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\n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Flexible Insulation Mats from Zostera marina Seagrass.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Kuqo, A.; and Mai, C.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n
Journal of Natural Fibers, 20(1): 2154303. December 2023.\n
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Paper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@article{kuqo_flexible_2023,\n\ttitle = {Flexible {Insulation} {Mats} from \\textit{{Zostera} marina} {Seagrass}},\n\tvolume = {20},\n\tissn = {1544-0478, 1544-046X},\n\turl = {https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/15440478.2022.2154303},\n\tdoi = {10.1080/15440478.2022.2154303},\n\tabstract = {The dead seagrass leaves accumulated on the seashores, also known as beach (seagrass) wracks, can be considered a sustainable and ecologically beneficial source for application in the construction sector. An innovative thermal insulation material composed of Zostera marina seagrass leaves was developed using bicomponent fibers as a binding agent. The bicom ponent fibers consisted of polypropylene in the core and polyethylene in the sheath. This work aimed to investigate the effect of mat density on mechanical properties (compression and internal bond strength), thermal conductivity and fire properties. The seagrass-based (SG) mats were com pared to reference mats consisting of wood fibers (WF). The digital and scanning electron microscopy investigation revealed the differences in the bonding mechanism between the two types of mats. Although slightly higher than WF mats, the thermal conductivity of SG mats still varied from 0.039 to 0.051 W m−1 K−1 and is comparable to those of other natural fiber-based boards with the same density range. The low peak heat release of SG mats (up to 63\\% lower than wood fiber-based mats) indicates their high resistance to fire. SG mats provide novel possibilities for using new environmentally friendly materials intended for ceiling and partition applications.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {1},\n\turldate = {2023-03-13},\n\tjournal = {Journal of Natural Fibers},\n\tauthor = {Kuqo, Aldi and Mai, Carsten},\n\tmonth = dec,\n\tyear = {2023},\n\tpages = {2154303},\n\tfile = {Kuqo und Mai - 2023 - Flexible Insulation Mats from Zostera marinai.pdf:/home/becker/Zotero/storage/NDH89H63/Kuqo und Mai - 2023 - Flexible Insulation Mats from Zostera marinai.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n\n
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\n The dead seagrass leaves accumulated on the seashores, also known as beach (seagrass) wracks, can be considered a sustainable and ecologically beneficial source for application in the construction sector. An innovative thermal insulation material composed of Zostera marina seagrass leaves was developed using bicomponent fibers as a binding agent. The bicom ponent fibers consisted of polypropylene in the core and polyethylene in the sheath. This work aimed to investigate the effect of mat density on mechanical properties (compression and internal bond strength), thermal conductivity and fire properties. The seagrass-based (SG) mats were com pared to reference mats consisting of wood fibers (WF). The digital and scanning electron microscopy investigation revealed the differences in the bonding mechanism between the two types of mats. Although slightly higher than WF mats, the thermal conductivity of SG mats still varied from 0.039 to 0.051 W m−1 K−1 and is comparable to those of other natural fiber-based boards with the same density range. The low peak heat release of SG mats (up to 63% lower than wood fiber-based mats) indicates their high resistance to fire. SG mats provide novel possibilities for using new environmentally friendly materials intended for ceiling and partition applications.\n
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\n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Enhancement of physico-mechanical properties of geopolymer particleboards through the use of seagrass fibers.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Kuqo, A.; Mayer, A. K.; Amiandamhen, S. O.; Adamopoulos, S.; and Mai, C.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n
Construction and Building Materials, 374: 130889. April 2023.\n
