var bibbase_data = {"data":"<img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/ajax-loader.gif\" id=\"spinner\"\n  style=\"display: none;\" alt=\"Loading..\" />\n\n<div id=\"bibbase\">\n\n  <script type=\"text/javascript\">\n    var bibbase = {\n      params: {\"bib\":\"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/gcrau/gcrau.github.io/master/bibtex/gabriel-c-rau-published.bib\",\"jsonp\":\"1\",\"host\":\"bibbase.org\"},\n      data: [{\"bibtype\":\"article\",\"type\":\"Journal article\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Acworth\"],\"firstnames\":[\"R.\",\"I.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Rau\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Gabriel\",\"C.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"McCallum\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Andrew\",\"M.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Andersen\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Martin\",\"S.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Cuthbert\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Mark\",\"O.\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"title\":\"Understanding connected surface-water/groundwater systems using Fourier analysis of daily and sub-daily head fluctuations\",\"journal\":\"Hydrogeology Journal\",\"year\":\"2015\",\"date\":\"2014-09-05\",\"volume\":\"23\",\"number\":\"1\",\"pages\":\"143-159\",\"issn\":\"1431-2174\",\"if\":\"2.028\",\"snip\":\"1.185\",\"abstract\":\"The long-term monitoring records of hydraulic heads frequently contain fluctuations originating from different cyclic drivers. Fourier analysis applied to these records can reveal connected surface-water/groundwater system characteristics. The various components of the atmospheric tides, the earth tides and the presence of diurnal responses to evapotranspiration are identified and isolated through band-pass filtering of data recorded from both vented and absolute gauge transducers. The signature of the different cyclic drivers is contained in amplitude and phase of the various signal components and can be used to determine the degree of system confinement. A methodology is described for the calculation of barometric efficiency in confined aquifers based upon the amplitude of the M 2 and S 2 components of the earth and atmospheric tides. It is demonstrated that Fourier analysis of water-level fluctuations is a simple but underused tool that can help to characterise shallow groundwater systems.\",\"doi\":\"10.1007/s10040-014-1182-5\",\"isbn\":\"1431-2174\",\"keywords\":\"analytical solutions,australia,confining units,groundwater hydraulics,groundwater/surface-water relations\",\"language\":\"English\",\"publisher\":\"Springer Berlin Heidelberg\",\"bibtex\":\"@Article{Acworth-2015,\\n  author    = {Acworth, R. I. and Rau, Gabriel C. and McCallum, Andrew M. and Andersen, Martin S. and Cuthbert, Mark O.},\\n  title     = {{Understanding connected surface-water/groundwater systems using Fourier analysis of daily and sub-daily head fluctuations}},\\n  journal   = {Hydrogeology Journal},\\n  year      = {2015},\\n  date      = {2014-09-05},\\n  volume    = {23},\\n  number    = {1},\\n  pages     = {143-159},\\n  issn      = {1431-2174},\\n  if        = {2.028},\\n  snip      = {1.185},\\n  abstract  = {The long-term monitoring records of hydraulic heads frequently contain fluctuations originating from different cyclic drivers. Fourier analysis applied to these records can reveal connected surface-water/groundwater system characteristics. The various components of the atmospheric tides, the earth tides and the presence of diurnal responses to evapotranspiration are identified and isolated through band-pass filtering of data recorded from both vented and absolute gauge transducers. The signature of the different cyclic drivers is contained in amplitude and phase of the various signal components and can be used to determine the degree of system confinement. A methodology is described for the calculation of barometric efficiency in confined aquifers based upon the amplitude of the M 2 and S 2 components of the earth and atmospheric tides. It is demonstrated that Fourier analysis of water-level fluctuations is a simple but underused tool that can help to characterise shallow groundwater systems.},\\n  doi       = {10.1007/s10040-014-1182-5},\\n  isbn      = {1431-2174},\\n  keywords  = {analytical solutions,australia,confining units,groundwater hydraulics,groundwater/surface-water relations},\\n  language  = {English},\\n  publisher = {Springer Berlin Heidelberg},\\n  type      = {Journal article},\\n}\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Acworth, R. I.\",\"Rau, G. C.\",\"McCallum, A. M.\",\"Andersen, M. S.\",\"Cuthbert, M. O.\"],\"key\":\"Acworth-2015\",\"id\":\"Acworth-2015\",\"bibbaseid\":\"acworth-rau-mccallum-andersen-cuthbert-understandingconnectedsurfacewatergroundwatersystemsusingfourieranalysisofdailyandsubdailyheadfluctuations-2015\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{},\"keyword\":[\"analytical solutions\",\"australia\",\"confining units\",\"groundwater hydraulics\",\"groundwater/surface-water relations\"],\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{\"rau, g\":\"https://gcrau.github.io/\"}},\"downloads\":0,\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"article\",\"type\":\"Journal article\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Acworth\"],\"firstnames\":[\"R.\",\"Ian\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Halloran\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Landon\",\"J.S.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Rau\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Gabriel\",\"C.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Cuthbert\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Mark\",\"O.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Bernardi\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Tony\",\"L.\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"title\":\"An objective frequency-domain method for quantifying confined aquifer compressible storage using Earth and atmospheric tides\",\"journal\":\"Geophysical Research Letters\",\"year\":\"2016\",\"date\":\"2016-10-27\",\"volume\":\"43\",\"number\":\"22\",\"pages\":\"11,671-11,678\",\"issn\":\"00948276\",\"doi\":\"10.1002/2016GL071328\",\"keywords\":\"10.1002/2016GL071328 and groundwater storage,Earth tides,atmospheric tides,barometric efficiency,formation compressibility,specific storage\",\"bibtex\":\"@Article{Acworth-2016,\\n  author   = {Acworth, R. Ian and Halloran, Landon J.S. and Rau, Gabriel C. and Cuthbert, Mark O. and Bernardi, Tony L.},\\n  title    = {{An objective frequency-domain method for quantifying confined aquifer compressible storage using Earth and atmospheric tides}},\\n  journal  = {Geophysical Research Letters},\\n  year     = {2016},\\n  date     = {2016-10-27},\\n  volume   = {43},\\n  number   = {22},\\n  pages    = {11,671-11,678},\\n  issn     = {00948276},\\n  doi      = {10.1002/2016GL071328},\\n  keywords = {10.1002/2016GL071328 and groundwater storage,Earth tides,atmospheric tides,barometric efficiency,formation compressibility,specific storage},\\n  type     = {Journal article},\\n}\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Acworth, R. I.\",\"Halloran, L. J.\",\"Rau, G. C.\",\"Cuthbert, M. O.\",\"Bernardi, T. L.\"],\"key\":\"Acworth-2016\",\"id\":\"Acworth-2016\",\"bibbaseid\":\"acworth-halloran-rau-cuthbert-bernardi-anobjectivefrequencydomainmethodforquantifyingconfinedaquifercompressiblestorageusingearthandatmospherictides-2016\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{},\"keyword\":[\"10.1002/2016GL071328 and groundwater storage\",\"Earth tides\",\"atmospheric tides\",\"barometric efficiency\",\"formation compressibility\",\"specific storage\"],\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{\"rau, g\":\"https://gcrau.github.io/\"}},\"downloads\":0,\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"article\",\"type\":\"Journal article\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Acworth\"],\"firstnames\":[\"R.\",\"Ian\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Rau\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Gabriel\",\"C.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Cuthbert\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Mark\",\"O.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Jensen\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Evan\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Leggett\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Keith\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"title\":\"Long-term spatio-temporal precipitation variability in arid-zone Australia and implications for groundwater recharge\",\"journal\":\"Hydrogeology Journal\",\"year\":\"2016\",\"date\":\"2016-01-12\",\"volume\":\"24\",\"number\":\"4\",\"pages\":\"905-921\",\"issn\":\"1431-2174\",\"if\":\"2.028\",\"snip\":\"1.185\",\"abstract\":\"Quantifying dryland groundwater recharge as a function of climate variability is becoming increasingly important in the face of a globally depleted resource, yet this remains a major challenge due to lack of adequate monitoring and the complexity of processes involved. A previously unpublished and unique dataset of high density and frequency rainfall measurements is presented, from the Fowlers Gap Arid Zone Research Station in western New South Wales (Australia). The dataset confirms extreme spatial and temporal variability in rainfall distribution which has been observed in other dryland areas and is generally explained by the dominance of individual storm cells. Contrary to previous observations, however, this dataset contains only a few localised storm cells despite the variability. The implications of spatiotemporal rainfall variability on the estimation of groundwater recharge is assessed and show that the most likely recharge mechanism is through indirect and localised, rather than direct, recharge. Examples of rainfall and stream gauge height illustrate runoff generation when a spatially averaged threshold of 15?25 mm (depending on the antecedent moisture conditions) is exceeded. Preliminary assessment of groundwater levels illustrates that the regional water table is much deeper than anticipated, especially considering the expected magnitude of indirect and localised recharge. A possible explanation is that pathways for indirect and localised recharge are inhibited by the large quantities of Aeolian dust observed at the site. Runoff readily occurs with water collecting in surface lakes which slowly dry and disappear. Assuming direct groundwater recharge under these conditions will significantly overestimate actual recharge.\",\"doi\":\"10.1007/s10040-015-1358-7\",\"keywords\":\"arid regions,australia,groundwater,groundwater monitoring,groundwater recharge,relations,surface-water,water budget\",\"language\":\"English\",\"bibtex\":\"@Article{Acworth-2016a,\\n  author   = {Acworth, R. Ian and Rau, Gabriel C. and Cuthbert, Mark O. and Jensen, Evan and Leggett, Keith},\\n  title    = {{Long-term spatio-temporal precipitation variability in arid-zone Australia and implications for groundwater recharge}},\\n  journal  = {Hydrogeology Journal},\\n  year     = {2016},\\n  date     = {2016-01-12},\\n  volume   = {24},\\n  number   = {4},\\n  pages    = {905-921},\\n  issn     = {1431-2174},\\n  if       = {2.028},\\n  snip     = {1.185},\\n  abstract = {Quantifying dryland groundwater recharge as a function of climate variability is becoming increasingly important in the face of a globally depleted resource, yet this remains a major challenge due to lack of adequate monitoring and the complexity of processes involved. A previously unpublished and unique dataset of high density and frequency rainfall measurements is presented, from the Fowlers Gap Arid Zone Research Station in western New South Wales (Australia). The dataset confirms extreme spatial and temporal variability in rainfall distribution which has been observed in other dryland areas and is generally explained by the dominance of individual storm cells. Contrary to previous observations, however, this dataset contains only a few localised storm cells despite the variability. The implications of spatiotemporal rainfall variability on the estimation of groundwater recharge is assessed and show that the most likely recharge mechanism is through indirect and localised, rather than direct, recharge. Examples of rainfall and stream gauge height illustrate runoff generation when a spatially averaged threshold of 15?25 mm (depending on the antecedent moisture conditions) is exceeded. Preliminary assessment of groundwater levels illustrates that the regional water table is much deeper than anticipated, especially considering the expected magnitude of indirect and localised recharge. A possible explanation is that pathways for indirect and localised recharge are inhibited by the large quantities of Aeolian dust observed at the site. Runoff readily occurs with water collecting in surface lakes which slowly dry and disappear. Assuming direct groundwater recharge under these conditions will significantly overestimate actual recharge.},\\n  doi      = {10.1007/s10040-015-1358-7},\\n  keywords = {arid regions,australia,groundwater,groundwater monitoring,groundwater recharge,relations,surface-water,water budget},\\n  language = {English},\\n  type     = {Journal article},\\n}\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Acworth, R. I.\",\"Rau, G. C.\",\"Cuthbert, M. O.\",\"Jensen, E.\",\"Leggett, K.\"],\"key\":\"Acworth-2016a\",\"id\":\"Acworth-2016a\",\"bibbaseid\":\"acworth-rau-cuthbert-jensen-leggett-longtermspatiotemporalprecipitationvariabilityinaridzoneaustraliaandimplicationsforgroundwaterrecharge-2016\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{},\"keyword\":[\"arid regions\",\"australia\",\"groundwater\",\"groundwater monitoring\",\"groundwater recharge\",\"relations\",\"surface-water\",\"water budget\"],\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{\"rau, g\":\"https://gcrau.github.io/\"}},\"downloads\":0,\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"article\",\"type\":\"Journal article\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Coleborn\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Katie\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Rau\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Gabriel\",\"C.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Cuthbert\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Mark\",\"O.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Baker\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Andy\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Navarre\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Owen\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"title\":\"Solar-forced diurnal regulation of cave drip rates via phreatophyte evapotranspiration\",\"journal\":\"Hydrology and Earth System Sciences\",\"year\":\"2016\",\"date\":\"2016-10-11\",\"volume\":\"20\",\"number\":\"11\",\"pages\":\"4439-4455\",\"issn\":\"1607-7938\",\"if\":\"3.990\",\"snip\":\"1.392\",\"abstract\":\"We present results of a detailed study of drip rate variations at 12 drip discharge sites in Glory Hole Cave, New South Wales, Australia. Our novel time series analysis, using the wavelet synchrosqueezed transform, reveals pronounced oscillations at daily and sub-daily frequencies occurring in 8 out of the 12 monitored sites. These oscillations were not spatially or temporally homogenous, with different drip sites exhibiting such behaviour at different times of year in different parts of the cave. We test several hypotheses for the cause of the oscillations, including variations in pressure gradients between karst and cave due to cave breathing effects or atmospheric and earth tides, variations in hydraulic conductivity due to changes in viscosity of water with daily temperature oscillations, and solar-driven daily cycles of vegetative (phreatophytic) transpiration. We conclude that the only hypothesis consistent with the data and hydrologic theory is that daily oscillations are caused by solar-driven pumping by phreatophytic trees which are abundant at the site. The daily oscillations are not continuous and occur sporadically in short bursts (2&ndash;14 days) throughout the year due to non-linear modification of the solar signal via complex karst architecture. This is the first indirect observation leading to the hypothesis of tree water use in cave drip water. It has important implications for karst hydrology in regards to developing a new protocol to determine the relative importance of trends in drip rate, such as diurnal oscillations, and how these trends change over timescales of weeks to years. This information can also be used to infer karst architecture. This study demonstrates the importance of vegetation on recharge dynamics, information that will inform both process-based karst models and empirical estimation approaches. Our findings support a growing body of research exploring the impact of trees on speleothem paleoclimate proxies.\",\"doi\":\"10.5194/hess-20-4439-2016\",\"isbn\":\"1027-5606\",\"bibtex\":\"@Article{Coleborn-2016,\\n  author   = {Coleborn, Katie and Rau, Gabriel C. and Cuthbert, Mark O. and Baker, Andy and Navarre, Owen},\\n  title    = {{Solar-forced diurnal regulation of cave drip rates via phreatophyte evapotranspiration}},\\n  journal  = {Hydrology and Earth System Sciences},\\n  year     = {2016},\\n  date     = {2016-10-11},\\n  volume   = {20},\\n  number   = {11},\\n  pages    = {4439-4455},\\n  issn     = {1607-7938},\\n  if       = {3.990},\\n  snip     = {1.392},\\n  abstract = {We present results of a detailed study of drip rate variations at 12 drip discharge sites in Glory Hole Cave, New South Wales, Australia. Our novel time series analysis, using the wavelet synchrosqueezed transform, reveals pronounced oscillations at daily and sub-daily frequencies occurring in 8 out of the 12 monitored sites. These oscillations were not spatially or temporally homogenous, with different drip sites exhibiting such behaviour at different times of year in different parts of the cave. We test several hypotheses for the cause of the oscillations, including variations in pressure gradients between karst and cave due to cave breathing effects or atmospheric and earth tides, variations in hydraulic conductivity due to changes in viscosity of water with daily temperature oscillations, and solar-driven daily cycles of vegetative (phreatophytic) transpiration. We conclude that the only hypothesis consistent with the data and hydrologic theory is that daily oscillations are caused by solar-driven pumping by phreatophytic trees which are abundant at the site. The daily oscillations are not continuous and occur sporadically in short bursts (2{\\\\&}ndash;14 days) throughout the year due to non-linear modification of the solar signal via complex karst architecture. This is the first indirect observation leading to the hypothesis of tree water use in cave drip water. It has important implications for karst hydrology in regards to developing a new protocol to determine the relative importance of trends in drip rate, such as diurnal oscillations, and how these trends change over timescales of weeks to years. This information can also be used to infer karst architecture. This study demonstrates the importance of vegetation on recharge dynamics, information that will inform both process-based karst models and empirical estimation approaches. Our findings support a growing body of research exploring the impact of trees on speleothem paleoclimate proxies.},\\n  doi      = {10.5194/hess-20-4439-2016},\\n  isbn     = {1027-5606},\\n  type     = {Journal article},\\n}\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Coleborn, K.\",\"Rau, G. C.\",\"Cuthbert, M. O.\",\"Baker, A.\",\"Navarre, O.\"],\"key\":\"Coleborn-2016\",\"id\":\"Coleborn-2016\",\"bibbaseid\":\"coleborn-rau-cuthbert-baker-navarre-solarforceddiurnalregulationofcavedripratesviaphreatophyteevapotranspiration-2016\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{},\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{\"rau, g\":\"https://gcrau.github.io/\"}},\"downloads\":0,\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"article\",\"type\":\"Journal article\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Cuthbert\"],\"firstnames\":[\"M\",\"O\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Rau\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Gabriel\",\"C\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Andersen\"],\"firstnames\":[\"M\",\"S\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Roshan\"],\"firstnames\":[\"H\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Rutlidge\"],\"firstnames\":[\"H\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Marjo\"],\"firstnames\":[\"C\",\"E\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Markowska\"],\"firstnames\":[\"M\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Jex\"],\"firstnames\":[\"C\",\"N\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Graham\"],\"firstnames\":[\"P\",\"W\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Mariethoz\"],\"firstnames\":[\"G\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Acworth\"],\"firstnames\":[\"R\",\"I\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Baker\"],\"firstnames\":[\"A\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"title\":\"Evaporative cooling of speleothem drip water\",\"journal\":\"Scientific Reports\",\"year\":\"2014\",\"date\":\"2014-05-07\",\"volume\":\"4\",\"pages\":\"5162\",\"issn\":\"2045-2322\",\"era\":\"A*\",\"if\":\"5.228\",\"snip\":\"1.589\",\"abstract\":\"This study describes the first use of concurrent high-precision temperature and drip rate monitoring to explore what controls the temperature of speleothem forming drip water. Two contrasting sites, one with fast transient and one with slow constant dripping, in a temperate semi-arid location (Wellington, NSW, Australia), exhibit drip water temperatures which deviate significantly from the cave air temperature. We confirm the hypothesis that evaporative cooling is the dominant, but so far unattributed, control causing significant disequilibrium between drip water and host rock/air temperatures. The amount of cooling is dependent on the drip rate, relative humidity and ventilation. Our results have implications for the interpretation of temperature-sensitive, speleothem climate proxies such as $δ$(18)O, cave microecology and the use of heat as a tracer in karst. Understanding the processes controlling the temperature of speleothem-forming cave drip waters is vital for assessing the reliability of such deposits as archives of climate change.\",\"doi\":\"10.1038/srep05162\",\"isbn\":\"2045-2322 (Electronic)$\\\\$r2045-2322 (Linking)\",\"pmid\":\"24895139\",\"bibtex\":\"@Article{Cuthbert-2014,\\n  author   = {Cuthbert, M O and Rau, Gabriel C and Andersen, M S and Roshan, H and Rutlidge, H and Marjo, C E and Markowska, M and Jex, C N and Graham, P W and Mariethoz, G and Acworth, R I and Baker, A},\\n  title    = {{Evaporative cooling of speleothem drip water}},\\n  journal  = {Scientific Reports},\\n  year     = {2014},\\n  date     = {2014-05-07},\\n  volume   = {4},\\n  pages    = {5162},\\n  issn     = {2045-2322},\\n  era      = {A*},\\n  if       = {5.228},\\n  snip     = {1.589},\\n  abstract = {This study describes the first use of concurrent high-precision temperature and drip rate monitoring to explore what controls the temperature of speleothem forming drip water. Two contrasting sites, one with fast transient and one with slow constant dripping, in a temperate semi-arid location (Wellington, NSW, Australia), exhibit drip water temperatures which deviate significantly from the cave air temperature. We confirm the hypothesis that evaporative cooling is the dominant, but so far unattributed, control causing significant disequilibrium between drip water and host rock/air temperatures. The amount of cooling is dependent on the drip rate, relative humidity and ventilation. Our results have implications for the interpretation of temperature-sensitive, speleothem climate proxies such as $\\\\delta$(18)O, cave microecology and the use of heat as a tracer in karst. Understanding the processes controlling the temperature of speleothem-forming cave drip waters is vital for assessing the reliability of such deposits as archives of climate change.},\\n  doi      = {10.1038/srep05162},\\n  isbn     = {2045-2322 (Electronic)$\\\\backslash$r2045-2322 (Linking)},\\n  pmid     = {24895139},\\n  type     = {Journal article},\\n}\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Cuthbert, M O\",\"Rau, G. C\",\"Andersen, M S\",\"Roshan, H\",\"Rutlidge, H\",\"Marjo, C E\",\"Markowska, M\",\"Jex, C N\",\"Graham, P W\",\"Mariethoz, G\",\"Acworth, R I\",\"Baker, A\"],\"key\":\"Cuthbert-2014\",\"id\":\"Cuthbert-2014\",\"bibbaseid\":\"cuthbert-rau-andersen-roshan-rutlidge-marjo-markowska-jex-etal-evaporativecoolingofspeleothemdripwater-2014\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{},\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{\"rau, g\":\"https://gcrau.github.io/\"}},\"downloads\":0,\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"article\",\"type\":\"Journal article\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Cuthbert\"],\"firstnames\":[\"M.\",\"O.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Acworth\"],\"firstnames\":[\"R.\",\"I.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Andersen\"],\"firstnames\":[\"M.\",\"S.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Larsen\"],\"firstnames\":[\"J.\",\"R.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"McCallum\"],\"firstnames\":[\"A.\",\"M.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Rau\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Gabriel\",\"C\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Tellam\"],\"firstnames\":[\"J.\",\"H.\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"title\":\"Understanding and quantifying focused, indirect groundwater recharge from ephemeral streams using water table fluctuations\",\"journal\":\"Water Resources Research\",\"year\":\"2016\",\"date\":\"2016-02-02\",\"volume\":\"52\",\"number\":\"2\",\"pages\":\"827-840\",\"issn\":\"00431397\",\"era\":\"A*\",\"if\":\"3.792\",\"snip\":\"1.523\",\"abstract\":\"Understanding and managing groundwater resources in drylands is a challenging task, but one that is globally important. The dominant process for dryland groundwater recharge is thought to be as focused, indirect recharge from ephemeral stream losses. However, there is a global paucity of data for understanding and quantifying this process and transferable techniques for quantifying groundwater recharge in such contexts are lacking. Here we develop a generalised conceptual model for understanding water table and groundwater head fluctuations due to recharge from episodic events within ephemeral streams. By accounting for the recession characteristics of a groundwater hydrograph, we present a simple but powerful new water table fluctuation approach to quantifying focused, indirect recharge over both long term and event timescales. The technique is demonstrated using a new, and globally unparalleled, set of groundwater observations from an ephemeral stream catchment located in NSW, Australia. We find that, following episodic streamflow events down a predominantly dry channel system, groundwater head fluctuations are controlled by pressure redistribution operating at three timescales from vertical flow (days to weeks), transverse flow perpendicular to the stream (weeks to months) and longitudinal flow parallel to the stream (years to decades). In relative terms, indirect recharge decreases almost linearly away from the mountain front, both in discrete monitored events as well as in the long term average. In absolute terms, the estimated indirect recharge varies from 80 to 30 mm/a with the main uncertainty in these values stemming from uncertainty in the catchment scale hydraulic properties.\",\"doi\":\"10.1002/2015WR017503\",\"isbn\":\"6176273099\",\"keywords\":\"dryland hydrology,ephemeral stream,focused recharge,groundwater recharge,indirect recharge,mountain front,semiarid hydrology,water table fluctuation\",\"pmid\":\"1000287943\",\"bibtex\":\"@Article{Cuthbert-2016,\\n  author   = {Cuthbert, M. O. and Acworth, R. I. and Andersen, M. S. and Larsen, J. R. and McCallum, A. M. and Rau, Gabriel C and Tellam, J. H.},\\n  title    = {{Understanding and quantifying focused, indirect groundwater recharge from ephemeral streams using water table fluctuations}},\\n  journal  = {Water Resources Research},\\n  year     = {2016},\\n  date     = {2016-02-02},\\n  volume   = {52},\\n  number   = {2},\\n  pages    = {827-840},\\n  issn     = {00431397},\\n  era      = {A*},\\n  if       = {3.792},\\n  snip     = {1.523},\\n  abstract = {Understanding and managing groundwater resources in drylands is a challenging task, but one that is globally important. The dominant process for dryland groundwater recharge is thought to be as focused, indirect recharge from ephemeral stream losses. However, there is a global paucity of data for understanding and quantifying this process and transferable techniques for quantifying groundwater recharge in such contexts are lacking. Here we develop a generalised conceptual model for understanding water table and groundwater head fluctuations due to recharge from episodic events within ephemeral streams. By accounting for the recession characteristics of a groundwater hydrograph, we present a simple but powerful new water table fluctuation approach to quantifying focused, indirect recharge over both long term and event timescales. The technique is demonstrated using a new, and globally unparalleled, set of groundwater observations from an ephemeral stream catchment located in NSW, Australia. We find that, following episodic streamflow events down a predominantly dry channel system, groundwater head fluctuations are controlled by pressure redistribution operating at three timescales from vertical flow (days to weeks), transverse flow perpendicular to the stream (weeks to months) and longitudinal flow parallel to the stream (years to decades). In relative terms, indirect recharge decreases almost linearly away from the mountain front, both in discrete monitored events as well as in the long term average. In absolute terms, the estimated indirect recharge varies from 80 to 30 mm/a with the main uncertainty in these values stemming from uncertainty in the catchment scale hydraulic properties.},\\n  doi      = {10.1002/2015WR017503},\\n  isbn     = {6176273099},\\n  keywords = {dryland hydrology,ephemeral stream,focused recharge,groundwater recharge,indirect recharge,mountain front,semiarid hydrology,water table fluctuation},\\n  pmid     = {1000287943},\\n  type     = {Journal article},\\n}\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Cuthbert, M. O.\",\"Acworth, R. I.\",\"Andersen, M. S.\",\"Larsen, J. R.\",\"McCallum, A. M.\",\"Rau, G. C\",\"Tellam, J. H.\"],\"key\":\"Cuthbert-2016\",\"id\":\"Cuthbert-2016\",\"bibbaseid\":\"cuthbert-acworth-andersen-larsen-mccallum-rau-tellam-understandingandquantifyingfocusedindirectgroundwaterrechargefromephemeralstreamsusingwatertablefluctuations-2016\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{},\"keyword\":[\"dryland hydrology\",\"ephemeral stream\",\"focused recharge\",\"groundwater recharge\",\"indirect recharge\",\"mountain front\",\"semiarid hydrology\",\"water table fluctuation\"],\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{\"rau, g\":\"https://gcrau.github.io/\"}},\"downloads\":0,\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"article\",\"type\":\"Journal article\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Halloran\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Landon\",\"J\",\"S\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Roshan\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Hamid\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Rau\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Gabriel\",\"C.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Andersen\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Martin\",\"S.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Acworth\"],\"firstnames\":[\"R.\",\"Ian\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"title\":\"Improved spatial delineation of streambed properties and water fluxes using distributed temperature sensing\",\"journal\":\"Hydrological Processes\",\"year\":\"2016\",\"date\":\"2016-01-30\",\"volume\":\"30\",\"number\":\"15\",\"pages\":\"2686-2702\",\"issn\":\"08856087\",\"if\":\"2.768\",\"snip\":\"1.154\",\"abstract\":\"A new method was developed for analysing and delineating streambed water fluxes, flow conditions and hydraulic properties using coiled fibre-optic distributed temperature sensing or closely spaced discrete temperature sensors. This method allows for a thorough treatment of the spatial information embedded in temperature data by creating a matrix visualization of all possible sensor pairs. Application of the method to a 5-day field dataset reveals the complexity of shallow streambed thermal regimes. To understand how velocity estimates are affected by violations of assumptions of one-dimensional, saturated, homogeneous flow and to aid in the interpretation of field observations, the method was also applied to temperature data generated by numerical models of common field conditions: horizontal layering, presence of lateral flow and variable streambed saturation. The results show that each condition creates a distinct signature visible in the triangular matrices. The matrices are used to perform a comparison of the behaviour of one-dimensional analytical heat-tracing models. The results show that the amplitude ratio-based method of velocity calculation leads to the most reliable estimates. The minimum sensor spacing required to obtain reliable velocity estimates with discrete sensors is also investigated using field data. The developed method will aid future heat-tracing studies by providing a technique for visualizing and comparing results from fibre-optic distributed temperature sensing installations and testing the robustness of analytical heat-tracing models.\",\"doi\":\"10.1002/hyp.10806\",\"keywords\":\"distributed temperature sensing,heat as a tracer,surface water�groundwater interaction,time-series analysis\",\"bibtex\":\"@Article{Halloran-2016,\\n  author   = {Halloran, Landon J S and Roshan, Hamid and Rau, Gabriel C. and Andersen, Martin S. and Acworth, R. Ian},\\n  title    = {{Improved spatial delineation of streambed properties and water fluxes using distributed temperature sensing}},\\n  journal  = {Hydrological Processes},\\n  year     = {2016},\\n  date     = {2016-01-30},\\n  volume   = {30},\\n  number   = {15},\\n  pages    = {2686-2702},\\n  issn     = {08856087},\\n  if       = {2.768},\\n  snip     = {1.154},\\n  abstract = {A new method was developed for analysing and delineating streambed water fluxes, flow conditions and hydraulic properties using coiled fibre-optic distributed temperature sensing or closely spaced discrete temperature sensors. This method allows for a thorough treatment of the spatial information embedded in temperature data by creating a matrix visualization of all possible sensor pairs. Application of the method to a 5-day field dataset reveals the complexity of shallow streambed thermal regimes. To understand how velocity estimates are affected by violations of assumptions of one-dimensional, saturated, homogeneous flow and to aid in the interpretation of field observations, the method was also applied to temperature data generated by numerical models of common field conditions: horizontal layering, presence of lateral flow and variable streambed saturation. The results show that each condition creates a distinct signature visible in the triangular matrices. The matrices are used to perform a comparison of the behaviour of one-dimensional analytical heat-tracing models. The results show that the amplitude ratio-based method of velocity calculation leads to the most reliable estimates. The minimum sensor spacing required to obtain reliable velocity estimates with discrete sensors is also investigated using field data. The developed method will aid future heat-tracing studies by providing a technique for visualizing and comparing results from fibre-optic distributed temperature sensing installations and testing the robustness of analytical heat-tracing models.},\\n  doi      = {10.1002/hyp.10806},\\n  keywords = {distributed temperature sensing,heat as a tracer,surface water�groundwater interaction,time-series analysis},\\n  type     = {Journal article},\\n}\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Halloran, L. J S\",\"Roshan, H.\",\"Rau, G. C.\",\"Andersen, M. S.\",\"Acworth, R. I.\"],\"key\":\"Halloran-2016\",\"id\":\"Halloran-2016\",\"bibbaseid\":\"halloran-roshan-rau-andersen-acworth-improvedspatialdelineationofstreambedpropertiesandwaterfluxesusingdistributedtemperaturesensing-2016\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{},\"keyword\":[\"distributed temperature sensing\",\"heat as a tracer\",\"surface water�groundwater interaction\",\"time-series analysis\"],\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{\"rau, g\":\"https://gcrau.github.io/\"}},\"downloads\":0,\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"article\",\"type\":\"Journal article\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Halloran\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Landon\",\"J.S.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Rau\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Gabriel\",\"C.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Andersen\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Martin\",\"S.\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"title\":\"Heat as a tracer to quantify processes and properties in the vadose zone: A review\",\"journal\":\"Earth-Science Reviews\",\"year\":\"2016\",\"date\":\"2016-06-17\",\"volume\":\"159\",\"number\":\"June\",\"pages\":\"358-373\",\"issn\":\"00128252\",\"era\":\"A*\",\"if\":\"6.991\",\"snip\":\"3.034\",\"abstract\":\"Soil moisture and temperature are some of the most important controls for a wide variety of geochemical and ecological processes in the vadose zone (VZ). Soil moisture is highly variable both spatially and temporally. The development of methods to measure it on various scales has been the subject of much activity. Recently, geoscientists have been increasingly interested in measuring temperature as a proxy for hydrologic properties and parameters, including soil moisture. Here, we discuss the motivation, primary concepts, equipment, and fundamental thermal and hydraulic models related to heat and water transport in variably saturated porous media. A large variety of methods for heat tracing, including both passive and active-heating methodologies, are detailed. Heat tracing methods offer the capacity to measure soil moisture on a scale from \\\\ ??1??cm up to several km using temperature, a parameter whose measurement in VZ studies is often required anyway due to its effect on many subsurface processes. Furthermore, heat-tracing methods are not affected by high salinity pore water that can limit electromagnetic soil moisture methods. We also review coupled thermo-hydro VZ modelling software and VZ thermal regime studies and identify several knowledge gaps. With the intention to serve as an introduction to VZ heat-tracing, this review consolidates recent advances and outlines potential themes for future research.\",\"doi\":\"10.1016/j.earscirev.2016.06.009\",\"keywords\":\"Heat transport,Heat-as-a-tracer,Hydrogeology,Hydrogeophysics,Soil moisture,Thermal regime,Unsaturated subsurface,Vadose zone\",\"publisher\":\"Elsevier B.V.\",\"bibtex\":\"@Article{Halloran-2016a,\\n  author    = {Halloran, Landon J.S. and Rau, Gabriel C. and Andersen, Martin S.},\\n  title     = {{Heat as a tracer to quantify processes and properties in the vadose zone: A review}},\\n  journal   = {Earth-Science Reviews},\\n  year      = {2016},\\n  date      = {2016-06-17},\\n  volume    = {159},\\n  number    = {June},\\n  pages     = {358-373},\\n  issn      = {00128252},\\n  era       = {A*},\\n  if        = {6.991},\\n  snip      = {3.034},\\n  abstract  = {Soil moisture and temperature are some of the most important controls for a wide variety of geochemical and ecological processes in the vadose zone (VZ). Soil moisture is highly variable both spatially and temporally. The development of methods to measure it on various scales has been the subject of much activity. Recently, geoscientists have been increasingly interested in measuring temperature as a proxy for hydrologic properties and parameters, including soil moisture. Here, we discuss the motivation, primary concepts, equipment, and fundamental thermal and hydraulic models related to heat and water transport in variably saturated porous media. A large variety of methods for heat tracing, including both passive and active-heating methodologies, are detailed. Heat tracing methods offer the capacity to measure soil moisture on a scale from {\\\\~{}}??1??cm up to several km using temperature, a parameter whose measurement in VZ studies is often required anyway due to its effect on many subsurface processes. Furthermore, heat-tracing methods are not affected by high salinity pore water that can limit electromagnetic soil moisture methods. We also review coupled thermo-hydro VZ modelling software and VZ thermal regime studies and identify several knowledge gaps. With the intention to serve as an introduction to VZ heat-tracing, this review consolidates recent advances and outlines potential themes for future research.},\\n  doi       = {10.1016/j.earscirev.2016.06.009},\\n  keywords  = {Heat transport,Heat-as-a-tracer,Hydrogeology,Hydrogeophysics,Soil moisture,Thermal regime,Unsaturated subsurface,Vadose zone},\\n  publisher = {Elsevier B.V.},\\n  type      = {Journal article},\\n}\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Halloran, L. J.\",\"Rau, G. C.\",\"Andersen, M. S.\"],\"key\":\"Halloran-2016a\",\"id\":\"Halloran-2016a\",\"bibbaseid\":\"halloran-rau-andersen-heatasatracertoquantifyprocessesandpropertiesinthevadosezoneareview-2016\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{},\"keyword\":[\"Heat transport\",\"Heat-as-a-tracer\",\"Hydrogeology\",\"Hydrogeophysics\",\"Soil moisture\",\"Thermal regime\",\"Unsaturated subsurface\",\"Vadose zone\"],\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{\"rau, g\":\"https://gcrau.github.io/\"}},\"downloads\":0,\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"article\",\"type\":\"Journal article\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Kelly\"],\"firstnames\":[\"B.\",\"F\",\"J\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Timms\"],\"firstnames\":[\"W.\",\"A.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Andersen\"],\"firstnames\":[\"M.\",\"S.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"McCallum\"],\"firstnames\":[\"A.\",\"M.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Blakers\"],\"firstnames\":[\"R.\",\"S.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Smith\"],\"firstnames\":[\"R.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Rau\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Gabriel\",\"C\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Badenhop\"],\"firstnames\":[\"A.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Ludowici\"],\"firstnames\":[\"K.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Acworth\"],\"firstnames\":[\"R.\",\"I.\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"title\":\"Aquifer heterogeneity and response time: the challenge for groundwater management\",\"journal\":\"Crop and Pasture Science\",\"year\":\"2013\",\"date\":\"2013-11-06\",\"volume\":\"64\",\"number\":\"11-12\",\"pages\":\"1141-1154\",\"issn\":\"1836-0947\",\"abstract\":\"Groundwater is an important contributor to irrigation water supplies. The time lag between withdrawal and the subsequent impacts on the river corridor presents a challenge for water management. We highlight aspects of this challenge by examining trends in the groundwater levels and changes in groundwater management goals for the Namoi Catchment, which is within the Murray-Darling Basin, Australia. The first high-volume irrigation bore was installed in the cotton-growing districts in the Namoi Catchment in 1966. The development of high-yielding bores made accessible a vast new water supply, enabling cotton growers to buffer the droughts. Prior to the development of a groundwater resource it is difficult to accurately predict how the water at the point of withdrawal is hydraulically connected to recharge zones and nearby surface-water features. This is due to the heterogeneity of the sediments from which the water is withdrawn. It can take years or decades for the impact of groundwater withdrawal to be transmitted kilometres through the aquifer system. We present the analysis of both historical and new groundwater level and streamflow data to quantify the impacts of extensive groundwater withdrawals on the watertable, hydraulic gradients within the semi-confined aquifers, and the movement of water between rivers and aquifers. The results highlight the need to monitor the impacts of irrigated agriculture at both the regional and local scales, and the need for additional research on how to optimise the conjunctive use of both surface-water and groundwater to sustain irrigated agriculture while minimising the impact on groundwater-dependent ecosystems.\",\"doi\":\"10.1071/CP13084\",\"isbn\":\"1836-0947\",\"keywords\":\"cotton,ecohydrology,groundwater,hydrology,irrigation,surface-water\",\"language\":\"English\",\"bibtex\":\"@Article{Kelly-2013,\\n  author   = {Kelly, B. F J and Timms, W. A. and Andersen, M. S. and McCallum, A. M. and Blakers, R. S. and Smith, R. and Rau, Gabriel C and Badenhop, A. and Ludowici, K. and Acworth, R. I.},\\n  title    = {{Aquifer heterogeneity and response time: the challenge for groundwater management}},\\n  journal  = {Crop and Pasture Science},\\n  year     = {2013},\\n  date     = {2013-11-06},\\n  volume   = {64},\\n  number   = {11-12},\\n  pages    = {1141-1154},\\n  issn     = {1836-0947},\\n  abstract = {Groundwater is an important contributor to irrigation water supplies. The time lag between withdrawal and the subsequent impacts on the river corridor presents a challenge for water management. We highlight aspects of this challenge by examining trends in the groundwater levels and changes in groundwater management goals for the Namoi Catchment, which is within the Murray-Darling Basin, Australia. The first high-volume irrigation bore was installed in the cotton-growing districts in the Namoi Catchment in 1966. The development of high-yielding bores made accessible a vast new water supply, enabling cotton growers to buffer the droughts. Prior to the development of a groundwater resource it is difficult to accurately predict how the water at the point of withdrawal is hydraulically connected to recharge zones and nearby surface-water features. This is due to the heterogeneity of the sediments from which the water is withdrawn. It can take years or decades for the impact of groundwater withdrawal to be transmitted kilometres through the aquifer system. We present the analysis of both historical and new groundwater level and streamflow data to quantify the impacts of extensive groundwater withdrawals on the watertable, hydraulic gradients within the semi-confined aquifers, and the movement of water between rivers and aquifers. The results highlight the need to monitor the impacts of irrigated agriculture at both the regional and local scales, and the need for additional research on how to optimise the conjunctive use of both surface-water and groundwater to sustain irrigated agriculture while minimising the impact on groundwater-dependent ecosystems.},\\n  doi      = {10.1071/CP13084},\\n  isbn     = {1836-0947},\\n  keywords = {cotton,ecohydrology,groundwater,hydrology,irrigation,surface-water},\\n  language = {English},\\n  type     = {Journal article},\\n}\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Kelly, B. F J\",\"Timms, W. A.\",\"Andersen, M. S.\",\"McCallum, A. M.\",\"Blakers, R. S.\",\"Smith, R.\",\"Rau, G. C\",\"Badenhop, A.\",\"Ludowici, K.\",\"Acworth, R. I.\"],\"key\":\"Kelly-2013\",\"id\":\"Kelly-2013\",\"bibbaseid\":\"kelly-timms-andersen-mccallum-blakers-smith-rau-badenhop-etal-aquiferheterogeneityandresponsetimethechallengeforgroundwatermanagement-2013\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{},\"keyword\":[\"cotton\",\"ecohydrology\",\"groundwater\",\"hydrology\",\"irrigation\",\"surface-water\"],\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{\"rau, g\":\"https://gcrau.github.io/\"}},\"downloads\":0,\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"article\",\"type\":\"Journal article\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"McCallum\"],\"firstnames\":[\"A.\",\"M.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Andersen\"],\"firstnames\":[\"M.\",\"S.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Rau\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Gabriel\",\"C\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Acworth\"],\"firstnames\":[\"R.\",\"I.\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"title\":\"A 1-D analytical method for estimating surface water-groundwater interactions and effective thermal diffusivity using temperature time series\",\"journal\":\"Water Resources Research\",\"year\":\"2012\",\"date\":\"2012-11-30\",\"volume\":\"48\",\"number\":\"11\",\"issn\":\"00431397\",\"era\":\"A*\",\"if\":\"3.792\",\"snip\":\"1.523\",\"abstract\":\"In order to manage surface water (SW) and groundwater (GW) as a single resource, it is necessary that the interactions between them are understood and quantified. Heat, as a natural tracer of water movement, is increasingly being used for this purpose. However, analytical methods that are commonly used are limited by uncertainties in the effective thermal diffusivity of the sediments at the SW-GW interface. We present a novel 1-D analytical method. It utilizes both the amplitude ratio and phase shift of pairs of temperature time series at the SW-GW interface to estimate the Darcy velocity. This eliminates both the need to specify a value for effective thermal diffusivity and the need for iteration. The method also allows for an estimation of effective thermal diffusivity, which can indicate periods where assumptions to the analytical solution are violated. Riverbed temperature data from the Murray Darling Basin (Australia) are used to illustrate the method.\",\"doi\":\"10.1029/2012WR012007\",\"isbn\":\"0043-1397\",\"publisher\":\"Wiley-Blackwell\",\"bibtex\":\"@Article{McCallum-2012,\\n  author    = {McCallum, A. M. and Andersen, M. S. and Rau, Gabriel C and Acworth, R. I.},\\n  title     = {{A 1-D analytical method for estimating surface water-groundwater interactions and effective thermal diffusivity using temperature time series}},\\n  journal   = {Water Resources Research},\\n  year      = {2012},\\n  date      = {2012-11-30},\\n  volume    = {48},\\n  number    = {11},\\n  issn      = {00431397},\\n  era       = {A*},\\n  if        = {3.792},\\n  snip      = {1.523},\\n  abstract  = {In order to manage surface water (SW) and groundwater (GW) as a single resource, it is necessary that the interactions between them are understood and quantified. Heat, as a natural tracer of water movement, is increasingly being used for this purpose. However, analytical methods that are commonly used are limited by uncertainties in the effective thermal diffusivity of the sediments at the SW-GW interface. We present a novel 1-D analytical method. It utilizes both the amplitude ratio and phase shift of pairs of temperature time series at the SW-GW interface to estimate the Darcy velocity. This eliminates both the need to specify a value for effective thermal diffusivity and the need for iteration. The method also allows for an estimation of effective thermal diffusivity, which can indicate periods where assumptions to the analytical solution are violated. Riverbed temperature data from the Murray Darling Basin (Australia) are used to illustrate the method.},\\n  doi       = {10.1029/2012WR012007},\\n  isbn      = {0043-1397},\\n  publisher = {Wiley-Blackwell},\\n  type      = {Journal article},\\n}\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"McCallum, A. M.\",\"Andersen, M. S.\",\"Rau, G. C\",\"Acworth, R. I.\"],\"key\":\"McCallum-2012\",\"id\":\"McCallum-2012\",\"bibbaseid\":\"mccallum-andersen-rau-acworth-a1danalyticalmethodforestimatingsurfacewatergroundwaterinteractionsandeffectivethermaldiffusivityusingtemperaturetimeseries-2012\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{},\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{\"rau, g\":\"https://gcrau.github.io/\"}},\"downloads\":0,\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"article\",\"type\":\"Journal article\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"McCallum\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Andrew\",\"M.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Andersen\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Martin\",\"S.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Rau\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Gabriel\",\"C.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Larsen\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Joshua\",\"R.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Acworth\"],\"firstnames\":[\"R.\",\"Ian\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"title\":\"River-aquifer interactions in a semiarid environment investigated using point and reach measurements\",\"journal\":\"Water Resources Research\",\"year\":\"2014\",\"date\":\"2014-03-02\",\"volume\":\"50\",\"number\":\"4\",\"pages\":\"2815-2829\",\"issn\":\"00431397\",\"era\":\"A*\",\"if\":\"3.792\",\"snip\":\"1.523\",\"abstract\":\"A critical hydrological process is the interaction between rivers and aquifers. However, accurately determining this interaction from one method alone is difficult. At a point, the water exchange in the riverbed can be determined using temperature variations over depth. Over the river reach, differential gauging can be used to determine averaged losses or gains. This study combines these two methods and applies them to a 34 km reach of a semiarid river in eastern Australia under highly transient conditions. It is found that high and low river flows translate into high and low riverbed Darcy fluxes, and that these are strongly losing during high flows, and only slightly losing or gaining for low flows. The spatial variability in riverbed Darcy fluxes may be explained by riverbed heterogeneity, with higher variability at greater spatial scales. Although the river-aquifer gradient is the main driver of riverbed Darcy flux at high flows, considerable uncertainty in both the flux magnitude and direction estimates were found during low flows. The reach-scale results demonstrate that high-flow events account for 64% of the reach loss (or 43% if overbank events are excluded) despite occurring only 11% of the time. By examining the relationship between total flow volume, river stage and duration for in-channel flows, we find the loss ratio (flow loss/total flow) can be greater for smaller flows than larger flows with similar duration. Implications of the study for the modeling and management of connected water resources are also discussed.\",\"doi\":\"10.1002/2012WR012922\",\"isbn\":\"1944-7973\",\"keywords\":\"groundwater,river gauging,river-aquifer interactions,semiarid,surface water,temperature,water resource management,water resource modeling\",\"language\":\"English\",\"bibtex\":\"@Article{McCallum-2014,\\n  author   = {McCallum, Andrew M. and Andersen, Martin S. and Rau, Gabriel C. and Larsen, Joshua R. and Acworth, R. Ian},\\n  title    = {{River-aquifer interactions in a semiarid environment investigated using point and reach measurements}},\\n  journal  = {Water Resources Research},\\n  year     = {2014},\\n  date     = {2014-03-02},\\n  volume   = {50},\\n  number   = {4},\\n  pages    = {2815-2829},\\n  issn     = {00431397},\\n  era      = {A*},\\n  if       = {3.792},\\n  snip     = {1.523},\\n  abstract = {A critical hydrological process is the interaction between rivers and aquifers. However, accurately determining this interaction from one method alone is difficult. At a point, the water exchange in the riverbed can be determined using temperature variations over depth. Over the river reach, differential gauging can be used to determine averaged losses or gains. This study combines these two methods and applies them to a 34 km reach of a semiarid river in eastern Australia under highly transient conditions. It is found that high and low river flows translate into high and low riverbed Darcy fluxes, and that these are strongly losing during high flows, and only slightly losing or gaining for low flows. The spatial variability in riverbed Darcy fluxes may be explained by riverbed heterogeneity, with higher variability at greater spatial scales. Although the river-aquifer gradient is the main driver of riverbed Darcy flux at high flows, considerable uncertainty in both the flux magnitude and direction estimates were found during low flows. The reach-scale results demonstrate that high-flow events account for 64{\\\\%} of the reach loss (or 43{\\\\%} if overbank events are excluded) despite occurring only 11{\\\\%} of the time. By examining the relationship between total flow volume, river stage and duration for in-channel flows, we find the loss ratio (flow loss/total flow) can be greater for smaller flows than larger flows with similar duration. Implications of the study for the modeling and management of connected water resources are also discussed.},\\n  doi      = {10.1002/2012WR012922},\\n  isbn     = {1944-7973},\\n  keywords = {groundwater,river gauging,river-aquifer interactions,semiarid,surface water,temperature,water resource management,water resource modeling},\\n  language = {English},\\n  type     = {Journal article},\\n}\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"McCallum, A. M.\",\"Andersen, M. S.\",\"Rau, G. C.\",\"Larsen, J. R.\",\"Acworth, R. I.\"],\"key\":\"McCallum-2014\",\"id\":\"McCallum-2014\",\"bibbaseid\":\"mccallum-andersen-rau-larsen-acworth-riveraquiferinteractionsinasemiaridenvironmentinvestigatedusingpointandreachmeasurements-2014\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{},\"keyword\":[\"groundwater\",\"river gauging\",\"river-aquifer interactions\",\"semiarid\",\"surface water\",\"temperature\",\"water resource management\",\"water resource modeling\"],\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{\"rau, g\":\"https://gcrau.github.io/\"}},\"downloads\":0,\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"article\",\"type\":\"Journal article\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Rau\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Gabriel\",\"C.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Andersen\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Martin\",\"S.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Acworth\"],\"firstnames\":[\"R.\",\"Ian\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"title\":\"Experimental investigation of the thermal time-series method for surface water-groundwater interactions\",\"journal\":\"Water Resources Research\",\"year\":\"2012\",\"date\":\"2012-03-30\",\"volume\":\"48\",\"number\":\"3\",\"issn\":\"00431397\",\"era\":\"A*\",\"if\":\"3.792\",\"snip\":\"1.523\",\"abstract\":\"Diel temperature fluctuations have been used to quantify vertical water flow through saturated sediments with 1-D analytical heat models. The underlying transport equation relies on assumptions that could be violated using field temperature records. To test the capability of thismethod a hydraulic laboratory experiment was designed. A mass of fully water-saturated homogeneous sand was exposed to 19 different uniformpressure gradients inducing steady state Darcy velocities 0 \\\\textless q \\\\textless 25 m d?1. An areal heating grid generated steady sinusoidal thermal forcing.Multipoint sediment temperature responses demonstrated increasing spatial variability for increasing velocities. This introduced horizontal temperature gradients. Velocities calculated from heat tracing were compared to velocities independently obtained from solute slugs. Heat- and solute-derived velocities agreed for q \\\\textless 3md?1, but heat- derived velocities were consistently larger at higher velocities. Temperature amplitude- and phase-derived velocities revealed significant scatter when compared to solute velocities. This scatter reduced when amplitude- and phase-derived velocities were compared for each sensor pair. The variability in heat-derived velocities therefore represents a spatially variable flow field in the sand. However, amplitude- and phase-derived velocities deviated from a 1:1 relationship at higher velocities. This can partly be explained by longitudinal thermal dispersivity, and partly by enhanced thermal spreading due to horizontal temperature gradients originating from nonuniform flow. This is surprising given the homogeneous sand and transition zone transport conditions (Pet \\\\textless 0.7). These findings have implications for the quantification of velocities from field records because field conditions are likely more heterogeneous, which would exacerbate the effects found in this study.\",\"doi\":\"10.1029/2011WR011560\",\"isbn\":\"0043-1397\",\"keywords\":\"groundwater heat tracer surface water 1828 Hydrolo\",\"bibtex\":\"@Article{Rau-2012,\\n  author   = {Rau, Gabriel C. and Andersen, Martin S. and Acworth, R. Ian},\\n  title    = {{Experimental investigation of the thermal time-series method for surface water-groundwater interactions}},\\n  journal  = {Water Resources Research},\\n  year     = {2012},\\n  date     = {2012-03-30},\\n  volume   = {48},\\n  number   = {3},\\n  issn     = {00431397},\\n  era      = {A*},\\n  if       = {3.792},\\n  snip     = {1.523},\\n  abstract = {Diel temperature fluctuations have been used to quantify vertical water flow through saturated sediments with 1-D analytical heat models. The underlying transport equation relies on assumptions that could be violated using field temperature records. To test the capability of thismethod a hydraulic laboratory experiment was designed. A mass of fully water-saturated homogeneous sand was exposed to 19 different uniformpressure gradients inducing steady state Darcy velocities 0 {\\\\textless} q {\\\\textless} 25 m d?1. An areal heating grid generated steady sinusoidal thermal forcing.Multipoint sediment temperature responses demonstrated increasing spatial variability for increasing velocities. This introduced horizontal temperature gradients. Velocities calculated from heat tracing were compared to velocities independently obtained from solute slugs. Heat- and solute-derived velocities agreed for q {\\\\textless} 3md?1, but heat- derived velocities were consistently larger at higher velocities. Temperature amplitude- and phase-derived velocities revealed significant scatter when compared to solute velocities. This scatter reduced when amplitude- and phase-derived velocities were compared for each sensor pair. The variability in heat-derived velocities therefore represents a spatially variable flow field in the sand. However, amplitude- and phase-derived velocities deviated from a 1:1 relationship at higher velocities. This can partly be explained by longitudinal thermal dispersivity, and partly by enhanced thermal spreading due to horizontal temperature gradients originating from nonuniform flow. This is surprising given the homogeneous sand and transition zone transport conditions (Pet {\\\\textless} 0.7). These findings have implications for the quantification of velocities from field records because field conditions are likely more heterogeneous, which would exacerbate the effects found in this study.},\\n  doi      = {10.1029/2011WR011560},\\n  isbn     = {0043-1397},\\n  keywords = {groundwater heat tracer surface water 1828 Hydrolo},\\n  type     = {Journal article},\\n}\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Rau, G. C.\",\"Andersen, M. S.\",\"Acworth, R. I.\"],\"key\":\"Rau-2012\",\"id\":\"Rau-2012\",\"bibbaseid\":\"rau-andersen-acworth-experimentalinvestigationofthethermaltimeseriesmethodforsurfacewatergroundwaterinteractions-2012\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{},\"keyword\":[\"groundwater heat tracer surface water 1828 Hydrolo\"],\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{\"rau, g\":\"https://gcrau.github.io/\"}},\"downloads\":0,\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"article\",\"type\":\"Journal article\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Rau\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Gabriel\",\"C.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Andersen\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Martin\",\"S.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Acworth\"],\"firstnames\":[\"R.\",\"Ian\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"title\":\"Experimental investigation of the thermal dispersivity term and its significance in the heat transport equation for flow in sediments\",\"journal\":\"Water Resources Research\",\"year\":\"2012\",\"date\":\"2012-03-10\",\"volume\":\"48\",\"number\":\"3\",\"issn\":\"00431397\",\"era\":\"A*\",\"if\":\"3.792\",\"snip\":\"1.523\",\"abstract\":\"A review of heat and solute transport in sediments demonstrates that the use of heat as a tracer has not been experimentally evaluated under the same experimental conditions as those used for the evaluation of solute as a tracer. Furthermore, there appears to be disagreement in the earth science literature over the significance of the thermal dispersivity term. To help resolve this disagreement, detailed experimentation with typical groundwater flow velocities (Darcy range, Re \\\\textless 2.5) was conducted in a specifically designed hydraulic tank containing well-sorted saturated sand. The experiment enabled, for the first time, the precise monitoring of heat and solute tracer movement from a point source in separate runs under identical solid matrix and steady state flow conditions. Experimental results demonstrate that heat transport with natural groundwater flow velocities can reach a transition zone between conduction and convection (0.5 \\\\textless Pet \\\\textless 2.5). The thermal dispersion behavior can be described by using a thermal dispersivity coefficient and the square of the thermal front velocity. We propose an empirical formulation for thermal dispersion with Darcy flow in natural porous media and clarify the disagreement regarding its significance. Finally, it was observed that Darcy velocities independently derived from heat and solute experimentation show a systematic discrepancy of up to 20%, and that experimental thermal dispersion results contain significant scatter.\",\"doi\":\"10.1029/2011WR011038\",\"isbn\":\"0043-1397\",\"language\":\"English\",\"bibtex\":\"@Article{Rau-2012a,\\n  author   = {Rau, Gabriel C. and Andersen, Martin S. and Acworth, R. Ian},\\n  title    = {{Experimental investigation of the thermal dispersivity term and its significance in the heat transport equation for flow in sediments}},\\n  journal  = {Water Resources Research},\\n  year     = {2012},\\n  date     = {2012-03-10},\\n  volume   = {48},\\n  number   = {3},\\n  issn     = {00431397},\\n  era      = {A*},\\n  if       = {3.792},\\n  snip     = {1.523},\\n  abstract = {A review of heat and solute transport in sediments demonstrates that the use of heat as a tracer has not been experimentally evaluated under the same experimental conditions as those used for the evaluation of solute as a tracer. Furthermore, there appears to be disagreement in the earth science literature over the significance of the thermal dispersivity term. To help resolve this disagreement, detailed experimentation with typical groundwater flow velocities (Darcy range, Re {\\\\textless} 2.5) was conducted in a specifically designed hydraulic tank containing well-sorted saturated sand. The experiment enabled, for the first time, the precise monitoring of heat and solute tracer movement from a point source in separate runs under identical solid matrix and steady state flow conditions. Experimental results demonstrate that heat transport with natural groundwater flow velocities can reach a transition zone between conduction and convection (0.5 {\\\\textless} Pet {\\\\textless} 2.5). The thermal dispersion behavior can be described by using a thermal dispersivity coefficient and the square of the thermal front velocity. We propose an empirical formulation for thermal dispersion with Darcy flow in natural porous media and clarify the disagreement regarding its significance. Finally, it was observed that Darcy velocities independently derived from heat and solute experimentation show a systematic discrepancy of up to 20{\\\\%}, and that experimental thermal dispersion results contain significant scatter.},\\n  doi      = {10.1029/2011WR011038},\\n  isbn     = {0043-1397},\\n  language = {English},\\n  type     = {Journal article},\\n}\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Rau, G. C.\",\"Andersen, M. S.\",\"Acworth, R. I.\"],\"key\":\"Rau-2012a\",\"id\":\"Rau-2012a\",\"bibbaseid\":\"rau-andersen-acworth-experimentalinvestigationofthethermaldispersivitytermanditssignificanceintheheattransportequationforflowinsediments-2012\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{},\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{\"rau, g\":\"https://gcrau.github.io/\"}},\"downloads\":0,\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"article\",\"type\":\"Journal article\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Rau\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Gabriel\",\"C.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Andersen\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Martin\",\"S.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"McCallum\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Andrew\",\"M.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Acworth\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Richard\",\"Ian\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"title\":\"Analytical methods that use natural heat as a tracer to quantify surface water-groundwater exchange, evaluated using field temperature records\",\"journal\":\"Hydrogeology Journal\",\"year\":\"2010\",\"date\":\"2010-03-11\",\"volume\":\"18\",\"number\":\"5\",\"pages\":\"1093-1110\",\"issn\":\"1431-2174\",\"if\":\"2.028\",\"snip\":\"1.185\",\"abstract\":\"Two methods applying natural heat as a tracer to quantify surface watergroundwater exchange were evaluated using field data. Arrays capable of monitoring and recording the streambed response to diurnal temper- ature variations in the surface water were deployed for a 2-month period in three locations in perennial pools at Maules Creek, New South Wales, Australia. Multi-level array design, field deployment and parameter estimation are discussed. The applicability of analytical solutions derived from the heat transport equation to the streambed environments was analysed using the recorded temperature time series. The stream was found to lose water to the aquifer, which was supported by simultaneously recorded hydraulic gradients. However, the one-dimensional (1D) analytical solutions did not adequately describe the observed streambed thermal response at two locations. The resulting artefacts in the estimated flow velocities are discussed. Itwas hypothesised that the artefacts originate from model limi- tation due to streambed heterogeneity and application of 1D solutions tomulti-dimensional and dynamic streambed flow. This consequently imposes limitations on the field applic- ability of the methods. Nevertheless, in combination with time series of surface water and streambed water levels, the use of heat as a tracer provided a powerful tool for better understanding the shallow hydrogeological system.\",\"doi\":\"10.1007/s10040-010-0586-0\",\"isbn\":\"6129949448\",\"keywords\":\"Australia,Groundwater/surface-water relations,Heat modelling,Temperature,Thermal conditions\",\"bibtex\":\"@Article{Rau-2010,\\n  author   = {Rau, Gabriel C. and Andersen, Martin S. and McCallum, Andrew M. and Acworth, Richard Ian},\\n  title    = {{Analytical methods that use natural heat as a tracer to quantify surface water-groundwater exchange, evaluated using field temperature records}},\\n  journal  = {Hydrogeology Journal},\\n  year     = {2010},\\n  date     = {2010-03-11},\\n  volume   = {18},\\n  number   = {5},\\n  pages    = {1093-1110},\\n  issn     = {1431-2174},\\n  if       = {2.028},\\n  snip     = {1.185},\\n  abstract = {Two methods applying natural heat as a tracer to quantify surface watergroundwater exchange were evaluated using field data. Arrays capable of monitoring and recording the streambed response to diurnal temper- ature variations in the surface water were deployed for a 2-month period in three locations in perennial pools at Maules Creek, New South Wales, Australia. Multi-level array design, field deployment and parameter estimation are discussed. The applicability of analytical solutions derived from the heat transport equation to the streambed environments was analysed using the recorded temperature time series. The stream was found to lose water to the aquifer, which was supported by simultaneously recorded hydraulic gradients. However, the one-dimensional (1D) analytical solutions did not adequately describe the observed streambed thermal response at two locations. The resulting artefacts in the estimated flow velocities are discussed. Itwas hypothesised that the artefacts originate from model limi- tation due to streambed heterogeneity and application of 1D solutions tomulti-dimensional and dynamic streambed flow. This consequently imposes limitations on the field applic- ability of the methods. Nevertheless, in combination with time series of surface water and streambed water levels, the use of heat as a tracer provided a powerful tool for better understanding the shallow hydrogeological system.},\\n  doi      = {10.1007/s10040-010-0586-0},\\n  isbn     = {6129949448},\\n  keywords = {Australia,Groundwater/surface-water relations,Heat modelling,Temperature,Thermal conditions},\\n  type     = {Journal article},\\n}\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Rau, G. C.\",\"Andersen, M. S.\",\"McCallum, A. M.\",\"Acworth, R. I.\"],\"key\":\"Rau-2010\",\"id\":\"Rau-2010\",\"bibbaseid\":\"rau-andersen-mccallum-acworth-analyticalmethodsthatusenaturalheatasatracertoquantifysurfacewatergroundwaterexchangeevaluatedusingfieldtemperaturerecords-2010\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{},\"keyword\":[\"Australia\",\"Groundwater/surface-water relations\",\"Heat modelling\",\"Temperature\",\"Thermal conditions\"],\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{\"rau, g\":\"https://gcrau.github.io/\"}},\"downloads\":0,\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"article\",\"type\":\"Journal article\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Rau\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Gabriel\",\"C.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Andersen\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Martin\",\"S.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"McCallum\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Andrew\",\"M.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Roshan\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Hamid\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Acworth\"],\"firstnames\":[\"R.\",\"Ian\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"title\":\"Heat as a tracer to quantify water flow in near-surface sediments\",\"journal\":\"Earth-Science Reviews\",\"year\":\"2014\",\"date\":\"2013-10-28\",\"volume\":\"129\",\"pages\":\"40-58\",\"issn\":\"00128252\",\"era\":\"A*\",\"if\":\"6.991\",\"snip\":\"3.034\",\"abstract\":\"The dynamic distribution of thermal conditions present in saturated near-surface sediments have been widely utilised to quantify the flow of water. A rapidly increasing number of papers demonstrate that heat as a tracer is becoming an integral part of the toolbox used to investigate water flow in the environment. We summarise the existing body of research investigating natural and induced heat transport, and analyse the progression in fundamental and natural process understanding through the qualitative and quantitative use of heat as a tracer. Heat transport research in engineering applications partly overlaps with heat tracing research in the earth sciences but is more advanced in the fundamental understanding. Combining the findings from both areas can enhance our knowledge of the heat transport processes and highlight where research is needed. Heat tracing relies upon the mathematical heat transport equation which is subject to certain assumptions that are often neglected. This review reveals that, despite the research efforts to date, the capability of the Fourier-model applied to conductive-convective heat transport in water saturated natural materials has not yet been thoroughly tested. However, this is a prerequisite for accurate and meaningful heat transport modelling with the purpose of increasing our understanding of flow processes at different scales. This review reveals several knowledge gaps that impose significant limitations on practical applications of heat as a tracer of water flow. The review can be used as a guide for further research directions on the fundamental as well as the practical aspects of heat transport on various scales from the lab to the field. ?? 2013 Elsevier B.V.\",\"doi\":\"10.1016/j.earscirev.2013.10.015\",\"isbn\":\"0012-8252\",\"keywords\":\"Conduction heat transport,Convection heat transport,Groundwater hydrology,Heat as a tracer,Hydrogeology,Temperature data\",\"publisher\":\"Elsevier B.V.\",\"bibtex\":\"@Article{Rau-2014,\\n  author    = {Rau, Gabriel C. and Andersen, Martin S. and McCallum, Andrew M. and Roshan, Hamid and Acworth, R. Ian},\\n  title     = {{Heat as a tracer to quantify water flow in near-surface sediments}},\\n  journal   = {Earth-Science Reviews},\\n  year      = {2014},\\n  date      = {2013-10-28},\\n  volume    = {129},\\n  pages     = {40-58},\\n  issn      = {00128252},\\n  era       = {A*},\\n  if        = {6.991},\\n  snip      = {3.034},\\n  abstract  = {The dynamic distribution of thermal conditions present in saturated near-surface sediments have been widely utilised to quantify the flow of water. A rapidly increasing number of papers demonstrate that heat as a tracer is becoming an integral part of the toolbox used to investigate water flow in the environment. We summarise the existing body of research investigating natural and induced heat transport, and analyse the progression in fundamental and natural process understanding through the qualitative and quantitative use of heat as a tracer. Heat transport research in engineering applications partly overlaps with heat tracing research in the earth sciences but is more advanced in the fundamental understanding. Combining the findings from both areas can enhance our knowledge of the heat transport processes and highlight where research is needed. Heat tracing relies upon the mathematical heat transport equation which is subject to certain assumptions that are often neglected. This review reveals that, despite the research efforts to date, the capability of the Fourier-model applied to conductive-convective heat transport in water saturated natural materials has not yet been thoroughly tested. However, this is a prerequisite for accurate and meaningful heat transport modelling with the purpose of increasing our understanding of flow processes at different scales. This review reveals several knowledge gaps that impose significant limitations on practical applications of heat as a tracer of water flow. The review can be used as a guide for further research directions on the fundamental as well as the practical aspects of heat transport on various scales from the lab to the field. ?? 2013 Elsevier B.V.},\\n  doi       = {10.1016/j.earscirev.2013.10.015},\\n  isbn      = {0012-8252},\\n  keywords  = {Conduction heat transport,Convection heat transport,Groundwater hydrology,Heat as a tracer,Hydrogeology,Temperature data},\\n  publisher = {Elsevier B.V.},\\n  type      = {Journal article},\\n}\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Rau, G. C.\",\"Andersen, M. S.\",\"McCallum, A. M.\",\"Roshan, H.\",\"Acworth, R. I.\"],\"key\":\"Rau-2014\",\"id\":\"Rau-2014\",\"bibbaseid\":\"rau-andersen-mccallum-roshan-acworth-heatasatracertoquantifywaterflowinnearsurfacesediments-2014\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{},\"keyword\":[\"Conduction heat transport\",\"Convection heat transport\",\"Groundwater hydrology\",\"Heat as a tracer\",\"Hydrogeology\",\"Temperature data\"],\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{\"rau, g\":\"https://gcrau.github.io/\"}},\"downloads\":0,\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"article\",\"type\":\"Journal article\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Rau\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Gabriel\",\"C.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Cuthbert\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Mark\",\"O.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Andersen\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Martin\",\"S.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Baker\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Andy\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Rutlidge\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Helen\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Markowska\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Monika\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Roshan\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Hamid\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Marjo\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Christopher\",\"E.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Graham\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Peter\",\"W.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Acworth\"],\"firstnames\":[\"R.\",\"Ian\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"title\":\"Controls on cave drip water temperature and implications for speleothem-based paleoclimate reconstructions\",\"journal\":\"Quaternary Science Reviews\",\"year\":\"2015\",\"date\":\"2015-03-28\",\"volume\":\"127\",\"pages\":\"19-36\",\"issn\":\"02773791\",\"if\":\"4.521\",\"snip\":\"1.462\",\"abstract\":\"While several studies explore cave climate and thermal regimes, little is known about the controls on cave drip water temperature. Yet water temperature significantly influences biogeochemical processes associated with cave drips. To identify the processes that control the cave drip water temperature, we measured the temperatures at multiple locations along a speleothem flow path and drip sources (stalactites) concurrently with the drip rates in Cathedral Cave, Wellington, Australia. We monitored long-term drip water temperature, drip rates, surface and cave climate and in-cave evaporation rates and conducted 3 infiltration experiments with different flow, temperature and isotopic conditions. Our results show that the drip water temperature is controlled by multiple superimposed heat transport mechanisms that act upon the infiltrating water in the epikarst, the water film after it enters the cave and before it becomes a drip. The two main heat sources/sinks for drip water are the cave air and the surrounding rock. The subsurface temperature is coupled to the surface temperature by conduction through the soil and rock mass, but the cave climate is also coupled to the surface climate by venting. On a regional scale, drip temperatures are mainly driven by the annual ground surface temperature signal but damped with depth and shifted in time compared to the surface. On a local scale, the drip water temperature can differ significantly from cave air and speleothem temperature due to the latent heat exchange of evaporation and localised water film convection. The main controls are ground surface temperature, subsurface depth, air density induced ventilation, distance from entry and drip rate. We present a conceptual model that explains drip water temperature signals and provide signal driven guidance on best type and location for speleothem sampling. We anticipate that our results will significantly improve the understanding of temperature-dependent paleoclimate signals from speleothem archives.\",\"doi\":\"10.1016/j.quascirev.2015.03.026\",\"keywords\":\"Drip water temperature,Paleoclimate archive,Speleology heat transport,Speleometeorology\",\"language\":\"English\",\"publisher\":\"Elsevier BV\",\"bibtex\":\"@Article{Rau-2015,\\n  author    = {Rau, Gabriel C. and Cuthbert, Mark O. and Andersen, Martin S. and Baker, Andy and Rutlidge, Helen and Markowska, Monika and Roshan, Hamid and Marjo, Christopher E. and Graham, Peter W. and Acworth, R. Ian},\\n  title     = {{Controls on cave drip water temperature and implications for speleothem-based paleoclimate reconstructions}},\\n  journal   = {Quaternary Science Reviews},\\n  year      = {2015},\\n  date      = {2015-03-28},\\n  volume    = {127},\\n  pages     = {19-36},\\n  issn      = {02773791},\\n  if        = {4.521},\\n  snip      = {1.462},\\n  abstract  = {While several studies explore cave climate and thermal regimes, little is known about the controls on cave drip water temperature. Yet water temperature significantly influences biogeochemical processes associated with cave drips. To identify the processes that control the cave drip water temperature, we measured the temperatures at multiple locations along a speleothem flow path and drip sources (stalactites) concurrently with the drip rates in Cathedral Cave, Wellington, Australia. We monitored long-term drip water temperature, drip rates, surface and cave climate and in-cave evaporation rates and conducted 3 infiltration experiments with different flow, temperature and isotopic conditions. Our results show that the drip water temperature is controlled by multiple superimposed heat transport mechanisms that act upon the infiltrating water in the epikarst, the water film after it enters the cave and before it becomes a drip. The two main heat sources/sinks for drip water are the cave air and the surrounding rock. The subsurface temperature is coupled to the surface temperature by conduction through the soil and rock mass, but the cave climate is also coupled to the surface climate by venting. On a regional scale, drip temperatures are mainly driven by the annual ground surface temperature signal but damped with depth and shifted in time compared to the surface. On a local scale, the drip water temperature can differ significantly from cave air and speleothem temperature due to the latent heat exchange of evaporation and localised water film convection. The main controls are ground surface temperature, subsurface depth, air density induced ventilation, distance from entry and drip rate. We present a conceptual model that explains drip water temperature signals and provide signal driven guidance on best type and location for speleothem sampling. We anticipate that our results will significantly improve the understanding of temperature-dependent paleoclimate signals from speleothem archives.},\\n  doi       = {10.1016/j.quascirev.2015.03.026},\\n  keywords  = {Drip water temperature,Paleoclimate archive,Speleology heat transport,Speleometeorology},\\n  language  = {English},\\n  publisher = {Elsevier {BV}},\\n  type      = {Journal article},\\n}\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Rau, G. C.\",\"Cuthbert, M. O.\",\"Andersen, M. S.\",\"Baker, A.\",\"Rutlidge, H.\",\"Markowska, M.\",\"Roshan, H.\",\"Marjo, C. E.\",\"Graham, P. W.\",\"Acworth, R. I.\"],\"key\":\"Rau-2015\",\"id\":\"Rau-2015\",\"bibbaseid\":\"rau-cuthbert-andersen-baker-rutlidge-markowska-roshan-marjo-etal-controlsoncavedripwatertemperatureandimplicationsforspeleothembasedpaleoclimatereconstructions-2015\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{},\"keyword\":[\"Drip water temperature\",\"Paleoclimate archive\",\"Speleology heat transport\",\"Speleometeorology\"],\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{\"rau, g\":\"https://gcrau.github.io/\"}},\"downloads\":0,\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"article\",\"type\":\"Journal article\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Rau\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Gabriel\",\"C.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Cuthbert\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Mark\",\"O.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"McCallum\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Andrew\",\"M.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Halloran\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Landon\",\"J\",\"S\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Andersen\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Martin\",\"S.\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"title\":\"Assessing the accuracy of 1-D analytical heat tracing for estimating near-surface sediment thermal diffusivity and water flux under transient conditions\",\"journal\":\"Journal of Geophysical Research F: Earth Surface\",\"year\":\"2015\",\"date\":\"2015-07-18\",\"volume\":\"120\",\"number\":\"8\",\"pages\":\"1551-1573\",\"issn\":\"21699011\",\"if\":\"3.318\",\"snip\":\"1.280\",\"abstract\":\"?2015. American Geophysical Union. All Rights Reserved.Amplitude decay and phase delay of oscillating temperature records measured at two vertical locations in near-surface sediments can be used to infer water fluxes, thermal diffusivity, and sediment scour/deposition. While methods that rely on the harmonics-based analytical heat transport solution assume a steady state water flux, many applications have reported transient fluxes but ignored the possible violation of this assumption in the method. Here we use natural heat tracing as an example to investigate the extent to which changes in the water flux, and associated temperature signal nonstationarity, can be separated from other influences. We systematically scrutinize the assumption of steady state flow in analytical heat tracing and test the capabilities of the method to detect the timing and magnitude of flux transients. A numerical model was used to synthesize the temperature response to different step and ramp changes in advective thermal velocity magnitude and direction for both a single-frequency and multifrequency temperature boundary. Time-variable temperature amplitude and phase information were extracted from the model output with different signal-processing methods. We show that a worst-case transient flux induces a temperature nonstationarity, the duration of which is less than 1 cycle for realistic sediment thermal diffusivities between 0.02 and 0.13 m\\\\textlesssup\\\\textgreater2\\\\textless/sup\\\\textgreater/d. However, common signal-processing methods introduce erroneous temporal spreading of advective thermal velocities and significant anomalies in thermal diffusivities or sensor spacing, which is used as an analogue for streambed scour/deposition. The most time-variant spectral filter can introduce errors of up to 57% in velocity and 33% in thermal diffusivity values with artifacts spanning ?2 days around the occurrence of rapid changes in flux. Further, our results show that analytical heat tracing is unable to accurately resolve highly time-variant fluxes and thermal diffusivities and does not allow for the inference of scour/depositional processes due to the limitations of signal processing in disentangling flux-related signal nonstationarities from those stemming from other sources. To prevent erroneous interpretations, hydrometric data should always be acquired in combination with temperature records.\",\"doi\":\"10.1002/2015JF003466\",\"isbn\":\"6001861827366\",\"keywords\":\"harmonic signal extraction,heat as a tracer,sediment scour/deposition,signal nonstationarity,temperature records,transient water fluxes\",\"bibtex\":\"@Article{Rau-2015a,\\n  author   = {Rau, Gabriel C. and Cuthbert, Mark O. and McCallum, Andrew M. and Halloran, Landon J S and Andersen, Martin S.},\\n  title    = {{Assessing the accuracy of 1-D analytical heat tracing for estimating near-surface sediment thermal diffusivity and water flux under transient conditions}},\\n  journal  = {Journal of Geophysical Research F: Earth Surface},\\n  year     = {2015},\\n  date     = {2015-07-18},\\n  volume   = {120},\\n  number   = {8},\\n  pages    = {1551-1573},\\n  issn     = {21699011},\\n  if       = {3.318},\\n  snip     = {1.280},\\n  abstract = {?2015. American Geophysical Union. All Rights Reserved.Amplitude decay and phase delay of oscillating temperature records measured at two vertical locations in near-surface sediments can be used to infer water fluxes, thermal diffusivity, and sediment scour/deposition. While methods that rely on the harmonics-based analytical heat transport solution assume a steady state water flux, many applications have reported transient fluxes but ignored the possible violation of this assumption in the method. Here we use natural heat tracing as an example to investigate the extent to which changes in the water flux, and associated temperature signal nonstationarity, can be separated from other influences. We systematically scrutinize the assumption of steady state flow in analytical heat tracing and test the capabilities of the method to detect the timing and magnitude of flux transients. A numerical model was used to synthesize the temperature response to different step and ramp changes in advective thermal velocity magnitude and direction for both a single-frequency and multifrequency temperature boundary. Time-variable temperature amplitude and phase information were extracted from the model output with different signal-processing methods. We show that a worst-case transient flux induces a temperature nonstationarity, the duration of which is less than 1 cycle for realistic sediment thermal diffusivities between 0.02 and 0.13 m{\\\\textless}sup{\\\\textgreater}2{\\\\textless}/sup{\\\\textgreater}/d. However, common signal-processing methods introduce erroneous temporal spreading of advective thermal velocities and significant anomalies in thermal diffusivities or sensor spacing, which is used as an analogue for streambed scour/deposition. The most time-variant spectral filter can introduce errors of up to 57{\\\\%} in velocity and 33{\\\\%} in thermal diffusivity values with artifacts spanning ?2 days around the occurrence of rapid changes in flux. Further, our results show that analytical heat tracing is unable to accurately resolve highly time-variant fluxes and thermal diffusivities and does not allow for the inference of scour/depositional processes due to the limitations of signal processing in disentangling flux-related signal nonstationarities from those stemming from other sources. To prevent erroneous interpretations, hydrometric data should always be acquired in combination with temperature records.},\\n  doi      = {10.1002/2015JF003466},\\n  isbn     = {6001861827366},\\n  keywords = {harmonic signal extraction,heat as a tracer,sediment scour/deposition,signal nonstationarity,temperature records,transient water fluxes},\\n  type     = {Journal article},\\n}\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Rau, G. C.\",\"Cuthbert, M. O.\",\"McCallum, A. M.\",\"Halloran, L. J S\",\"Andersen, M. S.\"],\"key\":\"Rau-2015a\",\"id\":\"Rau-2015a\",\"bibbaseid\":\"rau-cuthbert-mccallum-halloran-andersen-assessingtheaccuracyof1danalyticalheattracingforestimatingnearsurfacesedimentthermaldiffusivityandwaterfluxundertransientconditions-2015\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{},\"keyword\":[\"harmonic signal extraction\",\"heat as a tracer\",\"sediment scour/deposition\",\"signal nonstationarity\",\"temperature records\",\"transient water fluxes\"],\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{\"rau, g\":\"https://gcrau.github.io/\"}},\"downloads\":0,\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"article\",\"type\":\"Journal article\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Roshan\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Hamid\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Rau\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Gabriel\",\"C.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Andersen\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Martin\",\"S.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Acworth\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Ian\",\"R.\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"title\":\"Use of heat as tracer to quantify vertical streambed flow in a two-dimensional flow field\",\"journal\":\"Water Resources Research\",\"year\":\"2012\",\"date\":\"2012-10-05\",\"volume\":\"48\",\"number\":\"10\",\"issn\":\"00431397\",\"era\":\"A*\",\"if\":\"3.792\",\"snip\":\"1.523\",\"abstract\":\"Analytical solutions to the heat transport equation in porous media have been developed in the past to estimate surface water-groundwater interactions. These solutions, however, are based upon simplifying assumptions that are frequently violated in natural systems. A nonvertical flow field, inherent to most field settings, can violate the one-dimensional (1-D) flow assumption and lead to erroneous velocity estimates. In this study, we have developed a 2-D heat and mass transport finite element-based numerical model for a stream aquifer cross section experiencing flow-through. Synthetic multilevel streambed temperature time series were generated with the model using a sinusoidal temperature boundary. The temperature data was used to quantify the vertical flow velocity with a 1-D analytical solution based on the amplitude decay and phase shift of temperature with depth. Results demonstrate that erroneous vertical components of fluid velocity can be obtained by the 1-D analytical solution when the true vertical velocity approaches zero and the flow regime becomes almost horizontal. The results also illustrate that the amplitude ratio method performs quite poorly on the gaining side of the stream where the only reliable method is phase shift. On the losing side of the stream, both methods can be employed but a better estimation is obtained from the amplitude ratio method. In general, amplitude ratio and phase shift data should be used in conjunction to maximize the information of the system.\",\"doi\":\"10.1029/2012WR011918\",\"isbn\":\"0043-1397\",\"bibtex\":\"@Article{Roshan-2012,\\n  author   = {Roshan, Hamid and Rau, Gabriel C. and Andersen, Martin S. and Acworth, Ian R.},\\n  title    = {{Use of heat as tracer to quantify vertical streambed flow in a two-dimensional flow field}},\\n  journal  = {Water Resources Research},\\n  year     = {2012},\\n  date     = {2012-10-05},\\n  volume   = {48},\\n  number   = {10},\\n  issn     = {00431397},\\n  era      = {A*},\\n  if       = {3.792},\\n  snip     = {1.523},\\n  abstract = {Analytical solutions to the heat transport equation in porous media have been developed in the past to estimate surface water-groundwater interactions. These solutions, however, are based upon simplifying assumptions that are frequently violated in natural systems. A nonvertical flow field, inherent to most field settings, can violate the one-dimensional (1-D) flow assumption and lead to erroneous velocity estimates. In this study, we have developed a 2-D heat and mass transport finite element-based numerical model for a stream aquifer cross section experiencing flow-through. Synthetic multilevel streambed temperature time series were generated with the model using a sinusoidal temperature boundary. The temperature data was used to quantify the vertical flow velocity with a 1-D analytical solution based on the amplitude decay and phase shift of temperature with depth. Results demonstrate that erroneous vertical components of fluid velocity can be obtained by the 1-D analytical solution when the true vertical velocity approaches zero and the flow regime becomes almost horizontal. The results also illustrate that the amplitude ratio method performs quite poorly on the gaining side of the stream where the only reliable method is phase shift. On the losing side of the stream, both methods can be employed but a better estimation is obtained from the amplitude ratio method. In general, amplitude ratio and phase shift data should be used in conjunction to maximize the information of the system.},\\n  doi      = {10.1029/2012WR011918},\\n  isbn     = {0043-1397},\\n  type     = {Journal article},\\n}\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Roshan, H.\",\"Rau, G. C.\",\"Andersen, M. S.\",\"Acworth, I. R.\"],\"key\":\"Roshan-2012\",\"id\":\"Roshan-2012\",\"bibbaseid\":\"roshan-rau-andersen-acworth-useofheatastracertoquantifyverticalstreambedflowinatwodimensionalflowfield-2012\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{},\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{\"rau, g\":\"https://gcrau.github.io/\"}},\"downloads\":0,\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"article\",\"type\":\"Journal article\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Rutlidge\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Helen\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Baker\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Andy\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Marjo\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Christopher\",\"E.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Andersen\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Martin\",\"S.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Graham\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Peter\",\"W.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Cuthbert\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Mark\",\"O.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Rau\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Gabriel\",\"C.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Roshan\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Hamid\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Markowska\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Monika\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Mariethoz\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Gregoire\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Jex\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Catherine\",\"N.\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"title\":\"Dripwater organic matter and trace element geochemistry in a semi-arid karst environment: Implications for speleothem paleoclimatology\",\"journal\":\"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta\",\"year\":\"2014\",\"date\":\"2014-03-25\",\"volume\":\"135\",\"pages\":\"217-230\",\"issn\":\"00167037\",\"if\":\"4.315\",\"snip\":\"1.583\",\"abstract\":\"A series of four short-term infiltration experiments which revealed hydrochemical responses relevant to semi-arid karst environments were carried out above Cathedral Cave, Wellington, New South Wales (NSW), Australia. Dripwater samples were collected at two sites for trace element and organic matter analysis. Organic matter was characterised using fluorescence and interpreted using a PARAFAC model. Three components were isolated that represented unprocessed, soil-derived humic-like and fulvic-like material, processed humic/fulvic-like material and tryptophan-like fluorescence. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) performed on the entire dataset comprising trace element concentrations and PARAFAC scores revealed two dominant components that were identified as soil and limestone bedrock. The soil component was assigned based on significant contributions from the PARAFAC scores and additionally included Ba, Cu, Ni and Mg. The bedrock component included the expected elements of Ca, Mg and Sr as well as Si. The same elemental behaviour was observed in recent stalagmite growth collected from the site. Our experiments demonstrate that existing paleoclimate interpretations of speleothem Mg and Sr, developed in regions of positive water balance, are not readily applicable to water limited environments. We provide a new interpretation of trace element signatures unique to speleothems from water limited karst environments. © 2014 Elsevier Ltd.\",\"doi\":\"10.1016/j.gca.2014.03.036\",\"isbn\":\"0016-7037\",\"bibtex\":\"@Article{Rutlidge-2014,\\n  author   = {Rutlidge, Helen and Baker, Andy and Marjo, Christopher E. and Andersen, Martin S. and Graham, Peter W. and Cuthbert, Mark O. and Rau, Gabriel C. and Roshan, Hamid and Markowska, Monika and Mariethoz, Gregoire and Jex, Catherine N.},\\n  title    = {{Dripwater organic matter and trace element geochemistry in a semi-arid karst environment: Implications for speleothem paleoclimatology}},\\n  journal  = {Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta},\\n  year     = {2014},\\n  date     = {2014-03-25},\\n  volume   = {135},\\n  pages    = {217-230},\\n  issn     = {00167037},\\n  if       = {4.315},\\n  snip     = {1.583},\\n  abstract = {A series of four short-term infiltration experiments which revealed hydrochemical responses relevant to semi-arid karst environments were carried out above Cathedral Cave, Wellington, New South Wales (NSW), Australia. Dripwater samples were collected at two sites for trace element and organic matter analysis. Organic matter was characterised using fluorescence and interpreted using a PARAFAC model. Three components were isolated that represented unprocessed, soil-derived humic-like and fulvic-like material, processed humic/fulvic-like material and tryptophan-like fluorescence. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) performed on the entire dataset comprising trace element concentrations and PARAFAC scores revealed two dominant components that were identified as soil and limestone bedrock. The soil component was assigned based on significant contributions from the PARAFAC scores and additionally included Ba, Cu, Ni and Mg. The bedrock component included the expected elements of Ca, Mg and Sr as well as Si. The same elemental behaviour was observed in recent stalagmite growth collected from the site. Our experiments demonstrate that existing paleoclimate interpretations of speleothem Mg and Sr, developed in regions of positive water balance, are not readily applicable to water limited environments. We provide a new interpretation of trace element signatures unique to speleothems from water limited karst environments. {\\\\textcopyright} 2014 Elsevier Ltd.},\\n  doi      = {10.1016/j.gca.2014.03.036},\\n  isbn     = {0016-7037},\\n  type     = {Journal article},\\n}\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Rutlidge, H.\",\"Baker, A.\",\"Marjo, C. E.\",\"Andersen, M. S.\",\"Graham, P. W.\",\"Cuthbert, M. O.\",\"Rau, G. C.\",\"Roshan, H.\",\"Markowska, M.\",\"Mariethoz, G.\",\"Jex, C. N.\"],\"key\":\"Rutlidge-2014\",\"id\":\"Rutlidge-2014\",\"bibbaseid\":\"rutlidge-baker-marjo-andersen-graham-cuthbert-rau-roshan-etal-dripwaterorganicmatterandtraceelementgeochemistryinasemiaridkarstenvironmentimplicationsforspeleothempaleoclimatology-2014\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{},\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{\"rau, g\":\"https://gcrau.github.io/\"}},\"downloads\":0,\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"article\",\"type\":\"Journal article\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Turner\"],\"firstnames\":[\"I.L.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Rau\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Gabriel\",\"CC.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Andersen\"],\"firstnames\":[\"M.S.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Austin\"],\"firstnames\":[\"M.J.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Puleo\"],\"firstnames\":[\"J.A.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Masselink\"],\"firstnames\":[\"G.\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"title\":\"Coastal sand barrier hydrology - Observations from the BARDEX II prototype-scale laboratory experiment\",\"journal\":\"Journal of Coastal Research\",\"year\":\"2013\",\"date\":\"2013-03-06\",\"volume\":\"165\",\"number\":\"SI 65\",\"pages\":\"1886-1891\",\"issn\":\"07490208 15515036\",\"if\":\"0.852\",\"snip\":\"0.732\",\"abstract\":\"The dynamics of groundwater at the land-ocean boundary has important implications to the exchange of water, nutrients and pollutants between the ocean and coastal aquifers, and varying groundwater levels may induce differing morphological response (erosion versus accretion) at the beachface. As a component of the Barrier Dynamics Experiment BARDEX II (Hydrolab IV) completed during June-July 2012 in the Delta Flume (The Netherlands), an extensive test program was undertaken to acquire a comprehensive data set of groundwater levels, pressure fluctuations, flow paths and tracer dispersion beneath the beachface and across the width of a prototype-scale sand barrier (D50 = 0.42mm). A particular feature of the experiment was the inclusion of a landward 'lagoon' and pump system that enabled the water levels on both the seaward and landward side of the barrier to be independently varied. The completion of these experiments complimented the previous BARDEX test program undertaken in the same test facility in 2008, where a gravel barrier (D 50 = 10mm) was subjected to similar wave and lagoon-sea water-level conditions. An overview of the barrier hydrology instrumentation deployed and data obtained is provided here. © Coastal Education & Research Foundation 2013.