as a base for further investigations regarding optimal living conditions of and preservation strategies against erosion bacteria. Further investigations, especially long-term experiments, are necessary to understand the complex interaction of the bacterial wood degradation. Therefore, it is important to test preservation strategies in the laboratory before using it in the real environments, which will be possible with such an experimental design.},\n\tauthor = {Gelbrich, J. and Kretschmar, E. I. and Lamersdorf, N. and Militz, H.},\n\tmonth = may,\n\tyear = {2009},\n\tkeywords = {decay simulation, erosion bacteria, low decay classification, Microcosms, waterlogged wood, wood degradation},\n\tfile = {IRG 10-20431:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\5IRXCZRG\\\\IRG 10-20431.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n A Microcosm experiment was successfully set up to establish, monitor and manipulate bacterial wood degradation under low oxygen conditions. Sound pine sticks were placed in waterlogged sediment from a heavily decayed pine pile foundation site in Amsterdam. The system was subject to different gassing treatment regimes in order to investigate the role of oxygen in the bacterial degradation process of wood. In different treatments, microcosm head space was aerated with air, air + O2 or N2. As a fourth treatment the air aeration was combined with a vertical water circulation through the whole Microcosm. Some Microcosms were equipped with oxygen sensors (optodes) to measure the oxygen concentration during the experiment in different depths. Wood degradation was microscopically detected and a classification for low decay intensities was developed. It was found that bacterial wood degradation occurred in all treatments detectable after 150 days. The fastest rate of decay developed in 120 days and was most intense in the water circulated treatment. The used approach was successful in simulating bacterial wood degradation under reproducible laboratory conditions. The presented set up can be used as a base for further investigations regarding optimal living conditions of and preservation strategies against erosion bacteria. Further investigations, especially long-term experiments, are necessary to understand the complex interaction of the bacterial wood degradation. Therefore, it is important to test preservation strategies in the laboratory before using it in the real environments, which will be possible with such an experimental design.\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Comparison between different decay assessment methods.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Friese, F.; Larnøy, E.; Alfredsen, G.; Pfeffer, A.; and Militz, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In pages 85–91, 2009. \n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@inproceedings{friese_comparison_2009,\n\ttitle = {Comparison between different decay assessment methods},\n\tshorttitle = {Comparison between different decay assessment methods},\n\tauthor = {Friese, F. and Larnøy, E. and Alfredsen, G. and Pfeffer, A. and Militz, H.},\n\tyear = {2009},\n\tpages = {85--91},\n\tfile = {comparison_between_different_decay_assessment_detection:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\3PRQ9S7A\\\\comparison_between_different_decay_assessment_detection.pdf:application/pdf;WSE 2009 proceedings:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\25VDSUSP\\\\WSE 2009 proceedings.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Materialeigenschaften von modifiziertem Buchenholz.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Bollmus, S.; Dieste, A.; Militz, H.; and Rademacher, P.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Forst und Holz, 64(7/8): 30–34. 2009.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@article{bollmus_materialeigenschaften_2009,\n\ttitle = {Materialeigenschaften von modifiziertem {Buchenholz}},\n\tvolume = {64},\n\tshorttitle = {Materialeigenschaften von modifiziertem {Buchenholz}},\n\tnumber = {7/8},\n\tjournal = {Forst und Holz},\n\tauthor = {Bollmus, S. and Dieste, A. and Militz, H. and Rademacher, P.},\n\tyear = {2009},\n\tpages = {30--34},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Water repellent coatings on wood surfaces generated by dielectric barrier discharge plasma jet at atmospheric pressure.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Avramidis, G.; Wolkenhauer, A.; Zhen, B.; Militz, H.; and Viöl, W.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In Englund, F.; Hill, C. A. S.; Militz, H.; and Segerholm, B. K., editor(s), pages 269–275, 2009. \n \n\n\n\n
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@inproceedings{englund_water_2009,\n\ttitle = {Water repellent coatings on wood surfaces generated by dielectric barrier discharge plasma jet at atmospheric pressure},\n\tshorttitle = {Water repellent coatings on wood surfaces generated by dielectric barrier discharge plasma jet at atmospheric pressure},\n\tauthor = {Avramidis, G. and Wolkenhauer, A. and Zhen, B. and Militz, H. and Viöl, W.},\n\teditor = {Englund, F. and Hill, C. A. S. and Militz, H. and Segerholm, B. K.},\n\tyear = {2009},\n\tpages = {269--275},\n\tfile = {4_Avramidis_et_al:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\PFMMGRN8\\\\4_Avramidis_et_al.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n The efficacy of commercial silicones against blue stain and mould fungi in wood.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Ghosh, S. C.; Militz, H.; and Mai, C.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n European Journal of Wood and Wood Products, 67(2): 159–167. 2009.\n \n\n\n\n
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@article{ghosh_efficacy_2009,\n\ttitle = {The efficacy of commercial silicones against blue stain and mould fungi in wood},\n\tvolume = {67},\n\tissn = {0018-3768},\n\tshorttitle = {The efficacy of commercial silicones against blue stain and mould fungi in wood},\n\tnumber = {2},\n\tjournal = {European Journal of Wood and Wood Products},\n\tauthor = {Ghosh, S. C. and Militz, H. and Mai, C.},\n\tyear = {2009},\n\tpages = {159--167},\n\tfile = {art%3A10.1007%2Fs00107-008-0296-7:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\PUAZQPW6\\\\art%3A10.1007%2Fs00107-008-0296-7.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Innovative, modifizierte Buchenholzprodukte.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Rademacher, P.; Militz, H.; Hansen, J.; Schmidt, M.; Nagel, J.; Spellmann, H.; Bollmus, S.; Dieste, A.; Puttmann, S.; Welling, H.; Ohlmeyer, M.; Rödl, A.; Albrecht, C. M.; and Bauer, H. H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, 2009.\n \n\n\n\n
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@book{rademacher_innovative_2009,\n\ttitle = {Innovative, modifizierte {Buchenholzprodukte}},\n\tshorttitle = {Innovative, modifizierte {Buchenholzprodukte}},\n\tpublisher = {Georg-August-Universität Göttingen},\n\tauthor = {Rademacher, P. and Militz, H. and Hansen, J. and Schmidt, M. and Nagel, J. and Spellmann, H. and Bollmus, S. and Dieste, A. and Puttmann, S. and Welling, H. and Ohlmeyer, M. and Rödl, A. and Albrecht, C. M. and Bauer, H. H.},\n\tyear = {2009},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Produktbeispiele fur die industrielle Anwendung von modifiziertem Buchenholz.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Rademacher, P.; Bollmus, S.; Puttmann, S.; Dieste, A.; Krause, A.; and Militz, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Forst und Holz, 64(7/8): 35–39. 2009.\n \n\n\n\n
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@article{rademacher_produktbeispiele_2009,\n\ttitle = {Produktbeispiele fur die industrielle {Anwendung} von modifiziertem {Buchenholz}},\n\tvolume = {64},\n\tissn = {0932-9315},\n\tshorttitle = {Produktbeispiele fur die industrielle {Anwendung} von modifiziertem {Buchenholz}},\n\tnumber = {7/8},\n\tjournal = {Forst und Holz},\n\tauthor = {Rademacher, P. and Bollmus, S. and Puttmann, S. and Dieste, A. and Krause, A. and Militz, H.},\n\tyear = {2009},\n\tpages = {35--39},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n A review on promising approaches for liquid permeability improvement in softwoods.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Lehringer, C.; Richter, K.; Schwarze, F.; and Militz, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Wood and Fiber Science, 41(4): 373–385. 2009.\n \n\n\n\n
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@article{lehringer_review_2009,\n\ttitle = {A review on promising approaches for liquid permeability improvement in softwoods},\n\tvolume = {41},\n\tissn = {0735-6161},\n\tshorttitle = {A review on promising approaches for liquid permeability improvement in softwoods},\n\tnumber = {4},\n\tjournal = {Wood and Fiber Science},\n\tauthor = {Lehringer, C. and Richter, K. and Schwarze, F. and Militz, H.},\n\tyear = {2009},\n\tpages = {373--385},\n\tfile = {Lehringer et al. - 2009 - A review on promising approaches for liquid permea.pdf:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\4XINJ4ER\\\\Lehringer et al. - 2009 - A review on promising approaches for liquid permea.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Schutzmittel für lignocellulosisches Material auf Basis von Fettsäure- und Paraffinderivaten.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Militz, H.; Mai, C.; and Nguyen, H. M.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n 2009.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@patent{militz_schutzmittel_2009,\n\ttitle = {Schutzmittel für lignocellulosisches {Material} auf {Basis} von {Fettsäure}- und {Paraffinderivaten}},\n\tshorttitle = {Schutzmittel für lignocellulosisches {Material} auf {Basis} von {Fettsäure}- und {Paraffinderivaten}},\n\tauthor = {Militz, H. and Mai, C. and Nguyen, H. M.},\n\tyear = {2009},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n The Use of Micro-Tensile Testing to Assess Weathering Decay and Oxidative Degradation of Wooden Items.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Mai, C.; Xie, Y.; Xiao, Z.; Evans, P. D.; and Militz, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In May 2009. \n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n doi\n  \n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n  \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@inproceedings{mai_use_2009,\n\ttitle = {The {Use} of {Micro}-{Tensile} {Testing} to {Assess} {Weathering} {Decay} and {Oxidative} {Degradation} of {Wooden} {Items}},\n\tdoi = {IRG/WP 10-20433},\n\tabstract = {This paper presents a method to study the weathering performance of wooden items and to assess the oxidative degradation of wood via the Fenton reaction. Weathering resistance and photo-stability of wood was tested using pine wood (Pinus sylvestris) veneer strips measuring approximately 60 µm in thickness. The veneer strips were treated using a reactive chemical to impart surface protection. The artificially weathered veneers were characterised regarding tensile strength loss as well as by means of infrared spectroscopy. The chemical treatment reduced the tensile strength of the veneer strips. During artificial weathering, however, the strength loss of the treated veneers was clearly lower than that of the controls. The shape of the veneers was preserved due to the treatment. In a second approach veneers strips were used to study wood degradation by the Fenton’s reagent in order to minic the long-term deterioration of archaeological wood from marine environments. Veneer strips were incubated in acetate buffer (pH 4) containing hydrogen peroxide and Fe ions (Fenton’s reagent) and tensile properties (measured in a zero-span mode) were determined. Varying the type of iron (ferrous or ferric sulphate) with H2O2 did not yield significant differences in the rates of H2O2 and tensile strength reduction. However, increasing the amount of wood material (the number of wood strips) in the reaction mixture increased Fe(III) reduction in solution indicating that wood constituents participated in this reaction. Increasing concentrations of Fe(III) in the reaction mixture resulted in a decrease in H2O2 in solution. Despite an increase in iron concentration and H2O2 decomposition under these conditions, a uniform and consistent strength loss of 30\\% was observed at all Fe(III) concentrations tested. At fixed Fe(III) concentrations, increasing the H2O2 concentration linearly increased the strength loss of the veneers.},\n\tauthor = {Mai, C. and Xie, Y. and Xiao, Z. and Evans, P. D. and Militz, H.},\n\tmonth = may,\n\tyear = {2009},\n\tkeywords = {electron microscopy, Fenton reaction, infrared spectroscopy, oxidative degradation, tensile strength, thin veneer strips, weathering},\n\tfile = {IRG 10-20433:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\B7GMUJH7\\\\IRG 10-20433.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n This paper presents a method to study the weathering performance of wooden items and to assess the oxidative degradation of wood via the Fenton reaction. Weathering resistance and photo-stability of wood was tested using pine wood (Pinus sylvestris) veneer strips measuring approximately 60 µm in thickness. The veneer strips were treated using a reactive chemical to impart surface protection. The artificially weathered veneers were characterised regarding tensile strength loss as well as by means of infrared spectroscopy. The chemical treatment reduced the tensile strength of the veneer strips. During artificial weathering, however, the strength loss of the treated veneers was clearly lower than that of the controls. The shape of the veneers was preserved due to the treatment. In a second approach veneers strips were used to study wood degradation by the Fenton’s reagent in order to minic the long-term deterioration of archaeological wood from marine environments. Veneer strips were incubated in acetate buffer (pH 4) containing hydrogen peroxide and Fe ions (Fenton’s reagent) and tensile properties (measured in a zero-span mode) were determined. Varying the type of iron (ferrous or ferric sulphate) with H2O2 did not yield significant differences in the rates of H2O2 and tensile strength reduction. However, increasing the amount of wood material (the number of wood strips) in the reaction mixture increased Fe(III) reduction in solution indicating that wood constituents participated in this reaction. Increasing concentrations of Fe(III) in the reaction mixture resulted in a decrease in H2O2 in solution. Despite an increase in iron concentration and H2O2 decomposition under these conditions, a uniform and consistent strength loss of 30% was observed at all Fe(III) concentrations tested. At fixed Fe(III) concentrations, increasing the H2O2 concentration linearly increased the strength loss of the veneers.\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Performance Testing of Plywood from Beech Veneers Treated with Melamine-based Compounds.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Trinh, H. M.; Militz, H.; and Mai, C.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In Englund, F.; Hill, C. A. S.; Militz, H.; and Segerholm, B. K., editor(s), pages 429–432, 2009. \n \n\n\n\n
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@inproceedings{englund_performance_2009,\n\ttitle = {Performance {Testing} of {Plywood} from {Beech} {Veneers} {Treated} with {Melamine}-based {Compounds}},\n\tshorttitle = {Performance {Testing} of {Plywood} from {Beech} {Veneers} {Treated} with {Melamine}-based {Compounds}},\n\tauthor = {Trinh, H. M. and Militz, H. and Mai, C.},\n\teditor = {Englund, F. and Hill, C. A. S. and Militz, H. and Segerholm, B. K.},\n\tyear = {2009},\n\tpages = {429--432},\n\tfile = {10_Trinh_et_al:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\M7SI9J5I\\\\10_Trinh_et_al.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Leaching of new environmental friendly wood protection agents.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Treu, A.; Larnøy, E.; and Militz, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In pages 33–40, 2009. \n \n\n\n\n
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@inproceedings{treu_leaching_2009,\n\ttitle = {Leaching of new environmental friendly wood protection agents},\n\tshorttitle = {Leaching of new environmental friendly wood protection agents},\n\tauthor = {Treu, A. and Larnøy, E. and Militz, H.},\n\tyear = {2009},\n\tpages = {33--40},\n\tfile = {leaching_of_new_environmental_and_friendly_wood_protection_agents:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\JJ94DWEM\\\\leaching_of_new_environmental_and_friendly_wood_protection_agents.pdf:application/pdf;WSE 2009 proceedings:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\MC4QZ62K\\\\WSE 2009 proceedings.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Capillary Water Uptake and Mechanical Properties of Wax Soaked Scots Pine.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Scholz, G.; Krause, A.; and Militz, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In Englund, F.; Hill, C. A. S.; Militz, H.; and Segerholm, B. K., editor(s), pages 209–212, 2009. \n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
\n 
@inproceedings{englund_capillary_2009,\n\ttitle = {Capillary {Water} {Uptake} and {Mechanical} {Properties} of {Wax} {Soaked} {Scots} {Pine}},\n\tshorttitle = {Capillary {Water} {Uptake} and {Mechanical} {Properties} of {Wax} {Soaked} {Scots} {Pine}},\n\tauthor = {Scholz, G. and Krause, A. and Militz, H.},\n\teditor = {Englund, F. and Hill, C. A. S. and Militz, H. and Segerholm, B. K.},\n\tyear = {2009},\n\tpages = {209--212},\n\tfile = {04_Scholtz_et_al:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\RW4E587E\\\\04_Scholtz_et_al.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Wax deposits after wood impregnation.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Scholz, G.; Krause, A.; Bäucker, E.; and Militz, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Technical Report Wien, 2009.\n \n\n\n\n
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@techreport{hofstetter_wax_2009,\n\taddress = {Wien},\n\ttitle = {Wax deposits after wood impregnation},\n\tshorttitle = {Wax deposits after wood impregnation},\n\tauthor = {Scholz, G. and Krause, A. and Bäucker, E. and Militz, H.},\n\teditor = {Hofstetter, K.},\n\tyear = {2009},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Furfurylated Wood for Wooden Window Constructions.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Puttmann, S.; Krause, A.; Pilgård, A.; Treu, A.; and Militz, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In Englund, F.; Hill, C. A. S.; Militz, H.; and Segerholm, B. K., editor(s), pages 569–576, 2009. \n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
\n 
@inproceedings{englund_furfurylated_2009,\n\ttitle = {Furfurylated {Wood} for {Wooden} {Window} {Constructions}},\n\tshorttitle = {Furfurylated {Wood} for {Wooden} {Window} {Constructions}},\n\tauthor = {Puttmann, S. and Krause, A. and Pilgård, A. and Treu, A. and Militz, H.},\n\teditor = {Englund, F. and Hill, C. A. S. and Militz, H. and Segerholm, B. K.},\n\tyear = {2009},\n\tpages = {569--576},\n\tfile = {3_Puttmann_et_al:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\8KEXTEEC\\\\3_Puttmann_et_al.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Sanding vs. plasma treatment of aged wood: A comparison with respect to surface energy.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Wolkenhauer, A.; Avramidis, G.; Hauswald, E.; Militz, H.; and Viöl, W.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n International Journal of Adhesion and Adhesives, 29(1): 18–22. 2009.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n 
@article{wolkenhauer_sanding_2009,\n\ttitle = {Sanding vs. plasma treatment of aged wood: {A} comparison with respect to surface energy},\n\tvolume = {29},\n\tissn = {0143-7496},\n\tshorttitle = {Sanding vs. plasma treatment of aged wood: {A} comparison with respect to surface energy},\n\tnumber = {1},\n\tjournal = {International Journal of Adhesion and Adhesives},\n\tauthor = {Wolkenhauer, A. and Avramidis, G. and Hauswald, E. and Militz, H. and Viöl, W.},\n\tyear = {2009},\n\tpages = {18--22},\n\tfile = {Wolkenhauer et al. - 2009 - Sanding vs. plasma treatment of aged wood A compa.pdf:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\7IZMBWDN\\\\Wolkenhauer et al. - 2009 - Sanding vs. plasma treatment of aged wood A compa.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Direct estimation of the durability of high-pressure steam modified wood by ESR-spectroscopy.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Willems, W.; Tausch, A.; and Militz, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In May 2009. \n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n doi\n  \n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n  \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@inproceedings{willems_direct_2009,\n\ttitle = {Direct estimation of the durability of high-pressure steam modified wood by {ESR}-spectroscopy},\n\tdoi = {IRG/WP 10-40508},\n\tabstract = {Heat generated persistent free radicals have been detected by electron spin resonance measurement of thermally modified wood, prepared by high pressure superheated steam treatment. The specific density of these radicals have been correlated with the durability against basidiomycetes, as measured by the European standard EN113 test. In the lower range of specific radical densities, the found correlation has revealed non-specificity for six different wood species, for two different treatment intensities and within different tree zones. This result promises a great potential for electron spin resonance to estimate the durability of high pressure steam modified wood. It also provides evidence for an antioxidant mechanism, responsible for the durability enhancement in heat treated wood.},\n\tauthor = {Willems, W. and Tausch, A. and Militz, H.},\n\tmonth = may,\n\tyear = {2009},\n\tkeywords = {Durability, antioxidant, electron spin resonance, Thermally modified wood},\n\tfile = {IRG 10-40508:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\9SA88PBM\\\\IRG 10-40508.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n Heat generated persistent free radicals have been detected by electron spin resonance measurement of thermally modified wood, prepared by high pressure superheated steam treatment. The specific density of these radicals have been correlated with the durability against basidiomycetes, as measured by the European standard EN113 test. In the lower range of specific radical densities, the found correlation has revealed non-specificity for six different wood species, for two different treatment intensities and within different tree zones. This result promises a great potential for electron spin resonance to estimate the durability of high pressure steam modified wood. It also provides evidence for an antioxidant mechanism, responsible for the durability enhancement in heat treated wood.\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Influence of Particle Concentration and Type on Flow, Thermal and Mechanical Property of Wood-Polypropylene Composites.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Xie, L.; Grueneberg, T.; Steuernagel, L.; Ziegmann, G.; and Militz, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Journal of Reinforced Plastics and Composites,1940–1951. 2009.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
\n 
@article{xie_influence_2009,\n\ttitle = {Influence of {Particle} {Concentration} and {Type} on {Flow}, {Thermal} and {Mechanical} {Property} of {Wood}-{Polypropylene} {Composites}},\n\tissn = {0731-6844},\n\tshorttitle = {Influence of {Particle} {Concentration} and {Type} on {Flow}, {Thermal} and {Mechanical} {Property} of {Wood}-{Polypropylene} {Composites}},\n\tjournal = {Journal of Reinforced Plastics and Composites},\n\tauthor = {Xie, L. and Grueneberg, T. and Steuernagel, L. and Ziegmann, G. and Militz, H.},\n\tyear = {2009},\n\tpages = {1940--1951},\n\tfile = {Journal of Reinforced Plastics and Composites-2010-Lei Xie-1940-51:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\B6WXH9GJ\\\\Journal of Reinforced Plastics and Composites-2010-Lei Xie-1940-51.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Modification of Wood with Glutaraldehyde.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Xiao, Z.; Xie, Y.; Militz, H.; and Mai, C.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In Englund, F.; Hill, C. A. S.; Militz, H.; and Segerholm, B. K., editor(s), pages 411–418, 2009. \n \n\n\n\n
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@inproceedings{englund_modification_2009-1,\n\ttitle = {Modification of {Wood} with {Glutaraldehyde}},\n\tshorttitle = {Modification of {Wood} with {Glutaraldehyde}},\n\tauthor = {Xiao, Z. and Xie, Y. and Militz, H. and Mai, C.},\n\teditor = {Englund, F. and Hill, C. A. S. and Militz, H. and Segerholm, B. K.},\n\tyear = {2009},\n\tpages = {411--418},\n\tfile = {06_Xiao_et_al:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\FHRAV9M5\\\\06_Xiao_et_al.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Protection mechanisms of DMDHEU treated wood against white and brown rot fungi.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Verma, P.; Junga, U.; Militz, H.; and Mai, C.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Holzforschung, 63(3): 371–378. 2009.\n \n\n\n\n
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@article{verma_protection_2009,\n\ttitle = {Protection mechanisms of {DMDHEU} treated wood against white and brown rot fungi},\n\tvolume = {63},\n\tissn = {1437-434X},\n\tshorttitle = {Protection mechanisms of {DMDHEU} treated wood against white and brown rot fungi},\n\tnumber = {3},\n\tjournal = {Holzforschung},\n\tauthor = {Verma, P. and Junga, U. and Militz, H. and Mai, C.},\n\tyear = {2009},\n\tpages = {371--378},\n\tfile = {hf.2009.051:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\5DW938XT\\\\hf.2009.051.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Protection mechanisms of modified wood against decay by white and brown rot fungi.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Mai, C.; Verma, P.; Xie, Y.; Dyckmans, J.; and Militz, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In May 2009. \n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n doi\n  \n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n  \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@inproceedings{mai_protection_2009,\n\ttitle = {Protection mechanisms of modified wood against decay by white and brown rot fungi},\n\tdoi = {IRG/WP 10-10713},\n\tabstract = {The resistance of beech and pine wood blocks treated with 1,3-dimethylol-4,5-dihydroxyethylene urea (DMDHEU) against T. versicolor and C. puteana increased with increasing WPG. Full protection (mass loss below 3\\%) was reached at WPGs of approximately 15\\% (beech) and 10\\% (pine). Metabolic activity of the fungi in the wood blocks was assessed as heat or energy production determined by isothermal micro-calorimetry. Fungal activity in the wood decreased with increasing WPG. Still, activity was detected even in wood blocks of highest WPG and showed that the treatment was not toxic to the fungi. The infiltration of untreated and DMDHEU-treated wood blocks with nutrients and thiamine prior to fungal incubation did not result in an increased mass loss caused by the fungi. This shows that the destruction or removal of nutrients and vitamins during the modification process has no influence on fungal decay. In order to study the effect of cell wall bulking and increased surface area, the cell wall integrity was partly destroyed by milling and the decay of the fine wood flour was compared to that of wood mini-blocks. The mass losses caused by the fungi, however, also decreased with increasing WPG and showed comparable patterns like in the case of mini-blocks.To study the effect of the chemical change of cell wall polymers, cellulose was treated with DMDHEU and the product was subjected to hydrolysis by a cellulase preparation. The release of sugar during the incubation was clearly reduced as compared to untreated cellulose. Pre-treatment of modified cellulose with Fenton’s reagent increased the amount of released sugar due to the cellulase activity. Pine micro-veneers were subjected to Fenton’s reagents in acetate buffer over 48h. While untreated specimens and veneers treated with low DMDHEU concentration displayed strong and steady tensile strength loss, veneers treated to a higher WPG did hardly show tensile strength loss.},\n\tauthor = {Mai, C. and Verma, P- and Xie, Y. and Dyckmans, J. and Militz, H.},\n\tmonth = may,\n\tyear = {2009},\n\tkeywords = {Basidiomycetes, DMDHEU, cell wall bulking, cellulase, decay resistance, Fenton’s reagent, micro-calorimetry},\n\tfile = {IRG 10-10713:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\KVQFIQJA\\\\IRG 10-10713.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n The resistance of beech and pine wood blocks treated with 1,3-dimethylol-4,5-dihydroxyethylene urea (DMDHEU) against T. versicolor and C. puteana increased with increasing WPG. Full protection (mass loss below 3%) was reached at WPGs of approximately 15% (beech) and 10% (pine). Metabolic activity of the fungi in the wood blocks was assessed as heat or energy production determined by isothermal micro-calorimetry. Fungal activity in the wood decreased with increasing WPG. Still, activity was detected even in wood blocks of highest WPG and showed that the treatment was not toxic to the fungi. The infiltration of untreated and DMDHEU-treated wood blocks with nutrients and thiamine prior to fungal incubation did not result in an increased mass loss caused by the fungi. This shows that the destruction or removal of nutrients and vitamins during the modification process has no influence on fungal decay. In order to study the effect of cell wall bulking and increased surface area, the cell wall integrity was partly destroyed by milling and the decay of the fine wood flour was compared to that of wood mini-blocks. The mass losses caused by the fungi, however, also decreased with increasing WPG and showed comparable patterns like in the case of mini-blocks.To study the effect of the chemical change of cell wall polymers, cellulose was treated with DMDHEU and the product was subjected to hydrolysis by a cellulase preparation. The release of sugar during the incubation was clearly reduced as compared to untreated cellulose. Pre-treatment of modified cellulose with Fenton’s reagent increased the amount of released sugar due to the cellulase activity. Pine micro-veneers were subjected to Fenton’s reagents in acetate buffer over 48h. While untreated specimens and veneers treated with low DMDHEU concentration displayed strong and steady tensile strength loss, veneers treated to a higher WPG did hardly show tensile strength loss.\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Use of alkyl ketene dimer (AKD) for surface modification of particleboard chips.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Hundhausen, U.; Militz, H.; and Mai, C.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n European Journal of Wood and Wood Products, 67(1): 37–45. February 2009.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n \"UsePaper\n  \n \n\n \n \n doi\n  \n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n  \n \n 1 download\n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@article{hundhausen_use_2009,\n\ttitle = {Use of alkyl ketene dimer ({AKD}) for surface modification of particleboard chips},\n\tvolume = {67},\n\tissn = {0018-3768, 1436-736X},\n\turl = {http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s00107-008-0275-z},\n\tdoi = {10.1007/s00107-008-0275-z},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {1},\n\turldate = {2018-06-13},\n\tjournal = {European Journal of Wood and Wood Products},\n\tauthor = {Hundhausen, U. and Militz, H. and Mai, C.},\n\tmonth = feb,\n\tyear = {2009},\n\tpages = {37--45},\n\tfile = {art%3A10.1007%2Fs00107-008-0275-z:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\K7MXPZ7I\\\\art%3A10.1007%2Fs00107-008-0275-z.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Modification of Fagus sylvatica (L.) with 1,3-dimethylol-4,5-dihydroxyethylene urea (DMDHEU). Part 2: Pore size distribution determined by differential scanning calorimetry.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Dieste, A.; Krause, A.; Mai, C.; Sèbe, G.; Grelier, S.; and Militz, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Holzforschung, 63(1): 89–93. 2009.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@article{dieste_modification_2009,\n\ttitle = {Modification of {Fagus} sylvatica ({L}.) with 1,3-dimethylol-4,5-dihydroxyethylene urea ({DMDHEU}). {Part} 2: {Pore} size distribution determined by differential scanning calorimetry},\n\tvolume = {63},\n\tshorttitle = {Modification of {Fagus} sylvatica ({L}.) with 1,3-dimethylol-4,5-dihydroxyethylene urea ({DMDHEU}). {Part} 2: {Pore} size distribution determined by differential scanning calorimetry},\n\tnumber = {1},\n\tjournal = {Holzforschung},\n\tauthor = {Dieste, A. and Krause, A. and Mai, C. and Sèbe, G. and Grelier, S. and Militz, H.},\n\tyear = {2009},\n\tpages = {89--93},\n\tfile = {hf.2009.023:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\9AD5M7TS\\\\hf.2009.023.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Gluing ability of plywood produced with DMDHEU-modified veneers of Fagus sp., Betula sp., and Picea sp.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Dieste, A.; Krause, A.; Bollmus, S.; and Militz, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n International Journal of Adhesion and Adhesives, 29(2): 206–209. March 2009.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n \"GluingPaper\n  \n \n\n \n \n doi\n  \n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@article{dieste_gluing_2009-1,\n\ttitle = {Gluing ability of plywood produced with {DMDHEU}-modified veneers of {Fagus} sp., {Betula} sp., and {Picea} sp.},\n\tvolume = {29},\n\tissn = {01437496},\n\turl = {http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0143749608000584},\n\tdoi = {10.1016/j.ijadhadh.2008.05.001},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {2},\n\turldate = {2018-08-23},\n\tjournal = {International Journal of Adhesion and Adhesives},\n\tauthor = {Dieste, A. and Krause, A. and Bollmus, S. and Militz, H.},\n\tmonth = mar,\n\tyear = {2009},\n\tpages = {206--209},\n\tfile = {Dieste et al. - 2009 - Gluing ability of plywood produced with DMDHEU-mod.pdf:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\XYWKT89E\\\\Dieste et al. - 2009 - Gluing ability of plywood produced with DMDHEU-mod.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n  \n 2008\n \n \n (28)\n \n \n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Wood protection with dimethyloldihydroxy-ethyleneurea and its derivatives.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Krause, A.; Xie, Y.; Wepner, F.; and Militz, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In Schultz, T.; Militz, H.; Freeman, M. H.; Goodell, B.; and Nicholas, D. D., editor(s), volume 982, pages 356–371, 2008. Oxford University Press\n \n\n\n\n
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@inproceedings{schultz_wood_2008,\n\ttitle = {Wood protection with dimethyloldihydroxy-ethyleneurea and its derivatives},\n\tvolume = {982},\n\tisbn = {0097-6156},\n\tshorttitle = {Wood protection with dimethyloldihydroxy-ethyleneurea and its derivatives},\n\tpublisher = {Oxford University Press},\n\tauthor = {Krause, A. and Xie, Y. and Wepner, F. and Militz, H.},\n\teditor = {Schultz, T. and Militz, H. and Freeman, M. H. and Goodell, B. and Nicholas, D. D.},\n\tyear = {2008},\n\tpages = {356--371},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Plasma treatment of heat treated beech wood–investigation on surface free energy.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Wolkenhauer, A.; Avramidis, G.; Militz, H.; and Viöl, W.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Holzforschung, 62(4): 472–474. 2008.\n \n\n\n\n
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@article{wolkenhauer_plasma_2008,\n\ttitle = {Plasma treatment of heat treated beech wood–investigation on surface free energy},\n\tvolume = {62},\n\tissn = {1437-434X},\n\tshorttitle = {Plasma treatment of heat treated beech wood–investigation on surface free energy},\n\tnumber = {4},\n\tjournal = {Holzforschung},\n\tauthor = {Wolkenhauer, A. and Avramidis, G. and Militz, H. and Viöl, W.},\n\tyear = {2008},\n\tpages = {472--474},\n\tfile = {hf.2008.074:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\K7NZCR2D\\\\hf.2008.074.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Wood Quality and Product Properties of Grand Fir Timber.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Hapla, F.; and Militz, H\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Technical Report Ghent, Belgium, 2008.\n \n\n\n\n
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@techreport{van_acker_wood_2008,\n\taddress = {Ghent, Belgium},\n\ttitle = {Wood {Quality} and {Product} {Properties} of {Grand} {Fir} {Timber}},\n\tshorttitle = {Wood {Quality} and {Product} {Properties} of {Grand} {Fir} {Timber}},\n\tauthor = {Hapla, F. and Militz, H},\n\teditor = {Van Acker, J. and Fioravanti, M.},\n\tyear = {2008},\n\tpages = {101--104},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Verwertung und Verwendung von Buchenholz Utilisation of beech wood.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Hapla, F.; and Militz, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Technical Report 3940344443, 2008.\n \n\n\n\n