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@article{kuqo_enhancement_2023,\n\ttitle = {Enhancement of physico-mechanical properties of geopolymer particleboards through the use of seagrass fibers},\n\tvolume = {374},\n\tissn = {09500618},\n\turl = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0950061823006013},\n\tdoi = {10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2023.130889},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\turldate = {2023-03-13},\n\tjournal = {Construction and Building Materials},\n\tauthor = {Kuqo, Aldi and Mayer, Aaron Kilian and Amiandamhen, Stephen O. and Adamopoulos, Stergios and Mai, Carsten},\n\tmonth = apr,\n\tyear = {2023},\n\tpages = {130889},\n\tfile = {Kuqo et al. - 2023 - Enhancement of physico-mechanical properties of ge.pdf:/home/becker/Zotero/storage/RKUJJRN2/Kuqo et al. - 2023 - Enhancement of physico-mechanical properties of ge.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n\n
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\n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Use of dry mixing-spraying process for the production of geopolymer-bonded wood and seagrass fibreboards.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Kuqo, A.; Koddenberg, T.; and Mai, C.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n
Composites Part B: Engineering, 248: 110387. January 2023.\n
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@article{kuqo_use_2023,\n\ttitle = {Use of dry mixing-spraying process for the production of geopolymer-bonded wood and seagrass fibreboards},\n\tvolume = {248},\n\tissn = {1359-8368},\n\turl = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1359836822007600},\n\tdoi = {10.1016/j.compositesb.2022.110387},\n\tabstract = {Mixing lignocellulosic fibres with a mineral binder to produce fibreboards is a challenging process due to their large volume per unit mass and their susceptibility to agglomeration (balling effect). The main objective in the dry mixing-spraying process presented in our study is the uniform distribution of the geopolymer binder in the lignocellulosic material. In this work, we compare the properties of two types of composites processed by implementing the abovementioned technique. Geopolymer-bonded fibreboards were produced using up to 50 wt\\% seagrass or wood fibres. Microscopy and X-ray micro-tomography investigations of the geopolymer composites indicated that their mechanical and physical properties depend on the size of incorporated fibres. Large seagrass fibres were appropriately mixed with the mineral binder matrix forming solid fibreboards that were able to reach the standard requirements for cement boards. More specifically, seagrass-based fibreboards exhibit up to 42\\% higher bending strength (up to 9.4 MPa) compared to fibreboards composed of wood fibres. In addition, their low thickness swelling and low mean heat release rate in a cone calorimeter (varying from 21.5 to 26.6 kW m−2) indicated a high resistance to water and fire. Considering the resulting properties of the produced fibreboards, the dry-mixing spraying process can be an appropriate technique for producing geopolymer composites containing large amounts of relatively long fibres.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\turldate = {2022-11-09},\n\tjournal = {Composites Part B: Engineering},\n\tauthor = {Kuqo, Aldi and Koddenberg, Tim and Mai, Carsten},\n\tmonth = jan,\n\tyear = {2023},\n\tkeywords = {Geopolymer composites, Mechanical testing, Seagrass fibres, Wood fibres, X-ray microtomography},\n\tpages = {110387},\n\tfile = {Kuqo et al. - 2023 - Use of dry mixing-spraying process for the product.pdf:/home/becker/Zotero/storage/WZAXT4XX/Kuqo et al. - 2023 - Use of dry mixing-spraying process for the product.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n\n
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\n Mixing lignocellulosic fibres with a mineral binder to produce fibreboards is a challenging process due to their large volume per unit mass and their susceptibility to agglomeration (balling effect). The main objective in the dry mixing-spraying process presented in our study is the uniform distribution of the geopolymer binder in the lignocellulosic material. In this work, we compare the properties of two types of composites processed by implementing the abovementioned technique. Geopolymer-bonded fibreboards were produced using up to 50 wt% seagrass or wood fibres. Microscopy and X-ray micro-tomography investigations of the geopolymer composites indicated that their mechanical and physical properties