\",\"doi\":\"10.2112/SI65-319\",\"isbn\":\"0749-0208\",\"keywords\":\"Coastal aquifer,Groundwater,Hydrology,Swash infiltration-exfiltration,Water table\",\"language\":\"English\",\"url\":\"http://www.jcronline.org/doi/abs/10.2112/SI65-319.1?code=cerf-site\",\"bibtex\":\"@Article{Turner-2013,\\n  author   = {Turner, I.L. and Rau, Gabriel CC. and Andersen, M.S. and Austin, M.J. and Puleo, J.A. and Masselink, G.},\\n  title    = {{Coastal sand barrier hydrology - Observations from the BARDEX II prototype-scale laboratory experiment}},\\n  journal  = {Journal of Coastal Research},\\n  year     = {2013},\\n  date     = {2013-03-06},\\n  volume   = {165},\\n  number   = {SI 65},\\n  pages    = {1886-1891},\\n  issn     = {07490208 15515036},\\n  if       = {0.852},\\n  snip     = {0.732},\\n  abstract = {The dynamics of groundwater at the land-ocean boundary has important implications to the exchange of water, nutrients and pollutants between the ocean and coastal aquifers, and varying groundwater levels may induce differing morphological response (erosion versus accretion) at the beachface. As a component of the Barrier Dynamics Experiment BARDEX II (Hydrolab IV) completed during June-July 2012 in the Delta Flume (The Netherlands), an extensive test program was undertaken to acquire a comprehensive data set of groundwater levels, pressure fluctuations, flow paths and tracer dispersion beneath the beachface and across the width of a prototype-scale sand barrier (D50 = 0.42mm). A particular feature of the experiment was the inclusion of a landward 'lagoon' and pump system that enabled the water levels on both the seaward and landward side of the barrier to be independently varied. The completion of these experiments complimented the previous BARDEX test program undertaken in the same test facility in 2008, where a gravel barrier (D 50 = 10mm) was subjected to similar wave and lagoon-sea water-level conditions. An overview of the barrier hydrology instrumentation deployed and data obtained is provided here. {\\\\textcopyright} Coastal Education {\\\\&} Research Foundation 2013.},\\n  doi      = {10.2112/SI65-319},\\n  isbn     = {0749-0208},\\n  keywords = {Coastal aquifer,Groundwater,Hydrology,Swash infiltration-exfiltration,Water table},\\n  language = {English},\\n  type     = {Journal article},\\n  url      = {http://www.jcronline.org/doi/abs/10.2112/SI65-319.1?code=cerf-site},\\n}\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Turner, I.\",\"Rau, G. C.\",\"Andersen, M.\",\"Austin, M.\",\"Puleo, J.\",\"Masselink, G.\"],\"key\":\"Turner-2013\",\"id\":\"Turner-2013\",\"bibbaseid\":\"turner-rau-andersen-austin-puleo-masselink-coastalsandbarrierhydrologyobservationsfromthebardexiiprototypescalelaboratoryexperiment-2013\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{\"Paper\":\"http://www.jcronline.org/doi/abs/10.2112/SI65-319.1?code=cerf-site\"},\"keyword\":[\"Coastal aquifer\",\"Groundwater\",\"Hydrology\",\"Swash infiltration-exfiltration\",\"Water table\"],\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{\"rau, g\":\"https://gcrau.github.io/\"}},\"downloads\":0,\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"article\",\"type\":\"Journal article\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Unland\"],\"firstnames\":[\"N.\",\"P.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Cartwright\"],\"firstnames\":[\"I.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Andersen\"],\"firstnames\":[\"M.\",\"S.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Rau\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Gabriel\",\"C\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Reed\"],\"firstnames\":[\"J.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Gilfedder\"],\"firstnames\":[\"B.\",\"S.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Atkinson\"],\"firstnames\":[\"A.\",\"P.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Hofmann\"],\"firstnames\":[\"H.\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"title\":\"Investigating the spatio-temporal variability in groundwater and surface water interactions: A multi-technique approach\",\"journal\":\"Hydrology and Earth System Sciences\",\"year\":\"2013\",\"date\":\"2013-07-29\",\"volume\":\"17\",\"number\":\"9\",\"pages\":\"3437-3453\",\"issn\":\"10275606\",\"if\":\"3.990\",\"snip\":\"1.392\",\"abstract\":\"The interaction between groundwater and surface water along the Tambo and Nichol-son Rivers, southeast Australia, was investigated using 222 Rn, Cl, differential flow gauging, head gradients, electrical conductivity (EC) and temperature profiling. Head gradients, temperature profiles, Cl concentrations and 222 Rn activities all indicate 5 higher groundwater fluxes to the Tambo River in areas of increased topographic variation where the potential to form large groundwater�surface water gradients is greater. Groundwater discharge to the Tambo River calculated by Cl mass balance was significantly lower (1.48 � 10 4 to 1.41 � 10 3 m 3 day -1) than discharge estimated by 222 Rn mass balance (5.35 � 10 5 to 9.56 � 10 3 m 3 day -1) and differential flow gaug-10 ing (5.41 � 10 5 to 6.30 � 10 3 m 3 day -1). While groundwater sampling from the bank of the Tambo River was intended to account for the variability in groundwater chemistry associated with river-bank interaction, the spatial variability under which these inter-actions occurs remained unaccounted for, limiting the use of Cl as an effective tracer. Groundwater discharge to both the Tambo and Nicholson Rivers was the highest un-15 der high flow conditions in the days to weeks following significant rainfall, indicating that the rivers are well connected to a groundwater system that is responsive to rain-fall. Groundwater constituted the lowest proportion of river discharge during times of increased rainfall that followed dry periods, while groundwater constituted the highest proportion of river discharge under baseflow conditions (21.4 % of the Tambo in April 20 2010 and 18.9 % of the Nicholson in September 2010).\",\"doi\":\"10.5194/hess-17-3437-2013\",\"language\":\"English\",\"bibtex\":\"@Article{Unland-2013,\\n  author   = {Unland, N. P. and Cartwright, I. and Andersen, M. S. and Rau, Gabriel C and Reed, J. and Gilfedder, B. S. and Atkinson, A. P. and Hofmann, H.},\\n  title    = {{Investigating the spatio-temporal variability in groundwater and surface water interactions: A multi-technique approach}},\\n  journal  = {Hydrology and Earth System Sciences},\\n  year     = {2013},\\n  date     = {2013-07-29},\\n  volume   = {17},\\n  number   = {9},\\n  pages    = {3437-3453},\\n  issn     = {10275606},\\n  if       = {3.990},\\n  snip     = {1.392},\\n  abstract = {The interaction between groundwater and surface water along the Tambo and Nichol-son Rivers, southeast Australia, was investigated using 222 Rn, Cl, differential flow gauging, head gradients, electrical conductivity (EC) and temperature profiling. Head gradients, temperature profiles, Cl concentrations and 222 Rn activities all indicate 5 higher groundwater fluxes to the Tambo River in areas of increased topographic variation where the potential to form large groundwater�surface water gradients is greater. Groundwater discharge to the Tambo River calculated by Cl mass balance was significantly lower (1.48 � 10 4 to 1.41 � 10 3 m 3 day -1) than discharge estimated by 222 Rn mass balance (5.35 � 10 5 to 9.56 � 10 3 m 3 day -1) and differential flow gaug-10 ing (5.41 � 10 5 to 6.30 � 10 3 m 3 day -1). While groundwater sampling from the bank of the Tambo River was intended to account for the variability in groundwater chemistry associated with river-bank interaction, the spatial variability under which these inter-actions occurs remained unaccounted for, limiting the use of Cl as an effective tracer. Groundwater discharge to both the Tambo and Nicholson Rivers was the highest un-15 der high flow conditions in the days to weeks following significant rainfall, indicating that the rivers are well connected to a groundwater system that is responsive to rain-fall. Groundwater constituted the lowest proportion of river discharge during times of increased rainfall that followed dry periods, while groundwater constituted the highest proportion of river discharge under baseflow conditions (21.4 {\\\\%} of the Tambo in April 20 2010 and 18.9 {\\\\%} of the Nicholson in September 2010).},\\n  doi      = {10.5194/hess-17-3437-2013},\\n  language = {English},\\n  type     = {Journal article},\\n}\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Unland, N. P.\",\"Cartwright, I.\",\"Andersen, M. S.\",\"Rau, G. C\",\"Reed, J.\",\"Gilfedder, B. S.\",\"Atkinson, A. P.\",\"Hofmann, H.\"],\"key\":\"Unland-2013\",\"id\":\"Unland-2013\",\"bibbaseid\":\"unland-cartwright-andersen-rau-reed-gilfedder-atkinson-hofmann-investigatingthespatiotemporalvariabilityingroundwaterandsurfacewaterinteractionsamultitechniqueapproach-2013\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{},\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{\"rau, g\":\"https://gcrau.github.io/\"}},\"downloads\":0,\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"article\",\"type\":\"Journal article\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Acworth\"],\"firstnames\":[\"R\",\"I\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Timms\"],\"firstnames\":[\"WA\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Kelly\"],\"firstnames\":[\"BFJ\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"McGeeney\"],\"firstnames\":[\"DE\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Ralph\"],\"firstnames\":[\"TJ\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Larkin\"],\"firstnames\":[\"ZT\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"GC\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Rau.\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"title\":\"Late Cenozoic paleovalley fill sequence from the Southern Liverpool Plains, New South Wales - implications for groundwater resource evaluation\",\"journal\":\"Australian Journal of Earth Sciences\",\"year\":\"2015\",\"date\":\"2015-08-10\",\"volume\":\"62\",\"number\":\"6\",\"pages\":\"657-680\",\"issn\":\"0812-0099\",\"if\":\"1.75\",\"snip\":\"0.893\",\"abstract\":\"The Liverpool Plains in northern New South Wales contain some of the best agricultural land in Australia and are underlain by extensive smectite clay-dominated soils sourced from weathering the alkali basalts of the Liverpool Ranges. It had been thought that a relatively simple geological model explained the underlying Cenozoic sequence with salt-rich clays of the Narrabri Formation overlying sands and gravel aquifers comprising the Gunnedah Formation. Extensive groundwater modelling based upon this simple conceptualisation has been used in management plans proposed by the mining and agricultural industries. A 31.5 m core has been recovered using minimally disturbed triple- tube coring methods at Cattle Lane (Latitude -31.52 S, Longitude 150.47 E) to resolve uncertainty concerning the aquitard status of the upper layer. Recovered core has been examined and tested to determine grainsize, cation-exchange capacity, X-ray diffraction, X-ray fluorescence and microscopic examination of granular components. These measurements complement surface and borehole geophysical techniques, hydrogeological data and hydrochemical analysis of water samples recovered from a series of specially constructed piezometers adjacent to the cored hole. The sequence overlies a Late Cretaceous channel cut into Permian bedrock at 91mdepth with sands and clays below 31.5 m considered to represent various alluvial fill events mostly occurring since the Early Pliocene. Erosion of Late Eocene alkali basalts on the Liverpool Ranges, with the formation of smectite clays, pedogenic carbonates and with the addition of quartz from both eolian sources and locally derived from adjacent Triassic sandstone hills, provides the great majority of the sediment recovered from the cores. Late Pleistocene (114 ka) to Holocene ages were determined for the core from three optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) measurements on fine sands (13, 23 and 29 m BG). Detailed examination has failed to detect any evidence of a boundary between Narrabri and Gunnedah formations revealing rather a gradual change in dominance of clays and silts over sands and gravels embedded in a clay-rich matrix. This result challenges the conceptualisation used to conduct groundwater modelling on the Liverpool Plains.\",\"doi\":\"10.1080/08120099.2015.1086815\",\"keywords\":\"Liverpool Plains,OSL,Paleovalley,aquitard,groundwater,liverpool plains,osl,paleoenvironment,paleovalley\",\"url\":\"http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/08120099.2015.1086815\",\"bibtex\":\"@Article{Acworth-2015a,\\n  author   = {Acworth, R I and Timms, WA and Kelly, BFJ and McGeeney, DE and Ralph, TJ and Larkin, ZT and GC, Rau.},\\n  title    = {{Late Cenozoic paleovalley fill sequence from the Southern Liverpool Plains, New South Wales - implications for groundwater resource evaluation}},\\n  journal  = {Australian Journal of Earth Sciences},\\n  year     = {2015},\\n  date     = {2015-08-10},\\n  volume   = {62},\\n  number   = {6},\\n  pages    = {657-680},\\n  issn     = {0812-0099},\\n  if       = {1.75},\\n  snip     = {0.893},\\n  abstract = {The Liverpool Plains in northern New South Wales contain some of the best agricultural land in Australia and are underlain by extensive smectite clay-dominated soils sourced from weathering the alkali basalts of the Liverpool Ranges. It had been thought that a relatively simple geological model explained the underlying Cenozoic sequence with salt-rich clays of the Narrabri Formation overlying sands and gravel aquifers comprising the Gunnedah Formation. Extensive groundwater modelling based upon this simple conceptualisation has been used in management plans proposed by the mining and agricultural industries. A 31.5 m core has been recovered using minimally disturbed triple- tube coring methods at Cattle Lane (Latitude -31.52 S, Longitude 150.47 E) to resolve uncertainty concerning the aquitard status of the upper layer. Recovered core has been examined and tested to determine grainsize, cation-exchange capacity, X-ray diffraction, X-ray fluorescence and microscopic examination of granular components. These measurements complement surface and borehole geophysical techniques, hydrogeological data and hydrochemical analysis of water samples recovered from a series of specially constructed piezometers adjacent to the cored hole. The sequence overlies a Late Cretaceous channel cut into Permian bedrock at 91mdepth with sands and clays below 31.5 m considered to represent various alluvial fill events mostly occurring since the Early Pliocene. Erosion of Late Eocene alkali basalts on the Liverpool Ranges, with the formation of smectite clays, pedogenic carbonates and with the addition of quartz from both eolian sources and locally derived from adjacent Triassic sandstone hills, provides the great majority of the sediment recovered from the cores. Late Pleistocene (114 ka) to Holocene ages were determined for the core from three optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) measurements on fine sands (13, 23 and 29 m BG). Detailed examination has failed to detect any evidence of a boundary between Narrabri and Gunnedah formations revealing rather a gradual change in dominance of clays and silts over sands and gravels embedded in a clay-rich matrix. This result challenges the conceptualisation used to conduct groundwater modelling on the Liverpool Plains.},\\n  doi      = {10.1080/08120099.2015.1086815},\\n  keywords = {Liverpool Plains,OSL,Paleovalley,aquitard,groundwater,liverpool plains,osl,paleoenvironment,paleovalley},\\n  type     = {Journal article},\\n  url      = {http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/08120099.2015.1086815},\\n}\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Acworth, R I\",\"Timms, W.\",\"Kelly, B.\",\"McGeeney, D.\",\"Ralph, T.\",\"Larkin, Z.\",\"GC, R.\"],\"key\":\"Acworth-2015a\",\"id\":\"Acworth-2015a\",\"bibbaseid\":\"acworth-timms-kelly-mcgeeney-ralph-larkin-gc-latecenozoicpaleovalleyfillsequencefromthesouthernliverpoolplainsnewsouthwalesimplicationsforgroundwaterresourceevaluation-2015\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{\"Paper\":\"http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/08120099.2015.1086815\"},\"keyword\":[\"Liverpool Plains\",\"OSL\",\"Paleovalley\",\"aquitard\",\"groundwater\",\"liverpool plains\",\"osl\",\"paleoenvironment\",\"paleovalley\"],\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{\"rau, g\":\"https://gcrau.github.io/\"}},\"downloads\":0,\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"article\",\"type\":\"Journal article\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Baker\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Andy\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Jex\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Catherine\",\"N.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Rutlidge\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Helen\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Woltering\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Martijn\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Blyth\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Alison\",\"J.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Andersen\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Martin\",\"S.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Cuthbert\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Mark\",\"O.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Marjo\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Christopher\",\"E.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Markowska\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Monika\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Rau\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Gabriel\",\"C.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Khan\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Stuart\",\"J.\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"title\":\"An irrigation experiment to compare soil, water and speleothem tetraether membrane lipid distributions\",\"journal\":\"Organic Geochemistry\",\"year\":\"2016\",\"date\":\"2016-01-07\",\"volume\":\"94\",\"pages\":\"12-20\",\"issn\":\"01466380\",\"if\":\"2.990\",\"snip\":\"1.249\",\"abstract\":\"Measurement of glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers (GDGTs) preserved in speleothems offers a potential proxy for past temperature but, in general, their origin is unknown. To understand the source of speleothem GDGTs, we undertook an irrigation experiment to activate drip sites within a hydrogeochemically well characterised cave. The cave drip water was analysed for GDGTs, inorganic elements (major ions and trace elements), stable isotopes and dissolved organic matter concentration and character. Published speleothem GDGT records from the site have been observed to be dominated by isoprenoid GDGTs and interpreted as deriving from in situ microbial communities within the cave or vadose zone. The drip water in our irrigation experiment had a GDGT distribution distinct from that of soil and speleothem samples, providing direct evidence that the distinctive GDGT signature in speleothems is derived from a subsurface source. Analysis of GDGTs in this context allowed further elucidation of their source and transport in cave systems, enhancing our understanding of how they might be used as a temperature proxy.\",\"doi\":\"10.1016/j.orggeochem.2016.01.005\",\"keywords\":\"Drip water,GDGT,Paleoclimate,Speleothem,Temperature\",\"publisher\":\"Elsevier Ltd\",\"bibtex\":\"@Article{Baker-2016,\\n  author    = {Baker, Andy and Jex, Catherine N. and Rutlidge, Helen and Woltering, Martijn and Blyth, Alison J. and Andersen, Martin S. and Cuthbert, Mark O. and Marjo, Christopher E. and Markowska, Monika and Rau, Gabriel C. and Khan, Stuart J.},\\n  title     = {{An irrigation experiment to compare soil, water and speleothem tetraether membrane lipid distributions}},\\n  journal   = {Organic Geochemistry},\\n  year      = {2016},\\n  date      = {2016-01-07},\\n  volume    = {94},\\n  pages     = {12-20},\\n  issn      = {01466380},\\n  if        = {2.990},\\n  snip      = {1.249},\\n  abstract  = {Measurement of glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers (GDGTs) preserved in speleothems offers a potential proxy for past temperature but, in general, their origin is unknown. To understand the source of speleothem GDGTs, we undertook an irrigation experiment to activate drip sites within a hydrogeochemically well characterised cave. The cave drip water was analysed for GDGTs, inorganic elements (major ions and trace elements), stable isotopes and dissolved organic matter concentration and character. Published speleothem GDGT records from the site have been observed to be dominated by isoprenoid GDGTs and interpreted as deriving from in situ microbial communities within the cave or vadose zone. The drip water in our irrigation experiment had a GDGT distribution distinct from that of soil and speleothem samples, providing direct evidence that the distinctive GDGT signature in speleothems is derived from a subsurface source. Analysis of GDGTs in this context allowed further elucidation of their source and transport in cave systems, enhancing our understanding of how they might be used as a temperature proxy.},\\n  doi       = {10.1016/j.orggeochem.2016.01.005},\\n  keywords  = {Drip water,GDGT,Paleoclimate,Speleothem,Temperature},\\n  publisher = {Elsevier Ltd},\\n  type      = {Journal article},\\n}\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Baker, A.\",\"Jex, C. N.\",\"Rutlidge, H.\",\"Woltering, M.\",\"Blyth, A. J.\",\"Andersen, M. S.\",\"Cuthbert, M. O.\",\"Marjo, C. E.\",\"Markowska, M.\",\"Rau, G. C.\",\"Khan, S. J.\"],\"key\":\"Baker-2016\",\"id\":\"Baker-2016\",\"bibbaseid\":\"baker-jex-rutlidge-woltering-blyth-andersen-cuthbert-marjo-etal-anirrigationexperimenttocomparesoilwaterandspeleothemtetraethermembranelipiddistributions-2016\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{},\"keyword\":[\"Drip water\",\"GDGT\",\"Paleoclimate\",\"Speleothem\",\"Temperature\"],\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{\"rau, g\":\"https://gcrau.github.io/\"}},\"downloads\":0,\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"article\",\"type\":\"Journal article\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Halloran\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Landon\",\"J.S.\",\"S\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Roshan\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Hamid\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Rau\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Gabriel\",\"C.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Andersen\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Martin\",\"S.\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"title\":\"Calculating water saturation from passive temperature measurements in near-surface sediments: Development of a semi-analytical model\",\"journal\":\"Advances in Water Resources\",\"year\":\"2016\",\"date\":\"2016-01-20\",\"volume\":\"89\",\"pages\":\"67-79\",\"issn\":\"03091708\",\"if\":\"4.349\",\"snip\":\"2.020\",\"abstract\":\"A novel semi-analytical model for the calculation of water saturation levels in the near subsurface using passive temperature measurements is derived. The amplitude and phase of dominant natural diel temperature variations are exploited, although the solution is general so that a cyclical temperature signal of any period could be used. The model is based on the first-principles advection-conduction-dispersion equation, which is fully general for porous media. It requires a single independent soil moisture estimate, but directly considers the spatially variable saturation dependency of thermal conductivity which has been avoided in previous studies. An established empirical model for the thermal conductivity of variably saturated porous media is incorporated and two solutions for saturation are derived. Using data from numerical models, a spatially sequential implementation of one of these solutions is shown to predict the vertical saturation profile to within 2% for a hydraulically stable case and to within the saturation range observed over a single day for percolation rates up to 10 cm/day. The developed model and methodology can aid in the analysis of archived temperature data from the vadose zone and will serve as a powerful tool in future heat-tracing experiments in variably saturated conditions.\",\"doi\":\"10.1016/j.advwatres.2016.01.007\",\"keywords\":\"Applied thermodynamics,Heat-as-a-tracer,Hydrogeophysics,Porous media,Soil moisture,Vadose zone\",\"publisher\":\"Elsevier Ltd\",\"bibtex\":\"@Article{Halloran-2016b,\\n  author    = {Halloran, Landon J.S. S and Roshan, Hamid and Rau, Gabriel C. and Andersen, Martin S.},\\n  title     = {{Calculating water saturation from passive temperature measurements in near-surface sediments: Development of a semi-analytical model}},\\n  journal   = {Advances in Water Resources},\\n  year      = {2016},\\n  date      = {2016-01-20},\\n  volume    = {89},\\n  pages     = {67-79},\\n  issn      = {03091708},\\n  if        = {4.349},\\n  snip      = {2.020},\\n  abstract  = {A novel semi-analytical model for the calculation of water saturation levels in the near subsurface using passive temperature measurements is derived. The amplitude and phase of dominant natural diel temperature variations are exploited, although the solution is general so that a cyclical temperature signal of any period could be used. The model is based on the first-principles advection-conduction-dispersion equation, which is fully general for porous media. It requires a single independent soil moisture estimate, but directly considers the spatially variable saturation dependency of thermal conductivity which has been avoided in previous studies. An established empirical model for the thermal conductivity of variably saturated porous media is incorporated and two solutions for saturation are derived. Using data from numerical models, a spatially sequential implementation of one of these solutions is shown to predict the vertical saturation profile to within 2{\\\\%} for a hydraulically stable case and to within the saturation range observed over a single day for percolation rates up to 10 cm/day. The developed model and methodology can aid in the analysis of archived temperature data from the vadose zone and will serve as a powerful tool in future heat-tracing experiments in variably saturated conditions.},\\n  doi       = {10.1016/j.advwatres.2016.01.007},\\n  keywords  = {Applied thermodynamics,Heat-as-a-tracer,Hydrogeophysics,Porous media,Soil moisture,Vadose zone},\\n  publisher = {Elsevier Ltd},\\n  type      = {Journal article},\\n}\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Halloran, L. J. S\",\"Roshan, H.\",\"Rau, G. C.\",\"Andersen, M. S.\"],\"key\":\"Halloran-2016b\",\"id\":\"Halloran-2016b\",\"bibbaseid\":\"halloran-roshan-rau-andersen-calculatingwatersaturationfrompassivetemperaturemeasurementsinnearsurfacesedimentsdevelopmentofasemianalyticalmodel-2016\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{},\"keyword\":[\"Applied thermodynamics\",\"Heat-as-a-tracer\",\"Hydrogeophysics\",\"Porous media\",\"Soil moisture\",\"Vadose zone\"],\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{\"rau, g\":\"https://gcrau.github.io/\"}},\"downloads\":0,\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"article\",\"type\":\"Journal article\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Markowska\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Monika\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Baker\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Andy\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Andersen\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Martin\",\"S.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Jex\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Catherine\",\"N.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Cuthbert\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Mark\",\"O.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Rau\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Gabriel\",\"C.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Graham\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Peter\",\"W.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Rutlidge\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Helen\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Mariethoz\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Gregoire\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Marjo\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Christopher\",\"E.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Treble\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Pauline\",\"C.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Edwards\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Nerilee\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"title\":\"Semi-arid zone caves: Evaporation and hydrological controls on δ18O drip water composition and implications for speleothem paleoclimate reconstructions\",\"journal\":\"Quaternary Science Reviews\",\"year\":\"2016\",\"date\":\"2015-10-09\",\"volume\":\"131\",\"number\":\"Part B\",\"pages\":\"285-301\",\"issn\":\"02773791\",\"if\":\"4.521\",\"snip\":\"1.462\",\"abstract\":\"Oxygen isotope ratios in speleothems may be affected by external processes that are independent of climate, such as karst hydrology and kinetic fractionation. Consequently, there has been a shift towards characterising and understanding these processes through cave monitoring studies, particularly focussing on temperate zones where precipitation exceeds evapotranspiration. Here, we investigate oxygen isotope systematics at Wellington Caves in semi-arid, SE Australia, where evapotranspiration exceeds precipitation. We use a novel D2O isotopic tracer in a series of artificial irrigations, supplemented by pre-irrigation data comprised four years of drip monitoring and three years of stable isotope analysis of both drip waters and rainfall. This study reveals that: (1) evaporative processes in the unsaturated zone dominate the isotopic composition of drip waters; (2) significant soil zone 'wetting up' is required to overcome soil moisture deficits in order to achieve infiltration, which is highly dependent on antecedent hydro-climatic conditions; (3) lateral flow, preferential flow and sorption in the soil zone are important in redistributing subsurface zone water; (4) isotopic breakthrough curves suggest clear evidence of piston-flow at some drip sites where an older front of water discharged prior to artificial irrigation water; and (5) water residence times in a shallow vadose zone (\\\\textless2 m) are highly variable and can exceed six months. Oxygen isotope speleothem records from semi-arid regions are therefore more likely to contain archives of alternating paleo-aridity and paleo-recharge, rather than paleo-rainfall e.g. the amount effect or mean annual. Speleothem-forming drip waters will be dominated by evaporative enrichment, up to \\\\ 3??? in the context of this study, relative to precipitation-weighted mean annual rainfall. The oxygen isotope variability of such coeval records may further be influenced by flow path and storage in the unsaturated zone that is not only drip specific but also influenced by internal cave climatic conditions, which may vary spatially in the cave.\",\"doi\":\"10.1016/j.quascirev.2015.10.024\",\"keywords\":\"Drip water,Evaporation,Paleoclimate,Semi-arid,Speleothem,Stable isotopes,Tracing\",\"publisher\":\"Elsevier\",\"bibtex\":\"@Article{Markowska-2016,\\n  author    = {Markowska, Monika and Baker, Andy and Andersen, Martin S. and Jex, Catherine N. and Cuthbert, Mark O. and Rau, Gabriel C. and Graham, Peter W. and Rutlidge, Helen and Mariethoz, Gregoire and Marjo, Christopher E. and Treble, Pauline C. and Edwards, Nerilee},\\n  title     = {{Semi-arid zone caves: Evaporation and hydrological controls on δ18O drip water composition and implications for speleothem paleoclimate reconstructions}},\\n  journal   = {Quaternary Science Reviews},\\n  year      = {2016},\\n  date      = {2015-10-09},\\n  volume    = {131},\\n  number    = {Part B},\\n  pages     = {285-301},\\n  issn      = {02773791},\\n  if        = {4.521},\\n  snip      = {1.462},\\n  abstract  = {Oxygen isotope ratios in speleothems may be affected by external processes that are independent of climate, such as karst hydrology and kinetic fractionation. Consequently, there has been a shift towards characterising and understanding these processes through cave monitoring studies, particularly focussing on temperate zones where precipitation exceeds evapotranspiration. Here, we investigate oxygen isotope systematics at Wellington Caves in semi-arid, SE Australia, where evapotranspiration exceeds precipitation. We use a novel D2O isotopic tracer in a series of artificial irrigations, supplemented by pre-irrigation data comprised four years of drip monitoring and three years of stable isotope analysis of both drip waters and rainfall. This study reveals that: (1) evaporative processes in the unsaturated zone dominate the isotopic composition of drip waters; (2) significant soil zone 'wetting up' is required to overcome soil moisture deficits in order to achieve infiltration, which is highly dependent on antecedent hydro-climatic conditions; (3) lateral flow, preferential flow and sorption in the soil zone are important in redistributing subsurface zone water; (4) isotopic breakthrough curves suggest clear evidence of piston-flow at some drip sites where an older front of water discharged prior to artificial irrigation water; and (5) water residence times in a shallow vadose zone ({\\\\textless}2 m) are highly variable and can exceed six months. Oxygen isotope speleothem records from semi-arid regions are therefore more likely to contain archives of alternating paleo-aridity and paleo-recharge, rather than paleo-rainfall e.g. the amount effect or mean annual. Speleothem-forming drip waters will be dominated by evaporative enrichment, up to {\\\\~{}}3??? in the context of this study, relative to precipitation-weighted mean annual rainfall. The oxygen isotope variability of such coeval records may further be influenced by flow path and storage in the unsaturated zone that is not only drip specific but also influenced by internal cave climatic conditions, which may vary spatially in the cave.},\\n  doi       = {10.1016/j.quascirev.2015.10.024},\\n  keywords  = {Drip water,Evaporation,Paleoclimate,Semi-arid,Speleothem,Stable isotopes,Tracing},\\n  publisher = {Elsevier},\\n  type      = {Journal article},\\n}\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Markowska, M.\",\"Baker, A.\",\"Andersen, M. S.\",\"Jex, C. N.\",\"Cuthbert, M. O.\",\"Rau, G. C.\",\"Graham, P. W.\",\"Rutlidge, H.\",\"Mariethoz, G.\",\"Marjo, C. E.\",\"Treble, P. C.\",\"Edwards, N.\"],\"key\":\"Markowska-2016\",\"id\":\"Markowska-2016\",\"bibbaseid\":\"markowska-baker-andersen-jex-cuthbert-rau-graham-rutlidge-etal-semiaridzonecavesevaporationandhydrologicalcontrolson18odripwatercompositionandimplicationsforspeleothempaleoclimatereconstructions-2016\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{},\"keyword\":[\"Drip water\",\"Evaporation\",\"Paleoclimate\",\"Semi-arid\",\"Speleothem\",\"Stable isotopes\",\"Tracing\"],\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{\"rau, g\":\"https://gcrau.github.io/\"}},\"downloads\":0,\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"article\",\"type\":\"Journal article\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"McDonough\"],\"firstnames\":[\"L.\",\"K.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Iverach\"],\"firstnames\":[\"C.\",\"P.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Beckmann\"],\"firstnames\":[\"S.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Manefield\"],\"firstnames\":[\"M.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Rau\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Gabriel\",\"C\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Baker\"],\"firstnames\":[\"A.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Kelly\"],\"firstnames\":[\"B.\",\"F\",\"J\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"title\":\"Spatial variability of cave-air carbon dioxide and methane concentrations and isotopic compositions in a semi-arid karst environment\",\"journal\":\"Environmental Earth Sciences\",\"year\":\"2016\",\"date\":\"2016-04-12\",\"volume\":\"75\",\"number\":\"8\",\"pages\":\"700\",\"issn\":\"1866-6280\",\"if\":\"1.765\",\"snip\":\"1.001\",\"abstract\":\"There is insufficient information on the movement of air in karst environments to constrain the uncertainty associated with quantifying sources and sinks of methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2) within caves for global carbon accounting. We analysed cave-air samples for their CO2 and CH4 concentrations ([CO2] and [CH4]) and carbon isotopic compositions from sampling campaigns in winter (August 2014) and summer (February 2015) at numerous heights and locations throughout Gaden and Cathedral caves, in a semi-arid environment, Wellington Caves, NSW, Australia. Ventilation is the dominant control on cave-air CO2 and CH4, with the highest cave-air CO2 concentrations ([CO2]cave) occurring in summer, in association with the lowest cave-air CH4 concentrations ([CH4]cave). Analyses show that the cave-air CO2 has both atmospheric and soil sources. Soil air and cave air in both caves undergo methanogenesis and methanotrophy, but we identify cave-specific differences in cave-air CH4 and CO2. [CH4]cave in Cathedral Cave shows an inverse relationship to [CO2]cave, particularly in areas separated from the main cave passage. In contrast, Gaden Cave has near-atmospheric [CH4]cave and isotopic ratios present at all locations sampled in winter. Where no ventilation is occurring in summer, [CH4]cave in Gaden Cave decreases, but remains reasonably high compared to Cathedral Cave. Our research shows adjacent caves vary in their ability to act as a net sink for CH4, and highlights the need for further studies before global generalisations can be made about the carbon budget of karst environments.\",\"doi\":\"10.1007/s12665-016-5497-5\",\"keywords\":\"Carbon dioxide,Caves,Isotopic ratio,Karst,Methane sink,Semi-arid\",\"publisher\":\"Springer Berlin Heidelberg\",\"bibtex\":\"@Article{McDonough-2016,\\n  author    = {McDonough, L. K. and Iverach, C. P. and Beckmann, S. and Manefield, M. and Rau, Gabriel C and Baker, A. and Kelly, B. F J},\\n  title     = {{Spatial variability of cave-air carbon dioxide and methane concentrations and isotopic compositions in a semi-arid karst environment}},\\n  journal   = {Environmental Earth Sciences},\\n  year      = {2016},\\n  date      = {2016-04-12},\\n  volume    = {75},\\n  number    = {8},\\n  pages     = {700},\\n  issn      = {1866-6280},\\n  if        = {1.765},\\n  snip      = {1.001},\\n  abstract  = {There is insufficient information on the movement of air in karst environments to constrain the uncertainty associated with quantifying sources and sinks of methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2) within caves for global carbon accounting. We analysed cave-air samples for their CO2 and CH4 concentrations ([CO2] and [CH4]) and carbon isotopic compositions from sampling campaigns in winter (August 2014) and summer (February 2015) at numerous heights and locations throughout Gaden and Cathedral caves, in a semi-arid environment, Wellington Caves, NSW, Australia. Ventilation is the dominant control on cave-air CO2 and CH4, with the highest cave-air CO2 concentrations ([CO2]cave) occurring in summer, in association with the lowest cave-air CH4 concentrations ([CH4]cave). Analyses show that the cave-air CO2 has both atmospheric and soil sources. Soil air and cave air in both caves undergo methanogenesis and methanotrophy, but we identify cave-specific differences in cave-air CH4 and CO2. [CH4]cave in Cathedral Cave shows an inverse relationship to [CO2]cave, particularly in areas separated from the main cave passage. In contrast, Gaden Cave has near-atmospheric [CH4]cave and isotopic ratios present at all locations sampled in winter. Where no ventilation is occurring in summer, [CH4]cave in Gaden Cave decreases, but remains reasonably high compared to Cathedral Cave. Our research shows adjacent caves vary in their ability to act as a net sink for CH4, and highlights the need for further studies before global generalisations can be made about the carbon budget of karst environments.},\\n  doi       = {10.1007/s12665-016-5497-5},\\n  keywords  = {Carbon dioxide,Caves,Isotopic ratio,Karst,Methane sink,Semi-arid},\\n  publisher = {Springer Berlin Heidelberg},\\n  type      = {Journal article},\\n}\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"McDonough, L. K.\",\"Iverach, C. P.\",\"Beckmann, S.\",\"Manefield, M.\",\"Rau, G. C\",\"Baker, A.\",\"Kelly, B. F J\"],\"key\":\"McDonough-2016\",\"id\":\"McDonough-2016\",\"bibbaseid\":\"mcdonough-iverach-beckmann-manefield-rau-baker-kelly-spatialvariabilityofcaveaircarbondioxideandmethaneconcentrationsandisotopiccompositionsinasemiaridkarstenvironment-2016\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{},\"keyword\":[\"Carbon dioxide\",\"Caves\",\"Isotopic ratio\",\"Karst\",\"Methane sink\",\"Semi-arid\"],\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{\"rau, g\":\"https://gcrau.github.io/\"}},\"downloads\":0,\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"article\",\"type\":\"Journal article\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Turner\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Ian\",\"L.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Rau\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Gabriel\",\"C.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Austin\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Martin\",\"J.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Andersen\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Martin\",\"S.\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"title\":\"Groundwater fluxes and flow paths within coastal barriers: Observations from a large-scale laboratory experiment (BARDEX II)\",\"journal\":\"Coastal Engineering\",\"year\":\"2016\",\"date\":\"2015-08-04\",\"volume\":\"113\",\"number\":\"BARDEX II Special Issue\",\"pages\":\"104-116\",\"issn\":\"03783839\",\"if\":\"2.841\",\"snip\":\"2.156\",\"abstract\":\"The dynamics of groundwater at the beach face land???ocean boundary have important implications to the exchange of water, nutrients, and pollutants between the ocean and coastal aquifers, and more subtly, varying groundwater levels may induce differing morphological response at the beach face. As a component of the multi-institution Barrier Dynamics Experiment (BARDEX II), groundwater fluxes and flow paths within a prototype-scale sandy barrier are quantified and reported at the three fundamental spatio-temporal scales (individual waves, the beach face, and total barrier), under controlled wave and water level conditions. A particular feature of the experimental programme was the inclusion of a back-barrier ???lagoon???, that via a pump system and an intermediate water reservoir enabled the forcing of contrasting hydraulic gradients across the barrier. It was observed that the groundwater level, flow paths, and fluxes within the beach face region of the sand barrier were predominantly controlled by the action of waves at the beach face, regardless of the overall seaward- or landward-directed barrier-scale hydraulic gradients. In the presence of waves, all tests undertaken to complete this study developed a seaward gradient in this zone under the influence of waves. As a further result of wave forcing at the beach face boundary, localised groundwater flow divides were observed to develop, further partitioning the circulation and flow paths of groundwater within the prototype-scale sand barrier.\",\"doi\":\"10.1016/j.coastaleng.2015.08.004\",\"keywords\":\"Beach groundwater,Coastal aquifer,Coastal hydrogeology,Physical modelling,Swash in/exfiltration\",\"language\":\"English\",\"publisher\":\"Elsevier B.V.\",\"bibtex\":\"@Article{Turner-2016,\\n  author    = {Turner, Ian L. and Rau, Gabriel C. and Austin, Martin J. and Andersen, Martin S.},\\n  title     = {{Groundwater fluxes and flow paths within coastal barriers: Observations from a large-scale laboratory experiment (BARDEX II)}},\\n  journal   = {Coastal Engineering},\\n  year      = {2016},\\n  date      = {2015-08-04},\\n  volume    = {113},\\n  number    = {BARDEX II Special Issue},\\n  pages     = {104-116},\\n  issn      = {03783839},\\n  if        = {2.841},\\n  snip      = {2.156},\\n  abstract  = {The dynamics of groundwater at the beach face land???ocean boundary have important implications to the exchange of water, nutrients, and pollutants between the ocean and coastal aquifers, and more subtly, varying groundwater levels may induce differing morphological response at the beach face. As a component of the multi-institution Barrier Dynamics Experiment (BARDEX II), groundwater fluxes and flow paths within a prototype-scale sandy barrier are quantified and reported at the three fundamental spatio-temporal scales (individual waves, the beach face, and total barrier), under controlled wave and water level conditions. A particular feature of the experimental programme was the inclusion of a back-barrier ???lagoon???, that via a pump system and an intermediate water reservoir enabled the forcing of contrasting hydraulic gradients across the barrier. It was observed that the groundwater level, flow paths, and fluxes within the beach face region of the sand barrier were predominantly controlled by the action of waves at the beach face, regardless of the overall seaward- or landward-directed barrier-scale hydraulic gradients. In the presence of waves, all tests undertaken to complete this study developed a seaward gradient in this zone under the influence of waves. As a further result of wave forcing at the beach face boundary, localised groundwater flow divides were observed to develop, further partitioning the circulation and flow paths of groundwater within the prototype-scale sand barrier.},\\n  doi       = {10.1016/j.coastaleng.2015.08.004},\\n  keywords  = {Beach groundwater,Coastal aquifer,Coastal hydrogeology,Physical modelling,Swash in/exfiltration},\\n  language  = {English},\\n  publisher = {Elsevier B.V.},\\n  type      = {Journal article},\\n}\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Turner, I. L.\",\"Rau, G. C.\",\"Austin, M. J.\",\"Andersen, M. S.\"],\"key\":\"Turner-2016\",\"id\":\"Turner-2016\",\"bibbaseid\":\"turner-rau-austin-andersen-groundwaterfluxesandflowpathswithincoastalbarriersobservationsfromalargescalelaboratoryexperimentbardexii-2016\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{},\"keyword\":[\"Beach groundwater\",\"Coastal aquifer\",\"Coastal hydrogeology\",\"Physical modelling\",\"Swash in/exfiltration\"],\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{\"rau, g\":\"https://gcrau.github.io/\"}},\"downloads\":0,\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"article\",\"type\":\"Journal article\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Rutlidge\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Helen\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Andersen\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Martin\",\"S.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Baker\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Andy\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Chinu\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Khorshed\",\"J.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Cuthbert\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Mark\",\"O.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Jex\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Catherine\",\"N.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Marjo\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Christopher\",\"E.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Markowska\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Monika\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Rau\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Gabriel\",\"C.\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"title\":\"Organic characterisation of cave drip water by LC-OCD and fluorescence analysis\",\"journal\":\"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta\",\"year\":\"2015\",\"date\":\"2015-05-26\",\"volume\":\"166\",\"pages\":\"15-28\",\"issn\":\"00167037\",\"if\":\"4.315\",\"snip\":\"1.583\",\"abstract\":\"Cathedral Cave, Wellington, Australia, is a natural laboratory for studying water movement and geochemical processes in the unsaturated zone by using artificial irrigation to activate drip sites within the cave. Water sampled from two drip sites activated by irrigations carried out in summer 2014 was analysed for dissolved inorganic ions and fluorescent organic matter. The analysis allowed the development of a conceptual flow path model for each drip site. DOM analysis was further complemented by liquid chromatography with organic carbon detection (LC-OCD), applied for the first time to karst drip waters, allowing the characterisation of six organic matter fractions. The differences in organic matter fractions at each drip site are interpreted as a signature of the proposed flow paths. LC-OCD was also compared with parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC) of the fluorescence and good correlations were observed for high molecular weight organic matter. Strong positive correlations were also observed for high molecular weight matter and Cu and Ni. This is suggestive of colloidal transport of Cu and Ni by organic matter with high molecular weight, while small molecular weight colloids were not efficient transporters. LC-OCD uniquely provides information on non-fluorescent organic matter and can be used to further quantify drip water organic matter composition.\",\"doi\":\"10.1016/j.gca.2015.05.042\",\"isbn\":\"0016-7037\",\"publisher\":\"Elsevier Ltd\",\"bibtex\":\"@Article{Rutlidge-2015,\\n  author    = {Rutlidge, Helen and Andersen, Martin S. and Baker, Andy and Chinu, Khorshed J. and Cuthbert, Mark O. and Jex, Catherine N. and Marjo, Christopher E. and Markowska, Monika and Rau, Gabriel C.},\\n  title     = {{Organic characterisation of cave drip water by LC-OCD and fluorescence analysis}},\\n  journal   = {Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta},\\n  year      = {2015},\\n  date      = {2015-05-26},\\n  volume    = {166},\\n  pages     = {15-28},\\n  issn      = {00167037},\\n  if        = {4.315},\\n  snip      = {1.583},\\n  abstract  = {Cathedral Cave, Wellington, Australia, is a natural laboratory for studying water movement and geochemical processes in the unsaturated zone by using artificial irrigation to activate drip sites within the cave. Water sampled from two drip sites activated by irrigations carried out in summer 2014 was analysed for dissolved inorganic ions and fluorescent organic matter. The analysis allowed the development of a conceptual flow path model for each drip site. DOM analysis was further complemented by liquid chromatography with organic carbon detection (LC-OCD), applied for the first time to karst drip waters, allowing the characterisation of six organic matter fractions. The differences in organic matter fractions at each drip site are interpreted as a signature of the proposed flow paths. LC-OCD was also compared with parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC) of the fluorescence and good correlations were observed for high molecular weight organic matter. Strong positive correlations were also observed for high molecular weight matter and Cu and Ni. This is suggestive of colloidal transport of Cu and Ni by organic matter with high molecular weight, while small molecular weight colloids were not efficient transporters. LC-OCD uniquely provides information on non-fluorescent organic matter and can be used to further quantify drip water organic matter composition.},\\n  doi       = {10.1016/j.gca.2015.05.042},\\n  isbn      = {0016-7037},\\n  publisher = {Elsevier Ltd},\\n  type      = {Journal article},\\n}\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Rutlidge, H.\",\"Andersen, M. S.\",\"Baker, A.\",\"Chinu, K. J.\",\"Cuthbert, M. O.\",\"Jex, C. N.\",\"Marjo, C. E.\",\"Markowska, M.\",\"Rau, G. C.\"],\"key\":\"Rutlidge-2015\",\"id\":\"Rutlidge-2015\",\"bibbaseid\":\"rutlidge-andersen-baker-chinu-cuthbert-jex-marjo-markowska-etal-organiccharacterisationofcavedripwaterbylcocdandfluorescenceanalysis-2015\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{},\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{\"rau, g\":\"https://gcrau.github.io/\"}},\"downloads\":0,\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"conference\",\"type\":\"Conference presentation\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Acworth\"],\"firstnames\":[\"R.I.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"McCallum\"],\"firstnames\":[\"A.M.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Rau\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Gabriel\",\"CC.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Andersen\"],\"firstnames\":[\"M.S.\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"title\":\"Tree-water use and groundwater level changes in an unconfined alluvial aquifer at Maules Creek, Narrabri, NSW, Australia\",\"year\":\"2012\",\"note\":\"Conference presentation\",\"booktitle\":\"39th IAH Congress\",\"datespan\":\"16-21 Sept 2012\",\"location\":\"Niagara Falls, Canada\",\"name\":\"39th IAH Congress\",\"bibtex\":\"@Conference{Acworth-2012-conf,\\n  author    = {Acworth, R.I. and McCallum, A.M. and Rau, Gabriel CC. and Andersen, M.S.},\\n  title     = {Tree-water use and groundwater level changes in an unconfined alluvial aquifer at Maules Creek, Narrabri, NSW, Australia},\\n  year      = {2012},\\n  note      = {Conference presentation},\\n  booktitle = {39th IAH Congress},\\n  datespan  = {16-21 Sept 2012},\\n  location  = {Niagara Falls, Canada},\\n  name      = {39th IAH Congress},\\n  type      = {Conference presentation},\\n}\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Acworth, R.\",\"McCallum, A.\",\"Rau, G. C.\",\"Andersen, M.\"],\"key\":\"Acworth-2012-conf\",\"id\":\"Acworth-2012-conf\",\"bibbaseid\":\"acworth-mccallum-rau-andersen-treewateruseandgroundwaterlevelchangesinanunconfinedalluvialaquiferatmaulescreeknarrabrinswaustralia-2012\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{},\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{\"rau, g\":\"https://gcrau.github.io/\"}},\"downloads\":0,\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"conference\",\"type\":\"Conference presentation\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Andersen\"],\"firstnames\":[\"M\",\"S\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Cuthbert\"],\"firstnames\":[\"M\",\"O\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Rau\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Gabriel\",\"C\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Baker\"],\"firstnames\":[\"A\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Roshan\"],\"firstnames\":[\"H\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Rutlidge\"],\"firstnames\":[\"H\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Marjo\"],\"firstnames\":[\"C\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Markowska\"],\"firstnames\":[\"M\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Graham\"],\"firstnames\":[\"P\",\"W\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"title\":\"Drip-water temperatures in caves: Surface signals or cave processes? Implications for speleothem deposits and paleoclimate archives\",\"year\":\"2013\",\"note\":\"Conference presentation\",\"booktitle\":\"AGU Fall Meeting\",\"datespan\":\"9-13 Dec 2013\",\"location\":\"San Francisco, CA, USA\",\"name\":\"AGU Fall Meeting\",\"bibtex\":\"@Conference{Andersen-2013-conf,\\n  author    = {Andersen, M S and Cuthbert, M O and Rau, Gabriel C and Baker, A and Roshan, H and Rutlidge, H and Marjo, C and Markowska, M and Graham, P W},\\n  title     = {Drip-water temperatures in caves: Surface signals or cave processes? Implications for speleothem deposits and paleoclimate archives},\\n  year      = {2013},\\n  note      = {Conference presentation},\\n  booktitle = {AGU Fall Meeting},\\n  datespan  = {9-13 Dec 2013},\\n  location  = {San Francisco, CA, USA},\\n  name      = {AGU Fall Meeting},\\n  type      = {Conference presentation},\\n}\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Andersen, M S\",\"Cuthbert, M O\",\"Rau, G. C\",\"Baker, A\",\"Roshan, H\",\"Rutlidge, H\",\"Marjo, C\",\"Markowska, M\",\"Graham, P W\"],\"key\":\"Andersen-2013-conf\",\"id\":\"Andersen-2013-conf\",\"bibbaseid\":\"andersen-cuthbert-rau-baker-roshan-rutlidge-marjo-markowska-etal-dripwatertemperaturesincavessurfacesignalsorcaveprocessesimplicationsforspeleothemdepositsandpaleoclimatearchives-2013\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{},\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{\"rau, g\":\"https://gcrau.github.io/\"}},\"downloads\":0,\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"conference\",\"type\":\"Conference presentation\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Andersen\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Martin\",\"S.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Cuthbert\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Mark\",\"O.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Rau\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Gabriel\",\"C.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Baker\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Andy\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Roshan\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Hamid\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Rutlidge\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Helen\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Marjo\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Chris\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Markowska\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Monika\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Graham\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Peter\",\"W.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Mariethoz\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Gregoire\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"title\":\"Drip-Water Temperatures in Caves: Surface Signals or Cave Processes? – Implications for Speleothem Deposits and Paleoclimate Archives\",\"year\":\"2013\",\"note\":\"Conference presentation\",\"booktitle\":\"AGU Fall Meeting\",\"datespan\":\"9-13 Dec 2013\",\"location\":\"San Francisco, USA\",\"name\":\"AGU Fall Meeting\",\"bibtex\":\"@Conference{Andersen-2013-confa,\\n  author    = {Andersen, Martin S. and Cuthbert, Mark O. and Rau, Gabriel C. and Baker, Andy and Roshan, Hamid and Rutlidge, Helen and Marjo, Chris and Markowska, Monika and Graham, Peter W. and Mariethoz, Gregoire},\\n  title     = {Drip-Water Temperatures in Caves: Surface Signals or Cave Processes? – Implications for Speleothem Deposits and Paleoclimate Archives},\\n  year      = {2013},\\n  note      = {Conference presentation},\\n  booktitle = {AGU Fall Meeting},\\n  datespan  = {9-13 Dec 2013},\\n  location  = {San Francisco, USA},\\n  name      = {AGU Fall Meeting},\\n  type      = {Conference presentation},\\n}\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Andersen, M. S.\",\"Cuthbert, M. O.\",\"Rau, G. C.\",\"Baker, A.\",\"Roshan, H.\",\"Rutlidge, H.\",\"Marjo, C.\",\"Markowska, M.\",\"Graham, P. W.\",\"Mariethoz, G.\"],\"key\":\"Andersen-2013-confa\",\"id\":\"Andersen-2013-confa\",\"bibbaseid\":\"andersen-cuthbert-rau-baker-roshan-rutlidge-marjo-markowska-etal-dripwatertemperaturesincavessurfacesignalsorcaveprocessesimplicationsforspeleothemdepositsandpaleoclimatearchives-2013\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{},\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{\"rau, g\":\"https://gcrau.github.io/\"}},\"downloads\":0,\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"conference\",\"type\":\"Conference presentation\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Andersen\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Martin.\",\"S.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Cuthbert\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Mark\",\"O.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Rau\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Gabriel\",\"C.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Roshan\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Hamid\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Rutlidge\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Helen\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Marjo\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Chris\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Markowska\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Monika\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Graham\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Peter\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Mariethoz\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Gregoire\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Baker\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Andy\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"title\":\"A groundwater recharge experiment in karst: Wellington Caves, NSW\",\"year\":\"2013\",\"note\":\"Conference presentation\",\"booktitle\":\"40th IAH International Convention\",\"datespan\":\"15-20 Sept 2013\",\"location\":\"Perth, Australia\",\"name\":\"40th IAH International Convention\",\"bibtex\":\"@Conference{Andersen-2013-confb,\\n  author    = {Andersen, Martin. S. and Cuthbert, Mark O. and Rau, Gabriel C. and Roshan, Hamid and Rutlidge, Helen and Marjo, Chris and Markowska, Monika and Graham, Peter and Mariethoz, Gregoire and Baker, Andy},\\n  title     = {A groundwater recharge experiment in karst: Wellington Caves, NSW},\\n  year      = {2013},\\n  note      = {Conference presentation},\\n  booktitle = {40th IAH International Convention},\\n  datespan  = {15-20 Sept 2013},\\n  location  = {Perth, Australia},\\n  name      = {40th IAH International Convention},\\n  type      = {Conference presentation},\\n}\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Andersen, M. S.\",\"Cuthbert, M. O.\",\"Rau, G. C.\",\"Roshan, H.\",\"Rutlidge, H.\",\"Marjo, C.\",\"Markowska, M.\",\"Graham, P.\",\"Mariethoz, G.\",\"Baker, A.\"],\"key\":\"Andersen-2013-confb\",\"id\":\"Andersen-2013-confb\",\"bibbaseid\":\"andersen-cuthbert-rau-roshan-rutlidge-marjo-markowska-graham-etal-agroundwaterrechargeexperimentinkarstwellingtoncavesnsw-2013\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{},\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{\"rau, g\":\"https://gcrau.github.io/\"}},\"downloads\":0,\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"conference\",\"type\":\"Conference presentation\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Andersen\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Martin\",\"S\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Eberhard\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Stefan\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Rutlidge\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Helen\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Rau\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Gabriel\",\"C\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Chen\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Junsong\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Salma\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Afrida\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Moll\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Cecil\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Halloran\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Landon\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Li\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Calvin\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Neilson\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Beth\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Neilson\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Drew\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Boulton\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Andrew\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Cuthbert\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Mark\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Murphy\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Cassandra\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"title\":\"Mapping groundwater discharge and water chemistry in streams - Towards understanding the ecological impacts of groundwater drawdown\",\"year\":\"2015\",\"note\":\"Conference presentation\",\"booktitle\":\"Australian Groundwater Conference\",\"datespan\":\"3 - 5 Nov 2015\",\"location\":\"Canberra, Australia\",\"name\":\"Australian Groundwater Conference\",\"bibtex\":\"@Conference{Andersen-2015-conf,\\n  author    = {Andersen, Martin S and Eberhard, Stefan and Rutlidge, Helen and Rau, Gabriel C and Chen, Junsong and Salma, Afrida and Moll, Cecil and Halloran, Landon and Li, Calvin and Neilson, Beth and Neilson, Drew and Boulton, Andrew and Cuthbert, Mark and Murphy, Cassandra},\\n  title     = {Mapping groundwater discharge and water chemistry in streams - Towards understanding the ecological impacts of groundwater drawdown},\\n  year      = {2015},\\n  note      = {Conference presentation},\\n  booktitle = {Australian Groundwater Conference},\\n  datespan  = {3 - 5 Nov 2015},\\n  location  = {Canberra, Australia},\\n  name      = {Australian Groundwater Conference},\\n  type      = {Conference presentation},\\n}\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Andersen, M. S\",\"Eberhard, S.\",\"Rutlidge, H.\",\"Rau, G. C\",\"Chen, J.\",\"Salma, A.\",\"Moll, C.\",\"Halloran, L.\",\"Li, C.\",\"Neilson, B.\",\"Neilson, D.\",\"Boulton, A.\",\"Cuthbert, M.\",\"Murphy, C.\"],\"key\":\"Andersen-2015-conf\",\"id\":\"Andersen-2015-conf\",\"bibbaseid\":\"andersen-eberhard-rutlidge-rau-chen-salma-moll-halloran-etal-mappinggroundwaterdischargeandwaterchemistryinstreamstowardsunderstandingtheecologicalimpactsofgroundwaterdrawdown-2015\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{},\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{\"rau, g\":\"https://gcrau.github.io/\"}},\"downloads\":0,\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"conference\",\"type\":\"Conference presentation\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Andersen\"],\"firstnames\":[\"M.\",\"S.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"McCallum\"],\"firstnames\":[\"A.\",\"M.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Giambastiani\"],\"firstnames\":[\"B.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Rau\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Gabriel\",\"C\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Kelly\"],\"firstnames\":[\"B.\",\"F.\",\"J.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Acworth\"],\"firstnames\":[\"R.I.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Meredith\"],\"firstnames\":[\"K.\",\"T.\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"title\":\"Investigations of surface water groundwater interactions in a water stressed semi-arid catchment\",\"year\":\"2012\",\"note\":\"Conference presentation\",\"booktitle\":\"CSIRO/NWC/NCGRT Groundwater – Surface Water Interactions Workshop\",\"datespan\":\"27-28 March 2012\",\"location\":\"Canberra, Australia\",\"name\":\"CSIRO/NWC/NCGRT Groundwater – Surface Water Interactions Workshop\",\"bibtex\":\"@Conference{Andersen-2012-conf,\\n  author    = {Andersen, M. S. and McCallum, A. M. and Giambastiani, B. and Rau, Gabriel C and Kelly, B. F. J. and Acworth, R.I. and Meredith, K. T.},\\n  title     = {Investigations of surface water groundwater interactions in a water stressed semi-arid catchment},\\n  year      = {2012},\\n  note      = {Conference presentation},\\n  booktitle = {CSIRO/NWC/NCGRT Groundwater – Surface Water Interactions Workshop},\\n  datespan  = {27-28 March 2012},\\n  location  = {Canberra, Australia},\\n  name      = {CSIRO/NWC/NCGRT Groundwater – Surface Water Interactions Workshop},\\n  type      = {Conference presentation},\\n}\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Andersen, M. S.\",\"McCallum, A. M.\",\"Giambastiani, B.\",\"Rau, G. C\",\"Kelly, B. F. J.\",\"Acworth, R.\",\"Meredith, K. 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M.\",\"Roshan, H.\",\"Cuthbert, M.\",\"Acworth, R.\"],\"key\":\"Rau-2013-conf\",\"id\":\"Rau-2013-conf\",\"bibbaseid\":\"rau-andersen-roshan-cuthbert-acworth-heatasatracerofgroundwaterflowrecentadvancesandfuturechallenges-2013\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{},\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{\"rau, g\":\"https://gcrau.github.io/\"}},\"downloads\":0,\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"conference\",\"type\":\"Conference presentation\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Rau\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Gabriel\",\"C.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Cuthbert\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Mark\",\"O.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Andersen\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Martin\",\"S.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Baker\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Andy\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Rutlidge\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Helen\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Roshan\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Monika\",\"Markowska\",\"Hamid\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Marjo\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Christopher\",\"E.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Graham\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Peter\",\"W.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Acworth\"],\"firstnames\":[\"R.\",\"Ian\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"title\":\"What controls the cave drip water temperature? 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C\",\"Andersen, M.\"],\"key\":\"Baker-2015-conf\",\"id\":\"Baker-2015-conf\",\"bibbaseid\":\"baker-treble-coleborn-mahmud-markowska-flemons-cuthbert-rau-etal-hundredsofautomaticdripcountersrevealinfiltrationwaterdischargecharacteristicsinaustraliancaves-2015\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{},\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{\"rau, g\":\"https://gcrau.github.io/\"}},\"downloads\":0,\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"conference\",\"type\":\"Conference poster\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Halloran\"],\"firstnames\":[\"L.\",\"J.\",\"S.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Rau\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Gabriel\",\"C\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Andersen\"],\"firstnames\":[\"M.\",\"S.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Roshan\"],\"firstnames\":[\"H.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Acworth\"],\"firstnames\":[\"I.\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"title\":\"Natural temperature variations and soil moisture content in the vadose zone\",\"year\":\"2015\",\"note\":\"Conference poster\",\"booktitle\":\"Australian Groundwater Conference\",\"datespan\":\"3 - 5 Nov 2015\",\"location\":\"Canberra, Australia\",\"name\":\"Australian Groundwater Conference\",\"url\":\"http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015EGUGA..17.1312H\",\"bibtex\":\"@Conference{Halloran-2015-conf,\\n  author    = {Halloran, L. J. S. and Rau, Gabriel C and Andersen, M. S. and Roshan, H. and Acworth, I.},\\n  title     = {Natural temperature variations and soil moisture content in the vadose zone},\\n  year      = {2015},\\n  note      = {Conference poster},\\n  booktitle = {Australian Groundwater Conference},\\n  datespan  = {3 - 5 Nov 2015},\\n  location  = {Canberra, Australia},\\n  name      = {Australian Groundwater Conference},\\n  type      = {Conference poster},\\n  url       = {http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015EGUGA..17.1312H},\\n}\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Halloran, L. J. S.\",\"Rau, G. C\",\"Andersen, M. S.\",\"Roshan, H.\",\"Acworth, I.\"],\"key\":\"Halloran-2015-conf\",\"id\":\"Halloran-2015-conf\",\"bibbaseid\":\"halloran-rau-andersen-roshan-acworth-naturaltemperaturevariationsandsoilmoisturecontentinthevadosezone-2015\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{\"Paper\":\"http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015EGUGA..17.1312H\"},\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{\"rau, g\":\"https://gcrau.github.io/\"}},\"downloads\":0,\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"conference\",\"type\":\"Conference poster\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Halloran\"],\"firstnames\":[\"L.\",\"J.\",\"S.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Roshan\"],\"firstnames\":[\"H.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Rau\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Gabriel\",\"C\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Cuthbert\"],\"firstnames\":[\"M.\",\"O.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Andersen\"],\"firstnames\":[\"M.\",\"S.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Acworth\"],\"firstnames\":[\"I.\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"title\":\"Soil moisture content estimation from passive temperature measurements\",\"year\":\"2015\",\"note\":\"Conference poster\",\"booktitle\":\"EGU General Assembly\",\"datespan\":\"12–17 April 2015 \",\"location\":\"Vienna, Austria\",\"name\":\"EGU General Assembly\",\"url\":\"http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015EGUGA..17.1312H\",\"bibtex\":\"@Conference{Halloran-2015-confa,\\n  author    = {Halloran, L. J. S. and Roshan, H. and Rau, Gabriel C and Cuthbert, M. O. and Andersen, M. S. and Acworth, I.},\\n  title     = {Soil moisture content estimation from passive temperature measurements},\\n  year      = {2015},\\n  note      = {Conference poster},\\n  booktitle = {EGU General Assembly},\\n  datespan  = { 12–17 April 2015 },\\n  location  = {Vienna, Austria},\\n  name      = {EGU General Assembly},\\n  type      = {Conference poster},\\n  url       = {http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015EGUGA..17.1312H},\\n}\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Halloran, L. J. S.\",\"Roshan, H.\",\"Rau, G. C\",\"Cuthbert, M. O.\",\"Andersen, M. S.\",\"Acworth, I.\"],\"key\":\"Halloran-2015-confa\",\"id\":\"Halloran-2015-confa\",\"bibbaseid\":\"halloran-roshan-rau-cuthbert-andersen-acworth-soilmoisturecontentestimationfrompassivetemperaturemeasurements-2015\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{\"Paper\":\"http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015EGUGA..17.1312H\"},\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{\"rau, g\":\"https://gcrau.github.io/\"}},\"downloads\":0,\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"conference\",\"type\":\"Conference poster\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Keshavarzi\"],\"firstnames\":[\"M\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Graham\"],\"firstnames\":[\"P\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Baker\"],\"firstnames\":[\"A\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Kelly\"],\"firstnames\":[\"B\",\"F\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Andersen\"],\"firstnames\":[\"M\",\"S\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Rau\"],\"firstnames\":[\"G\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Acworth\"],\"firstnames\":[\"R\",\"I\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Smithson\"],\"firstnames\":[\"A\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"title\":\"Understanding River - Groundwater Interactions in a Karst System, Wellington, NSW\",\"year\":\"2014\",\"note\":\"Conference poster\",\"booktitle\":\"Australian Earth Science Convention 2014\",\"datespan\":\"7 - 10 July 2014\",\"location\":\"Newcastle, Australia\",\"name\":\"Australian Earth Science Convention 2014\",\"bibtex\":\"@Conference{Keshavarzi-2014-conf,\\n  author    = {Keshavarzi, M and Graham, P and Baker, A and Kelly, B F and Andersen, M S and Rau, G and Acworth, R I and Smithson, A},\\n  title     = {Understanding River - Groundwater Interactions in a Karst System, Wellington, NSW},\\n  year      = {2014},\\n  note      = {Conference poster},\\n  booktitle = {Australian Earth Science Convention 2014},\\n  datespan  = {7 - 10 July 2014},\\n  location  = {Newcastle, Australia},\\n  name      = {Australian Earth Science Convention 2014},\\n  type      = {Conference poster},\\n}\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Keshavarzi, M\",\"Graham, P\",\"Baker, A\",\"Kelly, B F\",\"Andersen, M S\",\"Rau, G\",\"Acworth, R I\",\"Smithson, A\"],\"key\":\"Keshavarzi-2014-conf\",\"id\":\"Keshavarzi-2014-conf\",\"bibbaseid\":\"keshavarzi-graham-baker-kelly-andersen-rau-acworth-smithson-understandingrivergroundwaterinteractionsinakarstsystemwellingtonnsw-2014\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{},\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{\"rau, g\":\"https://gcrau.github.io/\"}},\"downloads\":0,\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"conference\",\"type\":\"Conference poster\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Rau\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Gabriel\",\"C\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Andersen\"],\"firstnames\":[\"M.S.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"McCallum\"],\"firstnames\":[\"A.M.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Acworth\"],\"firstnames\":[\"R.I\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"title\":\"Field and Numerical Investigation of Surface Water Groundwater Interactions Using Natural Heat as a Tracer – Deviation from the 1D Flow Assumption\",\"year\":\"2008\",\"note\":\"Conference poster\",\"booktitle\":\"Western Pacific AGU meeting\",\"datespan\":\"28 July – 1 August 2008\",\"location\":\"Cairns, Australia\",\"name\":\"Western Pacific AGU meeting\",\"bibtex\":\"@Conference{Rau-2008-conf,\\n  author    = {Rau, Gabriel C and Andersen, M.S. and McCallum, A.M. and Acworth, R.I},\\n  title     = {Field and Numerical Investigation of Surface Water Groundwater Interactions Using Natural Heat as a Tracer – Deviation from the 1D Flow Assumption},\\n  year      = {2008},\\n  note      = {Conference poster},\\n  booktitle = {Western Pacific AGU meeting},\\n  datespan  = {28 July – 1 August 2008},\\n  location  = {Cairns, Australia},\\n  name      = {Western Pacific AGU meeting},\\n  type      = {Conference poster},\\n}\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Rau, G. C\",\"Andersen, M.\",\"McCallum, A.\",\"Acworth, R.\"],\"key\":\"Rau-2008-conf\",\"id\":\"Rau-2008-conf\",\"bibbaseid\":\"rau-andersen-mccallum-acworth-fieldandnumericalinvestigationofsurfacewatergroundwaterinteractionsusingnaturalheatasatracerdeviationfromthe1dflowassumption-2008\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{},\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{\"rau, g\":\"https://gcrau.github.io/\"}},\"downloads\":0,\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"conference\",\"type\":\"Conference poster\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Rau\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Gabriel\",\"C\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Rutlidge\"],\"firstnames\":[\"H.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Andersen\"],\"firstnames\":[\"M.\",\"S.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Unland\"],\"firstnames\":[\"N.\",\"P.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Hofmann\"],\"firstnames\":[\"H.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Gilfedder\"],\"firstnames\":[\"B.\",\"S.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Atkinson\"],\"firstnames\":[\"A.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Cartwright\"],\"firstnames\":[\"I.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Baker\"],\"firstnames\":[\"A.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Acworth\"],\"firstnames\":[\"R.\",\"I.\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"title\":\"222-Rn and hydrochemical parameters reveal natural and induced surface groundwater exchange pathways\",\"year\":\"2015\",\"note\":\"Conference poster\",\"booktitle\":\"International Symposium on Isotope Hydrology\",\"datespan\":\"11-15 May 2015\",\"location\":\"Vienna, Austria\",\"name\":\"International Symposium on Isotope Hydrology\",\"url\":\"https://conferences.iaea.org/indico/conferenceDisplay.py?confId=49\",\"bibtex\":\"@Conference{Rau-2015-conf,\\n  author    = {Rau, Gabriel C and Rutlidge, H. and Andersen, M. S. and Unland, N. P. and Hofmann, H. and Gilfedder, B. S. and Atkinson, A. and Cartwright, I. and Baker, A. and Acworth, R. I.},\\n  title     = {222-Rn and hydrochemical parameters reveal natural and induced surface groundwater exchange pathways},\\n  year      = {2015},\\n  note      = {Conference poster},\\n  booktitle = {International Symposium on Isotope Hydrology},\\n  datespan  = {11-15 May 2015},\\n  location  = {Vienna, Austria},\\n  name      = {International Symposium on Isotope Hydrology},\\n  type      = {Conference poster},\\n  url       = {https://conferences.iaea.org/indico/conferenceDisplay.py?confId=49},\\n}\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Rau, G. C\",\"Rutlidge, H.\",\"Andersen, M. S.\",\"Unland, N. P.\",\"Hofmann, H.\",\"Gilfedder, B. S.\",\"Atkinson, A.\",\"Cartwright, I.\",\"Baker, A.\",\"Acworth, R. I.\"],\"key\":\"Rau-2015-conf\",\"id\":\"Rau-2015-conf\",\"bibbaseid\":\"rau-rutlidge-andersen-unland-hofmann-gilfedder-atkinson-cartwright-etal-222rnandhydrochemicalparametersrevealnaturalandinducedsurfacegroundwaterexchangepathways-2015\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{\"Paper\":\"https://conferences.iaea.org/indico/conferenceDisplay.py?confId=49\"},\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{\"rau, g\":\"https://gcrau.github.io/\"}},\"downloads\":0,\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"conference\",\"type\":\"Conference poster\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Roshan\"],\"firstnames\":[\"H.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Young\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Michael\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Andersen\"],\"firstnames\":[\"M.\",\"S.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Halloran\"],\"firstnames\":[\"L.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"McCallum\"],\"firstnames\":[\"A.M.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Rau\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Gabriel\",\"CC.\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Acworth\"],\"firstnames\":[\"R.I.\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"title\":\"Evaluating thermal response of Fiber Optic Distributed Temperature Sensing\",\"year\":\"2013\",\"note\":\"Conference poster\",\"booktitle\":\"40th IAH International Convention\",\"datespan\":\"15-20 Sept 2013\",\"location\":\"Perth, Australia\",\"name\":\"40th IAH International Convention\",\"bibtex\":\"@Conference{Roshan-2013-conf,\\n  author    = {Roshan, H. and Young, Michael and Andersen, M. S. and Halloran, L. and McCallum, A.M. and Rau, Gabriel CC. and Acworth, R.I.},\\n  title     = {Evaluating thermal response of Fiber Optic Distributed Temperature Sensing},\\n  year      = {2013},\\n  note      = {Conference poster},\\n  booktitle = {40th IAH International Convention},\\n  datespan  = {15-20 Sept 2013},\\n  location  = {Perth, Australia},\\n  name      = {40th IAH International Convention},\\n  type      = {Conference poster},\\n}\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Roshan, H.\",\"Young, M.\",\"Andersen, M. S.\",\"Halloran, L.\",\"McCallum, A.\",\"Rau, G. C.\",\"Acworth, R.\"],\"key\":\"Roshan-2013-conf\",\"id\":\"Roshan-2013-conf\",\"bibbaseid\":\"roshan-young-andersen-halloran-mccallum-rau-acworth-evaluatingthermalresponseoffiberopticdistributedtemperaturesensing-2013\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{},\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{\"rau, g\":\"https://gcrau.github.io/\"}},\"downloads\":0,\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"conference\",\"type\":\"Conference poster\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Rutlidge\"],\"firstnames\":[\"H\",\"T\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Andersen\"],\"firstnames\":[\"M\",\"S\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Rau\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Gabriel\",\"C\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Cuthbert\"],\"firstnames\":[\"M\",\"O\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Graham\"],\"firstnames\":[\"P\",\"W\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Unland\"],\"firstnames\":[\"N\",\"P\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Hofmann\"],\"firstnames\":[\"H\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Gilfidder\"],\"firstnames\":[\"B\",\"S\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Atkinson\"],\"firstnames\":[\"A\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Cartwright\"],\"firstnames\":[\"I\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Halloran\"],\"firstnames\":[\"L\",\"J\",\"S\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Baker\"],\"firstnames\":[\"A\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"title\":\"Use of fluorescence in conjunction with radon activity to monitor groundwater-surface water interactions in a system under stress\",\"year\":\"2014\",\"note\":\"Conference poster\",\"booktitle\":\"Goldschmidt\",\"datespan\":\"8 - 13 June 2014\",\"location\":\"Sacramento, CA, USA\",\"name\":\"Goldschmidt\",\"bibtex\":\"@Conference{Rutlidge-2014-conf,\\n  author    = {Rutlidge, H T and Andersen, M S and Rau, Gabriel C and Cuthbert, M O and Graham, P W and Unland, N P and Hofmann, H and Gilfidder, B S and Atkinson, A and Cartwright, I and Halloran, L J S and Baker, A},\\n  title     = {Use of fluorescence in conjunction with radon activity to monitor groundwater-surface water interactions in a system under stress},\\n  year      = {2014},\\n  note      = {Conference poster},\\n  booktitle = {Goldschmidt},\\n  datespan  = {8 - 13 June 2014},\\n  location  = {Sacramento, CA, USA},\\n  name      = {Goldschmidt},\\n  type      = {Conference poster},\\n}\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Rutlidge, H T\",\"Andersen, M S\",\"Rau, G. C\",\"Cuthbert, M O\",\"Graham, P W\",\"Unland, N P\",\"Hofmann, H\",\"Gilfidder, B S\",\"Atkinson, A\",\"Cartwright, I\",\"Halloran, L J S\",\"Baker, A\"],\"key\":\"Rutlidge-2014-conf\",\"id\":\"Rutlidge-2014-conf\",\"bibbaseid\":\"rutlidge-andersen-rau-cuthbert-graham-unland-hofmann-gilfidder-etal-useoffluorescenceinconjunctionwithradonactivitytomonitorgroundwatersurfacewaterinteractionsinasystemunderstress-2014\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{},\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{\"rau, g\":\"https://gcrau.github.io/\"}},\"downloads\":0,\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"conference\",\"type\":\"Conference poster\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Halloran\"],\"firstnames\":[\"LJ\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Rau\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Gabriel\",\"C\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Kennedy\"],\"firstnames\":[\"JP\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Li\"],\"firstnames\":[\"CP\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Roshan\"],\"firstnames\":[\"H\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Andersen\"],\"firstnames\":[\"MS\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"title\":\"Applied thermal methods in unsaturated zone hydrology\",\"year\":\"2016\",\"organization\":\"Sydney, NSW\",\"note\":\"Conference poster\",\"__markedentry\":\"[z3229417:6]\",\"booktitle\":\"International Conference on Porous Media & First Annual Meeting of Australian Chapter of InterPore\",\"conference\":\"International Conference on Porous Media & First Annual Meeting of Australian Chapter of InterPore\",\"datespan\":\"30 Nov - 2 Dec 2016\",\"bibtex\":\"@Conference{Halloran-,\\n  author        = {Halloran, LJ and Rau, Gabriel C and Kennedy, JP and Li, CP and Roshan, H and Andersen, MS},\\n  title         = {Applied thermal methods in unsaturated zone hydrology},\\n  year          = {2016},\\n  organization  = {Sydney, NSW},\\n  note          = {Conference poster},\\n  __markedentry = {[z3229417:6]},\\n  booktitle     = {International Conference on Porous Media \\\\& First Annual Meeting of Australian Chapter of InterPore},\\n  conference    = {International Conference on Porous Media \\\\& First Annual Meeting of Australian Chapter of InterPore},\\n  datespan      = {30 Nov - 2 Dec 2016},\\n  type          = {Conference poster},\\n}\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Halloran, L.\",\"Rau, G. C\",\"Kennedy, J.\",\"Li, C.\",\"Roshan, H\",\"Andersen, M.\"],\"key\":\"Halloran-\",\"id\":\"Halloran-\",\"bibbaseid\":\"halloran-rau-kennedy-li-roshan-andersen-appliedthermalmethodsinunsaturatedzonehydrology-2016\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{},\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{\"rau, g\":\"https://gcrau.github.io/\"}},\"downloads\":0,\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"conference\",\"type\":\"Conference presentation\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Andersen\"],\"firstnames\":[\"MS\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Eberhard\"],\"firstnames\":[\"SM\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Rutlidge\"],\"firstnames\":[\"H\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Rau\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Gabriel\",\"C\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Auhl\"],\"firstnames\":[\"A\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Moll\"],\"firstnames\":[\"C\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"title\":\"Biogeochemical processes in the hyporheic zone: the role of flow regime in controlling habitat.\",\"year\":\"2016\",\"month\":\"Nov\",\"note\":\"Conference presentation\",\"__markedentry\":\"[z3229417:6]\",\"abstract\":\"Flow of water is essential to provide food (organic matter - OM), nutrients (e.g. N and P) and electron acceptors (e.g. oxygen, nitrate, etc.) for groundwater-dependent ecosystems. In the hyporheic zone, subsurface flows may have multiple sources, i.e. regional groundwater or surface water via hyporheic exchange. These water sources may have very different chemical composition in terms of nutrients, electron acceptors and OM and its quality (i.e. reactivity). Regional groundwater tends to be geochemically evolved and has low concentrations of labile OM. In contrast, surface water has higher concentrations of labile OM. Hence down-welling surface water leads to steep redox-gradients along hyporheic flow paths caused by rapid degradation of OM. As a consequence contrasting subsurface environmental conditions can be formed depending on the source of water, with a range of redox-conditions from oxic to anoxic. Up-welling oxic groundwater will support ecosystems with higher trophic levels (i.e. invertebrates) whereas anoxic conditions will lead to an anaerobic microbe-dominated ecosystem. Altering the flow regime in hyporheic systems will change the hydrogeochemical conditions, OM degradation and microbial processes, and the habitat for invertebrates. For instance depriving streams of their groundwater contribution (e.g. due to groundwater abstraction) could decrease amount and duration of surface flow, enhance down-welling of surface water and alter water quality towards more anoxic conditions. This has significant implications for ecohydrological processes and ecosystem functioning in the hyporheic zone. This presentation will explore these processes by theoretical considerations and field studies undertaken at Maules Creek, NSW.\",\"booktitle\":\"Ecological Society of Australia Annual Conference\",\"conference\":\"Ecological Society of Australia Annual Conference\",\"datsespan\":\"28 Nov - 2 Dec 2016\",\"location\":\"Fremantle Western Australia\",\"url\":\"http://www.esa2016.org.au/\",\"bibtex\":\"@Conference{Andersen-2016,\\n  author        = {Andersen, MS and Eberhard, SM and Rutlidge, H and Rau, Gabriel C and Auhl, A and Moll, C},\\n  title         = {Biogeochemical processes in the hyporheic zone: the role of flow regime in controlling habitat.},\\n  year          = {2016},\\n  month         = {Nov},\\n  note          = {Conference presentation},\\n  __markedentry = {[z3229417:6]},\\n  abstract      = {Flow of water is essential to provide food (organic matter - OM), nutrients (e.g. N and P) and electron acceptors (e.g. oxygen, nitrate, etc.) for groundwater-dependent ecosystems. In the hyporheic zone, subsurface flows may have multiple sources, i.e. regional groundwater or surface water via hyporheic exchange. These water sources may have very different chemical composition in terms of nutrients, electron acceptors and OM and its quality (i.e. reactivity). Regional groundwater tends to be geochemically evolved and has low concentrations of labile OM. In contrast, surface water has higher concentrations of labile OM. Hence down-welling surface water leads to steep redox-gradients along hyporheic flow paths caused by rapid degradation of OM. As a consequence contrasting subsurface environmental conditions can be formed depending on the source of water, with a range of redox-conditions from oxic to anoxic. Up-welling oxic groundwater will support ecosystems with higher trophic levels (i.e. invertebrates) whereas anoxic conditions will lead to an anaerobic microbe-dominated ecosystem. Altering the flow regime in hyporheic systems will change the hydrogeochemical conditions, OM degradation and microbial processes, and the habitat for invertebrates. For instance depriving streams of their groundwater contribution (e.g. due to groundwater abstraction) could decrease amount and duration of surface flow, enhance down-welling of surface water and alter water quality towards more anoxic conditions. This has significant implications for ecohydrological processes and ecosystem functioning in the hyporheic zone. This presentation will explore these processes by theoretical considerations and field studies undertaken at Maules Creek, NSW.},\\n  booktitle     = {Ecological Society of Australia Annual Conference},\\n  conference    = {Ecological Society of Australia Annual Conference},\\n  datsespan     = {28 Nov - 2 Dec 2016},\\n  location      = {Fremantle Western Australia},\\n  type          = {Conference presentation},\\n  url           = {http://www.esa2016.org.au/},\\n}\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Andersen, M.\",\"Eberhard, S.\",\"Rutlidge, H\",\"Rau, G. C\",\"Auhl, A\",\"Moll, C\"],\"key\":\"Andersen-2016\",\"id\":\"Andersen-2016\",\"bibbaseid\":\"andersen-eberhard-rutlidge-rau-auhl-moll-biogeochemicalprocessesinthehyporheiczonetheroleofflowregimeincontrollinghabitat-2016\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{\"Paper\":\"http://www.esa2016.org.au/\"},\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{\"rau, g\":\"https://gcrau.github.io/\"}},\"downloads\":0,\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"conference\",\"type\":\"Conference presentation\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Andersen\"],\"firstnames\":[\"MS\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Rutlidge\"],\"firstnames\":[\"H\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"firstnames\":[],\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Eberhard\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"firstnames\":[],\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Auhl\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Rau\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Gabriel\",\"C\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"title\":\"Coupling of flow and biogeochemical processes controlling the environmental conditions in the hyporheic zone: Implications for the streambed habitat\",\"year\":\"2016\",\"organization\":\"San Francisco, USA\",\"note\":\"Conference presentation\",\"__markedentry\":\"[z3229417:6]\",\"abstract\":\"The hyporheic zone of streams not only connects groundwater and surface water, but is essential for nutrient and carbon cycling and provides crucial habitat for organisms (termed hyporheos). Here we demonstrate how flow (groundwater discharge and hyporheic exchange) and biogeochemical processes interact to form environmental conditions and habitat for hyporheos. This provides the understanding to assess how hyporheic conditions may be altered by changing flow paths caused by flow perturbations such as groundwater pumping. The studied reaches in the Maules Creek Catchment in New South Wales, Australia, comprise intermittent losing, perennial gaining and perennial losing sections, and are therefore well-suited to study how different flow paths affect water quality. Surface water, hyporheic zone pore water (at depths between 0.4 and 0.8 m), and groundwater from monitoring bores, was sampled and analysed for water quality and hyporheos. For each hyporheic site the hydraulic potential for upwelling or down-welling was measured by the vertical hydraulic head difference. Upwelling regional groundwater was generally oxic with detectable nitrate and low DOC (dissolved organic carbon). On the other hand, hyporheic water in down-welling zones became anoxic at shallow depths (< 1 m), with dissolved reduced species such as Fe2+, Mn2+ and NH4+ and no O2, forming a steep vertical redox gradient from the streambed into the sediment. Upwelling hyporheic water (originating from the stream) was found to have a similar hydrochemical signature. These zones did not support habitat for hyporheic invertebrates because metazoan organisms cannot permanently inhabit anoxic environments. No invertebrates were found for Fe2+ concentrations above 2 mg/L. The hyporheos in these zones appeared to be dominated by anaerobic microbes including Fe-reducing bacteria. Our results show that flow conditions affect water quality, which in turn regulates the habitat of hyporheic invertebrates as they will not exist under anoxic conditions. The results have implications for understanding the ecological responses of the hyporheic zone to perturbations which affect flow and biogeochemical processes.\",\"booktitle\":\"AGU Fall Meeting 2016\",\"conference\":\"American Geophysical Union Fall Meeting\",\"datespan\":\"12-16 Dec 2016\",\"url\":\"https://fallmeeting.agu.org/2016/#\",\"bibtex\":\"@Conference{Andersen-2016a,\\n  author        = {Andersen, MS and Rutlidge, H and Eberhard and Auhl and Rau, Gabriel C},\\n  title         = {Coupling of flow and biogeochemical processes controlling the environmental conditions in the hyporheic zone: Implications for the streambed habitat},\\n  year          = {2016},\\n  organization  = {San Francisco, USA},\\n  note          = {Conference presentation},\\n  __markedentry = {[z3229417:6]},\\n  abstract      = {The hyporheic zone of streams not only connects groundwater and surface water, but is essential for nutrient and carbon cycling and provides crucial habitat for organisms (termed hyporheos). Here we demonstrate how flow (groundwater discharge and hyporheic exchange) and biogeochemical processes interact to form environmental conditions and habitat for hyporheos. This provides the understanding to assess how hyporheic conditions may be altered by changing flow paths caused by flow perturbations such as groundwater pumping. The studied reaches in the Maules Creek Catchment in New South Wales, Australia, comprise intermittent losing, perennial gaining and perennial losing sections, and are therefore well-suited to study how different flow paths affect water quality. Surface water, hyporheic zone pore water (at depths between 0.4 and 0.8 m), and groundwater from monitoring bores, was sampled and analysed for water quality and hyporheos. For each hyporheic site the hydraulic potential for upwelling or down-welling was measured by the vertical hydraulic head difference. Upwelling regional groundwater was generally oxic with detectable nitrate and low DOC (dissolved organic carbon). On the other hand, hyporheic water in down-welling zones became anoxic at shallow depths (< 1 m), with dissolved reduced species such as Fe2+, Mn2+ and NH4+ and no O2, forming a steep vertical redox gradient from the streambed into the sediment. Upwelling hyporheic water (originating from the stream) was found to have a similar hydrochemical signature. These zones did not support habitat for hyporheic invertebrates because metazoan organisms cannot permanently inhabit anoxic environments. No invertebrates were found for Fe2+ concentrations above 2 mg/L. The hyporheos in these zones appeared to be dominated by anaerobic microbes including Fe-reducing bacteria. Our results show that flow conditions affect water quality, which in turn regulates the habitat of hyporheic invertebrates as they will not exist under anoxic conditions. The results have implications for understanding the ecological responses of the hyporheic zone to perturbations which affect flow and biogeochemical processes.},\\n  booktitle     = {AGU Fall Meeting 2016},\\n  conference    = {American Geophysical Union Fall Meeting},\\n  datespan      = {12-16 Dec 2016},\\n  type          = {Conference presentation},\\n  url           = {https://fallmeeting.agu.org/2016/#},\\n}\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Andersen, M.\",\"Rutlidge, H\",\"Eberhard\",\"Auhl\",\"Rau, G. C\"],\"key\":\"Andersen-2016a\",\"id\":\"Andersen-2016a\",\"bibbaseid\":\"andersen-rutlidge-eberhard-auhl-rau-couplingofflowandbiogeochemicalprocessescontrollingtheenvironmentalconditionsinthehyporheiczoneimplicationsforthestreambedhabitat-2016\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{\"Paper\":\"https://fallmeeting.agu.org/2016/#\"},\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{\"rau, g\":\"https://gcrau.github.io/\"}},\"downloads\":0,\"html\":\"\"}],\n      metadata: {\"owner\":\"rau, g\",\"authorlinks\":{\"rau, g\":\"https://gcrau.github.io/\"}},\n      ownerID: \"bzPnwHiGACNt254ft\"\n    };\n  </script>\n\n  <script type=\"text/javascript\">\n  var site$;\n  if (typeof $ != 'undefined') {\n    console.log('existing jquery: storing and then restoring');\n    site$ = $;\n    $ = null;\n  }\n  </script>\n\n  <script src=\"https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/2.2.4/jquery.min.js\">\n  </script>\n  <script type=\"text/javascript\">\n  if (site$) {\n    console.log('existing jquery: avoiding conflict and restoring');\n    bb$ = $.noConflict(true);\n    $ = site$;\n  } else {\n    bb$ = $;\n  }\n  </script>\n\n  <script src=\"//bibbase.org/js/bibbase.min.js\"\n          type=\"text/javascript\">\n  </script>\n\n  <script type=\"text/javascript\"\n          src=\"https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/mathjax/2.7.1/MathJax.js?config=TeX-AMS-MML_HTMLorMML\">\n  </script>\n  <script type=\"text/x-mathjax-config\">\n    MathJax.Hub.Config({tex2jax: {inlineMath: [['$','$'], ['\\\\(','\\\\)']]},\n                        skipTags: [\"body\"],\n                        processClass: \"bibbase_paper\"});\n  </script>\n\n  <style>\n  @media print {\n    .dontprint {\n        display: none !important;\n    }\n\n  .bibbase_group {\n    background-color: #E0E0E0;\n    font-style: italic;\n    font-size: larger;\n    text-shadow: 0px 0px 3px #FFFFFF;\n    border-radius: 4px 4px 4px 4px;\n    -moz-border-radius: 4px 4px 4px 4px;\n    -webkit-border-radius: 4px;\n    padding: 5px 40px 5px;\n    margin-top: 10px;\n    margin-bottom: 5px;\n    cursor: pointer;\n  }\n\n  .bibbase_paper {\n    margin-bottom: 5px;\n  }\n\n  }\n  </style>\n\n  \n  <div style=\"float: right; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 10px; text-align: right; font-size: 12px\">\n    generated by\n    <a href=\"//bibbase.org\"\n       onclick=\"trackOutboundLink('bibbase', 'logo clicked', window.location.href, '//bibbase.org'); return false;\">\n      <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/logo.svg\"\n           style=\"vertical-align: middle; margin-left: 3px; height: 16px;\"/\n           alt=\"bibbase.org\"\n           title=\"BibBase – The easiest way to maintain your publications page.\"\n        ></a>\n    \n  </div>\n  \n\n  <div id=\"bibbase_header\" class=\"dontprint\" style=\"\">\n\n    <ul class=\"nav nav-pills\" style=\"margin: 0px;\">\n\n      <li class=\"dropdown\" id=\"groupby_dropdown\">\n      <a class=\"dropdown-toggle\"\n         data-toggle=\"dropdown\"\n         href=\"#\">\n          Group by\n          <b class=\"caret\"></b>\n      </a>\n      <ul class=\"dropdown-menu\">\n        <li class=\"groupby year\"><a onclick=\"groupby('year')\">\n            Year</a>\n        </li>\n        <li class=\"groupby author\"><a onclick=\"groupby('author_short')\">\n            Author</a>\n        </li>\n        <li class=\"groupby type\"><a onclick=\"groupby('type')\">\n            Type</a>\n        </li>\n        <li class=\"groupby keyword\"><a onclick=\"groupby('keyword')\">\n            Keyword</a>\n        </li>\n        <li class=\"groupby downloads\"><a onclick=\"groupby('downloads')\">\n            Downloads</a>\n        </li>\n      </ul>\n      </li>\n\n\n      <li class=\"dropdown\" id=\"menu_dropdown\">\n      <a class=\"dropdown-toggle\"\n         data-toggle=\"dropdown\"\n         href=\"#\" alt=\"controls\">\n          <i class=\"fa fa-reorder\" alt=\"controls\"></i>\n          <b class=\"caret\"></b>\n      </a>\n      <ul class=\"dropdown-menu\">\n        <li>\n          <a onclick=\"toggleAll()\">\n            <i class=\"fa fa-chevron-down fa-fw\"></i> Expand/Collapse All\n          </a>\n        </li>\n        <li>\n          <a download=\"gabriel-c-rau-published.bib\" href=\"data:text/bibtex;base64,@Article{Acworth-2015,
  author    = {Acworth, R. I. and Rau, Gabriel C. and McCallum, Andrew M. and Andersen, Martin S. and Cuthbert, Mark O.},
  title     = {{Understanding connected surface-water/groundwater systems using Fourier analysis of daily and sub-daily head fluctuations}},
  journal   = {Hydrogeology Journal},
  year      = {2015},
  date      = {2014-09-05},
  volume    = {23},
  number    = {1},
  pages     = {143-159},
  issn      = {1431-2174},
  if        = {2.028},
  snip      = {1.185},
  abstract  = {The long-term monitoring records of hydraulic heads frequently contain fluctuations originating from different cyclic drivers. Fourier analysis applied to these records can reveal connected surface-water/groundwater system characteristics. The various components of the atmospheric tides, the earth tides and the presence of diurnal responses to evapotranspiration are identified and isolated through band-pass filtering of data recorded from both vented and absolute gauge transducers. The signature of the different cyclic drivers is contained in amplitude and phase of the various signal components and can be used to determine the degree of system confinement. A methodology is described for the calculation of barometric efficiency in confined aquifers based upon the amplitude of the M 2 and S 2 components of the earth and atmospheric tides. It is demonstrated that Fourier analysis of water-level fluctuations is a simple but underused tool that can help to characterise shallow groundwater systems.},
  doi       = {10.1007/s10040-014-1182-5},
  isbn      = {1431-2174},
  keywords  = {analytical solutions,australia,confining units,groundwater hydraulics,groundwater/surface-water relations},
  language  = {English},
  publisher = {Springer Berlin Heidelberg},
  type      = {Journal article},
}



