\n \n \n
\n
\n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Hydro-morphodynamics 2D modelling using a discontinuous Galerkin discretisation.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Clare, M. C., Percival, J. R., Angeloudis, A., Cotter, C. J., & Piggott, M. D.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n
Computers & Geosciences, 146: 104658. 2021.\n
\n\n
\n\n
\n\n
\n\n \n \n Paper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n \n \n 4 downloads\n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
\n
@article{Clare2021,\ntitle = "Hydro-morphodynamics 2D modelling using a discontinuous Galerkin discretisation",\njournal = "Computers \\& Geosciences",\nvolume = "146",\npages = "104658",\nyear = "2021",\nissn = "0098-3004",\ndoi = "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cageo.2020.104658",\nurl = "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0098300420306324",\nauthor = "Mariana C.A. Clare and James R. Percival and Angeloudis, A. and Colin J. Cotter and Matthew D. Piggott",\nkeywords = "Suspended and bedload transport, Discontinuous Galerkin, Finite element methods, Computational methods, Gravity and secondary current effects, Geomorphology",\nabstract = "The development of morphodynamic models to simulate sediment transport accurately is a challenging process that is becoming ever more important because of our increasing exploitation of the coastal zone, as well as sea-level rise and the potential increase in strength and frequency of storms due to a changing climate. Morphodynamic models are highly complex given the non-linear and coupled nature of the sediment transport problem. Here we implement a new depth-averaged coupled hydrodynamic and sediment transport model within the coastal ocean model Thetis, built using the code generating framework Firedrake which facilitates code flexibility and optimisation benefits. To the best of our knowledge, this represents the first full morphodynamic model including both bedload and suspended sediment transport which uses a discontinuous Galerkin based finite element discretisation. We implement new functionalities within Thetis extending its existing capacity to model scalar transport to modelling suspended sediment transport, incorporating within Thetis options to model bedload transport and bedlevel changes. We apply our model to problems with non-cohesive sediment and account for effects of gravity and helical flow by adding slope gradient terms and parametrising secondary currents. For validation purposes and in demonstrating model capability, we present results from test cases of a migrating trench and a meandering channel comparing against experimental data and the widely-used model Telemac-Mascaret."\n}\n\n
\n
\n\n\n
\n The development of morphodynamic models to simulate sediment transport accurately is a challenging process that is becoming ever more important because of our increasing exploitation of the coastal zone, as well as sea-level rise and the potential increase in strength and frequency of storms due to a changing climate. Morphodynamic models are highly complex given the non-linear and coupled nature of the sediment transport problem. Here we implement a new depth-averaged coupled hydrodynamic and sediment transport model within the coastal ocean model Thetis, built using the code generating framework Firedrake which facilitates code flexibility and optimisation benefits. To the best of our knowledge, this represents the first full morphodynamic model including both bedload and suspended sediment transport which uses a discontinuous Galerkin based finite element discretisation. We implement new functionalities within Thetis extending its existing capacity to model scalar transport to modelling suspended sediment transport, incorporating within Thetis options to model bedload transport and bedlevel changes. We apply our model to problems with non-cohesive sediment and account for effects of gravity and helical flow by adding slope gradient terms and parametrising secondary currents. For validation purposes and in demonstrating model capability, we present results from test cases of a migrating trench and a meandering channel comparing against experimental data and the widely-used model Telemac-Mascaret.\n
\n\n\n
\n\n\n
\n
\n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Modelling an energetic tidal strait: investigating implications of common numerical configuration choices.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Mackie, L., Evans, P. S., Harrold, M. J., O`Doherty, T., Piggott, M. D., & Angeloudis, A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n
Applied Ocean Research, 108: 102494. 2021.\n
\n\n
\n\n
\n\n
\n\n \n \n Paper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
\n
@article{Mackie2021,\ntitle = "Modelling an energetic tidal strait: investigating implications of common numerical configuration choices",\njournal = "Applied Ocean Research",\nvolume = "108",\npages = "102494",\nyear = "2021",\nissn = "0141-1187",\ndoi = "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apor.2020.102494",\nurl = "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0141118720310531",\nauthor = "Lucas Mackie and Paul S. Evans and Magnus J. Harrold and Tim O`Doherty and Matthew D. Piggott and Athanasios Angeloudis",\nkeywords = "Coastal hydrodynamics, Model calibration, Manning coefficient, Unstructured mesh, Field measurements, Wake modelling, Marine energy,",\nabstract = "Representation of the marine environment is key for reliable coastal hydrodynamic models. This study investigates the implications of common depth-averaged model configuration choices in sufficiently characterising seabed geometry and roughness. In particular, applications requiring a high level of accuracy and/or exhibiting complex flow conditions may call for greater detail in marine environment representation than typically adopted in coastal models. Ramsey Sound, a macrotidal strait in Pembrokeshire, Wales, UK is considered as a case study. The site contains various steeply inclined bathymetric features, including