var bibbase_data = {"data":"<img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/ajax-loader.gif\" id=\"spinner\"\n  style=\"display: none;\" alt=\"Loading..\" />\n\n<div id=\"bibbase\">\n\n  <script type=\"text/javascript\">\n    var bibbase = {\n      params: {\"bib\":\"https://christopherclarke.net/publications.bib\",\"commas\":\"true\",\"jsonp\":\"1\",\"host\":\"bibbase.org\"},\n      data: [{\"bibtype\":\"inproceedings\",\"type\":\"inproceedings\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Sims\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Robert\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Chang\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Barry\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Bennett\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Verity\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Krishnan\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Advaith\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Aboubakar\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Abdalslam\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Coman\"],\"firstnames\":[\"George\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Bahrami\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Abdulrazak\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Huang\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Zehao\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Clarke\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Christopher\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Karnik\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Abhijit\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"booktitle\":\"2022 8th International Conference of the Immersive Learning Research Network (iLRN)\",\"title\":\"Step Into My Mind Palace: Exploration of a Collaborative Paragogy Tool in VR\",\"year\":\"2022\",\"volume\":\"\",\"number\":\"\",\"pages\":\"1-8\",\"doi\":\"10.23919/iLRN55037.2022.9815936\",\"bibtex\":\"@INPROCEEDINGS{9815936,\\n  author={Sims, Robert and Chang, Barry and Bennett, Verity and Krishnan, Advaith and Aboubakar, Abdalslam and Coman, George and Bahrami, Abdulrazak and Huang, Zehao and Clarke, Christopher and Karnik, Abhijit},\\n  booktitle={2022 8th International Conference of the Immersive Learning Research Network (iLRN)},\\n  title={Step Into My Mind Palace: Exploration of a Collaborative Paragogy Tool in VR},\\n  year={2022},\\n  volume={},\\n  number={},\\n  pages={1-8},\\n  doi={10.23919/iLRN55037.2022.9815936}}\\n\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Sims, R.\",\"Chang, B.\",\"Bennett, V.\",\"Krishnan, A.\",\"Aboubakar, A.\",\"Coman, G.\",\"Bahrami, A.\",\"Huang, Z.\",\"Clarke, C.\",\"Karnik, A.\"],\"key\":\"9815936\",\"id\":\"9815936\",\"bibbaseid\":\"sims-chang-bennett-krishnan-aboubakar-coman-bahrami-huang-etal-stepintomymindpalaceexplorationofacollaborativeparagogytoolinvr-2022\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{},\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{\"clarke, c\":\"https://christopherclarke.net/research.html\"}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"inproceedings\",\"type\":\"inproceedings\",\"title\":\"OpenEarable: Open Hardware Earable Sensing Platform\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Röddiger\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Tobias\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"King\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Tobias\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Roodt\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Dylan\",\"Ray\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Clarke\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Christopher\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Beigl\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Michael\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"year\":\"2022\",\"booktitle\":\"Proceedings of the 1st International Workshop on Earable Computing\",\"location\":\"Cambridge, United Kingdom\",\"publisher\":\"Association for Computing Machinery\",\"address\":\"New York, NY, USA\",\"series\":\"EarComp’22\",\"pages\":\"29–34\",\"doi\":\"10.1145/3544793.3563415\",\"url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1145/3544793.3563415\",\"numpages\":\"6\",\"keywords\":\"In-Ear Headphones, IMU, Monitoring\",\"bibtex\":\"@inproceedings{10.1145/3544793.3563415,\\ntitle = {OpenEarable: Open Hardware Earable Sensing Platform},\\nauthor = {Röddiger, Tobias and King, Tobias and Roodt, Dylan Ray and Clarke, Christopher and Beigl, Michael},\\nyear = 2022,\\nbooktitle = {Proceedings of the 1st International Workshop on Earable Computing},\\nlocation = {Cambridge, United Kingdom},\\npublisher = {Association for Computing Machinery},\\naddress = {New York, NY, USA},\\nseries = {EarComp’22},\\npages = {29–34},\\ndoi = {10.1145/3544793.3563415},\\nurl = {https://doi.org/10.1145/3544793.3563415},\\nnumpages = 6,\\nkeywords = {In-Ear Headphones, IMU, Monitoring}\\n}\\n\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Röddiger, T.