depend on the size of incorporated fibres. Large seagrass fibres were appropriately mixed with the mineral binder matrix forming solid fibreboards that were able to reach the standard requirements for cement boards. More specifically, seagrass-based fibreboards exhibit up to 42% higher bending strength (up to 9.4 MPa) compared to fibreboards composed of wood fibres. In addition, their low thickness swelling and low mean heat release rate in a cone calorimeter (varying from 21.5 to 26.6 kW m−2) indicated a high resistance to water and fire. Considering the resulting properties of the produced fibreboards, the dry-mixing spraying process can be an appropriate technique for producing geopolymer composites containing large amounts of relatively long fibres.\n
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\n\n \n \n \n \n \n Innovative approaches to resource-efficient plywood production.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Cordier, M.; Meinlschmidt, P.; and Mai, C.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In
Proceedings of the 19th Meeting of the Northern European Network for Wood Science and Engineering (WSE), pages 196–198, Ås, Norway, October 2023. \n
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@inproceedings{cordier_innovative_2023,\n\taddress = {Ås, Norway},\n\ttitle = {Innovative approaches to resource-efficient plywood production},\n\tbooktitle = {Proceedings of the 19th {Meeting} of the {Northern} {European} {Network} for {Wood} {Science} and {Engineering} ({WSE})},\n\tauthor = {Cordier, Marcus and Meinlschmidt, Peter and Mai, Carsten},\n\tmonth = oct,\n\tyear = {2023},\n\tpages = {196--198},\n}\n\n\n
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\n\n \n \n \n \n \n Basalt grid reinforcement of wood-based panels.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Mayer, A.; and Mai, C.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In
Proceedings of the 19th Meeting of the Northern European Network for Wood Science and Engineering (WSE), pages 193–195, Ås, Norway, October 2023. \n
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@inproceedings{mayer_basalt_2023,\n\taddress = {Ås, Norway},\n\ttitle = {Basalt grid reinforcement of wood-based panels},\n\tbooktitle = {Proceedings of the 19th {Meeting} of the {Northern} {European} {Network} for {Wood} {Science} and {Engineering} ({WSE})},\n\tauthor = {Mayer, Aaron and Mai, Carsten},\n\tmonth = oct,\n\tyear = {2023},\n\tpages = {193--195},\n}\n\n\n
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\n\n \n \n \n \n \n Utilization of hardwoods to produce insulation panels.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Brinker, S.; Ahrens, C.; and Mai, C.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In
Proceedings of the 19th Meeting of the Northern European Network for Wood Science and Engineering (WSE), pages 190–192, Ås, Norway, October 2023. \n
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@inproceedings{brinker_utilization_2023,\n\taddress = {Ås, Norway},\n\ttitle = {Utilization of hardwoods to produce insulation panels},\n\tbooktitle = {Proceedings of the 19th {Meeting} of the {Northern} {European} {Network} for {Wood} {Science} and {Engineering} ({WSE})},\n\tauthor = {Brinker, Sascha and Ahrens, Christian and Mai, Carsten},\n\tmonth = oct,\n\tyear = {2023},\n\tpages = {190--192},\n}\n\n\n
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\n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Low-carbon magnesium potassium phosphate cement (MKPC) binder comprising caustic calcined magnesia and potassium hydroxide activated biochar from softwood technical lignin.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Uchechukwu Opara, E. U.; Karthäuser, J.; Köhler, R.; Kowald, T.; Koddenberg, T.; and Mai, C.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n
Construction and Building Materials, 398: 132475. September 2023.\n