a submerged pinnacle named Horse Rock and a rocky reef called “The Bitches”. The available energy in Ramsey Sound’s tidal currents has attracted attention from tidal energy developers. There is interest in accurately modelling the energetic hydrodynamics surrounding its pronounced bathymetry. The coastal flow solver Thetis is applied to simulate the flow conditions in Ramsey Sound. It is shown that notable prominent bathymetric features in the strait influence localised and, most importantly, regional hydrodynamic characteristics. “The Bitches” consistently accelerate flow in the strait while Horse Rock induces a notable wake structure and flow reversals. The model is calibrated against bed- and vessel-mounted Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler (ADCP) observations, by altering seabed roughness parameterisations. A spatially variable and locally scaled Manning coefficient based on diverse seabed classification observations is found to improve model performance in comparison to uniformly applied constants, the latter a more common approach. The local impact of altering the Manning coefficient configuration is found to be greatest during spring flood periods of high velocity currents. Meanwhile, the effect of coarsening the computational mesh around bathymetric features towards values more typically applied in coastal models is investigated. Results indicate severe misrepresentation of seabed geometry and subsequent wake hydrodynamics unless refined to a mesh element size that adequately represents Horse Rock and “The Bitches”."\n}\n\n
\n
\n\n\n
\n Representation of the marine environment is key for reliable coastal hydrodynamic models. This study investigates the implications of common depth-averaged model configuration choices in sufficiently characterising seabed geometry and roughness. In particular, applications requiring a high level of accuracy and/or exhibiting complex flow conditions may call for greater detail in marine environment representation than typically adopted in coastal models. Ramsey Sound, a macrotidal strait in Pembrokeshire, Wales, UK is considered as a case study. The site contains various steeply inclined bathymetric features, including a submerged pinnacle named Horse Rock and a rocky reef called “The Bitches”. The available energy in Ramsey Sound’s tidal currents has attracted attention from tidal energy developers. There is interest in accurately modelling the energetic hydrodynamics surrounding its pronounced bathymetry. The coastal flow solver Thetis is applied to simulate the flow conditions in Ramsey Sound. It is shown that notable prominent bathymetric features in the strait influence localised and, most importantly, regional hydrodynamic characteristics. “The Bitches” consistently accelerate flow in the strait while Horse Rock induces a notable wake structure and flow reversals. The model is calibrated against bed- and vessel-mounted Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler (ADCP) observations, by altering seabed roughness parameterisations. A spatially variable and locally scaled Manning coefficient based on diverse seabed classification observations is found to improve model performance in comparison to uniformly applied constants, the latter a more common approach. The local impact of altering the Manning coefficient configuration is found to be greatest during spring flood periods of high velocity currents. Meanwhile, the effect of coarsening the computational mesh around bathymetric features towards values more typically applied in coastal models is investigated. Results indicate severe misrepresentation of seabed geometry and subsequent wake hydrodynamics unless refined to a mesh element size that adequately represents Horse Rock and “The Bitches”.\n
\n\n\n
\n\n\n
\n
\n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Evaluating the eutrophication risk of an artificial tidal lagoon.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Kadiri, M., Zhang, H., Angeloudis, A., & Piggott, M. D.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n
Ocean & Coastal Management, 203: 105490. 2021.\n
\n\n
\n\n
\n\n
\n\n \n \n Paper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
\n
@article{KADIRI2021105490,\ntitle = "Evaluating the eutrophication risk of an artificial tidal lagoon",\njournal = "Ocean \\& Coastal Management",\nvolume = "203",\npages = "105490",\nyear = "2021",\nissn = "0964-5691",\ndoi = "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2020.105490",\nurl = "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0964569120303975",\nauthor = "Margaret Kadiri and Holly Zhang and Athanasios Angeloudis and Matthew D. Piggott",\nkeywords = "Tidal power, Marine renewable energy, Environmental impact, Eutrophication, Trophic status",\nabstract = "With increased nutrient inputs to estuaries in recent decades exacerbating their susceptibility to eutrophication, assessment of the response of individual estuaries to nutrient enrichment is attracting considerable attention. Nonetheless, the impact of tidal energy extraction on estuarine nutrient dynamics and the risk of eutrophication has been largely overlooked despite the detrimental consequences of eutrophication on ecosystem functioning. It is understood that tidal energy schemes such as the tidal lagoon previously proposed in Swansea Bay would alter tidal flow characteristics, potentially having knock-on impacts on physical estuarine characteristics and ecological processes in the impounded area. This study examined the existing physical estuarine characteristics in Swansea Bay and evaluated the risk of eutrophication following tidal power plant operation under ebb-only and two-way strategies using a simple risk assessment model. Two surveys were conducted to measure in-situ temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen, chlorophyll-a, dissolved inorganic nitrogen and turbidity in the water column at 12 sampling stations selected to cover the location in the tidal energy scheme proposal. The water column was found to be nutrient enriched and essentially vertically