\",\"King, T.\",\"Roodt, D. R.\",\"Clarke, C.\",\"Beigl, M.\"],\"key\":\"10.1145/3544793.3563415\",\"id\":\"10.1145/3544793.3563415\",\"bibbaseid\":\"rddiger-king-roodt-clarke-beigl-openearableopenhardwareearablesensingplatform-2022\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{\"Paper\":\"https://doi.org/10.1145/3544793.3563415\"},\"keyword\":[\"In-Ear Headphones\",\"IMU\",\"Monitoring\"],\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{\"clarke, c\":\"https://christopherclarke.net/research.html\"}},\"downloads\":1,\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"article\",\"type\":\"article\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Röddiger\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Tobias\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Clarke\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Christopher\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Breitling\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Paula\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Schneegans\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Tim\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Zhao\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Haibin\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Gellersen\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Hans\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Beigl\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Michael\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"title\":\"Sensing with Earables: A Systematic Literature Review and Taxonomy of Phenomena\",\"year\":\"2022\",\"issue_date\":\"September 2022\",\"publisher\":\"Association for Computing Machinery\",\"address\":\"New York, NY, USA\",\"volume\":\"6\",\"number\":\"3\",\"url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1145/3550314\",\"doi\":\"10.1145/3550314\",\"abstract\":\"Earables have emerged as a unique platform for ubiquitous computing by augmenting ear-worn devices with state-of-the-art sensing. This new platform has spurred a wealth of new research exploring what can be detected on a wearable, small form factor. As a sensing platform, the ears are less susceptible to motion artifacts and are located in close proximity to a number of important anatomical structures including the brain, blood vessels, and facial muscles which reveal a wealth of information. They can be easily reached by the hands and the ear canal itself is affected by mouth, face, and head movements. We have conducted a systematic literature review of 271 earable publications from the ACM and IEEE libraries. These were synthesized into an open-ended taxonomy of 47 different phenomena that can be sensed in, on, or around the ear. Through analysis, we identify 13 fundamental phenomena from which all other phenomena can be derived, and discuss the different sensors and sensing principles used to detect them. We comprehensively review the phenomena in four main areas of (i) physiological monitoring and health, (ii) movement and activity, (iii) interaction, and (iv) authentication and identification. This breadth highlights the potential that earables have to offer as a ubiquitous, general-purpose platform.\",\"journal\":\"Proc. ACM Interact. Mob. Wearable Ubiquitous Technol.\",\"month\":\"sep\",\"articleno\":\"135\",\"numpages\":\"57\",\"keywords\":\"earables, ear wearable, ear-mounted, headphones, earbuds, ear-attached, ear-worn, hearables, earpiece, earphones, ear-based\",\"bibtex\":\"@article{10.1145/3550314,\\nauthor = {R\\\\\\\"{o}ddiger, Tobias and Clarke, Christopher and Breitling, Paula and Schneegans, Tim and Zhao, Haibin and Gellersen, Hans and Beigl, Michael},\\ntitle = {Sensing with Earables: A Systematic Literature Review and Taxonomy of Phenomena},\\nyear = {2022},\\nissue_date = {September 2022},\\npublisher = {Association for Computing Machinery},\\naddress = {New York, NY, USA},\\nvolume = {6},\\nnumber = {3},\\nurl = {https://doi.org/10.1145/3550314},\\ndoi = {10.1145/3550314},\\nabstract = {Earables have emerged as a unique platform for ubiquitous computing by augmenting ear-worn devices with state-of-the-art sensing. This new platform has spurred a wealth of new research exploring what can be detected on a wearable, small form factor. As a sensing platform, the ears are less susceptible to motion artifacts and are located in close proximity to a number of important anatomical structures including the brain, blood vessels, and facial muscles which reveal a wealth of information. They can be easily reached by the hands and the ear canal itself is affected by mouth, face, and head movements. We have conducted a systematic literature review of 271 earable publications from the ACM and IEEE libraries. These were synthesized into an open-ended taxonomy of 47 different phenomena that can be sensed in, on, or around the ear. Through analysis, we identify 13 fundamental phenomena from which all other phenomena can be derived, and discuss the different sensors and sensing principles used to detect them. We comprehensively review the phenomena in four main areas of (i) physiological monitoring and health, (ii) movement and activity, (iii) interaction, and (iv) authentication and identification. This breadth highlights the potential that earables have to offer as a ubiquitous, general-purpose platform.