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@techreport{hapla_verwertung_2008,\n\ttitle = {Verwertung und {Verwendung} von {Buchenholz} {Utilisation} of beech wood},\n\tshorttitle = {Verwertung und {Verwendung} von {Buchenholz} {Utilisation} of beech wood},\n\tnumber = {3940344443},\n\tauthor = {Hapla, F. and Militz, H.},\n\tyear = {2008},\n\tpages = {311--325},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Concepts in the Development of New Accelerated Test Methods for Wood Decay.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Nicholas, D. D.; and Crawford, D.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In Schultz, T.; Militz, H.; Freeman, M. H.; Goodell, B.; and Nicholas, D. D., editor(s), volume 982, pages 142–151, 2008. Oxford University Press\n \n\n\n\n
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@inproceedings{schultz_concepts_2008,\n\ttitle = {Concepts in the {Development} of {New} {Accelerated} {Test} {Methods} for {Wood} {Decay}},\n\tvolume = {982},\n\tisbn = {0097-6156},\n\tshorttitle = {Concepts in the {Development} of {New} {Accelerated} {Test} {Methods} for {Wood} {Decay}},\n\tpublisher = {Oxford University Press},\n\tauthor = {Nicholas, D. D. and Crawford, D.},\n\teditor = {Schultz, T. and Militz, H. and Freeman, M. H. and Goodell, B. and Nicholas, D. D.},\n\tyear = {2008},\n\tpages = {142--151},\n\tfile = {nicho03a:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\GAIZQ3DE\\\\nicho03a.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Holzmodifizierung statt Tropenholz.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Militz, H.; and Scholz, G.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Technologie-Informationen niedersächsischer Hochschulen, Energieforschung. 2008.\n \n\n\n\n
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@article{militz_holzmodifizierung_2008,\n\ttitle = {Holzmodifizierung statt {Tropenholz}},\n\tshorttitle = {Holzmodifizierung statt {Tropenholz}},\n\tjournal = {Technologie-Informationen niedersächsischer Hochschulen, Energieforschung},\n\tauthor = {Militz, H. and Scholz, G.},\n\tyear = {2008},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Buchenholz für den Außeneinsatz.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Militz, H.; and Rademacher, P.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Technologie-Informationen niedersächsischer Hochschulen, Energieforschung. 2008.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@article{militz_buchenholz_2008,\n\ttitle = {Buchenholz für den {Außeneinsatz}},\n\tshorttitle = {Buchenholz für den {Außeneinsatz}},\n\tjournal = {Technologie-Informationen niedersächsischer Hochschulen, Energieforschung},\n\tauthor = {Militz, H. and Rademacher, P.},\n\tyear = {2008},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Sonstige Vergütungsverfahren.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Militz, H.; and Mai, C.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In Wagenführ, A.; and Scholz, F., editor(s), Taschenbuch der Holztechnik, pages 485–500. Hanser, Leipzig, 2008.\n \n\n\n\n
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@incollection{wagenfuhr_sonstige_2008,\n\taddress = {Leipzig},\n\ttitle = {Sonstige {Vergütungsverfahren}},\n\tshorttitle = {Sonstige {Vergütungsverfahren}},\n\tbooktitle = {Taschenbuch der {Holztechnik}},\n\tpublisher = {Hanser},\n\tauthor = {Militz, H. and Mai, C.},\n\teditor = {Wagenführ, A. and Scholz, F.},\n\tyear = {2008},\n\tpages = {485--500},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Holzschutz.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Militz, H.; and Mai, C.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In Wagenführ, A.; and Scholz, F., editor(s), Taschenbuch der Holztechnik, pages 457–485. Hanser, Leipzig, 2008.\n \n\n\n\n
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@incollection{wagenfuhr_holzschutz_2008,\n\taddress = {Leipzig},\n\ttitle = {Holzschutz},\n\tshorttitle = {Holzschutz},\n\tbooktitle = {Taschenbuch der {Holztechnik}},\n\tpublisher = {Hanser},\n\tauthor = {Militz, H. and Mai, C.},\n\teditor = {Wagenführ, A. and Scholz, F.},\n\tyear = {2008},\n\tpages = {457--485},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Input Wood Processing Strategy - Solid Wood Products.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Militz, H.; Hapla, F.; and Rademacher, P.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Technical Report Ghent, Belgium, 2008.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@techreport{van_acker_input_2008,\n\taddress = {Ghent, Belgium},\n\ttitle = {Input {Wood} {Processing} {Strategy} - {Solid} {Wood} {Products}},\n\tshorttitle = {Input {Wood} {Processing} {Strategy} - {Solid} {Wood} {Products}},\n\tauthor = {Militz, H. and Hapla, F. and Rademacher, P.},\n\teditor = {Van Acker, J. and Fioravanti, M.},\n\tyear = {2008},\n\tpages = {106--115},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Hydroxymethylated resorcinol (HMR) priming agent for improved bondability of wax-treated wood.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Kurt, R.; Krause, A.; Militz, H.; and Mai, C.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Holz als Roh-und Werkstoff, 66(5): 333–338. 2008.\n \n\n\n\n
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@article{kurt_hydroxymethylated_2008,\n\ttitle = {Hydroxymethylated resorcinol ({HMR}) priming agent for improved bondability of wax-treated wood},\n\tvolume = {66},\n\tissn = {0018-3768},\n\tshorttitle = {Hydroxymethylated resorcinol ({HMR}) priming agent for improved bondability of wax-treated wood},\n\tnumber = {5},\n\tjournal = {Holz als Roh-und Werkstoff},\n\tauthor = {Kurt, R. and Krause, A. and Militz, H. and Mai, C.},\n\tyear = {2008},\n\tpages = {333--338},\n\tfile = {art%3A10.1007%2Fs00107-008-0265-1:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\KJ7I5Q3W\\\\art%3A10.1007%2Fs00107-008-0265-1.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Nuevas alternativas a los métodos de preservación de la madera.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Dieste, A.; Mai, C.; Militz, H.; and Oliver-Villanueva, J. V.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n CIM Comercio E Industria de la Madera, 6: 55–59. 2008.\n \n\n\n\n
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@article{dieste_nuevas_2008,\n\ttitle = {Nuevas alternativas a los métodos de preservación de la madera},\n\tvolume = {6},\n\tshorttitle = {Nuevas alternativas a los métodos de preservación de la madera},\n\tjournal = {CIM Comercio E Industria de la Madera},\n\tauthor = {Dieste, A. and Mai, C. and Militz, H. and Oliver-Villanueva, J. V.},\n\tyear = {2008},\n\tpages = {55--59},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Chemical changes in wood degraded by bacteria.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Gelbrich, J.; Mai, C.; and Militz, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation, 61(1): 24–32. 2008.\n \n\n\n\n
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@article{gelbrich_chemical_2008,\n\ttitle = {Chemical changes in wood degraded by bacteria},\n\tvolume = {61},\n\tissn = {0964-8305},\n\tshorttitle = {Chemical changes in wood degraded by bacteria},\n\tnumber = {1},\n\tjournal = {International Biodeterioration \\& Biodegradation},\n\tauthor = {Gelbrich, J. and Mai, C. and Militz, H.},\n\tyear = {2008},\n\tpages = {24--32},\n\tfile = {Gelbrich et al. - 2008 - Chemical changes in wood degraded by bacteria.pdf:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\LIHI2XWM\\\\Gelbrich et al. - 2008 - Chemical changes in wood degraded by bacteria.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Modification of Fagus sylvatica (L.) with 1, 3-dimethylol-4, 5-dihydroxyethylene urea (DMDHEU): Part 1. Estimation of heat adsorption by the isosteric method (Hailwood-Horrobin model) and by solution calorimetry.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Dieste, A.; Krause, A.; and Militz, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Holzforschung, 62(5): 577–583. 2008.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@article{dieste_modification_2008,\n\ttitle = {Modification of {Fagus} sylvatica ({L}.) with 1, 3-dimethylol-4, 5-dihydroxyethylene urea ({DMDHEU}): {Part} 1. {Estimation} of heat adsorption by the isosteric method ({Hailwood}-{Horrobin} model) and by solution calorimetry},\n\tvolume = {62},\n\tissn = {1437-434X},\n\tshorttitle = {Modification of {Fagus} sylvatica ({L}.) with 1, 3-dimethylol-4, 5-dihydroxyethylene urea ({DMDHEU}): {Part} 1. {Estimation} of heat adsorption by the isosteric method ({Hailwood}-{Horrobin} model) and by solution calorimetry},\n\tnumber = {5},\n\tjournal = {Holzforschung},\n\tauthor = {Dieste, A. and Krause, A. and Militz, H.},\n\tyear = {2008},\n\tpages = {577--583},\n\tfile = {hf.2008.101:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\EJQEF72G\\\\hf.2008.101.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Physical and mechanical properties of plywood produced with 1.3-dimethylol-4.5-dihydroxyethyleneurea (DMDHEU)-modified veneers of Betula sp. and Fagus sylvatica.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Dieste, A.; Krause, A.; Bollmus, S.; and Militz, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Holz als Roh-und Werkstoff, 66(4): 281–287. 2008.\n \n\n\n\n
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@article{dieste_physical_2008,\n\ttitle = {Physical and mechanical properties of plywood produced with 1.3-dimethylol-4.5-dihydroxyethyleneurea ({DMDHEU})-modified veneers of {Betula} sp. and {Fagus} sylvatica},\n\tvolume = {66},\n\tissn = {0018-3768},\n\tshorttitle = {Physical and mechanical properties of plywood produced with 1.3-dimethylol-4.5-dihydroxyethyleneurea ({DMDHEU})-modified veneers of {Betula} sp. and {Fagus} sylvatica},\n\tnumber = {4},\n\tjournal = {Holz als Roh-und Werkstoff},\n\tauthor = {Dieste, A. and Krause, A. and Bollmus, S. and Militz, H.},\n\tyear = {2008},\n\tpages = {281--287},\n\tfile = {art%3A10.1007%2Fs00107-008-0247-3:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\BUPGZB47\\\\art%3A10.1007%2Fs00107-008-0247-3.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Combinded effect of hydrophobation and durability improvement of wood treated with silicone emulsions.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Militz, H.; Mai, C.; and Ghosh, S. C.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Technical Report Bordeaux, 2008.\n \n\n\n\n
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@techreport{peek_combinded_2008,\n\taddress = {Bordeaux},\n\ttitle = {Combinded effect of hydrophobation and durability improvement of wood treated with silicone emulsions},\n\tshorttitle = {Combinded effect of hydrophobation and durability improvement of wood treated with silicone emulsions},\n\tauthor = {Militz, H. and Mai, C. and Ghosh, S. C.},\n\teditor = {Peek, R.-D. and Van Acker, J.},\n\tyear = {2008},\n\tpages = {31--39},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Processes and properties of thermally modified wood manufactured in Europe.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Militz, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In Schultz, T.; Militz, H.; Freeman, M. H.; Goodell, B.; and Nicholas, D. D., editor(s), volume 982, pages 372–388, 2008. Oxford University Press\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@inproceedings{schultz_processes_2008,\n\ttitle = {Processes and properties of thermally modified wood manufactured in {Europe}},\n\tvolume = {982},\n\tisbn = {0097-6156},\n\tshorttitle = {Processes and properties of thermally modified wood manufactured in {Europe}},\n\tpublisher = {Oxford University Press},\n\tauthor = {Militz, H.},\n\teditor = {Schultz, T. and Militz, H. and Freeman, M. H. and Goodell, B. and Nicholas, D. D.},\n\tyear = {2008},\n\tpages = {372--388},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Hydroxymethylated resorcinol (HMR) priming agent for improved bondability of silicone modified wood glued with a polyvinyl acetate adhesive.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Kurt, R.; Mai, C.; Krause, A.; and Militz, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Holz als Roh-und Werkstoff, 66(4): 305–307. 2008.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@article{kurt_hydroxymethylated_2008-1,\n\ttitle = {Hydroxymethylated resorcinol ({HMR}) priming agent for improved bondability of silicone modified wood glued with a polyvinyl acetate adhesive},\n\tvolume = {66},\n\tissn = {0018-3768},\n\tshorttitle = {Hydroxymethylated resorcinol ({HMR}) priming agent for improved bondability of silicone modified wood glued with a polyvinyl acetate adhesive},\n\tnumber = {4},\n\tjournal = {Holz als Roh-und Werkstoff},\n\tauthor = {Kurt, R. and Mai, C. and Krause, A. and Militz, H.},\n\tyear = {2008},\n\tpages = {305--307},\n\tfile = {art%3A10.1007%2Fs00107-008-0227-7:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\2R32UBTE\\\\art%3A10.1007%2Fs00107-008-0227-7.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Studying bacterial wood decay under low oxygen conditions—results of microcosm experiments.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Kretschmar, E. I.; Gelbrich, J.; Militz, H.; and Lamersdorf, N.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation, 61(1): 69–84. 2008.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@article{kretschmar_studying_2008,\n\ttitle = {Studying bacterial wood decay under low oxygen conditions—results of microcosm experiments},\n\tvolume = {61},\n\tissn = {0964-8305},\n\tshorttitle = {Studying bacterial wood decay under low oxygen conditions—results of microcosm experiments},\n\tnumber = {1},\n\tjournal = {International Biodeterioration \\& Biodegradation},\n\tauthor = {Kretschmar, E. I. and Gelbrich, J. and Militz, H. and Lamersdorf, N.},\n\tyear = {2008},\n\tpages = {69--84},\n\tfile = {Kretschmar et al. - 2008 - Studying bacterial wood decay under low oxygen con.pdf:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\JNGCJ7XD\\\\Kretschmar et al. - 2008 - Studying bacterial wood decay under low oxygen con.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Increased PVA-Glue adhesion on particle board and fibre board by plasma treatment.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Wolkenhauer, A.; Militz, H.; and Viöl, W.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Holz als Roh-und Werkstoff, 66(2): 143–145. 2008.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@article{wolkenhauer_increased_2008,\n\ttitle = {Increased {PVA}-{Glue} adhesion on particle board and fibre board by plasma treatment},\n\tvolume = {66},\n\tissn = {0018-3768},\n\tshorttitle = {Increased {PVA}-{Glue} adhesion on particle board and fibre board by plasma treatment},\n\tnumber = {2},\n\tjournal = {Holz als Roh-und Werkstoff},\n\tauthor = {Wolkenhauer, A. and Militz, H. and Viöl, W.},\n\tyear = {2008},\n\tpages = {143--145},\n\tfile = {art%3A10.1007%2Fs00107-007-0217-1:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\JTUTJP92\\\\art%3A10.1007%2Fs00107-007-0217-1.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Processes and properties of thermally modified wood manufactured in Europe.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Schultz, T.; Militz, H.; Freeman, M. H.; Goodell, B.; and Nicholas, D. D.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Volume 982 of ACS symposium series. Development of Commercial Wood Preservatives Efficacy, Environmental, and Health IssuesOxford University Press, Washington, 2008.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
\n 
@book{schultz_processes_2008-1,\n\taddress = {Washington},\n\tseries = {{ACS} symposium series. {Development} of {Commercial} {Wood} {Preservatives} {Efficacy}, {Environmental}, and {Health} {Issues}},\n\ttitle = {Processes and properties of thermally modified wood manufactured in {Europe}},\n\tvolume = {982},\n\tisbn = {0097-6156},\n\tshorttitle = {Processes and properties of thermally modified wood manufactured in {Europe}},\n\tpublisher = {Oxford University Press},\n\tauthor = {Schultz, T. and Militz, H. and Freeman, M. H. and Goodell, B. and Nicholas, D. D.},\n\teditor = {Schultz, T. and Militz, H. and Freeman, M. H. and Goodell, B. and Nicholas, D. D.},\n\tyear = {2008},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Testing modified wood and natural durability in use class 3 with the block test approach.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Pfeffer, A.; Krause, A.; and Militz, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Technical Report Bordeaux, 2008.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@techreport{peek_testing_2008,\n\taddress = {Bordeaux},\n\ttitle = {Testing modified wood and natural durability in use class 3 with the block test approach},\n\tshorttitle = {Testing modified wood and natural durability in use class 3 with the block test approach},\n\tauthor = {Pfeffer, A. and Krause, A. and Militz, H.},\n\teditor = {Peek, R.-D. and Van Acker, J.},\n\tyear = {2008},\n\tpages = {77--84},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Weathering of uncoated and coated wood treated with methylated 1, 3-dimethylol-4, 5-dihydroxyethyleneurea (mDMDHEU).\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Xie, Y.; Krause, A.; Militz, H.; and Mai, C.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Holz als Roh-und Werkstoff, 66(6): 455–464. 2008.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
\n 
@article{xie_weathering_2008,\n\ttitle = {Weathering of uncoated and coated wood treated with methylated 1, 3-dimethylol-4, 5-dihydroxyethyleneurea ({mDMDHEU})},\n\tvolume = {66},\n\tissn = {0018-3768},\n\tshorttitle = {Weathering of uncoated and coated wood treated with methylated 1, 3-dimethylol-4, 5-dihydroxyethyleneurea ({mDMDHEU})},\n\tnumber = {6},\n\tjournal = {Holz als Roh-und Werkstoff},\n\tauthor = {Xie, Y. and Krause, A. and Militz, H. and Mai, C.},\n\tyear = {2008},\n\tpages = {455--464},\n\tfile = {art%3A10.1007%2Fs00107-008-0270-4:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\D6RQNI8H\\\\art%3A10.1007%2Fs00107-008-0270-4.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Plasmabehandlung von Holz-Kunststoff-Kompositen und Spanplatten zur Verbesserung der Oberflächeneigenschaften.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Wolkenhauer, A.; Avramidis, G.; Hauswald, E.; Militz, H.; and Viöl, W.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Holztechnologie, 49(4): 22–27. 2008.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
\n 
@article{wolkenhauer_plasmabehandlung_2008,\n\ttitle = {Plasmabehandlung von {Holz}-{Kunststoff}-{Kompositen} und {Spanplatten} zur {Verbesserung} der {Oberflächeneigenschaften}},\n\tvolume = {49},\n\tshorttitle = {Plasmabehandlung von {Holz}-{Kunststoff}-{Kompositen} und {Spanplatten} zur {Verbesserung} der {Oberflächeneigenschaften}},\n\tnumber = {4},\n\tjournal = {Holztechnologie},\n\tauthor = {Wolkenhauer, A. and Avramidis, G. and Hauswald, E. and Militz, H. and Viöl, W.},\n\tyear = {2008},\n\tpages = {22--27},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Decay resistance of wood treated with amino-silicone compounds.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Weigenand, O.; Humar, M.; Daniel, G.; Militz, H.; and Mai, C.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Holzforschung, 62(1): 112–118. 2008.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@article{weigenand_decay_2008,\n\ttitle = {Decay resistance of wood treated with amino-silicone compounds},\n\tvolume = {62},\n\tissn = {1437-434X},\n\tshorttitle = {Decay resistance of wood treated with amino-silicone compounds},\n\tnumber = {1},\n\tjournal = {Holzforschung},\n\tauthor = {Weigenand, O. and Humar, M. and Daniel, G. and Militz, H. and Mai, C.},\n\tyear = {2008},\n\tpages = {112--118},\n\tfile = {hf.2008.016:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\MSBTU9X3\\\\hf.2008.016.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Microwave curing of impregnated wood. Veröffentlichungsnummer.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Treu, A.; and Militz, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n 2008.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@patent{treu_microwave_2008,\n\ttitle = {Microwave curing of impregnated wood. {Veröffentlichungsnummer}},\n\tshorttitle = {Microwave curing of impregnated wood. {Veröffentlichungsnummer}},\n\tauthor = {Treu, A. and Militz, H.},\n\tyear = {2008},\n\tfile = {WO002008140324A1_1:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\V2WQSNDU\\\\WO002008140324A1_1.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Resistance against basidiomycetes of 1,3-dimethylol-4,5-dihydroxy ethylene urea (DMDHEU)-modified plywood of Pinus sylvestris.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Dieste, A.; Pfeffer, A.; Bollmus, S.; and Militz, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In May 2008. \n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n doi\n  \n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n  \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
\n 
@inproceedings{dieste_resistance_2008,\n\ttitle = {Resistance against basidiomycetes of 1,3-dimethylol-4,5-dihydroxy ethylene urea ({DMDHEU})-modified plywood of {Pinus} sylvestris},\n\tdoi = {IRG/WP 08-40398},\n\tabstract = {Plywood produced with rotary-cut veneers of Pinus sylvestris impregnated with a solution of 1.3 M 1.3-dimethylol-4.5-dihydroxyethyleneurea (DMDHEU) and glued with a phenolic resin (Prefere 4976 DYNEA) were inoculated with Coniophora puteana, Coriolus versicolor and Pleurotus ostreatus, following the European standard ENV 12038. The specimens were leached following European standard EN 84. The results of the virulence and size control samples reached the standard minimum required mass loss (20 \\%). Both treated and untreated samples presented less fungi attack when no leaching was performed, with the exception of the samples inoculated with P. ostreatus. Fungi inhibitor properties were attributed to the glue. The material proved to be highly susceptible to C. puteana, showing a mass loss of 40 \\% in untreated leached specimens. The mass losses observed in the treated non-leached samples were attributed to the loss of un-reacted DMDHEU during the inoculation time. This phenomenon was clear in the samples inoculated with P. ostreatus, which were surrounded by vermiculite in a high moisture content environment.},\n\tauthor = {Dieste, A. and Pfeffer, A. and Bollmus, S. and Militz, H.},\n\tmonth = may,\n\tyear = {2008},\n\tkeywords = {Basidiomycetes, wood modification, DMDHEU, plywood},\n\tfile = {IRG 08-40398:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\64F8QKS8\\\\IRG 08-40398.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n Plywood produced with rotary-cut veneers of Pinus sylvestris impregnated with a solution of 1.3 M 1.3-dimethylol-4.5-dihydroxyethyleneurea (DMDHEU) and glued with a phenolic resin (Prefere 4976 DYNEA) were inoculated with Coniophora puteana, Coriolus versicolor and Pleurotus ostreatus, following the European standard ENV 12038. The specimens were leached following European standard EN 84. The results of the virulence and size control samples reached the standard minimum required mass loss (20 %). Both treated and untreated samples presented less fungi attack when no leaching was performed, with the exception of the samples inoculated with P. ostreatus. Fungi inhibitor properties were attributed to the glue. The material proved to be highly susceptible to C. puteana, showing a mass loss of 40 % in untreated leached specimens. The mass losses observed in the treated non-leached samples were attributed to the loss of un-reacted DMDHEU during the inoculation time. This phenomenon was clear in the samples inoculated with P. ostreatus, which were surrounded by vermiculite in a high moisture content environment.\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Determination of fungal activity in modified wood by means of micro-calorimetry and determination of total esterase activity.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Verma, P.; Dyckmans, J.; Militz, H.; and Mai, C.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, 80(1): 125–133. 2008.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
\n 
@article{verma_determination_2008,\n\ttitle = {Determination of fungal activity in modified wood by means of micro-calorimetry and determination of total esterase activity},\n\tvolume = {80},\n\tissn = {0175-7598},\n\tshorttitle = {Determination of fungal activity in modified wood by means of micro-calorimetry and determination of total esterase activity},\n\tnumber = {1},\n\tjournal = {Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology},\n\tauthor = {Verma, P. and Dyckmans, J. and Militz, H. and Mai, C.},\n\tyear = {2008},\n\tpages = {125--133},\n\tfile = {art%3A10.1007%2Fs00253-008-1525-z:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\F7GR4P9D\\\\art%3A10.1007%2Fs00253-008-1525-z.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n  \n 2007\n \n \n (25)\n \n \n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Investigation of wood and timber surface modification by dielectric barrier discharge at atmospheric pressure.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Wolkenhauer, A.; Avramidis, G.; Cai, Y.; Militz, H.; and Viöl, W.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Plasma Processes and Polymers, 4: 470–474. 2007.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@article{wolkenhauer_investigation_2007,\n\ttitle = {Investigation of wood and timber surface modification by dielectric barrier discharge at atmospheric pressure},\n\tvolume = {4},\n\tissn = {1612-8869},\n\tshorttitle = {Investigation of wood and timber surface modification by dielectric barrier discharge at atmospheric pressure},\n\tjournal = {Plasma Processes and Polymers},\n\tauthor = {Wolkenhauer, A. and Avramidis, G. and Cai, Y. and Militz, H. and Viöl, W.},\n\tyear = {2007},\n\tpages = {470--474},\n\tfile = {470_ftp:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\FWNK5HGE\\\\470_ftp.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n The Third European on Wood Modification.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Hill, C. A. S.; Jones, D.; Militz, H.; and Ormondroyed, G. A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In Hill, C. A. S.; Jones, D.; Militz, H.; and Ormondroyed, G. A., editor(s), pages 1–446, 2007. \n \n\n\n\n
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@inproceedings{hill_third_2007,\n\ttitle = {The {Third} {European} on {Wood} {Modification}},\n\tshorttitle = {The {Third} {European} on {Wood} {Modification}},\n\tauthor = {Hill, C. A. S. and Jones, D. and Militz, H. and Ormondroyed, G. A.},\n\teditor = {Hill, C. A. S. and Jones, D. and Militz, H. and Ormondroyed, G. A.},\n\tyear = {2007},\n\tpages = {1--446},\n\tfile = {full proceedings:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\6CCFXQDR\\\\full proceedings.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Effects of Wood Treatment with Amino-silicone Emulsions on Different Material Properties.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Mai, C.; Weigenand, O.; Ghosh, S. C.; and Militz, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In Hill, C. A. S.; Jones, D.; Militz, H.; and Ormondroyed, G. A., editor(s), pages 105–113, 2007. \n \n\n\n\n
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@inproceedings{hill_effects_2007,\n\ttitle = {Effects of {Wood} {Treatment} with {Amino}-silicone {Emulsions} on {Different} {Material} {Properties}},\n\tshorttitle = {Effects of {Wood} {Treatment} with {Amino}-silicone {Emulsions} on {Different} {Material} {Properties}},\n\tauthor = {Mai, C. and Weigenand, O. and Ghosh, S. C. and Militz, H.},\n\teditor = {Hill, C. A. S. and Jones, D. and Militz, H. and Ormondroyed, G. A.},\n\tyear = {2007},\n\tpages = {105--113},\n\tfile = {pp105-113:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\B2W3T2DP\\\\pp105-113.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Chemical Wood Protection.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Mai, C.; and Militz, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In Kües, U., editor(s), Wood Production, Wood Technology, and Biotechnological Impacts, pages 259–271. Universitätsverlag Göttingen, 2007.\n \n\n\n\n
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@incollection{kues_chemical_2007,\n\ttitle = {Chemical {Wood} {Protection}},\n\tisbn = {3-940344-11-7},\n\tshorttitle = {Chemical {Wood} {Protection}},\n\tbooktitle = {Wood {Production}, {Wood} {Technology}, and {Biotechnological} {Impacts}},\n\tpublisher = {Universitätsverlag Göttingen},\n\tauthor = {Mai, C. and Militz, H.},\n\teditor = {Kües, U.},\n\tyear = {2007},\n\tpages = {259--271},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Modification of Domestic Timbers by Impregnation Using Supercritical Carbon Dioxide-Preliminary Results.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Jelen, E.; Danzig, J.; Deerberg, G.; Kareth, S.; Weidner, E.; Mai, C.; Ghosh, S. C.; and Militz, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In Hill, C. A. S.; Jones, D.; Militz, H.; and Ormondroyed, G. A., editor(s), pages 291–294, 2007. \n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@inproceedings{hill_modification_2007,\n\ttitle = {Modification of {Domestic} {Timbers} by {Impregnation} {Using} {Supercritical} {Carbon} {Dioxide}-{Preliminary} {Results}},\n\tshorttitle = {Modification of {Domestic} {Timbers} by {Impregnation} {Using} {Supercritical} {Carbon} {Dioxide}-{Preliminary} {Results}},\n\tauthor = {Jelen, E. and Danzig, J. and Deerberg, G. and Kareth, S. and Weidner, E. and Mai, C. and Ghosh, S. C. and Militz, H.},\n\teditor = {Hill, C. A. S. and Jones, D. and Militz, H. and Ormondroyed, G. A.},\n\tyear = {2007},\n\tpages = {291--294},\n\tfile = {pp291-294:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\ZRQD4TWM\\\\pp291-294.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Einführung in die Rezepturauswahl - Eigenschaften der Inhaltsstoffe von WPC.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Grüneber, T.; Mai, C.; and Militz, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In Nova-Institut, editor(s), pages 1–12, 2007. \n \n\n\n\n
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@inproceedings{nova-institut_einfuhrung_2007,\n\ttitle = {Einführung in die {Rezepturauswahl} - {Eigenschaften} der {Inhaltsstoffe} von {WPC}},\n\tshorttitle = {Einführung in die {Rezepturauswahl} - {Eigenschaften} der {Inhaltsstoffe} von {WPC}},\n\tauthor = {Grüneber, T. and Mai, C. and Militz, H.},\n\teditor = {{Nova-Institut}},\n\tyear = {2007},\n\tpages = {1--12},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Performance testing of plywood produced with DMDHEU-modified veneers of Fagus sp., Betula sp., and Picea sp.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Diesta, A.; Krause, A.; Bollmus, S.; and Militz, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In Spear, M., editor(s), pages 71–80, 2007. \n \n\n\n\n
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@inproceedings{spear_performance_2007,\n\ttitle = {Performance testing of plywood produced with {DMDHEU}-modified veneers of {Fagus} sp., {Betula} sp., and {Picea} sp.},\n\tshorttitle = {Performance testing of plywood produced with {DMDHEU}-modified veneers of {Fagus} sp., {Betula} sp., and {Picea} sp.},\n\tauthor = {Diesta, A. and Krause, A. and Bollmus, S. and Militz, H.},\n\teditor = {Spear, M.},\n\tyear = {2007},\n\tpages = {71--80},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Modifizierung einheimischer Hölzer durch Imprägnierung mit überkritischem Kohlendioxid als Lösungsmittel.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Danzig, J.; Jelen, E.; Deerberg, G.; Kareth, S.; Weidner, E.; Mai, C.; Ghosh, S. C.; and Militz, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In pages 259–260, 2007. \n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@inproceedings{danzig_modifizierung_2007,\n\ttitle = {Modifizierung einheimischer {Hölzer} durch {Imprägnierung} mit überkritischem {Kohlendioxid} als {Lösungsmittel}},\n\tshorttitle = {Modifizierung einheimischer {Hölzer} durch {Imprägnierung} mit überkritischem {Kohlendioxid} als {Lösungsmittel}},\n\tauthor = {Danzig, J. and Jelen, E. and Deerberg, G. and Kareth, S. and Weidner, E. and Mai, C. and Ghosh, S. C. and Militz, H.},\n\tyear = {2007},\n\tpages = {259--260},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Improvement of wood properties by wood modification.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Rademacher, P.; Bollmus, S.; Militz, H.; and Krause, A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In Bejo, L., editor(s), The Beauty of Hardwood, pages 124–132. Faculty of Wood Sciences at the University of West Hungary, Sopron, Hungary, 2007.\n \n\n\n\n
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@incollection{bejo_improvement_2007,\n\taddress = {Sopron, Hungary},\n\ttitle = {Improvement of wood properties by wood modification},\n\tshorttitle = {Improvement of wood properties by wood modification},\n\tbooktitle = {The {Beauty} of {Hardwood}},\n\tpublisher = {Faculty of Wood Sciences at the University of West Hungary},\n\tauthor = {Rademacher, P. and Bollmus, S. and Militz, H. and Krause, A.},\n\teditor = {Bejo, L.},\n\tyear = {2007},\n\tpages = {124--132},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Influence of the modification with different aldehydebased agents on the tensile strength of wood.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Mai, C.; Xie, Y.; Xiao, Z.; Bollmus, S.; Vetter, G.; Krause, A.; and Militz, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In Hill, C. A. S.; Jones, D.; Militz, H.; and Ormondroyed, G. A., editor(s), pages 49–56, 2007. \n \n\n\n\n
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@inproceedings{hill_influence_2007,\n\ttitle = {Influence of the modification with different aldehydebased agents on the tensile strength of wood},\n\tshorttitle = {Influence of the modification with different aldehydebased agents on the tensile strength of wood},\n\tauthor = {Mai, C. and Xie, Y. and Xiao, Z. and Bollmus, S. and Vetter, G. and Krause, A. and Militz, H.},\n\teditor = {Hill, C. A. S. and Jones, D. and Militz, H. and Ormondroyed, G. A.},\n\tyear = {2007},\n\tpages = {49--56},\n\tfile = {pp49-56:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\787G9GD4\\\\pp49-56.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Neuartige Systeme zur Hydrophobierung von Holz in der Außenanwendung.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Mai, C.; Nguyen, H. M.; Donath, S.; Weigenand, O.; and Militz, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In pages 73–85, September 2007. Deutsche Gesellschaft für Holzforschung (DGfH)\n \n\n\n\n
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@inproceedings{mai_neuartige_2007,\n\ttitle = {Neuartige {Systeme} zur {Hydrophobierung} von {Holz} in der {Außenanwendung}},\n\tshorttitle = {Neuartige {Systeme} zur {Hydrophobierung} von {Holz} in der {Außenanwendung}},\n\tpublisher = {Deutsche Gesellschaft für Holzforschung (DGfH)},\n\tauthor = {Mai, C. and Nguyen, H. M. and Donath, S. and Weigenand, O. and Militz, H.},\n\tmonth = sep,\n\tyear = {2007},\n\tpages = {73--85},\n\tfile = {7_Neuartige Systeme zur Hydrophobierung von Holz in der Außenanwendung:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\B4TSBDCG\\\\7_Neuartige Systeme zur Hydrophobierung von Holz in der Außenanwendung.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Hydroxymethylated resorcinol (HMR) priming agent for improved bondability of silicone modified wood.Bonding of Modified Wood.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Kurt, R.; Mai, C.; Krause, A.; and Militz, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In COST, editor(s), pages 71–76, 2007. \n \n\n\n\n
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@inproceedings{cost_hydroxymethylated_2007,\n\ttitle = {Hydroxymethylated resorcinol ({HMR}) priming agent for improved bondability of silicone modified wood.{Bonding} of {Modified} {Wood}},\n\tshorttitle = {Hydroxymethylated resorcinol ({HMR}) priming agent for improved bondability of silicone modified wood.{Bonding} of {Modified} {Wood}},\n\tauthor = {Kurt, R. and Mai, C. and Krause, A. and Militz, H.},\n\teditor = {{COST}},\n\tyear = {2007},\n\tpages = {71--76},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Biological Wood Protection against Decay, Microbial Staining, Fungal Moulding and Insect Pests.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Kües, U.; Mai, C.; and Militz, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In Kües, U., editor(s), Wood Production, Wood Technology, and Biotechnological Impacts, pages 273–294. Universitätsverlag Göttingen, 2007.\n \n\n\n\n
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@incollection{kues_biological_2007,\n\ttitle = {Biological {Wood} {Protection} against {Decay}, {Microbial} {Staining}, {Fungal} {Moulding} and {Insect} {Pests}},\n\tisbn = {3-940344-11-7},\n\tshorttitle = {Biological {Wood} {Protection} against {Decay}, {Microbial} {Staining}, {Fungal} {Moulding} and {Insect} {Pests}},\n\tbooktitle = {Wood {Production}, {Wood} {Technology}, and {Biotechnological} {Impacts}},\n\tpublisher = {Universitätsverlag Göttingen},\n\tauthor = {Kües, U. and Mai, C. and Militz, H.},\n\teditor = {Kües, U.},\n\tyear = {2007},\n\tpages = {273--294},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Effect of treatments with 1, 3-dimethylol-4, 5-dihydroxy-ethyleneurea (DMDHEU) on the tensile properties of wood.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Xie, Y.; Krause, A.; Militz, H.; Turkulin, H.; Richter, K.; and Mai, C.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Holzforschung, 61(1): 43–50. 2007.\n \n\n\n\n
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@article{xie_effect_2007,\n\ttitle = {Effect of treatments with 1, 3-dimethylol-4, 5-dihydroxy-ethyleneurea ({DMDHEU}) on the tensile properties of wood},\n\tvolume = {61},\n\tissn = {1437-434X},\n\tshorttitle = {Effect of treatments with 1, 3-dimethylol-4, 5-dihydroxy-ethyleneurea ({DMDHEU}) on the tensile properties of wood},\n\tnumber = {1},\n\tjournal = {Holzforschung},\n\tauthor = {Xie, Y. and Krause, A. and Militz, H. and Turkulin, H. and Richter, K. and Mai, C.},\n\tyear = {2007},\n\tpages = {43--50},\n\tfile = {hf.2007.008:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\D5D4ZTS6\\\\hf.2007.008.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Wood Modification by Atmospheric Pressure Plasma Treatment.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Wolkenhauer, A.; Avramidis, G.; Militz, H.; and Viöl, W.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In Hill, C. A. S.; Jones, D.; Militz, H.; and Ormondroyed, G. A., editor(s), pages 271–274, 2007. \n \n\n\n\n