@Article{Acworth-2016,
  author   = {Acworth, R. Ian and Halloran, Landon J.S. and Rau, Gabriel C. and Cuthbert, Mark O. and Bernardi, Tony L.},
  title    = {{An objective frequency-domain method for quantifying confined aquifer compressible storage using Earth and atmospheric tides}},
  journal  = {Geophysical Research Letters},
  year     = {2016},
  date     = {2016-10-27},
  volume   = {43},
  number   = {22},
  pages    = {11,671-11,678},
  issn     = {00948276},
  doi      = {10.1002/2016GL071328},
  keywords = {10.1002/2016GL071328 and groundwater storage,Earth tides,atmospheric tides,barometric efficiency,formation compressibility,specific storage},
  type     = {Journal article},
}



@Article{Acworth-2016a,
  author   = {Acworth, R. Ian and Rau, Gabriel C. and Cuthbert, Mark O. and Jensen, Evan and Leggett, Keith},
  title    = {{Long-term spatio-temporal precipitation variability in arid-zone Australia and implications for groundwater recharge}},
  journal  = {Hydrogeology Journal},
  year     = {2016},
  date     = {2016-01-12},
  volume   = {24},
  number   = {4},
  pages    = {905-921},
  issn     = {1431-2174},
  if       = {2.028},
  snip     = {1.185},
  abstract = {Quantifying dryland groundwater recharge as a function of climate variability is becoming increasingly important in the face of a globally depleted resource, yet this remains a major challenge due to lack of adequate monitoring and the complexity of processes involved. A previously unpublished and unique dataset of high density and frequency rainfall measurements is presented, from the Fowlers Gap Arid Zone Research Station in western New South Wales (Australia). The dataset confirms extreme spatial and temporal variability in rainfall distribution which has been observed in other dryland areas and is generally explained by the dominance of individual storm cells. Contrary to previous observations, however, this dataset contains only a few localised storm cells despite the variability. The implications of spatiotemporal rainfall variability on the estimation of groundwater recharge is assessed and show that the most likely recharge mechanism is through indirect and localised, rather than direct, recharge. Examples of rainfall and stream gauge height illustrate runoff generation when a spatially averaged threshold of 15?25 mm (depending on the antecedent moisture conditions) is exceeded. Preliminary assessment of groundwater levels illustrates that the regional water table is much deeper than anticipated, especially considering the expected magnitude of indirect and localised recharge. A possible explanation is that pathways for indirect and localised recharge are inhibited by the large quantities of Aeolian dust observed at the site. Runoff readily occurs with water collecting in surface lakes which slowly dry and disappear. Assuming direct groundwater recharge under these conditions will significantly overestimate actual recharge.},
  doi      = {10.1007/s10040-015-1358-7},
  keywords = {arid regions,australia,groundwater,groundwater monitoring,groundwater recharge,relations,surface-water,water budget},
  language = {English},
  type     = {Journal article},
}



@Article{Coleborn-2016,
  author   = {Coleborn, Katie and Rau, Gabriel C. and Cuthbert, Mark O. and Baker, Andy and Navarre, Owen},
  title    = {{Solar-forced diurnal regulation of cave drip rates via phreatophyte evapotranspiration}},
  journal  = {Hydrology and Earth System Sciences},
  year     = {2016},
  date     = {2016-10-11},
  volume   = {20},
  number   = {11},
  pages    = {4439-4455},
  issn     = {1607-7938},
  if       = {3.990},
  snip     = {1.392},
  abstract = {We present results of a detailed study of drip rate variations at 12 drip discharge sites in Glory Hole Cave, New South Wales, Australia. Our novel time series analysis, using the wavelet synchrosqueezed transform, reveals pronounced oscillations at daily and sub-daily frequencies occurring in 8 out of the 12 monitored sites. These oscillations were not spatially or temporally homogenous, with different drip sites exhibiting such behaviour at different times of year in different parts of the cave. We test several hypotheses for the cause of the oscillations, including variations in pressure gradients between karst and cave due to cave breathing effects or atmospheric and earth tides, variations in hydraulic conductivity due to changes in viscosity of water with daily temperature oscillations, and solar-driven daily cycles of vegetative (phreatophytic) transpiration. We conclude that the only hypothesis consistent with the data and hydrologic theory is that daily oscillations are caused by solar-driven pumping by phreatophytic trees which are abundant at the site. The daily oscillations are not continuous and occur sporadically in short bursts (2{\&}ndash;14 days) throughout the year due to non-linear modification of the solar signal via complex karst architecture. This is the first indirect observation leading to the hypothesis of tree water use in cave drip water. It has important implications for karst hydrology in regards to developing a new protocol to determine the relative importance of trends in drip rate, such as diurnal oscillations, and how these trends change over timescales of weeks to years. This information can also be used to infer karst architecture. This study demonstrates the importance of vegetation on recharge dynamics, information that will inform both process-based karst models and empirical estimation approaches. Our findings support a growing body of research exploring the impact of trees on speleothem paleoclimate proxies.},
  doi      = {10.5194/hess-20-4439-2016},
  isbn     = {1027-5606},
  type     = {Journal article},
}



@Article{Cuthbert-2014,
  author   = {Cuthbert, M O and Rau, Gabriel C and Andersen, M S and Roshan, H and Rutlidge, H and Marjo, C E and Markowska, M and Jex, C N and Graham, P W and Mariethoz, G and Acworth, R I and Baker, A},
  title    = {{Evaporative cooling of speleothem drip water}},
  journal  = {Scientific Reports},
  year     = {2014},
  date     = {2014-05-07},
  volume   = {4},
  pages    = {5162},
  issn     = {2045-2322},
  era      = {A*},
  if       = {5.228},
  snip     = {1.589},
  abstract = {This study describes the first use of concurrent high-precision temperature and drip rate monitoring to explore what controls the temperature of speleothem forming drip water. Two contrasting sites, one with fast transient and one with slow constant dripping, in a temperate semi-arid location (Wellington, NSW, Australia), exhibit drip water temperatures which deviate significantly from the cave air temperature. We confirm the hypothesis that evaporative cooling is the dominant, but so far unattributed, control causing significant disequilibrium between drip water and host rock/air temperatures. The amount of cooling is dependent on the drip rate, relative humidity and ventilation. Our results have implications for the interpretation of temperature-sensitive, speleothem climate proxies such as $\delta$(18)O, cave microecology and the use of heat as a tracer in karst. Understanding the processes controlling the temperature of speleothem-forming cave drip waters is vital for assessing the reliability of such deposits as archives of climate change.},
  doi      = {10.1038/srep05162},
  isbn     = {2045-2322 (Electronic)$\backslash$r2045-2322 (Linking)},
  pmid     = {24895139},
  type     = {Journal article},
}