},\\njournal = {Proc. ACM Interact. Mob. Wearable Ubiquitous Technol.},\\nmonth = {sep},\\narticleno = {135},\\nnumpages = {57},\\nkeywords = {earables, ear wearable, ear-mounted, headphones, earbuds, ear-attached, ear-worn, hearables, earpiece, earphones, ear-based}\\n}\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Röddiger, T.\",\"Clarke, C.\",\"Breitling, P.\",\"Schneegans, T.\",\"Zhao, H.\",\"Gellersen, H.\",\"Beigl, M.\"],\"key\":\"10.1145/3550314\",\"id\":\"10.1145/3550314\",\"bibbaseid\":\"rddiger-clarke-breitling-schneegans-zhao-gellersen-beigl-sensingwithearablesasystematicliteraturereviewandtaxonomyofphenomena-2022\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{\"Paper\":\"https://doi.org/10.1145/3550314\"},\"keyword\":[\"earables\",\"ear wearable\",\"ear-mounted\",\"headphones\",\"earbuds\",\"ear-attached\",\"ear-worn\",\"hearables\",\"earpiece\",\"earphones\",\"ear-based\"],\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{\"clarke, c\":\"https://christopherclarke.net/research.html\"}},\"downloads\":3,\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"inproceedings\",\"type\":\"inproceedings\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Coccoli\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Mauro\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Galluccio\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Ilenia\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Torre\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Ilaria\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Amenduni\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Francesca\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Cattaneo\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Alberto\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Clarke\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Christopher\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"title\":\"Advanced Visual Interfaces for Augmented Video\",\"year\":\"2022\",\"isbn\":\"9781450397193\",\"publisher\":\"Association for Computing Machinery\",\"address\":\"New York, NY, USA\",\"url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1145/3531073.3535253\",\"doi\":\"10.1145/3531073.3535253\",\"abstract\":\"The growing use of online videos across a wide range of applications, including education and training, demands new approaches to enhance their utility and the user experience, and to minimise or overcome their limitations. In addition, these new approaches must consider the needs of users with different requirements, abilities, and usage contexts. Advances in human-computer interaction, immersive video, artificial intelligence and adaptive systems can be effectively exploited to this aim, opening up exciting opportunities for enhancing the video medium. The purpose of this workshop is to bring together experts in the fields above and from popular application domains in order to provide a forum for discussing the current state-of-the-art and requirements for specific application domains, in addition to proposing experimental and theoretical approaches.\",\"booktitle\":\"Proceedings of the 2022 International Conference on Advanced Visual Interfaces\",\"articleno\":\"91\",\"numpages\":\"3\",\"keywords\":\"visual feedback, intelligent user interfaces, 360 degree video, hypervideos\",\"location\":\"Frascati, Rome, Italy\",\"series\":\"AVI 2022\",\"bibtex\":\"@inproceedings{10.1145/3531073.3535253,\\nauthor = {Coccoli, Mauro and Galluccio, Ilenia and Torre, Ilaria and Amenduni, Francesca and Cattaneo, Alberto and Clarke, Christopher},\\ntitle = {Advanced Visual Interfaces for Augmented Video},\\nyear = {2022},\\nisbn = {9781450397193},\\npublisher = {Association for Computing Machinery},\\naddress = {New York, NY, USA},\\nurl = {https://doi.org/10.1145/3531073.3535253},\\ndoi = {10.1145/3531073.3535253},\\nabstract = {The growing use of online videos across a wide range of applications, including education and training, demands new approaches to enhance their utility and the user experience, and to minimise or overcome their limitations. In addition, these new approaches must consider the needs of users with different requirements, abilities, and usage contexts. Advances in human-computer interaction, immersive video, artificial intelligence and adaptive systems can be effectively exploited to this aim, opening up exciting opportunities for enhancing the video medium. The purpose of this workshop is to bring together experts in the fields above and from popular application domains in order to provide a forum for discussing the current state-of-the-art and requirements for specific application domains, in addition to proposing experimental and theoretical approaches.