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Paper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@article{uchechukwu_opara_low-carbon_2023,\n\ttitle = {Low-carbon magnesium potassium phosphate cement ({MKPC}) binder comprising caustic calcined magnesia and potassium hydroxide activated biochar from softwood technical lignin},\n\tvolume = {398},\n\tissn = {0950-0618},\n\turl = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0950061823021918},\n\tdoi = {10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2023.132475},\n\tabstract = {Biochar augmentation in cementitious materials is attractive for enhancing the products' mechanical properties and improving sustainability. Softwood technical lignin biochar (5 wt-\\%) was used to augment MKPC as a replacement material, with increased surface area through KOH activation. Hard-burned (1000 °C) MgO was used as precursor. XRD and SEM-EDX analyses showed “struvite-K” as the primary component of the MKPC materials. MKPC materials including the 2-hour KOH-activated biochar showed the lowest porosity, highest strength and stiffness. Replacing MKPC with KOH-activated biochar can increase strength properties and reduce MKPC binder usage, providing a sustainable approach for precast applications.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\turldate = {2023-07-19},\n\tjournal = {Construction and Building Materials},\n\tauthor = {Uchechukwu Opara, Emmanuel Uchechukwu and Karthäuser, Johannes and Köhler, Robert and Kowald, Torsten and Koddenberg, Tim and Mai, Carsten},\n\tmonth = sep,\n\tyear = {2023},\n\tkeywords = {Biochar Augmented Cement, Caustic Calcined Magnesia, Low-carbon cement, Magnesium Potassium Phosphate Cement, Sustainable Construction},\n\tpages = {132475},\n\tfile = {Opara et al. - 2023 - Low-carbon magnesium potassium phosphate cement (M.pdf:/home/becker/Zotero/storage/A9YWI9GE/Opara et al. - 2023 - Low-carbon magnesium potassium phosphate cement (M.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n\n
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\n Biochar augmentation in cementitious materials is attractive for enhancing the products' mechanical properties and improving sustainability. Softwood technical lignin biochar (5 wt-%) was used to augment MKPC as a replacement material, with increased surface area through KOH activation. Hard-burned (1000 °C) MgO was used as precursor. XRD and SEM-EDX analyses showed “struvite-K” as the primary component of the MKPC materials. MKPC materials including the 2-hour KOH-activated biochar showed the lowest porosity, highest strength and stiffness. Replacing MKPC with KOH-activated biochar can increase strength properties and reduce MKPC binder usage, providing a sustainable approach for precast applications.\n
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\n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Approaching Self-Bonded Medium Density Fiberboards Made by Mixing Steam Exploded Arundo donax L. and Wood Fibers: A Comparison with pMDI-Bonded Fiberboards on the Primary Properties of the Boards.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Vitrone, F.; Brinker, S.; Ramos, D.; Ferrando, F.; Salvadó, J.; and Mai, C.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n
Materials, 16(12): 4343. June 2023.\n
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Paper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@article{vitrone_approaching_2023,\n\ttitle = {Approaching {Self}-{Bonded} {Medium} {Density} {Fiberboards} {Made} by {Mixing} {Steam} {Exploded} {Arundo} donax {L}. and {Wood} {Fibers}: {A} {Comparison} with {pMDI}-{Bonded} {Fiberboards} on the {Primary} {Properties} of the {Boards}},\n\tvolume = {16},\n\tissn = {1996-1944},\n\tshorttitle = {Approaching {Self}-{Bonded} {Medium} {Density} {Fiberboards} {Made} by {Mixing} {Steam} {Exploded} {Arundo} donax {L}. and {Wood} {Fibers}},\n\turl = {https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/16/12/4343},\n\tdoi = {10.3390/ma16124343},\n\tabstract = {This study presents an unexplored method to produce formaldehyde-free MDF. Steam exploded Arundo donax L. (STEX-AD) and untreated wood fibers (WF) were mixed at different mixing rates (0/100, 50/50, and 100/0, respectively) and two series of boards were manufactured, with 4 wt\\% of pMDI, based on dry fibers, and self-bonded. The mechanical and physical performance of the boards was analyzed as a function of the adhesive content and the density. The mechanical performance and dimensional stability were determined by following European standards. The material formulation and the density of the boards had a significant effect on both mechanical and physical properties. The boards made solely of STEX-AD were comparable to those made with pMDI, while the panels made of WF without adhesive were those that performed the worst. The STEX-AD showed the ability to reduce the TS for both pMDI-bonded and self-bonded boards, although leading to a high WA and a higher short-term absorption for the latter. The results presented show the feasibility of using STEX-AD in the manufacturing of self-bonded MDF and the improvement of dimensional stability. Nonetheless, further studies are needed especially to address the enhancement of the internal bond (IB).