@Article{Cuthbert-2016,
  author   = {Cuthbert, M. O. and Acworth, R. I. and Andersen, M. S. and Larsen, J. R. and McCallum, A. M. and Rau, Gabriel C and Tellam, J. H.},
  title    = {{Understanding and quantifying focused, indirect groundwater recharge from ephemeral streams using water table fluctuations}},
  journal  = {Water Resources Research},
  year     = {2016},
  date     = {2016-02-02},
  volume   = {52},
  number   = {2},
  pages    = {827-840},
  issn     = {00431397},
  era      = {A*},
  if       = {3.792},
  snip     = {1.523},
  abstract = {Understanding and managing groundwater resources in drylands is a challenging task, but one that is globally important. The dominant process for dryland groundwater recharge is thought to be as focused, indirect recharge from ephemeral stream losses. However, there is a global paucity of data for understanding and quantifying this process and transferable techniques for quantifying groundwater recharge in such contexts are lacking. Here we develop a generalised conceptual model for understanding water table and groundwater head fluctuations due to recharge from episodic events within ephemeral streams. By accounting for the recession characteristics of a groundwater hydrograph, we present a simple but powerful new water table fluctuation approach to quantifying focused, indirect recharge over both long term and event timescales. The technique is demonstrated using a new, and globally unparalleled, set of groundwater observations from an ephemeral stream catchment located in NSW, Australia. We find that, following episodic streamflow events down a predominantly dry channel system, groundwater head fluctuations are controlled by pressure redistribution operating at three timescales from vertical flow (days to weeks), transverse flow perpendicular to the stream (weeks to months) and longitudinal flow parallel to the stream (years to decades). In relative terms, indirect recharge decreases almost linearly away from the mountain front, both in discrete monitored events as well as in the long term average. In absolute terms, the estimated indirect recharge varies from 80 to 30 mm/a with the main uncertainty in these values stemming from uncertainty in the catchment scale hydraulic properties.},
  doi      = {10.1002/2015WR017503},
  isbn     = {6176273099},
  keywords = {dryland hydrology,ephemeral stream,focused recharge,groundwater recharge,indirect recharge,mountain front,semiarid hydrology,water table fluctuation},
  pmid     = {1000287943},
  type     = {Journal article},
}



@Article{Halloran-2016,
  author   = {Halloran, Landon J S and Roshan, Hamid and Rau, Gabriel C. and Andersen, Martin S. and Acworth, R. Ian},
  title    = {{Improved spatial delineation of streambed properties and water fluxes using distributed temperature sensing}},
  journal  = {Hydrological Processes},
  year     = {2016},
  date     = {2016-01-30},
  volume   = {30},
  number   = {15},
  pages    = {2686-2702},
  issn     = {08856087},
  if       = {2.768},
  snip     = {1.154},
  abstract = {A new method was developed for analysing and delineating streambed water fluxes, flow conditions and hydraulic properties using coiled fibre-optic distributed temperature sensing or closely spaced discrete temperature sensors. This method allows for a thorough treatment of the spatial information embedded in temperature data by creating a matrix visualization of all possible sensor pairs. Application of the method to a 5-day field dataset reveals the complexity of shallow streambed thermal regimes. To understand how velocity estimates are affected by violations of assumptions of one-dimensional, saturated, homogeneous flow and to aid in the interpretation of field observations, the method was also applied to temperature data generated by numerical models of common field conditions: horizontal layering, presence of lateral flow and variable streambed saturation. The results show that each condition creates a distinct signature visible in the triangular matrices. The matrices are used to perform a comparison of the behaviour of one-dimensional analytical heat-tracing models. The results show that the amplitude ratio-based method of velocity calculation leads to the most reliable estimates. The minimum sensor spacing required to obtain reliable velocity estimates with discrete sensors is also investigated using field data. The developed method will aid future heat-tracing studies by providing a technique for visualizing and comparing results from fibre-optic distributed temperature sensing installations and testing the robustness of analytical heat-tracing models.},
  doi      = {10.1002/hyp.10806},
  keywords = {distributed temperature sensing,heat as a tracer,surface water�groundwater interaction,time-series analysis},
  type     = {Journal article},
}



@Article{Halloran-2016a,
  author    = {Halloran, Landon J.S. and Rau, Gabriel C. and Andersen, Martin S.},
  title     = {{Heat as a tracer to quantify processes and properties in the vadose zone: A review}},
  journal   = {Earth-Science Reviews},
  year      = {2016},
  date      = {2016-06-17},
  volume    = {159},
  number    = {June},
  pages     = {358-373},
  issn      = {00128252},
  era       = {A*},
  if        = {6.991},
  snip      = {3.034},
  abstract  = {Soil moisture and temperature are some of the most important controls for a wide variety of geochemical and ecological processes in the vadose zone (VZ). Soil moisture is highly variable both spatially and temporally. The development of methods to measure it on various scales has been the subject of much activity. Recently, geoscientists have been increasingly interested in measuring temperature as a proxy for hydrologic properties and parameters, including soil moisture. Here, we discuss the motivation, primary concepts, equipment, and fundamental thermal and hydraulic models related to heat and water transport in variably saturated porous media. A large variety of methods for heat tracing, including both passive and active-heating methodologies, are detailed. Heat tracing methods offer the capacity to measure soil moisture on a scale from {\~{}}??1??cm up to several km using temperature, a parameter whose measurement in VZ studies is often required anyway due to its effect on many subsurface processes. Furthermore, heat-tracing methods are not affected by high salinity pore water that can limit electromagnetic soil moisture methods. We also review coupled thermo-hydro VZ modelling software and VZ thermal regime studies and identify several knowledge gaps. With the intention to serve as an introduction to VZ heat-tracing, this review consolidates recent advances and outlines potential themes for future research.},
  doi       = {10.1016/j.earscirev.2016.06.009},
  keywords  = {Heat transport,Heat-as-a-tracer,Hydrogeology,Hydrogeophysics,Soil moisture,Thermal regime,Unsaturated subsurface,Vadose zone},
  publisher = {Elsevier B.V.},
  type      = {Journal article},
}



@Article{Kelly-2013,
  author   = {Kelly, B. F J and Timms, W. A. and Andersen, M. S. and McCallum, A. M. and Blakers, R. S. and Smith, R. and Rau, Gabriel C and Badenhop, A. and Ludowici, K. and Acworth, R. I.},
  title    = {{Aquifer heterogeneity and response time: the challenge for groundwater management}},
  journal  = {Crop and Pasture Science},
  year     = {2013},
  date     = {2013-11-06},
  volume   = {64},
  number   = {11-12},
  pages    = {1141-1154},
  issn     = {1836-0947},
  abstract = {Groundwater is an important contributor to irrigation water supplies. The time lag between withdrawal and the subsequent impacts on the river corridor presents a challenge for water management. We highlight aspects of this challenge by examining trends in the groundwater levels and changes in groundwater management goals for the Namoi Catchment, which is within the Murray-Darling Basin, Australia. The first high-volume irrigation bore was installed in the cotton-growing districts in the Namoi Catchment in 1966. The development of high-yielding bores made accessible a vast new water supply, enabling cotton growers to buffer the droughts. Prior to the development of a groundwater resource it is difficult to accurately predict how the water at the point of withdrawal is hydraulically connected to recharge zones and nearby surface-water features. This is due to the heterogeneity of the sediments from which the water is withdrawn. It can take years or decades for the impact of groundwater withdrawal to be transmitted kilometres through the aquifer system. We present the analysis of both historical and new groundwater level and streamflow data to quantify the impacts of extensive groundwater withdrawals on the watertable, hydraulic gradients within the semi-confined aquifers, and the movement of water between rivers and aquifers. The results highlight the need to monitor the impacts of irrigated agriculture at both the regional and local scales, and the need for additional research on how to optimise the conjunctive use of both surface-water and groundwater to sustain irrigated agriculture while minimising the impact on groundwater-dependent ecosystems.},
  doi      = {10.1071/CP13084},
  isbn     = {1836-0947},
  keywords = {cotton,ecohydrology,groundwater,hydrology,irrigation,surface-water},
  language = {English},
  type     = {Journal article},
}



@Article{McCallum-2012,
  author    = {McCallum, A. M. and Andersen, M. S. and Rau, Gabriel C and Acworth, R. I.},
  title     = {{A 1-D analytical method for estimating surface water-groundwater interactions and effective thermal diffusivity using temperature time series}},
  journal   = {Water Resources Research},
  year      = {2012},
  date      = {2012-11-30},
  volume    = {48},
  number    = {11},
  issn      = {00431397},
  era       = {A*},
  if        = {3.792},
  snip      = {1.523},
  abstract  = {In order to manage surface water (SW) and groundwater (GW) as a single resource, it is necessary that the interactions between them are understood and quantified. Heat, as a natural tracer of water movement, is increasingly being used for this purpose. However, analytical methods that are commonly used are limited by uncertainties in the effective thermal diffusivity of the sediments at the SW-GW interface. We present a novel 1-D analytical method. It utilizes both the amplitude ratio and phase shift of pairs of temperature time series at the SW-GW interface to estimate the Darcy velocity. This eliminates both the need to specify a value for effective thermal diffusivity and the need for iteration. The method also allows for an estimation of effective thermal diffusivity, which can indicate periods where assumptions to the analytical solution are violated. Riverbed temperature data from the Murray Darling Basin (Australia) are used to illustrate the method.},
  doi       = {10.1029/2012WR012007},
  isbn      = {0043-1397},
  publisher = {Wiley-Blackwell},
  type      = {Journal article},
}



@Article{McCallum-2014,
  author   = {McCallum, Andrew M. and Andersen, Martin S. and Rau, Gabriel C. and Larsen, Joshua R. and Acworth, R. Ian},
  title    = {{River-aquifer interactions in a semiarid environment investigated using point and reach measurements}},
  journal  = {Water Resources Research},
  year     = {2014},
  date     = {2014-03-02},
  volume   = {50},
  number   = {4},
  pages    = {2815-2829},
  issn     = {00431397},
  era      = {A*},
  if       = {3.792},
  snip     = {1.523},
  abstract = {A critical hydrological process is the interaction between rivers and aquifers. However, accurately determining this interaction from one method alone is difficult. At a point, the water exchange in the riverbed can be determined using temperature variations over depth. Over the river reach, differential gauging can be used to determine averaged losses or gains. This study combines these two methods and applies them to a 34 km reach of a semiarid river in eastern Australia under highly transient conditions. It is found that high and low river flows translate into high and low riverbed Darcy fluxes, and that these are strongly losing during high flows, and only slightly losing or gaining for low flows. The spatial variability in riverbed Darcy fluxes may be explained by riverbed heterogeneity, with higher variability at greater spatial scales. Although the river-aquifer gradient is the main driver of riverbed Darcy flux at high flows, considerable uncertainty in both the flux magnitude and direction estimates were found during low flows. The reach-scale results demonstrate that high-flow events account for 64{\%} of the reach loss (or 43{\%} if overbank events are excluded) despite occurring only 11{\%} of the time. By examining the relationship between total flow volume, river stage and duration for in-channel flows, we find the loss ratio (flow loss/total flow) can be greater for smaller flows than larger flows with similar duration. Implications of the study for the modeling and management of connected water resources are also discussed.},
  doi      = {10.1002/2012WR012922},
  isbn     = {1944-7973},
  keywords = {groundwater,river gauging,river-aquifer interactions,semiarid,surface water,temperature,water resource management,water resource modeling},
  language = {English},
  type     = {Journal article},
}



@Article{Rau-2012,
  author   = {Rau, Gabriel C. and Andersen, Martin S. and Acworth, R. Ian},
  title    = {{Experimental investigation of the thermal time-series method for surface water-groundwater interactions}},
  journal  = {Water Resources Research},
  year     = {2012},
  date     = {2012-03-30},
  volume   = {48},
  number   = {3},
  issn     = {00431397},
  era      = {A*},
  if       = {3.792},
  snip     = {1.523},
  abstract = {Diel temperature fluctuations have been used to quantify vertical water flow through saturated sediments with 1-D analytical heat models. The underlying transport equation relies on assumptions that could be violated using field temperature records. To test the capability of thismethod a hydraulic laboratory experiment was designed. A mass of fully water-saturated homogeneous sand was exposed to 19 different uniformpressure gradients inducing steady state Darcy velocities 0 {\textless} q {\textless} 25 m d?1. An areal heating grid generated steady sinusoidal thermal forcing.Multipoint sediment temperature responses demonstrated increasing spatial variability for increasing velocities. This introduced horizontal temperature gradients. Velocities calculated from heat tracing were compared to velocities independently obtained from solute slugs. Heat- and solute-derived velocities agreed for q {\textless} 3md?1, but heat- derived velocities were consistently larger at higher velocities. Temperature amplitude- and phase-derived velocities revealed significant scatter when compared to solute velocities. This scatter reduced when amplitude- and phase-derived velocities were compared for each sensor pair. The variability in heat-derived velocities therefore represents a spatially variable flow field in the sand. However, amplitude- and phase-derived velocities deviated from a 1:1 relationship at higher velocities. This can partly be explained by longitudinal thermal dispersivity, and partly by enhanced thermal spreading due to horizontal temperature gradients originating from nonuniform flow. This is surprising given the homogeneous sand and transition zone transport conditions (Pet {\textless} 0.7). These findings have implications for the quantification of velocities from field records because field conditions are likely more heterogeneous, which would exacerbate the effects found in this study.},
  doi      = {10.1029/2011WR011560},
  isbn     = {0043-1397},
  keywords = {groundwater heat tracer surface water 1828 Hydrolo},
  type     = {Journal article},
}



@Article{Rau-2012a,
  author   = {Rau, Gabriel C. and Andersen, Martin S. and Acworth, R. Ian},
  title    = {{Experimental investigation of the thermal dispersivity term and its significance in the heat transport equation for flow in sediments}},
  journal  = {Water Resources Research},
  year     = {2012},
  date     = {2012-03-10},
  volume   = {48},
  number   = {3},
  issn     = {00431397},
  era      = {A*},
  if       = {3.792},
  snip     = {1.523},
  abstract = {A review of heat and solute transport in sediments demonstrates that the use of heat as a tracer has not been experimentally evaluated under the same experimental conditions as those used for the evaluation of solute as a tracer. Furthermore, there appears to be disagreement in the earth science literature over the significance of the thermal dispersivity term. To help resolve this disagreement, detailed experimentation with typical groundwater flow velocities (Darcy range, Re {\textless} 2.5) was conducted in a specifically designed hydraulic tank containing well-sorted saturated sand. The experiment enabled, for the first time, the precise monitoring of heat and solute tracer movement from a point source in separate runs under identical solid matrix and steady state flow conditions. Experimental results demonstrate that heat transport with natural groundwater flow velocities can reach a transition zone between conduction and convection (0.5 {\textless} Pet {\textless} 2.5). The thermal dispersion behavior can be described by using a thermal dispersivity coefficient and the square of the thermal front velocity. We propose an empirical formulation for thermal dispersion with Darcy flow in natural porous media and clarify the disagreement regarding its significance. Finally, it was observed that Darcy velocities independently derived from heat and solute experimentation show a systematic discrepancy of up to 20{\%}, and that experimental thermal dispersion results contain significant scatter.},
  doi      = {10.1029/2011WR011038},
  isbn     = {0043-1397},
  language = {English},
  type     = {Journal article},
}



@Article{Rau-2010,
  author   = {Rau, Gabriel C. and Andersen, Martin S. and McCallum, Andrew M. and Acworth, Richard Ian},
  title    = {{Analytical methods that use natural heat as a tracer to quantify surface water-groundwater exchange, evaluated using field temperature records}},
  journal  = {Hydrogeology Journal},
  year     = {2010},
  date     = {2010-03-11},
  volume   = {18},
  number   = {5},
  pages    = {1093-1110},
  issn     = {1431-2174},
  if       = {2.028},
  snip     = {1.185},
  abstract = {Two methods applying natural heat as a tracer to quantify surface watergroundwater exchange were evaluated using field data. Arrays capable of monitoring and recording the streambed response to diurnal temper- ature variations in the surface water were deployed for a 2-month period in three locations in perennial pools at Maules Creek, New South Wales, Australia. Multi-level array design, field deployment and parameter estimation are discussed. The applicability of analytical solutions derived from the heat transport equation to the streambed environments was analysed using the recorded temperature time series. The stream was found to lose water to the aquifer, which was supported by simultaneously recorded hydraulic gradients. However, the one-dimensional (1D) analytical solutions did not adequately describe the observed streambed thermal response at two locations. The resulting artefacts in the estimated flow velocities are discussed. Itwas hypothesised that the artefacts originate from model limi- tation due to streambed heterogeneity and application of 1D solutions tomulti-dimensional and dynamic streambed flow. This consequently imposes limitations on the field applic- ability of the methods. Nevertheless, in combination with time series of surface water and streambed water levels, the use of heat as a tracer provided a powerful tool for better understanding the shallow hydrogeological system.},
  doi      = {10.1007/s10040-010-0586-0},
  isbn     = {6129949448},
  keywords = {Australia,Groundwater/surface-water relations,Heat modelling,Temperature,Thermal conditions},
  type     = {Journal article},
}



@Article{Rau-2014,
  author    = {Rau, Gabriel C. and Andersen, Martin S. and McCallum, Andrew M. and Roshan, Hamid and Acworth, R. Ian},
  title     = {{Heat as a tracer to quantify water flow in near-surface sediments}},
  journal   = {Earth-Science Reviews},
  year      = {2014},
  date      = {2013-10-28},
  volume    = {129},
  pages     = {40-58},
  issn      = {00128252},
  era       = {A*},
  if        = {6.991},
  snip      = {3.034},
  abstract  = {The dynamic distribution of thermal conditions present in saturated near-surface sediments have been widely utilised to quantify the flow of water. A rapidly increasing number of papers demonstrate that heat as a tracer is becoming an integral part of the toolbox used to investigate water flow in the environment. We summarise the existing body of research investigating natural and induced heat transport, and analyse the progression in fundamental and natural process understanding through the qualitative and quantitative use of heat as a tracer. Heat transport research in engineering applications partly overlaps with heat tracing research in the earth sciences but is more advanced in the fundamental understanding. Combining the findings from both areas can enhance our knowledge of the heat transport processes and highlight where research is needed. Heat tracing relies upon the mathematical heat transport equation which is subject to certain assumptions that are often neglected. This review reveals that, despite the research efforts to date, the capability of the Fourier-model applied to conductive-convective heat transport in water saturated natural materials has not yet been thoroughly tested. However, this is a prerequisite for accurate and meaningful heat transport modelling with the purpose of increasing our understanding of flow processes at different scales. This review reveals several knowledge gaps that impose significant limitations on practical applications of heat as a tracer of water flow. The review can be used as a guide for further research directions on the fundamental as well as the practical aspects of heat transport on various scales from the lab to the field. ?? 2013 Elsevier B.V.},
  doi       = {10.1016/j.earscirev.2013.10.015},
  isbn      = {0012-8252},
  keywords  = {Conduction heat transport,Convection heat transport,Groundwater hydrology,Heat as a tracer,Hydrogeology,Temperature data},
  publisher = {Elsevier B.V.},
  type      = {Journal article},
}



@Article{Rau-2015,
  author    = {Rau, Gabriel C. and Cuthbert, Mark O. and Andersen, Martin S. and Baker, Andy and Rutlidge, Helen and Markowska, Monika and Roshan, Hamid and Marjo, Christopher E. and Graham, Peter W. and Acworth, R. Ian},
  title     = {{Controls on cave drip water temperature and implications for speleothem-based paleoclimate reconstructions}},
  journal   = {Quaternary Science Reviews},
  year      = {2015},
  date      = {2015-03-28},
  volume    = {127},
  pages     = {19-36},
  issn      = {02773791},
  if        = {4.521},
  snip      = {1.462},
  abstract  = {While several studies explore cave climate and thermal regimes, little is known about the controls on cave drip water temperature. Yet water temperature significantly influences biogeochemical processes associated with cave drips. To identify the processes that control the cave drip water temperature, we measured the temperatures at multiple locations along a speleothem flow path and drip sources (stalactites) concurrently with the drip rates in Cathedral Cave, Wellington, Australia. We monitored long-term drip water temperature, drip rates, surface and cave climate and in-cave evaporation rates and conducted 3 infiltration experiments with different flow, temperature and isotopic conditions. Our results show that the drip water temperature is controlled by multiple superimposed heat transport mechanisms that act upon the infiltrating water in the epikarst, the water film after it enters the cave and before it becomes a drip. The two main heat sources/sinks for drip water are the cave air and the surrounding rock. The subsurface temperature is coupled to the surface temperature by conduction through the soil and rock mass, but the cave climate is also coupled to the surface climate by venting. On a regional scale, drip temperatures are mainly driven by the annual ground surface temperature signal but damped with depth and shifted in time compared to the surface. On a local scale, the drip water temperature can differ significantly from cave air and speleothem temperature due to the latent heat exchange of evaporation and localised water film convection. The main controls are ground surface temperature, subsurface depth, air density induced ventilation, distance from entry and drip rate. We present a conceptual model that explains drip water temperature signals and provide signal driven guidance on best type and location for speleothem sampling. We anticipate that our results will significantly improve the understanding of temperature-dependent paleoclimate signals from speleothem archives.},
  doi       = {10.1016/j.quascirev.2015.03.026},
  keywords  = {Drip water temperature,Paleoclimate archive,Speleology heat transport,Speleometeorology},
  language  = {English},
  publisher = {Elsevier {BV}},
  type      = {Journal article},
}



@Article{Rau-2015a,
  author   = {Rau, Gabriel C. and Cuthbert, Mark O. and McCallum, Andrew M. and Halloran, Landon J S and Andersen, Martin S.},
  title    = {{Assessing the accuracy of 1-D analytical heat tracing for estimating near-surface sediment thermal diffusivity and water flux under transient conditions}},
  journal  = {Journal of Geophysical Research F: Earth Surface},
  year     = {2015},
  date     = {2015-07-18},
  volume   = {120},
  number   = {8},
  pages    = {1551-1573},
  issn     = {21699011},
  if       = {3.318},
  snip     = {1.280},
  abstract = {?2015. American Geophysical Union. All Rights Reserved.Amplitude decay and phase delay of oscillating temperature records measured at two vertical locations in near-surface sediments can be used to infer water fluxes, thermal diffusivity, and sediment scour/deposition. While methods that rely on the harmonics-based analytical heat transport solution assume a steady state water flux, many applications have reported transient fluxes but ignored the possible violation of this assumption in the method. Here we use natural heat tracing as an example to investigate the extent to which changes in the water flux, and associated temperature signal nonstationarity, can be separated from other influences. We systematically scrutinize the assumption of steady state flow in analytical heat tracing and test the capabilities of the method to detect the timing and magnitude of flux transients. A numerical model was used to synthesize the temperature response to different step and ramp changes in advective thermal velocity magnitude and direction for both a single-frequency and multifrequency temperature boundary. Time-variable temperature amplitude and phase information were extracted from the model output with different signal-processing methods. We show that a worst-case transient flux induces a temperature nonstationarity, the duration of which is less than 1 cycle for realistic sediment thermal diffusivities between 0.02 and 0.13 m{\textless}sup{\textgreater}2{\textless}/sup{\textgreater}/d. However, common signal-processing methods introduce erroneous temporal spreading of advective thermal velocities and significant anomalies in thermal diffusivities or sensor spacing, which is used as an analogue for streambed scour/deposition. The most time-variant spectral filter can introduce errors of up to 57{\%} in velocity and 33{\%} in thermal diffusivity values with artifacts spanning ?2 days around the occurrence of rapid changes in flux. Further, our results show that analytical heat tracing is unable to accurately resolve highly time-variant fluxes and thermal diffusivities and does not allow for the inference of scour/depositional processes due to the limitations of signal processing in disentangling flux-related signal nonstationarities from those stemming from other sources. To prevent erroneous interpretations, hydrometric data should always be acquired in combination with temperature records.},
  doi      = {10.1002/2015JF003466},
  isbn     = {6001861827366},
  keywords = {harmonic signal extraction,heat as a tracer,sediment scour/deposition,signal nonstationarity,temperature records,transient water fluxes},
  type     = {Journal article},
}



@Article{Roshan-2012,
  author   = {Roshan, Hamid and Rau, Gabriel C. and Andersen, Martin S. and Acworth, Ian R.},
  title    = {{Use of heat as tracer to quantify vertical streambed flow in a two-dimensional flow field}},
  journal  = {Water Resources Research},
  year     = {2012},
  date     = {2012-10-05},
  volume   = {48},
  number   = {10},
  issn     = {00431397},
  era      = {A*},
  if       = {3.792},
  snip     = {1.523},
  abstract = {Analytical solutions to the heat transport equation in porous media have been developed in the past to estimate surface water-groundwater interactions. These solutions, however, are based upon simplifying assumptions that are frequently violated in natural systems. A nonvertical flow field, inherent to most field settings, can violate the one-dimensional (1-D) flow assumption and lead to erroneous velocity estimates. In this study, we have developed a 2-D heat and mass transport finite element-based numerical model for a stream aquifer cross section experiencing flow-through. Synthetic multilevel streambed temperature time series were generated with the model using a sinusoidal temperature boundary. The temperature data was used to quantify the vertical flow velocity with a 1-D analytical solution based on the amplitude decay and phase shift of temperature with depth. Results demonstrate that erroneous vertical components of fluid velocity can be obtained by the 1-D analytical solution when the true vertical velocity approaches zero and the flow regime becomes almost horizontal. The results also illustrate that the amplitude ratio method performs quite poorly on the gaining side of the stream where the only reliable method is phase shift. On the losing side of the stream, both methods can be employed but a better estimation is obtained from the amplitude ratio method. In general, amplitude ratio and phase shift data should be used in conjunction to maximize the information of the system.},
  doi      = {10.1029/2012WR011918},
  isbn     = {0043-1397},
  type     = {Journal article},
}



@Article{Rutlidge-2014,
  author   = {Rutlidge, Helen and Baker, Andy and Marjo, Christopher E. and Andersen, Martin S. and Graham, Peter W. and Cuthbert, Mark O. and Rau, Gabriel C. and Roshan, Hamid and Markowska, Monika and Mariethoz, Gregoire and Jex, Catherine N.},
  title    = {{Dripwater organic matter and trace element geochemistry in a semi-arid karst environment: Implications for speleothem paleoclimatology}},
  journal  = {Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta},
  year     = {2014},
  date     = {2014-03-25},
  volume   = {135},
  pages    = {217-230},
  issn     = {00167037},
  if       = {4.315},
  snip     = {1.583},
  abstract = {A series of four short-term infiltration experiments which revealed hydrochemical responses relevant to semi-arid karst environments were carried out above Cathedral Cave, Wellington, New South Wales (NSW), Australia. Dripwater samples were collected at two sites for trace element and organic matter analysis. Organic matter was characterised using fluorescence and interpreted using a PARAFAC model. Three components were isolated that represented unprocessed, soil-derived humic-like and fulvic-like material, processed humic/fulvic-like material and tryptophan-like fluorescence. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) performed on the entire dataset comprising trace element concentrations and PARAFAC scores revealed two dominant components that were identified as soil and limestone bedrock. The soil component was assigned based on significant contributions from the PARAFAC scores and additionally included Ba, Cu, Ni and Mg. The bedrock component included the expected elements of Ca, Mg and Sr as well as Si. The same elemental behaviour was observed in recent stalagmite growth collected from the site. Our experiments demonstrate that existing paleoclimate interpretations of speleothem Mg and Sr, developed in regions of positive water balance, are not readily applicable to water limited environments. We provide a new interpretation of trace element signatures unique to speleothems from water limited karst environments. {\textcopyright} 2014 Elsevier Ltd.},
  doi      = {10.1016/j.gca.2014.03.036},
  isbn     = {0016-7037},
  type     = {Journal article},
}



@Article{Turner-2013,
  author   = {Turner, I.L. and Rau, Gabriel CC. and Andersen, M.S. and Austin, M.J. and Puleo, J.A. and Masselink, G.},
  title    = {{Coastal sand barrier hydrology - Observations from the BARDEX II prototype-scale laboratory experiment}},
  journal  = {Journal of Coastal Research},
  year     = {2013},
  date     = {2013-03-06},
  volume   = {165},
  number   = {SI 65},
  pages    = {1886-1891},
  issn     = {07490208 15515036},
  if       = {0.852},
  snip     = {0.732},
  abstract = {The dynamics of groundwater at the land-ocean boundary has important implications to the exchange of water, nutrients and pollutants between the ocean and coastal aquifers, and varying groundwater levels may induce differing morphological response (erosion versus accretion) at the beachface. As a component of the Barrier Dynamics Experiment BARDEX II (Hydrolab IV) completed during June-July 2012 in the Delta Flume (The Netherlands), an extensive test program was undertaken to acquire a comprehensive data set of groundwater levels, pressure fluctuations, flow paths and tracer dispersion beneath the beachface and across the width of a prototype-scale sand barrier (D50 = 0.42mm). A particular feature of the experiment was the inclusion of a landward 'lagoon' and pump system that enabled the water levels on both the seaward and landward side of the barrier to be independently varied. The completion of these experiments complimented the previous BARDEX test program undertaken in the same test facility in 2008, where a gravel barrier (D 50 = 10mm) was subjected to similar wave and lagoon-sea water-level conditions. An overview of the barrier hydrology instrumentation deployed and data obtained is provided here. {\textcopyright} Coastal Education {\&} Research Foundation 2013.},
  doi      = {10.2112/SI65-319},
  isbn     = {0749-0208},
  keywords = {Coastal aquifer,Groundwater,Hydrology,Swash infiltration-exfiltration,Water table},
  language = {English},
  type     = {Journal article},
  url      = {http://www.jcronline.org/doi/abs/10.2112/SI65-319.1?code=cerf-site},
}



@Article{Unland-2013,
  author   = {Unland, N. P. and Cartwright, I. and Andersen, M. S. and Rau, Gabriel C and Reed, J. and Gilfedder, B. S. and Atkinson, A. P. and Hofmann, H.},
  title    = {{Investigating the spatio-temporal variability in groundwater and surface water interactions: A multi-technique approach}},
  journal  = {Hydrology and Earth System Sciences},
  year     = {2013},
  date     = {2013-07-29},
  volume   = {17},
  number   = {9},
  pages    = {3437-3453},
  issn     = {10275606},
  if       = {3.990},
  snip     = {1.392},
  abstract = {The interaction between groundwater and surface water along the Tambo and Nichol-son Rivers, southeast Australia, was investigated using 222 Rn, Cl, differential flow gauging, head gradients, electrical conductivity (EC) and temperature profiling. Head gradients, temperature profiles, Cl concentrations and 222 Rn activities all indicate 5 higher groundwater fluxes to the Tambo River in areas of increased topographic variation where the potential to form large groundwater�surface water gradients is greater. Groundwater discharge to the Tambo River calculated by Cl mass balance was significantly lower (1.48 � 10 4 to 1.41 � 10 3 m 3 day -1) than discharge estimated by 222 Rn mass balance (5.35 � 10 5 to 9.56 � 10 3 m 3 day -1) and differential flow gaug-10 ing (5.41 � 10 5 to 6.30 � 10 3 m 3 day -1). While groundwater sampling from the bank of the Tambo River was intended to account for the variability in groundwater chemistry associated with river-bank interaction, the spatial variability under which these inter-actions occurs remained unaccounted for, limiting the use of Cl as an effective tracer. Groundwater discharge to both the Tambo and Nicholson Rivers was the highest un-15 der high flow conditions in the days to weeks following significant rainfall, indicating that the rivers are well connected to a groundwater system that is responsive to rain-fall. Groundwater constituted the lowest proportion of river discharge during times of increased rainfall that followed dry periods, while groundwater constituted the highest proportion of river discharge under baseflow conditions (21.4 {\%} of the Tambo in April 20 2010 and 18.9 {\%} of the Nicholson in September 2010).},
  doi      = {10.5194/hess-17-3437-2013},
  language = {English},
  type     = {Journal article},
}



@Article{Acworth-2015a,
  author   = {Acworth, R I and Timms, WA and Kelly, BFJ and McGeeney, DE and Ralph, TJ and Larkin, ZT and GC, Rau.},
  title    = {{Late Cenozoic paleovalley fill sequence from the Southern Liverpool Plains, New South Wales - implications for groundwater resource evaluation}},
  journal  = {Australian Journal of Earth Sciences},
  year     = {2015},
  date     = {2015-08-10},
  volume   = {62},
  number   = {6},
  pages    = {657-680},
  issn     = {0812-0099},
  if       = {1.75},
  snip     = {0.893},
  abstract = {The Liverpool Plains in northern New South Wales contain some of the best agricultural land in Australia and are underlain by extensive smectite clay-dominated soils sourced from weathering the alkali basalts of the Liverpool Ranges. It had been thought that a relatively simple geological model explained the underlying Cenozoic sequence with salt-rich clays of the Narrabri Formation overlying sands and gravel aquifers comprising the Gunnedah Formation. Extensive groundwater modelling based upon this simple conceptualisation has been used in management plans proposed by the mining and agricultural industries. A 31.5 m core has been recovered using minimally disturbed triple- tube coring methods at Cattle Lane (Latitude -31.52 S, Longitude 150.47 E) to resolve uncertainty concerning the aquitard status of the upper layer. Recovered core has been examined and tested to determine grainsize, cation-exchange capacity, X-ray diffraction, X-ray fluorescence and microscopic examination of granular components. These measurements complement surface and borehole geophysical techniques, hydrogeological data and hydrochemical analysis of water samples recovered from a series of specially constructed piezometers adjacent to the cored hole. The sequence overlies a Late Cretaceous channel cut into Permian bedrock at 91mdepth with sands and clays below 31.5 m considered to represent various alluvial fill events mostly occurring since the Early Pliocene. Erosion of Late Eocene alkali basalts on the Liverpool Ranges, with the formation of smectite clays, pedogenic carbonates and with the addition of quartz from both eolian sources and locally derived from adjacent Triassic sandstone hills, provides the great majority of the sediment recovered from the cores. Late Pleistocene (114 ka) to Holocene ages were determined for the core from three optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) measurements on fine sands (13, 23 and 29 m BG). Detailed examination has failed to detect any evidence of a boundary between Narrabri and Gunnedah formations revealing rather a gradual change in dominance of clays and silts over sands and gravels embedded in a clay-rich matrix. This result challenges the conceptualisation used to conduct groundwater modelling on the Liverpool Plains.},
  doi      = {10.1080/08120099.2015.1086815},
  keywords = {Liverpool Plains,OSL,Paleovalley,aquitard,groundwater,liverpool plains,osl,paleoenvironment,paleovalley},
  type     = {Journal article},
  url      = {http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/08120099.2015.1086815},
}



@Article{Baker-2016,
  author    = {Baker, Andy and Jex, Catherine N. and Rutlidge, Helen and Woltering, Martijn and Blyth, Alison J. and Andersen, Martin S. and Cuthbert, Mark O. and Marjo, Christopher E. and Markowska, Monika and Rau, Gabriel C. and Khan, Stuart J.},
  title     = {{An irrigation experiment to compare soil, water and speleothem tetraether membrane lipid distributions}},
  journal   = {Organic Geochemistry},
  year      = {2016},
  date      = {2016-01-07},
  volume    = {94},
  pages     = {12-20},
  issn      = {01466380},
  if        = {2.990},
  snip      = {1.249},
  abstract  = {Measurement of glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers (GDGTs) preserved in speleothems offers a potential proxy for past temperature but, in general, their origin is unknown. To understand the source of speleothem GDGTs, we undertook an irrigation experiment to activate drip sites within a hydrogeochemically well characterised cave. The cave drip water was analysed for GDGTs, inorganic elements (major ions and trace elements), stable isotopes and dissolved organic matter concentration and character. Published speleothem GDGT records from the site have been observed to be dominated by isoprenoid GDGTs and interpreted as deriving from in situ microbial communities within the cave or vadose zone. The drip water in our irrigation experiment had a GDGT distribution distinct from that of soil and speleothem samples, providing direct evidence that the distinctive GDGT signature in speleothems is derived from a subsurface source. Analysis of GDGTs in this context allowed further elucidation of their source and transport in cave systems, enhancing our understanding of how they might be used as a temperature proxy.},
  doi       = {10.1016/j.orggeochem.2016.01.005},
  keywords  = {Drip water,GDGT,Paleoclimate,Speleothem,Temperature},
  publisher = {Elsevier Ltd},
  type      = {Journal article},
}



@Article{Halloran-2016b,
  author    = {Halloran, Landon J.S. S and Roshan, Hamid and Rau, Gabriel C. and Andersen, Martin S.},
  title     = {{Calculating water saturation from passive temperature measurements in near-surface sediments: Development of a semi-analytical model}},
  journal   = {Advances in Water Resources},
  year      = {2016},
  date      = {2016-01-20},
  volume    = {89},
  pages     = {67-79},
  issn      = {03091708},
  if        = {4.349},
  snip      = {2.020},
  abstract  = {A novel semi-analytical model for the calculation of water saturation levels in the near subsurface using passive temperature measurements is derived. The amplitude and phase of dominant natural diel temperature variations are exploited, although the solution is general so that a cyclical temperature signal of any period could be used. The model is based on the first-principles advection-conduction-dispersion equation, which is fully general for porous media. It requires a single independent soil moisture estimate, but directly considers the spatially variable saturation dependency of thermal conductivity which has been avoided in previous studies. An established empirical model for the thermal conductivity of variably saturated porous media is incorporated and two solutions for saturation are derived. Using data from numerical models, a spatially sequential implementation of one of these solutions is shown to predict the vertical saturation profile to within 2{\%} for a hydraulically stable case and to within the saturation range observed over a single day for percolation rates up to 10 cm/day. The developed model and methodology can aid in the analysis of archived temperature data from the vadose zone and will serve as a powerful tool in future heat-tracing experiments in variably saturated conditions.},
  doi       = {10.1016/j.advwatres.2016.01.007},
  keywords  = {Applied thermodynamics,Heat-as-a-tracer,Hydrogeophysics,Porous media,Soil moisture,Vadose zone},
  publisher = {Elsevier Ltd},
  type      = {Journal article},
}



@Article{Markowska-2016,
  author    = {Markowska, Monika and Baker, Andy and Andersen, Martin S. and Jex, Catherine N. and Cuthbert, Mark O. and Rau, Gabriel C. and Graham, Peter W. and Rutlidge, Helen and Mariethoz, Gregoire and Marjo, Christopher E. and Treble, Pauline C. and Edwards, Nerilee},
  title     = {{Semi-arid zone caves: Evaporation and hydrological controls on δ18O drip water composition and implications for speleothem paleoclimate reconstructions}},
  journal   = {Quaternary Science Reviews},
  year      = {2016},
  date      = {2015-10-09},
  volume    = {131},
  number    = {Part B},
  pages     = {285-301},
  issn      = {02773791},
  if        = {4.521},
  snip      = {1.462},
  abstract  = {Oxygen isotope ratios in speleothems may be affected by external processes that are independent of climate, such as karst hydrology and kinetic fractionation. Consequently, there has been a shift towards characterising and understanding these processes through cave monitoring studies, particularly focussing on temperate zones where precipitation exceeds evapotranspiration. Here, we investigate oxygen isotope systematics at Wellington Caves in semi-arid, SE Australia, where evapotranspiration exceeds precipitation. We use a novel D2O isotopic tracer in a series of artificial irrigations, supplemented by pre-irrigation data comprised four years of drip monitoring and three years of stable isotope analysis of both drip waters and rainfall. This study reveals that: (1) evaporative processes in the unsaturated zone dominate the isotopic composition of drip waters; (2) significant soil zone 'wetting up' is required to overcome soil moisture deficits in order to achieve infiltration, which is highly dependent on antecedent hydro-climatic conditions; (3) lateral flow, preferential flow and sorption in the soil zone are important in redistributing subsurface zone water; (4) isotopic breakthrough curves suggest clear evidence of piston-flow at some drip sites where an older front of water discharged prior to artificial irrigation water; and (5) water residence times in a shallow vadose zone ({\textless}2 m) are highly variable and can exceed six months. Oxygen isotope speleothem records from semi-arid regions are therefore more likely to contain archives of alternating paleo-aridity and paleo-recharge, rather than paleo-rainfall e.g. the amount effect or mean annual. Speleothem-forming drip waters will be dominated by evaporative enrichment, up to {\~{}}3??? in the context of this study, relative to precipitation-weighted mean annual rainfall. The oxygen isotope variability of such coeval records may further be influenced by flow path and storage in the unsaturated zone that is not only drip specific but also influenced by internal cave climatic conditions, which may vary spatially in the cave.},
  doi       = {10.1016/j.quascirev.2015.10.024},
  keywords  = {Drip water,Evaporation,Paleoclimate,Semi-arid,Speleothem,Stable isotopes,Tracing},
  publisher = {Elsevier},
  type      = {Journal article},
}



@Article{McDonough-2016,
  author    = {McDonough, L. K. and Iverach, C. P. and Beckmann, S. and Manefield, M. and Rau, Gabriel C and Baker, A. and Kelly, B. F J},
  title     = {{Spatial variability of cave-air carbon dioxide and methane concentrations and isotopic compositions in a semi-arid karst environment}},
  journal   = {Environmental Earth Sciences},
  year      = {2016},
  date      = {2016-04-12},
  volume    = {75},
  number    = {8},
  pages     = {700},
  issn      = {1866-6280},
  if        = {1.765},
  snip      = {1.001},
  abstract  = {There is insufficient information on the movement of air in karst environments to constrain the uncertainty associated with quantifying sources and sinks of methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2) within caves for global carbon accounting. We analysed cave-air samples for their CO2 and CH4 concentrations ([CO2] and [CH4]) and carbon isotopic compositions from sampling campaigns in winter (August 2014) and summer (February 2015) at numerous heights and locations throughout Gaden and Cathedral caves, in a semi-arid environment, Wellington Caves, NSW, Australia. Ventilation is the dominant control on cave-air CO2 and CH4, with the highest cave-air CO2 concentrations ([CO2]cave) occurring in summer, in association with the lowest cave-air CH4 concentrations ([CH4]cave). Analyses show that the cave-air CO2 has both atmospheric and soil sources. Soil air and cave air in both caves undergo methanogenesis and methanotrophy, but we identify cave-specific differences in cave-air CH4 and CO2. [CH4]cave in Cathedral Cave shows an inverse relationship to [CO2]cave, particularly in areas separated from the main cave passage. In contrast, Gaden Cave has near-atmospheric [CH4]cave and isotopic ratios present at all locations sampled in winter. Where no ventilation is occurring in summer, [CH4]cave in Gaden Cave decreases, but remains reasonably high compared to Cathedral Cave. Our research shows adjacent caves vary in their ability to act as a net sink for CH4, and highlights the need for further studies before global generalisations can be made about the carbon budget of karst environments.},
  doi       = {10.1007/s12665-016-5497-5},
  keywords  = {Carbon dioxide,Caves,Isotopic ratio,Karst,Methane sink,Semi-arid},
  publisher = {Springer Berlin Heidelberg},
  type      = {Journal article},
}



@Article{Turner-2016,
  author    = {Turner, Ian L. and Rau, Gabriel C. and Austin, Martin J. and Andersen, Martin S.},
  title     = {{Groundwater fluxes and flow paths within coastal barriers: Observations from a large-scale laboratory experiment (BARDEX II)}},
  journal   = {Coastal Engineering},
  year      = {2016},
  date      = {2015-08-04},
  volume    = {113},
  number    = {BARDEX II Special Issue},
  pages     = {104-116},
  issn      = {03783839},
  if        = {2.841},
  snip      = {2.156},
  abstract  = {The dynamics of groundwater at the beach face land???ocean boundary have important implications to the exchange of water, nutrients, and pollutants between the ocean and coastal aquifers, and more subtly, varying groundwater levels may induce differing morphological response at the beach face. As a component of the multi-institution Barrier Dynamics Experiment (BARDEX II), groundwater fluxes and flow paths within a prototype-scale sandy barrier are quantified and reported at the three fundamental spatio-temporal scales (individual waves, the beach face, and total barrier), under controlled wave and water level conditions. A particular feature of the experimental programme was the inclusion of a back-barrier ???lagoon???, that via a pump system and an intermediate water reservoir enabled the forcing of contrasting hydraulic gradients across the barrier. It was observed that the groundwater level, flow paths, and fluxes within the beach face region of the sand barrier were predominantly controlled by the action of waves at the beach face, regardless of the overall seaward- or landward-directed barrier-scale hydraulic gradients. In the presence of waves, all tests undertaken to complete this study developed a seaward gradient in this zone under the influence of waves. As a further result of wave forcing at the beach face boundary, localised groundwater flow divides were observed to develop, further partitioning the circulation and flow paths of groundwater within the prototype-scale sand barrier.},
  doi       = {10.1016/j.coastaleng.2015.08.004},
  keywords  = {Beach groundwater,Coastal aquifer,Coastal hydrogeology,Physical modelling,Swash in/exfiltration},
  language  = {English},
  publisher = {Elsevier B.V.},
  type      = {Journal article},
}



@Article{Rutlidge-2015,
  author    = {Rutlidge, Helen and Andersen, Martin S. and Baker, Andy and Chinu, Khorshed J. and Cuthbert, Mark O. and Jex, Catherine N. and Marjo, Christopher E. and Markowska, Monika and Rau, Gabriel C.},
  title     = {{Organic characterisation of cave drip water by LC-OCD and fluorescence analysis}},
  journal   = {Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta},
  year      = {2015},
  date      = {2015-05-26},
  volume    = {166},
  pages     = {15-28},
  issn      = {00167037},
  if        = {4.315},
  snip      = {1.583},
  abstract  = {Cathedral Cave, Wellington, Australia, is a natural laboratory for studying water movement and geochemical processes in the unsaturated zone by using artificial irrigation to activate drip sites within the cave. Water sampled from two drip sites activated by irrigations carried out in summer 2014 was analysed for dissolved inorganic ions and fluorescent organic matter. The analysis allowed the development of a conceptual flow path model for each drip site. DOM analysis was further complemented by liquid chromatography with organic carbon detection (LC-OCD), applied for the first time to karst drip waters, allowing the characterisation of six organic matter fractions. The differences in organic matter fractions at each drip site are interpreted as a signature of the proposed flow paths. LC-OCD was also compared with parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC) of the fluorescence and good correlations were observed for high molecular weight organic matter. Strong positive correlations were also observed for high molecular weight matter and Cu and Ni. This is suggestive of colloidal transport of Cu and Ni by organic matter with high molecular weight, while small molecular weight colloids were not efficient transporters. LC-OCD uniquely provides information on non-fluorescent organic matter and can be used to further quantify drip water organic matter composition.},
  doi       = {10.1016/j.gca.2015.05.042},
  isbn      = {0016-7037},
  publisher = {Elsevier Ltd},
  type      = {Journal article},
}


@Conference{Acworth-2012-conf,
  author    = {Acworth, R.I. and McCallum, A.M. and Rau, Gabriel CC. and Andersen, M.S.},
  title     = {Tree-water use and groundwater level changes in an unconfined alluvial aquifer at Maules Creek, Narrabri, NSW, Australia},
  year      = {2012},
  note      = {Conference presentation},
  booktitle = {39th IAH Congress},
  datespan  = {16-21 Sept 2012},
  location  = {Niagara Falls, Canada},
  name      = {39th IAH Congress},
  type      = {Conference presentation},
}



@Conference{Andersen-2013-conf,
  author    = {Andersen, M S and Cuthbert, M O and Rau, Gabriel C and Baker, A and Roshan, H and Rutlidge, H and Marjo, C and Markowska, M and Graham, P W},
  title     = {Drip-water temperatures in caves: Surface signals or cave processes? Implications for speleothem deposits and paleoclimate archives},
  year      = {2013},
  note      = {Conference presentation},
  booktitle = {AGU Fall Meeting},
  datespan  = {9-13 Dec 2013},
  location  = {San Francisco, CA, USA},
  name      = {AGU Fall Meeting},
  type      = {Conference presentation},
}



@Conference{Andersen-2013-confa,
  author    = {Andersen, Martin S. and Cuthbert, Mark O. and Rau, Gabriel C. and Baker, Andy and Roshan, Hamid and Rutlidge, Helen and Marjo, Chris and Markowska, Monika and Graham, Peter W. and Mariethoz, Gregoire},
  title     = {Drip-Water Temperatures in Caves: Surface Signals or Cave Processes? – Implications for Speleothem Deposits and Paleoclimate Archives},
  year      = {2013},
  note      = {Conference presentation},
  booktitle = {AGU Fall Meeting},
  datespan  = {9-13 Dec 2013},
  location  = {San Francisco, USA},
  name      = {AGU Fall Meeting},
  type      = {Conference presentation},
}



@Conference{Andersen-2013-confb,
  author    = {Andersen, Martin. S. and Cuthbert, Mark O. and Rau, Gabriel C. and Roshan, Hamid and Rutlidge, Helen and Marjo, Chris and Markowska, Monika and Graham, Peter and Mariethoz, Gregoire and Baker, Andy},
  title     = {A groundwater recharge experiment in karst: Wellington Caves, NSW},
  year      = {2013},
  note      = {Conference presentation},
  booktitle = {40th IAH International Convention},
  datespan  = {15-20 Sept 2013},
  location  = {Perth, Australia},
  name      = {40th IAH International Convention},
  type      = {Conference presentation},
}



@Conference{Andersen-2015-conf,
  author    = {Andersen, Martin S and Eberhard, Stefan and Rutlidge, Helen and Rau, Gabriel C and Chen, Junsong and Salma, Afrida and Moll, Cecil and Halloran, Landon and Li, Calvin and Neilson, Beth and Neilson, Drew and Boulton, Andrew and Cuthbert, Mark and Murphy, Cassandra},
  title     = {Mapping groundwater discharge and water chemistry in streams - Towards understanding the ecological impacts of groundwater drawdown},
  year      = {2015},
  note      = {Conference presentation},
  booktitle = {Australian Groundwater Conference},
  datespan  = {3 - 5 Nov 2015},
  location  = {Canberra, Australia},
  name      = {Australian Groundwater Conference},
  type      = {Conference presentation},
}



@Conference{Andersen-2012-conf,
  author    = {Andersen, M. S. and McCallum, A. M. and Giambastiani, B. and Rau, Gabriel C and Kelly, B. F. J. and Acworth, R.I. and Meredith, K. T.},
  title     = {Investigations of surface water groundwater interactions in a water stressed semi-arid catchment},
  year      = {2012},
  note      = {Conference presentation},
  booktitle = {CSIRO/NWC/NCGRT Groundwater – Surface Water Interactions Workshop},
  datespan  = {27-28 March 2012},
  location  = {Canberra, Australia},
  name      = {CSIRO/NWC/NCGRT Groundwater – Surface Water Interactions Workshop},
  type      = {Conference presentation},
}



@Conference{Andersen-2010-conf,
  author    = {Andersen, M.S. and Rau, Gabriel CC. and McCallum, A.M. and Acworth, R.I.},
  title     = {On the Temporal Variability of Streambed Hydraulic Conductivity},
  year      = {2010},
  note      = {Conference presentation},
  booktitle = {Groundwater 2010},
  datespan  = { 31 Oct - 4 Nov 2010},
  location  = {Canberra, Australia},
  name      = {Groundwater 2010},
  type      = {Conference presentation},
}



@Conference{Andersen-2011-conf,
  author    = {Andersen, M. S. and Rau, Gabriel CC. and McCallum, A. M. and Acworth, R. I.},
  title     = {Redox processes and arsenic release in the streambed of a semi-arid losing stream},
  year      = {2011},
  note      = {Conference presentation},
  booktitle = {AGU Fall Meeting 2011},
  datespan  = {5-9th Dec 2011},
  location  = {San Francisco, USA},
  name      = {AGU Fall Meeting 2011},
  type      = {Conference presentation},
}



@Conference{Andersen-2011-confa,
  author    = {Andersen, M. S. and Rau, Gabriel CC. and McCallum, A. M. and Meredith, K. and Acworth, R. I.},
  title     = {Constraining water fluxes through the streambed of a semi-arid losing stream using natural tracers: heat and radioisotopes},
  year      = {2011},
  note      = {Conference presentation},
  booktitle = {AGU Fall Meeting 2011},
  datespan  = {5-9th Dec 2011},
  location  = {San Francisco, USA},
  name      = {AGU Fall Meeting 2011},
  special   = {Invited Talk},
  type      = {Conference presentation},
}



@Conference{Andersen-2011-confb,
  author    = {Andersen, M.S. and Rau, Gabriel CC. and McCallum, A.M. and Meredith, K. and Acworth, R.I.},
  title     = {Groundwater recharge and geochemical processes in a semi-arid losing stream using temperature, isotopes and geochemistry},
  year      = {2011},
  note      = {Conference presentation},
  booktitle = {11th Australasian Environmental Isotope Conference \& 4th Australasian Hydrogeology Research Conference},
  datespan  = {12-14 Jul 2011},
  location  = {Cairns, Australia},
  name      = {11th Australasian Environmental Isotope Conference & 4th Australasian Hydrogeology Research Conference},
  type      = {Conference presentation},
}



@Conference{Baker-2014-conf,
  author    = {Baker, A. and Acworth, R. I. and Andersen, M. and Cuthbert, M. and Graham, P. and Jex, C. and Mariethoz, G. and Marjo, C. and Markowska, M. and Rau, Gabriel C and Roshan, H. and Rutlidge, H. and Treble, P.},
  title     = {Water Oxygen Isotope Systematics from Source to Stalagmites},
  year      = {2014},
  note      = {Conference presentation},
  booktitle = {Goldschmidt 2014},
  datespan  = {8-13 June 2014},
  location  = {Sacramento, California, USA},
  name      = {Goldschmidt 2014},
  type      = {Conference presentation},
  url       = {http://goldschmidt.info/2014/abstracts/abstractView?abstractId=3371},
}



@Conference{Cuthbert-2014-conf,
  author    = {Cuthbert, M O and I, Acworth. R and Andersen, M S and Larsen, J R and McCallum, A M and Rau, Gabriel C and Tellam, J H},
  title     = {Understanding three-dimensional stream-aquifer interactions in an ephemeral stream catchment and implications for groundwater recharge estimation},
  year      = {2014},
  note      = {Conference presentation},
  booktitle = {41st IAH International Congress},
  datespan  = {15 - 19 September 2014},
  location  = {Marrakech, Morocco},
  name      = {41st IAH International Congress},
  type      = {Conference presentation},
  url       = {http://goldschmidt.info/2014/abstracts/abstractView?abstractId=3650},
}



@Conference{Halloran-2013-conf,
  author    = {Halloran, L. J. S. and Roshan, H. and Rau, Gabriel C and McCallum, A. M. and Andersen, M. S. and Acworth, R. I.},
  title     = {Effects of floods and groundwater pumping on hyporheic flows measured by coiled fibre-optic distributed temperature sensing},
  year      = {2013},
  note      = {Conference presentation},
  booktitle = {40th IAH International Convention},
  datespan  = {15-20 Sept 2013},
  location  = {Perth, Australia},
  name      = {40th IAH International Convention},
  type      = {Conference presentation},
}



@Conference{Li-2015-conf,
  author    = {Li, C P and Andersen, M S and Kelly, B F J and Rau, Gabriel C and McCallum, A M},
  title     = {The decline and rise of groundwater levels in the Maules Creek Catchment (Upper Namoi): Implications for groundwater resource management},
  year      = {2015},
  note      = {Conference presentation},
  booktitle = {2nd Australian Cotton Research Conference},
  datespan  = {8 - 10 September 2015},
  location  = {Toowoomba, QLD, Australia},
  name      = {2nd Australian Cotton Research Conference},
  type      = {Conference presentation},
}



@Conference{Markowska-2015-conf,
  author    = {Markowska, M and Baker, AB and Andersen, MS and Jex, C and Cuthbert, MO and Rau, G and Graham, PW and Rutlidge, H and Marjo, C and Treble, PC},
  title     = {monitoring to Determine the Controls on δ18O from a Modern Speleothem Record in Semi-arid SE Australia, Cave},
  year      = {2015},
  note      = {Conference presentation},
  booktitle = {American Geophysical Union Fall Meeting},
  datespan  = {14 - 18 Dec 2015},
  location  = {San Francisco, CA, USA},
  name      = {American Geophysical Union Fall Meeting},
  type      = {Conference presentation},
}



@Conference{Markowska-2014-conf,
  author    = {Markowska, M. and Baker, A. and Andersen, M. S. and Cuthbert, M. O. and Rau, Gabriel C and Jex, C. and Rutlidge, H. and Marjo, C. and Roshan, H. and Treble, P.},
  title     = {Where is the water going: An irrigation experiment using a natural isotopic tracer in karst SE, Australia},
  year      = {2014},
  note      = {Conference presentation},
  booktitle = {EGU General Assembly},
  datespan  = {27 April - 02 May 2014},
  location  = {Vienna, Austria},
  name      = {EGU General Assembly},
  type      = {Conference presentation},
}



@Conference{Markowska-2015-confa,
  author    = {Markowska, Monika and Baker, Andy and Andersen, Martin S. and Cuthbert, Mark O. and Rau, Gabriel C. and Jex, Catherine N. and Graham, Peter W. and Adler, Lewis and Rutlidge, Helen and Hua, Quan and Mariethoz, Gregoire and Marjo, Christopher and Treble, Pauline C.},
  title     = {Cave stalagmites as recorders of past recharge frequency and changes in aridity},
  year      = {2015},
  note      = {Conference presentation},
  booktitle = {Australian Groundwater Conference},
  datespan  = {3 - 5 Nov 2015},
  location  = {Canberra, Australia},
  name      = {Australian Groundwater Conference},
  type      = {Conference presentation},
}



@Conference{McCallum-2010-conf,
  author    = {McCallum, A.M. and Andersen, M.S. and Rau, Gabriel CC. and Acworth, R.I.},
  title     = {Investigation of surface water groundwater interactions and temporal variability of streambed hydraulic conductivity using streambed temperature data},
  year      = {2010},
  note      = {Conference presentation},
  booktitle = {38th IAH Congress},
  datespan  = {12-17 Sept 2010},
  location  = {Krakow, Poland},
  name      = {38th IAH Congress},
  type      = {Conference presentation},
}



@Conference{McCallum-2011-conf,
  author    = {McCallum, A. M. and Andersen, M. S. and Rau, Gabriel CC. and Acworth, R. I.},
  title     = {Using Combined Temperature, Flow and Level Data to Investigate River-Aquifer Interaction Scaling Issue},
  year      = {2011},
  note      = {Conference presentation},
  booktitle = {AGU Fall Meeting 2011},
  datespan  = {5-9 Dec 2011},
  location  = {San Francisco, USA},
  name      = {AGU Fall Meeting 2011},
  type      = {Conference presentation},
}



@Conference{McCallum-2013-conf,
  author    = {McCallum, A. M. and Cuthbert, M. O. and Roshan, H. and Rau, Gabriel CC. and Andersen, M. S. and Acworth, R.I.},
  title     = {Estimating surface water groundwater interactions using temperature time series for non-uniform and transient conditions},
  year      = {2013},
  note      = {Conference presentation},
  booktitle = {40th IAH International Convention},
  datespan  = {15-20 Sept 2013},
  location  = {Perth, Australia},
  name      = {40th IAH International Convention},
  type      = {Conference presentation},
}



@Conference{Rau-2009-conf,
  author    = {Rau, Gabriel C and Andersen, M. S. and Acworth, R. I.},
  title     = {Investigating Testing Methods Using Natural Heat as a Tracer to Quantify Surface Water Groundwater Connectivity: Maules Creek, NSW},
  year      = {2009},
  note      = {Conference presentation},
  booktitle = {Cotton Catchment Communities CRC},
  datespan  = {17-19 August 2009},
  location  = {Narrabri, Australia},
  name      = {Cotton Catchment Communities CRC},
  type      = {Conference presentation},
}



@Conference{Rau-2011-conf,
  author    = {Rau, Gabriel CC. and Andersen, M. S. and Acworth, R. I.},
  title     = {Is thermal dispersivity significant for the use of heat as a tracer in sediments?},
  year      = {2011},
  note      = {Conference presentation},
  booktitle = {AGU Fall Meeting},
  datespan  = {5-9th Dec 2011},
  location  = {San Francisco, USA},
  name      = {AGU Fall Meeting},
  special   = {AGU Outstanding Student Paper Award 2011},
  type      = {Conference presentation},
}



@Conference{Rau-2012-conf,
  author    = {Rau, Gabriel CC. and Andersen, M. S. and Acworth, R. I.},
  title     = {The effect of non-uniform flow in homogeneous sediment on velocity quantification using heat as a tracer},
  year      = {2012},
  note      = {Conference presentation},
  booktitle = {AGU Fall Meeting},
  datespan  = {3-7 Dec 2012},
  location  = {San Francisco, USA},
  name      = {AGU Fall Meeting},
  special   = {Invited Talk},
  type      = {Conference presentation},
}



@Conference{Rau-2009-confa,
  author    = {Rau, Gabriel C and Andersen, M. S. and McCallum, A. M. and Acworth, R. I.},
  title     = {Field investigation using natural heat as a tracer to quantify surface water groundwater connectivity in Maules Creek, NSW, Australia},
  year      = {2009},
  note      = {Conference presentation},
  booktitle = {37th IAH International Convention},
  datespan  = {7-12 Sept 2009},
  location  = {Hyderabad, India},
  name      = {37th IAH International Convention},
  special   = {IAH Student Sponsorship Award 2009},
  type      = {Conference presentation},
}



@Conference{Rau-2010-conf,
  author    = {Rau, Gabriel CC. and Andersen, M.S. and McCallum, A.M. and Acworth, R.I.},
  title     = {Uncertainty of vertical streambed seepage rates under realistic field conditions using diel temperature fluctuations},
  year      = {2010},
  note      = {Conference presentation},
  booktitle = {38th IAH Congress},
  datespan  = {12-17 Sept 2010},
  location  = {Krakow, Poland},
  name      = {38th IAH Congress},
  type      = {Conference presentation},
}



@Conference{Rau-2013-conf,
  author    = {Rau, Gabriel CC. and Andersen, M.S. McCallum, A.M. and Roshan, H. and Cuthbert, M. and Acworth, R.I.},
  title     = {Heat as a Tracer of Groundwater Flow: Recent Advances and Future Challenges},
  year      = {2013},
  note      = {Conference presentation},
  booktitle = {40th IAH International Convention},
  datespan  = {15-20 Sept 2013},
  location  = {Perth, Australia},
  name      = {40th IAH International Convention},
  special   = {Keynote Presentation},
  type      = {Conference presentation},
}



@Conference{Rau-2015-confa,
  author    = {Rau, Gabriel C. and Cuthbert, Mark O. and Andersen, Martin S. and Baker, Andy and Rutlidge, Helen and Roshan, Monika Markowska Hamid and Marjo, Christopher E. and Graham, Peter W. and Acworth, R. Ian},
  title     = {What controls the cave drip water temperature? Analysis and implications for paleoclimate reconstruction from speleothems},
  year      = {2015},
  note      = {Conference presentation},
  booktitle = {Australian Groundwater Conference},
  datespan  = {3 - 5 Nov 2015},
  location  = {Canberra, Australia},
  name      = {Australian Groundwater Conference},
  type      = {Conference presentation},
}



@Conference{Rau-2014-conf,
  author    = {Rau, Gabriel C and Frecker, J. and Andersen, M. S. and Unland, N. and Hofmann, H. and Gilfedder, B. S. and Atkinson, A. and Cuthbert, M. and McCallum, A. and Roshan, H. and Cartwright, I. and Hollins, S. and Acworth, R. I.},
  title     = {Combining Radon and heat as tracers to characterise surface water and groundwater exchange pathways},
  year      = {2014},
  note      = {Conference presentation},
  booktitle = {EGU General Assembly},
  datespan  = {27 April - 02 May 2014},
  location  = {Vienna, Austria},
  name      = {EGU General Assembly},
  type      = {Conference presentation},
}



@Conference{Rau-2016-conf,
  author    = {Rau, Gabriel C. and Turner, Ian L. and Austin, Martin J. and Andersen, Martin S.},
  title     = {Experimental investigation of the flow dynamics within sandy coastal barriers under different water level and wave conditions},
  year      = {2016},
  note      = {Conference presentation},
  booktitle = {24th Salt Water Intrusion Meeting and the 4th Asia-Pacific Coastal Aquifer Management Meeting},
  datespan  = {4-8 July 2016},
  location  = {Carins, Australia},
  name      = {24th Salt Water Intrusion Meeting and the 4th Asia-Pacific Coastal Aquifer Management Meeting},
  type      = {Conference presentation},
}