},\\nbooktitle = {Proceedings of the 2022 International Conference on Advanced Visual Interfaces},\\narticleno = {91},\\nnumpages = {3},\\nkeywords = {visual feedback, intelligent user interfaces, 360 degree video, hypervideos},\\nlocation = {Frascati, Rome, Italy},\\nseries = {AVI 2022}\\n}\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Coccoli, M.\",\"Galluccio, I.\",\"Torre, I.\",\"Amenduni, F.\",\"Cattaneo, A.\",\"Clarke, C.\"],\"key\":\"10.1145/3531073.3535253\",\"id\":\"10.1145/3531073.3535253\",\"bibbaseid\":\"coccoli-galluccio-torre-amenduni-cattaneo-clarke-advancedvisualinterfacesforaugmentedvideo-2022\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{\"Paper\":\"https://doi.org/10.1145/3531073.3535253\"},\"keyword\":[\"visual feedback\",\"intelligent user interfaces\",\"360 degree video\",\"hypervideos\"],\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{\"clarke, c\":\"https://christopherclarke.net/research.html\"}},\"downloads\":2,\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"incollection\",\"type\":\"incollection\",\"title\":\"Reactive Video: Movement Sonification as Auditory Feedback for Supporting Physical Activity\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Cavdir\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Doga\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Clarke\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Christopher\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Chiu\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Patrick\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Denoue\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Laurent\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Kimber\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Don\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"booktitle\":\"New Interfaces for Musical Expression (NIME) 2021\",\"year\":\"2021\",\"bibtex\":\"@incollection{cavdir2021reactive,\\n  title={Reactive Video: Movement Sonification as Auditory Feedback for Supporting Physical Activity},\\n  author={Cavdir, Doga and Clarke, Christopher and Chiu, Patrick and Denoue, Laurent and Kimber, Don},\\n  booktitle={New Interfaces for Musical Expression (NIME) 2021},\\n  year={2021}\\n}\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Cavdir, D.\",\"Clarke, C.\",\"Chiu, P.\",\"Denoue, L.\",\"Kimber, D.\"],\"key\":\"cavdir2021reactive\",\"id\":\"cavdir2021reactive\",\"bibbaseid\":\"cavdir-clarke-chiu-denoue-kimber-reactivevideomovementsonificationasauditoryfeedbackforsupportingphysicalactivity-2021\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{},\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{\"clarke, c\":\"https://christopherclarke.net/research.html\"}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"inproceedings\",\"type\":\"inproceedings\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Röddiger\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Tobias\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Clarke\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Christopher\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Wolffram\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Daniel\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Budde\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Matthias\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Beigl\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Michael\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"title\":\"EarRumble: Discreet Hands- and Eyes-Free Input by Voluntary Tensor Tympani Muscle Contraction\",\"year\":\"2021\",\"isbn\":\"9781450380966\",\"publisher\":\"Association for Computing Machinery\",\"address\":\"New York, NY, USA\",\"url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1145/3411764.3445205\",\"doi\":\"10.1145/3411764.3445205\",\"abstract\":\"We explore how discreet input can be provided using the tensor tympani - a small muscle in the middle ear that some people can voluntarily contract to induce a dull rumbling sound. We investigate the prevalence and ability to control the muscle through an online questionnaire (N=192) in which 43.2% of respondents reported the ability to “ear rumble”. Data collected from participants (N=16) shows how in-ear barometry can be used to detect voluntary tensor tympani contraction in the sealed ear canal. This data was used to train a classifier based on three simple ear rumble “gestures” which achieved 95% accuracy. Finally, we evaluate the use of ear rumbling for interaction, grounded in three manual, dual-task application scenarios (N=8). This highlights the applicability of EarRumble as a low-effort and discreet eyes- and hands-free