homogenous with no strong evidence of stratification. High dissolved oxygen, low turbidity and high phytoplankton biomass indicated by the chlorophyll-a concentrations were observed. The bay did not show any signs of eutrophication as the phytoplankton biomass did not reach the level typical of harmful algal blooms and oxygen depletion was not observed indicating that eutrophication is not currently present in the bay. Based on numerical model predictions, the bay was found to exhibit a moderate response to nutrient enrichment with no risk of eutrophication and no net change in its status following the operation of the lagoon under both ebb-only and two-way operational modes. These findings suggest that the management strategies for protecting water quality in heavily modified estuaries such as Swansea Bay may not need to be altered following the operation of a tidal lagoon. But given the conditions for phytoplankton growth are likely to be more favourable under ebb-only operational mode compared to two-way operational mode, measures that control nutrient inputs to the impounded water column within the lagoon should be considered under the ebb-only operational mode as a prudent precautionary step."\n}\n\n
\n
\n\n\n
\n With increased nutrient inputs to estuaries in recent decades exacerbating their susceptibility to eutrophication, assessment of the response of individual estuaries to nutrient enrichment is attracting considerable attention. Nonetheless, the impact of tidal energy extraction on estuarine nutrient dynamics and the risk of eutrophication has been largely overlooked despite the detrimental consequences of eutrophication on ecosystem functioning. It is understood that tidal energy schemes such as the tidal lagoon previously proposed in Swansea Bay would alter tidal flow characteristics, potentially having knock-on impacts on physical estuarine characteristics and ecological processes in the impounded area. This study examined the existing physical estuarine characteristics in Swansea Bay and evaluated the risk of eutrophication following tidal power plant operation under ebb-only and two-way strategies using a simple risk assessment model. Two surveys were conducted to measure in-situ temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen, chlorophyll-a, dissolved inorganic nitrogen and turbidity in the water column at 12 sampling stations selected to cover the location in the tidal energy scheme proposal. The water column was found to be nutrient enriched and essentially vertically homogenous with no strong evidence of stratification. High dissolved oxygen, low turbidity and high phytoplankton biomass indicated by the chlorophyll-a concentrations were observed. The bay did not show any signs of eutrophication as the phytoplankton biomass did not reach the level typical of harmful algal blooms and oxygen depletion was not observed indicating that eutrophication is not currently present in the bay. Based on numerical model predictions, the bay was found to exhibit a moderate response to nutrient enrichment with no risk of eutrophication and no net change in its status following the operation of the lagoon under both ebb-only and two-way operational modes. These findings suggest that the management strategies for protecting water quality in heavily modified estuaries such as Swansea Bay may not need to be altered following the operation of a tidal lagoon. But given the conditions for phytoplankton growth are likely to be more favourable under ebb-only operational mode compared to two-way operational mode, measures that control nutrient inputs to the impounded water column within the lagoon should be considered under the ebb-only operational mode as a prudent precautionary step.\n
\n\n\n
\n\n\n
\n
\n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Tidal range resource of Australia.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Neill, S. P., Hemmer, M., Robins, P. E., Griffiths, A., Furnish, A., & Angeloudis, A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n
Renewable Energy, 170: 683-692. 2021.\n
\n\n
\n\n
\n\n
\n\n \n \n Paper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
\n
@article{NEILL2021683,\ntitle = {Tidal range resource of Australia},\njournal = {Renewable Energy},\nvolume = {170},\npages = {683-692},\nyear = {2021},\nissn = {0960-1481},\ndoi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2021.02.035},\nurl = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0960148121002020},\nauthor = {Simon P. Neill and Mark Hemmer and Peter E. Robins and Alana Griffiths and Aaron Furnish and Athanasios Angeloudis},\nkeywords = {Tidal range power, Tidal lagoon, Tidal barrage, 0D modelling, TPXO9, Australia},\nabstract = {In some shelf sea regions of the world, the tidal range is sufficient to convert the potential energy of the tides into electricity via tidal range power plants. As an island continent, Australia is one such region – a previous study estimated that Australia hosts up to 30% of the world’s resource. Here, we make use of a gridded tidal dataset (TPXO9) to characterize the tidal range resource of Australia. We examine the theoretical resource, and we also investigate the technical resource through 0D modelling with tidal range power plant operation. We find that the tidal range resource of Australia is 2004 TWh/yr, or about 22% of the global resource. This exceeds Australia’s total energy consumption for 2018/2019 (1721 TWh/yr), suggesting tidal range energy has the potential to make a substantial contribution to Australia’s electricity generation (265 TWh/yr in 2018/2019). Due to local resonance, the resource is concentrated in the sparsely populated Kimberley region of Western Australia. However, the tidal range resource in this region presents a renewable energy export opportunity, connecting to markets in southeast Asia. Combining the electricity from two complementary sites, with some degree of optimization tidal range schemes in this region can produce electricity for 45% of the year.}\n}\n\n
\n
\n\n\n