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@inproceedings{hill_wood_2007,\n\ttitle = {Wood {Modification} by {Atmospheric} {Pressure} {Plasma} {Treatment}},\n\tshorttitle = {Wood {Modification} by {Atmospheric} {Pressure} {Plasma} {Treatment}},\n\tauthor = {Wolkenhauer, A. and Avramidis, G. and Militz, H. and Viöl, W.},\n\teditor = {Hill, C. A. S. and Jones, D. and Militz, H. and Ormondroyed, G. A.},\n\tyear = {2007},\n\tpages = {271--274},\n\tfile = {pp271-274:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\K4DGUHKG\\\\pp271-274.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Thermally Modified Timber (TMT) Facing European Standards.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Scheiding, W.; Rapp, A. O.; and Krause, A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In Hill, C. A. S.; Jones, D.; Militz, H.; and Ormondroyed, G. A., editor(s), pages 413–421, 2007. \n \n\n\n\n
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@inproceedings{hill_thermally_2007,\n\ttitle = {Thermally {Modified} {Timber} ({TMT}) {Facing} {European} {Standards}},\n\tshorttitle = {Thermally {Modified} {Timber} ({TMT}) {Facing} {European} {Standards}},\n\tauthor = {Scheiding, W. and Rapp, A. O. and Krause, A.},\n\teditor = {Hill, C. A. S. and Jones, D. and Militz, H. and Ormondroyed, G. A.},\n\tyear = {2007},\n\tpages = {413--421},\n\tfile = {pp413-421:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\SE9M4NSS\\\\pp413-421.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Chemical modification of wood particles for the production of WPCs using N-Methylol compounds and paraffin.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Schirp, A.; Stoll, B.; Mai, C.; Richter, E.; and Militz, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In Stark, N. M., editor(s), pages 243–252, 2007. Forest Products Society\n \n\n\n\n
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@inproceedings{stark_chemical_2007,\n\ttitle = {Chemical modification of wood particles for the production of {WPCs} using {N}-{Methylol} compounds and paraffin},\n\tshorttitle = {Chemical modification of wood particles for the production of {WPCs} using {N}-{Methylol} compounds and paraffin},\n\tpublisher = {Forest Products Society},\n\tauthor = {Schirp, A. and Stoll, B. and Mai, C. and Richter, E. and Militz, H.},\n\teditor = {Stark, N. M.},\n\tyear = {2007},\n\tpages = {243--252},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Weathering Properties of Wood Modified with Hydrophobation Agents.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Nguyen, H. M.; Militz, H.; and Mai, C.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In Hill, C. A. S.; Jones, D.; Militz, H.; and Ormondroyed, G. A., editor(s), pages 205–208, 2007. \n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@inproceedings{hill_weathering_2007,\n\ttitle = {Weathering {Properties} of {Wood} {Modified} with {Hydrophobation} {Agents}},\n\tshorttitle = {Weathering {Properties} of {Wood} {Modified} with {Hydrophobation} {Agents}},\n\tauthor = {Nguyen, H. M. and Militz, H. and Mai, C.},\n\teditor = {Hill, C. A. S. and Jones, D. and Militz, H. and Ormondroyed, G. A.},\n\tyear = {2007},\n\tpages = {205--208},\n\tfile = {pp205-208:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\5876NVHE\\\\pp205-208.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Wettability of waterborne coatings on chemically and thermally modified pine wood.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Petrič, M.; Knehtl, B.; Krause, A.; Militz, H.; Pavlič, M.; Pétrissans, M.; Rapp, A.; Tomažič, M.; Welzbacher, C.; and Gérardin, P.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Journal of Coatings Technology and Research, 4(2): 203–206. 2007.\n \n\n\n\n
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@article{petric_wettability_2007,\n\ttitle = {Wettability of waterborne coatings on chemically and thermally modified pine wood},\n\tvolume = {4},\n\tissn = {1547-0091},\n\tshorttitle = {Wettability of waterborne coatings on chemically and thermally modified pine wood},\n\tnumber = {2},\n\tjournal = {Journal of Coatings Technology and Research},\n\tauthor = {Petrič, M. and Knehtl, B. and Krause, A. and Militz, H. and Pavlič, M. and Pétrissans, M. and Rapp, A. and Tomažič, M. and Welzbacher, C. and Gérardin, P.},\n\tyear = {2007},\n\tpages = {203--206},\n\tfile = {art%3A10.1007%2Fs11998-007-9023-2:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\NAEKJHJV\\\\art%3A10.1007%2Fs11998-007-9023-2.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Weathering and Coating Properties of Chemical Modified Wood.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Xie, Y.; Krause, A.; Militz, H.; and Mai, C.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In Hill, C. A. S.; Jones, D.; Militz, H.; and Ormondroyed, G. A., editor(s), pages 213–216, 2007. \n \n\n\n\n
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@inproceedings{hill_weathering_2007-1,\n\ttitle = {Weathering and {Coating} {Properties} of {Chemical} {Modified} {Wood}},\n\tshorttitle = {Weathering and {Coating} {Properties} of {Chemical} {Modified} {Wood}},\n\tauthor = {Xie, Y. and Krause, A. and Militz, H. and Mai, C.},\n\teditor = {Hill, C. A. S. and Jones, D. and Militz, H. and Ormondroyed, G. A.},\n\tyear = {2007},\n\tpages = {213--216},\n\tfile = {pp213-216:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\GKBEQB2F\\\\pp213-216.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Penetration of amino-silicone micro-and macro-emulsions into Scots pine sapwood and the effect on water-related properties.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Weigenand, O.; Militz, H.; Tingaut, P.; Sebe, G.; De Jéso, B.; and Mai, C.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Holzforschung, 61(1): 51–59. 2007.\n \n\n\n\n
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@article{weigenand_penetration_2007,\n\ttitle = {Penetration of amino-silicone micro-and macro-emulsions into {Scots} pine sapwood and the effect on water-related properties},\n\tvolume = {61},\n\tissn = {1437-434X},\n\tshorttitle = {Penetration of amino-silicone micro-and macro-emulsions into {Scots} pine sapwood and the effect on water-related properties},\n\tnumber = {1},\n\tjournal = {Holzforschung},\n\tauthor = {Weigenand, O. and Militz, H. and Tingaut, P. and Sebe, G. and De Jéso, B. and Mai, C.},\n\tyear = {2007},\n\tpages = {51--59},\n\tfile = {hf.2007.009:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\6P8EXTVX\\\\hf.2007.009.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Fixation of Methyltrimethoxysilane in Wood Pre-modified with an Alkoxysilane Coupling Agent.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Tingaut, P.; Weigenand, O.; Mai, C.; Militz, H.; and Sèbe, G.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In Hill, C. A. S.; Jones, D.; Militz, H.; and Ormondroyed, G. A., editor(s), pages 143–146, 2007. \n \n\n\n\n
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@inproceedings{hill_fixation_2007,\n\ttitle = {Fixation of {Methyltrimethoxysilane} in {Wood} {Pre}-modified with an {Alkoxysilane} {Coupling} {Agent}},\n\tshorttitle = {Fixation of {Methyltrimethoxysilane} in {Wood} {Pre}-modified with an {Alkoxysilane} {Coupling} {Agent}},\n\tauthor = {Tingaut, P. and Weigenand, O. and Mai, C. and Militz, H. and Sèbe, G.},\n\teditor = {Hill, C. A. S. and Jones, D. and Militz, H. and Ormondroyed, G. A.},\n\tyear = {2007},\n\tpages = {143--146},\n\tfile = {pp143-146:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\EK4UTQ6T\\\\pp143-146.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Microwave curing of furfuryl alcohol modified wood.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Treu, A.; Larnøy, E.; and Militz, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In May 2007. \n \n\n\n\n
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@inproceedings{treu_microwave_2007,\n\ttitle = {Microwave curing of furfuryl alcohol modified wood},\n\tdoi = {IRG/WP 07-40371},\n\tabstract = {Furfurylated wood has shown to have promising properties for a wood modification agent during the last years. In this paper, an alternative curing method for furfuryl alcohol modified pine sapwood by means of microwave radiation was investigated. Different process parameters of microwave treatment such as output power, exposure time to microwave radiation, initial wood moisture content and evaporation during treatment, were tested. The weight percent gain of pine wood samples due to polymerised furfuryl alcohol was investigated by means of thermo gravimetric analysis. Leaching of furfuryl treated and differently cured samples gave information about the degree of fixation. No distinct influence of initial moisture content could be stated. A slight tendency of improving the degree of fixation by increasing the consumption energy of wood samples due to microwave energy was found. Changing the evaporation ability of samples during microwave treatment by using plastic foil had no distinct influence. Fixation of furfuryl alcohol could be improved by microwave treatment, and a degree of fixation above 90 \\% was calculated. However, the fixation was lower than in oven cured samples.},\n\tauthor = {Treu, A. and Larnøy, E. and Militz, H.},\n\tmonth = may,\n\tyear = {2007},\n\tkeywords = {wood modification, curing, furfuryl alcohol, microwave treatment, Pinus sylvestris},\n\tfile = {IRG 07-40371:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\ETGFW3PA\\\\IRG 07-40371.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n Furfurylated wood has shown to have promising properties for a wood modification agent during the last years. In this paper, an alternative curing method for furfuryl alcohol modified pine sapwood by means of microwave radiation was investigated. Different process parameters of microwave treatment such as output power, exposure time to microwave radiation, initial wood moisture content and evaporation during treatment, were tested. The weight percent gain of pine wood samples due to polymerised furfuryl alcohol was investigated by means of thermo gravimetric analysis. Leaching of furfuryl treated and differently cured samples gave information about the degree of fixation. No distinct influence of initial moisture content could be stated. A slight tendency of improving the degree of fixation by increasing the consumption energy of wood samples due to microwave energy was found. Changing the evaporation ability of samples during microwave treatment by using plastic foil had no distinct influence. Fixation of furfuryl alcohol could be improved by microwave treatment, and a degree of fixation above 90 % was calculated. However, the fixation was lower than in oven cured samples.\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Protection of wood for above ground application through modification with a fatty acid modified N-methylol/paraffin formulation.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Nguyen, H. M.; Militz, H.; and Mai, C.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In May 2007. \n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n doi\n  \n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n  \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
\n 
@inproceedings{nguyen_protection_2007,\n\ttitle = {Protection of wood for above ground application through modification with a fatty acid modified {N}-methylol/paraffin formulation},\n\tdoi = {IRG/WP 07-40378},\n\tabstract = {Hydrophobic chemical modification can be regarded as an alternative approach to conventional wood preservation using biocides in order to protect wood in hazard class 3 according the European Standard EN 335-1. A formulation containing fatty acid modified N-methylol/paraffin and an aluminium salt catalyst was used to change the material properties of wood in order to protect wood from fungal decay and deterioration through weathering. Beech wood (Fagus sylvatica) treated to weight percent gains (WPG) of 10-14\\% resulted in significant decrease in water uptake in a submersion test of 40-50\\% when compared to that of untreated wood. The treatment slightly reduced the equilibrium moisture content at 60\\% and 90\\% relative humidity by 2\\% compared to untreated wood. An anti-swell efficient (ASE) of 26.6\\% was achieved at a WPG of 15.7\\% and indicated a moderate dimensional stabilisation. Strength properties of treated wood were not reduced by the treatment. In addition to the improvement of water related properties, the durability towards basidiomycetes was highly increased (tested according to EN113); the weight loss at 15\\% WPG was lower than 3\\%. Infection by the blue stain fungus Aureobasidium pullulans was significantly reduced in a laboratory test due to the treatment. Outside exposure over 1 year revealed less cracking and blue stain compared to untreated wood. The results of this study show that wood modified with a formulation of fatty acid modified N methylol/ paraffin was able to protect wood applied in hazard class 3 according to the European standard EN 335-1 over a long time period without the application of conventional biocidal products.},\n\tauthor = {Nguyen, H. M. and Militz, H. and Mai, C.},\n\tmonth = may,\n\tyear = {2007},\n\tkeywords = {Basidiomycetes, Beech (Fagus sylvatica), blue stain, Durability, Scots pine sapwood (Pinus syvestris), water repellent},\n\tfile = {IRG 07-40378:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\HUV3ZAN4\\\\IRG 07-40378.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
\n
\n\n\n
\n Hydrophobic chemical modification can be regarded as an alternative approach to conventional wood preservation using biocides in order to protect wood in hazard class 3 according the European Standard EN 335-1. A formulation containing fatty acid modified N-methylol/paraffin and an aluminium salt catalyst was used to change the material properties of wood in order to protect wood from fungal decay and deterioration through weathering. Beech wood (Fagus sylvatica) treated to weight percent gains (WPG) of 10-14% resulted in significant decrease in water uptake in a submersion test of 40-50% when compared to that of untreated wood. The treatment slightly reduced the equilibrium moisture content at 60% and 90% relative humidity by 2% compared to untreated wood. An anti-swell efficient (ASE) of 26.6% was achieved at a WPG of 15.7% and indicated a moderate dimensional stabilisation. Strength properties of treated wood were not reduced by the treatment. In addition to the improvement of water related properties, the durability towards basidiomycetes was highly increased (tested according to EN113); the weight loss at 15% WPG was lower than 3%. Infection by the blue stain fungus Aureobasidium pullulans was significantly reduced in a laboratory test due to the treatment. Outside exposure over 1 year revealed less cracking and blue stain compared to untreated wood. The results of this study show that wood modified with a formulation of fatty acid modified N methylol/ paraffin was able to protect wood applied in hazard class 3 according to the European standard EN 335-1 over a long time period without the application of conventional biocidal products.\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Weathering of silane treated wood.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Donath, S.; Militz, H.; and Mai, C.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Holz als Roh-und Werkstoff, 65(1): 35–42. 2007.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
\n 
@article{donath_weathering_2007,\n\ttitle = {Weathering of silane treated wood},\n\tvolume = {65},\n\tissn = {0018-3768},\n\tshorttitle = {Weathering of silane treated wood},\n\tnumber = {1},\n\tjournal = {Holz als Roh-und Werkstoff},\n\tauthor = {Donath, S. and Militz, H. and Mai, C.},\n\tyear = {2007},\n\tpages = {35--42},\n\tfile = {art%3A10.1007%2Fs00107-006-0131-y:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\2V9ZR742\\\\art%3A10.1007%2Fs00107-006-0131-y.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n  \n 2006\n \n \n (36)\n \n \n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n A survey of factors affecting decay resistance of wood modified with acetic anhydride.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Alfredsen, G.; Flæte, P. O.; and Militz, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In May 2006. \n \n\n\n\n
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\n 
@inproceedings{alfredsen_survey_2006,\n\ttitle = {A survey of factors affecting decay resistance of wood modified with acetic anhydride},\n\tdoi = {IRG/WP 12-40594},\n\tabstract = {From the range of information published, acetylation appears well suited to provide adequate protection against biological attack for materials derived from typically non-durable wood species. Acetylated wood is now commercially available both in Europe and in the USA. But still there are a lot of unanswered questions related to fungal decay mechanisms in acetylated wood. The paper summarize existing knowledge and highlight future research opportunities related to fungal deterioration of acetic anhydride modified wood. In addition statistical analyses based on previously published data were performed to quantify what factors contribute most to the performance (calculated as test sample/control). The results showed that WPG can explain approximately 50 \\% of the performance, measured as test sample/control (T/C), for acetic anhydride treated wood. Other of the applied variables, like wood species or type of fungus can reduce the variance in T/C by additional 15 \\%.},\n\tauthor = {Alfredsen, G. and Flæte, P. O. and Militz, H.},\n\tmonth = may,\n\tyear = {2006},\n\tkeywords = {acetic anhydride, acetylation, decay mechanisms, fungi, literature survey, prediction model},\n\tfile = {IRG 12-40594:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\B2IZFJH7\\\\IRG 12-40594.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n From the range of information published, acetylation appears well suited to provide adequate protection against biological attack for materials derived from typically non-durable wood species. Acetylated wood is now commercially available both in Europe and in the USA. But still there are a lot of unanswered questions related to fungal decay mechanisms in acetylated wood. The paper summarize existing knowledge and highlight future research opportunities related to fungal deterioration of acetic anhydride modified wood. In addition statistical analyses based on previously published data were performed to quantify what factors contribute most to the performance (calculated as test sample/control). The results showed that WPG can explain approximately 50 % of the performance, measured as test sample/control (T/C), for acetic anhydride treated wood. Other of the applied variables, like wood species or type of fungus can reduce the variance in T/C by additional 15 %.\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Resistance of DMDHEU-treated pine wood against termite and fungi attack in field testing according to EN 252. Results after 30 months.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Schaffert, S.; Nunes, L; Krause, A.; and Militz, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In pages 11, Tromsø, Norway, June 2006. \n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n doi\n  \n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
\n 
@inproceedings{schaffert_resistance_2006,\n\taddress = {Tromsø, Norway},\n\ttitle = {Resistance of {DMDHEU}-treated pine wood against termite and fungi attack in field testing according to {EN} 252. {Results} after 30 months},\n\tdoi = {IRG/WP 06-40354},\n\tauthor = {Schaffert, S. and Nunes, L and Krause, A. and Militz, H.},\n\tmonth = jun,\n\tyear = {2006},\n\tpages = {11},\n\tfile = {IRG 06-40354.pdf:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\8INBJMRG\\\\IRG 06-40354.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Novel wood modification processes for window and cladding products.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Krause, A.; Hof, C.; and Militz, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In pages 20, June 2006. \n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n doi\n  \n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n  \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@inproceedings{krause_novel_2006,\n\ttitle = {Novel wood modification processes for window and cladding products},\n\tdoi = {IRG/WP 04-40285},\n\tabstract = {Because of the low natural durability and low dimensional stability of European wood species, the usage of wood for window frames has decreased dramatically during the last decade. In a joint project of several German research institutes and the window industry, following wood modification systems were compared. heat treatment (3 different materials from 2 companies) acetylation (pine sapwood and beech wood acetylated with acetic anhydride) polymerisation (melamine resin treated pine sapwood, Interlace treatment, furfurylation) wax treatment (pine sapwood, which was impregnated with natural resin and waxes) Investigated was the moisture content, dimensional stability, capillary water uptake and the durability. The dimensional stability show a high increase for following materials: heat treated wood, acetylated pine, interlace treated wood and furfurylated wood. The melamine resin treated wood and the wax treated wood show no significant increase in the dimensional stability. The biological durability against different basidiomycetes was tested according to the EN 113. As test fungi, Coniophora puteana, Poria placenta and Coriolus versicolor were used. The results show a very high increase in the durability for most of the treated wood. The wax treated wood shows no significant increase in durability. A novel window frame consists of several functional layers. Different wood properties are demanded for the single layers to achieve optimal window properties. Every modified wood shows a special potential for the use in a functional layer.},\n\tauthor = {Krause, A. and Hof, C. and Militz, H.},\n\tmonth = jun,\n\tyear = {2006},\n\tkeywords = {Durability, DMDHEU, acetylation, Heat treatment, modification, capillary uptake, furfurylation, interlace treatment, melamine, sorption, Window frame},\n\tpages = {20},\n\tfile = {IRG 04-40285:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\NC8JW2HA\\\\IRG 04-40285.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n\n\n
\n Because of the low natural durability and low dimensional stability of European wood species, the usage of wood for window frames has decreased dramatically during the last decade. In a joint project of several German research institutes and the window industry, following wood modification systems were compared. heat treatment (3 different materials from 2 companies) acetylation (pine sapwood and beech wood acetylated with acetic anhydride) polymerisation (melamine resin treated pine sapwood, Interlace treatment, furfurylation) wax treatment (pine sapwood, which was impregnated with natural resin and waxes) Investigated was the moisture content, dimensional stability, capillary water uptake and the durability. The dimensional stability show a high increase for following materials: heat treated wood, acetylated pine, interlace treated wood and furfurylated wood. The melamine resin treated wood and the wax treated wood show no significant increase in the dimensional stability. The biological durability against different basidiomycetes was tested according to the EN 113. As test fungi, Coniophora puteana, Poria placenta and Coriolus versicolor were used. The results show a very high increase in the durability for most of the treated wood. The wax treated wood shows no significant increase in durability. A novel window frame consists of several functional layers. Different wood properties are demanded for the single layers to achieve optimal window properties. Every modified wood shows a special potential for the use in a functional layer.\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Wässrige, härtbare Zusammensetzungen zum Imprägnieren von Lignocellulosematerialien.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Kingma, A. J.; Weingart, F.; Militz, H.; and Krause, A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n 2006.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n 
@patent{kingma_wassrige_2006,\n\ttitle = {Wässrige, härtbare {Zusammensetzungen} zum {Imprägnieren} von {Lignocellulosematerialien}},\n\tshorttitle = {Wässrige, härtbare {Zusammensetzungen} zum {Imprägnieren} von {Lignocellulosematerialien}},\n\tauthor = {Kingma, A. J. and Weingart, F. and Militz, H. and Krause, A.},\n\tyear = {2006},\n\tfile = {DE102006019819A1_1:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\BMEQVMKV\\\\DE102006019819A1_1.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Kompositwerkstoff aus Holz und thermoplastischem Kunststoff.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Militz, H.; Mai, C.; Jenkner, P.; Edelmann, R.; Standke, B.; Michel, P.; Bergmann, J. U.; and Schmidt, S.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n 2006.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n \"KompositwerkstoffPaper\n  \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
\n 
@patent{militz_kompositwerkstoff_2006,\n\ttitle = {Kompositwerkstoff aus {Holz} und thermoplastischem {Kunststoff}},\n\tshorttitle = {Kompositwerkstoff aus {Holz} und thermoplastischem {Kunststoff}},\n\turl = {https://www.google.de/patents/DE102006013090A1?cl=de},\n\tauthor = {Militz, H. and Mai, C. and Jenkner, P. and Edelmann, R. and Standke, B. and Michel, P. and Bergmann, J. U. and Schmidt, S.},\n\tyear = {2006},\n\tfile = {DE102006013090A1:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\RN65GDPQ\\\\DE102006013090A1.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Bordered Pit Imaging.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Mascheck, D.; Goodell, B.; Militz, H.; Lessard, M.; and Jellison, J.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In May 2006. \n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n doi\n  \n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n  \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
\n 
@inproceedings{mascheck_bordered_2006,\n\ttitle = {Bordered {Pit} {Imaging}},\n\tdoi = {IRG/WP 12-10773},\n\tabstract = {New findings about bordered pits will be presented using the latest microscopy techniques. Three-dimensional imagery at the nanolevel is used, and short 3-D movies will shown as part of the discussion on this topic to reveal new features that have not previously been reported in pits. The implications for both microorganism penetration through lignified cells as well as preservative penetration in wood will be overviewed in light of the findings.},\n\tauthor = {Mascheck, D. and Goodell, B. and Militz, H. and Lessard, M. and Jellison, J.},\n\tmonth = may,\n\tyear = {2006},\n\tkeywords = {4Pi imaging, confocal microscopy, immunolabeling, list bordered pits, margo, nanostructure, torus},\n\tfile = {IRG 12-10773:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\V5KR67XI\\\\IRG 12-10773.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n New findings about bordered pits will be presented using the latest microscopy techniques. Three-dimensional imagery at the nanolevel is used, and short 3-D movies will shown as part of the discussion on this topic to reveal new features that have not previously been reported in pits. The implications for both microorganism penetration through lignified cells as well as preservative penetration in wood will be overviewed in light of the findings.\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Verfahren zur Behandlung von Holzoberflächen.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Kingma, A. J.; Wagner, E.; Graf, K.; Menzel, K.; Militz, H.; Krause, A.; Xie, Y.; and Mai, C.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n 2006.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
\n 
@patent{kingma_verfahren_2006,\n\ttitle = {Verfahren zur {Behandlung} von {Holzoberflächen}},\n\tshorttitle = {Verfahren zur {Behandlung} von {Holzoberflächen}},\n\tauthor = {Kingma, A. J. and Wagner, E. and Graf, K. and Menzel, K. and Militz, H. and Krause, A. and Xie, Y. and Mai, C.},\n\tyear = {2006},\n\tfile = {DE102006019817A1_1:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\AAMIDZCJ\\\\DE102006019817A1_1.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Verfahren zum Imprägnieren von Lignocellulosematerialien mit Effektstoffen.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Kingma, A. J.; Reisacher, H. U.; Mauthe, U.; Militz, H.; Krause, A.; and Mai, C.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n 2006.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
\n 
@patent{kingma_verfahren_2006-1,\n\ttitle = {Verfahren zum {Imprägnieren} von {Lignocellulosematerialien} mit {Effektstoffen}},\n\tshorttitle = {Verfahren zum {Imprägnieren} von {Lignocellulosematerialien} mit {Effektstoffen}},\n\tauthor = {Kingma, A. J. and Reisacher, H. U. and Mauthe, U. and Militz, H. and Krause, A. and Mai, C.},\n\tyear = {2006},\n\tfile = {DE102006019816A1_1:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\4N6FSXNC\\\\DE102006019816A1_1.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Verwendung wässriger Wachsdispersionen zur Imprägnierung von Lignocellulose-Materialien.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Kingma, A. J.; Fechtenkötter, A.; Kasel, W.; Militz, H.; Krause, A.; and Mai, C.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n 2006.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n 
@patent{kingma_verwendung_2006,\n\ttitle = {Verwendung wässriger {Wachsdispersionen} zur {Imprägnierung} von {Lignocellulose}-{Materialien}},\n\tshorttitle = {Verwendung wässriger {Wachsdispersionen} zur {Imprägnierung} von {Lignocellulose}-{Materialien}},\n\tauthor = {Kingma, A. J. and Fechtenkötter, A. and Kasel, W. and Militz, H. and Krause, A. and Mai, C.},\n\tyear = {2006},\n\tfile = {DE102006019818A1:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\X22F5FNN\\\\DE102006019818A1.pdf:application/pdf;WO002006117158A1:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\CX2W6AHT\\\\WO002006117158A1.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Verfahren zum Hydrophobieren von Lignocellulosematerialien.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Kingma, A. J.; Fechtenkötter, A.; Kasel, W.; Militz, H.; Krause, A.; and Mai, C.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n 2006.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n 
@patent{kingma_verfahren_2006-2,\n\ttitle = {Verfahren zum {Hydrophobieren} von {Lignocellulosematerialien}},\n\tshorttitle = {Verfahren zum {Hydrophobieren} von {Lignocellulosematerialien}},\n\tauthor = {Kingma, A. J. and Fechtenkötter, A. and Kasel, W. and Militz, H. and Krause, A. and Mai, C.},\n\tyear = {2006},\n\tfile = {DE102006019820A1:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\J7I2NTSQ\\\\DE102006019820A1.pdf:application/pdf;EP000001879726A1:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\IVKW8RKF\\\\EP000001879726A1.pdf:application/pdf;WO002006117160A1:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\2D5QRVAU\\\\WO002006117160A1.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Microstructural and physical aspects of heat treated wood. Part 1. Softwoods.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Boonstra, M. J.; Rijsdijk, J. F.; Sander, C.; Kegel, E.; Tjeerdsma, B.; Militz, H.; Van Acker, J.; and Stevens, M.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Maderas. Ciencia y tecnología, 8(3): 193–208. 2006.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
\n 
@article{boonstra_microstructural_2006,\n\ttitle = {Microstructural and physical aspects of heat treated wood. {Part} 1. {Softwoods}},\n\tvolume = {8},\n\tissn = {0718-221X},\n\tshorttitle = {Microstructural and physical aspects of heat treated wood. {Part} 1. {Softwoods}},\n\tnumber = {3},\n\tjournal = {Maderas. Ciencia y tecnología},\n\tauthor = {Boonstra, M. J. and Rijsdijk, J. F. and Sander, C. and Kegel, E. and Tjeerdsma, B. and Militz, H. and Van Acker, J. and Stevens, M.},\n\tyear = {2006},\n\tpages = {193--208},\n\tfile = {48580306:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\REZPAXZV\\\\48580306.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Treatment of wood with aminofunctional silanes for protection against wood destroying fungi.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Donath, S.; Militz, H.; and Mai, C.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Holzforschung, 60(2): 210–216. 2006.\n \n\n\n\n
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@article{donath_treatment_2006,\n\ttitle = {Treatment of wood with aminofunctional silanes for protection against wood destroying fungi},\n\tvolume = {60},\n\tissn = {1437-434X},\n\tshorttitle = {Treatment of wood with aminofunctional silanes for protection against wood destroying fungi},\n\tnumber = {2},\n\tjournal = {Holzforschung},\n\tauthor = {Donath, S. and Militz, H. and Mai, C.},\n\tyear = {2006},\n\tpages = {210--216},\n\tfile = {hf.2006.035:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\J8PU6KCT\\\\hf.2006.035.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Creating water-repellent effects on wood by treatment with silanes.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Donath, S.; Militz, H.; and Mai, C.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Holzforschung, 60(1): 40–46. 2006.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n 
@article{donath_creating_2006,\n\ttitle = {Creating water-repellent effects on wood by treatment with silanes},\n\tvolume = {60},\n\tissn = {1437-434X},\n\tshorttitle = {Creating water-repellent effects on wood by treatment with silanes},\n\tnumber = {1},\n\tjournal = {Holzforschung},\n\tauthor = {Donath, S. and Militz, H. and Mai, C.},\n\tyear = {2006},\n\tpages = {40--46},\n\tfile = {hf.2006.008:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\PV5V365E\\\\hf.2006.008.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Dynamic MOE testing of wood: The influence of wood protecting agents and moisture content on ultrasonic pulse and resonant vibration.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Alfredsen, G.; Larnøy, E.; and Militz, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Wood Research, 51(1): 11–20. 2006.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n 
@article{alfredsen_dynamic_2006,\n\ttitle = {Dynamic {MOE} testing of wood: {The} influence of wood protecting agents and moisture content on ultrasonic pulse and resonant vibration},\n\tvolume = {51},\n\tshorttitle = {Dynamic {MOE} testing of wood: {The} influence of wood protecting agents and moisture content on ultrasonic pulse and resonant vibration},\n\tnumber = {1},\n\tjournal = {Wood Research},\n\tauthor = {Alfredsen, G. and Larnøy, E. and Militz, H.},\n\tyear = {2006},\n\tpages = {11--20},\n\tfile = {10-37-080919_WR_1_2006_02:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\Q9SHQUXK\\\\10-37-080919_WR_1_2006_02.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Evaluation of fungal infestation and decay in a simulated use class 3 situation (block test) after some years of exposure.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Gellerich, A.; Röhl, K.; Adamopoulos, S.; and Militz, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In May 2006. \n \n\n\n\n
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\n 
@inproceedings{gellerich_evaluation_2006,\n\ttitle = {Evaluation of fungal infestation and decay in a simulated use class 3 situation (block test) after some years of exposure},\n\tdoi = {IRG/WP 12-20487},\n\tabstract = {The so named “block test” was designed as part of the assessment methodology for testing the behaviour of natural and modified wood used under use class 3 (EN 335-2) conditions. The test was developed to expose the wood close to the ground to an environment with high humidity and high biological activity, but not in soil contact. The present study describes the evaluation of fungal infestation and decay of untreated samples in different blocks depending on their exposure time, positioning within the block and wood species. After 4 years outside exposure samples showed visible signs of decay. The highest rate of decay was visible in the middle layers of the block. After 7 and 8 years outside exposure, samples of all layers were infested with a similar intensity of different types of decay. The results have shown that in the bottom layer close to ground the major type of decay is white rot as well as white rot in combination with soft rot. In contrast, samples from the middle layers and top layer were infested mainly by brown and white rot but also soft rot was observed. The test setup is according the definition of use classes a method for use class 3 applications because the samples are out of ground contact. But the infestation of samples in all layers by soft rot indicated that under use class 3 test conditions but with elevated moisture conditions soft rot attack can occur and should make part of a proper test design.},\n\tauthor = {Gellerich, A. and Röhl, K. and Adamopoulos, S. and Militz, H.},\n\tmonth = may,\n\tyear = {2006},\n\tkeywords = {Durability, Block test, fungal decay, light microscopy, testing, use class 3},\n\tfile = {IRG 12-20487:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\UJSJ7237\\\\IRG 12-20487.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n The so named “block test” was designed as part of the assessment methodology for testing the behaviour of natural and modified wood used under use class 3 (EN 335-2) conditions. The test was developed to expose the wood close to the ground to an environment with high humidity and high biological activity, but not in soil contact. The present study describes the evaluation of fungal infestation and decay of untreated samples in different blocks depending on their exposure time, positioning within the block and wood species. After 4 years outside exposure samples showed visible signs of decay. The highest rate of decay was visible in the middle layers of the block. After 7 and 8 years outside exposure, samples of all layers were infested with a similar intensity of different types of decay. The results have shown that in the bottom layer close to ground the major type of decay is white rot as well as white rot in combination with soft rot. In contrast, samples from the middle layers and top layer were infested mainly by brown and white rot but also soft rot was observed. The test setup is according the definition of use classes a method for use class 3 applications because the samples are out of ground contact. But the infestation of samples in all layers by soft rot indicated that under use class 3 test conditions but with elevated moisture conditions soft rot attack can occur and should make part of a proper test design.\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Analyses of premature failure of utility poles.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Bollmus, S.; Rangno, N.; Militz, H.; and Gellerich, A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In May 2006. \n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n doi\n  \n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n  \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