interaction technique that users found “magical” and “almost telepathic”. \",\"booktitle\":\"Proceedings of the 2021 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems\",\"articleno\":\"743\",\"numpages\":\"14\",\"keywords\":\"discreet interaction, in-ear barometry, hearables, earables, tensor tympani muscle, subtle gestures\",\"location\":\"Yokohama, Japan\",\"series\":\"CHI '21\",\"bibtex\":\"@inproceedings{10.1145/3411764.3445205,\\nauthor = {R\\\\\\\"{o}ddiger, Tobias and Clarke, Christopher and Wolffram, Daniel and Budde, Matthias and Beigl, Michael},\\ntitle = {EarRumble: Discreet Hands- and Eyes-Free Input by Voluntary Tensor Tympani Muscle Contraction},\\nyear = {2021},\\nisbn = {9781450380966},\\npublisher = {Association for Computing Machinery},\\naddress = {New York, NY, USA},\\nurl = {https://doi.org/10.1145/3411764.3445205},\\ndoi = {10.1145/3411764.3445205},\\nabstract = {We explore how discreet input can be provided using the tensor tympani - a small muscle\\nin the middle ear that some people can voluntarily contract to induce a dull rumbling\\nsound. We investigate the prevalence and ability to control the muscle through an\\nonline questionnaire (N=192) in which 43.2% of respondents reported the ability to\\n“ear rumble”. Data collected from participants (N=16) shows how in-ear barometry can\\nbe used to detect voluntary tensor tympani contraction in the sealed ear canal. This\\ndata was used to train a classifier based on three simple ear rumble “gestures” which\\nachieved 95% accuracy. Finally, we evaluate the use of ear rumbling for interaction,\\ngrounded in three manual, dual-task application scenarios (N=8). This highlights the\\napplicability of EarRumble as a low-effort and discreet eyes- and hands-free interaction\\ntechnique that users found “magical” and “almost telepathic”. },\\nbooktitle = {Proceedings of the 2021 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems},\\narticleno = {743},\\nnumpages = {14},\\nkeywords = {discreet interaction, in-ear barometry, hearables, earables, tensor tympani muscle, subtle gestures},\\nlocation = {Yokohama, Japan},\\nseries = {CHI '21}\\n}\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Röddiger, T.\",\"Clarke, C.\",\"Wolffram, D.\",\"Budde, M.\",\"Beigl, M.\"],\"key\":\"10.1145/3411764.3445205\",\"id\":\"10.1145/3411764.3445205\",\"bibbaseid\":\"rddiger-clarke-wolffram-budde-beigl-earrumblediscreethandsandeyesfreeinputbyvoluntarytensortympanimusclecontraction-2021\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{\"Paper\":\"https://doi.org/10.1145/3411764.3445205\"},\"keyword\":[\"discreet interaction\",\"in-ear barometry\",\"hearables\",\"earables\",\"tensor tympani muscle\",\"subtle gestures\"],\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{\"clarke, c\":\"https://christopherclarke.net/research.html\"}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"inproceedings\",\"type\":\"inproceedings\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Ramirez\",\"Gomez\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Argenis\",\"Ramirez\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Clarke\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Christopher\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Sidenmark\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Ludwig\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Gellersen\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Hans\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"title\":\"Gaze+Hold: Eyes-Only Direct Manipulation with Continuous Gaze Modulated by Closure of One Eye\",\"year\":\"2021\",\"isbn\":\"9781450383448\",\"publisher\":\"Association for Computing Machinery\",\"address\":\"New York, NY, USA\",\"url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1145/3448017.3457381\",\"doi\":\"10.1145/3448017.3457381\",\"abstract\":\"The eyes are coupled in their gaze function and therefore usually treated as a single input channel, limiting the range of interactions. However, people are able to open and close one eye while still gazing with the other. We introduce Gaze+Hold as an eyes-only technique that builds on this ability to leverage the eyes as separate input channels, with one eye modulating the state of interaction while the other provides continuous input. Gaze+Hold enables direct manipulation beyond pointing which we explore through the design of Gaze+Hold techniques for a range of user interface tasks. In a user study, we evaluated performance, usability and user’s spontaneous choice of eye for modulation of input. The results show that users are effective with Gaze+Hold. The choice of dominant versus non-dominant eye had no effect on performance, perceived usability and workload. This is significant for the utility of Gaze+Hold as it affords flexibility for mapping of either eye in different configurations.