\n In some shelf sea regions of the world, the tidal range is sufficient to convert the potential energy of the tides into electricity via tidal range power plants. As an island continent, Australia is one such region – a previous study estimated that Australia hosts up to 30% of the world’s resource. Here, we make use of a gridded tidal dataset (TPXO9) to characterize the tidal range resource of Australia. We examine the theoretical resource, and we also investigate the technical resource through 0D modelling with tidal range power plant operation. We find that the tidal range resource of Australia is 2004 TWh/yr, or about 22% of the global resource. This exceeds Australia’s total energy consumption for 2018/2019 (1721 TWh/yr), suggesting tidal range energy has the potential to make a substantial contribution to Australia’s electricity generation (265 TWh/yr in 2018/2019). Due to local resonance, the resource is concentrated in the sparsely populated Kimberley region of Western Australia. However, the tidal range resource in this region presents a renewable energy export opportunity, connecting to markets in southeast Asia. Combining the electricity from two complementary sites, with some degree of optimization tidal range schemes in this region can produce electricity for 45% of the year.\n
\n\n\n
\n\n\n
\n
\n\n \n \n \n \n \n Calibrating depth-averaged hydrodynamic models in areas with variable roughness and complex bathymetry.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Mackie, L., Evans, P., Angeloudis, A., & Piggott, M. D.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In
IAHR 2020 Conference , pages 1–2. Warsaw, 2021.\n
\n\n
\n\n
\n\n
\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n
\n
@incollection{Mackie2021b,\nauthor = {Mackie, Lucas and Evans, Paul and Angeloudis, Athanasios and Piggott, M. D. },\nbooktitle = {IAHR 2020 Conference },\naddress = {Warsaw},\ntitle = {{Calibrating depth-averaged hydrodynamic models in areas with variable roughness and complex bathymetry}},\nyear = {2021},\npages = {1--2}\n}\n\n\n
\n
\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n
\n
\n\n \n \n \n \n \n Modelling the mixing and dispersion of brine surface discharge from desalination plants in coastal areas.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Fragkou, A., Deskos, G., Angeloudis, A., & Piggott, M. D.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In
IAHR 2020 Conference , pages 1–2. Warsaw, 2021.\n
\n\n
\n\n
\n\n
\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n
\n
@incollection{Fragkou2021,\nauthor = {Fragkou, Anastasia and Deskos, Georgios and Angeloudis, Athanasios and Piggott, M. D. },\nbooktitle = {IAHR 2020 Conference },\naddress = {Warsaw},\ntitle = {{Modelling the mixing and dispersion of brine surface discharge from desalination plants in coastal areas}},\nyear = {2021},\npages = {1--2}\n}\n\n
\n
\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n
\n
\n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Tidal Stream vs. Wind Energy: The Value of Cyclic Power when Combined with Short-Term Storage in Hybrid Systems.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Coles, D., Angeloudis, A., Goss, Z., & Miles, J.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n
Energies, 14(4). 2021.\n
\n\n
\n\n
\n\n
\n\n \n \n Paper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n
\n
@Article{en14041106,\nAUTHOR = {Coles, Daniel and Angeloudis, Athanasios and Goss, Zoe and Miles, Jon},\nTITLE = {Tidal Stream vs. Wind Energy: The Value of Cyclic Power when Combined with Short-Term Storage in Hybrid Systems},\nJOURNAL = {Energies},\nVOLUME = {14},\nYEAR = {2021},\nNUMBER = {4},\nARTICLE-NUMBER = {1106},\nURL = {https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/14/4/1106},\nISSN = {1996-1073},\nABSTRACT = {This study quantifies the technical, economic and environmental performance of hybrid systems that use either a tidal stream or wind turbine, alongside short-term battery storage and back-up oil generators. The systems are designed to partially displace oil generators on the island of Alderney, located in the British Channel Islands. The tidal stream turbine provides four power generation periods per day, every day. This relatively high frequency power cycling limits the use of the oil generators to 1.6 GWh/year. In contrast, low wind resource periods can last for days, forcing the wind hybrid system to rely on the back-up oil generators over long periods, totalling 2.4 GWh/year (50% higher). For this reason the tidal hybrid system spends £0.25 million/year less on fuel by displacing a greater volume of oil, or £6.4 million over a 25 year operating life, assuming a flat cost of oil over this period. The tidal and wind hybrid systems achieve an oil displacement of 78% and 67% respectively (the same as the reduction in carbon emissions). For the wind hybrid system to displace the same amount of oil as the tidal hybrid system, two additional wind turbines are needed. The ability of the battery to store excess turbine energy during high tidal/wind resource periods relies on opportunities to regularly discharge stored energy. The tidal hybrid system achieves this during slack tides. Periods of high wind resource outlast those of high tidal resource, causing the battery to often remain fully charged and excess wind power to be curtailed. Consequently the wind hybrid system curtails 1.9 GWh/year, whilst the tidal turbine curtails 0.2 GWh/year. The ability of the tidal stream turbines to reduce curtailment, fuel costs and carbon emissions may provide a case for implementing them in hybrid systems, if these benefits outweigh their relatively high capital and operating expenditure.},\nDOI = {10.3390/en14041106}\n}\n\n
\n
\n\n\n