@Conference{Rutlidge-2013-conf,
  author    = {Rutlidge, Helen and Baker, Andy and Marjo, Chris and Andersen, Martin S. and Graham, Peter W. and Cuthbert, Mark O. and Rau, Gabriel C. and Roshan, Hamid and Markowska, Monika and Kelloway, Sarah},
  title     = {Infiltration water organic matter and trace element geochemistry in a semi-arid karst environment: implications for speleothem paleoclimatology},
  year      = {2013},
  note      = {Conference presentation},
  booktitle = {AGU Fall Meeting},
  datespan  = {9-13 Dec 2013},
  location  = {San Francisco, USA},
  name      = {AGU Fall Meeting},
  type      = {Conference presentation},
}



@Conference{Rutlidge-2014-confa,
  author    = {Rutlidge, H T and Andersen, M S and Graham, P W and Cuthbert, M O and Rau, Gabriel C and Roshan, H and Markowska, M and Marjo, C and Baker, A},
  title     = {Artificial infiltrations informing interpretation of trace element records in speleothems},
  year      = {2014},
  note      = {Conference presentation},
  booktitle = {Climate Change: The Karst Record VII (KR7)},
  datespan  = {29 September - 3 October 2014},
  location  = {University of Melbourne, Australia},
  name      = {Climate Change: The Karst Record VII (KR7)},
  type      = {Conference presentation},
}


@Misc{Andersen-2010,
  author    = {Andersen, M. S. and Acworth, R. I. and Rau, Gabriel C and McCallum, A. M.},
  title     = {Investigations of surface water ground-water interactions in a water stressed semi-arid catchment},
  year      = {2010},
  note      = {Workshop},
  booktitle = {Namoi Groundwater Forum (organised by The Namoi Catchment Management Authority and the Cotton Catchment Communities CRC)},
  date      = {2010-12-03},
  location  = {Tamworth, Australia},
  name      = {Namoi Groundwater Forum (organised by The Namoi Catchment Management Authority and the Cotton Catchment Communities CRC)},
  type      = {Workshop},
}



@Misc{Rau-2009,
  author    = {Rau, Gabriel C and Andersen, M. S. and McCallum, A.M. and Acworth, R. I.},
  title     = {Field Investigation Testing Methods Using Natural Heat as a Tracer to Quantify Surface Water Groundwater Connectivity: Maules Creek, NSW},
  year      = {2009},
  note      = {Workshop},
  booktitle = {Cotton Catchment Communities CRC},
  datespan  = {17-19 August 2009},
  location  = {Narrabri, Australia},
  name      = {Cotton Catchment Communities CRC},
  type      = {Workshop},
}


@Misc{Rau-2015b,
  author    = {Rau, Gabriel C and Baker, A and Cuthbert, MO and Andersen, MS},
  title     = {Delving deep into caves can teach us about climate past and present},
  year      = {2015},
  note      = {News item},
  publisher = {The Conversation},
  type      = {News item},
  url       = {https://theconversation.com/delving-deep-into-caves-can-teach-us-about-climate-past-and-present-50122},
}



@Misc{Rau-2015c,
  author    = {Rau, Gabriel C and Kelly, B and Timms, W and Acworth, RI},
  title     = {ew research identifies a gap in sediments and questions simple groundwater models on the Liverpool Plains, NSW, Australia},
  year      = {2015},
  note      = {News item},
  publisher = {AlphaGalileo},
  type      = {News item},
  url       = {http://www.alphagalileo.org/ViewItem.aspx?ItemId=157660&CultureCode=en},
}


@Misc{Andersen-2010a,
  author = {Andersen, M.S. and Rau, Gabriel CC. and McCallum, A.M. and Acworth, R.I.},
  title  = {Investigations of surface water groundwater interactions in a water stressed semi-arid catchment},
  month  = {24 Sept 2010},
  year   = {2010},
  note   = {Outreach presentation},
  date   = {2010-09-24},
  type   = {Outreach presentation},
}



@Misc{Rau-2010a,
  author = {Rau, Gabriel CC. and Andersen, M.S.},
  title  = {Analytical methods that use natural heat as a tracer to quantify surface water–groundwater exchange, evaluated using field temperature records},
  month  = {15 Jul 2010},
  year   = {2010},
  note   = {Outreach presentation},
  date   = {2010-07-15},
  type   = {Outreach presentation},
}



@Misc{Rau-2010b,
  author = {Rau, Gabriel CC. and Andersen, M.S.},
  title  = {Analytical methods that use natural heat as a tracer to quantify surface water–groundwater exchange, evaluated using field temperature records},
  month  = {19 Jul 2010},
  year   = {2010},
  note   = {Outreach presentation},
  date   = {2010-07-19},
  type   = {Outreach presentation},
}



@Misc{Rau-2010c,
  author = {Rau, Gabriel CC. and Andersen, M.S.},
  title  = {Analytical methods that use natural heat as a tracer to quantify surface water–groundwater exchange, evaluated using field temperature records},
  month  = {21 Jul 2010},
  year   = {2010},
  note   = {Outreach presentation},
  date   = {2010-07-21},
  type   = {Outreach presentation},
}



@Misc{Rau-2010d,
  author = {Rau, Gabriel CC. and Andersen, M.S.},
  title  = {Analytical methods that use natural heat as a tracer to quantify surface water–groundwater exchange, evaluated using field temperature records},
  month  = {23 Jul 2010},
  year   = {2010},
  note   = {Outreach presentation},
  date   = {2010-07-23},
  type   = {Outreach presentation},
}



@Misc{Rau-2009a,
  author = {Rau, Gabriel CC. and Andersen, M.S and Acworth, R.I.},
  title  = {The Use of Natural Heat as a Tracer to Quantify Groundwater Surface Water Interactions, Maules Creek, New South Wales, Australia},
  month  = {20 Nov 2009},
  year   = {2009},
  note   = {Outreach presentation},
  date   = {2009-11-20},
  type   = {Outreach presentation},
}



@Misc{Rau-2010e,
  author = {Rau, Gabriel CC. and Andersen, M.S. and Acworth, R.I.},
  title  = {Analytical methods that use natural heat as a tracer to quantify surface water–groundwater exchange, evaluated using field temperature records},
  month  = {9 Feb 2010},
  year   = {2010},
  note   = {Outreach presentation},
  date   = {2010-02-09},
  type   = {Outreach presentation},
}



@Misc{Rau-2010f,
  author = {Rau, Gabriel CC. and Andersen, M.S. and Acworth, R.I.},
  title  = {Laboratory and field investigation of heat transport in shallow saturated hydrogeological systems},
  month  = {21 Sept 2010},
  year   = {2010},
  note   = {Outreach presentation},
  date   = {2010-09-21},
  type   = {Outreach presentation},
}



@Misc{Rau-2011,
  author = {Rau, Gabriel CC. and Andersen, M.S and Acworth, R.I.},
  title  = {Using natural heat as a tracer to quantify vertical streambed water flow},
  month  = {19 July 2011},
  year   = {2011},
  note   = {Outreach presentation},
  date   = {2011-07-19},
  type   = {Outreach presentation},
}



@Misc{Rau-2012b,
  author = {Rau, Gabriel CC. and Andersen, M.S and Acworth, R.I.},
  title  = {Experimental Investigation of Heat Transport Characteristics in Heterogeneous or Natural Materials},
  month  = {Feb 2012},
  year   = {2012},
  note   = {Outreach presentation},
  date   = {2012-02},
  type   = {Outreach presentation},
}


@Mastersthesis{Rau-2008-thesis,
  author     = {Rau, Gabriel C},
  title      = {The Use of Natural Heat as a Tracer to Quantify Groundwater Surface Water Interactions: Maules Creek, New South Wales, Australia},
  school     = {Department of Hydromechanics and Modelling of Hydrosystems},
  year       = {2008},
  type       = {Diplomarbeit},
  note       = {Diplomarbeit (equiv. Master thesis)},
  url        = {http://goo.gl/ArBskl},
  university = {Universität Stuttgart},
}



@Phdthesis{Rau-2012-thesis,
  author     = {Rau, Gabriel C},
  title      = {Experimental Analysis of Heat as a Tracer for the Quantiﬁcation of Thermal Dispersion and Water Flow in Sand},
  school     = {School of Civil and Environmental Engineering},
  year       = {2012},
  type       = {PhD Thesis},
  note       = {PhD Thesis},
  url        = {http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/51963},
  university = {UNSW Australia},
}


@Conference{Baker-2015-conf,
  author    = {Baker, A and Treble, P. and Coleborn, Katie and Mahmud, K and Markowska, M and Flemons, I and Cuthbert, M O and Rau, Gabriel C and Andersen, MS},
  title     = {Hundreds of automatic drip counters reveal infiltration water discharge characteristics in Australian caves},
  year      = {2015},
  note      = {Conference poster},
  booktitle = {AGU Fall Meeting},
  datespan  = {12-16 Dec 2015},
  location  = {San Francisco, CA, USA},
  name      = {AGU Fall Meeting},
  type      = {Conference poster},
}



@Conference{Halloran-2015-conf,
  author    = {Halloran, L. J. S. and Rau, Gabriel C and Andersen, M. S. and Roshan, H. and Acworth, I.},
  title     = {Natural temperature variations and soil moisture content in the vadose zone},
  year      = {2015},
  note      = {Conference poster},
  booktitle = {Australian Groundwater Conference},
  datespan  = {3 - 5 Nov 2015},
  location  = {Canberra, Australia},
  name      = {Australian Groundwater Conference},
  type      = {Conference poster},
  url       = {http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015EGUGA..17.1312H},
}



@Conference{Halloran-2015-confa,
  author    = {Halloran, L. J. S. and Roshan, H. and Rau, Gabriel C and Cuthbert, M. O. and Andersen, M. S. and Acworth, I.},
  title     = {Soil moisture content estimation from passive temperature measurements},
  year      = {2015},
  note      = {Conference poster},
  booktitle = {EGU General Assembly},
  datespan  = { 12–17 April 2015 },
  location  = {Vienna, Austria},
  name      = {EGU General Assembly},
  type      = {Conference poster},
  url       = {http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015EGUGA..17.1312H},
}



@Conference{Keshavarzi-2014-conf,
  author    = {Keshavarzi, M and Graham, P and Baker, A and Kelly, B F and Andersen, M S and Rau, G and Acworth, R I and Smithson, A},
  title     = {Understanding River - Groundwater Interactions in a Karst System, Wellington, NSW},
  year      = {2014},
  note      = {Conference poster},
  booktitle = {Australian Earth Science Convention 2014},
  datespan  = {7 - 10 July 2014},
  location  = {Newcastle, Australia},
  name      = {Australian Earth Science Convention 2014},
  type      = {Conference poster},
}



@Conference{Rau-2008-conf,
  author    = {Rau, Gabriel C and Andersen, M.S. and McCallum, A.M. and Acworth, R.I},
  title     = {Field and Numerical Investigation of Surface Water Groundwater Interactions Using Natural Heat as a Tracer – Deviation from the 1D Flow Assumption},
  year      = {2008},
  note      = {Conference poster},
  booktitle = {Western Pacific AGU meeting},
  datespan  = {28 July – 1 August 2008},
  location  = {Cairns, Australia},
  name      = {Western Pacific AGU meeting},
  type      = {Conference poster},
}



@Conference{Rau-2015-conf,
  author    = {Rau, Gabriel C and Rutlidge, H. and Andersen, M. S. and Unland, N. P. and Hofmann, H. and Gilfedder, B. S. and Atkinson, A. and Cartwright, I. and Baker, A. and Acworth, R. I.},
  title     = {222-Rn and hydrochemical parameters reveal natural and induced surface groundwater exchange pathways},
  year      = {2015},
  note      = {Conference poster},
  booktitle = {International Symposium on Isotope Hydrology},
  datespan  = {11-15 May 2015},
  location  = {Vienna, Austria},
  name      = {International Symposium on Isotope Hydrology},
  type      = {Conference poster},
  url       = {https://conferences.iaea.org/indico/conferenceDisplay.py?confId=49},
}



@Conference{Roshan-2013-conf,
  author    = {Roshan, H. and Young, Michael and Andersen, M. S. and Halloran, L. and McCallum, A.M. and Rau, Gabriel CC. and Acworth, R.I.},
  title     = {Evaluating thermal response of Fiber Optic Distributed Temperature Sensing},
  year      = {2013},
  note      = {Conference poster},
  booktitle = {40th IAH International Convention},
  datespan  = {15-20 Sept 2013},
  location  = {Perth, Australia},
  name      = {40th IAH International Convention},
  type      = {Conference poster},
}



@Conference{Rutlidge-2014-conf,
  author    = {Rutlidge, H T and Andersen, M S and Rau, Gabriel C and Cuthbert, M O and Graham, P W and Unland, N P and Hofmann, H and Gilfidder, B S and Atkinson, A and Cartwright, I and Halloran, L J S and Baker, A},
  title     = {Use of fluorescence in conjunction with radon activity to monitor groundwater-surface water interactions in a system under stress},
  year      = {2014},
  note      = {Conference poster},
  booktitle = {Goldschmidt},
  datespan  = {8 - 13 June 2014},
  location  = {Sacramento, CA, USA},
  name      = {Goldschmidt},
  type      = {Conference poster},
}


@Conference{Halloran-,
  author        = {Halloran, LJ and Rau, Gabriel C and Kennedy, JP and Li, CP and Roshan, H and Andersen, MS},
  title         = {Applied thermal methods in unsaturated zone hydrology},
  year          = {2016},
  organization  = {Sydney, NSW},
  note          = {Conference poster},
  __markedentry = {[z3229417:6]},
  booktitle     = {International Conference on Porous Media \& First Annual Meeting of Australian Chapter of InterPore},
  conference    = {International Conference on Porous Media \& First Annual Meeting of Australian Chapter of InterPore},
  datespan      = {30 Nov - 2 Dec 2016},
  type          = {Conference poster},
}



@Conference{Andersen-2016,
  author        = {Andersen, MS and Eberhard, SM and Rutlidge, H and Rau, Gabriel C and Auhl, A and Moll, C},
  title         = {Biogeochemical processes in the hyporheic zone: the role of flow regime in controlling habitat.},
  year          = {2016},
  month         = {Nov},
  note          = {Conference presentation},
  __markedentry = {[z3229417:6]},
  abstract      = {Flow of water is essential to provide food (organic matter - OM), nutrients (e.g. N and P) and electron acceptors (e.g. oxygen, nitrate, etc.) for groundwater-dependent ecosystems. In the hyporheic zone, subsurface flows may have multiple sources, i.e. regional groundwater or surface water via hyporheic exchange. These water sources may have very different chemical composition in terms of nutrients, electron acceptors and OM and its quality (i.e. reactivity). Regional groundwater tends to be geochemically evolved and has low concentrations of labile OM. In contrast, surface water has higher concentrations of labile OM. Hence down-welling surface water leads to steep redox-gradients along hyporheic flow paths caused by rapid degradation of OM. As a consequence contrasting subsurface environmental conditions can be formed depending on the source of water, with a range of redox-conditions from oxic to anoxic. Up-welling oxic groundwater will support ecosystems with higher trophic levels (i.e. invertebrates) whereas anoxic conditions will lead to an anaerobic microbe-dominated ecosystem. Altering the flow regime in hyporheic systems will change the hydrogeochemical conditions, OM degradation and microbial processes, and the habitat for invertebrates. For instance depriving streams of their groundwater contribution (e.g. due to groundwater abstraction) could decrease amount and duration of surface flow, enhance down-welling of surface water and alter water quality towards more anoxic conditions. This has significant implications for ecohydrological processes and ecosystem functioning in the hyporheic zone. This presentation will explore these processes by theoretical considerations and field studies undertaken at Maules Creek, NSW.},
  booktitle     = {Ecological Society of Australia Annual Conference},
  conference    = {Ecological Society of Australia Annual Conference},
  datsespan     = {28 Nov - 2 Dec 2016},
  location      = {Fremantle Western Australia},
  type          = {Conference presentation},
  url           = {http://www.esa2016.org.au/},
}



@Conference{Andersen-2016a,
  author        = {Andersen, MS and Rutlidge, H and Eberhard and Auhl and Rau, Gabriel C},
  title         = {Coupling of flow and biogeochemical processes controlling the environmental conditions in the hyporheic zone: Implications for the streambed habitat},
  year          = {2016},
  organization  = {San Francisco, USA},
  note          = {Conference presentation},
  __markedentry = {[z3229417:6]},
  abstract      = {The hyporheic zone of streams not only connects groundwater and surface water, but is essential for nutrient and carbon cycling and provides crucial habitat for organisms (termed hyporheos). Here we demonstrate how flow (groundwater discharge and hyporheic exchange) and biogeochemical processes interact to form environmental conditions and habitat for hyporheos. This provides the understanding to assess how hyporheic conditions may be altered by changing flow paths caused by flow perturbations such as groundwater pumping. The studied reaches in the Maules Creek Catchment in New South Wales, Australia, comprise intermittent losing, perennial gaining and perennial losing sections, and are therefore well-suited to study how different flow paths affect water quality. Surface water, hyporheic zone pore water (at depths between 0.4 and 0.8 m), and groundwater from monitoring bores, was sampled and analysed for water quality and hyporheos. For each hyporheic site the hydraulic potential for upwelling or down-welling was measured by the vertical hydraulic head difference. Upwelling regional groundwater was generally oxic with detectable nitrate and low DOC (dissolved organic carbon). On the other hand, hyporheic water in down-welling zones became anoxic at shallow depths (< 1 m), with dissolved reduced species such as Fe2+, Mn2+ and NH4+ and no O2, forming a steep vertical redox gradient from the streambed into the sediment. Upwelling hyporheic water (originating from the stream) was found to have a similar hydrochemical signature. These zones did not support habitat for hyporheic invertebrates because metazoan organisms cannot permanently inhabit anoxic environments. No invertebrates were found for Fe2+ concentrations above 2 mg/L. The hyporheos in these zones appeared to be dominated by anaerobic microbes including Fe-reducing bacteria. Our results show that flow conditions affect water quality, which in turn regulates the habitat of hyporheic invertebrates as they will not exist under anoxic conditions. The results have implications for understanding the ecological responses of the hyporheic zone to perturbations which affect flow and biogeochemical processes.},
  booktitle     = {AGU Fall Meeting 2016},
  conference    = {American Geophysical Union Fall Meeting},
  datespan      = {12-16 Dec 2016},
  type          = {Conference presentation},
  url           = {https://fallmeeting.agu.org/2016/#},
}