\n 
@inproceedings{bollmus_analyses_2006,\n\ttitle = {Analyses of premature failure of utility poles},\n\tdoi = {IRG/WP 12-40584},\n\tabstract = {In this study a total number of 18 utility poles of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) impregnated with a copper-chromium containing preservative were investigated. They were part of different lower voltage transmission lines in the western part of Germany and failed before predicted minimum service life. All poles in this study were less than 15 years in use. The type of decay and fungi were evaluated. Furthermore the copper content of undecayed areas of the same poles was analysed. The poles were strongly decayed in the sapwood area as well as in sap- and heartwood areas. The major part of the pole sections were infested by brown rot particularly by the copper tolerant fungi Antrodia spp.. The species of fungi were determined by molecular diagnostics. The analyses of Cu content of undecayed areas of poles after utilization showed a wide range (0.7- 4.7 kg/m³). The Cu content before utilization was not known.},\n\tauthor = {Bollmus, S. and Rangno, N. and Militz, H. and Gellerich, A.},\n\tmonth = may,\n\tyear = {2006},\n\tkeywords = {Antrodia vaillantii, DNA microarray, utility poles, wood decay fungi, wood preservative},\n\tfile = {IRG 12-40584:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\QVZG5RI3\\\\IRG 12-40584.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n In this study a total number of 18 utility poles of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) impregnated with a copper-chromium containing preservative were investigated. They were part of different lower voltage transmission lines in the western part of Germany and failed before predicted minimum service life. All poles in this study were less than 15 years in use. The type of decay and fungi were evaluated. Furthermore the copper content of undecayed areas of the same poles was analysed. The poles were strongly decayed in the sapwood area as well as in sap- and heartwood areas. The major part of the pole sections were infested by brown rot particularly by the copper tolerant fungi Antrodia spp.. The species of fungi were determined by molecular diagnostics. The analyses of Cu content of undecayed areas of poles after utilization showed a wide range (0.7- 4.7 kg/m³). The Cu content before utilization was not known.\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Herstellung von Formkörpern aus feinteiligen Materialien auf Basis von Lignocellulose.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Baus, U.; Scherr, G.; Militz, H.; Krause, A.; and Wepner, F.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n 2006.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n 
@patent{baus_herstellung_2006,\n\ttitle = {Herstellung von {Formkörpern} aus feinteiligen {Materialien} auf {Basis} von {Lignocellulose}},\n\tshorttitle = {Herstellung von {Formkörpern} aus feinteiligen {Materialien} auf {Basis} von {Lignocellulose}},\n\tauthor = {Baus, U. and Scherr, G. and Militz, H. and Krause, A. and Wepner, F.},\n\tyear = {2006},\n\tfile = {EP000001858677A1:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\78BU6AAT\\\\EP000001858677A1.pdf:application/pdf;WO002006092330A1:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\NPJ3IVNN\\\\WO002006092330A1.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Novel particleboards made of cross-linked chips.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Bartholme, M.; Wepner, F.; Krause, A.; Militz, H.; and Kharazipour, A. R.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In Bledzki, A. K.; and Sperber, V. E., editor(s), pages 1–12, 2006. Institut für Werkstofftechnik - Kunststoff- und Recyclingtechnik\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
\n 
@inproceedings{bledzki_novel_2006,\n\ttitle = {Novel particleboards made of cross-linked chips.},\n\tshorttitle = {Novel particleboards made of cross-linked chips.},\n\tpublisher = {Institut für Werkstofftechnik - Kunststoff- und Recyclingtechnik},\n\tauthor = {Bartholme, M. and Wepner, F. and Krause, A. and Militz, H. and Kharazipour, A. R.},\n\teditor = {Bledzki, A. K. and Sperber, V. E.},\n\tyear = {2006},\n\tpages = {1--12},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Screening of the efficacy of tall oils against wood decaying fungi.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Alfredsen, G.; Flæte, P. O.; Temiz, A.; Eikenes, M.; and Militz, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In pages 10, June 2006. \n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n doi\n  \n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n  \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@inproceedings{alfredsen_screening_2006,\n\ttitle = {Screening of the efficacy of tall oils against wood decaying fungi},\n\tdoi = {IRG/WP 04-30354},\n\tabstract = {Tall oil is a by-product in pulping of resinous wood by the sulphate process. Tall oil contains a complex mixture of wood extractives. Some of these extractives act as natural protection against wood decaying fungi while other serve as nutrition for the fungi. This report describes a screening of the efficacy of four refined tall oils with different chemical composition on wood decaying fungi. Testing was performed as filter paper assay and mini-block assay. In the filter paper assay growth rates of the white rot fungus Coriolus versicolor and the brown rot fungus Poria placenta were inhibited by the tall oils. None of the oils caused total inhibition of the fungi but there was a clear pattern towards increased efficacy with increased portion of resin acids in the oils. Impregnated mini-blocks with approximately 200 kg/m3 retention of tall oil after leaching showed an evident effect against Coniophora puteana and Poria placenta compared to untreated control samples. However, using the criteria from EN 113 requiring less than 3\\% mass loss, tall oil failed. The results indicate that decay resistance of tall oil impregnated Scots pine sapwood to the retention level used in this study is comparable with the decay resistance of Scots pine heartwood. It was expected that the efficacy of the tall oils was related to chemical composition of the oils. This was confirmed for the filter paper assay where the efficacy increased with increasing amount of resin acids. However, this pattern was not found for the mini-block assay. The protective effect of the tall oils in wood seems therefore to be more related to their hydrophobic properties than to their fungicidal properties.},\n\tauthor = {Alfredsen, G. and Flæte, P. O. and Temiz, A. and Eikenes, M. and Militz, H.},\n\tmonth = jun,\n\tyear = {2006},\n\tkeywords = {Anti-fungal activity, Basidiomycetes, bioassays, Leaching, Scots pine sapwood, tall oil},\n\tpages = {10},\n\tfile = {IRG 04-30354:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\E972AMCW\\\\IRG 04-30354.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n Tall oil is a by-product in pulping of resinous wood by the sulphate process. Tall oil contains a complex mixture of wood extractives. Some of these extractives act as natural protection against wood decaying fungi while other serve as nutrition for the fungi. This report describes a screening of the efficacy of four refined tall oils with different chemical composition on wood decaying fungi. Testing was performed as filter paper assay and mini-block assay. In the filter paper assay growth rates of the white rot fungus Coriolus versicolor and the brown rot fungus Poria placenta were inhibited by the tall oils. None of the oils caused total inhibition of the fungi but there was a clear pattern towards increased efficacy with increased portion of resin acids in the oils. Impregnated mini-blocks with approximately 200 kg/m3 retention of tall oil after leaching showed an evident effect against Coniophora puteana and Poria placenta compared to untreated control samples. However, using the criteria from EN 113 requiring less than 3% mass loss, tall oil failed. The results indicate that decay resistance of tall oil impregnated Scots pine sapwood to the retention level used in this study is comparable with the decay resistance of Scots pine heartwood. It was expected that the efficacy of the tall oils was related to chemical composition of the oils. This was confirmed for the filter paper assay where the efficacy increased with increasing amount of resin acids. However, this pattern was not found for the mini-block assay. The protective effect of the tall oils in wood seems therefore to be more related to their hydrophobic properties than to their fungicidal properties.\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Innovative Produkte aus modifiziertem Buchenholz.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Rademacher, P.; Militz, H.; Krause, A.; and Bollmus, S.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In 2006. \n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
\n 
@inproceedings{rademacher_innovative_2006,\n\ttitle = {Innovative {Produkte} aus modifiziertem {Buchenholz}},\n\tshorttitle = {Innovative {Produkte} aus modifiziertem {Buchenholz}},\n\tauthor = {Rademacher, P. and Militz, H. and Krause, A. and Bollmus, S.},\n\tyear = {2006},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n 1. Zwischenbericht im BMBF-Vorhaben Nachhaltige Waldwirtschaft.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Rademacher, P.; Militz, H.; Albrecht, C. M.; Bollmus, S.; Hansen, J.; Krause, A.; Schwerdtfeger, L.; and Welling, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Technical Report Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, 2006.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n 
@techreport{rademacher_1._2006,\n\ttitle = {1. {Zwischenbericht} im {BMBF}-{Vorhaben} {Nachhaltige} {Waldwirtschaft}},\n\tshorttitle = {1. {Zwischenbericht} im {BMBF}-{Vorhaben} {Nachhaltige} {Waldwirtschaft}},\n\tinstitution = {Georg-August-Universität Göttingen},\n\tauthor = {Rademacher, P. and Militz, H. and Albrecht, C. M. and Bollmus, S. and Hansen, J. and Krause, A. and Schwerdtfeger, L. and Welling, H.},\n\tyear = {2006},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Screening of properties of modified chitosan-treated wood.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Larnøy, E.; Dantz, S.; Eikenes, M.; and Militz, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Wood Material Science and Engineering, 1(2): 59–68. 2006.\n \n\n\n\n
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@article{larnoy_screening_2006,\n\ttitle = {Screening of properties of modified chitosan-treated wood},\n\tvolume = {1},\n\tissn = {1748-0272},\n\tshorttitle = {Screening of properties of modified chitosan-treated wood},\n\tnumber = {2},\n\tjournal = {Wood Material Science and Engineering},\n\tauthor = {Larnøy, E. and Dantz, S. and Eikenes, M. and Militz, H.},\n\tyear = {2006},\n\tpages = {59--68},\n\tfile = {17480270600861118:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\VZ9VV5KA\\\\17480270600861118.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Schutzmittel für lignocellulosisches Material auf Basis von Fettsäure- und Paraffinderivaten.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Militz, H.; Mai, C.; and Hong, N. M.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n 2006.\n \n\n\n\n
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@patent{militz_schutzmittel_2006,\n\ttitle = {Schutzmittel für lignocellulosisches {Material} auf {Basis} von {Fettsäure}- und {Paraffinderivaten}},\n\tshorttitle = {Schutzmittel für lignocellulosisches {Material} auf {Basis} von {Fettsäure}- und {Paraffinderivaten}},\n\tauthor = {Militz, H. and Mai, C. and Hong, N. M.},\n\tyear = {2006},\n\tfile = {EP000001716995A2:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\PM48BQ2W\\\\EP000001716995A2.pdf:application/pdf;EP000001716995A3:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\P289CPGZ\\\\EP000001716995A3.pdf:application/pdf;EP000001716995B1:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\5EZUV8CC\\\\EP000001716995B1.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Vergütung von Laubholz.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Militz, H.; and Krause, A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In 2006. \n \n\n\n\n
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@inproceedings{militz_vergutung_2006,\n\ttitle = {Vergütung von {Laubholz}},\n\tshorttitle = {Vergütung von {Laubholz}},\n\tauthor = {Militz, H. and Krause, A.},\n\tyear = {2006},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Wiederverwertbare Messelektrode für Holzfeuchtemessung auf Widerstandsbasis.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Militz, H.; and Bringemeier, B.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n 2006.\n \n\n\n\n
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@patent{militz_wiederverwertbare_2006,\n\ttitle = {Wiederverwertbare {Messelektrode} für {Holzfeuchtemessung} auf {Widerstandsbasis}},\n\tshorttitle = {Wiederverwertbare {Messelektrode} für {Holzfeuchtemessung} auf {Widerstandsbasis}},\n\tauthor = {Militz, H. and Bringemeier, B.},\n\tyear = {2006},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Aspekte des Holzschutzes bei der Industrie und im Wohnungsbau. Neuartige Verfahren der Holzmodifizierung.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Militz, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In 2006. \n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@inproceedings{militz_aspekte_2006,\n\ttitle = {Aspekte des {Holzschutzes} bei der {Industrie} und im {Wohnungsbau}. {Neuartige} {Verfahren} der {Holzmodifizierung}},\n\tshorttitle = {Aspekte des {Holzschutzes} bei der {Industrie} und im {Wohnungsbau}. {Neuartige} {Verfahren} der {Holzmodifizierung}},\n\tauthor = {Militz, H.},\n\tyear = {2006},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n The influence of the location of a wood defect on the modulus of elasticity determination in wood durability testing.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Machek, L.; and Militz, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In pages 12, June 2006. \n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n doi\n  \n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n  \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@inproceedings{machek_influence_2006,\n\ttitle = {The influence of the location of a wood defect on the modulus of elasticity determination in wood durability testing},\n\tdoi = {IRG/WP 04-20287},\n\tabstract = {This study investigates the influence of the location of a wood failure in stakes upon elastic changes observed in beech specimens with the resonance vibration technique. Natural failures were simulated by artificially created defects at different locations of the test stake. The results indicate that the location of an attack in a stake is important for the measurement outcome. When the attack is located at far ends of a stake, the detected faults are underestimated. Higher losses of modulus of elasticity were recorded with notches in comparison to bore hole defects. The non-destructive vibration approach (dynamic MOE) applied in durability testing offers advantages compared to conventional static techniques.},\n\tauthor = {Machek, L. and Militz, H.},\n\tmonth = jun,\n\tyear = {2006},\n\tkeywords = {MOE, beech, defects, Durability testing, modulus of elasticity, resonance vibration},\n\tpages = {12},\n\tfile = {IRG 04-20287:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\CTSSNP7M\\\\IRG 04-20287.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n This study investigates the influence of the location of a wood failure in stakes upon elastic changes observed in beech specimens with the resonance vibration technique. Natural failures were simulated by artificially created defects at different locations of the test stake. The results indicate that the location of an attack in a stake is important for the measurement outcome. When the attack is located at far ends of a stake, the detected faults are underestimated. Higher losses of modulus of elasticity were recorded with notches in comparison to bore hole defects. The non-destructive vibration approach (dynamic MOE) applied in durability testing offers advantages compared to conventional static techniques.\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Chemical reaction of alkoxysilane molecules in wood modified with silanol groups.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Tingaut, P.; Weigenand, O.; Mai, C.; Militz, H.; and Sèbe, G.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Holzforschung, 60(3): 271–277. 2006.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
\n 
@article{tingaut_chemical_2006,\n\ttitle = {Chemical reaction of alkoxysilane molecules in wood modified with silanol groups},\n\tvolume = {60},\n\tissn = {1437-434X},\n\tshorttitle = {Chemical reaction of alkoxysilane molecules in wood modified with silanol groups},\n\tnumber = {3},\n\tjournal = {Holzforschung},\n\tauthor = {Tingaut, P. and Weigenand, O. and Mai, C. and Militz, H. and Sèbe, G.},\n\tyear = {2006},\n\tpages = {271--277},\n\tfile = {hf.2006.044:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\ZZCX23JR\\\\hf.2006.044.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Screening of modified linseed oils on their applicability in wood protection.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Treu, A.; Lückers, J.; and Militz, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In pages 17, June 2006. \n \n\n\n\n
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@inproceedings{treu_screening_2006,\n\ttitle = {Screening of modified linseed oils on their applicability in wood protection},\n\tdoi = {IRG/WP 04-30346},\n\tauthor = {Treu, A. and Lückers, J. and Militz, H.},\n\tmonth = jun,\n\tyear = {2006},\n\tpages = {17},\n\tfile = {IRG 04-30346:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\7UXXKDVV\\\\IRG 04-30346.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Evaluation of outdoor weathering performance of modified wood.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Schulte, Y.; Donath, S.; Krause, A.; and Militz, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In pages 13, June 2006. \n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n doi\n  \n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n  \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@inproceedings{schulte_evaluation_2006,\n\ttitle = {Evaluation of outdoor weathering performance of modified wood},\n\tdoi = {IRG/WP 04-20296},\n\tabstract = {Interlace treated, oil treated, silicon treated as well as untreated Scots pine samples have been exposed outdoors. For evaluating the samples on their long term performance an internal standard had been developed. Parameters to be determined were the uptake of liquid water (submersion test), weight variation during exposure, crack performance, surface roughness and colour change. This paper discusses the evaluation of the weathering test by the weight variation and the submersion test. The submersion test showed practicable results for describing the long term stability of the treatments. Weight variations measured monthly showed reduced moisture change for all treated samples compared to their untreated controls.},\n\tauthor = {Schulte, Y. and Donath, S. and Krause, A. and Militz, H.},\n\tmonth = jun,\n\tyear = {2006},\n\tkeywords = {interlace treatment, oil treatment, Outdoor exposure, silicon treatment, submersion test},\n\tpages = {13},\n\tfile = {IRG 04-20296:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\XD283ZXF\\\\IRG 04-20296.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n Interlace treated, oil treated, silicon treated as well as untreated Scots pine samples have been exposed outdoors. For evaluating the samples on their long term performance an internal standard had been developed. Parameters to be determined were the uptake of liquid water (submersion test), weight variation during exposure, crack performance, surface roughness and colour change. This paper discusses the evaluation of the weathering test by the weight variation and the submersion test. The submersion test showed practicable results for describing the long term stability of the treatments. Weight variations measured monthly showed reduced moisture change for all treated samples compared to their untreated controls.\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Determination of moisture content of resin modified wood.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Joscák, T.; Krause, A.; Treu, A.; and Militz, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Wood Research, 51(4): 37–46. 2006.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
\n 
@article{joscak_determination_2006,\n\ttitle = {Determination of moisture content of resin modified wood},\n\tvolume = {51},\n\tshorttitle = {Determination of moisture content of resin modified wood},\n\tnumber = {4},\n\tjournal = {Wood Research},\n\tauthor = {Joscák, T. and Krause, A. and Treu, A. and Militz, H.},\n\tyear = {2006},\n\tpages = {37--46},\n\tfile = {10-40-084805_WR_4_2006_04:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\QKD9XRP8\\\\10-40-084805_WR_4_2006_04.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Coating performance of finishes on wood modified with an N-methylol compound.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Xie, Y.; Krause, A.; Militz, H.; and Mai, C.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Progress in organic coatings, 57(4): 291–300. 2006.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
\n 
@article{xie_coating_2006,\n\ttitle = {Coating performance of finishes on wood modified with an {N}-methylol compound},\n\tvolume = {57},\n\tissn = {0300-9440},\n\tshorttitle = {Coating performance of finishes on wood modified with an {N}-methylol compound},\n\tnumber = {4},\n\tjournal = {Progress in organic coatings},\n\tauthor = {Xie, Y. and Krause, A. and Militz, H. and Mai, C.},\n\tyear = {2006},\n\tpages = {291--300},\n\tfile = {Xie et al. - 2006 - Coating performance of finishes on wood modified w.pdf:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\VLZ9TEAU\\\\Xie et al. - 2006 - Coating performance of finishes on wood modified w.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Effect on coating performance of chemical modification of wood substrates with cyclic N-Methylol compounds.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Xie, Y.; Krause, A.; Militz, H.; and Mai, C.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In pages 3–11, 2006. \n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
\n 
@inproceedings{xie_effect_2006,\n\ttitle = {Effect on coating performance of chemical modification of wood substrates with cyclic {N}-{Methylol} compounds},\n\tshorttitle = {Effect on coating performance of chemical modification of wood substrates with cyclic {N}-{Methylol} compounds},\n\tauthor = {Xie, Y. and Krause, A. and Militz, H. and Mai, C.},\n\tyear = {2006},\n\tpages = {3--11},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Weathering Resistance of N-methylol-treated Plywood Panels.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Wepner, F.; Krause, A.; and Militz, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In pages 305–314, 2006. \n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
\n 
@inproceedings{wepner_weathering_2006,\n\ttitle = {Weathering {Resistance} of {N}-methylol-treated {Plywood} {Panels}},\n\tshorttitle = {Weathering {Resistance} of {N}-methylol-treated {Plywood} {Panels}},\n\tauthor = {Wepner, F. and Krause, A. and Militz, H.},\n\tyear = {2006},\n\tpages = {305--314},\n\tfile = {2nd Intl Veneer Proceedings_May 2006:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\CBR476WA\\\\2nd Intl Veneer Proceedings_May 2006.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Formstabile und dauerhafte Holzwerkstoffe durch Holzmodifizierung.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Wepner, F.; Bartholme, M.; and Militz, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In pages 27–33, 2006. \n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
\n 
@inproceedings{wepner_formstabile_2006,\n\ttitle = {Formstabile und dauerhafte {Holzwerkstoffe} durch {Holzmodifizierung}},\n\tshorttitle = {Formstabile und dauerhafte {Holzwerkstoffe} durch {Holzmodifizierung}},\n\tauthor = {Wepner, F. and Bartholme, M. and Militz, H.},\n\tyear = {2006},\n\tpages = {27--33},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Moisture correction for ultrasonic MOE measurements above fibre saturation point in Scots pine sapwood.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Larnøy, E.; Alfredsen, G.; and Militz, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In pages 9, Johannesburg, South Africa, June 2006. \n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n doi\n  \n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n  \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
\n 
@inproceedings{larnoy_moisture_2006,\n\taddress = {Johannesburg, South Africa},\n\ttitle = {Moisture correction for ultrasonic {MOE} measurements above fibre saturation point in {Scots} pine sapwood},\n\tdoi = {IRG/WP 06-20333},\n\tabstract = {There is a high correlation between methods for dynamic modulus of elasticity (MOEdyn) and static modulus of elasticity (MOEstat). MOEdyn methods have been found sensitive to detect early stages of decay and may be seen as an option for non-destructive wood durability testing. As the MOEstat measurements do not change after reaching the fibre saturation point, the uncorrected MOEdyn data from ultrasonic pulse excitation method provides increasing values after fibre saturation. This is due to the effect of free water in the cell lumen on ultrasonic waves. The aim of this study was to make a moisture calibration for the MOEdyn ultrasonic pulse excitation method using Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) sapwood samples. MOE was measured at five different moisture levels. Three different MOE test methods were used: MOEdyn using ultrasound and vibration excitation and the traditional MOEstat. Sound Scots pine sapwood samples treated with two copper-containing wood preservatives and two chitosan solutions were evaluated, using untreated sapwood samples as control. In this study a correction value ("k") was calculated based on data from different moisture levels for water saturated samples using four different wood treatments and control. By measuring MOEdyn ultrasonic at wood moisture contents just below fibre saturation point, a minor effect of incipient water accumulation in the wood matrix was detected. Wood treatments influence the "k" value, and a "k" value needs to be calculated for all wood treatments when measuring MOEdyn ultrasound above fibre saturation. All the three MOE test methods in this study are applicable for all wood moisture levels as long as a "k" value is calculated for MOEdyn ultrasound above fibre saturation.},\n\tauthor = {Larnøy, E. and Alfredsen, G. and Militz, H.},\n\tmonth = jun,\n\tyear = {2006},\n\tkeywords = {Scots pine sapwood, moisture content, dynamic MOE, resonant vibration excitation, static MOE, ultrasonic pulse excitation, wood preservation agents},\n\tpages = {9},\n\tfile = {IRG 06-20333:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\54R8QRQA\\\\IRG 06-20333.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n There is a high correlation between methods for dynamic modulus of elasticity (MOEdyn) and static modulus of elasticity (MOEstat). MOEdyn methods have been found sensitive to detect early stages of decay and may be seen as an option for non-destructive wood durability testing. As the MOEstat measurements do not change after reaching the fibre saturation point, the uncorrected MOEdyn data from ultrasonic pulse excitation method provides increasing values after fibre saturation. This is due to the effect of free water in the cell lumen on ultrasonic waves. The aim of this study was to make a moisture calibration for the MOEdyn ultrasonic pulse excitation method using Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) sapwood samples. MOE was measured at five different moisture levels. Three different MOE test methods were used: MOEdyn using ultrasound and vibration excitation and the traditional MOEstat. Sound Scots pine sapwood samples treated with two copper-containing wood preservatives and two chitosan solutions were evaluated, using untreated sapwood samples as control. In this study a correction value (\"k\") was calculated based on data from different moisture levels for water saturated samples using four different wood treatments and control. By measuring MOEdyn ultrasonic at wood moisture contents just below fibre saturation point, a minor effect of incipient water accumulation in the wood matrix was detected. Wood treatments influence the \"k\" value, and a \"k\" value needs to be calculated for all wood treatments when measuring MOEdyn ultrasound above fibre saturation. All the three MOE test methods in this study are applicable for all wood moisture levels as long as a \"k\" value is calculated for MOEdyn ultrasound above fibre saturation.\n
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\n  \n 2005\n \n \n (34)\n \n \n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Chitosan for wood protection - state of the art.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Eikenes, M.; Alfredsen, G.; Larnøy, E.; Militz, H.; Kreber, B.; and Chittenden, C.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In pages 18, April 2005. \n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n doi\n  \n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n  \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@inproceedings{eikenes_chitosan_2005,\n\ttitle = {Chitosan for wood protection - state of the art},\n\tdoi = {IRG/WP 05-30378},\n\tabstract = {The aim of this paper was to give a state of the art description of chitosan as a wood protecting agent. Chitosan is a metal free natural compound derived from crustacean shells and is under evaluation as an environmentally benign wood protecting agent. Information from journals states that chitosan may act both fungistatically and at higher concentrations, as fungitoxic, but the mode of action is not yet fully understood. The hypothesis with most support in the literature is that chitosan interacts with the cell membrane and causes alterations in permeability. It is not proven that chitosan is more effective against a particular class of fungi, but morphological changes and reduction in growth rate is reported from a range of fungi. Results from agar plate growth rate tests are not conclusive with respect to whether high or low molecular weights are most effective against micro-organisms. Other factors than the molecular weights may influence microbial activity of the species studied, i.e. FA, pH, and internal distribution of the monomers, concentration and additives. In results available in the literature it is obvious that there is a dose-response relationship between chitosan and antimicrobial activity. In agar plates a lethal/totally inhibiting concentration is usually between 0.1 and 1 \\%. Chitosans in solution are more effective against antimicrobial growth than chitosans in suspension (i.e. solid chitosan particles). This is further reflected in that higher concentrations of chitosan are needed in wood than in agar amended plates. If the treated wood is subjected to leaching, around 5 \\% (w/v) chitosan solutions seems to be needed for good efficacy against fungal decay. Some tests where chitosan fails in decay tests are probably because of the use of to low concentrations, or to low penetration of chitosan solution due to high molecular weight.},\n\tauthor = {Eikenes, M. and Alfredsen, G. and Larnøy, E. and Militz, H. and Kreber, B. and Chittenden, C.},\n\tmonth = apr,\n\tyear = {2005},\n\tkeywords = {mode of action, Durability, chitosan, concentration, decay, degree of acetylation, molecular weight, pH},\n\tpages = {18},\n\tfile = {IRG 05-30378:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\IB6TAE5H\\\\IRG 05-30378.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n The aim of this paper was to give a state of the art description of chitosan as a wood protecting agent. Chitosan is a metal free natural compound derived from crustacean shells and is under evaluation as an environmentally benign wood protecting agent. Information from journals states that chitosan may act both fungistatically and at higher concentrations, as fungitoxic, but the mode of action is not yet fully understood. The hypothesis with most support in the literature is that chitosan interacts with the cell membrane and causes alterations in permeability. It is not proven that chitosan is more effective against a particular class of fungi, but morphological changes and reduction in growth rate is reported from a range of fungi. Results from agar plate growth rate tests are not conclusive with respect to whether high or low molecular weights are most effective against micro-organisms. Other factors than the molecular weights may influence microbial activity of the species studied, i.e. FA, pH, and internal distribution of the monomers, concentration and additives. In results available in the literature it is obvious that there is a dose-response relationship between chitosan and antimicrobial activity. In agar plates a lethal/totally inhibiting concentration is usually between 0.1 and 1 %. Chitosans in solution are more effective against antimicrobial growth than chitosans in suspension (i.e. solid chitosan particles). This is further reflected in that higher concentrations of chitosan are needed in wood than in agar amended plates. If the treated wood is subjected to leaching, around 5 % (w/v) chitosan solutions seems to be needed for good efficacy against fungal decay. Some tests where chitosan fails in decay tests are probably because of the use of to low concentrations, or to low penetration of chitosan solution due to high molecular weight.\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Solution stability and Mechanical properties of Chitosan treated Pine.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Larnøy, E.; Eikenes, M.; and Militz, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In pages 15, April 2005. \n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n doi\n  \n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n  \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@inproceedings{larnoy_solution_2005,\n\ttitle = {Solution stability and {Mechanical} properties of {Chitosan} treated {Pine}},\n\tdoi = {IRG/WP 05-30377},\n\tabstract = {During the last years the research on chitosan as a wood preservative has been enhanced. Up to now, most of the research has been applied to the anti-fungal properties of chitosan, and no research was conducted on the solution stability of chitosan solutions in repeated trials by impregnation of wood, or on the mechanical properties of chitosan-treated wood. In this paper, the stability of high- and low-molecular weight chitosan solutions (2,4\\% (w/v) concentration) was investigated in 15 repeated impregnation cycles using pine (Pinus sylvestris) samples. Changes in the following parameters of the treatment solution were examined: uptake of chitosan, viscosity, pH, molecular weight and concentration. In addition, the following mechanical properties of chitosan-treated pine were determined using a paired experimental design: modulus of elasticity (MOE), static bending, impact bending strength, static hardness, shear strength, tensile strength, compression strength and adhesion of paint to wood. Overall, an average chitosan uptake by the pine samples in the order of 15 to 16 kg/m³ was obtained. In the trials for determination of solution stability, the uptake, viscosity and concentration remained unchanged. However, the pH of the solutions increased, and the average chitosan molecular weight decreased, with the high molecular weight chitosan displaying larger changes than low molecular weight chitosan. No significant changes in the mechanical properties of pine treated with high-and low molecular weight chitosan (2,4\\% (w/v) concentration) were determined as compared to untreated wood samples.},\n\tauthor = {Larnøy, E. and Eikenes, M. and Militz, H.},\n\tmonth = apr,\n\tyear = {2005},\n\tkeywords = {mechanical properties, chitosan, paint adhesive ability, solution stability},\n\tpages = {15},\n\tfile = {IRG 05-30377:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\7EWS8XGS\\\\IRG 05-30377.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n During the last years the research on chitosan as a wood preservative has been enhanced. Up to now, most of the research has been applied to the anti-fungal properties of chitosan, and no research was conducted on the solution stability of chitosan solutions in repeated trials by impregnation of wood, or on the mechanical properties of chitosan-treated wood. In this paper, the stability of high- and low-molecular weight chitosan solutions (2,4% (w/v) concentration) was investigated in 15 repeated impregnation cycles using pine (Pinus sylvestris) samples. Changes in the following parameters of the treatment solution were examined: uptake of chitosan, viscosity, pH, molecular weight and concentration. In addition, the following mechanical properties of chitosan-treated pine were determined using a paired experimental design: modulus of elasticity (MOE), static bending, impact bending strength, static hardness, shear strength, tensile strength, compression strength and adhesion of paint to wood. Overall, an average chitosan uptake by the pine samples in the order of 15 to 16 kg/m³ was obtained. In the trials for determination of solution stability, the uptake, viscosity and concentration remained unchanged. However, the pH of the solutions increased, and the average chitosan molecular weight decreased, with the high molecular weight chitosan displaying larger changes than low molecular weight chitosan. No significant changes in the mechanical properties of pine treated with high-and low molecular weight chitosan (2,4% (w/v) concentration) were determined as compared to untreated wood samples.\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Fenster und Fassaden aus modifizierten Hölzern - Projektergebnisse und weitere Schritte zur Umsetzung.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Schwarz, B.; Schmid, J.; and Militz, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In Beiträge der 24. Holzschutz-Tagung der DGfH, pages 179–189, Leipzig, Germany, April 2005. Deutsche Gesellschaft für Holzforschung (DGfH)\n \n\n\n\n