\n This study quantifies the technical, economic and environmental performance of hybrid systems that use either a tidal stream or wind turbine, alongside short-term battery storage and back-up oil generators. The systems are designed to partially displace oil generators on the island of Alderney, located in the British Channel Islands. The tidal stream turbine provides four power generation periods per day, every day. This relatively high frequency power cycling limits the use of the oil generators to 1.6 GWh/year. In contrast, low wind resource periods can last for days, forcing the wind hybrid system to rely on the back-up oil generators over long periods, totalling 2.4 GWh/year (50% higher). For this reason the tidal hybrid system spends £0.25 million/year less on fuel by displacing a greater volume of oil, or £6.4 million over a 25 year operating life, assuming a flat cost of oil over this period. The tidal and wind hybrid systems achieve an oil displacement of 78% and 67% respectively (the same as the reduction in carbon emissions). For the wind hybrid system to displace the same amount of oil as the tidal hybrid system, two additional wind turbines are needed. The ability of the battery to store excess turbine energy during high tidal/wind resource periods relies on opportunities to regularly discharge stored energy. The tidal hybrid system achieves this during slack tides. Periods of high wind resource outlast those of high tidal resource, causing the battery to often remain fully charged and excess wind power to be curtailed. Consequently the wind hybrid system curtails 1.9 GWh/year, whilst the tidal turbine curtails 0.2 GWh/year. The ability of the tidal stream turbines to reduce curtailment, fuel costs and carbon emissions may provide a case for implementing them in hybrid systems, if these benefits outweigh their relatively high capital and operating expenditure.\n
\n\n\n
\n\n\n
\n
\n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Advances in Environmental Hydraulics.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Gualtieri, C., Shao, D., & Angeloudis, A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n
Water, 13(9). 2021.\n
\n\n
\n\n
\n\n
\n\n \n \n Paper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n
\n
@Article{w13091192,\nAUTHOR = {Gualtieri, Carlo and Shao, Dongdong and Angeloudis, Athanasios},\nTITLE = {Advances in Environmental Hydraulics},\nJOURNAL = {Water},\nVOLUME = {13},\nYEAR = {2021},\nNUMBER = {9},\nARTICLE-NUMBER = {1192},\nURL = {https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/13/9/1192},\nISSN = {2073-4441},\nABSTRACT = {Environmental Hydraulics (EH) is the scientific study of environmental water flows and their related transport and transformation processes affecting the environmental quality of natural water systems, such as rivers, lakes, and aquifers, on our planet Earth [...]},\nDOI = {10.3390/w13091192}\n}\n\n
\n
\n\n\n
\n Environmental Hydraulics (EH) is the scientific study of environmental water flows and their related transport and transformation processes affecting the environmental quality of natural water systems, such as rivers, lakes, and aquifers, on our planet Earth [...]\n
\n\n\n
\n\n\n
\n
\n\n \n \n \n \n \n Metric-based Mesh Adaptation for Tidal Farm Modelling.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Wallwork, J. G., Mackie, L., Kramer, S. C., Barral, N., Angeloudis, A., & Piggott, M. D.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In
MARINE 2021 Conference, pages 1–6, Edinburgh, 2021. \n
\n\n
\n\n
\n\n
\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n
\n
@inproceedings{Wallwork2021,\nauthor = {Wallwork, J. G. and Mackie, L. and Kramer, S. C. and Barral, N. and Angeloudis, A. and Piggott, M. D. },\nbooktitle = {MARINE 2021 Conference},\naddress = {Edinburgh},\ntitle = {{Metric-based Mesh Adaptation for Tidal Farm Modelling}},\nyear = {2021},\npages = {1--6}\n}\n\n
\n
\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n
\n
\n\n \n \n \n \n \n Assessing the Hydrodynamic Impact of Idealised Tidal Power Lagoons at Sites Along the UK West Coast.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Mackie, L., Kramer, S. C., Angeloudis, A., & Piggott, M. D.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In
MARINE 2021 Conference, pages 1–2. Edinburgh, 2021.\n
\n\n
\n\n
\n\n
\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n
\n
@incollection{Mackie2021c,\nauthor = {Mackie, L. and Kramer, S. C. and Angeloudis, A. and Piggott, M. D. },\nbooktitle = {MARINE 2021 Conference},\naddress = {Edinburgh},\ntitle = {{Assessing the Hydrodynamic Impact of Idealised Tidal Power Lagoons at Sites Along the UK West Coast}},\nyear = {2021},\npages = {1--2}\n}\n\n
\n
\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n
\n
\n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Satellite data for the offshore renewable energy sector: Synergies and innovation opportunities.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Medina-Lopez, E., McMillan, D., Lazic, J., Hart, E., Zen, S., Angeloudis, A., Bannon, E., Browell, J., Dorling, S., Dorrell, R., Forster, R., Old, C., Payne, G., Porter, G., Rabaneda, A., Sellar, B., Tapoglou, E., Trifonova, N., Woodhouse, I., & Zampollo, A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n
Remote Sensing of Environment, 264: 112588. 2021.\n
\n\n
\n\n
\n\n
\n\n \n \n Paper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
\n
@article{Medinalopez2021,\ntitle = {Satellite data for the offshore renewable energy sector: Synergies and innovation opportunities},\njournal = {Remote Sensing of Environment},\nvolume = {264},\npages = {112588},\nyear = {2021},\nissn = {0034-4257},\ndoi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2021.112588},\nurl = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0034425721003084},\nauthor = {E. Medina-Lopez and D. McMillan and J. Lazic and E. Hart and S. Zen and A. Angeloudis and E. Bannon and J. Browell and S. Dorling and R.M. Dorrell and R. Forster and C. Old and G.S. Payne and G. Porter and A.S. Rabaneda and B. Sellar and E. Tapoglou and N. Trifonova and I.H. Woodhouse and A. Zampollo},\nkeywords = {Satellite data, Offshore renewable energy (ORE), Wind, Tidal, Wave, SAR, Sustainable ORE sector},\n}\n\n
\n
\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n
\n\n\n
\n
\n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n .\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Angeloudis, A., Mackie, L., & Piggott, M. D.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Tidal Range Energy. Elsevier, 2021.\n