\",\"booktitle\":\"ACM Symposium on Eye Tracking Research and Applications\",\"articleno\":\"10\",\"numpages\":\"12\",\"keywords\":\"Winks, Eye Tracking, Design, Gaze Pointing, Direct Manipulation, Closing eyelids, Gaze Interaction\",\"location\":\"Virtual Event, Germany\",\"series\":\"ETRA '21 Full Papers\",\"bibtex\":\"@inproceedings{10.1145/3448017.3457381,\\nauthor = {Ramirez Gomez, Argenis Ramirez and Clarke, Christopher and Sidenmark, Ludwig and Gellersen, Hans},\\ntitle = {Gaze+Hold: Eyes-Only Direct Manipulation with Continuous Gaze Modulated by Closure of One Eye},\\nyear = {2021},\\nisbn = {9781450383448},\\npublisher = {Association for Computing Machinery},\\naddress = {New York, NY, USA},\\nurl = {https://doi.org/10.1145/3448017.3457381},\\ndoi = {10.1145/3448017.3457381},\\nabstract = { The eyes are coupled in their gaze function and therefore usually treated as a single\\ninput channel, limiting the range of interactions. However, people are able to open\\nand close one eye while still gazing with the other. We introduce Gaze+Hold as an\\neyes-only technique that builds on this ability to leverage the eyes as separate input\\nchannels, with one eye modulating the state of interaction while the other provides\\ncontinuous input. Gaze+Hold enables direct manipulation beyond pointing which we explore\\nthrough the design of Gaze+Hold techniques for a range of user interface tasks. In\\na user study, we evaluated performance, usability and user’s spontaneous choice of\\neye for modulation of input. The results show that users are effective with Gaze+Hold.\\nThe choice of dominant versus non-dominant eye had no effect on performance, perceived\\nusability and workload. This is significant for the utility of Gaze+Hold as it affords\\nflexibility for mapping of either eye in different configurations.},\\nbooktitle = {ACM Symposium on Eye Tracking Research and Applications},\\narticleno = {10},\\nnumpages = {12},\\nkeywords = {Winks, Eye Tracking, Design, Gaze Pointing, Direct Manipulation, Closing eyelids, Gaze Interaction},\\nlocation = {Virtual Event, Germany},\\nseries = {ETRA '21 Full Papers}\\n}\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Ramirez Gomez, A. R.\",\"Clarke, C.\",\"Sidenmark, L.\",\"Gellersen, H.\"],\"key\":\"10.1145/3448017.3457381\",\"id\":\"10.1145/3448017.3457381\",\"bibbaseid\":\"ramirezgomez-clarke-sidenmark-gellersen-gazeholdeyesonlydirectmanipulationwithcontinuousgazemodulatedbyclosureofoneeye-2021\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{\"Paper\":\"https://doi.org/10.1145/3448017.3457381\"},\"keyword\":[\"Winks\",\"Eye Tracking\",\"Design\",\"Gaze Pointing\",\"Direct Manipulation\",\"Closing eyelids\",\"Gaze Interaction\"],\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{\"clarke, c\":\"https://christopherclarke.net/research.html\"}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"inproceedings\",\"type\":\"inproceedings\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Clarke\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Christopher\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Cavdir\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Doga\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Chiu\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Patrick\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Denoue\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Laurent\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Kimber\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Don\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"title\":\"Reactive Video: Adaptive Video Playback Based on User Motion for Supporting Physical Activity\",\"year\":\"2020\",\"isbn\":\"9781450375146\",\"publisher\":\"Association for Computing Machinery\",\"address\":\"New York, NY, USA\",\"url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1145/3379337.3415591\",\"doi\":\"10.1145/3379337.3415591\",\"abstract\":\"Videos are a convenient platform to begin, maintain, or improve a fitness program or physical activity. Traditional video systems allow users to manipulate videos through specific user interface actions such as button clicks or mouse drags, but have no model of what the user is doing and are unable to adapt in useful ways. We present adaptive video playback, which seamlessly synchronises video playback with the user's movements, building upon the principle of direct manipulation video navigation. We implement adaptive video playback in Reactive Video, a vision-based system which supports users learning or practising a physical skill. The use of pre-existing videos removes the need to create bespoke content or specially authored videos, and the system can provide real-time guidance and feedback to better support users when learning new movements. Adaptive video playback using a discrete Bayes and particle filter are evaluated on a data set collected of participants performing tai chi and radio exercises. Results show that both approaches can accurately adapt to the user's movements, however reversing playback can be problematic.