},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {12},\n\turldate = {2023-07-05},\n\tjournal = {Materials},\n\tauthor = {Vitrone, Federica and Brinker, Sascha and Ramos, Diego and Ferrando, Francesc and Salvadó, Joan and Mai, Carsten},\n\tmonth = jun,\n\tyear = {2023},\n\tpages = {4343},\n\tfile = {Volltext:/home/becker/Zotero/storage/5K25YZNG/Vitrone et al. - 2023 - Approaching Self-Bonded Medium Density Fiberboards.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n\n
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\n This study presents an unexplored method to produce formaldehyde-free MDF. Steam exploded Arundo donax L. (STEX-AD) and untreated wood fibers (WF) were mixed at different mixing rates (0/100, 50/50, and 100/0, respectively) and two series of boards were manufactured, with 4 wt% of pMDI, based on dry fibers, and self-bonded. The mechanical and physical performance of the boards was analyzed as a function of the adhesive content and the density. The mechanical performance and dimensional stability were determined by following European standards. The material formulation and the density of the boards had a significant effect on both mechanical and physical properties. The boards made solely of STEX-AD were comparable to those made with pMDI, while the panels made of WF without adhesive were those that performed the worst. The STEX-AD showed the ability to reduce the TS for both pMDI-bonded and self-bonded boards, although leading to a high WA and a higher short-term absorption for the latter. The results presented show the feasibility of using STEX-AD in the manufacturing of self-bonded MDF and the improvement of dimensional stability. Nonetheless, further studies are needed especially to address the enhancement of the internal bond (IB).\n
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\n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Production and characterisation of self-blowing lignin-based foams.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Fagbemigun, T. K.; and Mai, C.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n
European Journal of Wood and Wood Products, 81(3): 579–590. June 2023.\n
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@article{fagbemigun_production_2023,\n\ttitle = {Production and characterisation of self-blowing lignin-based foams},\n\tvolume = {81},\n\tissn = {1436-736X},\n\turl = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s00107-022-01908-1},\n\tdoi = {10.1007/s00107-022-01908-1},\n\tabstract = {Self-blowing lignin-furanic foams were produced using formulations comprising Kraft lignin and furfuryl alcohol as the major components. Diethyl ether, Tween 85 and sulphuric acid were used as blowing agent, surfactant and catalyst. The influence of the components and the ratio of furfuryl alcohol to lignin was investigated with regard to the foam density, mechanical properties, water absorption, thermal properties, and fire behaviour. Depending on the formulation, the density of lignin-furanic foams ranged between 60 and 320 kg m−3. Increasing the furfuryl alcohol content increased the density of the foams. Low-density foams were obtained with a higher proportion of diethyl ether. The compression strength and modulus of elasticity (MoE) of lignin-furanic foams also increased with foam density. All lignin-furanic foams showed good thermal stability and residual masses by thermogravimetric analysis. Cone calorimetric analysis showed that lignin-furanic foams have poor flammability and self-extinguish within few seconds.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {3},\n\turldate = {2023-04-11},\n\tjournal = {European Journal of Wood and Wood Products},\n\tauthor = {Fagbemigun, Taiwo K. and Mai, Carsten},\n\tmonth = jun,\n\tyear = {2023},\n\tpages = {579--590},\n\tfile = {Full Text PDF:/home/becker/Zotero/storage/JILB4TRP/Fagbemigun und Mai - 2023 - Production and characterisation of self-blowing li.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n\n