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@inproceedings{schwarz_fenster_2005,\n\taddress = {Leipzig, Germany},\n\ttitle = {Fenster und {Fassaden} aus modifizierten {Hölzern} - {Projektergebnisse} und weitere {Schritte} zur {Umsetzung}},\n\tshorttitle = {Fenster und {Fassaden} aus modifizierten {Hölzern} - {Projektergebnisse} und weitere {Schritte} zur {Umsetzung}},\n\tbooktitle = {Beiträge der 24. {Holzschutz}-{Tagung} der {DGfH}},\n\tpublisher = {Deutsche Gesellschaft für Holzforschung (DGfH)},\n\tauthor = {Schwarz, B. and Schmid, J. and Militz, H.},\n\tmonth = apr,\n\tyear = {2005},\n\tpages = {179--189},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Besonderheiten bei der biologischen Prüfung einiger modifizierter Hölzer - Probleme durch unterschiedliche Abbau- und Schutzprinzipien.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Junga, U.; and Militz, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In Beiträge der 24. Holzschutz-Tagung der DGfH, pages 139–148, Leipzig, Germany, April 2005. Deutsche Gesellschaft für Holzforschung (DGfH)\n \n\n\n\n
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@inproceedings{junga_besonderheiten_2005,\n\taddress = {Leipzig, Germany},\n\ttitle = {Besonderheiten bei der biologischen {Prüfung} einiger modifizierter {Hölzer} - {Probleme} durch unterschiedliche {Abbau}- und {Schutzprinzipien}},\n\tshorttitle = {Besonderheiten bei der biologischen {Prüfung} einiger modifizierter {Hölzer} - {Probleme} durch unterschiedliche {Abbau}- und {Schutzprinzipien}},\n\tbooktitle = {Beiträge der 24. {Holzschutz}-{Tagung} der {DGfH}},\n\tpublisher = {Deutsche Gesellschaft für Holzforschung (DGfH)},\n\tauthor = {Junga, U. and Militz, H.},\n\tmonth = apr,\n\tyear = {2005},\n\tpages = {139--148},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Chitosan als Holzschutzmittel: Ein Naturstoff aus Bioabfällen.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Militz, H.; Larnøy, E.; Eikenes, M.; and Alfredsen, G.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In Sicherung von Produktqualität und -leistung, pages 149–156, Leipzig, Germany, April 2005. Deutsche Gesellschaft für Holzforschung (DGfH)\n \n\n\n\n
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@inproceedings{militz_chitosan_2005,\n\taddress = {Leipzig, Germany},\n\ttitle = {Chitosan als {Holzschutzmittel}: {Ein} {Naturstoff} aus {Bioabfällen}},\n\tshorttitle = {Chitosan als {Holzschutzmittel}: {Ein} {Naturstoff} aus {Bioabfällen}},\n\tbooktitle = {Sicherung von {Produktqualität} und -leistung},\n\tpublisher = {Deutsche Gesellschaft für Holzforschung (DGfH)},\n\tauthor = {Militz, H. and Larnøy, E. and Eikenes, M. and Alfredsen, G.},\n\tmonth = apr,\n\tyear = {2005},\n\tpages = {149--156},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Properties of Modified Wood Coated with Different Stains.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Krause, A.; and Militz, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In Militz, H.; and Hill, C. A. S., editor(s), pages 289–294, 2005. \n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@inproceedings{militz_properties_2005,\n\ttitle = {Properties of {Modified} {Wood} {Coated} with {Different} {Stains}},\n\tshorttitle = {Properties of {Modified} {Wood} {Coated} with {Different} {Stains}},\n\tauthor = {Krause, A. and Militz, H.},\n\teditor = {Militz, H. and Hill, C. A. S.},\n\tyear = {2005},\n\tpages = {289--294},\n\tfile = {ecwm2005:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\UZMRT39E\\\\ecwm2005.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Herstellung modifizierter Lignocellulosematerialien.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Kingma, A. J.; Weingart, F.; Schaffert, S.; Militz, H.; Krause, A.; and Wepner, F.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n 2005.\n \n\n\n\n
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@patent{kingma_herstellung_2005,\n\taddress = {Germany},\n\ttitle = {Herstellung modifizierter {Lignocellulosematerialien}},\n\tshorttitle = {Herstellung modifizierter {Lignocellulosematerialien}},\n\tauthor = {Kingma, A. J. and Weingart, F. and Schaffert, S. and Militz, H. and Krause, A. and Wepner, F.},\n\tyear = {2005},\n\tfile = {DE102005047362A1_1:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\EGF9GAWJ\\\\DE102005047362A1_1.pdf:application/pdf;DE102005047362A8_1:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\II38ZV3X\\\\DE102005047362A8_1.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Verwendung von modifizierten Holzwerkmaterialien zur Herstellung von Gegenständen.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Kingma, A. J.; Weingart, F.; Schaffert, S.; Jüttner, O.; Militz, H.; Krause, A.; and Wepner, F.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n 2005.\n \n\n\n\n
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@patent{kingma_verwendung_2005,\n\taddress = {Germany},\n\ttitle = {Verwendung von modifizierten {Holzwerkmaterialien} zur {Herstellung} von {Gegenständen}},\n\tshorttitle = {Verwendung von modifizierten {Holzwerkmaterialien} zur {Herstellung} von {Gegenständen}},\n\tauthor = {Kingma, A. J. and Weingart, F. and Schaffert, S. and Jüttner, O. and Militz, H. and Krause, A. and Wepner, F.},\n\tyear = {2005},\n\tfile = {DE102005045533A1_1:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\DAZEFKZ8\\\\DE102005045533A1_1.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Entwicklung neuer Verfahren für den Fensterbau.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Militz, H.; and Meyer, U.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In 2005. \n \n\n\n\n
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@inproceedings{militz_entwicklung_2005,\n\ttitle = {Entwicklung neuer {Verfahren} für den {Fensterbau}},\n\tshorttitle = {Entwicklung neuer {Verfahren} für den {Fensterbau}},\n\tauthor = {Militz, H. and Meyer, U.},\n\tyear = {2005},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Formaldehydarmes Lignocellulosematerial und Verfahren zu dessen Herstellung.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Kingma, A. J.; Weingart, F.; Schaffert, S.; Militz, H.; Krause, A.; and Wepner, F.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n 2005.\n \n\n\n\n
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@patent{kingma_formaldehydarmes_2005,\n\taddress = {Germany},\n\ttitle = {Formaldehydarmes {Lignocellulosematerial} und {Verfahren} zu dessen {Herstellung}},\n\tshorttitle = {Formaldehydarmes {Lignocellulosematerial} und {Verfahren} zu dessen {Herstellung}},\n\tauthor = {Kingma, A. J. and Weingart, F. and Schaffert, S. and Militz, H. and Krause, A. and Wepner, F.},\n\tyear = {2005},\n\tfile = {DE102005047363A1_1:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\5QDXNGU4\\\\DE102005047363A1_1.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Verfahren zur Herstellung von Holzwerkstoffen.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Kingma, A. J.; Weingart, F.; Militz, H.; Wepner, F.; and Krause, A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n 2005.\n \n\n\n\n
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@patent{kingma_verfahren_2005,\n\taddress = {Germany},\n\ttitle = {Verfahren zur {Herstellung} von {Holzwerkstoffen}},\n\tshorttitle = {Verfahren zur {Herstellung} von {Holzwerkstoffen}},\n\tauthor = {Kingma, A. J. and Weingart, F. and Militz, H. and Wepner, F. and Krause, A.},\n\tyear = {2005},\n\tfile = {DE102005010041A1_1:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\D9V9BPP7\\\\DE102005010041A1_1.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Verfahren zur Herstellung modifizierter Furnierwerkstoffe.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Kingma, A. J.; Weingart, F.; Militz, H.; Wepner, F.; and Krause, A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n 2005.\n \n\n\n\n
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@patent{kingma_verfahren_2005-1,\n\taddress = {Germany},\n\ttitle = {Verfahren zur {Herstellung} modifizierter {Furnierwerkstoffe}},\n\tshorttitle = {Verfahren zur {Herstellung} modifizierter {Furnierwerkstoffe}},\n\tauthor = {Kingma, A. J. and Weingart, F. and Militz, H. and Wepner, F. and Krause, A.},\n\tyear = {2005},\n\tfile = {DE102005061998A1_1:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\8U3A2V9S\\\\DE102005061998A1_1.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Particularities in agar block tests of some modified woods caused by different protection and decay principles.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Junga, U.; and Militz, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In Militz, H.; and Hill, C. A. S., editor(s), pages 354–362, 2005. \n \n\n\n\n
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@inproceedings{militz_particularities_2005,\n\ttitle = {Particularities in agar block tests of some modified woods caused by different protection and decay principles},\n\tshorttitle = {Particularities in agar block tests of some modified woods caused by different protection and decay principles},\n\tauthor = {Junga, U. and Militz, H.},\n\teditor = {Militz, H. and Hill, C. A. S.},\n\tyear = {2005},\n\tpages = {354--362},\n\tfile = {ecwm2005:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\DJ9EABDV\\\\ecwm2005.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Comparison of chitosans with different molecular weights as possible wood preservatives.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Eikenes, M.; Alfredsen, G.; Christensen, B. E.; Militz, H.; and Solheim, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Journal of Wood Science, 51(4): 387–394. 2005.\n \n\n\n\n
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@article{eikenes_comparison_2005,\n\ttitle = {Comparison of chitosans with different molecular weights as possible wood preservatives},\n\tvolume = {51},\n\tissn = {1435-0211},\n\tshorttitle = {Comparison of chitosans with different molecular weights as possible wood preservatives},\n\tnumber = {4},\n\tjournal = {Journal of Wood Science},\n\tauthor = {Eikenes, M. and Alfredsen, G. and Christensen, B. E. and Militz, H. and Solheim, H.},\n\tyear = {2005},\n\tpages = {387--394},\n\tfile = {art%3A10.1007%2Fs10086-004-0659-6:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\GEG5XAW5\\\\art%3A10.1007%2Fs10086-004-0659-6.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Water sorption properties of thermo-modified wood.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Chirkova, J.; Andersons, B.; Andersone, I.; Militz, H.; and Hill, C. A. S.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In Militz, H.; and Hill, C. A. S., editor(s), pages 65–69, 2005. \n \n\n\n\n
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@inproceedings{militz_water_2005,\n\ttitle = {Water sorption properties of thermo-modified wood},\n\tshorttitle = {Water sorption properties of thermo-modified wood},\n\tauthor = {Chirkova, J. and Andersons, B. and Andersone, I. and Militz, H. and Hill, C. A. S.},\n\teditor = {Militz, H. and Hill, C. A. S.},\n\tyear = {2005},\n\tpages = {65--69},\n\tfile = {ecwm2005:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\ACQHD4DC\\\\ecwm2005.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Im (Holz-) Kern verändert.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Militz, H.; and Mai, C.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Georgia Augusta, 4: 128–135. 2005.\n \n\n\n\n
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@article{militz_im_2005,\n\ttitle = {Im ({Holz}-) {Kern} verändert},\n\tvolume = {4},\n\tshorttitle = {Im ({Holz}-) {Kern} verändert},\n\tjournal = {Georgia Augusta},\n\tauthor = {Militz, H. and Mai, C.},\n\tyear = {2005},\n\tpages = {128--135},\n\tfile = {militz:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\DA8334TG\\\\militz.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Durability Properties of Rubber and Paulownia Wood Treated by Hydrophobation Agents.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Minh, N. H.; Mai, C.; Hung, N. M.; Khanh, N.; and Militz, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In Militz, H.; and Hill, C. A. S., editor(s), pages 309–313, 2005. \n \n\n\n\n
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@inproceedings{militz_durability_2005,\n\ttitle = {Durability {Properties} of {Rubber} and {Paulownia} {Wood} {Treated} by {Hydrophobation} {Agents}},\n\tshorttitle = {Durability {Properties} of {Rubber} and {Paulownia} {Wood} {Treated} by {Hydrophobation} {Agents}},\n\tauthor = {Minh, N. H. and Mai, C. and Hung, N. M. and Khanh, N. and Militz, H.},\n\teditor = {Militz, H. and Hill, C. A. S.},\n\tyear = {2005},\n\tpages = {309--313},\n\tfile = {ecwm2005:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\HKKDJP2Q\\\\ecwm2005.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Holzartikel.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Militz, H.; and Treu, A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n 2005.\n \n\n\n\n
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@patent{militz_holzartikel_2005,\n\ttitle = {Holzartikel},\n\tshorttitle = {Holzartikel},\n\tauthor = {Militz, H. and Treu, A.},\n\tyear = {2005},\n\tfile = {DE102005059207A1_1:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\JQ83KBDS\\\\DE102005059207A1_1.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Geeignete Beschichtungssysteme für dimensionsstabilisierte Hölzer.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Militz, H.; Meyer, U.; and Krause, A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In 2005. \n \n\n\n\n
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@inproceedings{militz_geeignete_2005,\n\ttitle = {Geeignete {Beschichtungssysteme} für dimensionsstabilisierte {Hölzer}},\n\tshorttitle = {Geeignete {Beschichtungssysteme} für dimensionsstabilisierte {Hölzer}},\n\tauthor = {Militz, H. and Meyer, U. and Krause, A.},\n\tyear = {2005},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Modification: Processes, Properties and Commercialisation.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Militz, H.; and Hill, C. A. S.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In Militz, H.; and Hill, C. A. S., editor(s), pages 1–403, 2005. \n \n\n\n\n
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@inproceedings{militz_modification:_2005,\n\ttitle = {Modification: {Processes}, {Properties} and {Commercialisation}},\n\tshorttitle = {Modification: {Processes}, {Properties} and {Commercialisation}},\n\tauthor = {Militz, H. and Hill, C. A. S.},\n\teditor = {Militz, H. and Hill, C. A. S.},\n\tyear = {2005},\n\tpages = {1--403},\n\tfile = {ecwm2005:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\3EEGNZE4\\\\ecwm2005.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Aspects of Wood Modification with Silicon Compounds: Material Properties and Process Development.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Mai, C.; Donath, S.; Weigenand, O.; and Militz, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In Militz, H.; and Hill, C. A. S., editor(s), pages 222–231, 2005. \n \n\n\n\n
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@inproceedings{militz_aspects_2005,\n\ttitle = {Aspects of {Wood} {Modification} with {Silicon} {Compounds}: {Material} {Properties} and {Process} {Development}},\n\tshorttitle = {Aspects of {Wood} {Modification} with {Silicon} {Compounds}: {Material} {Properties} and {Process} {Development}},\n\tauthor = {Mai, C. and Donath, S. and Weigenand, O. and Militz, H.},\n\teditor = {Militz, H. and Hill, C. A. S.},\n\tyear = {2005},\n\tpages = {222--231},\n\tfile = {ecwm2005:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\XP378PKS\\\\ecwm2005.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Screening of Properties of Modified Chitosan-treated Wood.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Larnøy, E.; Dantz, S.; Eikenes, M.; and Militz, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In Militz, H.; and Hill, C. A. S., editor(s), pages 263–169, 2005. \n \n\n\n\n
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@inproceedings{militz_screening_2005,\n\ttitle = {Screening of {Properties} of {Modified} {Chitosan}-treated {Wood}},\n\tshorttitle = {Screening of {Properties} of {Modified} {Chitosan}-treated {Wood}},\n\tauthor = {Larnøy, E. and Dantz, S. and Eikenes, M. and Militz, H.},\n\teditor = {Militz, H. and Hill, C. A. S.},\n\tyear = {2005},\n\tpages = {263--169},\n\tfile = {ecwm2005:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\GW4F7BGG\\\\ecwm2005.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Artificial Weathering of Wood Modified with the Cyclic N-Methylol Compounds.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Xie, Y.; Krause, A.; Mai, C.; Militz, H.; Richter, K.; Urban, K.; and Evans, P.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In Militz, H.; and Hill, C. A. S., editor(s), pages 363–366, 2005. \n \n\n\n\n
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@inproceedings{militz_artificial_2005,\n\ttitle = {Artificial {Weathering} of {Wood} {Modified} with the {Cyclic} {N}-{Methylol} {Compounds}},\n\tshorttitle = {Artificial {Weathering} of {Wood} {Modified} with the {Cyclic} {N}-{Methylol} {Compounds}},\n\tauthor = {Xie, Y. and Krause, A. and Mai, C. and Militz, H. and Richter, K. and Urban, K. and Evans, P.D.},\n\teditor = {Militz, H. and Hill, C. A. S.},\n\tyear = {2005},\n\tpages = {363--366},\n\tfile = {ecwm2005:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\SSNERM47\\\\ecwm2005.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Fungal Resistance, Dimensional Stability and Accelerated Weathering Performance of N-methylol Treated Veneers of Fagus sylvatica.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Wepner, F.; and Militz, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In Militz, H.; and Hill, C. A. S., editor(s), pages 169–177, 2005. \n \n\n\n\n
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@inproceedings{militz_fungal_2005,\n\ttitle = {Fungal {Resistance}, {Dimensional} {Stability} and {Accelerated} {Weathering} {Performance} of {N}-methylol {Treated} {Veneers} of {Fagus} sylvatica},\n\tshorttitle = {Fungal {Resistance}, {Dimensional} {Stability} and {Accelerated} {Weathering} {Performance} of {N}-methylol {Treated} {Veneers} of {Fagus} sylvatica},\n\tauthor = {Wepner, F. and Militz, H.},\n\teditor = {Militz, H. and Hill, C. A. S.},\n\tyear = {2005},\n\tpages = {169--177},\n\tfile = {ecwm2005:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\8QZDJPKF\\\\ecwm2005.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Chemical Grafting of Reaktive Triethoxysilane End Groups in Maritime Pine Wood.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Tingaut, P.; Weigenand, O.; Militz, H.; De Jéso, B.; and Sèbe, G.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In Militz, H.; and Hill, C. A. S., editor(s), pages 215–221, 2005. \n \n\n\n\n
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@inproceedings{militz_chemical_2005,\n\ttitle = {Chemical {Grafting} of {Reaktive} {Triethoxysilane} {End} {Groups} in {Maritime} {Pine} {Wood}},\n\tshorttitle = {Chemical {Grafting} of {Reaktive} {Triethoxysilane} {End} {Groups} in {Maritime} {Pine} {Wood}},\n\tauthor = {Tingaut, P. and Weigenand, O. and Militz, H. and De Jéso, B. and Sèbe, G.},\n\teditor = {Militz, H. and Hill, C. A. S.},\n\tyear = {2005},\n\tpages = {215--221},\n\tfile = {ecwm2005:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\3JRKC5QR\\\\ecwm2005.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Functionalisation of wood by reaction with 3-isocyanatopropyltriethoxysilane: Grafting and hydrolysis of the triethoxysilane end groups.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Tingaut, P.; Weigenand, O.; Militz, H.; De Jéso, B.; and Sèbe, G.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Holzforschung, 59(4): 397–404. 2005.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
\n 
@article{tingaut_functionalisation_2005,\n\ttitle = {Functionalisation of wood by reaction with 3-isocyanatopropyltriethoxysilane: {Grafting} and hydrolysis of the triethoxysilane end groups},\n\tvolume = {59},\n\tissn = {1437-434X},\n\tshorttitle = {Functionalisation of wood by reaction with 3-isocyanatopropyltriethoxysilane: {Grafting} and hydrolysis of the triethoxysilane end groups},\n\tnumber = {4},\n\tjournal = {Holzforschung},\n\tauthor = {Tingaut, P. and Weigenand, O. and Militz, H. and De Jéso, B. and Sèbe, G.},\n\tyear = {2005},\n\tpages = {397--404},\n\tfile = {hf.2005.065:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\DTPDXKNA\\\\hf.2005.065.pdf:application/pdf;hf.2005.065:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\ZGNU2DJG\\\\hf.2005.065.pdf:application/pdf;hf.2005.065:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\QWDXQ593\\\\hf.2005.065.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Chemical changes in hydrothermal treated wood: FTIR analysis of combined hydrothermal and dry heat-treated wood.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Tjeerdsma, B. F.; and Militz, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Holz Als Roh-Und Werkstoff, 63(2): 102–111. April 2005.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n \"ChemicalPaper\n  \n \n\n \n \n doi\n  \n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n  \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@article{tjeerdsma_chemical_2005,\n\ttitle = {Chemical changes in hydrothermal treated wood: {FTIR} analysis of combined hydrothermal and dry heat-treated wood},\n\tvolume = {63},\n\tissn = {0018-3768},\n\tshorttitle = {Chemical changes in hydrothermal treated wood: {FTIR} analysis of combined hydrothermal and dry heat-treated wood},\n\turl = {://000228315200003},\n\tdoi = {10.1007/s00107-004-0532-8},\n\tabstract = {Wood specimens of Beech (Fagus silvatica L.) and Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) modified by a hydrothermal treatment process were analysed by means of Fourier transform infra red spectroscopy (FTIR). The chemical transformation of the cell-wall material was studied and associated with improved wood qualities. For this purpose, FTIR spectroscopy was used as since this technique has been found appropriate to determine the intensity of specific bonds and functional groups within the polymeric structure. Cleavage of acetyl groups of the hemicellulose has been found to occur in the first treatment step under moist conditions and elevated temperature. This results in the formation of carbonic acids, mainly acetic acid. Most of the acetyl groups were found to be cleaved during the treatment of wood at high temperature, whereas only partial deacetylation was found to occur at moderate treatment temperature. The concentration of accessible hydroxyl groups was measured by acetylation and found reduced after treating at high temperature. Esterification reactions were found to occur under dry conditions at elevated temperature in the curing step, indicated by the increase of the specific ester carbonyl peak at 1740 cm(-1) in the FTIR spectrum. The esters that were formed turned out to be mainly linked to the lignin complex, considering that the newly formed carbonyl groups were found present in heat-treated wood, yet were found to be absent in the isolated holocellulose. Esterification contributes to a decrease of hygroscopicity of wood and consequently improvements of its dimensional stability and durability. However, the role of esterification in the decrease of hygroscopicity in the hydrothermal treatment process examined is believed to be minor compared to the influence of cross-linking reactions known to occur during thermal treatment of wood.},\n\tlanguage = {English},\n\tnumber = {2},\n\tjournal = {Holz Als Roh-Und Werkstoff},\n\tauthor = {Tjeerdsma, B. F. and Militz, H.},\n\tmonth = apr,\n\tyear = {2005},\n\tkeywords = {biomass, Degradation, dimensional stabilization, spectroscopy, stability},\n\tpages = {102--111},\n\tannote = {ISI Document Delivery No.: 915PBTimes Cited: 32Cited Reference Count: 38SpringerNew york},\n\tannote = {ISI Document Delivery No.: 915PBTimes Cited: 32Cited Reference Count: 38SpringerNew york},\n\tfile = {54.pdf:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\HFI4K52C\\\\54.pdf:application/pdf;art%3A10.1007%2Fs00107-004-0532-8:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\GKFEAER2\\\\art%3A10.1007%2Fs00107-004-0532-8.pdf:application/pdf;art%3A10.1007%2Fs00107-004-0532-8:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\6Z2PT8XV\\\\art%3A10.1007%2Fs00107-004-0532-8.pdf:application/pdf;art%3A10.1007%2Fs00107-004-0532-8:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\NPSSWJ58\\\\art%3A10.1007%2Fs00107-004-0532-8.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n Wood specimens of Beech (Fagus silvatica L.) and Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) modified by a hydrothermal treatment process were analysed by means of Fourier transform infra red spectroscopy (FTIR). The chemical transformation of the cell-wall material was studied and associated with improved wood qualities. For this purpose, FTIR spectroscopy was used as since this technique has been found appropriate to determine the intensity of specific bonds and functional groups within the polymeric structure. Cleavage of acetyl groups of the hemicellulose has been found to occur in the first treatment step under moist conditions and elevated temperature. This results in the formation of carbonic acids, mainly acetic acid. Most of the acetyl groups were found to be cleaved during the treatment of wood at high temperature, whereas only partial deacetylation was found to occur at moderate treatment temperature. The concentration of accessible hydroxyl groups was measured by acetylation and found reduced after treating at high temperature. Esterification reactions were found to occur under dry conditions at elevated temperature in the curing step, indicated by the increase of the specific ester carbonyl peak at 1740 cm(-1) in the FTIR spectrum. The esters that were formed turned out to be mainly linked to the lignin complex, considering that the newly formed carbonyl groups were found present in heat-treated wood, yet were found to be absent in the isolated holocellulose. Esterification contributes to a decrease of hygroscopicity of wood and consequently improvements of its dimensional stability and durability. However, the role of esterification in the decrease of hygroscopicity in the hydrothermal treatment process examined is believed to be minor compared to the influence of cross-linking reactions known to occur during thermal treatment of wood.\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Modification of Wheat Straw with the White-Rot Fungus Pleurotus ostreatus for Application in Natural Fiber Reinforced Thermoplastic Composites.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Schirp, A.; Loge, F.; Aust, S.; Turner, G.; and Wolcott, M.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In Militz, H.; and Hill, C. A. S., editor(s), pages 251–262, 2005. \n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
\n 
@inproceedings{militz_modification_2005,\n\ttitle = {Modification of {Wheat} {Straw} with the {White}-{Rot} {Fungus} {Pleurotus} ostreatus for {Application} in {Natural} {Fiber} {Reinforced} {Thermoplastic} {Composites}},\n\tshorttitle = {Modification of {Wheat} {Straw} with the {White}-{Rot} {Fungus} {Pleurotus} ostreatus for {Application} in {Natural} {Fiber} {Reinforced} {Thermoplastic} {Composites}},\n\tauthor = {Schirp, A. and Loge, F. and Aust, S. and Turner, G. and Wolcott, M.},\n\teditor = {Militz, H. and Hill, C. A. S.},\n\tyear = {2005},\n\tpages = {251--262},\n\tfile = {ecwm2005:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\EPDVDCAZ\\\\ecwm2005.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Upscaling and Process Development for Wood Modification with N-methylol Compounds using Superheated Steam.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Schaffert, S.; Krause, A.; and Militz, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In Militz, H.; and Hill, C. A. S., editor(s), pages 161–168, 2005. \n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
\n 
@inproceedings{militz_upscaling_2005,\n\ttitle = {Upscaling and {Process} {Development} for {Wood} {Modification} with {N}-methylol {Compounds} using {Superheated} {Steam}},\n\tshorttitle = {Upscaling and {Process} {Development} for {Wood} {Modification} with {N}-methylol {Compounds} using {Superheated} {Steam}},\n\tauthor = {Schaffert, S. and Krause, A. and Militz, H.},\n\teditor = {Militz, H. and Hill, C. A. S.},\n\tyear = {2005},\n\tpages = {161--168},\n\tfile = {ecwm2005:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\UN7AVMCD\\\\ecwm2005.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Untersuchungen zur Eignung von Silanen als Holzbehandlungsmittel\\textbar Examination of the usefulness of silanes to treat wood.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Donath, S.; Mai, C.; and Militz, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Schweizerische Zeitschrift für Forstwesen, 156(11): 411–413. 2005.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
\n 
@article{donath_untersuchungen_2005,\n\ttitle = {Untersuchungen zur {Eignung} von {Silanen} als {Holzbehandlungsmittel}{\\textbar} {Examination} of the usefulness of silanes to treat wood},\n\tvolume = {156},\n\tissn = {0036-7818},\n\tshorttitle = {Untersuchungen zur {Eignung} von {Silanen} als {Holzbehandlungsmittel}{\\textbar} {Examination} of the usefulness of silanes to treat wood},\n\tnumber = {11},\n\tjournal = {Schweizerische Zeitschrift für Forstwesen},\n\tauthor = {Donath, S. and Mai, C. and Militz, H.},\n\tyear = {2005},\n\tpages = {411--413},\n\tfile = {szf%2E2005%2E0411:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\SMEMG2TS\\\\szf%2E2005%2E0411.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Comparative Investigation on some Physical Properties of Modified Wood.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Weigenand, O.; Mai, C.; Babiak, M.; and Militz, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In Militz, H.; and Hill, C. A. S., editor(s), pages 295–297, 2005. \n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
\n 
@inproceedings{militz_comparative_2005,\n\ttitle = {Comparative {Investigation} on some {Physical} {Properties} of {Modified} {Wood}},\n\tshorttitle = {Comparative {Investigation} on some {Physical} {Properties} of {Modified} {Wood}},\n\tauthor = {Weigenand, O. and Mai, C. and Babiak, M. and Militz, H.},\n\teditor = {Militz, H. and Hill, C. A. S.},\n\tyear = {2005},\n\tpages = {295--297},\n\tfile = {ecwm2005:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\C8HGGTN4\\\\ecwm2005.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Studies on the resistance of DMDHEU treated wood against white-rot and brown-rot fungi.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Verma, P.; Mai, C.; Krause, A.; and Militz, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In pages 15, April 2005. \n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n doi\n  \n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n  \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@inproceedings{verma_studies_2005,\n\ttitle = {Studies on the resistance of {DMDHEU} treated wood against white-rot and brown-rot fungi},\n\tdoi = {IRG/WP 05-10566},\n\tabstract = {Beech wood (Fagus sylvatica) modified with the textile finishing agent 1,3 dimethylol-4,5-dihydroxyethylen urea (DMDHEU) has shown to improve durability against the white-rot fungus Trametes versicolor. In a mini-block test, the weight loss over eight weeks of incubation decreased with increasing weight percent gain (WPG) of DMDHEU. At 25\\% WPG, no significant weight loss was observed, while untreated beech wood lost 37\\% of its initial weight under the same conditions. This increase in resistance was shown not to be caused by a biocidal effect of monomeric DMDHEU: the growth of T. versicolor and Coniophora puteana was not significantly reduced, when DMDHEU was added to sterile malt agar plates in concentrations of up to 10\\%. Poria placenta was not negatively affected up to a DMDHEU concentration of 5\\%. A solid state fermentation experiment was performed with T. versicolor on milled untreated and DMDHEU modified wood in order to determine the production of extra-cellular protein and the activity of wood-decaying enzymes. T. versicolor was not able to grow on wood treated to the highest WPG (14.9\\%). The activity of ligninolytic enzymes (laccase, manganese peroxidase) was highest at 7.9\\% WPG compared to the untreated control and 2.8\\% WPG. The overall production of hydrolytic enzymes was low in all cases and a clear distinction between untreated and modified wood was not possible.},\n\tauthor = {Verma, P. and Mai, C. and Krause, A. and Militz, H.},\n\tmonth = apr,\n\tyear = {2005},\n\tkeywords = {1, 3-dimethylol-4, 5-dihydroxyethylen urea (DMDHEU), enzyme production, mode of action, wood modification},\n\tpages = {15},\n\tfile = {IRG 05-10566:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\3IZCAWV4\\\\IRG 05-10566.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n Beech wood (Fagus sylvatica) modified with the textile finishing agent 1,3 dimethylol-4,5-dihydroxyethylen urea (DMDHEU) has shown to improve durability against the white-rot fungus Trametes versicolor. In a mini-block test, the weight loss over eight weeks of incubation decreased with increasing weight percent gain (WPG) of DMDHEU. At 25% WPG, no significant weight loss was observed, while untreated beech wood lost 37% of its initial weight under the same conditions. This increase in resistance was shown not to be caused by a biocidal effect of monomeric DMDHEU: the growth of T. versicolor and Coniophora puteana was not significantly reduced, when DMDHEU was added to sterile malt agar plates in concentrations of up to 10%. Poria placenta was not negatively affected up to a DMDHEU concentration of 5%. A solid state fermentation experiment was performed with T. versicolor on milled untreated and DMDHEU modified wood in order to determine the production of extra-cellular protein and the activity of wood-decaying enzymes. T. versicolor was not able to grow on wood treated to the highest WPG (14.9%). The activity of ligninolytic enzymes (laccase, manganese peroxidase) was highest at 7.9% WPG compared to the untreated control and 2.8% WPG. The overall production of hydrolytic enzymes was low in all cases and a clear distinction between untreated and modified wood was not possible.\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Weathering of wood modified with the N-methylol compound 1, 3-dimethylol-4, 5-dihydroxyethyleneurea.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Xie, Y.; Krause, A.; Mai, C.; Militz, H.; Richter, K.; Urban, K.; and Evans, P. D.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Polymer Degradation and Stability, 89(2): 189–199. 2005.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@article{xie_weathering_2005,\n\ttitle = {Weathering of wood modified with the {N}-methylol compound 1, 3-dimethylol-4, 5-dihydroxyethyleneurea},\n\tvolume = {89},\n\tissn = {0141-3910},\n\tshorttitle = {Weathering of wood modified with the {N}-methylol compound 1, 3-dimethylol-4, 5-dihydroxyethyleneurea},\n\tnumber = {2},\n\tjournal = {Polymer Degradation and Stability},\n\tauthor = {Xie, Y. and Krause, A. and Mai, C. and Militz, H. and Richter, K. and Urban, K. and Evans, P. D.},\n\tyear = {2005},\n\tpages = {189--199},\n\tfile = {2005_Polym Degrad Stabil 89(2005) 189-199:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\9XTIG8PG\\\\2005_Polym Degrad Stabil 89(2005) 189-199.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Uptake of chitosan based impregnation solutions with varying viscosities in four different European wood species.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Larnøy, E.; Militz, H.; and Eikenes, M.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Holz als Roh-und Werkstoff, 63(6): 456–462. 2005.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n doi\n  \n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@article{larnoy_uptake_2005,\n\ttitle = {Uptake of chitosan based impregnation solutions with varying viscosities in four different {European} wood species},\n\tvolume = {63},\n\tissn = {0018-3768},\n\tshorttitle = {Uptake of chitosan based impregnation solutions with varying viscosities in four different {European} wood species},\n\tdoi = {10.1007/s00107-005-0014-7},\n\tnumber = {6},\n\tjournal = {Holz als Roh-und Werkstoff},\n\tauthor = {Larnøy, E. and Militz, H. and Eikenes, M.},\n\tyear = {2005},\n\tpages = {456--462},\n\tfile = {art%3A10.1007%2Fs00107-005-0014-7:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\4TRR4WH4\\\\art%3A10.1007%2Fs00107-005-0014-7.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n  \n 2004\n \n \n (12)\n \n \n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n A non-destructive approach for assessing decay in preservative treated wood.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Mackek, L.; Edlund, M. L.; Sierra-Alvarez, R.; and Militz, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Wood Science and Technology, 37(5): 411–417. 2004.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n doi\n  \n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@article{mackek_non-destructive_2004,\n\ttitle = {A non-destructive approach for assessing decay in preservative treated wood},\n\tvolume = {37},\n\tshorttitle = {A non-destructive approach for assessing decay in preservative treated wood},\n\tdoi = {10.1007/s00226-002-0161-5},\n\tnumber = {5},\n\tjournal = {Wood Science and Technology},\n\tauthor = {Mackek, L. and Edlund, M. L. and Sierra-Alvarez, R. and Militz, H.},\n\tyear = {2004},\n\tpages = {411--417},\n\tfile = {art%3A10.1007%2Fs00226-002-0161-5:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\P8454N6P\\\\art%3A10.1007%2Fs00226-002-0161-5.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Screening of chitosan against wood-deteriorating fungi.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Alfredsen, G.; Eikenes, M.; Militz, H.; and Solheim, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research, 19(5): 4–13. 2004.\n \n\n\n\n