\">\n            <i class=\"fa fa-download fa-fw\"></i> Download BibTeX\n          </a>\n        </li>\n        <li>\n          <a href=\"//bibbase.org/rss?bib=https://raw.githubusercontent.com/gcrau/gcrau.github.io/master/bibtex/gabriel-c-rau-published.bib\">\n            <i class=\"fa fa-rss fa-fw\"></i> RSS Feed\n          </a>\n          </li>\n      </ul>\n      </li>\n\n      \n\n\n      \n    </ul>\n\n\n    <div class=\"alert alert-success bibbase_msg\" id=\"bibbase_msg_embed\"\n         style=\"display: none;\">\n\n      Excellent! 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I.; Halloran, L. J.; <a class=\"bibbase author link\" href=\"https://gcrau.github.io/\">Rau, G. C.</a>; Cuthbert, M. O.;  and Bernardi, T. L.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  <i>Geophysical Research Letters</i>, 43(22): 11,671-11,678.  2016.\n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.org/10.1002/2016GL071328\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('acworth-halloran-rau-cuthbert-bernardi-anobjectivefrequencydomainmethodforquantifyingconfinedaquifercompressiblestorageusingearthandatmospherictides-2016', 'http://doi.org/10.1002/2016GL071328', event.ctrlKey)\"\n     class=\"bibbase doi link\">\n    <span>doi</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/acworth-halloran-rau-cuthbert-bernardi-anobjectivefrequencydomainmethodforquantifyingconfinedaquifercompressiblestorageusingearthandatmospherictides-2016\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('acworth-halloran-rau-cuthbert-bernardi-anobjectivefrequencydomainmethodforquantifyingconfinedaquifercompressiblestorageusingearthandatmospherictides-2016')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@Article{Acworth-2016,\n  author   = {Acworth, R. Ian and Halloran, Landon J.S. and Rau, Gabriel C. and Cuthbert, Mark O. and Bernardi, Tony L.},\n  title    = {{An objective frequency-domain method for quantifying confined aquifer compressible storage using Earth and atmospheric tides}},\n  journal  = {Geophysical Research Letters},\n  year     = {2016},\n  date     = {2016-10-27},\n  volume   = {43},\n  number   = {22},\n  pages    = {11,671-11,678},\n  issn     = {00948276},\n  doi      = {10.1002/2016GL071328},\n  keywords = {10.1002/2016GL071328 and groundwater storage,Earth tides,atmospheric tides,barometric efficiency,formation compressibility,specific storage},\n  type     = {Journal article},\n}\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"acworth-rau-cuthbert-jensen-leggett-longtermspatiotemporalprecipitationvariabilityinaridzoneaustraliaandimplicationsforgroundwaterrecharge-2016\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  Long-term spatio-temporal precipitation variability in arid-zone Australia and implications for groundwater recharge.\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Acworth, R. I.; <a class=\"bibbase author link\" href=\"https://gcrau.github.io/\">Rau, G. C.</a>; Cuthbert, M. O.; Jensen, E.;  and Leggett, K.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  <i>Hydrogeology Journal</i>, 24(4): 905-921.  2016.\n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.org/10.1007/s10040-015-1358-7\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('acworth-rau-cuthbert-jensen-leggett-longtermspatiotemporalprecipitationvariabilityinaridzoneaustraliaandimplicationsforgroundwaterrecharge-2016', 'http://doi.org/10.1007/s10040-015-1358-7', event.ctrlKey)\"\n     class=\"bibbase doi link\">\n    <span>doi</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/acworth-rau-cuthbert-jensen-leggett-longtermspatiotemporalprecipitationvariabilityinaridzoneaustraliaandimplicationsforgroundwaterrecharge-2016\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('acworth-rau-cuthbert-jensen-leggett-longtermspatiotemporalprecipitationvariabilityinaridzoneaustraliaandimplicationsforgroundwaterrecharge-2016')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@Article{Acworth-2016a,\n  author   = {Acworth, R. Ian and Rau, Gabriel C. and Cuthbert, Mark O. and Jensen, Evan and Leggett, Keith},\n  title    = {{Long-term spatio-temporal precipitation variability in arid-zone Australia and implications for groundwater recharge}},\n  journal  = {Hydrogeology Journal},\n  year     = {2016},\n  date     = {2016-01-12},\n  volume   = {24},\n  number   = {4},\n  pages    = {905-921},\n  issn     = {1431-2174},\n  if       = {2.028},\n  snip     = {1.185},\n  abstract = {Quantifying dryland groundwater recharge as a function of climate variability is becoming increasingly important in the face of a globally depleted resource, yet this remains a major challenge due to lack of adequate monitoring and the complexity of processes involved. A previously unpublished and unique dataset of high density and frequency rainfall measurements is presented, from the Fowlers Gap Arid Zone Research Station in western New South Wales (Australia). The dataset confirms extreme spatial and temporal variability in rainfall distribution which has been observed in other dryland areas and is generally explained by the dominance of individual storm cells. Contrary to previous observations, however, this dataset contains only a few localised storm cells despite the variability. The implications of spatiotemporal rainfall variability on the estimation of groundwater recharge is assessed and show that the most likely recharge mechanism is through indirect and localised, rather than direct, recharge. Examples of rainfall and stream gauge height illustrate runoff generation when a spatially averaged threshold of 15?25 mm (depending on the antecedent moisture conditions) is exceeded. Preliminary assessment of groundwater levels illustrates that the regional water table is much deeper than anticipated, especially considering the expected magnitude of indirect and localised recharge. A possible explanation is that pathways for indirect and localised recharge are inhibited by the large quantities of Aeolian dust observed at the site. Runoff readily occurs with water collecting in surface lakes which slowly dry and disappear. Assuming direct groundwater recharge under these conditions will significantly overestimate actual recharge.},\n  doi      = {10.1007/s10040-015-1358-7},\n  keywords = {arid regions,australia,groundwater,groundwater monitoring,groundwater recharge,relations,surface-water,water budget},\n  language = {English},\n  type     = {Journal article},\n}\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  Quantifying dryland groundwater recharge as a function of climate variability is becoming increasingly important in the face of a globally depleted resource, yet this remains a major challenge due to lack of adequate monitoring and the complexity of processes involved. A previously unpublished and unique dataset of high density and frequency rainfall measurements is presented, from the Fowlers Gap Arid Zone Research Station in western New South Wales (Australia). The dataset confirms extreme spatial and temporal variability in rainfall distribution which has been observed in other dryland areas and is generally explained by the dominance of individual storm cells. Contrary to previous observations, however, this dataset contains only a few localised storm cells despite the variability. The implications of spatiotemporal rainfall variability on the estimation of groundwater recharge is assessed and show that the most likely recharge mechanism is through indirect and localised, rather than direct, recharge. Examples of rainfall and stream gauge height illustrate runoff generation when a spatially averaged threshold of 15?25 mm (depending on the antecedent moisture conditions) is exceeded. Preliminary assessment of groundwater levels illustrates that the regional water table is much deeper than anticipated, especially considering the expected magnitude of indirect and localised recharge. A possible explanation is that pathways for indirect and localised recharge are inhibited by the large quantities of Aeolian dust observed at the site. Runoff readily occurs with water collecting in surface lakes which slowly dry and disappear. Assuming direct groundwater recharge under these conditions will significantly overestimate actual recharge.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"coleborn-rau-cuthbert-baker-navarre-solarforceddiurnalregulationofcavedripratesviaphreatophyteevapotranspiration-2016\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  Solar-forced diurnal regulation of cave drip rates via phreatophyte evapotranspiration.\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Coleborn, K.; <a class=\"bibbase author link\" href=\"https://gcrau.github.io/\">Rau, G. C.</a>; Cuthbert, M. O.; Baker, A.;  and Navarre, O.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  <i>Hydrology and Earth System Sciences</i>, 20(11): 4439-4455.  2016.\n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.org/10.5194/hess-20-4439-2016\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('coleborn-rau-cuthbert-baker-navarre-solarforceddiurnalregulationofcavedripratesviaphreatophyteevapotranspiration-2016', 'http://doi.org/10.5194/hess-20-4439-2016', event.ctrlKey)\"\n     class=\"bibbase doi link\">\n    <span>doi</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/coleborn-rau-cuthbert-baker-navarre-solarforceddiurnalregulationofcavedripratesviaphreatophyteevapotranspiration-2016\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('coleborn-rau-cuthbert-baker-navarre-solarforceddiurnalregulationofcavedripratesviaphreatophyteevapotranspiration-2016')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@Article{Coleborn-2016,\n  author   = {Coleborn, Katie and Rau, Gabriel C. and Cuthbert, Mark O. and Baker, Andy and Navarre, Owen},\n  title    = {{Solar-forced diurnal regulation of cave drip rates via phreatophyte evapotranspiration}},\n  journal  = {Hydrology and Earth System Sciences},\n  year     = {2016},\n  date     = {2016-10-11},\n  volume   = {20},\n  number   = {11},\n  pages    = {4439-4455},\n  issn     = {1607-7938},\n  if       = {3.990},\n  snip     = {1.392},\n  abstract = {We present results of a detailed study of drip rate variations at 12 drip discharge sites in Glory Hole Cave, New South Wales, Australia. Our novel time series analysis, using the wavelet synchrosqueezed transform, reveals pronounced oscillations at daily and sub-daily frequencies occurring in 8 out of the 12 monitored sites. These oscillations were not spatially or temporally homogenous, with different drip sites exhibiting such behaviour at different times of year in different parts of the cave. We test several hypotheses for the cause of the oscillations, including variations in pressure gradients between karst and cave due to cave breathing effects or atmospheric and earth tides, variations in hydraulic conductivity due to changes in viscosity of water with daily temperature oscillations, and solar-driven daily cycles of vegetative (phreatophytic) transpiration. We conclude that the only hypothesis consistent with the data and hydrologic theory is that daily oscillations are caused by solar-driven pumping by phreatophytic trees which are abundant at the site. The daily oscillations are not continuous and occur sporadically in short bursts (2{\\&amp;}ndash;14 days) throughout the year due to non-linear modification of the solar signal via complex karst architecture. This is the first indirect observation leading to the hypothesis of tree water use in cave drip water. It has important implications for karst hydrology in regards to developing a new protocol to determine the relative importance of trends in drip rate, such as diurnal oscillations, and how these trends change over timescales of weeks to years. This information can also be used to infer karst architecture. This study demonstrates the importance of vegetation on recharge dynamics, information that will inform both process-based karst models and empirical estimation approaches. Our findings support a growing body of research exploring the impact of trees on speleothem paleoclimate proxies.},\n  doi      = {10.5194/hess-20-4439-2016},\n  isbn     = {1027-5606},\n  type     = {Journal article},\n}\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  We present results of a detailed study of drip rate variations at 12 drip discharge sites in Glory Hole Cave, New South Wales, Australia. Our novel time series analysis, using the wavelet synchrosqueezed transform, reveals pronounced oscillations at daily and sub-daily frequencies occurring in 8 out of the 12 monitored sites. These oscillations were not spatially or temporally homogenous, with different drip sites exhibiting such behaviour at different times of year in different parts of the cave. We test several hypotheses for the cause of the oscillations, including variations in pressure gradients between karst and cave due to cave breathing effects or atmospheric and earth tides, variations in hydraulic conductivity due to changes in viscosity of water with daily temperature oscillations, and solar-driven daily cycles of vegetative (phreatophytic) transpiration. We conclude that the only hypothesis consistent with the data and hydrologic theory is that daily oscillations are caused by solar-driven pumping by phreatophytic trees which are abundant at the site. The daily oscillations are not continuous and occur sporadically in short bursts (2&ndash;14 days) throughout the year due to non-linear modification of the solar signal via complex karst architecture. This is the first indirect observation leading to the hypothesis of tree water use in cave drip water. It has important implications for karst hydrology in regards to developing a new protocol to determine the relative importance of trends in drip rate, such as diurnal oscillations, and how these trends change over timescales of weeks to years. This information can also be used to infer karst architecture. This study demonstrates the importance of vegetation on recharge dynamics, information that will inform both process-based karst models and empirical estimation approaches. Our findings support a growing body of research exploring the impact of trees on speleothem paleoclimate proxies.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"cuthbert-acworth-andersen-larsen-mccallum-rau-tellam-understandingandquantifyingfocusedindirectgroundwaterrechargefromephemeralstreamsusingwatertablefluctuations-2016\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  Understanding and quantifying focused, indirect groundwater recharge from ephemeral streams using water table fluctuations.\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Cuthbert, M. O.; Acworth, R. I.; Andersen, M. S.; Larsen, J. R.; McCallum, A. M.; <a class=\"bibbase author link\" href=\"https://gcrau.github.io/\">Rau, G. C</a>;  and Tellam, J. H.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  <i>Water Resources Research</i>, 52(2): 827-840.  2016.\n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.org/10.1002/2015WR017503\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('cuthbert-acworth-andersen-larsen-mccallum-rau-tellam-understandingandquantifyingfocusedindirectgroundwaterrechargefromephemeralstreamsusingwatertablefluctuations-2016', 'http://doi.org/10.1002/2015WR017503', event.ctrlKey)\"\n     class=\"bibbase doi link\">\n    <span>doi</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/cuthbert-acworth-andersen-larsen-mccallum-rau-tellam-understandingandquantifyingfocusedindirectgroundwaterrechargefromephemeralstreamsusingwatertablefluctuations-2016\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('cuthbert-acworth-andersen-larsen-mccallum-rau-tellam-understandingandquantifyingfocusedindirectgroundwaterrechargefromephemeralstreamsusingwatertablefluctuations-2016')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@Article{Cuthbert-2016,\n  author   = {Cuthbert, M. O. and Acworth, R. I. and Andersen, M. S. and Larsen, J. R. and McCallum, A. M. and Rau, Gabriel C and Tellam, J. H.},\n  title    = {{Understanding and quantifying focused, indirect groundwater recharge from ephemeral streams using water table fluctuations}},\n  journal  = {Water Resources Research},\n  year     = {2016},\n  date     = {2016-02-02},\n  volume   = {52},\n  number   = {2},\n  pages    = {827-840},\n  issn     = {00431397},\n  era      = {A*},\n  if       = {3.792},\n  snip     = {1.523},\n  abstract = {Understanding and managing groundwater resources in drylands is a challenging task, but one that is globally important. The dominant process for dryland groundwater recharge is thought to be as focused, indirect recharge from ephemeral stream losses. However, there is a global paucity of data for understanding and quantifying this process and transferable techniques for quantifying groundwater recharge in such contexts are lacking. Here we develop a generalised conceptual model for understanding water table and groundwater head fluctuations due to recharge from episodic events within ephemeral streams. By accounting for the recession characteristics of a groundwater hydrograph, we present a simple but powerful new water table fluctuation approach to quantifying focused, indirect recharge over both long term and event timescales. The technique is demonstrated using a new, and globally unparalleled, set of groundwater observations from an ephemeral stream catchment located in NSW, Australia. We find that, following episodic streamflow events down a predominantly dry channel system, groundwater head fluctuations are controlled by pressure redistribution operating at three timescales from vertical flow (days to weeks), transverse flow perpendicular to the stream (weeks to months) and longitudinal flow parallel to the stream (years to decades). In relative terms, indirect recharge decreases almost linearly away from the mountain front, both in discrete monitored events as well as in the long term average. In absolute terms, the estimated indirect recharge varies from 80 to 30 mm/a with the main uncertainty in these values stemming from uncertainty in the catchment scale hydraulic properties.},\n  doi      = {10.1002/2015WR017503},\n  isbn     = {6176273099},\n  keywords = {dryland hydrology,ephemeral stream,focused recharge,groundwater recharge,indirect recharge,mountain front,semiarid hydrology,water table fluctuation},\n  pmid     = {1000287943},\n  type     = {Journal article},\n}\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  Understanding and managing groundwater resources in drylands is a challenging task, but one that is globally important. The dominant process for dryland groundwater recharge is thought to be as focused, indirect recharge from ephemeral stream losses. However, there is a global paucity of data for understanding and quantifying this process and transferable techniques for quantifying groundwater recharge in such contexts are lacking. Here we develop a generalised conceptual model for understanding water table and groundwater head fluctuations due to recharge from episodic events within ephemeral streams. By accounting for the recession characteristics of a groundwater hydrograph, we present a simple but powerful new water table fluctuation approach to quantifying focused, indirect recharge over both long term and event timescales. The technique is demonstrated using a new, and globally unparalleled, set of groundwater observations from an ephemeral stream catchment located in NSW, Australia. We find that, following episodic streamflow events down a predominantly dry channel system, groundwater head fluctuations are controlled by pressure redistribution operating at three timescales from vertical flow (days to weeks), transverse flow perpendicular to the stream (weeks to months) and longitudinal flow parallel to the stream (years to decades). In relative terms, indirect recharge decreases almost linearly away from the mountain front, both in discrete monitored events as well as in the long term average. In absolute terms, the estimated indirect recharge varies from 80 to 30 mm/a with the main uncertainty in these values stemming from uncertainty in the catchment scale hydraulic properties.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"halloran-roshan-rau-andersen-acworth-improvedspatialdelineationofstreambedpropertiesandwaterfluxesusingdistributedtemperaturesensing-2016\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  Improved spatial delineation of streambed properties and water fluxes using distributed temperature sensing.\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Halloran, L. J S; Roshan, H.; <a class=\"bibbase author link\" href=\"https://gcrau.github.io/\">Rau, G. C.</a>; Andersen, M. S.;  and Acworth, R. I.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  <i>Hydrological Processes</i>, 30(15): 2686-2702.  2016.\n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.10806\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('halloran-roshan-rau-andersen-acworth-improvedspatialdelineationofstreambedpropertiesandwaterfluxesusingdistributedtemperaturesensing-2016', 'http://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.10806', event.ctrlKey)\"\n     class=\"bibbase doi link\">\n    <span>doi</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/halloran-roshan-rau-andersen-acworth-improvedspatialdelineationofstreambedpropertiesandwaterfluxesusingdistributedtemperaturesensing-2016\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('halloran-roshan-rau-andersen-acworth-improvedspatialdelineationofstreambedpropertiesandwaterfluxesusingdistributedtemperaturesensing-2016')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@Article{Halloran-2016,\n  author   = {Halloran, Landon J S and Roshan, Hamid and Rau, Gabriel C. and Andersen, Martin S. and Acworth, R. Ian},\n  title    = {{Improved spatial delineation of streambed properties and water fluxes using distributed temperature sensing}},\n  journal  = {Hydrological Processes},\n  year     = {2016},\n  date     = {2016-01-30},\n  volume   = {30},\n  number   = {15},\n  pages    = {2686-2702},\n  issn     = {08856087},\n  if       = {2.768},\n  snip     = {1.154},\n  abstract = {A new method was developed for analysing and delineating streambed water fluxes, flow conditions and hydraulic properties using coiled fibre-optic distributed temperature sensing or closely spaced discrete temperature sensors. This method allows for a thorough treatment of the spatial information embedded in temperature data by creating a matrix visualization of all possible sensor pairs. Application of the method to a 5-day field dataset reveals the complexity of shallow streambed thermal regimes. To understand how velocity estimates are affected by violations of assumptions of one-dimensional, saturated, homogeneous flow and to aid in the interpretation of field observations, the method was also applied to temperature data generated by numerical models of common field conditions: horizontal layering, presence of lateral flow and variable streambed saturation. The results show that each condition creates a distinct signature visible in the triangular matrices. The matrices are used to perform a comparison of the behaviour of one-dimensional analytical heat-tracing models. The results show that the amplitude ratio-based method of velocity calculation leads to the most reliable estimates. The minimum sensor spacing required to obtain reliable velocity estimates with discrete sensors is also investigated using field data. The developed method will aid future heat-tracing studies by providing a technique for visualizing and comparing results from fibre-optic distributed temperature sensing installations and testing the robustness of analytical heat-tracing models.},\n  doi      = {10.1002/hyp.10806},\n  keywords = {distributed temperature sensing,heat as a tracer,surface water�groundwater interaction,time-series analysis},\n  type     = {Journal article},\n}\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  A new method was developed for analysing and delineating streambed water fluxes, flow conditions and hydraulic properties using coiled fibre-optic distributed temperature sensing or closely spaced discrete temperature sensors. This method allows for a thorough treatment of the spatial information embedded in temperature data by creating a matrix visualization of all possible sensor pairs. Application of the method to a 5-day field dataset reveals the complexity of shallow streambed thermal regimes. To understand how velocity estimates are affected by violations of assumptions of one-dimensional, saturated, homogeneous flow and to aid in the interpretation of field observations, the method was also applied to temperature data generated by numerical models of common field conditions: horizontal layering, presence of lateral flow and variable streambed saturation. The results show that each condition creates a distinct signature visible in the triangular matrices. The matrices are used to perform a comparison of the behaviour of one-dimensional analytical heat-tracing models. The results show that the amplitude ratio-based method of velocity calculation leads to the most reliable estimates. The minimum sensor spacing required to obtain reliable velocity estimates with discrete sensors is also investigated using field data. The developed method will aid future heat-tracing studies by providing a technique for visualizing and comparing results from fibre-optic distributed temperature sensing installations and testing the robustness of analytical heat-tracing models.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"halloran-rau-andersen-heatasatracertoquantifyprocessesandpropertiesinthevadosezoneareview-2016\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  Heat as a tracer to quantify processes and properties in the vadose zone: A review.\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Halloran, L. J.; <a class=\"bibbase author link\" href=\"https://gcrau.github.io/\">Rau, G. C.</a>;  and Andersen, M. S.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  <i>Earth-Science Reviews</i>, 159(June): 358-373.  2016.\n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2016.06.009\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('halloran-rau-andersen-heatasatracertoquantifyprocessesandpropertiesinthevadosezoneareview-2016', 'http://doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2016.06.009', event.ctrlKey)\"\n     class=\"bibbase doi link\">\n    <span>doi</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/halloran-rau-andersen-heatasatracertoquantifyprocessesandpropertiesinthevadosezoneareview-2016\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('halloran-rau-andersen-heatasatracertoquantifyprocessesandpropertiesinthevadosezoneareview-2016')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@Article{Halloran-2016a,\n  author    = {Halloran, Landon J.S. and Rau, Gabriel C. and Andersen, Martin S.},\n  title     = {{Heat as a tracer to quantify processes and properties in the vadose zone: A review}},\n  journal   = {Earth-Science Reviews},\n  year      = {2016},\n  date      = {2016-06-17},\n  volume    = {159},\n  number    = {June},\n  pages     = {358-373},\n  issn      = {00128252},\n  era       = {A*},\n  if        = {6.991},\n  snip      = {3.034},\n  abstract  = {Soil moisture and temperature are some of the most important controls for a wide variety of geochemical and ecological processes in the vadose zone (VZ). Soil moisture is highly variable both spatially and temporally. The development of methods to measure it on various scales has been the subject of much activity. Recently, geoscientists have been increasingly interested in measuring temperature as a proxy for hydrologic properties and parameters, including soil moisture. Here, we discuss the motivation, primary concepts, equipment, and fundamental thermal and hydraulic models related to heat and water transport in variably saturated porous media. A large variety of methods for heat tracing, including both passive and active-heating methodologies, are detailed. Heat tracing methods offer the capacity to measure soil moisture on a scale from {\\~{}}??1??cm up to several km using temperature, a parameter whose measurement in VZ studies is often required anyway due to its effect on many subsurface processes. Furthermore, heat-tracing methods are not affected by high salinity pore water that can limit electromagnetic soil moisture methods. We also review coupled thermo-hydro VZ modelling software and VZ thermal regime studies and identify several knowledge gaps. With the intention to serve as an introduction to VZ heat-tracing, this review consolidates recent advances and outlines potential themes for future research.},\n  doi       = {10.1016/j.earscirev.2016.06.009},\n  keywords  = {Heat transport,Heat-as-a-tracer,Hydrogeology,Hydrogeophysics,Soil moisture,Thermal regime,Unsaturated subsurface,Vadose zone},\n  publisher = {Elsevier B.V.},\n  type      = {Journal article},\n}\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  Soil moisture and temperature are some of the most important controls for a wide variety of geochemical and ecological processes in the vadose zone (VZ). Soil moisture is highly variable both spatially and temporally. The development of methods to measure it on various scales has been the subject of much activity. Recently, geoscientists have been increasingly interested in measuring temperature as a proxy for hydrologic properties and parameters, including soil moisture. Here, we discuss the motivation, primary concepts, equipment, and fundamental thermal and hydraulic models related to heat and water transport in variably saturated porous media. A large variety of methods for heat tracing, including both passive and active-heating methodologies, are detailed. Heat tracing methods offer the capacity to measure soil moisture on a scale from \\ ??1??cm up to several km using temperature, a parameter whose measurement in VZ studies is often required anyway due to its effect on many subsurface processes. Furthermore, heat-tracing methods are not affected by high salinity pore water that can limit electromagnetic soil moisture methods. We also review coupled thermo-hydro VZ modelling software and VZ thermal regime studies and identify several knowledge gaps. With the intention to serve as an introduction to VZ heat-tracing, this review consolidates recent advances and outlines potential themes for future research.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"baker-jex-rutlidge-woltering-blyth-andersen-cuthbert-marjo-etal-anirrigationexperimenttocomparesoilwaterandspeleothemtetraethermembranelipiddistributions-2016\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  An irrigation experiment to compare soil, water and speleothem tetraether membrane lipid distributions.\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Baker, A.; Jex, C. N.; Rutlidge, H.; Woltering, M.; Blyth, A. J.; Andersen, M. S.; Cuthbert, M. O.; Marjo, C. E.; Markowska, M.; <a class=\"bibbase author link\" href=\"https://gcrau.github.io/\">Rau, G. C.</a>;  and Khan, S. J.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  <i>Organic Geochemistry</i>, 94: 12-20.  2016.\n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.org/10.1016/j.orggeochem.2016.01.005\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('baker-jex-rutlidge-woltering-blyth-andersen-cuthbert-marjo-etal-anirrigationexperimenttocomparesoilwaterandspeleothemtetraethermembranelipiddistributions-2016', 'http://doi.org/10.1016/j.orggeochem.2016.01.005', event.ctrlKey)\"\n     class=\"bibbase doi link\">\n    <span>doi</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/baker-jex-rutlidge-woltering-blyth-andersen-cuthbert-marjo-etal-anirrigationexperimenttocomparesoilwaterandspeleothemtetraethermembranelipiddistributions-2016\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('baker-jex-rutlidge-woltering-blyth-andersen-cuthbert-marjo-etal-anirrigationexperimenttocomparesoilwaterandspeleothemtetraethermembranelipiddistributions-2016')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@Article{Baker-2016,\n  author    = {Baker, Andy and Jex, Catherine N. and Rutlidge, Helen and Woltering, Martijn and Blyth, Alison J. and Andersen, Martin S. and Cuthbert, Mark O. and Marjo, Christopher E. and Markowska, Monika and Rau, Gabriel C. and Khan, Stuart J.},\n  title     = {{An irrigation experiment to compare soil, water and speleothem tetraether membrane lipid distributions}},\n  journal   = {Organic Geochemistry},\n  year      = {2016},\n  date      = {2016-01-07},\n  volume    = {94},\n  pages     = {12-20},\n  issn      = {01466380},\n  if        = {2.990},\n  snip      = {1.249},\n  abstract  = {Measurement of glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers (GDGTs) preserved in speleothems offers a potential proxy for past temperature but, in general, their origin is unknown. To understand the source of speleothem GDGTs, we undertook an irrigation experiment to activate drip sites within a hydrogeochemically well characterised cave. The cave drip water was analysed for GDGTs, inorganic elements (major ions and trace elements), stable isotopes and dissolved organic matter concentration and character. Published speleothem GDGT records from the site have been observed to be dominated by isoprenoid GDGTs and interpreted as deriving from in situ microbial communities within the cave or vadose zone. The drip water in our irrigation experiment had a GDGT distribution distinct from that of soil and speleothem samples, providing direct evidence that the distinctive GDGT signature in speleothems is derived from a subsurface source. Analysis of GDGTs in this context allowed further elucidation of their source and transport in cave systems, enhancing our understanding of how they might be used as a temperature proxy.},\n  doi       = {10.1016/j.orggeochem.2016.01.005},\n  keywords  = {Drip water,GDGT,Paleoclimate,Speleothem,Temperature},\n  publisher = {Elsevier Ltd},\n  type      = {Journal article},\n}\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  Measurement of glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers (GDGTs) preserved in speleothems offers a potential proxy for past temperature but, in general, their origin is unknown. To understand the source of speleothem GDGTs, we undertook an irrigation experiment to activate drip sites within a hydrogeochemically well characterised cave. The cave drip water was analysed for GDGTs, inorganic elements (major ions and trace elements), stable isotopes and dissolved organic matter concentration and character. Published speleothem GDGT records from the site have been observed to be dominated by isoprenoid GDGTs and interpreted as deriving from in situ microbial communities within the cave or vadose zone. The drip water in our irrigation experiment had a GDGT distribution distinct from that of soil and speleothem samples, providing direct evidence that the distinctive GDGT signature in speleothems is derived from a subsurface source. Analysis of GDGTs in this context allowed further elucidation of their source and transport in cave systems, enhancing our understanding of how they might be used as a temperature proxy.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"halloran-roshan-rau-andersen-calculatingwatersaturationfrompassivetemperaturemeasurementsinnearsurfacesedimentsdevelopmentofasemianalyticalmodel-2016\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  Calculating water saturation from passive temperature measurements in near-surface sediments: Development of a semi-analytical model.\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Halloran, L. J. S; Roshan, H.; <a class=\"bibbase author link\" href=\"https://gcrau.github.io/\">Rau, G. C.</a>;  and Andersen, M. S.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  <i>Advances in Water Resources</i>, 89: 67-79.  2016.\n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.org/10.1016/j.advwatres.2016.01.007\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('halloran-roshan-rau-andersen-calculatingwatersaturationfrompassivetemperaturemeasurementsinnearsurfacesedimentsdevelopmentofasemianalyticalmodel-2016', 'http://doi.org/10.1016/j.advwatres.2016.01.007', event.ctrlKey)\"\n     class=\"bibbase doi link\">\n    <span>doi</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/halloran-roshan-rau-andersen-calculatingwatersaturationfrompassivetemperaturemeasurementsinnearsurfacesedimentsdevelopmentofasemianalyticalmodel-2016\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('halloran-roshan-rau-andersen-calculatingwatersaturationfrompassivetemperaturemeasurementsinnearsurfacesedimentsdevelopmentofasemianalyticalmodel-2016')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@Article{Halloran-2016b,\n  author    = {Halloran, Landon J.S. S and Roshan, Hamid and Rau, Gabriel C. and Andersen, Martin S.},\n  title     = {{Calculating water saturation from passive temperature measurements in near-surface sediments: Development of a semi-analytical model}},\n  journal   = {Advances in Water Resources},\n  year      = {2016},\n  date      = {2016-01-20},\n  volume    = {89},\n  pages     = {67-79},\n  issn      = {03091708},\n  if        = {4.349},\n  snip      = {2.020},\n  abstract  = {A novel semi-analytical model for the calculation of water saturation levels in the near subsurface using passive temperature measurements is derived. The amplitude and phase of dominant natural diel temperature variations are exploited, although the solution is general so that a cyclical temperature signal of any period could be used. The model is based on the first-principles advection-conduction-dispersion equation, which is fully general for porous media. It requires a single independent soil moisture estimate, but directly considers the spatially variable saturation dependency of thermal conductivity which has been avoided in previous studies. An established empirical model for the thermal conductivity of variably saturated porous media is incorporated and two solutions for saturation are derived. Using data from numerical models, a spatially sequential implementation of one of these solutions is shown to predict the vertical saturation profile to within 2{\\%} for a hydraulically stable case and to within the saturation range observed over a single day for percolation rates up to 10 cm/day. The developed model and methodology can aid in the analysis of archived temperature data from the vadose zone and will serve as a powerful tool in future heat-tracing experiments in variably saturated conditions.},\n  doi       = {10.1016/j.advwatres.2016.01.007},\n  keywords  = {Applied thermodynamics,Heat-as-a-tracer,Hydrogeophysics,Porous media,Soil moisture,Vadose zone},\n  publisher = {Elsevier Ltd},\n  type      = {Journal article},\n}\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  A novel semi-analytical model for the calculation of water saturation levels in the near subsurface using passive temperature measurements is derived. The amplitude and phase of dominant natural diel temperature variations are exploited, although the solution is general so that a cyclical temperature signal of any period could be used. The model is based on the first-principles advection-conduction-dispersion equation, which is fully general for porous media. It requires a single independent soil moisture estimate, but directly considers the spatially variable saturation dependency of thermal conductivity which has been avoided in previous studies. An established empirical model for the thermal conductivity of variably saturated porous media is incorporated and two solutions for saturation are derived. Using data from numerical models, a spatially sequential implementation of one of these solutions is shown to predict the vertical saturation profile to within 2% for a hydraulically stable case and to within the saturation range observed over a single day for percolation rates up to 10 cm/day. The developed model and methodology can aid in the analysis of archived temperature data from the vadose zone and will serve as a powerful tool in future heat-tracing experiments in variably saturated conditions.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"markowska-baker-andersen-jex-cuthbert-rau-graham-rutlidge-etal-semiaridzonecavesevaporationandhydrologicalcontrolson18odripwatercompositionandimplicationsforspeleothempaleoclimatereconstructions-2016\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  Semi-arid zone caves: Evaporation and hydrological controls on δ18O drip water composition and implications for speleothem paleoclimate reconstructions.\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Markowska, M.; Baker, A.; Andersen, M. S.; Jex, C. N.; Cuthbert, M. O.; <a class=\"bibbase author link\" href=\"https://gcrau.github.io/\">Rau, G. C.</a>; Graham, P. W.; Rutlidge, H.; Mariethoz, G.; Marjo, C. E.; Treble, P. C.;  and Edwards, N.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  <i>Quaternary Science Reviews</i>, 131(Part B): 285-301.  2016.\n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2015.10.024\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('markowska-baker-andersen-jex-cuthbert-rau-graham-rutlidge-etal-semiaridzonecavesevaporationandhydrologicalcontrolson18odripwatercompositionandimplicationsforspeleothempaleoclimatereconstructions-2016', 'http://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2015.10.024', event.ctrlKey)\"\n     class=\"bibbase doi link\">\n    <span>doi</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/markowska-baker-andersen-jex-cuthbert-rau-graham-rutlidge-etal-semiaridzonecavesevaporationandhydrologicalcontrolson18odripwatercompositionandimplicationsforspeleothempaleoclimatereconstructions-2016\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('markowska-baker-andersen-jex-cuthbert-rau-graham-rutlidge-etal-semiaridzonecavesevaporationandhydrologicalcontrolson18odripwatercompositionandimplicationsforspeleothempaleoclimatereconstructions-2016')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@Article{Markowska-2016,\n  author    = {Markowska, Monika and Baker, Andy and Andersen, Martin S. and Jex, Catherine N. and Cuthbert, Mark O. and Rau, Gabriel C. and Graham, Peter W. and Rutlidge, Helen and Mariethoz, Gregoire and Marjo, Christopher E. and Treble, Pauline C. and Edwards, Nerilee},\n  title     = {{Semi-arid zone caves: Evaporation and hydrological controls on δ18O drip water composition and implications for speleothem paleoclimate reconstructions}},\n  journal   = {Quaternary Science Reviews},\n  year      = {2016},\n  date      = {2015-10-09},\n  volume    = {131},\n  number    = {Part B},\n  pages     = {285-301},\n  issn      = {02773791},\n  if        = {4.521},\n  snip      = {1.462},\n  abstract  = {Oxygen isotope ratios in speleothems may be affected by external processes that are independent of climate, such as karst hydrology and kinetic fractionation. Consequently, there has been a shift towards characterising and understanding these processes through cave monitoring studies, particularly focussing on temperate zones where precipitation exceeds evapotranspiration. Here, we investigate oxygen isotope systematics at Wellington Caves in semi-arid, SE Australia, where evapotranspiration exceeds precipitation. We use a novel D2O isotopic tracer in a series of artificial irrigations, supplemented by pre-irrigation data comprised four years of drip monitoring and three years of stable isotope analysis of both drip waters and rainfall. This study reveals that: (1) evaporative processes in the unsaturated zone dominate the isotopic composition of drip waters; (2) significant soil zone &#x27;wetting up&#x27; is required to overcome soil moisture deficits in order to achieve infiltration, which is highly dependent on antecedent hydro-climatic conditions; (3) lateral flow, preferential flow and sorption in the soil zone are important in redistributing subsurface zone water; (4) isotopic breakthrough curves suggest clear evidence of piston-flow at some drip sites where an older front of water discharged prior to artificial irrigation water; and (5) water residence times in a shallow vadose zone ({\\textless}2 m) are highly variable and can exceed six months. Oxygen isotope speleothem records from semi-arid regions are therefore more likely to contain archives of alternating paleo-aridity and paleo-recharge, rather than paleo-rainfall e.g. the amount effect or mean annual. Speleothem-forming drip waters will be dominated by evaporative enrichment, up to {\\~{}}3??? in the context of this study, relative to precipitation-weighted mean annual rainfall. The oxygen isotope variability of such coeval records may further be influenced by flow path and storage in the unsaturated zone that is not only drip specific but also influenced by internal cave climatic conditions, which may vary spatially in the cave.},\n  doi       = {10.1016/j.quascirev.2015.10.024},\n  keywords  = {Drip water,Evaporation,Paleoclimate,Semi-arid,Speleothem,Stable isotopes,Tracing},\n  publisher = {Elsevier},\n  type      = {Journal article},\n}\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  Oxygen isotope ratios in speleothems may be affected by external processes that are independent of climate, such as karst hydrology and kinetic fractionation. Consequently, there has been a shift towards characterising and understanding these processes through cave monitoring studies, particularly focussing on temperate zones where precipitation exceeds evapotranspiration. Here, we investigate oxygen isotope systematics at Wellington Caves in semi-arid, SE Australia, where evapotranspiration exceeds precipitation. We use a novel D2O isotopic tracer in a series of artificial irrigations, supplemented by pre-irrigation data comprised four years of drip monitoring and three years of stable isotope analysis of both drip waters and rainfall. This study reveals that: (1) evaporative processes in the unsaturated zone dominate the isotopic composition of drip waters; (2) significant soil zone 'wetting up' is required to overcome soil moisture deficits in order to achieve infiltration, which is highly dependent on antecedent hydro-climatic conditions; (3) lateral flow, preferential flow and sorption in the soil zone are important in redistributing subsurface zone water; (4) isotopic breakthrough curves suggest clear evidence of piston-flow at some drip sites where an older front of water discharged prior to artificial irrigation water; and (5) water residence times in a shallow vadose zone (\\textless2 m) are highly variable and can exceed six months. Oxygen isotope speleothem records from semi-arid regions are therefore more likely to contain archives of alternating paleo-aridity and paleo-recharge, rather than paleo-rainfall e.g. the amount effect or mean annual. Speleothem-forming drip waters will be dominated by evaporative enrichment, up to \\ 3??? in the context of this study, relative to precipitation-weighted mean annual rainfall. The oxygen isotope variability of such coeval records may further be influenced by flow path and storage in the unsaturated zone that is not only drip specific but also influenced by internal cave climatic conditions, which may vary spatially in the cave.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"mcdonough-iverach-beckmann-manefield-rau-baker-kelly-spatialvariabilityofcaveaircarbondioxideandmethaneconcentrationsandisotopiccompositionsinasemiaridkarstenvironment-2016\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  Spatial variability of cave-air carbon dioxide and methane concentrations and isotopic compositions in a semi-arid karst environment.\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  McDonough, L. K.; Iverach, C. P.; Beckmann, S.; Manefield, M.; <a class=\"bibbase author link\" href=\"https://gcrau.github.io/\">Rau, G. C</a>; Baker, A.;  and Kelly, B. F J\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  <i>Environmental Earth Sciences</i>, 75(8): 700.  2016.\n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-016-5497-5\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('mcdonough-iverach-beckmann-manefield-rau-baker-kelly-spatialvariabilityofcaveaircarbondioxideandmethaneconcentrationsandisotopiccompositionsinasemiaridkarstenvironment-2016', 'http://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-016-5497-5', event.ctrlKey)\"\n     class=\"bibbase doi link\">\n    <span>doi</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/mcdonough-iverach-beckmann-manefield-rau-baker-kelly-spatialvariabilityofcaveaircarbondioxideandmethaneconcentrationsandisotopiccompositionsinasemiaridkarstenvironment-2016\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('mcdonough-iverach-beckmann-manefield-rau-baker-kelly-spatialvariabilityofcaveaircarbondioxideandmethaneconcentrationsandisotopiccompositionsinasemiaridkarstenvironment-2016')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@Article{McDonough-2016,\n  author    = {McDonough, L. K. and Iverach, C. P. and Beckmann, S. and Manefield, M. and Rau, Gabriel C and Baker, A. and Kelly, B. F J},\n  title     = {{Spatial variability of cave-air carbon dioxide and methane concentrations and isotopic compositions in a semi-arid karst environment}},\n  journal   = {Environmental Earth Sciences},\n  year      = {2016},\n  date      = {2016-04-12},\n  volume    = {75},\n  number    = {8},\n  pages     = {700},\n  issn      = {1866-6280},\n  if        = {1.765},\n  snip      = {1.001},\n  abstract  = {There is insufficient information on the movement of air in karst environments to constrain the uncertainty associated with quantifying sources and sinks of methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2) within caves for global carbon accounting. We analysed cave-air samples for their CO2 and CH4 concentrations ([CO2] and [CH4]) and carbon isotopic compositions from sampling campaigns in winter (August 2014) and summer (February 2015) at numerous heights and locations throughout Gaden and Cathedral caves, in a semi-arid environment, Wellington Caves, NSW, Australia. Ventilation is the dominant control on cave-air CO2 and CH4, with the highest cave-air CO2 concentrations ([CO2]cave) occurring in summer, in association with the lowest cave-air CH4 concentrations ([CH4]cave). Analyses show that the cave-air CO2 has both atmospheric and soil sources. Soil air and cave air in both caves undergo methanogenesis and methanotrophy, but we identify cave-specific differences in cave-air CH4 and CO2. [CH4]cave in Cathedral Cave shows an inverse relationship to [CO2]cave, particularly in areas separated from the main cave passage. In contrast, Gaden Cave has near-atmospheric [CH4]cave and isotopic ratios present at all locations sampled in winter. Where no ventilation is occurring in summer, [CH4]cave in Gaden Cave decreases, but remains reasonably high compared to Cathedral Cave. Our research shows adjacent caves vary in their ability to act as a net sink for CH4, and highlights the need for further studies before global generalisations can be made about the carbon budget of karst environments.},\n  doi       = {10.1007/s12665-016-5497-5},\n  keywords  = {Carbon dioxide,Caves,Isotopic ratio,Karst,Methane sink,Semi-arid},\n  publisher = {Springer Berlin Heidelberg},\n  type      = {Journal article},\n}\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  There is insufficient information on the movement of air in karst environments to constrain the uncertainty associated with quantifying sources and sinks of methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2) within caves for global carbon accounting. We analysed cave-air samples for their CO2 and CH4 concentrations ([CO2] and [CH4]) and carbon isotopic compositions from sampling campaigns in winter (August 2014) and summer (February 2015) at numerous heights and locations throughout Gaden and Cathedral caves, in a semi-arid environment, Wellington Caves, NSW, Australia. Ventilation is the dominant control on cave-air CO2 and CH4, with the highest cave-air CO2 concentrations ([CO2]cave) occurring in summer, in association with the lowest cave-air CH4 concentrations ([CH4]cave). Analyses show that the cave-air CO2 has both atmospheric and soil sources. Soil air and cave air in both caves undergo methanogenesis and methanotrophy, but we identify cave-specific differences in cave-air CH4 and CO2. [CH4]cave in Cathedral Cave shows an inverse relationship to [CO2]cave, particularly in areas separated from the main cave passage. In contrast, Gaden Cave has near-atmospheric [CH4]cave and isotopic ratios present at all locations sampled in winter. Where no ventilation is occurring in summer, [CH4]cave in Gaden Cave decreases, but remains reasonably high compared to Cathedral Cave. Our research shows adjacent caves vary in their ability to act as a net sink for CH4, and highlights the need for further studies before global generalisations can be made about the carbon budget of karst environments.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"turner-rau-austin-andersen-groundwaterfluxesandflowpathswithincoastalbarriersobservationsfromalargescalelaboratoryexperimentbardexii-2016\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  Groundwater fluxes and flow paths within coastal barriers: Observations from a large-scale laboratory experiment (BARDEX II).\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Turner, I. L.; <a class=\"bibbase author link\" href=\"https://gcrau.github.io/\">Rau, G. C.</a>; Austin, M. J.;  and Andersen, M. S.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  <i>Coastal Engineering</i>, 113(BARDEX II Special Issue): 104-116.  2016.\n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.org/10.1016/j.coastaleng.2015.08.004\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('turner-rau-austin-andersen-groundwaterfluxesandflowpathswithincoastalbarriersobservationsfromalargescalelaboratoryexperimentbardexii-2016', 'http://doi.org/10.1016/j.coastaleng.2015.08.004', event.ctrlKey)\"\n     class=\"bibbase doi link\">\n    <span>doi</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/turner-rau-austin-andersen-groundwaterfluxesandflowpathswithincoastalbarriersobservationsfromalargescalelaboratoryexperimentbardexii-2016\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('turner-rau-austin-andersen-groundwaterfluxesandflowpathswithincoastalbarriersobservationsfromalargescalelaboratoryexperimentbardexii-2016')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@Article{Turner-2016,\n  author    = {Turner, Ian L. and Rau, Gabriel C. and Austin, Martin J. and Andersen, Martin S.},\n  title     = {{Groundwater fluxes and flow paths within coastal barriers: Observations from a large-scale laboratory experiment (BARDEX II)}},\n  journal   = {Coastal Engineering},\n  year      = {2016},\n  date      = {2015-08-04},\n  volume    = {113},\n  number    = {BARDEX II Special Issue},\n  pages     = {104-116},\n  issn      = {03783839},\n  if        = {2.841},\n  snip      = {2.156},\n  abstract  = {The dynamics of groundwater at the beach face land???ocean boundary have important implications to the exchange of water, nutrients, and pollutants between the ocean and coastal aquifers, and more subtly, varying groundwater levels may induce differing morphological response at the beach face. As a component of the multi-institution Barrier Dynamics Experiment (BARDEX II), groundwater fluxes and flow paths within a prototype-scale sandy barrier are quantified and reported at the three fundamental spatio-temporal scales (individual waves, the beach face, and total barrier), under controlled wave and water level conditions. A particular feature of the experimental programme was the inclusion of a back-barrier ???lagoon???, that via a pump system and an intermediate water reservoir enabled the forcing of contrasting hydraulic gradients across the barrier. It was observed that the groundwater level, flow paths, and fluxes within the beach face region of the sand barrier were predominantly controlled by the action of waves at the beach face, regardless of the overall seaward- or landward-directed barrier-scale hydraulic gradients. In the presence of waves, all tests undertaken to complete this study developed a seaward gradient in this zone under the influence of waves. As a further result of wave forcing at the beach face boundary, localised groundwater flow divides were observed to develop, further partitioning the circulation and flow paths of groundwater within the prototype-scale sand barrier.},\n  doi       = {10.1016/j.coastaleng.2015.08.004},\n  keywords  = {Beach groundwater,Coastal aquifer,Coastal hydrogeology,Physical modelling,Swash in/exfiltration},\n  language  = {English},\n  publisher = {Elsevier B.V.},\n  type      = {Journal article},\n}\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  The dynamics of groundwater at the beach face land???ocean boundary have important implications to the exchange of water, nutrients, and pollutants between the ocean and coastal aquifers, and more subtly, varying groundwater levels may induce differing morphological response at the beach face. As a component of the multi-institution Barrier Dynamics Experiment (BARDEX II), groundwater fluxes and flow paths within a prototype-scale sandy barrier are quantified and reported at the three fundamental spatio-temporal scales (individual waves, the beach face, and total barrier), under controlled wave and water level conditions. A particular feature of the experimental programme was the inclusion of a back-barrier ???lagoon???, that via a pump system and an intermediate water reservoir enabled the forcing of contrasting hydraulic gradients across the barrier. It was observed that the groundwater level, flow paths, and fluxes within the beach face region of the sand barrier were predominantly controlled by the action of waves at the beach face, regardless of the overall seaward- or landward-directed barrier-scale hydraulic gradients. In the presence of waves, all tests undertaken to complete this study developed a seaward gradient in this zone under the influence of waves. As a further result of wave forcing at the beach face boundary, localised groundwater flow divides were observed to develop, further partitioning the circulation and flow paths of groundwater within the prototype-scale sand barrier.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"rau-turner-austin-andersen-experimentalinvestigationoftheflowdynamicswithinsandycoastalbarriersunderdifferentwaterlevelandwaveconditions-2016\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  Experimental investigation of the flow dynamics within sandy coastal barriers under different water level and wave conditions.\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  <a class=\"bibbase author link\" href=\"https://gcrau.github.io/\">Rau, G. C.</a>; Turner, I. L.; Austin, M. J.;  and Andersen, M. S.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n   2016.<!-- NOTE FROM BIBBASE: This entry has an invalid bibtex entry type: conference. Therefore, we don't know how to render it properly. Please consider fixing this. -->\n  <span class=\"note\">Conference presentation</span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/rau-turner-austin-andersen-experimentalinvestigationoftheflowdynamicswithinsandycoastalbarriersunderdifferentwaterlevelandwaveconditions-2016\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('rau-turner-austin-andersen-experimentalinvestigationoftheflowdynamicswithinsandycoastalbarriersunderdifferentwaterlevelandwaveconditions-2016')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@Conference{Rau-2016-conf,\n  author    = {Rau, Gabriel C. and Turner, Ian L. and Austin, Martin J. and Andersen, Martin S.},\n  title     = {Experimental investigation of the flow dynamics within sandy coastal barriers under different water level and wave conditions},\n  year      = {2016},\n  note      = {Conference presentation},\n  booktitle = {24th Salt Water Intrusion Meeting and the 4th Asia-Pacific Coastal Aquifer Management Meeting},\n  datespan  = {4-8 July 2016},\n  location  = {Carins, Australia},\n  name      = {24th Salt Water Intrusion Meeting and the 4th Asia-Pacific Coastal Aquifer Management Meeting},\n  type      = {Conference presentation},\n}\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"halloran-rau-kennedy-li-roshan-andersen-appliedthermalmethodsinunsaturatedzonehydrology-2016\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  Applied thermal methods in unsaturated zone hydrology.\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Halloran, L.; <a class=\"bibbase author link\" href=\"https://gcrau.github.io/\">Rau, G. C</a>; Kennedy, J.; Li, C.; Roshan, H;  and Andersen, M.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n   2016.<!-- NOTE FROM BIBBASE: This entry has an invalid bibtex entry type: conference. Therefore, we don't know how to render it properly. Please consider fixing this. -->\n  <span class=\"note\">Conference poster</span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/halloran-rau-kennedy-li-roshan-andersen-appliedthermalmethodsinunsaturatedzonehydrology-2016\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('halloran-rau-kennedy-li-roshan-andersen-appliedthermalmethodsinunsaturatedzonehydrology-2016')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@Conference{Halloran-,\n  author        = {Halloran, LJ and Rau, Gabriel C and Kennedy, JP and Li, CP and Roshan, H and Andersen, MS},\n  title         = {Applied thermal methods in unsaturated zone hydrology},\n  year          = {2016},\n  organization  = {Sydney, NSW},\n  note          = {Conference poster},\n  __markedentry = {[z3229417:6]},\n  booktitle     = {International Conference on Porous Media \\&amp; First Annual Meeting of Australian Chapter of InterPore},\n  conference    = {International Conference on Porous Media \\&amp; First Annual Meeting of Australian Chapter of InterPore},\n  datespan      = {30 Nov - 2 Dec 2016},\n  type          = {Conference poster},\n}\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"andersen-eberhard-rutlidge-rau-auhl-moll-biogeochemicalprocessesinthehyporheiczonetheroleofflowregimeincontrollinghabitat-2016\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"http://www.esa2016.org.au/\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'andersen-eberhard-rutlidge-rau-auhl-moll-biogeochemicalprocessesinthehyporheiczonetheroleofflowregimeincontrollinghabitat-2016', 'http://www.esa2016.org.au/', event);\">\n    Biogeochemical processes in the hyporheic zone: the role of flow regime in controlling habitat.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Andersen, M.; Eberhard, S.; Rutlidge, H; <a class=\"bibbase author link\" href=\"https://gcrau.github.io/\">Rau, G. C</a>; Auhl, A;  and Moll, C\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  Nov 2016.<!-- NOTE FROM BIBBASE: This entry has an invalid bibtex entry type: conference. Therefore, we don't know how to render it properly. Please consider fixing this. -->\n  <span class=\"note\">Conference presentation</span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://www.esa2016.org.au/\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('andersen-eberhard-rutlidge-rau-auhl-moll-biogeochemicalprocessesinthehyporheiczonetheroleofflowregimeincontrollinghabitat-2016', 'http://www.esa2016.org.au/', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"Biogeochemical processes in the hyporheic zone: the role of flow regime in controlling habitat. [link]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/andersen-eberhard-rutlidge-rau-auhl-moll-biogeochemicalprocessesinthehyporheiczonetheroleofflowregimeincontrollinghabitat-2016\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('andersen-eberhard-rutlidge-rau-auhl-moll-biogeochemicalprocessesinthehyporheiczonetheroleofflowregimeincontrollinghabitat-2016')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@Conference{Andersen-2016,\n  author        = {Andersen, MS and Eberhard, SM and Rutlidge, H and Rau, Gabriel C and Auhl, A and Moll, C},\n  title         = {Biogeochemical processes in the hyporheic zone: the role of flow regime in controlling habitat.},\n  year          = {2016},\n  month         = {Nov},\n  note          = {Conference presentation},\n  __markedentry = {[z3229417:6]},\n  abstract      = {Flow of water is essential to provide food (organic matter - OM), nutrients (e.g. N and P) and electron acceptors (e.g. oxygen, nitrate, etc.) for groundwater-dependent ecosystems. In the hyporheic zone, subsurface flows may have multiple sources, i.e. regional groundwater or surface water via hyporheic exchange. These water sources may have very different chemical composition in terms of nutrients, electron acceptors and OM and its quality (i.e. reactivity). Regional groundwater tends to be geochemically evolved and has low concentrations of labile OM. In contrast, surface water has higher concentrations of labile OM. Hence down-welling surface water leads to steep redox-gradients along hyporheic flow paths caused by rapid degradation of OM. As a consequence contrasting subsurface environmental conditions can be formed depending on the source of water, with a range of redox-conditions from oxic to anoxic. Up-welling oxic groundwater will support ecosystems with higher trophic levels (i.e. invertebrates) whereas anoxic conditions will lead to an anaerobic microbe-dominated ecosystem. Altering the flow regime in hyporheic systems will change the hydrogeochemical conditions, OM degradation and microbial processes, and the habitat for invertebrates. For instance depriving streams of their groundwater contribution (e.g. due to groundwater abstraction) could decrease amount and duration of surface flow, enhance down-welling of surface water and alter water quality towards more anoxic conditions. This has significant implications for ecohydrological processes and ecosystem functioning in the hyporheic zone. This presentation will explore these processes by theoretical considerations and field studies undertaken at Maules Creek, NSW.},\n  booktitle     = {Ecological Society of Australia Annual Conference},\n  conference    = {Ecological Society of Australia Annual Conference},\n  datsespan     = {28 Nov - 2 Dec 2016},\n  location      = {Fremantle Western Australia},\n  type          = {Conference presentation},\n  url           = {http://www.esa2016.org.au/},\n}\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  Flow of water is essential to provide food (organic matter - OM), nutrients (e.g. N and P) and electron acceptors (e.g. oxygen, nitrate, etc.) for groundwater-dependent ecosystems. In the hyporheic zone, subsurface flows may have multiple sources, i.e. regional groundwater or surface water via hyporheic exchange. These water sources may have very different chemical composition in terms of nutrients, electron acceptors and OM and its quality (i.e. reactivity). Regional groundwater tends to be geochemically evolved and has low concentrations of labile OM. In contrast, surface water has higher concentrations of labile OM. Hence down-welling surface water leads to steep redox-gradients along hyporheic flow paths caused by rapid degradation of OM. As a consequence contrasting subsurface environmental conditions can be formed depending on the source of water, with a range of redox-conditions from oxic to anoxic. Up-welling oxic groundwater will support ecosystems with higher trophic levels (i.e. invertebrates) whereas anoxic conditions will lead to an anaerobic microbe-dominated ecosystem. Altering the flow regime in hyporheic systems will change the hydrogeochemical conditions, OM degradation and microbial processes, and the habitat for invertebrates. For instance depriving streams of their groundwater contribution (e.g. due to groundwater abstraction) could decrease amount and duration of surface flow, enhance down-welling of surface water and alter water quality towards more anoxic conditions. This has significant implications for ecohydrological processes and ecosystem functioning in the hyporheic zone. This presentation will explore these processes by theoretical considerations and field studies undertaken at Maules Creek, NSW.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"andersen-rutlidge-eberhard-auhl-rau-couplingofflowandbiogeochemicalprocessescontrollingtheenvironmentalconditionsinthehyporheiczoneimplicationsforthestreambedhabitat-2016\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"https://fallmeeting.agu.org/2016/#\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'andersen-rutlidge-eberhard-auhl-rau-couplingofflowandbiogeochemicalprocessescontrollingtheenvironmentalconditionsinthehyporheiczoneimplicationsforthestreambedhabitat-2016', 'https://fallmeeting.agu.org/2016/#', event);\">\n    Coupling of flow and biogeochemical processes controlling the environmental conditions in the hyporheic zone: Implications for the streambed habitat.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Andersen, M.; Rutlidge, H; Eberhard; Auhl;  and <a class=\"bibbase author link\" href=\"https://gcrau.github.io/\">Rau, G. C</a>\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n   2016.<!-- NOTE FROM BIBBASE: This entry has an invalid bibtex entry type: conference. Therefore, we don't know how to render it properly. Please consider fixing this. -->\n  <span class=\"note\">Conference presentation</span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"https://fallmeeting.agu.org/2016/#\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('andersen-rutlidge-eberhard-auhl-rau-couplingofflowandbiogeochemicalprocessescontrollingtheenvironmentalconditionsinthehyporheiczoneimplicationsforthestreambedhabitat-2016', 'https://fallmeeting.agu.org/2016/#', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"Coupling of flow and biogeochemical processes controlling the environmental conditions in the hyporheic zone: Implications for the streambed habitat [link]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/andersen-rutlidge-eberhard-auhl-rau-couplingofflowandbiogeochemicalprocessescontrollingtheenvironmentalconditionsinthehyporheiczoneimplicationsforthestreambedhabitat-2016\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('andersen-rutlidge-eberhard-auhl-rau-couplingofflowandbiogeochemicalprocessescontrollingtheenvironmentalconditionsinthehyporheiczoneimplicationsforthestreambedhabitat-2016')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@Conference{Andersen-2016a,\n  author        = {Andersen, MS and Rutlidge, H and Eberhard and Auhl and Rau, Gabriel C},\n  title         = {Coupling of flow and biogeochemical processes controlling the environmental conditions in the hyporheic zone: Implications for the streambed habitat},\n  year          = {2016},\n  organization  = {San Francisco, USA},\n  note          = {Conference presentation},\n  __markedentry = {[z3229417:6]},\n  abstract      = {The hyporheic zone of streams not only connects groundwater and surface water, but is essential for nutrient and carbon cycling and provides crucial habitat for organisms (termed hyporheos). Here we demonstrate how flow (groundwater discharge and hyporheic exchange) and biogeochemical processes interact to form environmental conditions and habitat for hyporheos. This provides the understanding to assess how hyporheic conditions may be altered by changing flow paths caused by flow perturbations such as groundwater pumping. The studied reaches in the Maules Creek Catchment in New South Wales, Australia, comprise intermittent losing, perennial gaining and perennial losing sections, and are therefore well-suited to study how different flow paths affect water quality. Surface water, hyporheic zone pore water (at depths between 0.4 and 0.8 m), and groundwater from monitoring bores, was sampled and analysed for water quality and hyporheos. For each hyporheic site the hydraulic potential for upwelling or down-welling was measured by the vertical hydraulic head difference. Upwelling regional groundwater was generally oxic with detectable nitrate and low DOC (dissolved organic carbon). On the other hand, hyporheic water in down-welling zones became anoxic at shallow depths (&lt; 1 m), with dissolved reduced species such as Fe2+, Mn2+ and NH4+ and no O2, forming a steep vertical redox gradient from the streambed into the sediment. Upwelling hyporheic water (originating from the stream) was found to have a similar hydrochemical signature. These zones did not support habitat for hyporheic invertebrates because metazoan organisms cannot permanently inhabit anoxic environments. No invertebrates were found for Fe2+ concentrations above 2 mg/L. The hyporheos in these zones appeared to be dominated by anaerobic microbes including Fe-reducing bacteria. Our results show that flow conditions affect water quality, which in turn regulates the habitat of hyporheic invertebrates as they will not exist under anoxic conditions. The results have implications for understanding the ecological responses of the hyporheic zone to perturbations which affect flow and biogeochemical processes.},\n  booktitle     = {AGU Fall Meeting 2016},\n  conference    = {American Geophysical Union Fall Meeting},\n  datespan      = {12-16 Dec 2016},\n  type          = {Conference presentation},\n  url           = {https://fallmeeting.agu.org/2016/#},\n}\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  The hyporheic zone of streams not only connects groundwater and surface water, but is essential for nutrient and carbon cycling and provides crucial habitat for organisms (termed hyporheos). Here we demonstrate how flow (groundwater discharge and hyporheic exchange) and biogeochemical processes interact to form environmental conditions and habitat for hyporheos. This provides the understanding to assess how hyporheic conditions may be altered by changing flow paths caused by flow perturbations such as groundwater pumping. The studied reaches in the Maules Creek Catchment in New South Wales, Australia, comprise intermittent losing, perennial gaining and perennial losing sections, and are therefore well-suited to study how different flow paths affect water quality. Surface water, hyporheic zone pore water (at depths between 0.4 and 0.8 m), and groundwater from monitoring bores, was sampled and analysed for water quality and hyporheos. For each hyporheic site the hydraulic potential for upwelling or down-welling was measured by the vertical hydraulic head difference. Upwelling regional groundwater was generally oxic with detectable nitrate and low DOC (dissolved organic carbon). On the other hand, hyporheic water in down-welling zones became anoxic at shallow depths (< 1 m), with dissolved reduced species such as Fe2+, Mn2+ and NH4+ and no O2, forming a steep vertical redox gradient from the streambed into the sediment. Upwelling hyporheic water (originating from the stream) was found to have a similar hydrochemical signature. These zones did not support habitat for hyporheic invertebrates because metazoan organisms cannot permanently inhabit anoxic environments. No invertebrates were found for Fe2+ concentrations above 2 mg/L. The hyporheos in these zones appeared to be dominated by anaerobic microbes including Fe-reducing bacteria. Our results show that flow conditions affect water quality, which in turn regulates the habitat of hyporheic invertebrates as they will not exist under anoxic conditions. The results have implications for understanding the ecological responses of the hyporheic zone to perturbations which affect flow and biogeochemical processes.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n\n\n\n    </div>\n  </div>\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_group_whole\" id=\"group_2015\">\n    <div class=\"bibbase_group\"\n      onclick=\"toggleGroup('group_2015')\"\n      onkeypress=\"toggleGroup('group_2015')\"\n      tabindex=\"0\">\n      <i class=\"fa fa-angle-down bibbase_group_head_icon\"></i>&nbsp;\n      <span>2015</span>\n      <span class=\"bibbase_group_count\">\n        \n        (16)\n        \n      </span>\n    </div>\n    <div class=\"bibbase_group_body\">\n      \n  \n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"acworth-rau-mccallum-andersen-cuthbert-understandingconnectedsurfacewatergroundwatersystemsusingfourieranalysisofdailyandsubdailyheadfluctuations-2015\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  Understanding connected surface-water/groundwater systems using Fourier analysis of daily and sub-daily head fluctuations.\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Acworth, R. I.; <a class=\"bibbase author link\" href=\"https://gcrau.github.io/\">Rau, G. C.</a>; McCallum, A. M.; Andersen, M. S.;  and Cuthbert, M. O.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  <i>Hydrogeology Journal</i>, 23(1): 143-159.  2015.\n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.org/10.1007/s10040-014-1182-5\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('acworth-rau-mccallum-andersen-cuthbert-understandingconnectedsurfacewatergroundwatersystemsusingfourieranalysisofdailyandsubdailyheadfluctuations-2015', 'http://doi.org/10.1007/s10040-014-1182-5', event.ctrlKey)\"\n     class=\"bibbase doi link\">\n    <span>doi</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/acworth-rau-mccallum-andersen-cuthbert-understandingconnectedsurfacewatergroundwatersystemsusingfourieranalysisofdailyandsubdailyheadfluctuations-2015\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('acworth-rau-mccallum-andersen-cuthbert-understandingconnectedsurfacewatergroundwatersystemsusingfourieranalysisofdailyandsubdailyheadfluctuations-2015')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@Article{Acworth-2015,\n  author    = {Acworth, R. I. and Rau, Gabriel C. and McCallum, Andrew M. and Andersen, Martin S. and Cuthbert, Mark O.},\n  title     = {{Understanding connected surface-water/groundwater systems using Fourier analysis of daily and sub-daily head fluctuations}},\n  journal   = {Hydrogeology Journal},\n  year      = {2015},\n  date      = {2014-09-05},\n  volume    = {23},\n  number    = {1},\n  pages     = {143-159},\n  issn      = {1431-2174},\n  if        = {2.028},\n  snip      = {1.185},\n  abstract  = {The long-term monitoring records of hydraulic heads frequently contain fluctuations originating from different cyclic drivers. Fourier analysis applied to these records can reveal connected surface-water/groundwater system characteristics. The various components of the atmospheric tides, the earth tides and the presence of diurnal responses to evapotranspiration are identified and isolated through band-pass filtering of data recorded from both vented and absolute gauge transducers. The signature of the different cyclic drivers is contained in amplitude and phase of the various signal components and can be used to determine the degree of system confinement. A methodology is described for the calculation of barometric efficiency in confined aquifers based upon the amplitude of the M 2 and S 2 components of the earth and atmospheric tides. It is demonstrated that Fourier analysis of water-level fluctuations is a simple but underused tool that can help to characterise shallow groundwater systems.},\n  doi       = {10.1007/s10040-014-1182-5},\n  isbn      = {1431-2174},\n  keywords  = {analytical solutions,australia,confining units,groundwater hydraulics,groundwater/surface-water relations},\n  language  = {English},\n  publisher = {Springer Berlin Heidelberg},\n  type      = {Journal article},\n}\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  The long-term monitoring records of hydraulic heads frequently contain fluctuations originating from different cyclic drivers. Fourier analysis applied to these records can reveal connected surface-water/groundwater system characteristics. The various components of the atmospheric tides, the earth tides and the presence of diurnal responses to evapotranspiration are identified and isolated through band-pass filtering of data recorded from both vented and absolute gauge transducers. The signature of the different cyclic drivers is contained in amplitude and phase of the various signal components and can be used to determine the degree of system confinement. A methodology is described for the calculation of barometric efficiency in confined aquifers based upon the amplitude of the M 2 and S 2 components of the earth and atmospheric tides. It is demonstrated that Fourier analysis of water-level fluctuations is a simple but underused tool that can help to characterise shallow groundwater systems.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"rau-cuthbert-andersen-baker-rutlidge-markowska-roshan-marjo-etal-controlsoncavedripwatertemperatureandimplicationsforspeleothembasedpaleoclimatereconstructions-2015\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  Controls on cave drip water temperature and implications for speleothem-based paleoclimate reconstructions.\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  <a class=\"bibbase author link\" href=\"https://gcrau.github.io/\">Rau, G. C.</a>; Cuthbert, M. O.; Andersen, M. S.; Baker, A.; Rutlidge, H.; Markowska, M.; Roshan, H.; Marjo, C. E.; Graham, P. W.;  and Acworth, R. I.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  <i>Quaternary Science Reviews</i>, 127: 19-36.  2015.\n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2015.03.026\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('rau-cuthbert-andersen-baker-rutlidge-markowska-roshan-marjo-etal-controlsoncavedripwatertemperatureandimplicationsforspeleothembasedpaleoclimatereconstructions-2015', 'http://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2015.03.026', event.ctrlKey)\"\n     class=\"bibbase doi link\">\n    <span>doi</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/rau-cuthbert-andersen-baker-rutlidge-markowska-roshan-marjo-etal-controlsoncavedripwatertemperatureandimplicationsforspeleothembasedpaleoclimatereconstructions-2015\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('rau-cuthbert-andersen-baker-rutlidge-markowska-roshan-marjo-etal-controlsoncavedripwatertemperatureandimplicationsforspeleothembasedpaleoclimatereconstructions-2015')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@Article{Rau-2015,\n  author    = {Rau, Gabriel C. and Cuthbert, Mark O. and Andersen, Martin S. and Baker, Andy and Rutlidge, Helen and Markowska, Monika and Roshan, Hamid and Marjo, Christopher E. and Graham, Peter W. and Acworth, R. Ian},\n  title     = {{Controls on cave drip water temperature and implications for speleothem-based paleoclimate reconstructions}},\n  journal   = {Quaternary Science Reviews},\n  year      = {2015},\n  date      = {2015-03-28},\n  volume    = {127},\n  pages     = {19-36},\n  issn      = {02773791},\n  if        = {4.521},\n  snip      = {1.462},\n  abstract  = {While several studies explore cave climate and thermal regimes, little is known about the controls on cave drip water temperature. Yet water temperature significantly influences biogeochemical processes associated with cave drips. To identify the processes that control the cave drip water temperature, we measured the temperatures at multiple locations along a speleothem flow path and drip sources (stalactites) concurrently with the drip rates in Cathedral Cave, Wellington, Australia. We monitored long-term drip water temperature, drip rates, surface and cave climate and in-cave evaporation rates and conducted 3 infiltration experiments with different flow, temperature and isotopic conditions. Our results show that the drip water temperature is controlled by multiple superimposed heat transport mechanisms that act upon the infiltrating water in the epikarst, the water film after it enters the cave and before it becomes a drip. The two main heat sources/sinks for drip water are the cave air and the surrounding rock. The subsurface temperature is coupled to the surface temperature by conduction through the soil and rock mass, but the cave climate is also coupled to the surface climate by venting. On a regional scale, drip temperatures are mainly driven by the annual ground surface temperature signal but damped with depth and shifted in time compared to the surface. On a local scale, the drip water temperature can differ significantly from cave air and speleothem temperature due to the latent heat exchange of evaporation and localised water film convection. The main controls are ground surface temperature, subsurface depth, air density induced ventilation, distance from entry and drip rate. We present a conceptual model that explains drip water temperature signals and provide signal driven guidance on best type and location for speleothem sampling. We anticipate that our results will significantly improve the understanding of temperature-dependent paleoclimate signals from speleothem archives.},\n  doi       = {10.1016/j.quascirev.2015.03.026},\n  keywords  = {Drip water temperature,Paleoclimate archive,Speleology heat transport,Speleometeorology},\n  language  = {English},\n  publisher = {Elsevier {BV}},\n  type      = {Journal article},\n}\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  While several studies explore cave climate and thermal regimes, little is known about the controls on cave drip water temperature. Yet water temperature significantly influences biogeochemical processes associated with cave drips. To identify the processes that control the cave drip water temperature, we measured the temperatures at multiple locations along a speleothem flow path and drip sources (stalactites) concurrently with the drip rates in Cathedral Cave, Wellington, Australia. We monitored long-term drip water temperature, drip rates, surface and cave climate and in-cave evaporation rates and conducted 3 infiltration experiments with different flow, temperature and isotopic conditions. Our results show that the drip water temperature is controlled by multiple superimposed heat transport mechanisms that act upon the infiltrating water in the epikarst, the water film after it enters the cave and before it becomes a drip. The two main heat sources/sinks for drip water are the cave air and the surrounding rock. The subsurface temperature is coupled to the surface temperature by conduction through the soil and rock mass, but the cave climate is also coupled to the surface climate by venting. On a regional scale, drip temperatures are mainly driven by the annual ground surface temperature signal but damped with depth and shifted in time compared to the surface. On a local scale, the drip water temperature can differ significantly from cave air and speleothem temperature due to the latent heat exchange of evaporation and localised water film convection. The main controls are ground surface temperature, subsurface depth, air density induced ventilation, distance from entry and drip rate. We present a conceptual model that explains drip water temperature signals and provide signal driven guidance on best type and location for speleothem sampling. We anticipate that our results will significantly improve the understanding of temperature-dependent paleoclimate signals from speleothem archives.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"rau-cuthbert-mccallum-halloran-andersen-assessingtheaccuracyof1danalyticalheattracingforestimatingnearsurfacesedimentthermaldiffusivityandwaterfluxundertransientconditions-2015\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  Assessing the accuracy of 1-D analytical heat tracing for estimating near-surface sediment thermal diffusivity and water flux under transient conditions.\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  <a class=\"bibbase author link\" href=\"https://gcrau.github.io/\">Rau, G. C.</a>; Cuthbert, M. O.; McCallum, A. M.; Halloran, L. J S;  and Andersen, M. S.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  <i>Journal of Geophysical Research F: Earth Surface</i>, 120(8): 1551-1573.  2015.\n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.org/10.1002/2015JF003466\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('rau-cuthbert-mccallum-halloran-andersen-assessingtheaccuracyof1danalyticalheattracingforestimatingnearsurfacesedimentthermaldiffusivityandwaterfluxundertransientconditions-2015', 'http://doi.org/10.1002/2015JF003466', event.ctrlKey)\"\n     class=\"bibbase doi link\">\n    <span>doi</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/rau-cuthbert-mccallum-halloran-andersen-assessingtheaccuracyof1danalyticalheattracingforestimatingnearsurfacesedimentthermaldiffusivityandwaterfluxundertransientconditions-2015\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('rau-cuthbert-mccallum-halloran-andersen-assessingtheaccuracyof1danalyticalheattracingforestimatingnearsurfacesedimentthermaldiffusivityandwaterfluxundertransientconditions-2015')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@Article{Rau-2015a,\n  author   = {Rau, Gabriel C. and Cuthbert, Mark O. and McCallum, Andrew M. and Halloran, Landon J S and Andersen, Martin S.},\n  title    = {{Assessing the accuracy of 1-D analytical heat tracing for estimating near-surface sediment thermal diffusivity and water flux under transient conditions}},\n  journal  = {Journal of Geophysical Research F: Earth Surface},\n  year     = {2015},\n  date     = {2015-07-18},\n  volume   = {120},\n  number   = {8},\n  pages    = {1551-1573},\n  issn     = {21699011},\n  if       = {3.318},\n  snip     = {1.280},\n  abstract = {?2015. American Geophysical Union. All Rights Reserved.Amplitude decay and phase delay of oscillating temperature records measured at two vertical locations in near-surface sediments can be used to infer water fluxes, thermal diffusivity, and sediment scour/deposition. While methods that rely on the harmonics-based analytical heat transport solution assume a steady state water flux, many applications have reported transient fluxes but ignored the possible violation of this assumption in the method. Here we use natural heat tracing as an example to investigate the extent to which changes in the water flux, and associated temperature signal nonstationarity, can be separated from other influences. We systematically scrutinize the assumption of steady state flow in analytical heat tracing and test the capabilities of the method to detect the timing and magnitude of flux transients. A numerical model was used to synthesize the temperature response to different step and ramp changes in advective thermal velocity magnitude and direction for both a single-frequency and multifrequency temperature boundary. Time-variable temperature amplitude and phase information were extracted from the model output with different signal-processing methods. We show that a worst-case transient flux induces a temperature nonstationarity, the duration of which is less than 1 cycle for realistic sediment thermal diffusivities between 0.02 and 0.13 m{\\textless}sup{\\textgreater}2{\\textless}/sup{\\textgreater}/d. However, common signal-processing methods introduce erroneous temporal spreading of advective thermal velocities and significant anomalies in thermal diffusivities or sensor spacing, which is used as an analogue for streambed scour/deposition. The most time-variant spectral filter can introduce errors of up to 57{\\%} in velocity and 33{\\%} in thermal diffusivity values with artifacts spanning ?2 days around the occurrence of rapid changes in flux. Further, our results show that analytical heat tracing is unable to accurately resolve highly time-variant fluxes and thermal diffusivities and does not allow for the inference of scour/depositional processes due to the limitations of signal processing in disentangling flux-related signal nonstationarities from those stemming from other sources. To prevent erroneous interpretations, hydrometric data should always be acquired in combination with temperature records.