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\n Self-blowing lignin-furanic foams were produced using formulations comprising Kraft lignin and furfuryl alcohol as the major components. Diethyl ether, Tween 85 and sulphuric acid were used as blowing agent, surfactant and catalyst. The influence of the components and the ratio of furfuryl alcohol to lignin was investigated with regard to the foam density, mechanical properties, water absorption, thermal properties, and fire behaviour. Depending on the formulation, the density of lignin-furanic foams ranged between 60 and 320 kg m−3. Increasing the furfuryl alcohol content increased the density of the foams. Low-density foams were obtained with a higher proportion of diethyl ether. The compression strength and modulus of elasticity (MoE) of lignin-furanic foams also increased with foam density. All lignin-furanic foams showed good thermal stability and residual masses by thermogravimetric analysis. Cone calorimetric analysis showed that lignin-furanic foams have poor flammability and self-extinguish within few seconds.\n
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\n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Wood Modification.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Mai, C.; and Militz, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In Niemz, P.; Teischinger, A.; and Sandberg, D., editor(s),
Springer Handbook of Wood Science and Technology, pages 873–910. Springer International Publishing, Cham, 2023.\n
Series Title: Springer Handbooks\n\n
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@incollection{niemz_wood_2023,\n\taddress = {Cham},\n\ttitle = {Wood {Modification}},\n\tisbn = {978-3-030-81314-7 978-3-030-81315-4},\n\turl = {https://link.springer.com/10.1007/978-3-030-81315-4_16},\n\tdoi = {10.1007/978-3-030-81315-4_16},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\turldate = {2023-04-11},\n\tbooktitle = {Springer {Handbook} of {Wood} {Science} and {Technology}},\n\tpublisher = {Springer International Publishing},\n\tauthor = {Mai, Carsten and Militz, Holger},\n\teditor = {Niemz, Peter and Teischinger, Alfred and Sandberg, Dick},\n\tyear = {2023},\n\tnote = {Series Title: Springer Handbooks},\n\tpages = {873--910},\n}\n\n\n
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\n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Wood Chemistry.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Mai, C.; and Zhang, K.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In Niemz, P.; Teischinger, A.; and Sandberg, D., editor(s),
Springer Handbook of Wood Science and Technology, pages 179–279. Springer International Publishing, Cham, 2023.\n
Series Title: Springer Handbooks\n\n
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@incollection{niemz_wood_2023-1,\n\taddress = {Cham},\n\ttitle = {Wood {Chemistry}},\n\tisbn = {978-3-030-81314-7 978-3-030-81315-4},\n\turl = {https://link.springer.com/10.1007/978-3-030-81315-4_5},\n\tdoi = {10.1007/978-3-030-81315-4_5},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\turldate = {2023-04-11},\n\tbooktitle = {Springer {Handbook} of {Wood} {Science} and {Technology}},\n\tpublisher = {Springer International Publishing},\n\tauthor = {Mai, Carsten and Zhang, Kai},\n\teditor = {Niemz, Peter and Teischinger, Alfred and Sandberg, Dick},\n\tyear = {2023},\n\tnote = {Series Title: Springer Handbooks},\n\tpages = {179--279},\n}\n\n\n
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\n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Introduction to Wood Science.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Niemz, P.; Mai, C.; and Schmitt, U.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In Niemz, P.; Teischinger, A.; and Sandberg, D., editor(s),
Springer Handbook of Wood Science and Technology, pages 25–40. Springer International Publishing, Cham, 2023.\n
Series Title: Springer Handbooks\n\n
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Paper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@incollection{niemz_introduction_2023,\n\taddress = {Cham},\n\ttitle = {Introduction to {Wood} {Science}},\n\tisbn = {978-3-030-81314-7 978-3-030-81315-4},\n\turl = {https://link.springer.com/10.1007/978-3-030-81315-4_2},\n\tdoi = {10.1007/978-3-030-81315-4_2},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\turldate = {2023-04-11},\n\tbooktitle = {Springer {Handbook} of {Wood} {Science} and {Technology}},\n\tpublisher = {Springer International Publishing},\n\tauthor = {Niemz, Peter and Mai, Carsten and Schmitt, Uwe},\n\teditor = {Niemz, Peter and Teischinger, Alfred and Sandberg, Dick},\n\tyear = {2023},\n\tnote = {Series Title: Springer Handbooks},\n\tpages = {25--40},\n}\n\n\n
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