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@article{alfredsen_screening_2004,\n\ttitle = {Screening of chitosan against wood-deteriorating fungi},\n\tvolume = {19},\n\tissn = {0282-7581},\n\tshorttitle = {Screening of chitosan against wood-deteriorating fungi},\n\tnumber = {5},\n\tjournal = {Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research},\n\tauthor = {Alfredsen, G. and Eikenes, M. and Militz, H. and Solheim, H.},\n\tyear = {2004},\n\tpages = {4--13},\n\tfile = {02827580410017807:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\KWQQQJG3\\\\02827580410017807.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Schutzmittel und Vergütung für Holz.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Militz, H.; and Weigenand, O.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n 2004.\n \n\n\n\n
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@patent{militz_schutzmittel_2004,\n\ttitle = {Schutzmittel und {Vergütung} für {Holz}},\n\tshorttitle = {Schutzmittel und {Vergütung} für {Holz}},\n\tauthor = {Militz, H. and Weigenand, O.},\n\tyear = {2004},\n\tfile = {DE102004036918A1_all_pages:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\AQXPI9XD\\\\DE102004036918A1_all_pages.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Modified wood for windows and cladding products.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Militz, H.; Krause, A.; and Hof, C.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In Cecotti, A.; and van de Kuilen, J. W. G., editor(s), pages 141–150, 2004. \n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@inproceedings{cecotti_modified_2004,\n\ttitle = {Modified wood for windows and cladding products},\n\tshorttitle = {Modified wood for windows and cladding products},\n\tauthor = {Militz, H. and Krause, A. and Hof, C.},\n\teditor = {Cecotti, A. and van de Kuilen, J. W. G.},\n\tyear = {2004},\n\tpages = {141--150},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Tuning für Buche & Co.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Militz, H.; and Krause, A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Holz-Zentralblatt, 130: 46–49. 2004.\n \n\n\n\n
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@article{militz_tuning_2004,\n\ttitle = {Tuning für {Buche} \\& {Co}},\n\tvolume = {130},\n\tshorttitle = {Tuning für {Buche} \\& {Co}},\n\tjournal = {Holz-Zentralblatt},\n\tauthor = {Militz, H. and Krause, A.},\n\tyear = {2004},\n\tpages = {46--49},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Mittel zur Ausstattung von auf Cellulose und/oder Stärke basierenden Substanzen mit Wasser abweisenden und gleichzeitig pilz-, bakterien-, insekten- sowie algenwidrigen Eigenschaften.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Edelmann, R.; Waßmer, C.; Jenkner, P.; Monkiewicz, J.; Militz, H.; Mai, C.; and Donath, S.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n 2004.\n \n\n\n\n
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@patent{edelmann_mittel_2004,\n\ttitle = {Mittel zur {Ausstattung} von auf {Cellulose} und/oder {Stärke} basierenden {Substanzen} mit {Wasser} abweisenden und gleichzeitig pilz-, bakterien-, insekten- sowie algenwidrigen {Eigenschaften}},\n\tshorttitle = {Mittel zur {Ausstattung} von auf {Cellulose} und/oder {Stärke} basierenden {Substanzen} mit {Wasser} abweisenden und gleichzeitig pilz-, bakterien-, insekten- sowie algenwidrigen {Eigenschaften}},\n\tauthor = {Edelmann, R. and Waßmer, C. and Jenkner, P. and Monkiewicz, J. and Militz, H. and Mai, C. and Donath, S.},\n\tyear = {2004},\n\tfile = {DE102004037044A1_all_pages:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\SDJNGNNN\\\\DE102004037044A1_all_pages.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Biotechnology in the wood industry.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Mai, C.; Kües, U.; and Militz, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Applied microbiology and biotechnology, 63(5): 477–494. 2004.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@article{mai_biotechnology_2004,\n\ttitle = {Biotechnology in the wood industry},\n\tvolume = {63},\n\tissn = {0175-7598},\n\tshorttitle = {Biotechnology in the wood industry},\n\tnumber = {5},\n\tjournal = {Applied microbiology and biotechnology},\n\tauthor = {Mai, C. and Kües, U. and Militz, H.},\n\tyear = {2004},\n\tpages = {477--494},\n\tfile = {art%3A10.1007%2Fs00253-003-1411-7:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\RNDN6FAR\\\\art%3A10.1007%2Fs00253-003-1411-7.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Possibilities for the use of the different types of wood residues as raw material.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Kürsten, E.; and Militz, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In pages 190–203, 2004. \n \n\n\n\n
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@inproceedings{kursten_possibilities_2004,\n\ttitle = {Possibilities for the use of the different types of wood residues as raw material},\n\tshorttitle = {Possibilities for the use of the different types of wood residues as raw material},\n\tauthor = {Kürsten, E. and Militz, H.},\n\tyear = {2004},\n\tpages = {190--203},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Colour measurements and gluability investigation on red heart beech wood (Fagus sylvatica L.).\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Hapla, F.; and Militz, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Wood Research, 49(4): 1–12. 2004.\n \n\n\n\n
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@article{hapla_colour_2004,\n\ttitle = {Colour measurements and gluability investigation on red heart beech wood ({Fagus} sylvatica {L}.)},\n\tvolume = {49},\n\tshorttitle = {Colour measurements and gluability investigation on red heart beech wood ({Fagus} sylvatica {L}.)},\n\tnumber = {4},\n\tjournal = {Wood Research},\n\tauthor = {Hapla, F. and Militz, H.},\n\tyear = {2004},\n\tpages = {1--12},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Modification of wood with silicon compounds. Treatment systems based on organic silicon compounds—a review.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Mai, C.; and Militz, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Wood Science and Technology, 37(6): 453–461. 2004.\n \n\n\n\n
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@article{mai_modification_2004,\n\ttitle = {Modification of wood with silicon compounds. {Treatment} systems based on organic silicon compounds—a review},\n\tvolume = {37},\n\tissn = {0043-7719},\n\tshorttitle = {Modification of wood with silicon compounds. {Treatment} systems based on organic silicon compounds—a review},\n\tnumber = {6},\n\tjournal = {Wood Science and Technology},\n\tauthor = {Mai, C. and Militz, H.},\n\tyear = {2004},\n\tpages = {453--461},\n\tfile = {art%3A10.1007%2Fs00226-004-0225-9:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\Z846R8N7\\\\art%3A10.1007%2Fs00226-004-0225-9.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Modification of wood with silicon compounds. Inorganic silicon compounds and sol-gel systems: a review.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Mai, C.; and Militz, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Wood Science and Technology, 37(5): 339–348. 2004.\n \n\n\n\n
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@article{mai_modification_2004-1,\n\ttitle = {Modification of wood with silicon compounds. {Inorganic} silicon compounds and sol-gel systems: a review},\n\tvolume = {37},\n\tissn = {0043-7719},\n\tshorttitle = {Modification of wood with silicon compounds. {Inorganic} silicon compounds and sol-gel systems: a review},\n\tnumber = {5},\n\tjournal = {Wood Science and Technology},\n\tauthor = {Mai, C. and Militz, H.},\n\tyear = {2004},\n\tpages = {339--348},\n\tfile = {art%3A10.1007%2Fs00226-003-0205-5:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\7V42VHPK\\\\art%3A10.1007%2Fs00226-003-0205-5.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Wood modification with alkoxysilanes.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Donath, S.; Militz, H.; and Mai, C.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Wood Science and Technology, 38(7): 555–566. 2004.\n \n\n\n\n
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@article{donath_wood_2004,\n\ttitle = {Wood modification with alkoxysilanes},\n\tvolume = {38},\n\tissn = {0043-7719},\n\tshorttitle = {Wood modification with alkoxysilanes},\n\tnumber = {7},\n\tjournal = {Wood Science and Technology},\n\tauthor = {Donath, S. and Militz, H. and Mai, C.},\n\tyear = {2004},\n\tpages = {555--566},\n\tfile = {art%3A10.1007%2Fs00226-004-0257-1:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\P63HFNJ9\\\\art%3A10.1007%2Fs00226-004-0257-1.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n  \n 2003\n \n \n (16)\n \n \n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Effect of fungal degradation on the chemical composition of acetylated beech wood.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Militz, H.; Son, D. W.; Gómez-Hernández, L.; and Sierra-Alvarez, R.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In pages 15, 2003. \n \n\n\n\n
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@inproceedings{militz_effect_2003,\n\ttitle = {Effect of fungal degradation on the chemical composition of acetylated beech wood},\n\turl = {Section},\n\tdoi = {IRG/WP 03-40267},\n\tabstract = {This study investigated the impact of fungal attack on the chemical composition of acetylated wood. Beech wood acetylated to different degrees was exposed to decay by the white-rot fungus Trametes versicolor under solid-state fermentation conditions. Laboratory soil-bed assays were also conducted to study the degradation of acetylated wood by soft rot fungi and other soil-inhabiting microorganisms. Changes in the chemical composition of untreated wood and acetylated wood following exposure to fungal attack were examined by wet chemical analysis, as well as FT-IR and CP/MAS 13C-NMR spectral methods.},\n\tauthor = {Militz, H. and Son, D. W. and Gómez-Hernández, L. and Sierra-Alvarez, R.},\n\tyear = {2003},\n\tkeywords = {acetylation, wood decay, chemical modification, CP/MAS13C NMR, FT-IR, lignocellulose, soft-rot, soil-bed assay, white-rot},\n\tpages = {15},\n\tfile = {IRG 03-40267:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\8V6BGBC9\\\\IRG 03-40267.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n This study investigated the impact of fungal attack on the chemical composition of acetylated wood. Beech wood acetylated to different degrees was exposed to decay by the white-rot fungus Trametes versicolor under solid-state fermentation conditions. Laboratory soil-bed assays were also conducted to study the degradation of acetylated wood by soft rot fungi and other soil-inhabiting microorganisms. Changes in the chemical composition of untreated wood and acetylated wood following exposure to fungal attack were examined by wet chemical analysis, as well as FT-IR and CP/MAS 13C-NMR spectral methods.\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Einsatz von Siliziumverbindungen zur Holzvergütung.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Mai, C.; Donath, S.; and Militz, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In Beiträge der 23. Holzschutz-Tagung der DGfH, pages 83–96, München, Germany, March 2003. Deutsche Gesellschaft für Holzforschung (DGfH)\n \n\n\n\n
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@inproceedings{mai_einsatz_2003,\n\taddress = {München, Germany},\n\ttitle = {Einsatz von {Siliziumverbindungen} zur {Holzvergütung}},\n\tshorttitle = {Einsatz von {Siliziumverbindungen} zur {Holzvergütung}},\n\tbooktitle = {Beiträge der 23. {Holzschutz}-{Tagung} der {DGfH}},\n\tpublisher = {Deutsche Gesellschaft für Holzforschung (DGfH)},\n\tauthor = {Mai, C. and Donath, S. and Militz, H.},\n\tmonth = mar,\n\tyear = {2003},\n\tpages = {83--96},\n\tfile = {11_Einsatz von Siliziumverbindungen zur Holzvergütung:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\NXXWZEX7\\\\11_Einsatz von Siliziumverbindungen zur Holzvergütung.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Modifizierte Hölzer für den Einsatz im Fensterbau.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Illner, M.; Militz, H.; Schmid, J.; Schwarz, B.; and Stetter, K.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Holz-Zentralblatt, 129(47): 698. 2003.\n \n\n\n\n
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@article{illner_modifizierte_2003,\n\ttitle = {Modifizierte {Hölzer} für den {Einsatz} im {Fensterbau}},\n\tvolume = {129},\n\tshorttitle = {Modifizierte {Hölzer} für den {Einsatz} im {Fensterbau}},\n\tnumber = {47},\n\tjournal = {Holz-Zentralblatt},\n\tauthor = {Illner, M. and Militz, H. and Schmid, J. and Schwarz, B. and Stetter, K.},\n\tyear = {2003},\n\tpages = {698},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Modification of wood with silicon compounds.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Mai, C.; Donath, S.; and Militz, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In Van Acker, J.; and Hill, C. A. S., editor(s), pages 239–251, 2003. \n \n\n\n\n
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@inproceedings{van_acker_modification_2003,\n\ttitle = {Modification of wood with silicon compounds},\n\tshorttitle = {Modification of wood with silicon compounds},\n\tauthor = {Mai, C. and Donath, S. and Militz, H.},\n\teditor = {Van Acker, J. and Hill, C. A. S.},\n\tyear = {2003},\n\tpages = {239--251},\n\tfile = {239:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\Z2B2VG4P\\\\239.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Interlace treatment—wood modification with N-methylol compounds.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Krause, A; Jones, D; Van der Zee, M; and Militz, H\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In Van Acker, J.; and Hill, C. A. S., editor(s), pages 317–327, 2003. \n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@inproceedings{van_acker_interlace_2003,\n\ttitle = {Interlace treatment—wood modification with {N}-methylol compounds},\n\tshorttitle = {Interlace treatment—wood modification with {N}-methylol compounds},\n\tauthor = {Krause, A and Jones, D and Van der Zee, M and Militz, H},\n\teditor = {Van Acker, J. and Hill, C. A. S.},\n\tyear = {2003},\n\tpages = {317--327},\n\tfile = {317:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\HJAGDDA5\\\\317.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Soft rot decay in acetylated wood: Microcalorimetry and ergosterol assay in decayed wood.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Mohebby, B.; Mai, C.; and Militz, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In Van Acker, J.; and Hill, C. A. S., editor(s), pages 197–202, 2003. \n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@inproceedings{van_acker_soft_2003,\n\ttitle = {Soft rot decay in acetylated wood: {Microcalorimetry} and ergosterol assay in decayed wood},\n\tshorttitle = {Soft rot decay in acetylated wood: {Microcalorimetry} and ergosterol assay in decayed wood},\n\tauthor = {Mohebby, B. and Mai, C. and Militz, H.},\n\teditor = {Van Acker, J. and Hill, C. A. S.},\n\tyear = {2003},\n\tpages = {197--202},\n\tfile = {197:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\5B9HZMZZ\\\\197.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Investigation on natural durability and sorption properties of Italian Chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill.) from coppice stands.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Militz, H.; Busetto, D.; and Hapla, F.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Holz als Roh-und Werkstoff, 61(2): 133–141. 2003.\n \n\n\n\n
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@article{militz_investigation_2003,\n\ttitle = {Investigation on natural durability and sorption properties of {Italian} {Chestnut} ({Castanea} sativa {Mill}.) from coppice stands},\n\tvolume = {61},\n\tissn = {0018-3768},\n\tshorttitle = {Investigation on natural durability and sorption properties of {Italian} {Chestnut} ({Castanea} sativa {Mill}.) from coppice stands},\n\tnumber = {2},\n\tjournal = {Holz als Roh-und Werkstoff},\n\tauthor = {Militz, H. and Busetto, D. and Hapla, F.},\n\tyear = {2003},\n\tpages = {133--141},\n\tfile = {art%3A10.1007%2Fs00107-002-0357-2:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\TC8WKK8N\\\\art%3A10.1007%2Fs00107-002-0357-2.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Oils and water repellents in wood preservation.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Militz, H\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In 2003. \n \n\n\n\n
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@inproceedings{militz_oils_2003,\n\ttitle = {Oils and water repellents in wood preservation},\n\tshorttitle = {Oils and water repellents in wood preservation},\n\tauthor = {Militz, H},\n\tyear = {2003},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Properties of silane treated and coated wood.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Tomazoc, M.; Kricej, B.; Pavlic, M; Petric, M.; Mai, C.; and Militz, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n ,27–33. 2003.\n \n\n\n\n
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@article{tomazoc_properties_2003,\n\ttitle = {Properties of silane treated and coated wood},\n\tshorttitle = {Properties of silane treated and coated wood},\n\tauthor = {Tomazoc, M. and Kricej, B. and Pavlic, M and Petric, M. and Mai, C. and Militz, H.},\n\tyear = {2003},\n\tpages = {27--33},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Water repellency of some natural oils.Oils and water repellents in wood preservation.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Van Eckeveld, A.; Homan, W. J.; and Militz, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In pages 41–46, 2003. \n \n\n\n\n
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@inproceedings{van_eckeveld_water_2003,\n\ttitle = {Water repellency of some natural oils.{Oils} and water repellents in wood preservation},\n\tshorttitle = {Water repellency of some natural oils.{Oils} and water repellents in wood preservation},\n\tauthor = {Van Eckeveld, A. and Homan, W. J. and Militz, H.},\n\tyear = {2003},\n\tpages = {41--46},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Biological durability of wood in relation to end-use-Part 1. Towards a European standard for laboratory testing of the biological durability of wood.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Van Acker, J.; Stevens, M.; Carey, J.; Sierra-Alvarez, R.; Militz, H.; Le Bayon, I.; Kleist, G.; and Peek, R. D.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Holz als Roh-und Werkstoff, 61: 35–45. 2003.\n \n\n\n\n
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@article{van_acker_biological_2003,\n\ttitle = {Biological durability of wood in relation to end-use-{Part} 1. {Towards} a {European} standard for laboratory testing of the biological durability of wood},\n\tvolume = {61},\n\tissn = {0018-3768},\n\tshorttitle = {Biological durability of wood in relation to end-use-{Part} 1. {Towards} a {European} standard for laboratory testing of the biological durability of wood},\n\tjournal = {Holz als Roh-und Werkstoff},\n\tauthor = {Van Acker, J. and Stevens, M. and Carey, J. and Sierra-Alvarez, R. and Militz, H. and Le Bayon, I. and Kleist, G. and Peek, R. D.},\n\tyear = {2003},\n\tpages = {35--45},\n\tfile = {Van Acker et al. - 2003 - Biological durability of wood in relation to end-u.pdf:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\KTT9ZTMZ\\\\Van Acker et al. - 2003 - Biological durability of wood in relation to end-u.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Kombinationsverfahren von bioziden Holzschutzmitteln und Hydrophobierungsmitteln.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Treu, A.; Militz, H.; Habicht, J.; and Klaucke, R.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In pages 177–193, March 2003. Deutsche Gesellschaft für Holzforschung (DGfH)\n \n\n\n\n
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@inproceedings{treu_kombinationsverfahren_2003,\n\ttitle = {Kombinationsverfahren von bioziden {Holzschutzmitteln} und {Hydrophobierungsmitteln}},\n\tshorttitle = {Kombinationsverfahren von bioziden {Holzschutzmitteln} und {Hydrophobierungsmitteln}},\n\tpublisher = {Deutsche Gesellschaft für Holzforschung (DGfH)},\n\tauthor = {Treu, A. and Militz, H. and Habicht, J. and Klaucke, R.},\n\tmonth = mar,\n\tyear = {2003},\n\tpages = {177--193},\n\tfile = {17_Kombinationsverfahren von bioziden Holzschutzmitteln und Hydrophobierungsmitteln:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\XEQDWRF3\\\\17_Kombinationsverfahren von bioziden Holzschutzmitteln und Hydrophobierungsmitteln.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Improvement of wood properties by a combined impregnation process-the Royal Process.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Treu, A.; Habicht, J.; Klaucke, R.; and Militz, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In pages 3–14, 2003. \n \n\n\n\n
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@inproceedings{treu_improvement_2003,\n\ttitle = {Improvement of wood properties by a combined impregnation process-the {Royal} {Process}},\n\tshorttitle = {Improvement of wood properties by a combined impregnation process-the {Royal} {Process}},\n\tauthor = {Treu, A. and Habicht, J. and Klaucke, R. and Militz, H.},\n\tyear = {2003},\n\tpages = {3--14},\n\tfile = {3:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\NDKX8HXK\\\\3.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Analysis of acetylated wood by electron microscopy.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Sander, C.; Beckers, E. P. J.; Militz, H.; and Van Veenendaal, W.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Wood Science and Technology, 37(1): 39–46. 2003.\n \n\n\n\n
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@article{sander_analysis_2003,\n\ttitle = {Analysis of acetylated wood by electron microscopy},\n\tvolume = {37},\n\tissn = {0043-7719},\n\tshorttitle = {Analysis of acetylated wood by electron microscopy},\n\tnumber = {1},\n\tjournal = {Wood Science and Technology},\n\tauthor = {Sander, C. and Beckers, E. P. J. and Militz, H. and Van Veenendaal, W.},\n\tyear = {2003},\n\tpages = {39--46},\n\tfile = {art%3A10.1007%2Fs00226-002-0160-6:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\WTVBVK69\\\\art%3A10.1007%2Fs00226-002-0160-6.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Verfahren der Holzmodifizierung für den Fenster- und Fassadenbau.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Militz, H.; and Krause, A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In pages 101–106, 2003. \n \n\n\n\n
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@inproceedings{militz_verfahren_2003,\n\ttitle = {Verfahren der {Holzmodifizierung} für den {Fenster}- und {Fassadenbau}},\n\tshorttitle = {Verfahren der {Holzmodifizierung} für den {Fenster}- und {Fassadenbau}},\n\tauthor = {Militz, H. and Krause, A.},\n\tyear = {2003},\n\tpages = {101--106},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Royal-treatment–scientific background and practical application.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Treu, A.; Militz, H.; and Breyne, S.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In pages 7–15, 2003. \n \n\n\n\n
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@inproceedings{treu_royal-treatmentscientific_2003,\n\ttitle = {Royal-treatment–scientific background and practical application},\n\tshorttitle = {Royal-treatment–scientific background and practical application},\n\tauthor = {Treu, A. and Militz, H. and Breyne, S.},\n\tyear = {2003},\n\tpages = {7--15},\n}\n\n
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\n  \n 2002\n \n \n (9)\n \n \n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Thermal treatment of wood: European Processes and their background.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Militz, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In pages 20, May 2002. IRG Secretary Stockholm, Sweden\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n \"ThermalPaper\n  \n \n\n \n \n doi\n  \n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n  \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@inproceedings{militz_thermal_2002,\n\ttitle = {Thermal treatment of wood: {European} {Processes} and their background},\n\turl = {2002\\IRG 02-40241.pdf  Section},\n\tdoi = {IRG/WP 02-40241},\n\tabstract = {Recent efforts on thermal treatment of wood lead to the development of several processes introduced to the European market during the last few years. The total production capacity of heat treated wood in 2001 is estimated as approx. 165.000 m3. In the paper the different heat processes are presented. The general technology as well as scientific data on the chemical transformation of the cell wall polymers, on the biological performance, on the physical and mechanical properties of the treated wood are presented and discussed},\n\tpublisher = {IRG Secretary Stockholm, Sweden},\n\tauthor = {Militz, H.},\n\tmonth = may,\n\tyear = {2002},\n\tkeywords = {Heat treatment, development, Europe, Thermal treatment},\n\tpages = {20},\n\tannote = {Germany},\n\tfile = {IRG 02-40241:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\3B2GQM4M\\\\IRG 02-40241.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n Recent efforts on thermal treatment of wood lead to the development of several processes introduced to the European market during the last few years. The total production capacity of heat treated wood in 2001 is estimated as approx. 165.000 m3. In the paper the different heat processes are presented. The general technology as well as scientific data on the chemical transformation of the cell wall polymers, on the biological performance, on the physical and mechanical properties of the treated wood are presented and discussed\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Investigation on the yield and quality of sliced veneer produced from beech trees (Fagus sylvatica L.) containing red heartwood.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Hapla, F.; Meggers, L.; Militz, H.; and Mai, C.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Holz als Roh-und Werkstoff, 60(6): 440–442. 2002.\n \n\n\n\n
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@article{hapla_investigation_2002,\n\ttitle = {Investigation on the yield and quality of sliced veneer produced from beech trees ({Fagus} sylvatica {L}.) containing red heartwood},\n\tvolume = {60},\n\tissn = {0018-3768},\n\tshorttitle = {Investigation on the yield and quality of sliced veneer produced from beech trees ({Fagus} sylvatica {L}.) containing red heartwood},\n\tnumber = {6},\n\tjournal = {Holz als Roh-und Werkstoff},\n\tauthor = {Hapla, F. and Meggers, L. and Militz, H. and Mai, C.},\n\tyear = {2002},\n\tpages = {440--442},\n\tfile = {art%3A10.1007%2Fs00107-002-0336-7:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\3F3C69EC\\\\art%3A10.1007%2Fs00107-002-0336-7.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Solid Wood Modification. Proceedings Part 1.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Militz, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In 2002. \n \n\n\n\n
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@inproceedings{militz_solid_2002,\n\ttitle = {Solid {Wood} {Modification}. {Proceedings} {Part} 1},\n\tshorttitle = {Solid {Wood} {Modification}. {Proceedings} {Part} 1},\n\tauthor = {Militz, H.},\n\tyear = {2002},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Modified wood: a new material for new and existing markets.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Militz, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In pages 69–74, 2002. \n \n\n\n\n
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@inproceedings{militz_modified_2002,\n\ttitle = {Modified wood: a new material for new and existing markets},\n\tshorttitle = {Modified wood: a new material for new and existing markets},\n\tauthor = {Militz, H.},\n\tyear = {2002},\n\tpages = {69--74},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Verfahren zur Verbesserung der Oberflächenhärte eines Holzkörpers mit einer wässrigen Lösung eines Imprägniermittels.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Militz, H.; and Krause, A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n 2002.\n \n\n\n\n
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@patent{militz_verfahren_2002,\n\ttitle = {Verfahren zur {Verbesserung} der {Oberflächenhärte} eines {Holzkörpers} mit einer wässrigen {Lösung} eines {Imprägniermittels}},\n\tshorttitle = {Verfahren zur {Verbesserung} der {Oberflächenhärte} eines {Holzkörpers} mit einer wässrigen {Lösung} eines {Imprägniermittels}},\n\tauthor = {Militz, H. and Krause, A.},\n\tyear = {2002},\n\tfile = {DE000010246400A1_all_pages:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\8TAIMJTV\\\\DE000010246400A1_all_pages.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Verfahren zur Verbesserung der Dauerhaftigkeit, Dimensionsstabilität und Oberflächenhärte eines Holzkörpers.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Militz, H.; and Krause, A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n 2002.\n \n\n\n\n
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@patent{militz_verfahren_2002-1,\n\ttitle = {Verfahren zur {Verbesserung} der {Dauerhaftigkeit}, {Dimensionsstabilität} und {Oberflächenhärte} eines {Holzkörpers}},\n\tshorttitle = {Verfahren zur {Verbesserung} der {Dauerhaftigkeit}, {Dimensionsstabilität} und {Oberflächenhärte} eines {Holzkörpers}},\n\tauthor = {Militz, H. and Krause, A.},\n\tyear = {2002},\n\tfile = {DE000010246401A1_all_pages:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\7ATPXATN\\\\DE000010246401A1_all_pages.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Effect of process conditions on moisture content and decay resistance of hydro-thermally treated wood.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Tjeerdsma, B. F.; Stevens, M.; Militz, H.; and Van Acker, J.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Holzforschung und Holzverwertung, 54(5): 94–99. 2002.\n \n\n\n\n
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@article{tjeerdsma_effect_2002,\n\ttitle = {Effect of process conditions on moisture content and decay resistance of hydro-thermally treated wood},\n\tvolume = {54},\n\tshorttitle = {Effect of process conditions on moisture content and decay resistance of hydro-thermally treated wood},\n\tnumber = {5},\n\tjournal = {Holzforschung und Holzverwertung},\n\tauthor = {Tjeerdsma, B. F. and Stevens, M. and Militz, H. and Van Acker, J.},\n\tyear = {2002},\n\tpages = {94--99},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Nomenklatur und Physiologie der fakultativen Kernbildung von Rotbuche (Fagus sylvatica L.).\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Stuber, B.; Militz, H.; Weihs, U.; and Krummheuer, F.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Forst und Holz, 57(5): 129–133. 2002.\n \n\n\n\n
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@article{stuber_nomenklatur_2002,\n\ttitle = {Nomenklatur und {Physiologie} der fakultativen {Kernbildung} von {Rotbuche} ({Fagus} sylvatica {L}.)},\n\tvolume = {57},\n\tissn = {0932-9315},\n\tshorttitle = {Nomenklatur und {Physiologie} der fakultativen {Kernbildung} von {Rotbuche} ({Fagus} sylvatica {L}.)},\n\tnumber = {5},\n\tjournal = {Forst und Holz},\n\tauthor = {Stuber, B. and Militz, H. and Weihs, U. and Krummheuer, F.},\n\tyear = {2002},\n\tpages = {129--133},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Heat treatment technologies in Europe: scientific background and technological state-of-art.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Militz, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In pages 239–249, 2002. \n \n\n\n\n
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@inproceedings{militz_heat_2002,\n\ttitle = {Heat treatment technologies in {Europe}: scientific background and technological state-of-art},\n\tshorttitle = {Heat treatment technologies in {Europe}: scientific background and technological state-of-art},\n\tauthor = {Militz, H.},\n\tyear = {2002},\n\tpages = {239--249},\n}\n\n
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\n  \n 2001\n \n \n (15)\n \n \n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Investigation on the yield and quality of sliced veneer produced from beech trees (Fagus sylvatica L.) containing red heartwood.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Hapla, F.; Meggers, L.; and Militz, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In March 2001. \n \n\n\n\n
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\n 
@inproceedings{hapla_investigation_2001,\n\ttitle = {Investigation on the yield and quality of sliced veneer produced from beech trees ({Fagus} sylvatica {L}.) containing red heartwood},\n\tshorttitle = {Investigation on the yield and quality of sliced veneer produced from beech trees ({Fagus} sylvatica {L}.) containing red heartwood},\n\tauthor = {Hapla, F. and Meggers, L. and Militz, H.},\n\tmonth = mar,\n\tyear = {2001},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Rheological approach to the capillary penetration of coating into wood.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n De Meijer, M.; Van De Velde, B.; and Militz, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Journal of Coatings Technology, 73(914): 39–51. 2001.\n \n\n\n\n
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@article{de_meijer_rheological_2001,\n\ttitle = {Rheological approach to the capillary penetration of coating into wood},\n\tvolume = {73},\n\tissn = {0361-8773},\n\tshorttitle = {Rheological approach to the capillary penetration of coating into wood},\n\tnumber = {914},\n\tjournal = {Journal of Coatings Technology},\n\tauthor = {De Meijer, M. and Van De Velde, B. and Militz, H.},\n\tyear = {2001},\n\tpages = {39--51},\n\tfile = {art%3A10.1007%2FBF02698437:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\AFNU5TFH\\\\art%3A10.1007%2FBF02698437.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Moisture transport in coated wood. Part 2: Influence of coating type, film thickness, wood species, temperature and moisture gradient on kinetics of sorption and dimensional change.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n De Meijer, M.; and Militz, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Holz als Roh-und Werkstoff, 58(6): 467–475. 2001.\n \n\n\n\n
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@article{de_meijer_moisture_2001,\n\ttitle = {Moisture transport in coated wood. {Part} 2: {Influence} of coating type, film thickness, wood species, temperature and moisture gradient on kinetics of sorption and dimensional change},\n\tvolume = {58},\n\tissn = {0018-3768},\n\tshorttitle = {Moisture transport in coated wood. {Part} 2: {Influence} of coating type, film thickness, wood species, temperature and moisture gradient on kinetics of sorption and dimensional change},\n\tnumber = {6},\n\tjournal = {Holz als Roh-und Werkstoff},\n\tauthor = {De Meijer, M. and Militz, H.},\n\tyear = {2001},\n\tpages = {467--475},\n\tfile = {art%3A10.1007%2Fs001070050461:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\QTGGERUF\\\\art%3A10.1007%2Fs001070050461.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Quantitative measurements of capillary coating penetration in relation to wood and coating properties.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n De Meijer, M; Thurich, K.; and Militz, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n European Journal of Wood and Wood Products, 59(1): 35–45. 2001.\n \n\n\n\n