},\n  doi      = {10.1002/2015JF003466},\n  isbn     = {6001861827366},\n  keywords = {harmonic signal extraction,heat as a tracer,sediment scour/deposition,signal nonstationarity,temperature records,transient water fluxes},\n  type     = {Journal article},\n}\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  ?2015. American Geophysical Union. All Rights Reserved.Amplitude decay and phase delay of oscillating temperature records measured at two vertical locations in near-surface sediments can be used to infer water fluxes, thermal diffusivity, and sediment scour/deposition. While methods that rely on the harmonics-based analytical heat transport solution assume a steady state water flux, many applications have reported transient fluxes but ignored the possible violation of this assumption in the method. Here we use natural heat tracing as an example to investigate the extent to which changes in the water flux, and associated temperature signal nonstationarity, can be separated from other influences. We systematically scrutinize the assumption of steady state flow in analytical heat tracing and test the capabilities of the method to detect the timing and magnitude of flux transients. A numerical model was used to synthesize the temperature response to different step and ramp changes in advective thermal velocity magnitude and direction for both a single-frequency and multifrequency temperature boundary. Time-variable temperature amplitude and phase information were extracted from the model output with different signal-processing methods. We show that a worst-case transient flux induces a temperature nonstationarity, the duration of which is less than 1 cycle for realistic sediment thermal diffusivities between 0.02 and 0.13 m\\textlesssup\\textgreater2\\textless/sup\\textgreater/d. However, common signal-processing methods introduce erroneous temporal spreading of advective thermal velocities and significant anomalies in thermal diffusivities or sensor spacing, which is used as an analogue for streambed scour/deposition. The most time-variant spectral filter can introduce errors of up to 57% in velocity and 33% in thermal diffusivity values with artifacts spanning ?2 days around the occurrence of rapid changes in flux. Further, our results show that analytical heat tracing is unable to accurately resolve highly time-variant fluxes and thermal diffusivities and does not allow for the inference of scour/depositional processes due to the limitations of signal processing in disentangling flux-related signal nonstationarities from those stemming from other sources. To prevent erroneous interpretations, hydrometric data should always be acquired in combination with temperature records.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"acworth-timms-kelly-mcgeeney-ralph-larkin-gc-latecenozoicpaleovalleyfillsequencefromthesouthernliverpoolplainsnewsouthwalesimplicationsforgroundwaterresourceevaluation-2015\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/08120099.2015.1086815\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'acworth-timms-kelly-mcgeeney-ralph-larkin-gc-latecenozoicpaleovalleyfillsequencefromthesouthernliverpoolplainsnewsouthwalesimplicationsforgroundwaterresourceevaluation-2015', 'http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/08120099.2015.1086815', event);\">\n    Late Cenozoic paleovalley fill sequence from the Southern Liverpool Plains, New South Wales - implications for groundwater resource evaluation.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Acworth, R I; Timms, W.; Kelly, B.; McGeeney, D.; Ralph, T.; Larkin, Z.;  and GC, R.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  <i>Australian Journal of Earth Sciences</i>, 62(6): 657-680.  2015.\n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/08120099.2015.1086815\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('acworth-timms-kelly-mcgeeney-ralph-larkin-gc-latecenozoicpaleovalleyfillsequencefromthesouthernliverpoolplainsnewsouthwalesimplicationsforgroundwaterresourceevaluation-2015', 'http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/08120099.2015.1086815', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"Late Cenozoic paleovalley fill sequence from the Southern Liverpool Plains, New South Wales - implications for groundwater resource evaluation [link]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.org/10.1080/08120099.2015.1086815\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('acworth-timms-kelly-mcgeeney-ralph-larkin-gc-latecenozoicpaleovalleyfillsequencefromthesouthernliverpoolplainsnewsouthwalesimplicationsforgroundwaterresourceevaluation-2015', 'http://doi.org/10.1080/08120099.2015.1086815', event.ctrlKey)\"\n     class=\"bibbase doi link\">\n    <span>doi</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/acworth-timms-kelly-mcgeeney-ralph-larkin-gc-latecenozoicpaleovalleyfillsequencefromthesouthernliverpoolplainsnewsouthwalesimplicationsforgroundwaterresourceevaluation-2015\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('acworth-timms-kelly-mcgeeney-ralph-larkin-gc-latecenozoicpaleovalleyfillsequencefromthesouthernliverpoolplainsnewsouthwalesimplicationsforgroundwaterresourceevaluation-2015')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@Article{Acworth-2015a,\n  author   = {Acworth, R I and Timms, WA and Kelly, BFJ and McGeeney, DE and Ralph, TJ and Larkin, ZT and GC, Rau.},\n  title    = {{Late Cenozoic paleovalley fill sequence from the Southern Liverpool Plains, New South Wales - implications for groundwater resource evaluation}},\n  journal  = {Australian Journal of Earth Sciences},\n  year     = {2015},\n  date     = {2015-08-10},\n  volume   = {62},\n  number   = {6},\n  pages    = {657-680},\n  issn     = {0812-0099},\n  if       = {1.75},\n  snip     = {0.893},\n  abstract = {The Liverpool Plains in northern New South Wales contain some of the best agricultural land in Australia and are underlain by extensive smectite clay-dominated soils sourced from weathering the alkali basalts of the Liverpool Ranges. It had been thought that a relatively simple geological model explained the underlying Cenozoic sequence with salt-rich clays of the Narrabri Formation overlying sands and gravel aquifers comprising the Gunnedah Formation. Extensive groundwater modelling based upon this simple conceptualisation has been used in management plans proposed by the mining and agricultural industries. A 31.5 m core has been recovered using minimally disturbed triple- tube coring methods at Cattle Lane (Latitude -31.52 S, Longitude 150.47 E) to resolve uncertainty concerning the aquitard status of the upper layer. Recovered core has been examined and tested to determine grainsize, cation-exchange capacity, X-ray diffraction, X-ray fluorescence and microscopic examination of granular components. These measurements complement surface and borehole geophysical techniques, hydrogeological data and hydrochemical analysis of water samples recovered from a series of specially constructed piezometers adjacent to the cored hole. The sequence overlies a Late Cretaceous channel cut into Permian bedrock at 91mdepth with sands and clays below 31.5 m considered to represent various alluvial fill events mostly occurring since the Early Pliocene. Erosion of Late Eocene alkali basalts on the Liverpool Ranges, with the formation of smectite clays, pedogenic carbonates and with the addition of quartz from both eolian sources and locally derived from adjacent Triassic sandstone hills, provides the great majority of the sediment recovered from the cores. Late Pleistocene (114 ka) to Holocene ages were determined for the core from three optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) measurements on fine sands (13, 23 and 29 m BG). Detailed examination has failed to detect any evidence of a boundary between Narrabri and Gunnedah formations revealing rather a gradual change in dominance of clays and silts over sands and gravels embedded in a clay-rich matrix. This result challenges the conceptualisation used to conduct groundwater modelling on the Liverpool Plains.},\n  doi      = {10.1080/08120099.2015.1086815},\n  keywords = {Liverpool Plains,OSL,Paleovalley,aquitard,groundwater,liverpool plains,osl,paleoenvironment,paleovalley},\n  type     = {Journal article},\n  url      = {http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/08120099.2015.1086815},\n}\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  The Liverpool Plains in northern New South Wales contain some of the best agricultural land in Australia and are underlain by extensive smectite clay-dominated soils sourced from weathering the alkali basalts of the Liverpool Ranges. It had been thought that a relatively simple geological model explained the underlying Cenozoic sequence with salt-rich clays of the Narrabri Formation overlying sands and gravel aquifers comprising the Gunnedah Formation. Extensive groundwater modelling based upon this simple conceptualisation has been used in management plans proposed by the mining and agricultural industries. A 31.5 m core has been recovered using minimally disturbed triple- tube coring methods at Cattle Lane (Latitude -31.52 S, Longitude 150.47 E) to resolve uncertainty concerning the aquitard status of the upper layer. Recovered core has been examined and tested to determine grainsize, cation-exchange capacity, X-ray diffraction, X-ray fluorescence and microscopic examination of granular components. These measurements complement surface and borehole geophysical techniques, hydrogeological data and hydrochemical analysis of water samples recovered from a series of specially constructed piezometers adjacent to the cored hole. The sequence overlies a Late Cretaceous channel cut into Permian bedrock at 91mdepth with sands and clays below 31.5 m considered to represent various alluvial fill events mostly occurring since the Early Pliocene. Erosion of Late Eocene alkali basalts on the Liverpool Ranges, with the formation of smectite clays, pedogenic carbonates and with the addition of quartz from both eolian sources and locally derived from adjacent Triassic sandstone hills, provides the great majority of the sediment recovered from the cores. Late Pleistocene (114 ka) to Holocene ages were determined for the core from three optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) measurements on fine sands (13, 23 and 29 m BG). Detailed examination has failed to detect any evidence of a boundary between Narrabri and Gunnedah formations revealing rather a gradual change in dominance of clays and silts over sands and gravels embedded in a clay-rich matrix. This result challenges the conceptualisation used to conduct groundwater modelling on the Liverpool Plains.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"rutlidge-andersen-baker-chinu-cuthbert-jex-marjo-markowska-etal-organiccharacterisationofcavedripwaterbylcocdandfluorescenceanalysis-2015\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  Organic characterisation of cave drip water by LC-OCD and fluorescence analysis.\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Rutlidge, H.; Andersen, M. S.; Baker, A.; Chinu, K. J.; Cuthbert, M. O.; Jex, C. N.; Marjo, C. E.; Markowska, M.;  and <a class=\"bibbase author link\" href=\"https://gcrau.github.io/\">Rau, G. C.</a>\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  <i>Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta</i>, 166: 15-28.  2015.\n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2015.05.042\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('rutlidge-andersen-baker-chinu-cuthbert-jex-marjo-markowska-etal-organiccharacterisationofcavedripwaterbylcocdandfluorescenceanalysis-2015', 'http://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2015.05.042', event.ctrlKey)\"\n     class=\"bibbase doi link\">\n    <span>doi</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/rutlidge-andersen-baker-chinu-cuthbert-jex-marjo-markowska-etal-organiccharacterisationofcavedripwaterbylcocdandfluorescenceanalysis-2015\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('rutlidge-andersen-baker-chinu-cuthbert-jex-marjo-markowska-etal-organiccharacterisationofcavedripwaterbylcocdandfluorescenceanalysis-2015')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@Article{Rutlidge-2015,\n  author    = {Rutlidge, Helen and Andersen, Martin S. and Baker, Andy and Chinu, Khorshed J. and Cuthbert, Mark O. and Jex, Catherine N. and Marjo, Christopher E. and Markowska, Monika and Rau, Gabriel C.},\n  title     = {{Organic characterisation of cave drip water by LC-OCD and fluorescence analysis}},\n  journal   = {Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta},\n  year      = {2015},\n  date      = {2015-05-26},\n  volume    = {166},\n  pages     = {15-28},\n  issn      = {00167037},\n  if        = {4.315},\n  snip      = {1.583},\n  abstract  = {Cathedral Cave, Wellington, Australia, is a natural laboratory for studying water movement and geochemical processes in the unsaturated zone by using artificial irrigation to activate drip sites within the cave. Water sampled from two drip sites activated by irrigations carried out in summer 2014 was analysed for dissolved inorganic ions and fluorescent organic matter. The analysis allowed the development of a conceptual flow path model for each drip site. DOM analysis was further complemented by liquid chromatography with organic carbon detection (LC-OCD), applied for the first time to karst drip waters, allowing the characterisation of six organic matter fractions. The differences in organic matter fractions at each drip site are interpreted as a signature of the proposed flow paths. LC-OCD was also compared with parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC) of the fluorescence and good correlations were observed for high molecular weight organic matter. Strong positive correlations were also observed for high molecular weight matter and Cu and Ni. This is suggestive of colloidal transport of Cu and Ni by organic matter with high molecular weight, while small molecular weight colloids were not efficient transporters. LC-OCD uniquely provides information on non-fluorescent organic matter and can be used to further quantify drip water organic matter composition.},\n  doi       = {10.1016/j.gca.2015.05.042},\n  isbn      = {0016-7037},\n  publisher = {Elsevier Ltd},\n  type      = {Journal article},\n}\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  Cathedral Cave, Wellington, Australia, is a natural laboratory for studying water movement and geochemical processes in the unsaturated zone by using artificial irrigation to activate drip sites within the cave. Water sampled from two drip sites activated by irrigations carried out in summer 2014 was analysed for dissolved inorganic ions and fluorescent organic matter. The analysis allowed the development of a conceptual flow path model for each drip site. DOM analysis was further complemented by liquid chromatography with organic carbon detection (LC-OCD), applied for the first time to karst drip waters, allowing the characterisation of six organic matter fractions. The differences in organic matter fractions at each drip site are interpreted as a signature of the proposed flow paths. LC-OCD was also compared with parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC) of the fluorescence and good correlations were observed for high molecular weight organic matter. Strong positive correlations were also observed for high molecular weight matter and Cu and Ni. This is suggestive of colloidal transport of Cu and Ni by organic matter with high molecular weight, while small molecular weight colloids were not efficient transporters. LC-OCD uniquely provides information on non-fluorescent organic matter and can be used to further quantify drip water organic matter composition.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"andersen-eberhard-rutlidge-rau-chen-salma-moll-halloran-etal-mappinggroundwaterdischargeandwaterchemistryinstreamstowardsunderstandingtheecologicalimpactsofgroundwaterdrawdown-2015\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  Mapping groundwater discharge and water chemistry in streams - Towards understanding the ecological impacts of groundwater drawdown.\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Andersen, M. S; Eberhard, S.; Rutlidge, H.; <a class=\"bibbase author link\" href=\"https://gcrau.github.io/\">Rau, G. C</a>; Chen, J.; Salma, A.; Moll, C.; Halloran, L.; Li, C.; Neilson, B.; Neilson, D.; Boulton, A.; Cuthbert, M.;  and Murphy, C.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n   2015.<!-- NOTE FROM BIBBASE: This entry has an invalid bibtex entry type: conference. Therefore, we don't know how to render it properly. Please consider fixing this. -->\n  <span class=\"note\">Conference presentation</span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/andersen-eberhard-rutlidge-rau-chen-salma-moll-halloran-etal-mappinggroundwaterdischargeandwaterchemistryinstreamstowardsunderstandingtheecologicalimpactsofgroundwaterdrawdown-2015\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('andersen-eberhard-rutlidge-rau-chen-salma-moll-halloran-etal-mappinggroundwaterdischargeandwaterchemistryinstreamstowardsunderstandingtheecologicalimpactsofgroundwaterdrawdown-2015')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@Conference{Andersen-2015-conf,\n  author    = {Andersen, Martin S and Eberhard, Stefan and Rutlidge, Helen and Rau, Gabriel C and Chen, Junsong and Salma, Afrida and Moll, Cecil and Halloran, Landon and Li, Calvin and Neilson, Beth and Neilson, Drew and Boulton, Andrew and Cuthbert, Mark and Murphy, Cassandra},\n  title     = {Mapping groundwater discharge and water chemistry in streams - Towards understanding the ecological impacts of groundwater drawdown},\n  year      = {2015},\n  note      = {Conference presentation},\n  booktitle = {Australian Groundwater Conference},\n  datespan  = {3 - 5 Nov 2015},\n  location  = {Canberra, Australia},\n  name      = {Australian Groundwater Conference},\n  type      = {Conference presentation},\n}\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"li-andersen-kelly-rau-mccallum-thedeclineandriseofgroundwaterlevelsinthemaulescreekcatchmentuppernamoiimplicationsforgroundwaterresourcemanagement-2015\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  The decline and rise of groundwater levels in the Maules Creek Catchment (Upper Namoi): Implications for groundwater resource management.\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Li, C P; Andersen, M S; Kelly, B F J; <a class=\"bibbase author link\" href=\"https://gcrau.github.io/\">Rau, G. C</a>;  and McCallum, A M\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n   2015.<!-- NOTE FROM BIBBASE: This entry has an invalid bibtex entry type: conference. Therefore, we don't know how to render it properly. Please consider fixing this. -->\n  <span class=\"note\">Conference presentation</span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/li-andersen-kelly-rau-mccallum-thedeclineandriseofgroundwaterlevelsinthemaulescreekcatchmentuppernamoiimplicationsforgroundwaterresourcemanagement-2015\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('li-andersen-kelly-rau-mccallum-thedeclineandriseofgroundwaterlevelsinthemaulescreekcatchmentuppernamoiimplicationsforgroundwaterresourcemanagement-2015')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@Conference{Li-2015-conf,\n  author    = {Li, C P and Andersen, M S and Kelly, B F J and Rau, Gabriel C and McCallum, A M},\n  title     = {The decline and rise of groundwater levels in the Maules Creek Catchment (Upper Namoi): Implications for groundwater resource management},\n  year      = {2015},\n  note      = {Conference presentation},\n  booktitle = {2nd Australian Cotton Research Conference},\n  datespan  = {8 - 10 September 2015},\n  location  = {Toowoomba, QLD, Australia},\n  name      = {2nd Australian Cotton Research Conference},\n  type      = {Conference presentation},\n}\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"markowska-baker-andersen-jex-cuthbert-rau-graham-rutlidge-etal-monitoringtodeterminethecontrolson18ofromamodernspeleothemrecordinsemiaridseaustraliacave-2015\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  monitoring to Determine the Controls on δ18O from a Modern Speleothem Record in Semi-arid SE Australia, Cave.\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Markowska, M; Baker, A.; Andersen, M.; Jex, C; Cuthbert, M.; Rau, G; Graham, P.; Rutlidge, H; Marjo, C;  and Treble, P.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n   2015.<!-- NOTE FROM BIBBASE: This entry has an invalid bibtex entry type: conference. Therefore, we don't know how to render it properly. Please consider fixing this. -->\n  <span class=\"note\">Conference presentation</span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/markowska-baker-andersen-jex-cuthbert-rau-graham-rutlidge-etal-monitoringtodeterminethecontrolson18ofromamodernspeleothemrecordinsemiaridseaustraliacave-2015\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('markowska-baker-andersen-jex-cuthbert-rau-graham-rutlidge-etal-monitoringtodeterminethecontrolson18ofromamodernspeleothemrecordinsemiaridseaustraliacave-2015')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@Conference{Markowska-2015-conf,\n  author    = {Markowska, M and Baker, AB and Andersen, MS and Jex, C and Cuthbert, MO and Rau, G and Graham, PW and Rutlidge, H and Marjo, C and Treble, PC},\n  title     = {monitoring to Determine the Controls on δ18O from a Modern Speleothem Record in Semi-arid SE Australia, Cave},\n  year      = {2015},\n  note      = {Conference presentation},\n  booktitle = {American Geophysical Union Fall Meeting},\n  datespan  = {14 - 18 Dec 2015},\n  location  = {San Francisco, CA, USA},\n  name      = {American Geophysical Union Fall Meeting},\n  type      = {Conference presentation},\n}\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"markowska-baker-andersen-cuthbert-rau-jex-graham-adler-etal-cavestalagmitesasrecordersofpastrechargefrequencyandchangesinaridity-2015\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  Cave stalagmites as recorders of past recharge frequency and changes in aridity.\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Markowska, M.; Baker, A.; Andersen, M. S.; Cuthbert, M. O.; <a class=\"bibbase author link\" href=\"https://gcrau.github.io/\">Rau, G. C.</a>; Jex, C. N.; Graham, P. W.; Adler, L.; Rutlidge, H.; Hua, Q.; Mariethoz, G.; Marjo, C.;  and Treble, P. C.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n   2015.<!-- NOTE FROM BIBBASE: This entry has an invalid bibtex entry type: conference. Therefore, we don't know how to render it properly. Please consider fixing this. -->\n  <span class=\"note\">Conference presentation</span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/markowska-baker-andersen-cuthbert-rau-jex-graham-adler-etal-cavestalagmitesasrecordersofpastrechargefrequencyandchangesinaridity-2015\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('markowska-baker-andersen-cuthbert-rau-jex-graham-adler-etal-cavestalagmitesasrecordersofpastrechargefrequencyandchangesinaridity-2015')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@Conference{Markowska-2015-confa,\n  author    = {Markowska, Monika and Baker, Andy and Andersen, Martin S. and Cuthbert, Mark O. and Rau, Gabriel C. and Jex, Catherine N. and Graham, Peter W. and Adler, Lewis and Rutlidge, Helen and Hua, Quan and Mariethoz, Gregoire and Marjo, Christopher and Treble, Pauline C.},\n  title     = {Cave stalagmites as recorders of past recharge frequency and changes in aridity},\n  year      = {2015},\n  note      = {Conference presentation},\n  booktitle = {Australian Groundwater Conference},\n  datespan  = {3 - 5 Nov 2015},\n  location  = {Canberra, Australia},\n  name      = {Australian Groundwater Conference},\n  type      = {Conference presentation},\n}\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"rau-cuthbert-andersen-baker-rutlidge-roshan-marjo-graham-etal-whatcontrolsthecavedripwatertemperatureanalysisandimplicationsforpaleoclimatereconstructionfromspeleothems-2015\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  What controls the cave drip water temperature? Analysis and implications for paleoclimate reconstruction from speleothems.\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  <a class=\"bibbase author link\" href=\"https://gcrau.github.io/\">Rau, G. C.</a>; Cuthbert, M. O.; Andersen, M. S.; Baker, A.; Rutlidge, H.; Roshan, M. M. H.; Marjo, C. E.; Graham, P. W.;  and Acworth, R. I.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n   2015.<!-- NOTE FROM BIBBASE: This entry has an invalid bibtex entry type: conference. Therefore, we don't know how to render it properly. Please consider fixing this. -->\n  <span class=\"note\">Conference presentation</span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/rau-cuthbert-andersen-baker-rutlidge-roshan-marjo-graham-etal-whatcontrolsthecavedripwatertemperatureanalysisandimplicationsforpaleoclimatereconstructionfromspeleothems-2015\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('rau-cuthbert-andersen-baker-rutlidge-roshan-marjo-graham-etal-whatcontrolsthecavedripwatertemperatureanalysisandimplicationsforpaleoclimatereconstructionfromspeleothems-2015')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@Conference{Rau-2015-confa,\n  author    = {Rau, Gabriel C. and Cuthbert, Mark O. and Andersen, Martin S. and Baker, Andy and Rutlidge, Helen and Roshan, Monika Markowska Hamid and Marjo, Christopher E. and Graham, Peter W. and Acworth, R. Ian},\n  title     = {What controls the cave drip water temperature? Analysis and implications for paleoclimate reconstruction from speleothems},\n  year      = {2015},\n  note      = {Conference presentation},\n  booktitle = {Australian Groundwater Conference},\n  datespan  = {3 - 5 Nov 2015},\n  location  = {Canberra, Australia},\n  name      = {Australian Groundwater Conference},\n  type      = {Conference presentation},\n}\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"rau-baker-cuthbert-andersen-delvingdeepintocavescanteachusaboutclimatepastandpresent-2015\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"https://theconversation.com/delving-deep-into-caves-can-teach-us-about-climate-past-and-present-50122\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'rau-baker-cuthbert-andersen-delvingdeepintocavescanteachusaboutclimatepastandpresent-2015', 'https://theconversation.com/delving-deep-into-caves-can-teach-us-about-climate-past-and-present-50122', event);\">\n    Delving deep into caves can teach us about climate past and present.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  <a class=\"bibbase author link\" href=\"https://gcrau.github.io/\">Rau, G. C</a>; Baker, A; Cuthbert, M.;  and Andersen, M.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n   2015.\n  <span class=\"note\">News item</span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"https://theconversation.com/delving-deep-into-caves-can-teach-us-about-climate-past-and-present-50122\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('rau-baker-cuthbert-andersen-delvingdeepintocavescanteachusaboutclimatepastandpresent-2015', 'https://theconversation.com/delving-deep-into-caves-can-teach-us-about-climate-past-and-present-50122', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"Delving deep into caves can teach us about climate past and present [link]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/rau-baker-cuthbert-andersen-delvingdeepintocavescanteachusaboutclimatepastandpresent-2015\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('rau-baker-cuthbert-andersen-delvingdeepintocavescanteachusaboutclimatepastandpresent-2015')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@Misc{Rau-2015b,\n  author    = {Rau, Gabriel C and Baker, A and Cuthbert, MO and Andersen, MS},\n  title     = {Delving deep into caves can teach us about climate past and present},\n  year      = {2015},\n  note      = {News item},\n  publisher = {The Conversation},\n  type      = {News item},\n  url       = {https://theconversation.com/delving-deep-into-caves-can-teach-us-about-climate-past-and-present-50122},\n}\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"rau-kelly-timms-acworth-ewresearchidentifiesagapinsedimentsandquestionssimplegroundwatermodelsontheliverpoolplainsnswaustralia-2015\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"http://www.alphagalileo.org/ViewItem.aspx?ItemId=157660&amp;CultureCode=en\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'rau-kelly-timms-acworth-ewresearchidentifiesagapinsedimentsandquestionssimplegroundwatermodelsontheliverpoolplainsnswaustralia-2015', 'http://www.alphagalileo.org/ViewItem.aspx?ItemId=157660&amp;CultureCode=en', event);\">\n    ew research identifies a gap in sediments and questions simple groundwater models on the Liverpool Plains, NSW, Australia.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  <a class=\"bibbase author link\" href=\"https://gcrau.github.io/\">Rau, G. C</a>; Kelly, B; Timms, W;  and Acworth, R.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n   2015.\n  <span class=\"note\">News item</span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://www.alphagalileo.org/ViewItem.aspx?ItemId=157660&amp;CultureCode=en\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('rau-kelly-timms-acworth-ewresearchidentifiesagapinsedimentsandquestionssimplegroundwatermodelsontheliverpoolplainsnswaustralia-2015', 'http://www.alphagalileo.org/ViewItem.aspx?ItemId=157660&amp;CultureCode=en', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"ew research identifies a gap in sediments and questions simple groundwater models on the Liverpool Plains, NSW, Australia [link]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/rau-kelly-timms-acworth-ewresearchidentifiesagapinsedimentsandquestionssimplegroundwatermodelsontheliverpoolplainsnswaustralia-2015\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('rau-kelly-timms-acworth-ewresearchidentifiesagapinsedimentsandquestionssimplegroundwatermodelsontheliverpoolplainsnswaustralia-2015')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@Misc{Rau-2015c,\n  author    = {Rau, Gabriel C and Kelly, B and Timms, W and Acworth, RI},\n  title     = {ew research identifies a gap in sediments and questions simple groundwater models on the Liverpool Plains, NSW, Australia},\n  year      = {2015},\n  note      = {News item},\n  publisher = {AlphaGalileo},\n  type      = {News item},\n  url       = {http://www.alphagalileo.org/ViewItem.aspx?ItemId=157660&amp;CultureCode=en},\n}\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"baker-treble-coleborn-mahmud-markowska-flemons-cuthbert-rau-etal-hundredsofautomaticdripcountersrevealinfiltrationwaterdischargecharacteristicsinaustraliancaves-2015\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  Hundreds of automatic drip counters reveal infiltration water discharge characteristics in Australian caves.\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Baker, A; Treble, P.; Coleborn, K.; Mahmud, K; Markowska, M; Flemons, I; Cuthbert, M O; <a class=\"bibbase author link\" href=\"https://gcrau.github.io/\">Rau, G. C</a>;  and Andersen, M.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n   2015.<!-- NOTE FROM BIBBASE: This entry has an invalid bibtex entry type: conference. Therefore, we don't know how to render it properly. Please consider fixing this. -->\n  <span class=\"note\">Conference poster</span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/baker-treble-coleborn-mahmud-markowska-flemons-cuthbert-rau-etal-hundredsofautomaticdripcountersrevealinfiltrationwaterdischargecharacteristicsinaustraliancaves-2015\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('baker-treble-coleborn-mahmud-markowska-flemons-cuthbert-rau-etal-hundredsofautomaticdripcountersrevealinfiltrationwaterdischargecharacteristicsinaustraliancaves-2015')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@Conference{Baker-2015-conf,\n  author    = {Baker, A and Treble, P. and Coleborn, Katie and Mahmud, K and Markowska, M and Flemons, I and Cuthbert, M O and Rau, Gabriel C and Andersen, MS},\n  title     = {Hundreds of automatic drip counters reveal infiltration water discharge characteristics in Australian caves},\n  year      = {2015},\n  note      = {Conference poster},\n  booktitle = {AGU Fall Meeting},\n  datespan  = {12-16 Dec 2015},\n  location  = {San Francisco, CA, USA},\n  name      = {AGU Fall Meeting},\n  type      = {Conference poster},\n}\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"halloran-rau-andersen-roshan-acworth-naturaltemperaturevariationsandsoilmoisturecontentinthevadosezone-2015\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015EGUGA..17.1312H\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'halloran-rau-andersen-roshan-acworth-naturaltemperaturevariationsandsoilmoisturecontentinthevadosezone-2015', 'http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015EGUGA..17.1312H', event);\">\n    Natural temperature variations and soil moisture content in the vadose zone.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Halloran, L. J. S.; <a class=\"bibbase author link\" href=\"https://gcrau.github.io/\">Rau, G. C</a>; Andersen, M. S.; Roshan, H.;  and Acworth, I.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n   2015.<!-- NOTE FROM BIBBASE: This entry has an invalid bibtex entry type: conference. Therefore, we don't know how to render it properly. Please consider fixing this. -->\n  <span class=\"note\">Conference poster</span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015EGUGA..17.1312H\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('halloran-rau-andersen-roshan-acworth-naturaltemperaturevariationsandsoilmoisturecontentinthevadosezone-2015', 'http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015EGUGA..17.1312H', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"Natural temperature variations and soil moisture content in the vadose zone [link]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/halloran-rau-andersen-roshan-acworth-naturaltemperaturevariationsandsoilmoisturecontentinthevadosezone-2015\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('halloran-rau-andersen-roshan-acworth-naturaltemperaturevariationsandsoilmoisturecontentinthevadosezone-2015')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@Conference{Halloran-2015-conf,\n  author    = {Halloran, L. J. S. and Rau, Gabriel C and Andersen, M. S. and Roshan, H. and Acworth, I.},\n  title     = {Natural temperature variations and soil moisture content in the vadose zone},\n  year      = {2015},\n  note      = {Conference poster},\n  booktitle = {Australian Groundwater Conference},\n  datespan  = {3 - 5 Nov 2015},\n  location  = {Canberra, Australia},\n  name      = {Australian Groundwater Conference},\n  type      = {Conference poster},\n  url       = {http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015EGUGA..17.1312H},\n}\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"halloran-roshan-rau-cuthbert-andersen-acworth-soilmoisturecontentestimationfrompassivetemperaturemeasurements-2015\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015EGUGA..17.1312H\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'halloran-roshan-rau-cuthbert-andersen-acworth-soilmoisturecontentestimationfrompassivetemperaturemeasurements-2015', 'http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015EGUGA..17.1312H', event);\">\n    Soil moisture content estimation from passive temperature measurements.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Halloran, L. J. S.; Roshan, H.; <a class=\"bibbase author link\" href=\"https://gcrau.github.io/\">Rau, G. C</a>; Cuthbert, M. O.; Andersen, M. S.;  and Acworth, I.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n   2015.<!-- NOTE FROM BIBBASE: This entry has an invalid bibtex entry type: conference. Therefore, we don't know how to render it properly. Please consider fixing this. -->\n  <span class=\"note\">Conference poster</span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015EGUGA..17.1312H\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('halloran-roshan-rau-cuthbert-andersen-acworth-soilmoisturecontentestimationfrompassivetemperaturemeasurements-2015', 'http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015EGUGA..17.1312H', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"Soil moisture content estimation from passive temperature measurements [link]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/halloran-roshan-rau-cuthbert-andersen-acworth-soilmoisturecontentestimationfrompassivetemperaturemeasurements-2015\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('halloran-roshan-rau-cuthbert-andersen-acworth-soilmoisturecontentestimationfrompassivetemperaturemeasurements-2015')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@Conference{Halloran-2015-confa,\n  author    = {Halloran, L. J. S. and Roshan, H. and Rau, Gabriel C and Cuthbert, M. O. and Andersen, M. S. and Acworth, I.},\n  title     = {Soil moisture content estimation from passive temperature measurements},\n  year      = {2015},\n  note      = {Conference poster},\n  booktitle = {EGU General Assembly},\n  datespan  = { 12–17 April 2015 },\n  location  = {Vienna, Austria},\n  name      = {EGU General Assembly},\n  type      = {Conference poster},\n  url       = {http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015EGUGA..17.1312H},\n}\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"rau-rutlidge-andersen-unland-hofmann-gilfedder-atkinson-cartwright-etal-222rnandhydrochemicalparametersrevealnaturalandinducedsurfacegroundwaterexchangepathways-2015\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"https://conferences.iaea.org/indico/conferenceDisplay.py?confId=49\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'rau-rutlidge-andersen-unland-hofmann-gilfedder-atkinson-cartwright-etal-222rnandhydrochemicalparametersrevealnaturalandinducedsurfacegroundwaterexchangepathways-2015', 'https://conferences.iaea.org/indico/conferenceDisplay.py?confId=49', event);\">\n    222-Rn and hydrochemical parameters reveal natural and induced surface groundwater exchange pathways.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  <a class=\"bibbase author link\" href=\"https://gcrau.github.io/\">Rau, G. C</a>; Rutlidge, H.; Andersen, M. S.; Unland, N. P.; Hofmann, H.; Gilfedder, B. S.; Atkinson, A.; Cartwright, I.; Baker, A.;  and Acworth, R. I.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n   2015.<!-- NOTE FROM BIBBASE: This entry has an invalid bibtex entry type: conference. Therefore, we don't know how to render it properly. Please consider fixing this. -->\n  <span class=\"note\">Conference poster</span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"https://conferences.iaea.org/indico/conferenceDisplay.py?confId=49\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('rau-rutlidge-andersen-unland-hofmann-gilfedder-atkinson-cartwright-etal-222rnandhydrochemicalparametersrevealnaturalandinducedsurfacegroundwaterexchangepathways-2015', 'https://conferences.iaea.org/indico/conferenceDisplay.py?confId=49', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"222-Rn and hydrochemical parameters reveal natural and induced surface groundwater exchange pathways [link]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/rau-rutlidge-andersen-unland-hofmann-gilfedder-atkinson-cartwright-etal-222rnandhydrochemicalparametersrevealnaturalandinducedsurfacegroundwaterexchangepathways-2015\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('rau-rutlidge-andersen-unland-hofmann-gilfedder-atkinson-cartwright-etal-222rnandhydrochemicalparametersrevealnaturalandinducedsurfacegroundwaterexchangepathways-2015')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@Conference{Rau-2015-conf,\n  author    = {Rau, Gabriel C and Rutlidge, H. and Andersen, M. S. and Unland, N. P. and Hofmann, H. and Gilfedder, B. S. and Atkinson, A. and Cartwright, I. and Baker, A. and Acworth, R. I.},\n  title     = {222-Rn and hydrochemical parameters reveal natural and induced surface groundwater exchange pathways},\n  year      = {2015},\n  note      = {Conference poster},\n  booktitle = {International Symposium on Isotope Hydrology},\n  datespan  = {11-15 May 2015},\n  location  = {Vienna, Austria},\n  name      = {International Symposium on Isotope Hydrology},\n  type      = {Conference poster},\n  url       = {https://conferences.iaea.org/indico/conferenceDisplay.py?confId=49},\n}\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n\n\n\n    </div>\n  </div>\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_group_whole\" id=\"group_2014\">\n    <div class=\"bibbase_group\"\n      onclick=\"toggleGroup('group_2014')\"\n      onkeypress=\"toggleGroup('group_2014')\"\n      tabindex=\"0\">\n      <i class=\"fa fa-angle-down bibbase_group_head_icon\"></i>&nbsp;\n      <span>2014</span>\n      <span class=\"bibbase_group_count\">\n        \n        (11)\n        \n      </span>\n    </div>\n    <div class=\"bibbase_group_body\">\n      \n  \n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"cuthbert-rau-andersen-roshan-rutlidge-marjo-markowska-jex-etal-evaporativecoolingofspeleothemdripwater-2014\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  Evaporative cooling of speleothem drip water.\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Cuthbert, M O; <a class=\"bibbase author link\" href=\"https://gcrau.github.io/\">Rau, G. C</a>; Andersen, M S; Roshan, H; Rutlidge, H; Marjo, C E; Markowska, M; Jex, C N; Graham, P W; Mariethoz, G; Acworth, R I;  and Baker, A\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  <i>Scientific Reports</i>, 4: 5162.  2014.\n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.org/10.1038/srep05162\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('cuthbert-rau-andersen-roshan-rutlidge-marjo-markowska-jex-etal-evaporativecoolingofspeleothemdripwater-2014', 'http://doi.org/10.1038/srep05162', event.ctrlKey)\"\n     class=\"bibbase doi link\">\n    <span>doi</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/cuthbert-rau-andersen-roshan-rutlidge-marjo-markowska-jex-etal-evaporativecoolingofspeleothemdripwater-2014\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('cuthbert-rau-andersen-roshan-rutlidge-marjo-markowska-jex-etal-evaporativecoolingofspeleothemdripwater-2014')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@Article{Cuthbert-2014,\n  author   = {Cuthbert, M O and Rau, Gabriel C and Andersen, M S and Roshan, H and Rutlidge, H and Marjo, C E and Markowska, M and Jex, C N and Graham, P W and Mariethoz, G and Acworth, R I and Baker, A},\n  title    = {{Evaporative cooling of speleothem drip water}},\n  journal  = {Scientific Reports},\n  year     = {2014},\n  date     = {2014-05-07},\n  volume   = {4},\n  pages    = {5162},\n  issn     = {2045-2322},\n  era      = {A*},\n  if       = {5.228},\n  snip     = {1.589},\n  abstract = {This study describes the first use of concurrent high-precision temperature and drip rate monitoring to explore what controls the temperature of speleothem forming drip water. Two contrasting sites, one with fast transient and one with slow constant dripping, in a temperate semi-arid location (Wellington, NSW, Australia), exhibit drip water temperatures which deviate significantly from the cave air temperature. We confirm the hypothesis that evaporative cooling is the dominant, but so far unattributed, control causing significant disequilibrium between drip water and host rock/air temperatures. The amount of cooling is dependent on the drip rate, relative humidity and ventilation. Our results have implications for the interpretation of temperature-sensitive, speleothem climate proxies such as $\\delta$(18)O, cave microecology and the use of heat as a tracer in karst. Understanding the processes controlling the temperature of speleothem-forming cave drip waters is vital for assessing the reliability of such deposits as archives of climate change.},\n  doi      = {10.1038/srep05162},\n  isbn     = {2045-2322 (Electronic)$\\backslash$r2045-2322 (Linking)},\n  pmid     = {24895139},\n  type     = {Journal article},\n}\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  This study describes the first use of concurrent high-precision temperature and drip rate monitoring to explore what controls the temperature of speleothem forming drip water. Two contrasting sites, one with fast transient and one with slow constant dripping, in a temperate semi-arid location (Wellington, NSW, Australia), exhibit drip water temperatures which deviate significantly from the cave air temperature. We confirm the hypothesis that evaporative cooling is the dominant, but so far unattributed, control causing significant disequilibrium between drip water and host rock/air temperatures. The amount of cooling is dependent on the drip rate, relative humidity and ventilation. Our results have implications for the interpretation of temperature-sensitive, speleothem climate proxies such as $δ$(18)O, cave microecology and the use of heat as a tracer in karst. Understanding the processes controlling the temperature of speleothem-forming cave drip waters is vital for assessing the reliability of such deposits as archives of climate change.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"mccallum-andersen-rau-larsen-acworth-riveraquiferinteractionsinasemiaridenvironmentinvestigatedusingpointandreachmeasurements-2014\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  River-aquifer interactions in a semiarid environment investigated using point and reach measurements.\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  McCallum, A. M.; Andersen, M. S.; <a class=\"bibbase author link\" href=\"https://gcrau.github.io/\">Rau, G. C.</a>; Larsen, J. R.;  and Acworth, R. I.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  <i>Water Resources Research</i>, 50(4): 2815-2829.  2014.\n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.org/10.1002/2012WR012922\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('mccallum-andersen-rau-larsen-acworth-riveraquiferinteractionsinasemiaridenvironmentinvestigatedusingpointandreachmeasurements-2014', 'http://doi.org/10.1002/2012WR012922', event.ctrlKey)\"\n     class=\"bibbase doi link\">\n    <span>doi</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/mccallum-andersen-rau-larsen-acworth-riveraquiferinteractionsinasemiaridenvironmentinvestigatedusingpointandreachmeasurements-2014\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('mccallum-andersen-rau-larsen-acworth-riveraquiferinteractionsinasemiaridenvironmentinvestigatedusingpointandreachmeasurements-2014')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@Article{McCallum-2014,\n  author   = {McCallum, Andrew M. and Andersen, Martin S. and Rau, Gabriel C. and Larsen, Joshua R. and Acworth, R. Ian},\n  title    = {{River-aquifer interactions in a semiarid environment investigated using point and reach measurements}},\n  journal  = {Water Resources Research},\n  year     = {2014},\n  date     = {2014-03-02},\n  volume   = {50},\n  number   = {4},\n  pages    = {2815-2829},\n  issn     = {00431397},\n  era      = {A*},\n  if       = {3.792},\n  snip     = {1.523},\n  abstract = {A critical hydrological process is the interaction between rivers and aquifers. However, accurately determining this interaction from one method alone is difficult. At a point, the water exchange in the riverbed can be determined using temperature variations over depth. Over the river reach, differential gauging can be used to determine averaged losses or gains. This study combines these two methods and applies them to a 34 km reach of a semiarid river in eastern Australia under highly transient conditions. It is found that high and low river flows translate into high and low riverbed Darcy fluxes, and that these are strongly losing during high flows, and only slightly losing or gaining for low flows. The spatial variability in riverbed Darcy fluxes may be explained by riverbed heterogeneity, with higher variability at greater spatial scales. Although the river-aquifer gradient is the main driver of riverbed Darcy flux at high flows, considerable uncertainty in both the flux magnitude and direction estimates were found during low flows. The reach-scale results demonstrate that high-flow events account for 64{\\%} of the reach loss (or 43{\\%} if overbank events are excluded) despite occurring only 11{\\%} of the time. By examining the relationship between total flow volume, river stage and duration for in-channel flows, we find the loss ratio (flow loss/total flow) can be greater for smaller flows than larger flows with similar duration. Implications of the study for the modeling and management of connected water resources are also discussed.},\n  doi      = {10.1002/2012WR012922},\n  isbn     = {1944-7973},\n  keywords = {groundwater,river gauging,river-aquifer interactions,semiarid,surface water,temperature,water resource management,water resource modeling},\n  language = {English},\n  type     = {Journal article},\n}\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  A critical hydrological process is the interaction between rivers and aquifers. However, accurately determining this interaction from one method alone is difficult. At a point, the water exchange in the riverbed can be determined using temperature variations over depth. Over the river reach, differential gauging can be used to determine averaged losses or gains. This study combines these two methods and applies them to a 34 km reach of a semiarid river in eastern Australia under highly transient conditions. It is found that high and low river flows translate into high and low riverbed Darcy fluxes, and that these are strongly losing during high flows, and only slightly losing or gaining for low flows. The spatial variability in riverbed Darcy fluxes may be explained by riverbed heterogeneity, with higher variability at greater spatial scales. Although the river-aquifer gradient is the main driver of riverbed Darcy flux at high flows, considerable uncertainty in both the flux magnitude and direction estimates were found during low flows. The reach-scale results demonstrate that high-flow events account for 64% of the reach loss (or 43% if overbank events are excluded) despite occurring only 11% of the time. By examining the relationship between total flow volume, river stage and duration for in-channel flows, we find the loss ratio (flow loss/total flow) can be greater for smaller flows than larger flows with similar duration. Implications of the study for the modeling and management of connected water resources are also discussed.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"rau-andersen-mccallum-roshan-acworth-heatasatracertoquantifywaterflowinnearsurfacesediments-2014\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  Heat as a tracer to quantify water flow in near-surface sediments.\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  <a class=\"bibbase author link\" href=\"https://gcrau.github.io/\">Rau, G. C.</a>; Andersen, M. S.; McCallum, A. M.; Roshan, H.;  and Acworth, R. I.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  <i>Earth-Science Reviews</i>, 129: 40-58.  2014.\n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2013.10.015\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('rau-andersen-mccallum-roshan-acworth-heatasatracertoquantifywaterflowinnearsurfacesediments-2014', 'http://doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2013.10.015', event.ctrlKey)\"\n     class=\"bibbase doi link\">\n    <span>doi</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/rau-andersen-mccallum-roshan-acworth-heatasatracertoquantifywaterflowinnearsurfacesediments-2014\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('rau-andersen-mccallum-roshan-acworth-heatasatracertoquantifywaterflowinnearsurfacesediments-2014')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@Article{Rau-2014,\n  author    = {Rau, Gabriel C. and Andersen, Martin S. and McCallum, Andrew M. and Roshan, Hamid and Acworth, R. Ian},\n  title     = {{Heat as a tracer to quantify water flow in near-surface sediments}},\n  journal   = {Earth-Science Reviews},\n  year      = {2014},\n  date      = {2013-10-28},\n  volume    = {129},\n  pages     = {40-58},\n  issn      = {00128252},\n  era       = {A*},\n  if        = {6.991},\n  snip      = {3.034},\n  abstract  = {The dynamic distribution of thermal conditions present in saturated near-surface sediments have been widely utilised to quantify the flow of water. A rapidly increasing number of papers demonstrate that heat as a tracer is becoming an integral part of the toolbox used to investigate water flow in the environment. We summarise the existing body of research investigating natural and induced heat transport, and analyse the progression in fundamental and natural process understanding through the qualitative and quantitative use of heat as a tracer. Heat transport research in engineering applications partly overlaps with heat tracing research in the earth sciences but is more advanced in the fundamental understanding. Combining the findings from both areas can enhance our knowledge of the heat transport processes and highlight where research is needed. Heat tracing relies upon the mathematical heat transport equation which is subject to certain assumptions that are often neglected. This review reveals that, despite the research efforts to date, the capability of the Fourier-model applied to conductive-convective heat transport in water saturated natural materials has not yet been thoroughly tested. However, this is a prerequisite for accurate and meaningful heat transport modelling with the purpose of increasing our understanding of flow processes at different scales. This review reveals several knowledge gaps that impose significant limitations on practical applications of heat as a tracer of water flow. The review can be used as a guide for further research directions on the fundamental as well as the practical aspects of heat transport on various scales from the lab to the field. ?? 2013 Elsevier B.V.},\n  doi       = {10.1016/j.earscirev.2013.10.015},\n  isbn      = {0012-8252},\n  keywords  = {Conduction heat transport,Convection heat transport,Groundwater hydrology,Heat as a tracer,Hydrogeology,Temperature data},\n  publisher = {Elsevier B.V.},\n  type      = {Journal article},\n}\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  The dynamic distribution of thermal conditions present in saturated near-surface sediments have been widely utilised to quantify the flow of water. A rapidly increasing number of papers demonstrate that heat as a tracer is becoming an integral part of the toolbox used to investigate water flow in the environment. We summarise the existing body of research investigating natural and induced heat transport, and analyse the progression in fundamental and natural process understanding through the qualitative and quantitative use of heat as a tracer. Heat transport research in engineering applications partly overlaps with heat tracing research in the earth sciences but is more advanced in the fundamental understanding. Combining the findings from both areas can enhance our knowledge of the heat transport processes and highlight where research is needed. Heat tracing relies upon the mathematical heat transport equation which is subject to certain assumptions that are often neglected. This review reveals that, despite the research efforts to date, the capability of the Fourier-model applied to conductive-convective heat transport in water saturated natural materials has not yet been thoroughly tested. However, this is a prerequisite for accurate and meaningful heat transport modelling with the purpose of increasing our understanding of flow processes at different scales. This review reveals several knowledge gaps that impose significant limitations on practical applications of heat as a tracer of water flow. The review can be used as a guide for further research directions on the fundamental as well as the practical aspects of heat transport on various scales from the lab to the field. ?? 2013 Elsevier B.V.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"rutlidge-baker-marjo-andersen-graham-cuthbert-rau-roshan-etal-dripwaterorganicmatterandtraceelementgeochemistryinasemiaridkarstenvironmentimplicationsforspeleothempaleoclimatology-2014\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  Dripwater organic matter and trace element geochemistry in a semi-arid karst environment: Implications for speleothem paleoclimatology.\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Rutlidge, H.; Baker, A.; Marjo, C. E.; Andersen, M. S.; Graham, P. W.; Cuthbert, M. O.; <a class=\"bibbase author link\" href=\"https://gcrau.github.io/\">Rau, G. C.</a>; Roshan, H.; Markowska, M.; Mariethoz, G.;  and Jex, C. N.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  <i>Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta</i>, 135: 217-230.  2014.\n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2014.03.036\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('rutlidge-baker-marjo-andersen-graham-cuthbert-rau-roshan-etal-dripwaterorganicmatterandtraceelementgeochemistryinasemiaridkarstenvironmentimplicationsforspeleothempaleoclimatology-2014', 'http://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2014.03.036', event.ctrlKey)\"\n     class=\"bibbase doi link\">\n    <span>doi</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/rutlidge-baker-marjo-andersen-graham-cuthbert-rau-roshan-etal-dripwaterorganicmatterandtraceelementgeochemistryinasemiaridkarstenvironmentimplicationsforspeleothempaleoclimatology-2014\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('rutlidge-baker-marjo-andersen-graham-cuthbert-rau-roshan-etal-dripwaterorganicmatterandtraceelementgeochemistryinasemiaridkarstenvironmentimplicationsforspeleothempaleoclimatology-2014')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@Article{Rutlidge-2014,\n  author   = {Rutlidge, Helen and Baker, Andy and Marjo, Christopher E. and Andersen, Martin S. and Graham, Peter W. and Cuthbert, Mark O. and Rau, Gabriel C. and Roshan, Hamid and Markowska, Monika and Mariethoz, Gregoire and Jex, Catherine N.},\n  title    = {{Dripwater organic matter and trace element geochemistry in a semi-arid karst environment: Implications for speleothem paleoclimatology}},\n  journal  = {Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta},\n  year     = {2014},\n  date     = {2014-03-25},\n  volume   = {135},\n  pages    = {217-230},\n  issn     = {00167037},\n  if       = {4.315},\n  snip     = {1.583},\n  abstract = {A series of four short-term infiltration experiments which revealed hydrochemical responses relevant to semi-arid karst environments were carried out above Cathedral Cave, Wellington, New South Wales (NSW), Australia. Dripwater samples were collected at two sites for trace element and organic matter analysis. Organic matter was characterised using fluorescence and interpreted using a PARAFAC model. Three components were isolated that represented unprocessed, soil-derived humic-like and fulvic-like material, processed humic/fulvic-like material and tryptophan-like fluorescence. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) performed on the entire dataset comprising trace element concentrations and PARAFAC scores revealed two dominant components that were identified as soil and limestone bedrock. The soil component was assigned based on significant contributions from the PARAFAC scores and additionally included Ba, Cu, Ni and Mg. The bedrock component included the expected elements of Ca, Mg and Sr as well as Si. The same elemental behaviour was observed in recent stalagmite growth collected from the site. Our experiments demonstrate that existing paleoclimate interpretations of speleothem Mg and Sr, developed in regions of positive water balance, are not readily applicable to water limited environments. We provide a new interpretation of trace element signatures unique to speleothems from water limited karst environments. {\\textcopyright} 2014 Elsevier Ltd.},\n  doi      = {10.1016/j.gca.2014.03.036},\n  isbn     = {0016-7037},\n  type     = {Journal article},\n}\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  A series of four short-term infiltration experiments which revealed hydrochemical responses relevant to semi-arid karst environments were carried out above Cathedral Cave, Wellington, New South Wales (NSW), Australia. Dripwater samples were collected at two sites for trace element and organic matter analysis. Organic matter was characterised using fluorescence and interpreted using a PARAFAC model. Three components were isolated that represented unprocessed, soil-derived humic-like and fulvic-like material, processed humic/fulvic-like material and tryptophan-like fluorescence. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) performed on the entire dataset comprising trace element concentrations and PARAFAC scores revealed two dominant components that were identified as soil and limestone bedrock. The soil component was assigned based on significant contributions from the PARAFAC scores and additionally included Ba, Cu, Ni and Mg. The bedrock component included the expected elements of Ca, Mg and Sr as well as Si. The same elemental behaviour was observed in recent stalagmite growth collected from the site. Our experiments demonstrate that existing paleoclimate interpretations of speleothem Mg and Sr, developed in regions of positive water balance, are not readily applicable to water limited environments. We provide a new interpretation of trace element signatures unique to speleothems from water limited karst environments. © 2014 Elsevier Ltd.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"baker-acworth-andersen-cuthbert-graham-jex-mariethoz-marjo-etal-wateroxygenisotopesystematicsfromsourcetostalagmites-2014\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"http://goldschmidt.info/2014/abstracts/abstractView?abstractId=3371\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'baker-acworth-andersen-cuthbert-graham-jex-mariethoz-marjo-etal-wateroxygenisotopesystematicsfromsourcetostalagmites-2014', 'http://goldschmidt.info/2014/abstracts/abstractView?abstractId=3371', event);\">\n    Water Oxygen Isotope Systematics from Source to Stalagmites.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Baker, A.; Acworth, R. I.; Andersen, M.; Cuthbert, M.; Graham, P.; Jex, C.; Mariethoz, G.; Marjo, C.; Markowska, M.; <a class=\"bibbase author link\" href=\"https://gcrau.github.io/\">Rau, G. C</a>; Roshan, H.; Rutlidge, H.;  and Treble, P.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n   2014.<!-- NOTE FROM BIBBASE: This entry has an invalid bibtex entry type: conference. Therefore, we don't know how to render it properly. Please consider fixing this. -->\n  <span class=\"note\">Conference presentation</span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://goldschmidt.info/2014/abstracts/abstractView?abstractId=3371\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('baker-acworth-andersen-cuthbert-graham-jex-mariethoz-marjo-etal-wateroxygenisotopesystematicsfromsourcetostalagmites-2014', 'http://goldschmidt.info/2014/abstracts/abstractView?abstractId=3371', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"Water Oxygen Isotope Systematics from Source to Stalagmites [link]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/baker-acworth-andersen-cuthbert-graham-jex-mariethoz-marjo-etal-wateroxygenisotopesystematicsfromsourcetostalagmites-2014\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('baker-acworth-andersen-cuthbert-graham-jex-mariethoz-marjo-etal-wateroxygenisotopesystematicsfromsourcetostalagmites-2014')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@Conference{Baker-2014-conf,\n  author    = {Baker, A. and Acworth, R. I. and Andersen, M. and Cuthbert, M. and Graham, P. and Jex, C. and Mariethoz, G. and Marjo, C. and Markowska, M. and Rau, Gabriel C and Roshan, H. and Rutlidge, H. and Treble, P.},\n  title     = {Water Oxygen Isotope Systematics from Source to Stalagmites},\n  year      = {2014},\n  note      = {Conference presentation},\n  booktitle = {Goldschmidt 2014},\n  datespan  = {8-13 June 2014},\n  location  = {Sacramento, California, USA},\n  name      = {Goldschmidt 2014},\n  type      = {Conference presentation},\n  url       = {http://goldschmidt.info/2014/abstracts/abstractView?abstractId=3371},\n}\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"cuthbert-i-andersen-larsen-mccallum-rau-tellam-understandingthreedimensionalstreamaquiferinteractionsinanephemeralstreamcatchmentandimplicationsforgroundwaterrechargeestimation-2014\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"http://goldschmidt.info/2014/abstracts/abstractView?abstractId=3650\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'cuthbert-i-andersen-larsen-mccallum-rau-tellam-understandingthreedimensionalstreamaquiferinteractionsinanephemeralstreamcatchmentandimplicationsforgroundwaterrechargeestimation-2014', 'http://goldschmidt.info/2014/abstracts/abstractView?abstractId=3650', event);\">\n    Understanding three-dimensional stream-aquifer interactions in an ephemeral stream catchment and implications for groundwater recharge estimation.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Cuthbert, M O; I, A. R; Andersen, M S; Larsen, J R; McCallum, A M; <a class=\"bibbase author link\" href=\"https://gcrau.github.io/\">Rau, G. C</a>;  and Tellam, J H\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n   2014.<!-- NOTE FROM BIBBASE: This entry has an invalid bibtex entry type: conference. Therefore, we don't know how to render it properly. Please consider fixing this. -->\n  <span class=\"note\">Conference presentation</span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://goldschmidt.info/2014/abstracts/abstractView?abstractId=3650\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('cuthbert-i-andersen-larsen-mccallum-rau-tellam-understandingthreedimensionalstreamaquiferinteractionsinanephemeralstreamcatchmentandimplicationsforgroundwaterrechargeestimation-2014', 'http://goldschmidt.info/2014/abstracts/abstractView?abstractId=3650', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"Understanding three-dimensional stream-aquifer interactions in an ephemeral stream catchment and implications for groundwater recharge estimation [link]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/cuthbert-i-andersen-larsen-mccallum-rau-tellam-understandingthreedimensionalstreamaquiferinteractionsinanephemeralstreamcatchmentandimplicationsforgroundwaterrechargeestimation-2014\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('cuthbert-i-andersen-larsen-mccallum-rau-tellam-understandingthreedimensionalstreamaquiferinteractionsinanephemeralstreamcatchmentandimplicationsforgroundwaterrechargeestimation-2014')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@Conference{Cuthbert-2014-conf,\n  author    = {Cuthbert, M O and I, Acworth. R and Andersen, M S and Larsen, J R and McCallum, A M and Rau, Gabriel C and Tellam, J H},\n  title     = {Understanding three-dimensional stream-aquifer interactions in an ephemeral stream catchment and implications for groundwater recharge estimation},\n  year      = {2014},\n  note      = {Conference presentation},\n  booktitle = {41st IAH International Congress},\n  datespan  = {15 - 19 September 2014},\n  location  = {Marrakech, Morocco},\n  name      = {41st IAH International Congress},\n  type      = {Conference presentation},\n  url       = {http://goldschmidt.info/2014/abstracts/abstractView?abstractId=3650},\n}\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"markowska-baker-andersen-cuthbert-rau-jex-rutlidge-marjo-etal-whereisthewatergoinganirrigationexperimentusinganaturalisotopictracerinkarstseaustralia-2014\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  Where is the water going: An irrigation experiment using a natural isotopic tracer in karst SE, Australia.\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Markowska, M.; Baker, A.; Andersen, M. S.; Cuthbert, M. O.; <a class=\"bibbase author link\" href=\"https://gcrau.github.io/\">Rau, G. C</a>; Jex, C.; Rutlidge, H.; Marjo, C.; Roshan, H.;  and Treble, P.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n   2014.<!-- NOTE FROM BIBBASE: This entry has an invalid bibtex entry type: conference. Therefore, we don't know how to render it properly. Please consider fixing this. -->\n  <span class=\"note\">Conference presentation</span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/markowska-baker-andersen-cuthbert-rau-jex-rutlidge-marjo-etal-whereisthewatergoinganirrigationexperimentusinganaturalisotopictracerinkarstseaustralia-2014\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('markowska-baker-andersen-cuthbert-rau-jex-rutlidge-marjo-etal-whereisthewatergoinganirrigationexperimentusinganaturalisotopictracerinkarstseaustralia-2014')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@Conference{Markowska-2014-conf,\n  author    = {Markowska, M. and Baker, A. and Andersen, M. S. and Cuthbert, M. O. and Rau, Gabriel C and Jex, C. and Rutlidge, H. and Marjo, C. and Roshan, H. and Treble, P.},\n  title     = {Where is the water going: An irrigation experiment using a natural isotopic tracer in karst SE, Australia},\n  year      = {2014},\n  note      = {Conference presentation},\n  booktitle = {EGU General Assembly},\n  datespan  = {27 April - 02 May 2014},\n  location  = {Vienna, Austria},\n  name      = {EGU General Assembly},\n  type      = {Conference presentation},\n}\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"rau-frecker-andersen-unland-hofmann-gilfedder-atkinson-cuthbert-etal-combiningradonandheatastracerstocharacterisesurfacewaterandgroundwaterexchangepathways-2014\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  Combining Radon and heat as tracers to characterise surface water and groundwater exchange pathways.\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  <a class=\"bibbase author link\" href=\"https://gcrau.github.io/\">Rau, G. C</a>; Frecker, J.; Andersen, M. S.; Unland, N.; Hofmann, H.; Gilfedder, B. S.; Atkinson, A.; Cuthbert, M.; McCallum, A.; Roshan, H.; Cartwright, I.; Hollins, S.;  and Acworth, R. I.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n   2014.<!-- NOTE FROM BIBBASE: This entry has an invalid bibtex entry type: conference. Therefore, we don't know how to render it properly. Please consider fixing this. -->\n  <span class=\"note\">Conference presentation</span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/rau-frecker-andersen-unland-hofmann-gilfedder-atkinson-cuthbert-etal-combiningradonandheatastracerstocharacterisesurfacewaterandgroundwaterexchangepathways-2014\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('rau-frecker-andersen-unland-hofmann-gilfedder-atkinson-cuthbert-etal-combiningradonandheatastracerstocharacterisesurfacewaterandgroundwaterexchangepathways-2014')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@Conference{Rau-2014-conf,\n  author    = {Rau, Gabriel C and Frecker, J. and Andersen, M. S. and Unland, N. and Hofmann, H. and Gilfedder, B. S. and Atkinson, A. and Cuthbert, M. and McCallum, A. and Roshan, H. and Cartwright, I. and Hollins, S. and Acworth, R. I.},\n  title     = {Combining Radon and heat as tracers to characterise surface water and groundwater exchange pathways},\n  year      = {2014},\n  note      = {Conference presentation},\n  booktitle = {EGU General Assembly},\n  datespan  = {27 April - 02 May 2014},\n  location  = {Vienna, Austria},\n  name      = {EGU General Assembly},\n  type      = {Conference presentation},\n}\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"rutlidge-andersen-graham-cuthbert-rau-roshan-markowska-marjo-etal-artificialinfiltrationsinforminginterpretationoftraceelementrecordsinspeleothems-2014\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  Artificial infiltrations informing interpretation of trace element records in speleothems.\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Rutlidge, H T; Andersen, M S; Graham, P W; Cuthbert, M O; <a class=\"bibbase author link\" href=\"https://gcrau.github.io/\">Rau, G. C</a>; Roshan, H; Markowska, M; Marjo, C;  and Baker, A\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n   2014.<!-- NOTE FROM BIBBASE: This entry has an invalid bibtex entry type: conference. Therefore, we don't know how to render it properly. Please consider fixing this. -->\n  <span class=\"note\">Conference presentation</span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/rutlidge-andersen-graham-cuthbert-rau-roshan-markowska-marjo-etal-artificialinfiltrationsinforminginterpretationoftraceelementrecordsinspeleothems-2014\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('rutlidge-andersen-graham-cuthbert-rau-roshan-markowska-marjo-etal-artificialinfiltrationsinforminginterpretationoftraceelementrecordsinspeleothems-2014')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@Conference{Rutlidge-2014-confa,\n  author    = {Rutlidge, H T and Andersen, M S and Graham, P W and Cuthbert, M O and Rau, Gabriel C and Roshan, H and Markowska, M and Marjo, C and Baker, A},\n  title     = {Artificial infiltrations informing interpretation of trace element records in speleothems},\n  year      = {2014},\n  note      = {Conference presentation},\n  booktitle = {Climate Change: The Karst Record VII (KR7)},\n  datespan  = {29 September - 3 October 2014},\n  location  = {University of Melbourne, Australia},\n  name      = {Climate Change: The Karst Record VII (KR7)},\n  type      = {Conference presentation},\n}\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"keshavarzi-graham-baker-kelly-andersen-rau-acworth-smithson-understandingrivergroundwaterinteractionsinakarstsystemwellingtonnsw-2014\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  Understanding River - Groundwater Interactions in a Karst System, Wellington, NSW.\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Keshavarzi, M; Graham, P; Baker, A; Kelly, B F; Andersen, M S; Rau, G; Acworth, R I;  and Smithson, A\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n   2014.<!-- NOTE FROM BIBBASE: This entry has an invalid bibtex entry type: conference. Therefore, we don't know how to render it properly. Please consider fixing this. -->\n  <span class=\"note\">Conference poster</span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/keshavarzi-graham-baker-kelly-andersen-rau-acworth-smithson-understandingrivergroundwaterinteractionsinakarstsystemwellingtonnsw-2014\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('keshavarzi-graham-baker-kelly-andersen-rau-acworth-smithson-understandingrivergroundwaterinteractionsinakarstsystemwellingtonnsw-2014')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@Conference{Keshavarzi-2014-conf,\n  author    = {Keshavarzi, M and Graham, P and Baker, A and Kelly, B F and Andersen, M S and Rau, G and Acworth, R I and Smithson, A},\n  title     = {Understanding River - Groundwater Interactions in a Karst System, Wellington, NSW},\n  year      = {2014},\n  note      = {Conference poster},\n  booktitle = {Australian Earth Science Convention 2014},\n  datespan  = {7 - 10 July 2014},\n  location  = {Newcastle, Australia},\n  name      = {Australian Earth Science Convention 2014},\n  type      = {Conference poster},\n}\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"rutlidge-andersen-rau-cuthbert-graham-unland-hofmann-gilfidder-etal-useoffluorescenceinconjunctionwithradonactivitytomonitorgroundwatersurfacewaterinteractionsinasystemunderstress-2014\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  Use of fluorescence in conjunction with radon activity to monitor groundwater-surface water interactions in a system under stress.\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Rutlidge, H T; Andersen, M S; <a class=\"bibbase author link\" href=\"https://gcrau.github.io/\">Rau, G. C</a>; Cuthbert, M O; Graham, P W; Unland, N P; Hofmann, H; Gilfidder, B S; Atkinson, A; Cartwright, I; Halloran, L J S;  and Baker, A\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n   2014.<!-- NOTE FROM BIBBASE: This entry has an invalid bibtex entry type: conference. Therefore, we don't know how to render it properly. Please consider fixing this. -->\n  <span class=\"note\">Conference poster</span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/rutlidge-andersen-rau-cuthbert-graham-unland-hofmann-gilfidder-etal-useoffluorescenceinconjunctionwithradonactivitytomonitorgroundwatersurfacewaterinteractionsinasystemunderstress-2014\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('rutlidge-andersen-rau-cuthbert-graham-unland-hofmann-gilfidder-etal-useoffluorescenceinconjunctionwithradonactivitytomonitorgroundwatersurfacewaterinteractionsinasystemunderstress-2014')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@Conference{Rutlidge-2014-conf,\n  author    = {Rutlidge, H T and Andersen, M S and Rau, Gabriel C and Cuthbert, M O and Graham, P W and Unland, N P and Hofmann, H and Gilfidder, B S and Atkinson, A and Cartwright, I and Halloran, L J S and Baker, A},\n  title     = {Use of fluorescence in conjunction with radon activity to monitor groundwater-surface water interactions in a system under stress},\n  year      = {2014},\n  note      = {Conference poster},\n  booktitle = {Goldschmidt},\n  datespan  = {8 - 13 June 2014},\n  location  = {Sacramento, CA, USA},\n  name      = {Goldschmidt},\n  type      = {Conference poster},\n}\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n\n\n\n    </div>\n  </div>\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_group_whole\" id=\"group_2013\">\n    <div class=\"bibbase_group\"\n      onclick=\"toggleGroup('group_2013')\"\n      onkeypress=\"toggleGroup('group_2013')\"\n      tabindex=\"0\">\n      <i class=\"fa fa-angle-down bibbase_group_head_icon\"></i>&nbsp;\n      <span>2013</span>\n      <span class=\"bibbase_group_count\">\n        \n        (11)\n        \n      </span>\n    </div>\n    <div class=\"bibbase_group_body\">\n      \n  \n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"kelly-timms-andersen-mccallum-blakers-smith-rau-badenhop-etal-aquiferheterogeneityandresponsetimethechallengeforgroundwatermanagement-2013\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  Aquifer heterogeneity and response time: the challenge for groundwater management.\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Kelly, B. F J; Timms, W. A.; Andersen, M. S.; McCallum, A. M.; Blakers, R. S.; Smith, R.; <a class=\"bibbase author link\" href=\"https://gcrau.github.io/\">Rau, G. C</a>; Badenhop, A.; Ludowici, K.;  and Acworth, R. I.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  <i>Crop and Pasture Science</i>, 64(11-12): 1141-1154.  2013.\n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.org/10.1071/CP13084\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('kelly-timms-andersen-mccallum-blakers-smith-rau-badenhop-etal-aquiferheterogeneityandresponsetimethechallengeforgroundwatermanagement-2013', 'http://doi.org/10.1071/CP13084', event.ctrlKey)\"\n     class=\"bibbase doi link\">\n    <span>doi</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/kelly-timms-andersen-mccallum-blakers-smith-rau-badenhop-etal-aquiferheterogeneityandresponsetimethechallengeforgroundwatermanagement-2013\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('kelly-timms-andersen-mccallum-blakers-smith-rau-badenhop-etal-aquiferheterogeneityandresponsetimethechallengeforgroundwatermanagement-2013')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@Article{Kelly-2013,\n  author   = {Kelly, B. F J and Timms, W. A. and Andersen, M. S. and McCallum, A. M. and Blakers, R. S. and Smith, R. and Rau, Gabriel C and Badenhop, A. and Ludowici, K. and Acworth, R. I.},\n  title    = {{Aquifer heterogeneity and response time: the challenge for groundwater management}},\n  journal  = {Crop and Pasture Science},\n  year     = {2013},\n  date     = {2013-11-06},\n  volume   = {64},\n  number   = {11-12},\n  pages    = {1141-1154},\n  issn     = {1836-0947},\n  abstract = {Groundwater is an important contributor to irrigation water supplies. The time lag between withdrawal and the subsequent impacts on the river corridor presents a challenge for water management. We highlight aspects of this challenge by examining trends in the groundwater levels and changes in groundwater management goals for the Namoi Catchment, which is within the Murray-Darling Basin, Australia. The first high-volume irrigation bore was installed in the cotton-growing districts in the Namoi Catchment in 1966. The development of high-yielding bores made accessible a vast new water supply, enabling cotton growers to buffer the droughts. Prior to the development of a groundwater resource it is difficult to accurately predict how the water at the point of withdrawal is hydraulically connected to recharge zones and nearby surface-water features. This is due to the heterogeneity of the sediments from which the water is withdrawn. It can take years or decades for the impact of groundwater withdrawal to be transmitted kilometres through the aquifer system. We present the analysis of both historical and new groundwater level and streamflow data to quantify the impacts of extensive groundwater withdrawals on the watertable, hydraulic gradients within the semi-confined aquifers, and the movement of water between rivers and aquifers. The results highlight the need to monitor the impacts of irrigated agriculture at both the regional and local scales, and the need for additional research on how to optimise the conjunctive use of both surface-water and groundwater to sustain irrigated agriculture while minimising the impact on groundwater-dependent ecosystems.},\n  doi      = {10.1071/CP13084},\n  isbn     = {1836-0947},\n  keywords = {cotton,ecohydrology,groundwater,hydrology,irrigation,surface-water},\n  language = {English},\n  type     = {Journal article},\n}\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  Groundwater is an important contributor to irrigation water supplies. The time lag between withdrawal and the subsequent impacts on the river corridor presents a challenge for water management. We highlight aspects of this challenge by examining trends in the groundwater levels and changes in groundwater management goals for the Namoi Catchment, which is within the Murray-Darling Basin, Australia. The first high-volume irrigation bore was installed in the cotton-growing districts in the Namoi Catchment in 1966. The development of high-yielding bores made accessible a vast new water supply, enabling cotton growers to buffer the droughts. Prior to the development of a groundwater resource it is difficult to accurately predict how the water at the point of withdrawal is hydraulically connected to recharge zones and nearby surface-water features. This is due to the heterogeneity of the sediments from which the water is withdrawn. It can take years or decades for the impact of groundwater withdrawal to be transmitted kilometres through the aquifer system. We present the analysis of both historical and new groundwater level and streamflow data to quantify the impacts of extensive groundwater withdrawals on the watertable, hydraulic gradients within the semi-confined aquifers, and the movement of water between rivers and aquifers. The results highlight the need to monitor the impacts of irrigated agriculture at both the regional and local scales, and the need for additional research on how to optimise the conjunctive use of both surface-water and groundwater to sustain irrigated agriculture while minimising the impact on groundwater-dependent ecosystems.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"turner-rau-andersen-austin-puleo-masselink-coastalsandbarrierhydrologyobservationsfromthebardexiiprototypescalelaboratoryexperiment-2013\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"http://www.jcronline.org/doi/abs/10.2112/SI65-319.1?code=cerf-site\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'turner-rau-andersen-austin-puleo-masselink-coastalsandbarrierhydrologyobservationsfromthebardexiiprototypescalelaboratoryexperiment-2013', 'http://www.jcronline.org/doi/abs/10.2112/SI65-319.1?code=cerf-site', event);\">\n    Coastal sand barrier hydrology - Observations from the BARDEX II prototype-scale laboratory experiment.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Turner, I.; <a class=\"bibbase author link\" href=\"https://gcrau.github.io/\">Rau, G. C.</a>; Andersen, M.; Austin, M.; Puleo, J.;  and Masselink, G.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  <i>Journal of Coastal Research</i>, 165(SI 65): 1886-1891.  2013.\n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://www.jcronline.org/doi/abs/10.2112/SI65-319.1?code=cerf-site\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('turner-rau-andersen-austin-puleo-masselink-coastalsandbarrierhydrologyobservationsfromthebardexiiprototypescalelaboratoryexperiment-2013', 'http://www.jcronline.org/doi/abs/10.2112/SI65-319.1?code=cerf-site', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"Coastal sand barrier hydrology - Observations from the BARDEX II prototype-scale laboratory experiment [link]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.org/10.2112/SI65-319\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('turner-rau-andersen-austin-puleo-masselink-coastalsandbarrierhydrologyobservationsfromthebardexiiprototypescalelaboratoryexperiment-2013', 'http://doi.org/10.2112/SI65-319', event.ctrlKey)\"\n     class=\"bibbase doi link\">\n    <span>doi</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/turner-rau-andersen-austin-puleo-masselink-coastalsandbarrierhydrologyobservationsfromthebardexiiprototypescalelaboratoryexperiment-2013\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('turner-rau-andersen-austin-puleo-masselink-coastalsandbarrierhydrologyobservationsfromthebardexiiprototypescalelaboratoryexperiment-2013')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@Article{Turner-2013,\n  author   = {Turner, I.L. and Rau, Gabriel CC. and Andersen, M.S. and Austin, M.J. and Puleo, J.A. and Masselink, G.},\n  title    = {{Coastal sand barrier hydrology - Observations from the BARDEX II prototype-scale laboratory experiment}},\n  journal  = {Journal of Coastal Research},\n  year     = {2013},\n  date     = {2013-03-06},\n  volume   = {165},\n  number   = {SI 65},\n  pages    = {1886-1891},\n  issn     = {07490208 15515036},\n  if       = {0.852},\n  snip     = {0.732},\n  abstract = {The dynamics of groundwater at the land-ocean boundary has important implications to the exchange of water, nutrients and pollutants between the ocean and coastal aquifers, and varying groundwater levels may induce differing morphological response (erosion versus accretion) at the beachface. As a component of the Barrier Dynamics Experiment BARDEX II (Hydrolab IV) completed during June-July 2012 in the Delta Flume (The Netherlands), an extensive test program was undertaken to acquire a comprehensive data set of groundwater levels, pressure fluctuations, flow paths and tracer dispersion beneath the beachface and across the width of a prototype-scale sand barrier (D50 = 0.42mm). A particular feature of the experiment was the inclusion of a landward &#x27;lagoon&#x27; and pump system that enabled the water levels on both the seaward and landward side of the barrier to be independently varied. The completion of these experiments complimented the previous BARDEX test program undertaken in the same test facility in 2008, where a gravel barrier (D 50 = 10mm) was subjected to similar wave and lagoon-sea water-level conditions. An overview of the barrier hydrology instrumentation deployed and data obtained is provided here. {\\textcopyright} Coastal Education {\\&amp;} Research Foundation 2013.},\n  doi      = {10.2112/SI65-319},\n  isbn     = {0749-0208},\n  keywords = {Coastal aquifer,Groundwater,Hydrology,Swash infiltration-exfiltration,Water table},\n  language = {English},\n  type     = {Journal article},\n  url      = {http://www.jcronline.org/doi/abs/10.2112/SI65-319.1?code=cerf-site},\n}\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  The dynamics of groundwater at the land-ocean boundary has important implications to the exchange of water, nutrients and pollutants between the ocean and coastal aquifers, and varying groundwater levels may induce differing morphological response (erosion versus accretion) at the beachface. As a component of the Barrier Dynamics Experiment BARDEX II (Hydrolab IV) completed during June-July 2012 in the Delta Flume (The Netherlands), an extensive test program was undertaken to acquire a comprehensive data set of groundwater levels, pressure fluctuations, flow paths and tracer dispersion beneath the beachface and across the width of a prototype-scale sand barrier (D50 = 0.42mm). A particular feature of the experiment was the inclusion of a landward 'lagoon' and pump system that enabled the water levels on both the seaward and landward side of the barrier to be independently varied. The completion of these experiments complimented the previous BARDEX test program undertaken in the same test facility in 2008, where a gravel barrier (D 50 = 10mm) was subjected to similar wave and lagoon-sea water-level conditions. An overview of the barrier hydrology instrumentation deployed and data obtained is provided here. © Coastal Education & Research Foundation 2013.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"unland-cartwright-andersen-rau-reed-gilfedder-atkinson-hofmann-investigatingthespatiotemporalvariabilityingroundwaterandsurfacewaterinteractionsamultitechniqueapproach-2013\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  Investigating the spatio-temporal variability in groundwater and surface water interactions: A multi-technique approach.\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Unland, N. P.; Cartwright, I.; Andersen, M. S.; <a class=\"bibbase author link\" href=\"https://gcrau.github.io/\">Rau, G. C</a>; Reed, J.; Gilfedder, B. S.; Atkinson, A. P.;  and Hofmann, H.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  <i>Hydrology and Earth System Sciences</i>, 17(9): 3437-3453.  2013.\n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.org/10.5194/hess-17-3437-2013\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('unland-cartwright-andersen-rau-reed-gilfedder-atkinson-hofmann-investigatingthespatiotemporalvariabilityingroundwaterandsurfacewaterinteractionsamultitechniqueapproach-2013', 'http://doi.org/10.5194/hess-17-3437-2013', event.ctrlKey)\"\n     class=\"bibbase doi link\">\n    <span>doi</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/unland-cartwright-andersen-rau-reed-gilfedder-atkinson-hofmann-investigatingthespatiotemporalvariabilityingroundwaterandsurfacewaterinteractionsamultitechniqueapproach-2013\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('unland-cartwright-andersen-rau-reed-gilfedder-atkinson-hofmann-investigatingthespatiotemporalvariabilityingroundwaterandsurfacewaterinteractionsamultitechniqueapproach-2013')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@Article{Unland-2013,\n  author   = {Unland, N. P. and Cartwright, I. and Andersen, M. S. and Rau, Gabriel C and Reed, J. and Gilfedder, B. S. and Atkinson, A. P. and Hofmann, H.},\n  title    = {{Investigating the spatio-temporal variability in groundwater and surface water interactions: A multi-technique approach}},\n  journal  = {Hydrology and Earth System Sciences},\n  year     = {2013},\n  date     = {2013-07-29},\n  volume   = {17},\n  number   = {9},\n  pages    = {3437-3453},\n  issn     = {10275606},\n  if       = {3.990},\n  snip     = {1.392},\n  abstract = {The interaction between groundwater and surface water along the Tambo and Nichol-son Rivers, southeast Australia, was investigated using 222 Rn, Cl, differential flow gauging, head gradients, electrical conductivity (EC) and temperature profiling. Head gradients, temperature profiles, Cl concentrations and 222 Rn activities all indicate 5 higher groundwater fluxes to the Tambo River in areas of increased topographic variation where the potential to form large groundwater�surface water gradients is greater. Groundwater discharge to the Tambo River calculated by Cl mass balance was significantly lower (1.48 � 10 4 to 1.41 � 10 3 m 3 day -1) than discharge estimated by 222 Rn mass balance (5.35 � 10 5 to 9.56 � 10 3 m 3 day -1) and differential flow gaug-10 ing (5.41 � 10 5 to 6.30 � 10 3 m 3 day -1). While groundwater sampling from the bank of the Tambo River was intended to account for the variability in groundwater chemistry associated with river-bank interaction, the spatial variability under which these inter-actions occurs remained unaccounted for, limiting the use of Cl as an effective tracer. Groundwater discharge to both the Tambo and Nicholson Rivers was the highest un-15 der high flow conditions in the days to weeks following significant rainfall, indicating that the rivers are well connected to a groundwater system that is responsive to rain-fall. Groundwater constituted the lowest proportion of river discharge during times of increased rainfall that followed dry periods, while groundwater constituted the highest proportion of river discharge under baseflow conditions (21.4 {\\%} of the Tambo in April 20 2010 and 18.9 {\\%} of the Nicholson in September 2010).