\n\n
\n\n
\n\n
\n\n \n \n Paper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n \n \n 1 download\n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
\n
@inbook{ANGELOUDIS2021,\ntitle = {Tidal Range Energy},\nbooktitle = {Reference Module in Earth Systems and Environmental Sciences},\npublisher = {Elsevier},\nyear = {2021},\nisbn = {978-0-12-409548-9},\ndoi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-819727-1.00093-5},\nurl = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780128197271000935},\nauthor = {Athanasios Angeloudis and Lucas Mackie and Matthew D. Piggott},\nkeywords = {Environmental impact, Potential energy, Resource assessment, Tidal barrage, Tidal lagoon, Tidal range energy},\nabstract = {Tides present enormous opportunities to serve as a source of marine renewable energy. This chapter outlines resource and exploitation considerations associated with the marine energy available in areas exhibiting a high tidal range. Initially, a brief introduction to this particular form of tidal power is presented, highlighting the characteristics of the resource and its global distribution. In turn, key elements of the technology required to harness this resource are described, demonstrating both progress made to-date and drivers towards the development of tidal range projects. An overview of existing tidal range power plants is provided as well as a summary of recent proposals for locations where the technology can be deployed. The focus then shifts towards technical constraints and feasibility challenges that must be considered, followed by the methods currently used to address these. Finally, further aspects of tidal range energy assessment are discussed by means of practical case studies.}\n}\n\n\n
\n
\n\n\n
\n Tides present enormous opportunities to serve as a source of marine renewable energy. This chapter outlines resource and exploitation considerations associated with the marine energy available in areas exhibiting a high tidal range. Initially, a brief introduction to this particular form of tidal power is presented, highlighting the characteristics of the resource and its global distribution. In turn, key elements of the technology required to harness this resource are described, demonstrating both progress made to-date and drivers towards the development of tidal range projects. An overview of existing tidal range power plants is provided as well as a summary of recent proposals for locations where the technology can be deployed. The focus then shifts towards technical constraints and feasibility challenges that must be considered, followed by the methods currently used to address these. Finally, further aspects of tidal range energy assessment are discussed by means of practical case studies.\n
\n\n\n
\n\n\n
\n
\n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n A review of the UK and British Channel Islands practical tidal stream energy resource.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Coles, D., Angeloudis, A., Greaves, D., Hastie, G., Lewis, M., Mackie, L., McNaughton, J., Miles, J., Neill, S., Piggott, M., Risch, D., Scott, B., Sparling, C., Stallard, T., Thies, P., Walker, S., White, D., Willden, R., & Williamson, B.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n
Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences, 477(2255): 20210469. 2021.\n
\n\n
\n\n
\n\n
\n\n \n \n Paper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n
\n
@article{doi:10.1098/rspa.2021.0469,\nauthor = {Coles, Daniel and Angeloudis, Athanasios and Greaves, Deborah and Hastie, Gordon and Lewis, Matthew and Mackie, Lucas and McNaughton, James and Miles, Jon and Neill, Simon and Piggott, Matthew and Risch, Denise and Scott, Beth and Sparling, Carol and Stallard, Tim and Thies, Philipp and Walker, Stuart and White, David and Willden, Richard and Williamson, Benjamin },\ntitle = {A review of the UK and British Channel Islands practical tidal stream energy resource},\njournal = {Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences},\nvolume = {477},\nnumber = {2255},\npages = {20210469},\nyear = {2021},\ndoi = {10.1098/rspa.2021.0469},\n\nURL = {https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/abs/10.1098/rspa.2021.0469},\neprint = {https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/pdf/10.1098/rspa.2021.0469}\n,\n abstract = { This review provides a critical, multi-faceted assessment of the practical contribution tidal stream energy can make to the UK and British Channel Islands future energy mix. Evidence is presented that broadly supports the latest national-scale practical resource estimate, of 34 TWh/year, equivalent to 11\\% of the UK’s current annual electricity demand. The size of the practical resource depends in part on the economic competitiveness of projects. In the UK, 124 MW of prospective tidal stream capacity is currently eligible to bid for subsidy support (MeyGen 1C, 80 MW; PTEC, 30 MW; and Morlais, 14 MW). It is estimated that the installation of this 124 MW would serve to drive down the levelized cost of energy (LCoE), through learning, from its current level of around 240 £/MWh to below 150 £/MWh, based on a mid-range technology learning rate of 17\\%. Doing so would make tidal stream cost competitive with technologies such as combined cycle gas turbines, biomass and anaerobic digestion. Installing this 124 MW by 2031 would put tidal stream on a trajectory to install the estimated 11.5 GW needed to generate 34 TWh/year by 2050. The cyclic, predictable nature of tidal stream power shows potential to provide additional, whole-system cost benefits. These include reductions in balancing expenditure that are not considered in conventional LCoE estimates. The practical resource is also dependent on environmental constraints. To date, no collisions between animals and turbines have been detected, and only small changes in habitat have been measured. The impacts of large arrays on stratification and predator–prey interaction are projected to be an order of magnitude less than those from climate change, highlighting opportunities for risk retirement. Ongoing field measurements will be important as arrays scale up, given the uncertainty in some environmental and ecological impact models. Based on the findings presented in this review, we recommend that an updated national-scale practical resource study is undertaken that implements high-fidelity, site-specific modelling, with improved model validation from the wide range of field measurements that are now available from the major sites. Quantifying the sensitivity of the practical resource to constraints will be important to establish opportunities for constraint retirement. Quantification of whole-system benefits is necessary to fully understand the value of tidal stream in the energy system. }\n}\n\n