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@article{de_meijer_quantitative_2001,\n\ttitle = {Quantitative measurements of capillary coating penetration in relation to wood and coating properties},\n\tvolume = {59},\n\tissn = {0018-3768},\n\tshorttitle = {Quantitative measurements of capillary coating penetration in relation to wood and coating properties},\n\tnumber = {1},\n\tjournal = {European Journal of Wood and Wood Products},\n\tauthor = {De Meijer, M and Thurich, K. and Militz, H.},\n\tyear = {2001},\n\tpages = {35--45},\n\tfile = {art%3A10.1007%2Fs001070050469:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\6CSNNIUS\\\\art%3A10.1007%2Fs001070050469.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Oils and water repellents in wood preservation.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Militz, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In pages 65 Seiten, 2001. \n \n\n\n\n
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@inproceedings{militz_oils_2001,\n\ttitle = {Oils and water repellents in wood preservation},\n\tshorttitle = {Oils and water repellents in wood preservation},\n\tauthor = {Militz, H.},\n\tyear = {2001},\n\tpages = {65 Seiten},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n The use of an acoustic technique to assess wood decay in laboratory soil-bed tests.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Machek, L.; Militz, H.; and Sierra-Alvarez, R.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Wood Science and Technology, 34(6): 467–472. 2001.\n \n\n\n\n
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@article{machek_use_2001,\n\ttitle = {The use of an acoustic technique to assess wood decay in laboratory soil-bed tests},\n\tvolume = {34},\n\tissn = {0043-7719},\n\tshorttitle = {The use of an acoustic technique to assess wood decay in laboratory soil-bed tests},\n\tnumber = {6},\n\tjournal = {Wood Science and Technology},\n\tauthor = {Machek, L. and Militz, H. and Sierra-Alvarez, R.},\n\tyear = {2001},\n\tpages = {467--472},\n\tfile = {art%3A10.1007%2Fs002260000070:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\78RZIEMQ\\\\art%3A10.1007%2Fs002260000070.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n The influence of wood moisture content on dynamic modulus of elasticity measurements in durability testing.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Machek, L.; Militz, H.; and Sierra-Alvarez, R.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Holzforschung und Holzverwertung, 2001(5): 97–100. 2001.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@article{machek_influence_2001,\n\ttitle = {The influence of wood moisture content on dynamic modulus of elasticity measurements in durability testing},\n\tvolume = {2001},\n\tissn = {0018-3849},\n\tshorttitle = {The influence of wood moisture content on dynamic modulus of elasticity measurements in durability testing},\n\tnumber = {5},\n\tjournal = {Holzforschung und Holzverwertung},\n\tauthor = {Machek, L. and Militz, H. and Sierra-Alvarez, R.},\n\tyear = {2001},\n\tpages = {97--100},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Water repellency of some natural oils.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Van Eckeveld, A.; Homan, W. J.; and Militz, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In volume 22, 2001. \n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
\n 
@inproceedings{van_eckeveld_water_2001,\n\ttitle = {Water repellency of some natural oils},\n\tvolume = {22},\n\tshorttitle = {Water repellency of some natural oils},\n\tauthor = {Van Eckeveld, A. and Homan, W. J. and Militz, H.},\n\tyear = {2001},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Royal-treatment–scientific background and practical application.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Treu, A.; Militz, H.; and Breyne, S.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In volume 22, 2001. \n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
\n 
@inproceedings{treu_royal-treatmentscientific_2001,\n\ttitle = {Royal-treatment–scientific background and practical application},\n\tvolume = {22},\n\tshorttitle = {Royal-treatment–scientific background and practical application},\n\tauthor = {Treu, A. and Militz, H. and Breyne, S.},\n\tyear = {2001},\n\tfile = {royal_treatment_scientific_background_and_practical_application:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\PGQ3V292\\\\royal_treatment_scientific_background_and_practical_application.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Quantitative assessment of the penetration of water-borne and solvent-borne wood coatings in Scots pine sapwood.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Rijckaert, V.; Stevens, M.; Van Acker, J.; De Meijer, M.; and Militz, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n European Journal of Wood and Wood Products, 59(4): 278–287. 2001.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
\n 
@article{rijckaert_quantitative_2001,\n\ttitle = {Quantitative assessment of the penetration of water-borne and solvent-borne wood coatings in {Scots} pine sapwood},\n\tvolume = {59},\n\tissn = {0018-3768},\n\tshorttitle = {Quantitative assessment of the penetration of water-borne and solvent-borne wood coatings in {Scots} pine sapwood},\n\tnumber = {4},\n\tjournal = {European Journal of Wood and Wood Products},\n\tauthor = {Rijckaert, V. and Stevens, M. and Van Acker, J. and De Meijer, M. and Militz, H.},\n\tyear = {2001},\n\tpages = {278--287},\n\tfile = {art%3A10.1007%2Fs001070100208:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\GJ3B4MCJ\\\\art%3A10.1007%2Fs001070100208.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n On the importance of wood quality against the background of ecological silviculture. - Contemplation of relevant silvicultural mixed-stand systems.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Hapla, F.; and Militz, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In October 2001. \n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
\n 
@inproceedings{hapla_importance_2001,\n\ttitle = {On the importance of wood quality against the background of ecological silviculture. - {Contemplation} of relevant silvicultural mixed-stand systems},\n\tshorttitle = {On the importance of wood quality against the background of ecological silviculture. - {Contemplation} of relevant silvicultural mixed-stand systems},\n\tauthor = {Hapla, F. and Militz, H.},\n\tmonth = oct,\n\tyear = {2001},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Increasing the water repellency of Scots pine sapwood.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Van Eckeveld, A.; Homan, W. J.; and Militz, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Holzforschung und Holzverwertung, 53(6): 113–115. 2001.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
\n 
@article{van_eckeveld_increasing_2001,\n\ttitle = {Increasing the water repellency of {Scots} pine sapwood},\n\tvolume = {53},\n\tissn = {0018-3849},\n\tshorttitle = {Increasing the water repellency of {Scots} pine sapwood},\n\tnumber = {6},\n\tjournal = {Holzforschung und Holzverwertung},\n\tauthor = {Van Eckeveld, A. and Homan, W. J. and Militz, H.},\n\tyear = {2001},\n\tpages = {113--115},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Increasing the water repellency of Scots pine sapwood.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Eckeveld, A. v.; Homan, W. J.; and Militz, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Holzforschung und Holzverwertung, 53(6): 113–115. 2001.\n Publisher: Oesterreichische Gesllschaft fuer Holzforschung\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n \"IncreasingPaper\n  \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@article{eckeveld_increasing_2001,\n\ttitle = {Increasing the water repellency of {Scots} pine sapwood.},\n\tvolume = {53},\n\tissn = {0018-3849},\n\turl = {https://research.wur.nl/en/publications/increasing-the-water-repellency-of-scots-pine-sapwood},\n\tlanguage = {English},\n\tnumber = {6},\n\turldate = {2024-01-16},\n\tjournal = {Holzforschung und Holzverwertung},\n\tauthor = {Eckeveld, A. van and Homan, W. J. and Militz, H.},\n\tyear = {2001},\n\tnote = {Publisher: Oesterreichische Gesllschaft fuer Holzforschung},\n\tpages = {113--115},\n\tfile = {Snapshot:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\2JVZZ8C6\\\\increasing-the-water-repellency-of-scots-pine-sapwood.html:text/html},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Rheological approach to the capillary penetration of coating into wood.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n de Meijer, M.; van de Velde, B.; and Militz, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Journal of Coatings Technology, 73(914): 39–51. March 2001.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n \"RheologicalPaper\n  \n \n\n \n \n doi\n  \n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n  \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
\n 
@article{de_meijer_rheological_2001-1,\n\ttitle = {Rheological approach to the capillary penetration of coating into wood},\n\tvolume = {73},\n\tissn = {1935-3804},\n\turl = {https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02698437},\n\tdoi = {10.1007/BF02698437},\n\tabstract = {The penetration of water- and solventborne binders into the capillaries of wood was studied as a function of the viscosity, surface tension, and capillary pressure according to the Washburn equation.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {914},\n\turldate = {2024-01-16},\n\tjournal = {Journal of Coatings Technology},\n\tauthor = {de Meijer, Mari and van de Velde, Barend and Militz, Holger},\n\tmonth = mar,\n\tyear = {2001},\n\tkeywords = {Contact Angle, Critical Micelle Concentration, Evaporation Rate, Shear Rate, Surfactant},\n\tpages = {39--51},\n\tfile = {Full Text PDF:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\3DI9R6EI\\\\de Meijer et al. - 2001 - Rheological approach to the capillary penetration .pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n The penetration of water- and solventborne binders into the capillaries of wood was studied as a function of the viscosity, surface tension, and capillary pressure according to the Washburn equation.\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Quantitative measurements of capillary coating penetration in relation to wood and coating properties.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n de Meijer, M.; Thurich, K.; and Militz, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Holz als Roh- und Werkstoff, 59(1): 35–45. April 2001.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n \"QuantitativePaper\n  \n \n\n \n \n doi\n  \n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@article{de_meijer_quantitative_2001-1,\n\ttitle = {Quantitative measurements of capillary coating penetration in relation to wood and coating properties},\n\tvolume = {59},\n\tissn = {1436-736X},\n\turl = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s001070050469},\n\tdoi = {10.1007/s001070050469},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {1},\n\turldate = {2024-01-16},\n\tjournal = {Holz als Roh- und Werkstoff},\n\tauthor = {de Meijer, Mari and Thurich, Katharina and Militz, Holger},\n\tmonth = apr,\n\tyear = {2001},\n\tkeywords = {Timber, Capillary Coating, Coating Property, Quantitative Measurement, Science Group},\n\tpages = {35--45},\n\tfile = {Full Text PDF:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\UCIXRIIP\\\\de Meijer et al. - 2001 - Quantitative measurements of capillary coating pen.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n  \n 2000\n \n \n (7)\n \n \n
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\n \n \n
\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Wood modification towards practical application. A european perspective.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Militz, H.; and van Acker, J.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In pages 223–240, May 2000. \n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@inproceedings{militz_wood_2000,\n\ttitle = {Wood modification towards practical application. {A} european perspective},\n\tshorttitle = {Wood modification towards practical application. {A} european perspective},\n\tauthor = {Militz, H. and van Acker, J.},\n\tmonth = may,\n\tyear = {2000},\n\tpages = {223--240},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Adhesion of low-VOC coatings on wood: a quantitative analysis.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n De Meijer, M.; and Militz, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n De Verfkroniek, 72(4): 25–30. 2000.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
\n 
@article{de_meijer_adhesion_2000,\n\ttitle = {Adhesion of low-{VOC} coatings on wood: a quantitative analysis},\n\tvolume = {72},\n\tissn = {0042-3904},\n\tshorttitle = {Adhesion of low-{VOC} coatings on wood: a quantitative analysis},\n\tnumber = {4},\n\tjournal = {De Verfkroniek},\n\tauthor = {De Meijer, M. and Militz, H.},\n\tyear = {2000},\n\tpages = {25--30},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Heat treatment of wood by the “PLATO-Process”.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Militz, H.; and Tjeerdsma, B.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In 2000. \n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
\n 
@inproceedings{militz_heat_2000,\n\ttitle = {Heat treatment of wood by the “{PLATO}-{Process}”},\n\tshorttitle = {Heat treatment of wood by the “{PLATO}-{Process}”},\n\tauthor = {Militz, H. and Tjeerdsma, B.},\n\tyear = {2000},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Alternative Schutz- und Behandlungsverfahren.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Militz, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In pages 139–152, October 2000. Deutsche Gesellschaft für Holzforschung (DGfH)\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
\n 
@inproceedings{militz_alternative_2000,\n\ttitle = {Alternative {Schutz}- und {Behandlungsverfahren}},\n\tshorttitle = {Alternative {Schutz}- und {Behandlungsverfahren}},\n\tpublisher = {Deutsche Gesellschaft für Holzforschung (DGfH)},\n\tauthor = {Militz, H.},\n\tmonth = oct,\n\tyear = {2000},\n\tpages = {139--152},\n\tfile = {19_Alternative Schutz- und Behandlungsverfahren:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\PRS54FMT\\\\19_Alternative Schutz- und Behandlungsverfahren.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Preventing light induced degradation of wood by acetylation: A study on lignin and lignin model compounds.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Sundell, P.; De Meijer, M.; and Militz, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In 2000. \n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
\n 
@inproceedings{sundell_preventing_2000,\n\ttitle = {Preventing light induced degradation of wood by acetylation: {A} study on lignin and lignin model compounds},\n\tshorttitle = {Preventing light induced degradation of wood by acetylation: {A} study on lignin and lignin model compounds},\n\tauthor = {Sundell, P. and De Meijer, M. and Militz, H.},\n\tyear = {2000},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Moisture transport in coated wood. Part 1: Analysis of sorption rates and moisture content profiles in spruce during liquid water uptake.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n de Meijer, M.; and Militz, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Holz als Roh- und Werkstoff, 58(5): 354–362. December 2000.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n \"MoisturePaper\n  \n \n\n \n \n doi\n  \n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n  \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
\n 
@article{de_meijer_moisture_2000,\n\ttitle = {Moisture transport in coated wood. {Part} 1: {Analysis} of sorption rates and moisture content profiles in spruce during liquid water uptake},\n\tvolume = {58},\n\tissn = {1436-736X},\n\tshorttitle = {Moisture transport in coated wood. {Part} 1},\n\turl = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s001070050445},\n\tdoi = {10.1007/s001070050445},\n\tabstract = {m s−2 depending on the surface treatment. These diffusivities were however, not suitable to predict the moisture content profiles in the coated wood, which showed a strong increase close to the surface. The most accurate prediction of the moisture content profile was based on the changing surface concentration and the diffusion coefficient from sorption data of uncoated wood. In general, diffusion seemed to be the most important factor in the transport of water. Capillary flow of water only influenced the sorption very close to the surface of the wood. This aspect became more important for uncoated wood.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {5},\n\turldate = {2024-01-16},\n\tjournal = {Holz als Roh- und Werkstoff},\n\tauthor = {de Meijer, M. and Militz, H.},\n\tmonth = dec,\n\tyear = {2000},\n\tkeywords = {Diffusion Coefficient, Accurate Prediction, Liquid Water, Surface Treatment, Water Uptake},\n\tpages = {354--362},\n\tfile = {Full Text PDF:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\SB4K3RY4\\\\de Meijer and Militz - 2000 - Moisture transport in coated wood. Part 1 Analysi.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n m s−2 depending on the surface treatment. These diffusivities were however, not suitable to predict the moisture content profiles in the coated wood, which showed a strong increase close to the surface. The most accurate prediction of the moisture content profile was based on the changing surface concentration and the diffusion coefficient from sorption data of uncoated wood. In general, diffusion seemed to be the most important factor in the transport of water. Capillary flow of water only influenced the sorption very close to the surface of the wood. This aspect became more important for uncoated wood.\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Wet adhesion of low-VOC coatings on wood: A quantitative analysis.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n de Meijer, M.; and Militz, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Progress in Organic Coatings, 38(3): 223–240. June 2000.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n \"WetPaper\n  \n \n\n \n \n doi\n  \n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n  \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@article{de_meijer_wet_2000,\n\ttitle = {Wet adhesion of low-{VOC} coatings on wood: {A} quantitative analysis},\n\tvolume = {38},\n\tissn = {0300-9440},\n\tshorttitle = {Wet adhesion of low-{VOC} coatings on wood},\n\turl = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0300944000001089},\n\tdoi = {10.1016/S0300-9440(00)00108-9},\n\tabstract = {Adhesion of coatings on wood is most critical under wet conditions. However, the mechanisms controlling the adhesion are not well understood. Therefore, a quantitative analysis of coating adhesion on wood is needed. A new technique is presented to measure the wet adhesion quantitatively based on measuring the forces needed to peel the coating from the wood with a tape. Differences in peel forces corresponded to areas in the wood with a lower or a higher degree of coating penetration. Coatings with better penetration and substrate wetting showed an improved adhesion and the better adhering coatings had an increased level of cohesive failure in the coating. Chemical analysis of the air-faced and wood-faced side of the coatings showed differences in chemical composition. The stored strain energy due to hygroscopic stress could reduce the actual level of adhesion significantly. Surface energy effects did not contribute to reduced adhesion after exposure to water. The interfacial work of adhesion between coating and wood was very much lower than the measured force and lacked correlation with measured differences in adhesion. Therefore, it can be concluded that mechanical anchoring plays a dominant role in obtaining good adhesion of a coating on wood.},\n\tnumber = {3},\n\turldate = {2024-01-16},\n\tjournal = {Progress in Organic Coatings},\n\tauthor = {de Meijer, M. and Militz, H.},\n\tmonth = jun,\n\tyear = {2000},\n\tkeywords = {Wood, Low-VOC coatings, Peel strength, Stress, Surface energy, Wet adhesion},\n\tpages = {223--240},\n\tfile = {ScienceDirect Snapshot:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\Y7R95S64\\\\S0300944000001089.html:text/html},\n}\n\n
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\n\n\n
\n Adhesion of coatings on wood is most critical under wet conditions. However, the mechanisms controlling the adhesion are not well understood. Therefore, a quantitative analysis of coating adhesion on wood is needed. A new technique is presented to measure the wet adhesion quantitatively based on measuring the forces needed to peel the coating from the wood with a tape. Differences in peel forces corresponded to areas in the wood with a lower or a higher degree of coating penetration. Coatings with better penetration and substrate wetting showed an improved adhesion and the better adhering coatings had an increased level of cohesive failure in the coating. Chemical analysis of the air-faced and wood-faced side of the coatings showed differences in chemical composition. The stored strain energy due to hygroscopic stress could reduce the actual level of adhesion significantly. Surface energy effects did not contribute to reduced adhesion after exposure to water. The interfacial work of adhesion between coating and wood was very much lower than the measured force and lacked correlation with measured differences in adhesion. Therefore, it can be concluded that mechanical anchoring plays a dominant role in obtaining good adhesion of a coating on wood.\n
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\n  \n 1999\n \n \n (3)\n \n \n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n The wood of Metasequoia glyptostroboides (Hu et Cheng) of Dutch origin.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Polman, J. E.; Michon, S. G. L.; Militz, H.; and Helmink, A. T. F.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Holz als Roh- und Werkstoff, 57(3): 215–221. June 1999.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n \"ThePaper\n  \n \n\n \n \n doi\n  \n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n  \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@article{polman_wood_1999,\n\ttitle = {The wood of {Metasequoia} glyptostroboides ({Hu} et {Cheng}) of {Dutch} origin},\n\tvolume = {57},\n\tissn = {1436-736X},\n\turl = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s001070050044},\n\tdoi = {10.1007/s001070050044},\n\tabstract = {previously known from fossil material was discovered as a living tree in the early 1940s in southeast China. The first seeds were received in 1948 in the Netherlands and the first plants were planted in 1957. The research on this species started in the beginning of the 1960s. The aim of the research was to investigate its possible use in forestry as a good alternative for other species. In 1967 an overview of the first experiences on Metasequoia glyptostroboides in the Netherlands was given. Research on the growth and habitus of the different clonals was done in 1992. In this study, the wood was examined regarding anatomical characteristics, physical-mechanical and chemical properties as well as durability. A total of 23 trees from two different stands was selected for this purpose. The data of the different properties were compared with those of Metasequoia glyptostroboides grown in other countries and other commercial softwood species. The average fibre length proved to be longer than the British data but shorter than the fibres measured on a specimen of Metasequoia from China. Strength properties and density gave lower values compared to data of Metasequoia from other countries and commercial species. The tangential swelling and shrinkage was relatively high. With respect to the chemical composition, the difference in the extractive substances of heartwood and sapwood was remarkable. The durability tests showed higher durability for Metasequoia heartwood than for Scots pine and Douglas fir. Presently, timber of the young plantation-grown Metasequoia is not of high commercial interest in the Netherlands. However, considering its production and good silvicultural treatment, the species might be of interest as a source of plantation grown softwood.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {3},\n\turldate = {2024-01-16},\n\tjournal = {Holz als Roh- und Werkstoff},\n\tauthor = {Polman, J. E. and Michon, S. G. L. and Militz, H. and Helmink, A. T. F.},\n\tmonth = jun,\n\tyear = {1999},\n\tkeywords = {Timber, Average Fibre, Fibre Length, High Durability, Shrinkage},\n\tpages = {215--221},\n\tfile = {Full Text PDF:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\KEFXRWJ7\\\\Polman et al. - 1999 - The wood of Metasequoia glyptostroboides (Hu et Ch.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
\n
\n\n\n
\n previously known from fossil material was discovered as a living tree in the early 1940s in southeast China. The first seeds were received in 1948 in the Netherlands and the first plants were planted in 1957. The research on this species started in the beginning of the 1960s. The aim of the research was to investigate its possible use in forestry as a good alternative for other species. In 1967 an overview of the first experiences on Metasequoia glyptostroboides in the Netherlands was given. Research on the growth and habitus of the different clonals was done in 1992. In this study, the wood was examined regarding anatomical characteristics, physical-mechanical and chemical properties as well as durability. A total of 23 trees from two different stands was selected for this purpose. The data of the different properties were compared with those of Metasequoia glyptostroboides grown in other countries and other commercial softwood species. The average fibre length proved to be longer than the British data but shorter than the fibres measured on a specimen of Metasequoia from China. Strength properties and density gave lower values compared to data of Metasequoia from other countries and commercial species. The tangential swelling and shrinkage was relatively high. With respect to the chemical composition, the difference in the extractive substances of heartwood and sapwood was remarkable. The durability tests showed higher durability for Metasequoia heartwood than for Scots pine and Douglas fir. Presently, timber of the young plantation-grown Metasequoia is not of high commercial interest in the Netherlands. However, considering its production and good silvicultural treatment, the species might be of interest as a source of plantation grown softwood.\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Sorption Behaviour and Dimensional Changes of Wood-Coating Composites.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Meijer, M. d.; and Militz, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Holzforschung, 53(5): 553–560. September 1999.\n Publisher: De Gruyter Section: Holzforschung\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n \"SorptionPaper\n  \n \n\n \n \n doi\n  \n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n  \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
\n 
@article{meijer_sorption_1999,\n\ttitle = {Sorption {Behaviour} and {Dimensional} {Changes} of {Wood}-{Coating} {Composites}},\n\tvolume = {53},\n\tcopyright = {De Gruyter expressly reserves the right to use all content for commercial text and data mining within the meaning of Section 44b of the German Copyright Act.},\n\tissn = {1437-434X},\n\turl = {https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/HF.1999.091/html?lang=en},\n\tdoi = {10.1515/HF.1999.091},\n\tabstract = {The moisture related properties of wood-coating composites have been studied to evaluate the influence of coating penetration on the protection of wood against moisture. Pine sapwood samples were vacuum-impregnated with 7 pigmented and unpigmented coatings, both water and solvent borne. The retention and void filling of the coating have been determined. After drying, the samples were exposed to relative humidities between 33 and 98 \\% and to liquid water and equilibrium moisture content and dimensional changes were measured. The rate of swelling and moisture sorption has been measured, the latter was also used to calculate diffusion coefficients. The sorption isotherms were analysed by the Hailwood-Horrobin equation. In order to obtain additional information on the hygroscopicity of coatings, similar measurement were made on free coating films. The void filling of wood with coating material has the strongest impact on the uptake of liquid water. A limited reduction was observed for the equilibrium moisture content, the diffusion coefficient during adsorption and the rate of dimensional change. No influence on the equilibrium swelling have been found but the shrinkage during desorption was however often slightly increased for the wood-coating composites. The limited impact of the penetrated coating on moisture related properties can to a large extent be explained by the low void filling after drying (20–60\\%) and the relatively high moisture sorption and swelling of the coating film itself. In general, it can be concluded that the moisture protection of penetrated coating material is low in comparison to coating applied as a film on the surface of wood.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {5},\n\turldate = {2024-01-16},\n\tjournal = {Holzforschung},\n\tauthor = {Meijer, Mari de and Militz, Holger},\n\tmonth = sep,\n\tyear = {1999},\n\tnote = {Publisher: De Gruyter\nSection: Holzforschung},\n\tpages = {553--560},\n\tfile = {Full Text PDF:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\DSBDBEVX\\\\Meijer and Militz - 1999 - Sorption Behaviour and Dimensional Changes of Wood.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
\n
\n\n\n
\n The moisture related properties of wood-coating composites have been studied to evaluate the influence of coating penetration on the protection of wood against moisture. Pine sapwood samples were vacuum-impregnated with 7 pigmented and unpigmented coatings, both water and solvent borne. The retention and void filling of the coating have been determined. After drying, the samples were exposed to relative humidities between 33 and 98 % and to liquid water and equilibrium moisture content and dimensional changes were measured. The rate of swelling and moisture sorption has been measured, the latter was also used to calculate diffusion coefficients. The sorption isotherms were analysed by the Hailwood-Horrobin equation. In order to obtain additional information on the hygroscopicity of coatings, similar measurement were made on free coating films. The void filling of wood with coating material has the strongest impact on the uptake of liquid water. A limited reduction was observed for the equilibrium moisture content, the diffusion coefficient during adsorption and the rate of dimensional change. No influence on the equilibrium swelling have been found but the shrinkage during desorption was however often slightly increased for the wood-coating composites. The limited impact of the penetrated coating on moisture related properties can to a large extent be explained by the low void filling after drying (20–60%) and the relatively high moisture sorption and swelling of the coating film itself. In general, it can be concluded that the moisture protection of penetrated coating material is low in comparison to coating applied as a film on the surface of wood.\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n The Significance of Accelerated Laboratory Testing Methods Determining the Natural Durability of Wood.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Acker, J. V.; Militz, H.; and Stevens, M.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Holzforschung, 53(5): 449–458. September 1999.\n Publisher: De Gruyter Section: Holzforschung\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n \"ThePaper\n  \n \n\n \n \n doi\n  \n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n  \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
\n 
@article{acker_significance_1999,\n\ttitle = {The {Significance} of {Accelerated} {Laboratory} {Testing} {Methods} {Determining} the {Natural} {Durability} of {Wood}},\n\tvolume = {53},\n\tcopyright = {De Gruyter expressly reserves the right to use all content for commercial text and data mining within the meaning of Section 44b of the German Copyright Act.},\n\tissn = {1437-434X},\n\turl = {https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/HF.1999.075/html?lang=en},\n\tdoi = {10.1515/HF.1999.075},\n\tabstract = {Under laboratory conditions basidiomycete and soft rot tests were carried out on more than 20 hardwood species and 3 softwood species together with reference species to evaluate their natural durability according to the European standard EN 350 part 1. The basidiomycetes tests were carried out using Gloeophyllum trabeum, Coniophora puteana, Poria placenta and Coriolus versicolor , all fungal strains in malt agar tests and in agreement with the EN 113. Such tests did not provide a solid basis to classify all wood species according to known durability classes (EN 350, part 2). There was only a distinct differentiation noted between those species belonging to the group with a durability classified 1 to 3 and those classified 4 to 5. Conclusively, only limited additional information on durability of tropical hardwoods was gained from brown rot tests. Despite both types of laboratory tests on soft rot, prescribed in ENV 807 (vermiculite and soil) which show the essential differences to the basidiomycete test results, it has not been possible to classify the durability subdivisions in a more substantial way. Adding to these tests the durability classification, based upon a field stake test (EN 252) and a greenhouse accelerated stake test, was also carried out. Using this last method, results can be gathered more rapidly and consequently confirm the efficiency of lab tests. Generally it is perceived that lab tests and accelerated tests are important tools in the prediction of the natural durability of wood. To further improve the predictability value, durability testing would be enhanced when using a hazard class orientation. Therefore the function of the conclusive end product can be identified in a more obvious way.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {5},\n\turldate = {2024-01-16},\n\tjournal = {Holzforschung},\n\tauthor = {Acker, J. Van and Militz, H. and Stevens, M.},\n\tmonth = sep,\n\tyear = {1999},\n\tnote = {Publisher: De Gruyter\nSection: Holzforschung},\n\tpages = {449--458},\n\tfile = {Full Text PDF:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\PFIFA9UQ\\\\Acker et al. - 1999 - The Significance of Accelerated Laboratory Testing.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
\n
\n\n\n
\n Under laboratory conditions basidiomycete and soft rot tests were carried out on more than 20 hardwood species and 3 softwood species together with reference species to evaluate their natural durability according to the European standard EN 350 part 1. The basidiomycetes tests were carried out using Gloeophyllum trabeum, Coniophora puteana, Poria placenta and Coriolus versicolor , all fungal strains in malt agar tests and in agreement with the EN 113. Such tests did not provide a solid basis to classify all wood species according to known durability classes (EN 350, part 2). There was only a distinct differentiation noted between those species belonging to the group with a durability classified 1 to 3 and those classified 4 to 5. Conclusively, only limited additional information on durability of tropical hardwoods was gained from brown rot tests. Despite both types of laboratory tests on soft rot, prescribed in ENV 807 (vermiculite and soil) which show the essential differences to the basidiomycete test results, it has not been possible to classify the durability subdivisions in a more substantial way. Adding to these tests the durability classification, based upon a field stake test (EN 252) and a greenhouse accelerated stake test, was also carried out. Using this last method, results can be gathered more rapidly and consequently confirm the efficiency of lab tests. Generally it is perceived that lab tests and accelerated tests are important tools in the prediction of the natural durability of wood. To further improve the predictability value, durability testing would be enhanced when using a hazard class orientation. Therefore the function of the conclusive end product can be identified in a more obvious way.\n
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\n  \n 1998\n \n \n (4)\n \n \n
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\n \n \n
\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Characterisation of thermally modified wood: molecular reasons for wood performance improvement.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Tjeerdsma, B. F.; Boonstra, M.; Pizzi, A.; Tekely, P.; and Militz, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Holz als Roh- und Werkstoff, 56(3): 149–153. May 1998.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n \"CharacterisationPaper\n  \n \n\n \n \n doi\n  \n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n  \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
\n 