},\n  doi      = {10.5194/hess-17-3437-2013},\n  language = {English},\n  type     = {Journal article},\n}\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  The interaction between groundwater and surface water along the Tambo and Nichol-son Rivers, southeast Australia, was investigated using 222 Rn, Cl, differential flow gauging, head gradients, electrical conductivity (EC) and temperature profiling. Head gradients, temperature profiles, Cl concentrations and 222 Rn activities all indicate 5 higher groundwater fluxes to the Tambo River in areas of increased topographic variation where the potential to form large groundwater�surface water gradients is greater. Groundwater discharge to the Tambo River calculated by Cl mass balance was significantly lower (1.48 � 10 4 to 1.41 � 10 3 m 3 day -1) than discharge estimated by 222 Rn mass balance (5.35 � 10 5 to 9.56 � 10 3 m 3 day -1) and differential flow gaug-10 ing (5.41 � 10 5 to 6.30 � 10 3 m 3 day -1). While groundwater sampling from the bank of the Tambo River was intended to account for the variability in groundwater chemistry associated with river-bank interaction, the spatial variability under which these inter-actions occurs remained unaccounted for, limiting the use of Cl as an effective tracer. Groundwater discharge to both the Tambo and Nicholson Rivers was the highest un-15 der high flow conditions in the days to weeks following significant rainfall, indicating that the rivers are well connected to a groundwater system that is responsive to rain-fall. Groundwater constituted the lowest proportion of river discharge during times of increased rainfall that followed dry periods, while groundwater constituted the highest proportion of river discharge under baseflow conditions (21.4 % of the Tambo in April 20 2010 and 18.9 % of the Nicholson in September 2010).\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"andersen-cuthbert-rau-baker-roshan-rutlidge-marjo-markowska-etal-dripwatertemperaturesincavessurfacesignalsorcaveprocessesimplicationsforspeleothemdepositsandpaleoclimatearchives-2013\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  Drip-water temperatures in caves: Surface signals or cave processes? Implications for speleothem deposits and paleoclimate archives.\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Andersen, M S; Cuthbert, M O; <a class=\"bibbase author link\" href=\"https://gcrau.github.io/\">Rau, G. C</a>; Baker, A; Roshan, H; Rutlidge, H; Marjo, C; Markowska, M;  and Graham, P W\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n   2013.<!-- NOTE FROM BIBBASE: This entry has an invalid bibtex entry type: conference. Therefore, we don't know how to render it properly. Please consider fixing this. -->\n  <span class=\"note\">Conference presentation</span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/andersen-cuthbert-rau-baker-roshan-rutlidge-marjo-markowska-etal-dripwatertemperaturesincavessurfacesignalsorcaveprocessesimplicationsforspeleothemdepositsandpaleoclimatearchives-2013\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('andersen-cuthbert-rau-baker-roshan-rutlidge-marjo-markowska-etal-dripwatertemperaturesincavessurfacesignalsorcaveprocessesimplicationsforspeleothemdepositsandpaleoclimatearchives-2013')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@Conference{Andersen-2013-conf,\n  author    = {Andersen, M S and Cuthbert, M O and Rau, Gabriel C and Baker, A and Roshan, H and Rutlidge, H and Marjo, C and Markowska, M and Graham, P W},\n  title     = {Drip-water temperatures in caves: Surface signals or cave processes? Implications for speleothem deposits and paleoclimate archives},\n  year      = {2013},\n  note      = {Conference presentation},\n  booktitle = {AGU Fall Meeting},\n  datespan  = {9-13 Dec 2013},\n  location  = {San Francisco, CA, USA},\n  name      = {AGU Fall Meeting},\n  type      = {Conference presentation},\n}\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"andersen-cuthbert-rau-baker-roshan-rutlidge-marjo-markowska-etal-dripwatertemperaturesincavessurfacesignalsorcaveprocessesimplicationsforspeleothemdepositsandpaleoclimatearchives-2013\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  Drip-Water Temperatures in Caves: Surface Signals or Cave Processes? – Implications for Speleothem Deposits and Paleoclimate Archives.\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Andersen, M. S.; Cuthbert, M. O.; <a class=\"bibbase author link\" href=\"https://gcrau.github.io/\">Rau, G. C.</a>; Baker, A.; Roshan, H.; Rutlidge, H.; Marjo, C.; Markowska, M.; Graham, P. W.;  and Mariethoz, G.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n   2013.<!-- NOTE FROM BIBBASE: This entry has an invalid bibtex entry type: conference. Therefore, we don't know how to render it properly. Please consider fixing this. -->\n  <span class=\"note\">Conference presentation</span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/andersen-cuthbert-rau-baker-roshan-rutlidge-marjo-markowska-etal-dripwatertemperaturesincavessurfacesignalsorcaveprocessesimplicationsforspeleothemdepositsandpaleoclimatearchives-2013\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('andersen-cuthbert-rau-baker-roshan-rutlidge-marjo-markowska-etal-dripwatertemperaturesincavessurfacesignalsorcaveprocessesimplicationsforspeleothemdepositsandpaleoclimatearchives-2013')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@Conference{Andersen-2013-confa,\n  author    = {Andersen, Martin S. and Cuthbert, Mark O. and Rau, Gabriel C. and Baker, Andy and Roshan, Hamid and Rutlidge, Helen and Marjo, Chris and Markowska, Monika and Graham, Peter W. and Mariethoz, Gregoire},\n  title     = {Drip-Water Temperatures in Caves: Surface Signals or Cave Processes? – Implications for Speleothem Deposits and Paleoclimate Archives},\n  year      = {2013},\n  note      = {Conference presentation},\n  booktitle = {AGU Fall Meeting},\n  datespan  = {9-13 Dec 2013},\n  location  = {San Francisco, USA},\n  name      = {AGU Fall Meeting},\n  type      = {Conference presentation},\n}\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"andersen-cuthbert-rau-roshan-rutlidge-marjo-markowska-graham-etal-agroundwaterrechargeexperimentinkarstwellingtoncavesnsw-2013\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  A groundwater recharge experiment in karst: Wellington Caves, NSW.\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Andersen, M. S.; Cuthbert, M. O.; <a class=\"bibbase author link\" href=\"https://gcrau.github.io/\">Rau, G. C.</a>; Roshan, H.; Rutlidge, H.; Marjo, C.; Markowska, M.; Graham, P.; Mariethoz, G.;  and Baker, A.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n   2013.<!-- NOTE FROM BIBBASE: This entry has an invalid bibtex entry type: conference. Therefore, we don't know how to render it properly. Please consider fixing this. -->\n  <span class=\"note\">Conference presentation</span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/andersen-cuthbert-rau-roshan-rutlidge-marjo-markowska-graham-etal-agroundwaterrechargeexperimentinkarstwellingtoncavesnsw-2013\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('andersen-cuthbert-rau-roshan-rutlidge-marjo-markowska-graham-etal-agroundwaterrechargeexperimentinkarstwellingtoncavesnsw-2013')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@Conference{Andersen-2013-confb,\n  author    = {Andersen, Martin. S. and Cuthbert, Mark O. and Rau, Gabriel C. and Roshan, Hamid and Rutlidge, Helen and Marjo, Chris and Markowska, Monika and Graham, Peter and Mariethoz, Gregoire and Baker, Andy},\n  title     = {A groundwater recharge experiment in karst: Wellington Caves, NSW},\n  year      = {2013},\n  note      = {Conference presentation},\n  booktitle = {40th IAH International Convention},\n  datespan  = {15-20 Sept 2013},\n  location  = {Perth, Australia},\n  name      = {40th IAH International Convention},\n  type      = {Conference presentation},\n}\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"halloran-roshan-rau-mccallum-andersen-acworth-effectsoffloodsandgroundwaterpumpingonhyporheicflowsmeasuredbycoiledfibreopticdistributedtemperaturesensing-2013\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  Effects of floods and groundwater pumping on hyporheic flows measured by coiled fibre-optic distributed temperature sensing.\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Halloran, L. J. S.; Roshan, H.; <a class=\"bibbase author link\" href=\"https://gcrau.github.io/\">Rau, G. C</a>; McCallum, A. M.; Andersen, M. S.;  and Acworth, R. I.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n   2013.<!-- NOTE FROM BIBBASE: This entry has an invalid bibtex entry type: conference. Therefore, we don't know how to render it properly. Please consider fixing this. -->\n  <span class=\"note\">Conference presentation</span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/halloran-roshan-rau-mccallum-andersen-acworth-effectsoffloodsandgroundwaterpumpingonhyporheicflowsmeasuredbycoiledfibreopticdistributedtemperaturesensing-2013\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('halloran-roshan-rau-mccallum-andersen-acworth-effectsoffloodsandgroundwaterpumpingonhyporheicflowsmeasuredbycoiledfibreopticdistributedtemperaturesensing-2013')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@Conference{Halloran-2013-conf,\n  author    = {Halloran, L. J. S. and Roshan, H. and Rau, Gabriel C and McCallum, A. M. and Andersen, M. S. and Acworth, R. I.},\n  title     = {Effects of floods and groundwater pumping on hyporheic flows measured by coiled fibre-optic distributed temperature sensing},\n  year      = {2013},\n  note      = {Conference presentation},\n  booktitle = {40th IAH International Convention},\n  datespan  = {15-20 Sept 2013},\n  location  = {Perth, Australia},\n  name      = {40th IAH International Convention},\n  type      = {Conference presentation},\n}\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"mccallum-cuthbert-roshan-rau-andersen-acworth-estimatingsurfacewatergroundwaterinteractionsusingtemperaturetimeseriesfornonuniformandtransientconditions-2013\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  Estimating surface water groundwater interactions using temperature time series for non-uniform and transient conditions.\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  McCallum, A. M.; Cuthbert, M. O.; Roshan, H.; <a class=\"bibbase author link\" href=\"https://gcrau.github.io/\">Rau, G. C.</a>; Andersen, M. S.;  and Acworth, R.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n   2013.<!-- NOTE FROM BIBBASE: This entry has an invalid bibtex entry type: conference. Therefore, we don't know how to render it properly. Please consider fixing this. -->\n  <span class=\"note\">Conference presentation</span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/mccallum-cuthbert-roshan-rau-andersen-acworth-estimatingsurfacewatergroundwaterinteractionsusingtemperaturetimeseriesfornonuniformandtransientconditions-2013\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('mccallum-cuthbert-roshan-rau-andersen-acworth-estimatingsurfacewatergroundwaterinteractionsusingtemperaturetimeseriesfornonuniformandtransientconditions-2013')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@Conference{McCallum-2013-conf,\n  author    = {McCallum, A. M. and Cuthbert, M. O. and Roshan, H. and Rau, Gabriel CC. and Andersen, M. S. and Acworth, R.I.},\n  title     = {Estimating surface water groundwater interactions using temperature time series for non-uniform and transient conditions},\n  year      = {2013},\n  note      = {Conference presentation},\n  booktitle = {40th IAH International Convention},\n  datespan  = {15-20 Sept 2013},\n  location  = {Perth, Australia},\n  name      = {40th IAH International Convention},\n  type      = {Conference presentation},\n}\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"rau-andersen-roshan-cuthbert-acworth-heatasatracerofgroundwaterflowrecentadvancesandfuturechallenges-2013\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  Heat as a Tracer of Groundwater Flow: Recent Advances and Future Challenges.\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  <a class=\"bibbase author link\" href=\"https://gcrau.github.io/\">Rau, G. C.</a>; Andersen, M. M.; Roshan, H.; Cuthbert, M.;  and Acworth, R.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n   2013.<!-- NOTE FROM BIBBASE: This entry has an invalid bibtex entry type: conference. Therefore, we don't know how to render it properly. Please consider fixing this. -->\n  <span class=\"note\">Conference presentation</span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/rau-andersen-roshan-cuthbert-acworth-heatasatracerofgroundwaterflowrecentadvancesandfuturechallenges-2013\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('rau-andersen-roshan-cuthbert-acworth-heatasatracerofgroundwaterflowrecentadvancesandfuturechallenges-2013')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@Conference{Rau-2013-conf,\n  author    = {Rau, Gabriel CC. and Andersen, M.S. McCallum, A.M. and Roshan, H. and Cuthbert, M. and Acworth, R.I.},\n  title     = {Heat as a Tracer of Groundwater Flow: Recent Advances and Future Challenges},\n  year      = {2013},\n  note      = {Conference presentation},\n  booktitle = {40th IAH International Convention},\n  datespan  = {15-20 Sept 2013},\n  location  = {Perth, Australia},\n  name      = {40th IAH International Convention},\n  special   = {Keynote Presentation},\n  type      = {Conference presentation},\n}\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"rutlidge-baker-marjo-andersen-graham-cuthbert-rau-roshan-etal-infiltrationwaterorganicmatterandtraceelementgeochemistryinasemiaridkarstenvironmentimplicationsforspeleothempaleoclimatology-2013\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  Infiltration water organic matter and trace element geochemistry in a semi-arid karst environment: implications for speleothem paleoclimatology.\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Rutlidge, H.; Baker, A.; Marjo, C.; Andersen, M. S.; Graham, P. W.; Cuthbert, M. O.; <a class=\"bibbase author link\" href=\"https://gcrau.github.io/\">Rau, G. C.</a>; Roshan, H.; Markowska, M.;  and Kelloway, S.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n   2013.<!-- NOTE FROM BIBBASE: This entry has an invalid bibtex entry type: conference. Therefore, we don't know how to render it properly. Please consider fixing this. -->\n  <span class=\"note\">Conference presentation</span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/rutlidge-baker-marjo-andersen-graham-cuthbert-rau-roshan-etal-infiltrationwaterorganicmatterandtraceelementgeochemistryinasemiaridkarstenvironmentimplicationsforspeleothempaleoclimatology-2013\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('rutlidge-baker-marjo-andersen-graham-cuthbert-rau-roshan-etal-infiltrationwaterorganicmatterandtraceelementgeochemistryinasemiaridkarstenvironmentimplicationsforspeleothempaleoclimatology-2013')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@Conference{Rutlidge-2013-conf,\n  author    = {Rutlidge, Helen and Baker, Andy and Marjo, Chris and Andersen, Martin S. and Graham, Peter W. and Cuthbert, Mark O. and Rau, Gabriel C. and Roshan, Hamid and Markowska, Monika and Kelloway, Sarah},\n  title     = {Infiltration water organic matter and trace element geochemistry in a semi-arid karst environment: implications for speleothem paleoclimatology},\n  year      = {2013},\n  note      = {Conference presentation},\n  booktitle = {AGU Fall Meeting},\n  datespan  = {9-13 Dec 2013},\n  location  = {San Francisco, USA},\n  name      = {AGU Fall Meeting},\n  type      = {Conference presentation},\n}\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"roshan-young-andersen-halloran-mccallum-rau-acworth-evaluatingthermalresponseoffiberopticdistributedtemperaturesensing-2013\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  Evaluating thermal response of Fiber Optic Distributed Temperature Sensing.\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Roshan, H.; Young, M.; Andersen, M. S.; Halloran, L.; McCallum, A.; <a class=\"bibbase author link\" href=\"https://gcrau.github.io/\">Rau, G. C.</a>;  and Acworth, R.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n   2013.<!-- NOTE FROM BIBBASE: This entry has an invalid bibtex entry type: conference. Therefore, we don't know how to render it properly. Please consider fixing this. -->\n  <span class=\"note\">Conference poster</span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/roshan-young-andersen-halloran-mccallum-rau-acworth-evaluatingthermalresponseoffiberopticdistributedtemperaturesensing-2013\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('roshan-young-andersen-halloran-mccallum-rau-acworth-evaluatingthermalresponseoffiberopticdistributedtemperaturesensing-2013')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@Conference{Roshan-2013-conf,\n  author    = {Roshan, H. and Young, Michael and Andersen, M. S. and Halloran, L. and McCallum, A.M. and Rau, Gabriel CC. and Acworth, R.I.},\n  title     = {Evaluating thermal response of Fiber Optic Distributed Temperature Sensing},\n  year      = {2013},\n  note      = {Conference poster},\n  booktitle = {40th IAH International Convention},\n  datespan  = {15-20 Sept 2013},\n  location  = {Perth, Australia},\n  name      = {40th IAH International Convention},\n  type      = {Conference poster},\n}\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n\n\n\n    </div>\n  </div>\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_group_whole\" id=\"group_2012\">\n    <div class=\"bibbase_group\"\n      onclick=\"toggleGroup('group_2012')\"\n      onkeypress=\"toggleGroup('group_2012')\"\n      tabindex=\"0\">\n      <i class=\"fa fa-angle-down bibbase_group_head_icon\"></i>&nbsp;\n      <span>2012</span>\n      <span class=\"bibbase_group_count\">\n        \n        (9)\n        \n      </span>\n    </div>\n    <div class=\"bibbase_group_body\">\n      \n  \n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"mccallum-andersen-rau-acworth-a1danalyticalmethodforestimatingsurfacewatergroundwaterinteractionsandeffectivethermaldiffusivityusingtemperaturetimeseries-2012\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  A 1-D analytical method for estimating surface water-groundwater interactions and effective thermal diffusivity using temperature time series.\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  McCallum, A. M.; Andersen, M. S.; <a class=\"bibbase author link\" href=\"https://gcrau.github.io/\">Rau, G. C</a>;  and Acworth, R. I.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  <i>Water Resources Research</i>, 48(11).  2012.\n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.org/10.1029/2012WR012007\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('mccallum-andersen-rau-acworth-a1danalyticalmethodforestimatingsurfacewatergroundwaterinteractionsandeffectivethermaldiffusivityusingtemperaturetimeseries-2012', 'http://doi.org/10.1029/2012WR012007', event.ctrlKey)\"\n     class=\"bibbase doi link\">\n    <span>doi</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/mccallum-andersen-rau-acworth-a1danalyticalmethodforestimatingsurfacewatergroundwaterinteractionsandeffectivethermaldiffusivityusingtemperaturetimeseries-2012\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('mccallum-andersen-rau-acworth-a1danalyticalmethodforestimatingsurfacewatergroundwaterinteractionsandeffectivethermaldiffusivityusingtemperaturetimeseries-2012')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@Article{McCallum-2012,\n  author    = {McCallum, A. M. and Andersen, M. S. and Rau, Gabriel C and Acworth, R. I.},\n  title     = {{A 1-D analytical method for estimating surface water-groundwater interactions and effective thermal diffusivity using temperature time series}},\n  journal   = {Water Resources Research},\n  year      = {2012},\n  date      = {2012-11-30},\n  volume    = {48},\n  number    = {11},\n  issn      = {00431397},\n  era       = {A*},\n  if        = {3.792},\n  snip      = {1.523},\n  abstract  = {In order to manage surface water (SW) and groundwater (GW) as a single resource, it is necessary that the interactions between them are understood and quantified. Heat, as a natural tracer of water movement, is increasingly being used for this purpose. However, analytical methods that are commonly used are limited by uncertainties in the effective thermal diffusivity of the sediments at the SW-GW interface. We present a novel 1-D analytical method. It utilizes both the amplitude ratio and phase shift of pairs of temperature time series at the SW-GW interface to estimate the Darcy velocity. This eliminates both the need to specify a value for effective thermal diffusivity and the need for iteration. The method also allows for an estimation of effective thermal diffusivity, which can indicate periods where assumptions to the analytical solution are violated. Riverbed temperature data from the Murray Darling Basin (Australia) are used to illustrate the method.},\n  doi       = {10.1029/2012WR012007},\n  isbn      = {0043-1397},\n  publisher = {Wiley-Blackwell},\n  type      = {Journal article},\n}\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  In order to manage surface water (SW) and groundwater (GW) as a single resource, it is necessary that the interactions between them are understood and quantified. Heat, as a natural tracer of water movement, is increasingly being used for this purpose. However, analytical methods that are commonly used are limited by uncertainties in the effective thermal diffusivity of the sediments at the SW-GW interface. We present a novel 1-D analytical method. It utilizes both the amplitude ratio and phase shift of pairs of temperature time series at the SW-GW interface to estimate the Darcy velocity. This eliminates both the need to specify a value for effective thermal diffusivity and the need for iteration. The method also allows for an estimation of effective thermal diffusivity, which can indicate periods where assumptions to the analytical solution are violated. Riverbed temperature data from the Murray Darling Basin (Australia) are used to illustrate the method.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"rau-andersen-acworth-experimentalinvestigationofthethermaltimeseriesmethodforsurfacewatergroundwaterinteractions-2012\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  Experimental investigation of the thermal time-series method for surface water-groundwater interactions.\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  <a class=\"bibbase author link\" href=\"https://gcrau.github.io/\">Rau, G. C.</a>; Andersen, M. S.;  and Acworth, R. I.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  <i>Water Resources Research</i>, 48(3).  2012.\n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.org/10.1029/2011WR011560\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('rau-andersen-acworth-experimentalinvestigationofthethermaltimeseriesmethodforsurfacewatergroundwaterinteractions-2012', 'http://doi.org/10.1029/2011WR011560', event.ctrlKey)\"\n     class=\"bibbase doi link\">\n    <span>doi</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/rau-andersen-acworth-experimentalinvestigationofthethermaltimeseriesmethodforsurfacewatergroundwaterinteractions-2012\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('rau-andersen-acworth-experimentalinvestigationofthethermaltimeseriesmethodforsurfacewatergroundwaterinteractions-2012')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@Article{Rau-2012,\n  author   = {Rau, Gabriel C. and Andersen, Martin S. and Acworth, R. Ian},\n  title    = {{Experimental investigation of the thermal time-series method for surface water-groundwater interactions}},\n  journal  = {Water Resources Research},\n  year     = {2012},\n  date     = {2012-03-30},\n  volume   = {48},\n  number   = {3},\n  issn     = {00431397},\n  era      = {A*},\n  if       = {3.792},\n  snip     = {1.523},\n  abstract = {Diel temperature fluctuations have been used to quantify vertical water flow through saturated sediments with 1-D analytical heat models. The underlying transport equation relies on assumptions that could be violated using field temperature records. To test the capability of thismethod a hydraulic laboratory experiment was designed. A mass of fully water-saturated homogeneous sand was exposed to 19 different uniformpressure gradients inducing steady state Darcy velocities 0 {\\textless} q {\\textless} 25 m d?1. An areal heating grid generated steady sinusoidal thermal forcing.Multipoint sediment temperature responses demonstrated increasing spatial variability for increasing velocities. This introduced horizontal temperature gradients. Velocities calculated from heat tracing were compared to velocities independently obtained from solute slugs. Heat- and solute-derived velocities agreed for q {\\textless} 3md?1, but heat- derived velocities were consistently larger at higher velocities. Temperature amplitude- and phase-derived velocities revealed significant scatter when compared to solute velocities. This scatter reduced when amplitude- and phase-derived velocities were compared for each sensor pair. The variability in heat-derived velocities therefore represents a spatially variable flow field in the sand. However, amplitude- and phase-derived velocities deviated from a 1:1 relationship at higher velocities. This can partly be explained by longitudinal thermal dispersivity, and partly by enhanced thermal spreading due to horizontal temperature gradients originating from nonuniform flow. This is surprising given the homogeneous sand and transition zone transport conditions (Pet {\\textless} 0.7). These findings have implications for the quantification of velocities from field records because field conditions are likely more heterogeneous, which would exacerbate the effects found in this study.},\n  doi      = {10.1029/2011WR011560},\n  isbn     = {0043-1397},\n  keywords = {groundwater heat tracer surface water 1828 Hydrolo},\n  type     = {Journal article},\n}\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  Diel temperature fluctuations have been used to quantify vertical water flow through saturated sediments with 1-D analytical heat models. The underlying transport equation relies on assumptions that could be violated using field temperature records. To test the capability of thismethod a hydraulic laboratory experiment was designed. A mass of fully water-saturated homogeneous sand was exposed to 19 different uniformpressure gradients inducing steady state Darcy velocities 0 \\textless q \\textless 25 m d?1. An areal heating grid generated steady sinusoidal thermal forcing.Multipoint sediment temperature responses demonstrated increasing spatial variability for increasing velocities. This introduced horizontal temperature gradients. Velocities calculated from heat tracing were compared to velocities independently obtained from solute slugs. Heat- and solute-derived velocities agreed for q \\textless 3md?1, but heat- derived velocities were consistently larger at higher velocities. Temperature amplitude- and phase-derived velocities revealed significant scatter when compared to solute velocities. This scatter reduced when amplitude- and phase-derived velocities were compared for each sensor pair. The variability in heat-derived velocities therefore represents a spatially variable flow field in the sand. However, amplitude- and phase-derived velocities deviated from a 1:1 relationship at higher velocities. This can partly be explained by longitudinal thermal dispersivity, and partly by enhanced thermal spreading due to horizontal temperature gradients originating from nonuniform flow. This is surprising given the homogeneous sand and transition zone transport conditions (Pet \\textless 0.7). These findings have implications for the quantification of velocities from field records because field conditions are likely more heterogeneous, which would exacerbate the effects found in this study.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"rau-andersen-acworth-experimentalinvestigationofthethermaldispersivitytermanditssignificanceintheheattransportequationforflowinsediments-2012\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  Experimental investigation of the thermal dispersivity term and its significance in the heat transport equation for flow in sediments.\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  <a class=\"bibbase author link\" href=\"https://gcrau.github.io/\">Rau, G. C.</a>; Andersen, M. S.;  and Acworth, R. I.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  <i>Water Resources Research</i>, 48(3).  2012.\n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.org/10.1029/2011WR011038\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('rau-andersen-acworth-experimentalinvestigationofthethermaldispersivitytermanditssignificanceintheheattransportequationforflowinsediments-2012', 'http://doi.org/10.1029/2011WR011038', event.ctrlKey)\"\n     class=\"bibbase doi link\">\n    <span>doi</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/rau-andersen-acworth-experimentalinvestigationofthethermaldispersivitytermanditssignificanceintheheattransportequationforflowinsediments-2012\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('rau-andersen-acworth-experimentalinvestigationofthethermaldispersivitytermanditssignificanceintheheattransportequationforflowinsediments-2012')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@Article{Rau-2012a,\n  author   = {Rau, Gabriel C. and Andersen, Martin S. and Acworth, R. Ian},\n  title    = {{Experimental investigation of the thermal dispersivity term and its significance in the heat transport equation for flow in sediments}},\n  journal  = {Water Resources Research},\n  year     = {2012},\n  date     = {2012-03-10},\n  volume   = {48},\n  number   = {3},\n  issn     = {00431397},\n  era      = {A*},\n  if       = {3.792},\n  snip     = {1.523},\n  abstract = {A review of heat and solute transport in sediments demonstrates that the use of heat as a tracer has not been experimentally evaluated under the same experimental conditions as those used for the evaluation of solute as a tracer. Furthermore, there appears to be disagreement in the earth science literature over the significance of the thermal dispersivity term. To help resolve this disagreement, detailed experimentation with typical groundwater flow velocities (Darcy range, Re {\\textless} 2.5) was conducted in a specifically designed hydraulic tank containing well-sorted saturated sand. The experiment enabled, for the first time, the precise monitoring of heat and solute tracer movement from a point source in separate runs under identical solid matrix and steady state flow conditions. Experimental results demonstrate that heat transport with natural groundwater flow velocities can reach a transition zone between conduction and convection (0.5 {\\textless} Pet {\\textless} 2.5). The thermal dispersion behavior can be described by using a thermal dispersivity coefficient and the square of the thermal front velocity. We propose an empirical formulation for thermal dispersion with Darcy flow in natural porous media and clarify the disagreement regarding its significance. Finally, it was observed that Darcy velocities independently derived from heat and solute experimentation show a systematic discrepancy of up to 20{\\%}, and that experimental thermal dispersion results contain significant scatter.},\n  doi      = {10.1029/2011WR011038},\n  isbn     = {0043-1397},\n  language = {English},\n  type     = {Journal article},\n}\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  A review of heat and solute transport in sediments demonstrates that the use of heat as a tracer has not been experimentally evaluated under the same experimental conditions as those used for the evaluation of solute as a tracer. Furthermore, there appears to be disagreement in the earth science literature over the significance of the thermal dispersivity term. To help resolve this disagreement, detailed experimentation with typical groundwater flow velocities (Darcy range, Re \\textless 2.5) was conducted in a specifically designed hydraulic tank containing well-sorted saturated sand. The experiment enabled, for the first time, the precise monitoring of heat and solute tracer movement from a point source in separate runs under identical solid matrix and steady state flow conditions. Experimental results demonstrate that heat transport with natural groundwater flow velocities can reach a transition zone between conduction and convection (0.5 \\textless Pet \\textless 2.5). The thermal dispersion behavior can be described by using a thermal dispersivity coefficient and the square of the thermal front velocity. We propose an empirical formulation for thermal dispersion with Darcy flow in natural porous media and clarify the disagreement regarding its significance. Finally, it was observed that Darcy velocities independently derived from heat and solute experimentation show a systematic discrepancy of up to 20%, and that experimental thermal dispersion results contain significant scatter.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"roshan-rau-andersen-acworth-useofheatastracertoquantifyverticalstreambedflowinatwodimensionalflowfield-2012\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  Use of heat as tracer to quantify vertical streambed flow in a two-dimensional flow field.\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Roshan, H.; <a class=\"bibbase author link\" href=\"https://gcrau.github.io/\">Rau, G. C.</a>; Andersen, M. S.;  and Acworth, I. R.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  <i>Water Resources Research</i>, 48(10).  2012.\n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.org/10.1029/2012WR011918\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('roshan-rau-andersen-acworth-useofheatastracertoquantifyverticalstreambedflowinatwodimensionalflowfield-2012', 'http://doi.org/10.1029/2012WR011918', event.ctrlKey)\"\n     class=\"bibbase doi link\">\n    <span>doi</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/roshan-rau-andersen-acworth-useofheatastracertoquantifyverticalstreambedflowinatwodimensionalflowfield-2012\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('roshan-rau-andersen-acworth-useofheatastracertoquantifyverticalstreambedflowinatwodimensionalflowfield-2012')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@Article{Roshan-2012,\n  author   = {Roshan, Hamid and Rau, Gabriel C. and Andersen, Martin S. and Acworth, Ian R.},\n  title    = {{Use of heat as tracer to quantify vertical streambed flow in a two-dimensional flow field}},\n  journal  = {Water Resources Research},\n  year     = {2012},\n  date     = {2012-10-05},\n  volume   = {48},\n  number   = {10},\n  issn     = {00431397},\n  era      = {A*},\n  if       = {3.792},\n  snip     = {1.523},\n  abstract = {Analytical solutions to the heat transport equation in porous media have been developed in the past to estimate surface water-groundwater interactions. These solutions, however, are based upon simplifying assumptions that are frequently violated in natural systems. A nonvertical flow field, inherent to most field settings, can violate the one-dimensional (1-D) flow assumption and lead to erroneous velocity estimates. In this study, we have developed a 2-D heat and mass transport finite element-based numerical model for a stream aquifer cross section experiencing flow-through. Synthetic multilevel streambed temperature time series were generated with the model using a sinusoidal temperature boundary. The temperature data was used to quantify the vertical flow velocity with a 1-D analytical solution based on the amplitude decay and phase shift of temperature with depth. Results demonstrate that erroneous vertical components of fluid velocity can be obtained by the 1-D analytical solution when the true vertical velocity approaches zero and the flow regime becomes almost horizontal. The results also illustrate that the amplitude ratio method performs quite poorly on the gaining side of the stream where the only reliable method is phase shift. On the losing side of the stream, both methods can be employed but a better estimation is obtained from the amplitude ratio method. In general, amplitude ratio and phase shift data should be used in conjunction to maximize the information of the system.},\n  doi      = {10.1029/2012WR011918},\n  isbn     = {0043-1397},\n  type     = {Journal article},\n}\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  Analytical solutions to the heat transport equation in porous media have been developed in the past to estimate surface water-groundwater interactions. These solutions, however, are based upon simplifying assumptions that are frequently violated in natural systems. A nonvertical flow field, inherent to most field settings, can violate the one-dimensional (1-D) flow assumption and lead to erroneous velocity estimates. In this study, we have developed a 2-D heat and mass transport finite element-based numerical model for a stream aquifer cross section experiencing flow-through. Synthetic multilevel streambed temperature time series were generated with the model using a sinusoidal temperature boundary. The temperature data was used to quantify the vertical flow velocity with a 1-D analytical solution based on the amplitude decay and phase shift of temperature with depth. Results demonstrate that erroneous vertical components of fluid velocity can be obtained by the 1-D analytical solution when the true vertical velocity approaches zero and the flow regime becomes almost horizontal. The results also illustrate that the amplitude ratio method performs quite poorly on the gaining side of the stream where the only reliable method is phase shift. On the losing side of the stream, both methods can be employed but a better estimation is obtained from the amplitude ratio method. In general, amplitude ratio and phase shift data should be used in conjunction to maximize the information of the system.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"acworth-mccallum-rau-andersen-treewateruseandgroundwaterlevelchangesinanunconfinedalluvialaquiferatmaulescreeknarrabrinswaustralia-2012\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  Tree-water use and groundwater level changes in an unconfined alluvial aquifer at Maules Creek, Narrabri, NSW, Australia.\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Acworth, R.; McCallum, A.; <a class=\"bibbase author link\" href=\"https://gcrau.github.io/\">Rau, G. C.</a>;  and Andersen, M.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n   2012.<!-- NOTE FROM BIBBASE: This entry has an invalid bibtex entry type: conference. Therefore, we don't know how to render it properly. Please consider fixing this. -->\n  <span class=\"note\">Conference presentation</span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/acworth-mccallum-rau-andersen-treewateruseandgroundwaterlevelchangesinanunconfinedalluvialaquiferatmaulescreeknarrabrinswaustralia-2012\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('acworth-mccallum-rau-andersen-treewateruseandgroundwaterlevelchangesinanunconfinedalluvialaquiferatmaulescreeknarrabrinswaustralia-2012')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@Conference{Acworth-2012-conf,\n  author    = {Acworth, R.I. and McCallum, A.M. and Rau, Gabriel CC. and Andersen, M.S.},\n  title     = {Tree-water use and groundwater level changes in an unconfined alluvial aquifer at Maules Creek, Narrabri, NSW, Australia},\n  year      = {2012},\n  note      = {Conference presentation},\n  booktitle = {39th IAH Congress},\n  datespan  = {16-21 Sept 2012},\n  location  = {Niagara Falls, Canada},\n  name      = {39th IAH Congress},\n  type      = {Conference presentation},\n}\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"andersen-mccallum-giambastiani-rau-kelly-acworth-meredith-investigationsofsurfacewatergroundwaterinteractionsinawaterstressedsemiaridcatchment-2012\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  Investigations of surface water groundwater interactions in a water stressed semi-arid catchment.\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Andersen, M. S.; McCallum, A. M.; Giambastiani, B.; <a class=\"bibbase author link\" href=\"https://gcrau.github.io/\">Rau, G. C</a>; Kelly, B. F. J.; Acworth, R.;  and Meredith, K. T.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n   2012.<!-- NOTE FROM BIBBASE: This entry has an invalid bibtex entry type: conference. Therefore, we don't know how to render it properly. Please consider fixing this. -->\n  <span class=\"note\">Conference presentation</span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/andersen-mccallum-giambastiani-rau-kelly-acworth-meredith-investigationsofsurfacewatergroundwaterinteractionsinawaterstressedsemiaridcatchment-2012\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('andersen-mccallum-giambastiani-rau-kelly-acworth-meredith-investigationsofsurfacewatergroundwaterinteractionsinawaterstressedsemiaridcatchment-2012')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@Conference{Andersen-2012-conf,\n  author    = {Andersen, M. S. and McCallum, A. M. and Giambastiani, B. and Rau, Gabriel C and Kelly, B. F. J. and Acworth, R.I. and Meredith, K. T.},\n  title     = {Investigations of surface water groundwater interactions in a water stressed semi-arid catchment},\n  year      = {2012},\n  note      = {Conference presentation},\n  booktitle = {CSIRO/NWC/NCGRT Groundwater – Surface Water Interactions Workshop},\n  datespan  = {27-28 March 2012},\n  location  = {Canberra, Australia},\n  name      = {CSIRO/NWC/NCGRT Groundwater – Surface Water Interactions Workshop},\n  type      = {Conference presentation},\n}\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"rau-andersen-acworth-theeffectofnonuniformflowinhomogeneoussedimentonvelocityquantificationusingheatasatracer-2012\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  The effect of non-uniform flow in homogeneous sediment on velocity quantification using heat as a tracer.\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  <a class=\"bibbase author link\" href=\"https://gcrau.github.io/\">Rau, G. C.</a>; Andersen, M. S.;  and Acworth, R. I.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n   2012.<!-- NOTE FROM BIBBASE: This entry has an invalid bibtex entry type: conference. Therefore, we don't know how to render it properly. Please consider fixing this. -->\n  <span class=\"note\">Conference presentation</span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/rau-andersen-acworth-theeffectofnonuniformflowinhomogeneoussedimentonvelocityquantificationusingheatasatracer-2012\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('rau-andersen-acworth-theeffectofnonuniformflowinhomogeneoussedimentonvelocityquantificationusingheatasatracer-2012')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@Conference{Rau-2012-conf,\n  author    = {Rau, Gabriel CC. and Andersen, M. S. and Acworth, R. I.},\n  title     = {The effect of non-uniform flow in homogeneous sediment on velocity quantification using heat as a tracer},\n  year      = {2012},\n  note      = {Conference presentation},\n  booktitle = {AGU Fall Meeting},\n  datespan  = {3-7 Dec 2012},\n  location  = {San Francisco, USA},\n  name      = {AGU Fall Meeting},\n  special   = {Invited Talk},\n  type      = {Conference presentation},\n}\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"rau-andersen-acworth-experimentalinvestigationofheattransportcharacteristicsinheterogeneousornaturalmaterials-2012\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  Experimental Investigation of Heat Transport Characteristics in Heterogeneous or Natural Materials.\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  <a class=\"bibbase author link\" href=\"https://gcrau.github.io/\">Rau, G. C.</a>; Andersen, M.;  and Acworth, R.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  Feb 2012 2012.\n  <span class=\"note\">Outreach presentation</span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/rau-andersen-acworth-experimentalinvestigationofheattransportcharacteristicsinheterogeneousornaturalmaterials-2012\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('rau-andersen-acworth-experimentalinvestigationofheattransportcharacteristicsinheterogeneousornaturalmaterials-2012')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@Misc{Rau-2012b,\n  author = {Rau, Gabriel CC. and Andersen, M.S and Acworth, R.I.},\n  title  = {Experimental Investigation of Heat Transport Characteristics in Heterogeneous or Natural Materials},\n  month  = {Feb 2012},\n  year   = {2012},\n  note   = {Outreach presentation},\n  date   = {2012-02},\n  type   = {Outreach presentation},\n}\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"rau-experimentalanalysisofheatasatracerforthequanticationofthermaldispersionandwaterflowinsand-2012\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/51963\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'rau-experimentalanalysisofheatasatracerforthequanticationofthermaldispersionandwaterflowinsand-2012', 'http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/51963', event);\">\n    Experimental Analysis of Heat as a Tracer for the Quantification of Thermal Dispersion and Water Flow in Sand.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  <a class=\"bibbase author link\" href=\"https://gcrau.github.io/\">Rau, G. C</a>\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  Ph.D. Thesis, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering,  2012.\n  <span class=\"note\">PhD Thesis</span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/51963\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('rau-experimentalanalysisofheatasatracerforthequanticationofthermaldispersionandwaterflowinsand-2012', 'http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/51963', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"Experimental Analysis of Heat as a Tracer for the Quantification of Thermal Dispersion and Water Flow in Sand [link]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/rau-experimentalanalysisofheatasatracerforthequanticationofthermaldispersionandwaterflowinsand-2012\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('rau-experimentalanalysisofheatasatracerforthequanticationofthermaldispersionandwaterflowinsand-2012')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@Phdthesis{Rau-2012-thesis,\n  author     = {Rau, Gabriel C},\n  title      = {Experimental Analysis of Heat as a Tracer for the Quantification of Thermal Dispersion and Water Flow in Sand},\n  school     = {School of Civil and Environmental Engineering},\n  year       = {2012},\n  type       = {PhD Thesis},\n  note       = {PhD Thesis},\n  url        = {http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/51963},\n  university = {UNSW Australia},\n}\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n\n\n\n    </div>\n  </div>\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_group_whole\" id=\"group_2011\">\n    <div class=\"bibbase_group\"\n      onclick=\"toggleGroup('group_2011')\"\n      onkeypress=\"toggleGroup('group_2011')\"\n      tabindex=\"0\">\n      <i class=\"fa fa-angle-down bibbase_group_head_icon\"></i>&nbsp;\n      <span>2011</span>\n      <span class=\"bibbase_group_count\">\n        \n        (6)\n        \n      </span>\n    </div>\n    <div class=\"bibbase_group_body\">\n      \n  \n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"andersen-rau-mccallum-acworth-redoxprocessesandarsenicreleaseinthestreambedofasemiaridlosingstream-2011\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  Redox processes and arsenic release in the streambed of a semi-arid losing stream.\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Andersen, M. S.; <a class=\"bibbase author link\" href=\"https://gcrau.github.io/\">Rau, G. C.</a>; McCallum, A. M.;  and Acworth, R. I.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n   2011.<!-- NOTE FROM BIBBASE: This entry has an invalid bibtex entry type: conference. Therefore, we don't know how to render it properly. Please consider fixing this. -->\n  <span class=\"note\">Conference presentation</span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/andersen-rau-mccallum-acworth-redoxprocessesandarsenicreleaseinthestreambedofasemiaridlosingstream-2011\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('andersen-rau-mccallum-acworth-redoxprocessesandarsenicreleaseinthestreambedofasemiaridlosingstream-2011')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@Conference{Andersen-2011-conf,\n  author    = {Andersen, M. S. and Rau, Gabriel CC. and McCallum, A. M. and Acworth, R. I.},\n  title     = {Redox processes and arsenic release in the streambed of a semi-arid losing stream},\n  year      = {2011},\n  note      = {Conference presentation},\n  booktitle = {AGU Fall Meeting 2011},\n  datespan  = {5-9th Dec 2011},\n  location  = {San Francisco, USA},\n  name      = {AGU Fall Meeting 2011},\n  type      = {Conference presentation},\n}\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"andersen-rau-mccallum-meredith-acworth-constrainingwaterfluxesthroughthestreambedofasemiaridlosingstreamusingnaturaltracersheatandradioisotopes-2011\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  Constraining water fluxes through the streambed of a semi-arid losing stream using natural tracers: heat and radioisotopes.\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Andersen, M. S.; <a class=\"bibbase author link\" href=\"https://gcrau.github.io/\">Rau, G. C.</a>; McCallum, A. M.; Meredith, K.;  and Acworth, R. I.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n   2011.<!-- NOTE FROM BIBBASE: This entry has an invalid bibtex entry type: conference. Therefore, we don't know how to render it properly. Please consider fixing this. -->\n  <span class=\"note\">Conference presentation</span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/andersen-rau-mccallum-meredith-acworth-constrainingwaterfluxesthroughthestreambedofasemiaridlosingstreamusingnaturaltracersheatandradioisotopes-2011\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('andersen-rau-mccallum-meredith-acworth-constrainingwaterfluxesthroughthestreambedofasemiaridlosingstreamusingnaturaltracersheatandradioisotopes-2011')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@Conference{Andersen-2011-confa,\n  author    = {Andersen, M. S. and Rau, Gabriel CC. and McCallum, A. M. and Meredith, K. and Acworth, R. I.},\n  title     = {Constraining water fluxes through the streambed of a semi-arid losing stream using natural tracers: heat and radioisotopes},\n  year      = {2011},\n  note      = {Conference presentation},\n  booktitle = {AGU Fall Meeting 2011},\n  datespan  = {5-9th Dec 2011},\n  location  = {San Francisco, USA},\n  name      = {AGU Fall Meeting 2011},\n  special   = {Invited Talk},\n  type      = {Conference presentation},\n}\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"andersen-rau-mccallum-meredith-acworth-groundwaterrechargeandgeochemicalprocessesinasemiaridlosingstreamusingtemperatureisotopesandgeochemistry-2011\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  Groundwater recharge and geochemical processes in a semi-arid losing stream using temperature, isotopes and geochemistry.\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Andersen, M.; <a class=\"bibbase author link\" href=\"https://gcrau.github.io/\">Rau, G. C.</a>; McCallum, A.; Meredith, K.;  and Acworth, R.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n   2011.<!-- NOTE FROM BIBBASE: This entry has an invalid bibtex entry type: conference. Therefore, we don't know how to render it properly. Please consider fixing this. -->\n  <span class=\"note\">Conference presentation</span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/andersen-rau-mccallum-meredith-acworth-groundwaterrechargeandgeochemicalprocessesinasemiaridlosingstreamusingtemperatureisotopesandgeochemistry-2011\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('andersen-rau-mccallum-meredith-acworth-groundwaterrechargeandgeochemicalprocessesinasemiaridlosingstreamusingtemperatureisotopesandgeochemistry-2011')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@Conference{Andersen-2011-confb,\n  author    = {Andersen, M.S. and Rau, Gabriel CC. and McCallum, A.M. and Meredith, K. and Acworth, R.I.},\n  title     = {Groundwater recharge and geochemical processes in a semi-arid losing stream using temperature, isotopes and geochemistry},\n  year      = {2011},\n  note      = {Conference presentation},\n  booktitle = {11th Australasian Environmental Isotope Conference \\&amp; 4th Australasian Hydrogeology Research Conference},\n  datespan  = {12-14 Jul 2011},\n  location  = {Cairns, Australia},\n  name      = {11th Australasian Environmental Isotope Conference &amp; 4th Australasian Hydrogeology Research Conference},\n  type      = {Conference presentation},\n}\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"mccallum-andersen-rau-acworth-usingcombinedtemperatureflowandleveldatatoinvestigateriveraquiferinteractionscalingissue-2011\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  Using Combined Temperature, Flow and Level Data to Investigate River-Aquifer Interaction Scaling Issue.\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  McCallum, A. M.; Andersen, M. S.; <a class=\"bibbase author link\" href=\"https://gcrau.github.io/\">Rau, G. C.</a>;  and Acworth, R. I.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n   2011.<!-- NOTE FROM BIBBASE: This entry has an invalid bibtex entry type: conference. Therefore, we don't know how to render it properly. Please consider fixing this. -->\n  <span class=\"note\">Conference presentation</span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/mccallum-andersen-rau-acworth-usingcombinedtemperatureflowandleveldatatoinvestigateriveraquiferinteractionscalingissue-2011\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('mccallum-andersen-rau-acworth-usingcombinedtemperatureflowandleveldatatoinvestigateriveraquiferinteractionscalingissue-2011')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@Conference{McCallum-2011-conf,\n  author    = {McCallum, A. M. and Andersen, M. S. and Rau, Gabriel CC. and Acworth, R. I.},\n  title     = {Using Combined Temperature, Flow and Level Data to Investigate River-Aquifer Interaction Scaling Issue},\n  year      = {2011},\n  note      = {Conference presentation},\n  booktitle = {AGU Fall Meeting 2011},\n  datespan  = {5-9 Dec 2011},\n  location  = {San Francisco, USA},\n  name      = {AGU Fall Meeting 2011},\n  type      = {Conference presentation},\n}\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"rau-andersen-acworth-isthermaldispersivitysignificantfortheuseofheatasatracerinsediments-2011\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  Is thermal dispersivity significant for the use of heat as a tracer in sediments?.\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  <a class=\"bibbase author link\" href=\"https://gcrau.github.io/\">Rau, G. C.</a>; Andersen, M. S.;  and Acworth, R. I.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n   2011.<!-- NOTE FROM BIBBASE: This entry has an invalid bibtex entry type: conference. Therefore, we don't know how to render it properly. Please consider fixing this. -->\n  <span class=\"note\">Conference presentation</span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/rau-andersen-acworth-isthermaldispersivitysignificantfortheuseofheatasatracerinsediments-2011\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('rau-andersen-acworth-isthermaldispersivitysignificantfortheuseofheatasatracerinsediments-2011')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@Conference{Rau-2011-conf,\n  author    = {Rau, Gabriel CC. and Andersen, M. S. and Acworth, R. I.},\n  title     = {Is thermal dispersivity significant for the use of heat as a tracer in sediments?},\n  year      = {2011},\n  note      = {Conference presentation},\n  booktitle = {AGU Fall Meeting},\n  datespan  = {5-9th Dec 2011},\n  location  = {San Francisco, USA},\n  name      = {AGU Fall Meeting},\n  special   = {AGU Outstanding Student Paper Award 2011},\n  type      = {Conference presentation},\n}\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"rau-andersen-acworth-usingnaturalheatasatracertoquantifyverticalstreambedwaterflow-2011\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  Using natural heat as a tracer to quantify vertical streambed water flow.\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  <a class=\"bibbase author link\" href=\"https://gcrau.github.io/\">Rau, G. C.</a>; Andersen, M.;  and Acworth, R.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  19 July 2011 2011.\n  <span class=\"note\">Outreach presentation</span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/rau-andersen-acworth-usingnaturalheatasatracertoquantifyverticalstreambedwaterflow-2011\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('rau-andersen-acworth-usingnaturalheatasatracertoquantifyverticalstreambedwaterflow-2011')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@Misc{Rau-2011,\n  author = {Rau, Gabriel CC. and Andersen, M.S and Acworth, R.I.},\n  title  = {Using natural heat as a tracer to quantify vertical streambed water flow},\n  month  = {19 July 2011},\n  year   = {2011},\n  note   = {Outreach presentation},\n  date   = {2011-07-19},\n  type   = {Outreach presentation},\n}\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n\n\n\n    </div>\n  </div>\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_group_whole\" id=\"group_2010\">\n    <div class=\"bibbase_group\"\n      onclick=\"toggleGroup('group_2010')\"\n      onkeypress=\"toggleGroup('group_2010')\"\n      tabindex=\"0\">\n      <i class=\"fa fa-angle-down bibbase_group_head_icon\"></i>&nbsp;\n      <span>2010</span>\n      <span class=\"bibbase_group_count\">\n        \n        (12)\n        \n      </span>\n    </div>\n    <div class=\"bibbase_group_body\">\n      \n  \n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"rau-andersen-mccallum-acworth-analyticalmethodsthatusenaturalheatasatracertoquantifysurfacewatergroundwaterexchangeevaluatedusingfieldtemperaturerecords-2010\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  Analytical methods that use natural heat as a tracer to quantify surface water-groundwater exchange, evaluated using field temperature records.\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  <a class=\"bibbase author link\" href=\"https://gcrau.github.io/\">Rau, G. C.</a>; Andersen, M. S.; McCallum, A. M.;  and Acworth, R. I.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  <i>Hydrogeology Journal</i>, 18(5): 1093-1110.  2010.\n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.org/10.1007/s10040-010-0586-0\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('rau-andersen-mccallum-acworth-analyticalmethodsthatusenaturalheatasatracertoquantifysurfacewatergroundwaterexchangeevaluatedusingfieldtemperaturerecords-2010', 'http://doi.org/10.1007/s10040-010-0586-0', event.ctrlKey)\"\n     class=\"bibbase doi link\">\n    <span>doi</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/rau-andersen-mccallum-acworth-analyticalmethodsthatusenaturalheatasatracertoquantifysurfacewatergroundwaterexchangeevaluatedusingfieldtemperaturerecords-2010\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('rau-andersen-mccallum-acworth-analyticalmethodsthatusenaturalheatasatracertoquantifysurfacewatergroundwaterexchangeevaluatedusingfieldtemperaturerecords-2010')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@Article{Rau-2010,\n  author   = {Rau, Gabriel C. and Andersen, Martin S. and McCallum, Andrew M. and Acworth, Richard Ian},\n  title    = {{Analytical methods that use natural heat as a tracer to quantify surface water-groundwater exchange, evaluated using field temperature records}},\n  journal  = {Hydrogeology Journal},\n  year     = {2010},\n  date     = {2010-03-11},\n  volume   = {18},\n  number   = {5},\n  pages    = {1093-1110},\n  issn     = {1431-2174},\n  if       = {2.028},\n  snip     = {1.185},\n  abstract = {Two methods applying natural heat as a tracer to quantify surface watergroundwater exchange were evaluated using field data. Arrays capable of monitoring and recording the streambed response to diurnal temper- ature variations in the surface water were deployed for a 2-month period in three locations in perennial pools at Maules Creek, New South Wales, Australia. Multi-level array design, field deployment and parameter estimation are discussed. The applicability of analytical solutions derived from the heat transport equation to the streambed environments was analysed using the recorded temperature time series. The stream was found to lose water to the aquifer, which was supported by simultaneously recorded hydraulic gradients. However, the one-dimensional (1D) analytical solutions did not adequately describe the observed streambed thermal response at two locations. The resulting artefacts in the estimated flow velocities are discussed. Itwas hypothesised that the artefacts originate from model limi- tation due to streambed heterogeneity and application of 1D solutions tomulti-dimensional and dynamic streambed flow. This consequently imposes limitations on the field applic- ability of the methods. Nevertheless, in combination with time series of surface water and streambed water levels, the use of heat as a tracer provided a powerful tool for better understanding the shallow hydrogeological system.},\n  doi      = {10.1007/s10040-010-0586-0},\n  isbn     = {6129949448},\n  keywords = {Australia,Groundwater/surface-water relations,Heat modelling,Temperature,Thermal conditions},\n  type     = {Journal article},\n}\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  Two methods applying natural heat as a tracer to quantify surface watergroundwater exchange were evaluated using field data. Arrays capable of monitoring and recording the streambed response to diurnal temper- ature variations in the surface water were deployed for a 2-month period in three locations in perennial pools at Maules Creek, New South Wales, Australia. Multi-level array design, field deployment and parameter estimation are discussed. The applicability of analytical solutions derived from the heat transport equation to the streambed environments was analysed using the recorded temperature time series. The stream was found to lose water to the aquifer, which was supported by simultaneously recorded hydraulic gradients. However, the one-dimensional (1D) analytical solutions did not adequately describe the observed streambed thermal response at two locations. The resulting artefacts in the estimated flow velocities are discussed. Itwas hypothesised that the artefacts originate from model limi- tation due to streambed heterogeneity and application of 1D solutions tomulti-dimensional and dynamic streambed flow. This consequently imposes limitations on the field applic- ability of the methods. Nevertheless, in combination with time series of surface water and streambed water levels, the use of heat as a tracer provided a powerful tool for better understanding the shallow hydrogeological system.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"andersen-rau-mccallum-acworth-onthetemporalvariabilityofstreambedhydraulicconductivity-2010\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  On the Temporal Variability of Streambed Hydraulic Conductivity.\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Andersen, M.; <a class=\"bibbase author link\" href=\"https://gcrau.github.io/\">Rau, G. C.</a>; McCallum, A.;  and Acworth, R.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n   2010.<!-- NOTE FROM BIBBASE: This entry has an invalid bibtex entry type: conference. Therefore, we don't know how to render it properly. Please consider fixing this. -->\n  <span class=\"note\">Conference presentation</span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/andersen-rau-mccallum-acworth-onthetemporalvariabilityofstreambedhydraulicconductivity-2010\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('andersen-rau-mccallum-acworth-onthetemporalvariabilityofstreambedhydraulicconductivity-2010')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@Conference{Andersen-2010-conf,\n  author    = {Andersen, M.S. and Rau, Gabriel CC. and McCallum, A.M. and Acworth, R.I.},\n  title     = {On the Temporal Variability of Streambed Hydraulic Conductivity},\n  year      = {2010},\n  note      = {Conference presentation},\n  booktitle = {Groundwater 2010},\n  datespan  = { 31 Oct - 4 Nov 2010},\n  location  = {Canberra, Australia},\n  name      = {Groundwater 2010},\n  type      = {Conference presentation},\n}\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"mccallum-andersen-rau-acworth-investigationofsurfacewatergroundwaterinteractionsandtemporalvariabilityofstreambedhydraulicconductivityusingstreambedtemperaturedata-2010\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  Investigation of surface water groundwater interactions and temporal variability of streambed hydraulic conductivity using streambed temperature data.\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  McCallum, A.; Andersen, M.; <a class=\"bibbase author link\" href=\"https://gcrau.github.io/\">Rau, G. C.</a>;  and Acworth, R.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n   2010.<!-- NOTE FROM BIBBASE: This entry has an invalid bibtex entry type: conference. Therefore, we don't know how to render it properly. Please consider fixing this. -->\n  <span class=\"note\">Conference presentation</span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/mccallum-andersen-rau-acworth-investigationofsurfacewatergroundwaterinteractionsandtemporalvariabilityofstreambedhydraulicconductivityusingstreambedtemperaturedata-2010\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('mccallum-andersen-rau-acworth-investigationofsurfacewatergroundwaterinteractionsandtemporalvariabilityofstreambedhydraulicconductivityusingstreambedtemperaturedata-2010')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@Conference{McCallum-2010-conf,\n  author    = {McCallum, A.M. and Andersen, M.S. and Rau, Gabriel CC. and Acworth, R.I.},\n  title     = {Investigation of surface water groundwater interactions and temporal variability of streambed hydraulic conductivity using streambed temperature data},\n  year      = {2010},\n  note      = {Conference presentation},\n  booktitle = {38th IAH Congress},\n  datespan  = {12-17 Sept 2010},\n  location  = {Krakow, Poland},\n  name      = {38th IAH Congress},\n  type      = {Conference presentation},\n}\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"rau-andersen-mccallum-acworth-uncertaintyofverticalstreambedseepageratesunderrealisticfieldconditionsusingdieltemperaturefluctuations-2010\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  Uncertainty of vertical streambed seepage rates under realistic field conditions using diel temperature fluctuations.\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  <a class=\"bibbase author link\" href=\"https://gcrau.github.io/\">Rau, G. C.</a>; Andersen, M.; McCallum, A.;  and Acworth, R.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n   2010.<!-- NOTE FROM BIBBASE: This entry has an invalid bibtex entry type: conference. Therefore, we don't know how to render it properly. Please consider fixing this. -->\n  <span class=\"note\">Conference presentation</span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/rau-andersen-mccallum-acworth-uncertaintyofverticalstreambedseepageratesunderrealisticfieldconditionsusingdieltemperaturefluctuations-2010\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('rau-andersen-mccallum-acworth-uncertaintyofverticalstreambedseepageratesunderrealisticfieldconditionsusingdieltemperaturefluctuations-2010')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@Conference{Rau-2010-conf,\n  author    = {Rau, Gabriel CC. and Andersen, M.S. and McCallum, A.M. and Acworth, R.I.},\n  title     = {Uncertainty of vertical streambed seepage rates under realistic field conditions using diel temperature fluctuations},\n  year      = {2010},\n  note      = {Conference presentation},\n  booktitle = {38th IAH Congress},\n  datespan  = {12-17 Sept 2010},\n  location  = {Krakow, Poland},\n  name      = {38th IAH Congress},\n  type      = {Conference presentation},\n}\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"andersen-acworth-rau-mccallum-investigationsofsurfacewatergroundwaterinteractionsinawaterstressedsemiaridcatchment-2010\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  Investigations of surface water ground-water interactions in a water stressed semi-arid catchment.\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Andersen, M. S.; Acworth, R. I.; <a class=\"bibbase author link\" href=\"https://gcrau.github.io/\">Rau, G. C</a>;  and McCallum, A. M.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n   2010.\n  <span class=\"note\">Workshop</span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/andersen-acworth-rau-mccallum-investigationsofsurfacewatergroundwaterinteractionsinawaterstressedsemiaridcatchment-2010\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('andersen-acworth-rau-mccallum-investigationsofsurfacewatergroundwaterinteractionsinawaterstressedsemiaridcatchment-2010')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@Misc{Andersen-2010,\n  author    = {Andersen, M. S. and Acworth, R. I. and Rau, Gabriel C and McCallum, A. M.},\n  title     = {Investigations of surface water ground-water interactions in a water stressed semi-arid catchment},\n  year      = {2010},\n  note      = {Workshop},\n  booktitle = {Namoi Groundwater Forum (organised by The Namoi Catchment Management Authority and the Cotton Catchment Communities CRC)},\n  date      = {2010-12-03},\n  location  = {Tamworth, Australia},\n  name      = {Namoi Groundwater Forum (organised by The Namoi Catchment Management Authority and the Cotton Catchment Communities CRC)},\n  type      = {Workshop},\n}\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"andersen-rau-mccallum-acworth-investigationsofsurfacewatergroundwaterinteractionsinawaterstressedsemiaridcatchment-2010\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  Investigations of surface water groundwater interactions in a water stressed semi-arid catchment.\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Andersen, M.; <a class=\"bibbase author link\" href=\"https://gcrau.github.io/\">Rau, G. C.</a>; McCallum, A.;  and Acworth, R.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  24 Sept 2010 2010.\n  <span class=\"note\">Outreach presentation</span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/andersen-rau-mccallum-acworth-investigationsofsurfacewatergroundwaterinteractionsinawaterstressedsemiaridcatchment-2010\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('andersen-rau-mccallum-acworth-investigationsofsurfacewatergroundwaterinteractionsinawaterstressedsemiaridcatchment-2010')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@Misc{Andersen-2010a,\n  author = {Andersen, M.S. and Rau, Gabriel CC. and McCallum, A.M. and Acworth, R.I.},\n  title  = {Investigations of surface water groundwater interactions in a water stressed semi-arid catchment},\n  month  = {24 Sept 2010},\n  year   = {2010},\n  note   = {Outreach presentation},\n  date   = {2010-09-24},\n  type   = {Outreach presentation},\n}\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"rau-andersen-analyticalmethodsthatusenaturalheatasatracertoquantifysurfacewatergroundwaterexchangeevaluatedusingfieldtemperaturerecords-2010\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  Analytical methods that use natural heat as a tracer to quantify surface water–groundwater exchange, evaluated using field temperature records.\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  <a class=\"bibbase author link\" href=\"https://gcrau.github.io/\">Rau, G. C.</a>;  and Andersen, M.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  15 Jul 2010 2010.\n  <span class=\"note\">Outreach presentation</span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/rau-andersen-analyticalmethodsthatusenaturalheatasatracertoquantifysurfacewatergroundwaterexchangeevaluatedusingfieldtemperaturerecords-2010\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('rau-andersen-analyticalmethodsthatusenaturalheatasatracertoquantifysurfacewatergroundwaterexchangeevaluatedusingfieldtemperaturerecords-2010')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@Misc{Rau-2010a,\n  author = {Rau, Gabriel CC. and Andersen, M.S.},\n  title  = {Analytical methods that use natural heat as a tracer to quantify surface water–groundwater exchange, evaluated using field temperature records},\n  month  = {15 Jul 2010},\n  year   = {2010},\n  note   = {Outreach presentation},\n  date   = {2010-07-15},\n  type   = {Outreach presentation},\n}\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"rau-andersen-analyticalmethodsthatusenaturalheatasatracertoquantifysurfacewatergroundwaterexchangeevaluatedusingfieldtemperaturerecords-2010\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  Analytical methods that use natural heat as a tracer to quantify surface water–groundwater exchange, evaluated using field temperature records.\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  <a class=\"bibbase author link\" href=\"https://gcrau.github.io/\">Rau, G. C.</a>;  and Andersen, M.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  19 Jul 2010 2010.\n  <span class=\"note\">Outreach presentation</span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/rau-andersen-analyticalmethodsthatusenaturalheatasatracertoquantifysurfacewatergroundwaterexchangeevaluatedusingfieldtemperaturerecords-2010\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('rau-andersen-analyticalmethodsthatusenaturalheatasatracertoquantifysurfacewatergroundwaterexchangeevaluatedusingfieldtemperaturerecords-2010')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@Misc{Rau-2010b,\n  author = {Rau, Gabriel CC. and Andersen, M.S.},\n  title  = {Analytical methods that use natural heat as a tracer to quantify surface water–groundwater exchange, evaluated using field temperature records},\n  month  = {19 Jul 2010},\n  year   = {2010},\n  note   = {Outreach presentation},\n  date   = {2010-07-19},\n  type   = {Outreach presentation},\n}\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"rau-andersen-analyticalmethodsthatusenaturalheatasatracertoquantifysurfacewatergroundwaterexchangeevaluatedusingfieldtemperaturerecords-2010\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  Analytical methods that use natural heat as a tracer to quantify surface water–groundwater exchange, evaluated using field temperature records.\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  <a class=\"bibbase author link\" href=\"https://gcrau.github.io/\">Rau, G. C.</a>;  and Andersen, M.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  21 Jul 2010 2010.\n  <span class=\"note\">Outreach presentation</span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/rau-andersen-analyticalmethodsthatusenaturalheatasatracertoquantifysurfacewatergroundwaterexchangeevaluatedusingfieldtemperaturerecords-2010\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('rau-andersen-analyticalmethodsthatusenaturalheatasatracertoquantifysurfacewatergroundwaterexchangeevaluatedusingfieldtemperaturerecords-2010')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@Misc{Rau-2010c,\n  author = {Rau, Gabriel CC. and Andersen, M.S.},\n  title  = {Analytical methods that use natural heat as a tracer to quantify surface water–groundwater exchange, evaluated using field temperature records},\n  month  = {21 Jul 2010},\n  year   = {2010},\n  note   = {Outreach presentation},\n  date   = {2010-07-21},\n  type   = {Outreach presentation},\n}\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"rau-andersen-analyticalmethodsthatusenaturalheatasatracertoquantifysurfacewatergroundwaterexchangeevaluatedusingfieldtemperaturerecords-2010\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  Analytical methods that use natural heat as a tracer to quantify surface water–groundwater exchange, evaluated using field temperature records.\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  <a class=\"bibbase author link\" href=\"https://gcrau.github.io/\">Rau, G. C.</a>;  and Andersen, M.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  23 Jul 2010 2010.\n  <span class=\"note\">Outreach presentation</span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/rau-andersen-analyticalmethodsthatusenaturalheatasatracertoquantifysurfacewatergroundwaterexchangeevaluatedusingfieldtemperaturerecords-2010\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('rau-andersen-analyticalmethodsthatusenaturalheatasatracertoquantifysurfacewatergroundwaterexchangeevaluatedusingfieldtemperaturerecords-2010')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@Misc{Rau-2010d,\n  author = {Rau, Gabriel CC. and Andersen, M.S.},\n  title  = {Analytical methods that use natural heat as a tracer to quantify surface water–groundwater exchange, evaluated using field temperature records},\n  month  = {23 Jul 2010},\n  year   = {2010},\n  note   = {Outreach presentation},\n  date   = {2010-07-23},\n  type   = {Outreach presentation},\n}\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"rau-andersen-acworth-analyticalmethodsthatusenaturalheatasatracertoquantifysurfacewatergroundwaterexchangeevaluatedusingfieldtemperaturerecords-2010\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  Analytical methods that use natural heat as a tracer to quantify surface water–groundwater exchange, evaluated using field temperature records.\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  <a class=\"bibbase author link\" href=\"https://gcrau.github.io/\">Rau, G. C.</a>; Andersen, M.;  and Acworth, R.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  9 Feb 2010 2010.\n  <span class=\"note\">Outreach presentation</span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/rau-andersen-acworth-analyticalmethodsthatusenaturalheatasatracertoquantifysurfacewatergroundwaterexchangeevaluatedusingfieldtemperaturerecords-2010\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('rau-andersen-acworth-analyticalmethodsthatusenaturalheatasatracertoquantifysurfacewatergroundwaterexchangeevaluatedusingfieldtemperaturerecords-2010')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@Misc{Rau-2010e,\n  author = {Rau, Gabriel CC. and Andersen, M.S. and Acworth, R.I.},\n  title  = {Analytical methods that use natural heat as a tracer to quantify surface water–groundwater exchange, evaluated using field temperature records},\n  month  = {9 Feb 2010},\n  year   = {2010},\n  note   = {Outreach presentation},\n  date   = {2010-02-09},\n  type   = {Outreach presentation},\n}\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"rau-andersen-acworth-laboratoryandfieldinvestigationofheattransportinshallowsaturatedhydrogeologicalsystems-2010\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  Laboratory and field investigation of heat transport in shallow saturated hydrogeological systems.\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  <a class=\"bibbase author link\" href=\"https://gcrau.github.io/\">Rau, G. C.</a>; Andersen, M.;  and Acworth, R.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  21 Sept 2010 2010.\n  <span class=\"note\">Outreach presentation</span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/rau-andersen-acworth-laboratoryandfieldinvestigationofheattransportinshallowsaturatedhydrogeologicalsystems-2010\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('rau-andersen-acworth-laboratoryandfieldinvestigationofheattransportinshallowsaturatedhydrogeologicalsystems-2010')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@Misc{Rau-2010f,\n  author = {Rau, Gabriel CC. and Andersen, M.S. and Acworth, R.I.},\n  title  = {Laboratory and field investigation of heat transport in shallow saturated hydrogeological systems},\n  month  = {21 Sept 2010},\n  year   = {2010},\n  note   = {Outreach presentation},\n  date   = {2010-09-21},\n  type   = {Outreach presentation},\n}\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n\n\n\n    </div>\n  </div>\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_group_whole\" id=\"group_2009\">\n    <div class=\"bibbase_group\"\n      onclick=\"toggleGroup('group_2009')\"\n      onkeypress=\"toggleGroup('group_2009')\"\n      tabindex=\"0\">\n      <i class=\"fa fa-angle-down bibbase_group_head_icon\"></i>&nbsp;\n      <span>2009</span>\n      <span class=\"bibbase_group_count\">\n        \n        (4)\n        \n      </span>\n    </div>\n    <div class=\"bibbase_group_body\">\n      \n  \n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"rau-andersen-acworth-investigatingtestingmethodsusingnaturalheatasatracertoquantifysurfacewatergroundwaterconnectivitymaulescreeknsw-2009\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  Investigating Testing Methods Using Natural Heat as a Tracer to Quantify Surface Water Groundwater Connectivity: Maules Creek, NSW.\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  <a class=\"bibbase author link\" href=\"https://gcrau.github.io/\">Rau, G. C</a>; Andersen, M. S.;  and Acworth, R. I.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n   2009.<!-- NOTE FROM BIBBASE: This entry has an invalid bibtex entry type: conference. Therefore, we don't know how to render it properly. Please consider fixing this. -->\n  <span class=\"note\">Conference presentation</span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/rau-andersen-acworth-investigatingtestingmethodsusingnaturalheatasatracertoquantifysurfacewatergroundwaterconnectivitymaulescreeknsw-2009\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('rau-andersen-acworth-investigatingtestingmethodsusingnaturalheatasatracertoquantifysurfacewatergroundwaterconnectivitymaulescreeknsw-2009')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@Conference{Rau-2009-conf,\n  author    = {Rau, Gabriel C and Andersen, M. S. and Acworth, R. I.},\n  title     = {Investigating Testing Methods Using Natural Heat as a Tracer to Quantify Surface Water Groundwater Connectivity: Maules Creek, NSW},\n  year      = {2009},\n  note      = {Conference presentation},\n  booktitle = {Cotton Catchment Communities CRC},\n  datespan  = {17-19 August 2009},\n  location  = {Narrabri, Australia},\n  name      = {Cotton Catchment Communities CRC},\n  type      = {Conference presentation},\n}\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"rau-andersen-mccallum-acworth-fieldinvestigationusingnaturalheatasatracertoquantifysurfacewatergroundwaterconnectivityinmaulescreeknswaustralia-2009\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  Field investigation using natural heat as a tracer to quantify surface water groundwater connectivity in Maules Creek, NSW, Australia.\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  <a class=\"bibbase author link\" href=\"https://gcrau.github.io/\">Rau, G. C</a>; Andersen, M. S.; McCallum, A. M.;  and Acworth, R. I.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n   2009.<!-- NOTE FROM BIBBASE: This entry has an invalid bibtex entry type: conference. Therefore, we don't know how to render it properly. Please consider fixing this. -->\n  <span class=\"note\">Conference presentation</span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/rau-andersen-mccallum-acworth-fieldinvestigationusingnaturalheatasatracertoquantifysurfacewatergroundwaterconnectivityinmaulescreeknswaustralia-2009\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('rau-andersen-mccallum-acworth-fieldinvestigationusingnaturalheatasatracertoquantifysurfacewatergroundwaterconnectivityinmaulescreeknswaustralia-2009')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@Conference{Rau-2009-confa,\n  author    = {Rau, Gabriel C and Andersen, M. S. and McCallum, A. M. and Acworth, R. I.},\n  title     = {Field investigation using natural heat as a tracer to quantify surface water groundwater connectivity in Maules Creek, NSW, Australia},\n  year      = {2009},\n  note      = {Conference presentation},\n  booktitle = {37th IAH International Convention},\n  datespan  = {7-12 Sept 2009},\n  location  = {Hyderabad, India},\n  name      = {37th IAH International Convention},\n  special   = {IAH Student Sponsorship Award 2009},\n  type      = {Conference presentation},\n}\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"rau-andersen-mccallum-acworth-fieldinvestigationtestingmethodsusingnaturalheatasatracertoquantifysurfacewatergroundwaterconnectivitymaulescreeknsw-2009\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  Field Investigation Testing Methods Using Natural Heat as a Tracer to Quantify Surface Water Groundwater Connectivity: Maules Creek, NSW.\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  <a class=\"bibbase author link\" href=\"https://gcrau.github.io/\">Rau, G. C</a>; Andersen, M. S.; McCallum, A.;  and Acworth, R. I.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n   2009.\n  <span class=\"note\">Workshop</span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/rau-andersen-mccallum-acworth-fieldinvestigationtestingmethodsusingnaturalheatasatracertoquantifysurfacewatergroundwaterconnectivitymaulescreeknsw-2009\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('rau-andersen-mccallum-acworth-fieldinvestigationtestingmethodsusingnaturalheatasatracertoquantifysurfacewatergroundwaterconnectivitymaulescreeknsw-2009')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@Misc{Rau-2009,\n  author    = {Rau, Gabriel C and Andersen, M. S. and McCallum, A.M. and Acworth, R. I.},\n  title     = {Field Investigation Testing Methods Using Natural Heat as a Tracer to Quantify Surface Water Groundwater Connectivity: Maules Creek, NSW},\n  year      = {2009},\n  note      = {Workshop},\n  booktitle = {Cotton Catchment Communities CRC},\n  datespan  = {17-19 August 2009},\n  location  = {Narrabri, Australia},\n  name      = {Cotton Catchment Communities CRC},\n  type      = {Workshop},\n}\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"rau-andersen-acworth-theuseofnaturalheatasatracertoquantifygroundwatersurfacewaterinteractionsmaulescreeknewsouthwalesaustralia-2009\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  The Use of Natural Heat as a Tracer to Quantify Groundwater Surface Water Interactions, Maules Creek, New South Wales, Australia.\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  <a class=\"bibbase author link\" href=\"https://gcrau.github.io/\">Rau, G. C.</a>; Andersen, M.;  and Acworth, R.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  20 Nov 2009 2009.\n  <span class=\"note\">Outreach presentation</span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/rau-andersen-acworth-theuseofnaturalheatasatracertoquantifygroundwatersurfacewaterinteractionsmaulescreeknewsouthwalesaustralia-2009\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('rau-andersen-acworth-theuseofnaturalheatasatracertoquantifygroundwatersurfacewaterinteractionsmaulescreeknewsouthwalesaustralia-2009')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@Misc{Rau-2009a,\n  author = {Rau, Gabriel CC. and Andersen, M.S and Acworth, R.I.},\n  title  = {The Use of Natural Heat as a Tracer to Quantify Groundwater Surface Water Interactions, Maules Creek, New South Wales, Australia},\n  month  = {20 Nov 2009},\n  year   = {2009},\n  note   = {Outreach presentation},\n  date   = {2009-11-20},\n  type   = {Outreach presentation},\n}\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n\n\n\n    </div>\n  </div>\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_group_whole\" id=\"group_2008\">\n    <div class=\"bibbase_group\"\n      onclick=\"toggleGroup('group_2008')\"\n      onkeypress=\"toggleGroup('group_2008')\"\n      tabindex=\"0\">\n      <i class=\"fa fa-angle-down bibbase_group_head_icon\"></i>&nbsp;\n      <span>2008</span>\n      <span class=\"bibbase_group_count\">\n        \n        (2)\n        \n      </span>\n    </div>\n    <div class=\"bibbase_group_body\">\n      \n  \n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"rau-theuseofnaturalheatasatracertoquantifygroundwatersurfacewaterinteractionsmaulescreeknewsouthwalesaustralia-2008\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"http://goo.gl/ArBskl\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'rau-theuseofnaturalheatasatracertoquantifygroundwatersurfacewaterinteractionsmaulescreeknewsouthwalesaustralia-2008', 'http://goo.gl/ArBskl', event);\">\n    The Use of Natural Heat as a Tracer to Quantify Groundwater Surface Water Interactions: Maules Creek, New South Wales, Australia.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  <a class=\"bibbase author link\" href=\"https://gcrau.github.io/\">Rau, G. C</a>\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  Diplomarbeit, Department of Hydromechanics and Modelling of Hydrosystems,  2008.\n  <span class=\"note\">Diplomarbeit (equiv. Master thesis)</span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://goo.gl/ArBskl\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('rau-theuseofnaturalheatasatracertoquantifygroundwatersurfacewaterinteractionsmaulescreeknewsouthwalesaustralia-2008', 'http://goo.gl/ArBskl', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"The Use of Natural Heat as a Tracer to Quantify Groundwater Surface Water Interactions: Maules Creek, New South Wales, Australia [link]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/rau-theuseofnaturalheatasatracertoquantifygroundwatersurfacewaterinteractionsmaulescreeknewsouthwalesaustralia-2008\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('rau-theuseofnaturalheatasatracertoquantifygroundwatersurfacewaterinteractionsmaulescreeknewsouthwalesaustralia-2008')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@Mastersthesis{Rau-2008-thesis,\n  author     = {Rau, Gabriel C},\n  title      = {The Use of Natural Heat as a Tracer to Quantify Groundwater Surface Water Interactions: Maules Creek, New South Wales, Australia},\n  school     = {Department of Hydromechanics and Modelling of Hydrosystems},\n  year       = {2008},\n  type       = {Diplomarbeit},\n  note       = {Diplomarbeit (equiv. Master thesis)},\n  url        = {http://goo.gl/ArBskl},\n  university = {Universität Stuttgart},\n}\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"rau-andersen-mccallum-acworth-fieldandnumericalinvestigationofsurfacewatergroundwaterinteractionsusingnaturalheatasatracerdeviationfromthe1dflowassumption-2008\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  Field and Numerical Investigation of Surface Water Groundwater Interactions Using Natural Heat as a Tracer – Deviation from the 1D Flow Assumption.\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  <a class=\"bibbase author link\" href=\"https://gcrau.github.io/\">Rau, G. C</a>; Andersen, M.; McCallum, A.;  and Acworth, R.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n   2008.<!-- NOTE FROM BIBBASE: This entry has an invalid bibtex entry type: conference. Therefore, we don't know how to render it properly. Please consider fixing this. -->\n  <span class=\"note\">Conference poster</span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/rau-andersen-mccallum-acworth-fieldandnumericalinvestigationofsurfacewatergroundwaterinteractionsusingnaturalheatasatracerdeviationfromthe1dflowassumption-2008\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('rau-andersen-mccallum-acworth-fieldandnumericalinvestigationofsurfacewatergroundwaterinteractionsusingnaturalheatasatracerdeviationfromthe1dflowassumption-2008')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@Conference{Rau-2008-conf,\n  author    = {Rau, Gabriel C and Andersen, M.S. and McCallum, A.M. and Acworth, R.I},\n  title     = {Field and Numerical Investigation of Surface Water Groundwater Interactions Using Natural Heat as a Tracer – Deviation from the 1D Flow Assumption},\n  year      = {2008},\n  note      = {Conference poster},\n  booktitle = {Western Pacific AGU meeting},\n  datespan  = {28 July – 1 August 2008},\n  location  = {Cairns, Australia},\n  name      = {Western Pacific AGU meeting},\n  type      = {Conference poster},\n}\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n\n\n\n    </div>\n  </div>\n\n\n\n\n  </div>\n\n\n  <!-- Modal -->\n\n  <!-- <iframe id=\"bibbase_network_frame\" -->\n  <!--         src=\"//bibbase.org/network/control\" -->\n  <!--         style=\"display: none;\"> -->\n  <!-- </iframe> -->\n\n</div>\n"}; document.write(bibbase_data.data);