\n
\n\n\n
\n This review provides a critical, multi-faceted assessment of the practical contribution tidal stream energy can make to the UK and British Channel Islands future energy mix. Evidence is presented that broadly supports the latest national-scale practical resource estimate, of 34 TWh/year, equivalent to 11% of the UK’s current annual electricity demand. The size of the practical resource depends in part on the economic competitiveness of projects. In the UK, 124 MW of prospective tidal stream capacity is currently eligible to bid for subsidy support (MeyGen 1C, 80 MW; PTEC, 30 MW; and Morlais, 14 MW). It is estimated that the installation of this 124 MW would serve to drive down the levelized cost of energy (LCoE), through learning, from its current level of around 240 £/MWh to below 150 £/MWh, based on a mid-range technology learning rate of 17%. Doing so would make tidal stream cost competitive with technologies such as combined cycle gas turbines, biomass and anaerobic digestion. Installing this 124 MW by 2031 would put tidal stream on a trajectory to install the estimated 11.5 GW needed to generate 34 TWh/year by 2050. The cyclic, predictable nature of tidal stream power shows potential to provide additional, whole-system cost benefits. These include reductions in balancing expenditure that are not considered in conventional LCoE estimates. The practical resource is also dependent on environmental constraints. To date, no collisions between animals and turbines have been detected, and only small changes in habitat have been measured. The impacts of large arrays on stratification and predator–prey interaction are projected to be an order of magnitude less than those from climate change, highlighting opportunities for risk retirement. Ongoing field measurements will be important as arrays scale up, given the uncertainty in some environmental and ecological impact models. Based on the findings presented in this review, we recommend that an updated national-scale practical resource study is undertaken that implements high-fidelity, site-specific modelling, with improved model validation from the wide range of field measurements that are now available from the major sites. Quantifying the sensitivity of the practical resource to constraints will be important to establish opportunities for constraint retirement. Quantification of whole-system benefits is necessary to fully understand the value of tidal stream in the energy system. \n
\n\n\n
\n\n\n
\n
\n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Assessing impacts of tidal power lagoons of a consistent design.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Mackie, L., Kramer, S. C., Piggott, M. D., & Angeloudis, A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n
Ocean Engineering, 240: 109879. 2021.\n
\n\n
\n\n
\n\n
\n\n \n \n Paper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
\n
@article{MACKIE2021109879,\ntitle = {Assessing impacts of tidal power lagoons of a consistent design},\njournal = {Ocean Engineering},\nvolume = {240},\npages = {109879},\nyear = {2021},\nissn = {0029-8018},\ndoi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oceaneng.2021.109879},\nurl = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0029801821012282},\nauthor = {Lucas Mackie and Stephan C. Kramer and Matthew D. Piggott and Athanasios Angeloudis},\nkeywords = {Tidal range energy, Marine energy, Hydrodynamic impact, Resource assessment, Consistent design},\nabstract = {Tidal power lagoons have the potential to provide a reliable and long-term source of renewable power. The implementation of tidal lagoons will impact the tidal conditions and hydrodynamics of the surrounding coastal system. Impact assessments in the academic literature have generally investigated working proposals from industry of various shapes and sizes. As such, differences between the impacts arising from considered power plants in varying sites are in part influenced by the individual scheme characteristics, potentially masking the influence of site-specific factors. In this study, scheme design consistency is maintained, providing a basis to focus solely on the merits of the selected locations with regards to any associated impacts. The simulated tidal power lagoons are located in the Bristol Channel and Irish Sea, two distinct but tidally connected regions on the British coastline with contrasting marine environment characteristics. Results indicate that the more constrained geometry of the Bristol Channel contributes to higher individual and cumulative impacts than potential developments in the Irish Sea. This is in part facilitated by the higher degree of blockage introduced by tidal lagoon developments in the Bristol Channel. Furthermore, far-field impacts are found to be less pronounced compared to predictions reported in tidal barrage modelling studies.}\n}\n\n
\n
\n\n\n