@article{tjeerdsma_characterisation_1998,\n\ttitle = {Characterisation of thermally modified wood: molecular reasons for wood performance improvement},\n\tvolume = {56},\n\tissn = {1436-736X},\n\tshorttitle = {Characterisation of thermally modified wood},\n\turl = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s001070050287},\n\tdoi = {10.1007/s001070050287},\n\tabstract = {Relatively mild thermal treatments of wood according to a two step process which leads to improved dimensional stability and improved timber performance were investigated by solid phase CP-MAS 13C-NMR to understand at molecular level the reasons for the improvements reported. All the occurrences described appear to be the consequence of reactions which are known in wood chemistry. These are the formation of acetic acid liberated from the hemicelluloses, which further catalyses carbohydrates cleavage, causing a reduction of degree of polymerisation of the carbohydrates. Acid catalysed degradation results in the formation of formaldehyde, furfural and other aldehydes as well as some lignin cleavage at Cα and O4 and believed to cause some aldehyde production from lignin units Cγ, all occurring in the first reaction step. Lignin autocondensation through the cleaved, positively charged benzylic Cα to form some methylene bridges presumably starts already to occur in this first phase. The increase in the number of free reactive sites on the aromatic ring of some lignin units already occurs in this phase but continues into the next.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {3},\n\turldate = {2024-01-16},\n\tjournal = {Holz als Roh- und Werkstoff},\n\tauthor = {Tjeerdsma, B. F. and Boonstra, M. and Pizzi, A. and Tekely, P. and Militz, H.},\n\tmonth = may,\n\tyear = {1998},\n\tkeywords = {Lignin, Aromatic Nucleus, Equilibrium Moisture Content, Furfural, Methylene Bridge},\n\tpages = {149--153},\n\tfile = {Full Text PDF:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\KBXHPLKN\\\\Tjeerdsma et al. - 1998 - Characterisation of thermally modified wood molec.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
\n
\n\n\n
\n Relatively mild thermal treatments of wood according to a two step process which leads to improved dimensional stability and improved timber performance were investigated by solid phase CP-MAS 13C-NMR to understand at molecular level the reasons for the improvements reported. All the occurrences described appear to be the consequence of reactions which are known in wood chemistry. These are the formation of acetic acid liberated from the hemicelluloses, which further catalyses carbohydrates cleavage, causing a reduction of degree of polymerisation of the carbohydrates. Acid catalysed degradation results in the formation of formaldehyde, furfural and other aldehydes as well as some lignin cleavage at Cα and O4 and believed to cause some aldehyde production from lignin units Cγ, all occurring in the first reaction step. Lignin autocondensation through the cleaved, positively charged benzylic Cα to form some methylene bridges presumably starts already to occur in this first phase. The increase in the number of free reactive sites on the aromatic ring of some lignin units already occurs in this phase but continues into the next.\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Wet adhesion measurements of wood coatings.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n De Meijer, M.; and Militz, N.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Holz als Roh- und Werkstoff, 56(5): 306–306. September 1998.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n \"WetPaper\n  \n \n\n \n \n doi\n  \n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
\n 
@article{de_meijer_wet_1998,\n\ttitle = {Wet adhesion measurements of wood coatings},\n\tvolume = {56},\n\tissn = {0018-3768, 1436-736X},\n\turl = {http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s001070050324},\n\tdoi = {10.1007/s001070050324},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {5},\n\turldate = {2024-01-16},\n\tjournal = {Holz als Roh- und Werkstoff},\n\tauthor = {De Meijer, M. and Militz, N.},\n\tmonth = sep,\n\tyear = {1998},\n\tpages = {306--306},\n\tfile = {De Meijer and Militz - 1998 - Wet adhesion measurements of wood coatings.pdf:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\FDEWU6GR\\\\De Meijer and Militz - 1998 - Wet adhesion measurements of wood coatings.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Comparative study on penetration characteristics of modern wood coatings.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n de Meijer, M.; Thurich, K.; and Militz, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Wood Science and Technology, 32(5): 347–365. October 1998.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n \"ComparativePaper\n  \n \n\n \n \n doi\n  \n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n  \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
\n 
@article{de_meijer_comparative_1998,\n\ttitle = {Comparative study on penetration characteristics of modern wood coatings},\n\tvolume = {32},\n\tissn = {1432-5225},\n\turl = {https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00702791},\n\tdoi = {10.1007/BF00702791},\n\tabstract = {The penetration characteristics of five modern wood coatings (three waterborne, one high solid and one solvent borne) into pine sapwood, spruce and dark red meranti have been systematically compared. The degree of coating penetration is mainly determined by the ability of the coating to flow into wood capillaries. Binder type, pigmentation, solid matter content and drying speed appeared to influence this ability. In softwoods the following different coating penetration routes are observed: the flow into open ends of longitudinal early-and latewood tracheids, the flow into ray cells and the transport from rays through the cross-field into longitudinal tracheids adjacent to rays. The possibility for the coating to follow the latter route is strongly influenced by the existing type of cross field pitting and to a lesser degree by the pigmentation of the paint. Clear differences between pine and spruce have been found with respect to the flow into ray parenchym and ray tracheids. The flow into open ends of longitudinal tracheids is strongly influenced by the grain angle of tracheids. Penetration into dark red meranti is mainly limited to vessels and rays. Tylose membranes can prevent the complete filling of vessels. The impact on penetration of the removal of extractives and of sanding of the surface has also been studied but appears to be of only minor importance.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {5},\n\turldate = {2024-01-16},\n\tjournal = {Wood Science and Technology},\n\tauthor = {de Meijer, M. and Thurich, K. and Militz, H.},\n\tmonth = oct,\n\tyear = {1998},\n\tkeywords = {Binder Type, Complete Filling, Matter Content, Minor Importance, Solid Matter},\n\tpages = {347--365},\n\tfile = {Full Text PDF:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\758WUEL8\\\\de Meijer et al. - 1998 - Comparative study on penetration characteristics o.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
\n
\n\n\n
\n The penetration characteristics of five modern wood coatings (three waterborne, one high solid and one solvent borne) into pine sapwood, spruce and dark red meranti have been systematically compared. The degree of coating penetration is mainly determined by the ability of the coating to flow into wood capillaries. Binder type, pigmentation, solid matter content and drying speed appeared to influence this ability. In softwoods the following different coating penetration routes are observed: the flow into open ends of longitudinal early-and latewood tracheids, the flow into ray cells and the transport from rays through the cross-field into longitudinal tracheids adjacent to rays. The possibility for the coating to follow the latter route is strongly influenced by the existing type of cross field pitting and to a lesser degree by the pigmentation of the paint. Clear differences between pine and spruce have been found with respect to the flow into ray parenchym and ray tracheids. The flow into open ends of longitudinal tracheids is strongly influenced by the grain angle of tracheids. Penetration into dark red meranti is mainly limited to vessels and rays. Tylose membranes can prevent the complete filling of vessels. The impact on penetration of the removal of extractives and of sanding of the surface has also been studied but appears to be of only minor importance.\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Performance of finishes on wood that is chemically modified by acetylation.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Beckers, E. P. J.; de Meijer, M.; Militz, H.; and Stevens, M.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Journal of Coatings Technology, 70(878): 59–67. March 1998.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n \"PerformancePaper\n  \n \n\n \n \n doi\n  \n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n  \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
\n 
@article{beckers_performance_1998,\n\ttitle = {Performance of finishes on wood that is chemically modified by acetylation},\n\tvolume = {70},\n\tissn = {1935-3804},\n\turl = {https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02697812},\n\tdoi = {10.1007/BF02697812},\n\tabstract = {Swelling and shrinkage of wood has a major effect on the performance of coatings applied to its surface. Altering the molecular structure of wood by a reaction with acetic anhydride is known to improve the dimensional stability of wood considerably. Such acetylation of wood was shown to have no effect on the drying characteristics and adhesion of applied coatings. Weathering performance of coatings was improved considerably. A color stabilizing effect was achieved with acetylated Scots pine with and without a clearcoating.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {878},\n\turldate = {2024-01-16},\n\tjournal = {Journal of Coatings Technology},\n\tauthor = {Beckers, E. P. J. and de Meijer, M. and Militz, H. and Stevens, M.},\n\tmonth = mar,\n\tyear = {1998},\n\tkeywords = {Anhydride, Timber, Weathering, Drying, Xenon},\n\tpages = {59--67},\n\tfile = {Full Text PDF:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\28P2KXZF\\\\Beckers et al. - 1998 - Performance of finishes on wood that is chemically.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
\n
\n\n\n
\n Swelling and shrinkage of wood has a major effect on the performance of coatings applied to its surface. Altering the molecular structure of wood by a reaction with acetic anhydride is known to improve the dimensional stability of wood considerably. Such acetylation of wood was shown to have no effect on the drying characteristics and adhesion of applied coatings. Weathering performance of coatings was improved considerably. A color stabilizing effect was achieved with acetylated Scots pine with and without a clearcoating.\n
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\n  \n 1996\n \n \n (2)\n \n \n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Unsteady-State Diffusion of Methanol in Douglas-fir Heartwood at High Temperatures.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Meijer, M. d.; Zwan, R. P. v. d.; and Militz, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Holzforschung, 50(2): 135–143. January 1996.\n Publisher: De Gruyter Section: Holzforschung\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n \"Unsteady-StatePaper\n  \n \n\n \n \n doi\n  \n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n  \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
\n 
@article{meijer_unsteady-state_1996,\n\ttitle = {Unsteady-{State} {Diffusion} of {Methanol} in {Douglas}-fir {Heartwood} at {High} {Temperatures}},\n\tvolume = {50},\n\tcopyright = {De Gruyter expressly reserves the right to use all content for commercial text and data mining within the meaning of Section 44b of the German Copyright Act.},\n\tissn = {1437-434X},\n\turl = {https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/hfsg.1996.50.2.135/pdf},\n\tdoi = {10.1515/hfsg.1996.50.2.135},\n\tabstract = {Article Unsteady-State Diffusion of Methanol in Douglas-fir Heartwood at High Temperatures was published on January 1, 1996 in the journal Holzforschung (volume 50, issue 2).},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {2},\n\turldate = {2024-01-16},\n\tjournal = {Holzforschung},\n\tauthor = {Meijer, Mari de and Zwan, Rick P. van der and Militz, Holger},\n\tmonth = jan,\n\tyear = {1996},\n\tnote = {Publisher: De Gruyter\nSection: Holzforschung},\n\tpages = {135--143},\n}\n\n
\n
\n\n\n
\n Article Unsteady-State Diffusion of Methanol in Douglas-fir Heartwood at High Temperatures was published on January 1, 1996 in the journal Holzforschung (volume 50, issue 2).\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Wood quality of Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb) Franco) from three stands in the Netherlands.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Polman, J. E.; and Militz, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Annales des Sciences Forestières, 53(6): 1127–1136. 1996.\n Publisher: EDP Sciences\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n \"WoodPaper\n  \n \n\n \n \n doi\n  \n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n  \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
\n 
@article{polman_wood_1996,\n\ttitle = {Wood quality of {Douglas} fir ({Pseudotsuga} menziesii ({Mirb}) {Franco}) from three stands in the {Netherlands}},\n\tvolume = {53},\n\tcopyright = {Inra, Elsevier},\n\tissn = {0003-4312, 1878-6545},\n\turl = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/forest:19960607},\n\tdoi = {10.1051/forest:19960607},\n\tabstract = {Annals of Forest Science, is a source of information about current developments and trends in forest research and forestry},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {6},\n\turldate = {2024-01-16},\n\tjournal = {Annales des Sciences Forestières},\n\tauthor = {Polman, J. E. and Militz, H.},\n\tyear = {1996},\n\tnote = {Publisher: EDP Sciences},\n\tpages = {1127--1136},\n\tfile = {Full Text PDF:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\XGV7ZPL4\\\\Polman and Militz - 1996 - Wood quality of Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
\n
\n\n\n
\n Annals of Forest Science, is a source of information about current developments and trends in forest research and forestry\n
\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n\n\n
\n
\n\n
\n
\n  \n 1994\n \n \n (2)\n \n \n
\n
\n \n \n
\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Bioassaying combinations of wood preservatives and tannins withPoria placenta andAspergillus niger.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Militz, H.; and Homan, W. J.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Holz als Roh- und Werkstoff, 52(1): 28–32. February 1994.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n \"BioassayingPaper\n  \n \n\n \n \n doi\n  \n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n  \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
\n 
@article{militz_bioassaying_1994,\n\ttitle = {Bioassaying combinations of wood preservatives and tannins {withPoria} placenta {andAspergillus} niger},\n\tvolume = {52},\n\tissn = {1436-736X},\n\turl = {https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02615013},\n\tdoi = {10.1007/BF02615013},\n\tabstract = {With “new” preservatives it is convenient to be able to screen their efficacy before time consuming and expensive fungi tests are carried out. For a fast screening of preservatives, combined with natural and synthetical tannins, two screening tests withAspergillus andPoria, respectively, had been used. The results had been compared with soil block tests. With both screening tests, reproducible and distinctive results are given even after a couple of days. However, the comparison with the soil block test showed, that the result from the screening tests are not reliable for a later use of timber in soil contact.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {1},\n\turldate = {2024-01-16},\n\tjournal = {Holz als Roh- und Werkstoff},\n\tauthor = {Militz, H. and Homan, W. J.},\n\tmonth = feb,\n\tyear = {1994},\n\tkeywords = {Wood Preservative, Aspergillus Niger, Boric Acid, Screen Test, Tannin},\n\tpages = {28--32},\n\tfile = {Full Text PDF:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\E73ZGR9U\\\\Militz and Homan - 1994 - Bioassaying combinations of wood preservatives and.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
\n
\n\n\n
\n With “new” preservatives it is convenient to be able to screen their efficacy before time consuming and expensive fungi tests are carried out. For a fast screening of preservatives, combined with natural and synthetical tannins, two screening tests withAspergillus andPoria, respectively, had been used. The results had been compared with soil block tests. With both screening tests, reproducible and distinctive results are given even after a couple of days. However, the comparison with the soil block test showed, that the result from the screening tests are not reliable for a later use of timber in soil contact.\n
\n\n\n
\n\n\n
\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n The use of a microtensile strength bench for testing the strength of growth rings of softwoods and hardwoods parallel to the grain.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Michon, S. G. L.; Polman, J. E.; Staniszewski, P.; and Militz, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Holz als Roh- und Werkstoff, 52(3): 176–178. June 1994.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n \"ThePaper\n  \n \n\n \n \n doi\n  \n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n  \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
\n 
@article{michon_use_1994,\n\ttitle = {The use of a microtensile strength bench for testing the strength of growth rings of softwoods and hardwoods parallel to the grain},\n\tvolume = {52},\n\tissn = {1436-736X},\n\turl = {https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02615217},\n\tdoi = {10.1007/BF02615217},\n\tabstract = {A self-developed microtensile strength bench was used to detect possible differences in tensile strength between early wood and late wood of Scots pine and beech. The difference in tensile strength parallel to the grain between early wood and late wood in Scots pine is more obvious than that of beech. The use of a gelglue (ethylcyanoacrylate) for fastening the small specimens to the testing bench was very promising. The tests showed that the method is very useful, because of a very small number of failures.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {3},\n\turldate = {2024-01-16},\n\tjournal = {Holz als Roh- und Werkstoff},\n\tauthor = {Michon, S. G. L. and Polman, J. E. and Staniszewski, P. and Militz, H.},\n\tmonth = jun,\n\tyear = {1994},\n\tkeywords = {Annual Ring, Beech Wood, Forest District, Late Wood, Tensile Strength},\n\tpages = {176--178},\n\tfile = {Full Text PDF:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\H3LIF23H\\\\Michon et al. - 1994 - The use of a microtensile strength bench for testi.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
\n
\n\n\n
\n A self-developed microtensile strength bench was used to detect possible differences in tensile strength between early wood and late wood of Scots pine and beech. The difference in tensile strength parallel to the grain between early wood and late wood in Scots pine is more obvious than that of beech. The use of a gelglue (ethylcyanoacrylate) for fastening the small specimens to the testing bench was very promising. The tests showed that the method is very useful, because of a very small number of failures.\n
\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n\n\n
\n
\n\n
\n
\n  \n 1993\n \n \n (5)\n \n \n
\n
\n \n \n
\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Vorbehandlung von Fichtenholz mit Chemikalien mit dem Ziel der Verbesserung der Imprägnierbarkeit.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Militz, H.; and Homan, W. J.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Holz als Roh- und Werkstoff, 51(1): 14–20. January 1993.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n \"VorbehandlungPaper\n  \n \n\n \n \n doi\n  \n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n  \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
\n 
@article{militz_vorbehandlung_1993,\n\ttitle = {Vorbehandlung von {Fichtenholz} mit {Chemikalien} mit dem {Ziel} der {Verbesserung} der {Imprägnierbarkeit}},\n\tvolume = {51},\n\tissn = {1436-736X},\n\turl = {https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02615371},\n\tdoi = {10.1007/BF02615371},\n\tabstract = {Versuche mit kleinen Fichtenproben (Teil 1) hatten gezeigt, daß sich die Tränkbarkeit des Holzes durch eine Vorbehandlung mit einigen Chemikalien verbessern läßt. Die in der vorliegenden Arbeit beschriebenen Versuche mit Brettern zeigten, daß sich die Tränk-barkeit des Holzes durch eine 20-tägige Vorbehandlung mit Chemikalien nur geringfügig verbessern läßt. Die besten Ergebnisse wurden mit einer Essigsäurebehandlung erzielt. Mit Hilfe von Elektronenmikroskopie wurden einige Besonderheiten erklärt. Die Biegefestigkeit und dasE-Modul der Proben weichen nach der Essigsäurebe-handlung nicht signifikant von denen unbehandelten Holzes ab.},\n\tlanguage = {de},\n\tnumber = {1},\n\turldate = {2024-01-16},\n\tjournal = {Holz als Roh- und Werkstoff},\n\tauthor = {Militz, H. and Homan, W. J.},\n\tmonth = jan,\n\tyear = {1993},\n\tpages = {14--20},\n\tfile = {Full Text PDF:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\2K8A8IL6\\\\Militz and Homan - 1993 - Vorbehandlung von Fichtenholz mit Chemikalien mit .pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
\n
\n\n\n
\n Versuche mit kleinen Fichtenproben (Teil 1) hatten gezeigt, daß sich die Tränkbarkeit des Holzes durch eine Vorbehandlung mit einigen Chemikalien verbessern läßt. Die in der vorliegenden Arbeit beschriebenen Versuche mit Brettern zeigten, daß sich die Tränk-barkeit des Holzes durch eine 20-tägige Vorbehandlung mit Chemikalien nur geringfügig verbessern läßt. Die besten Ergebnisse wurden mit einer Essigsäurebehandlung erzielt. Mit Hilfe von Elektronenmikroskopie wurden einige Besonderheiten erklärt. Die Biegefestigkeit und dasE-Modul der Proben weichen nach der Essigsäurebe-handlung nicht signifikant von denen unbehandelten Holzes ab.\n
\n\n\n
\n\n\n
\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Der Einfluß enzymatischer Behandlungen auf die Tränkbarkeit kleiner Fichtenproben.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Militz, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Holz als Roh- und Werkstoff. January 1993.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n \"DerPaper\n  \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n  \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
\n 
@article{militz_einflus_1993,\n\ttitle = {Der {Einfluß} enzymatischer {Behandlungen} auf die {Tränkbarkeit} kleiner {Fichtenproben}},\n\turl = {https://www.academia.edu/58726131/Der_Einflu%C3%9F_enzymatischer_Behandlungen_auf_die_Tr%C3%A4nkbarkeit_kleiner_Fichtenproben},\n\tabstract = {Der Einfluß enzymatischer Behandlungen auf die Tränkbarkeit kleiner Fichtenproben},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\turldate = {2024-01-16},\n\tjournal = {Holz als Roh- und Werkstoff},\n\tauthor = {Militz, Holger},\n\tmonth = jan,\n\tyear = {1993},\n\tfile = {Snapshot:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\SWN77IPI\\\\Der_Einfluß_enzymatischer_Behandlungen_auf_die_Tränkbarkeit_kleiner_Fichtenproben.html:text/html},\n}\n\n
\n
\n\n\n
\n Der Einfluß enzymatischer Behandlungen auf die Tränkbarkeit kleiner Fichtenproben\n
\n\n\n
\n\n\n
\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Enzymatische Behandlungen von Fichtenrund- und Schnittholz zur Verbesserung der Tränkbarkeit.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Militz, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Holz als Roh- und Werkstoff, 51(5): 339–346. September 1993.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n \"EnzymatischePaper\n  \n \n\n \n \n doi\n  \n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n  \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
\n 
@article{militz_enzymatische_1993,\n\ttitle = {Enzymatische {Behandlungen} von {Fichtenrund}- und {Schnittholz} zur {Verbesserung} der {Tränkbarkeit}},\n\tvolume = {51},\n\tissn = {1436-736X},\n\turl = {https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02663806},\n\tdoi = {10.1007/BF02663806},\n\tabstract = {Rundholz und Schnittholz (Picea abies L. Karst) wurde mit unterschiedlichen Enzymen vorbehandelt und anschließend mit Holzschutzmitteln getränkt. Die Enzymbehandlungen verbesserten die Aufnahmefähigkeit des Holzes und die Eindringung der Schutzmittel erheblich. Am wirkungsvollsten waren Enzymtränkungen mit Enzym-Mischpräparaten. Beregnungen des Holzes mit Enzymen und Tauchbehandlungen in Enzymbädern verbesserten die Aufnahmefähigkeit ebenfalls. Wirkungsmechanismen der Enzyme und Ursachen für die verbesserte Tränkfähigkeit werden diskutiert.},\n\tlanguage = {de},\n\tnumber = {5},\n\turldate = {2024-01-16},\n\tjournal = {Holz als Roh- und Werkstoff},\n\tauthor = {Militz, H.},\n\tmonth = sep,\n\tyear = {1993},\n\tpages = {339--346},\n\tfile = {Full Text PDF:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\NVVHJES9\\\\Militz - 1993 - Enzymatische Behandlungen von Fichtenrund- und Sch.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
\n
\n\n\n
\n Rundholz und Schnittholz (Picea abies L. Karst) wurde mit unterschiedlichen Enzymen vorbehandelt und anschließend mit Holzschutzmitteln getränkt. Die Enzymbehandlungen verbesserten die Aufnahmefähigkeit des Holzes und die Eindringung der Schutzmittel erheblich. Am wirkungsvollsten waren Enzymtränkungen mit Enzym-Mischpräparaten. Beregnungen des Holzes mit Enzymen und Tauchbehandlungen in Enzymbädern verbesserten die Aufnahmefähigkeit ebenfalls. Wirkungsmechanismen der Enzyme und Ursachen für die verbesserte Tränkfähigkeit werden diskutiert.\n
\n\n\n
\n\n\n
\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Treatment of timber with water soluble dimethylol resins to improve their dimensional stability and durability.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Militz, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Wood Science and Technology, 27(5): 347–355. July 1993.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n \"TreatmentPaper\n  \n \n\n \n \n doi\n  \n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n  \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
\n 
@article{militz_treatment_1993,\n\ttitle = {Treatment of timber with water soluble dimethylol resins to improve their dimensional stability and durability},\n\tvolume = {27},\n\tissn = {1432-5225},\n\turl = {https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00192221},\n\tdoi = {10.1007/BF00192221},\n\tabstract = {European Beech (Fagus silvatica L.) was impregnated with a dimethylol resin to improve its dimensional stability and durability. Different catalysts were evaluated in combination with the resin. Depending on the range of relative humidity, the resin improved the shrinkage and swelling by approximately 50\\%. The use of an acid (citric or tartaric) catalyst lead to improved resin curing. A curing temperature of 100 °C is necessary.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {5},\n\turldate = {2024-01-16},\n\tjournal = {Wood Science and Technology},\n\tauthor = {Militz, H.},\n\tmonth = jul,\n\tyear = {1993},\n\tkeywords = {Timber, Material Processing, Shrinkage, Dimensional Stability, Relative Humidity},\n\tpages = {347--355},\n\tfile = {Full Text PDF:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\5PM6N2PE\\\\Militz - 1993 - Treatment of timber with water soluble dimethylol .pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
\n
\n\n\n
\n European Beech (Fagus silvatica L.) was impregnated with a dimethylol resin to improve its dimensional stability and durability. Different catalysts were evaluated in combination with the resin. Depending on the range of relative humidity, the resin improved the shrinkage and swelling by approximately 50%. The use of an acid (citric or tartaric) catalyst lead to improved resin curing. A curing temperature of 100 °C is necessary.\n
\n\n\n
\n\n\n
\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n The enzymatic decomposition of neutral and acid polysaccharides from spruce wood.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Militz, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Wood Science and Technology, 28(1): 9–22. November 1993.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n \"ThePaper\n  \n \n\n \n \n doi\n  \n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n  \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
\n 
@article{militz_enzymatic_1993,\n\ttitle = {The enzymatic decomposition of neutral and acid polysaccharides from spruce wood},\n\tvolume = {28},\n\tissn = {1432-5225},\n\turl = {https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00193872},\n\tdoi = {10.1007/BF00193872},\n\tabstract = {Finely ground spruce wood (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) was incubated with various commercial enzyme preparations; the incubation liquid was analysed for the presence and volume of uronic acids and neutral sugars. The tested enzyme preparations dissolved neutral and acid sugar from the woodpowder. The most effective enzyme preparations were cellulolytic enzymes with some hemicellulolytic activites. This applied to the decomposition of neutral polysaccharide as well as to polyuronide. The polysaccharides in the cell wall were almost completely broken down to low molecular weight sugars by these preparations. Pectinase preparations, on the other hand, had lower efficacy in decomposing neutral and acid polysaccharides. A difference in efficacy of the enzyme preparations in decomposing heart- or sapwood could not be ascertained.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {1},\n\turldate = {2024-01-16},\n\tjournal = {Wood Science and Technology},\n\tauthor = {Militz, H.},\n\tmonth = nov,\n\tyear = {1993},\n\tkeywords = {Enzyme, Enzyme Preparation, Polysaccharide, Sugar, Uronic Acid},\n\tpages = {9--22},\n\tfile = {Full Text PDF:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\Q4EYH3F8\\\\Militz - 1993 - The enzymatic decomposition of neutral and acid po.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
\n
\n\n\n
\n Finely ground spruce wood (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) was incubated with various commercial enzyme preparations; the incubation liquid was analysed for the presence and volume of uronic acids and neutral sugars. The tested enzyme preparations dissolved neutral and acid sugar from the woodpowder. The most effective enzyme preparations were cellulolytic enzymes with some hemicellulolytic activites. This applied to the decomposition of neutral polysaccharide as well as to polyuronide. The polysaccharides in the cell wall were almost completely broken down to low molecular weight sugars by these preparations. Pectinase preparations, on the other hand, had lower efficacy in decomposing neutral and acid polysaccharides. A difference in efficacy of the enzyme preparations in decomposing heart- or sapwood could not be ascertained.\n
\n\n\n
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\n
\n\n
\n
\n  \n 1992\n \n \n (2)\n \n \n
\n
\n \n \n
\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Vorbehandlung von Fichtenholz mit Chemikalien mit dem Ziel der Verbesserung der Imprägnierbarkeit.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Militz, H.; and Homan, W. J.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Holz als Roh- und Werkstoff, 50(12): 485–491. December 1992.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n \"VorbehandlungPaper\n  \n \n\n \n \n doi\n  \n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n  \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
\n 
@article{militz_vorbehandlung_1992,\n\ttitle = {Vorbehandlung von {Fichtenholz} mit {Chemikalien} mit dem {Ziel} der {Verbesserung} der {Imprägnierbarkeit}},\n\tvolume = {50},\n\tissn = {1436-736X},\n\turl = {https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02628582},\n\tdoi = {10.1007/BF02628582},\n\tabstract = {Das Ziel der Versuche war, das aus anatomischen Gründen schlecht für Flüssigkeiten penetrierbare Fichtenholz mit Hilfe von chemischen Vorbehandlungen besser imprägnierbar zu machen. Dazu wurden kleine Fichtenproben (20×20×50 mm) mit Laugen, Säuren und Komplexbildnern behandelt. Konzentration, Temperatur und Dauer wurden variiert. Eine Beurteilung des Erfolges der Vorbehandlung wurde anhand der von den Proben aufgenommenen Menge an Holzschutzmitteln, deren Eindringung ins Holz und deren longitudinalen Masserdurchlässigkeit vorgenommen. Lediglich die Behandlungen mit Ammoniumoxalat, Essigsäure und Ameisensäure verbesserten die Holzschutzmitteleindringung und-aufnahme der Proben geringfügig und griffen die Holstruktur nicht oder in geringerem Maße an. Für weitere Versuche mit Fichtenschnittholz (siehe Teil 2) wurden Essigsäure, Na-Hexametaphosphat und Ammoniumoxalat ausgewählt.},\n\tlanguage = {de},\n\tnumber = {12},\n\turldate = {2024-01-16},\n\tjournal = {Holz als Roh- und Werkstoff},\n\tauthor = {Militz, H. and Homan, W. J.},\n\tmonth = dec,\n\tyear = {1992},\n\tpages = {485--491},\n\tfile = {Full Text PDF:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\PGRKAF54\\\\Militz and Homan - 1992 - Vorbehandlung von Fichtenholz mit Chemikalien mit .pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
\n
\n\n\n
\n Das Ziel der Versuche war, das aus anatomischen Gründen schlecht für Flüssigkeiten penetrierbare Fichtenholz mit Hilfe von chemischen Vorbehandlungen besser imprägnierbar zu machen. Dazu wurden kleine Fichtenproben (20×20×50 mm) mit Laugen, Säuren und Komplexbildnern behandelt. Konzentration, Temperatur und Dauer wurden variiert. Eine Beurteilung des Erfolges der Vorbehandlung wurde anhand der von den Proben aufgenommenen Menge an Holzschutzmitteln, deren Eindringung ins Holz und deren longitudinalen Masserdurchlässigkeit vorgenommen. Lediglich die Behandlungen mit Ammoniumoxalat, Essigsäure und Ameisensäure verbesserten die Holzschutzmitteleindringung und-aufnahme der Proben geringfügig und griffen die Holstruktur nicht oder in geringerem Maße an. Für weitere Versuche mit Fichtenschnittholz (siehe Teil 2) wurden Essigsäure, Na-Hexametaphosphat und Ammoniumoxalat ausgewählt.\n
\n\n\n
\n\n\n
\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Beschleunigte Fixierung von chromhaltigen Holzschutzmitteln durch UV-Bestrahlung.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Militz, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Holz als Roh- und Werkstoff, 50(3): 124–124. March 1992.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n \"BeschleunigtePaper\n  \n \n\n \n \n doi\n  \n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
\n 
@article{militz_beschleunigte_1992,\n\ttitle = {Beschleunigte {Fixierung} von chromhaltigen {Holzschutzmitteln} durch {UV}-{Bestrahlung}},\n\tvolume = {50},\n\tissn = {1436-736X},\n\turl = {https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02628690},\n\tdoi = {10.1007/BF02628690},\n\tlanguage = {de},\n\tnumber = {3},\n\turldate = {2024-01-16},\n\tjournal = {Holz als Roh- und Werkstoff},\n\tauthor = {Militz, H.},\n\tmonth = mar,\n\tyear = {1992},\n\tpages = {124--124},\n\tfile = {Full Text PDF:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\UVR2L823\\\\Militz - 1992 - Beschleunigte Fixierung von chromhaltigen Holzschu.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n  \n 1991\n \n \n (1)\n \n \n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Die Verbesserung des Schwind- und Quellverhaltens und der Dauerhaftigkeit von Holz mittels Behandlung mit unkatalysiertem Essigsäureanhydrid.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Militz, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Holz als Roh- und Werkstoff, 49(4): 147–152. April 1991.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n \"DiePaper\n  \n \n\n \n \n doi\n  \n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n  \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@article{militz_verbesserung_1991,\n\ttitle = {Die {Verbesserung} des {Schwind}- und {Quellverhaltens} und der {Dauerhaftigkeit} von {Holz} mittels {Behandlung} mit unkatalysiertem {Essigsäureanhydrid}},\n\tvolume = {49},\n\tissn = {1436-736X},\n\turl = {https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02607895},\n\tdoi = {10.1007/BF02607895},\n\tabstract = {Buchenholz (Fagus sylvatica) wurde mit unkatalysiertem Essigsäureanhydrid behandelt und einige physikalische und biologische Parameter des behandelten mit denen unbehandelten Holzes verglichen. Die radiale und tangentiale Quellung und Schwindung sowie die Aufnahmefähigkeit und Aufnahmegeschwindigkeit des Holzes gegenüber Wasser und Wasserdampf wird durch die Acetylierung stark reduziert, die Dauerhaftigkeit des Holzes gegenüber Pilzen verbessert. Die Ergebnisse werden mit denen anderer Autoren verglichen.},\n\tlanguage = {de},\n\tnumber = {4},\n\turldate = {2024-01-16},\n\tjournal = {Holz als Roh- und Werkstoff},\n\tauthor = {Militz, H.},\n\tmonth = apr,\n\tyear = {1991},\n\tpages = {147--152},\n\tfile = {Full Text PDF:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\MEUZAM36\\\\Militz - 1991 - Die Verbesserung des Schwind- und Quellverhaltens .pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n Buchenholz (Fagus sylvatica) wurde mit unkatalysiertem Essigsäureanhydrid behandelt und einige physikalische und biologische Parameter des behandelten mit denen unbehandelten Holzes verglichen. Die radiale und tangentiale Quellung und Schwindung sowie die Aufnahmefähigkeit und Aufnahmegeschwindigkeit des Holzes gegenüber Wasser und Wasserdampf wird durch die Acetylierung stark reduziert, die Dauerhaftigkeit des Holzes gegenüber Pilzen verbessert. Die Ergebnisse werden mit denen anderer Autoren verglichen.\n
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