\n Tidal power lagoons have the potential to provide a reliable and long-term source of renewable power. The implementation of tidal lagoons will impact the tidal conditions and hydrodynamics of the surrounding coastal system. Impact assessments in the academic literature have generally investigated working proposals from industry of various shapes and sizes. As such, differences between the impacts arising from considered power plants in varying sites are in part influenced by the individual scheme characteristics, potentially masking the influence of site-specific factors. In this study, scheme design consistency is maintained, providing a basis to focus solely on the merits of the selected locations with regards to any associated impacts. The simulated tidal power lagoons are located in the Bristol Channel and Irish Sea, two distinct but tidally connected regions on the British coastline with contrasting marine environment characteristics. Results indicate that the more constrained geometry of the Bristol Channel contributes to higher individual and cumulative impacts than potential developments in the Irish Sea. This is in part facilitated by the higher degree of blockage introduced by tidal lagoon developments in the Bristol Channel. Furthermore, far-field impacts are found to be less pronounced compared to predictions reported in tidal barrage modelling studies.\n
\n\n\n
\n\n\n
\n
\n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Optimization of Marine Renewable Energy Systems.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Piggott, M. D., Kramer, S. C., Funke, S. W., Culley, D. M., & Angeloudis, A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In
Reference Module in Earth Systems and Environmental Sciences. Elsevier, 2021.\n
\n\n
\n\n
\n\n
\n\n \n \n Paper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
\n
@incollection{PIGGOTT2021,\ntitle = {Optimization of Marine Renewable Energy Systems},\nbooktitle = {Reference Module in Earth Systems and Environmental Sciences},\npublisher = {Elsevier},\nyear = {2021},\nisbn = {978-0-12-409548-9},\ndoi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-819727-1.00179-5},\nurl = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780128197271001795},\nauthor = {Matthew D. Piggott and Stephan C. Kramer and Simon W. Funke and David M. Culley and Athanasios Angeloudis},\nkeywords = {Tidal stream, Tidal range, Optimization, Modelling},\nabstract = {Optimizing marine renewable energy systems to maximize performance is key to their success. However, a range of physical, environmental, engineering, economic as well as computational challenges means that this is not straightforward. This article considers this topic, focusing on those systems whose performance is coupled to the hydrodynamics providing the resource; tidal power represents a clear example of this. In such cases system design must be optimal in relation to the resource's magnitude as well as its spatial and temporal variation, which are all dependent on the system's configuration and operation and so cannot be assumed to be known at the design stage. Designing based on the ambient resource could lead to under-performance. Coupling between the design and the resource has implications for the complexity of the optimization problem and potential hydrodynamical and environmental impacts. This coupling distinguishes many marine energy systems from other renewables which do not impact in any significant manner on the resource. The optimal design of marine energy systems thus represents a challenging and somewhat unique problem. However, feedback also opens up a number of possibilities where the resource can be ‘controlled’, to maximize the cumulative power obtained from multiple devices or plants, or to achieve some other complementary goal. Design optimization is thus critical, with many issues to consider. Due to the complexity of the problem a computational based solution is a necessity in all but the simplest scenarios. However, the coupled feedback requires that an iterative solution approach be used, which combined while the vast range of spatial and temporal scales means that methodological compromises need to be made. These compromises need to be understood, with the correct computational tool used at the appropriate point in the design process. This article reviews these challenges as well as the progress that has been made in addressing them.}\n}\n\n\n
\n
\n\n\n
\n Optimizing marine renewable energy systems to maximize performance is key to their success. However, a range of physical, environmental, engineering, economic as well as computational challenges means that this is not straightforward. This article considers this topic, focusing on those systems whose performance is coupled to the hydrodynamics providing the resource; tidal power represents a clear example of this. In such cases system design must be optimal in relation to the resource's magnitude as well as its spatial and temporal variation, which are all dependent on the system's configuration and operation and so cannot be assumed to be known at the design stage. Designing based on the ambient resource could lead to under-performance. Coupling between the design and the resource has implications for the complexity of the optimization problem and potential hydrodynamical and environmental impacts. This coupling distinguishes many marine energy systems from other renewables which do not impact in any significant manner on the resource. The optimal design of marine energy systems thus represents a challenging and somewhat unique problem. However, feedback also opens up a number of possibilities where the resource can be ‘controlled’, to maximize the cumulative power obtained from multiple devices or plants, or to achieve some other complementary goal. Design optimization is thus critical, with many issues to consider. Due to the complexity of the problem a computational based solution is a necessity in all but the simplest scenarios. However, the coupled feedback requires that an iterative solution approach be used, which combined while the vast range of spatial and temporal scales means that methodological compromises need to be made. These compromises need to be understood, with the correct computational tool used at the appropriate point in the design process. This article reviews these challenges as well as the progress that has been made in addressing them.\n
\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n\n\n