\",\"booktitle\":\"Proceedings of the 33rd Annual ACM Symposium on User Interface Software and Technology\",\"pages\":\"196–208\",\"numpages\":\"13\",\"keywords\":\"physical activity, direct manipulation, full body, probabilistic\",\"location\":\"Virtual Event, USA\",\"series\":\"UIST '20\",\"url_link\":\"https://eprints.lancs.ac.uk/id/eprint/147601/1/ReactiveVideo_UIST2020_PrePrint.pdf\",\"bibtex\":\"@inproceedings{10.1145/3379337.3415591,\\nauthor = {Clarke, Christopher and Cavdir, Doga and Chiu, Patrick and Denoue, Laurent and Kimber, Don},\\ntitle = {Reactive Video: Adaptive Video Playback Based on User Motion for Supporting Physical Activity},\\nyear = {2020},\\nisbn = {9781450375146},\\npublisher = {Association for Computing Machinery},\\naddress = {New York, NY, USA},\\nurl = {https://doi.org/10.1145/3379337.3415591},\\ndoi = {10.1145/3379337.3415591},\\nabstract = {Videos are a convenient platform to begin, maintain, or improve a fitness program\\nor physical activity. Traditional video systems allow users to manipulate videos through\\nspecific user interface actions such as button clicks or mouse drags, but have no\\nmodel of what the user is doing and are unable to adapt in useful ways. We present\\nadaptive video playback, which seamlessly synchronises video playback with the user's\\nmovements, building upon the principle of direct manipulation video navigation. We\\nimplement adaptive video playback in Reactive Video, a vision-based system which supports\\nusers learning or practising a physical skill. The use of pre-existing videos removes\\nthe need to create bespoke content or specially authored videos, and the system can\\nprovide real-time guidance and feedback to better support users when learning new\\nmovements. Adaptive video playback using a discrete Bayes and particle filter are\\nevaluated on a data set collected of participants performing tai chi and radio exercises.\\nResults show that both approaches can accurately adapt to the user's movements, however\\nreversing playback can be problematic.},\\nbooktitle = {Proceedings of the 33rd Annual ACM Symposium on User Interface Software and Technology},\\npages = {196–208},\\nnumpages = {13},\\nkeywords = {physical activity, direct manipulation, full body, probabilistic},\\nlocation = {Virtual Event, USA},\\nseries = {UIST '20},\\nurl_Link = {https://eprints.lancs.ac.uk/id/eprint/147601/1/ReactiveVideo_UIST2020_PrePrint.pdf}\\n}\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Clarke, C.\",\"Cavdir, D.\",\"Chiu, P.\",\"Denoue, L.\",\"Kimber, D.\"],\"key\":\"10.1145/3379337.3415591\",\"id\":\"10.1145/3379337.3415591\",\"bibbaseid\":\"clarke-cavdir-chiu-denoue-kimber-reactivevideoadaptivevideoplaybackbasedonusermotionforsupportingphysicalactivity-2020\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{\"Paper\":\"https://doi.org/10.1145/3379337.3415591\",\" link\":\"https://eprints.lancs.ac.uk/id/eprint/147601/1/ReactiveVideo_UIST2020_PrePrint.pdf\"},\"keyword\":[\"physical activity\",\"direct manipulation\",\"full body\",\"probabilistic\"],\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{\"clarke, c\":\"https://christopherclarke.net/research.html\"}},\"downloads\":3,\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"inproceedings\",\"type\":\"inproceedings\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Clarke\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Christopher\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Ehrich\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Peter\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Gellersen\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Hans\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"title\":\"Motion Coupling of Earable Devices in Camera View\",\"year\":\"2020\",\"isbn\":\"9781450388702\",\"publisher\":\"Association for Computing Machinery\",\"address\":\"New York, NY, USA\",\"url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1145/3428361.3428470\",\"doi\":\"10.1145/3428361.3428470\",\"abstract\":\"Earables, earphones augmented with inertial sensors and real-time data accessibility, provide the opportunity for private audio channels in public settings. One of the main challenges of achieving this goal is to correctly associate which device belongs to which user without prior information. In this paper, we explore how motion of an earable, as measured by the on-board accelerometer, can be correlated against detected faces from a webcam to accurately match which user is wearing the device. We conduct a data collection and explore which type of user movement can be accurately detected using this approach, and investigate how varying the speed of the movement affects detection rates. Our results show that the approach achieves greater detection results for faster movements, and that it can differentiate the same movement across different participants with a detection rate of 86%, increasing to 92% when differentiating a movement against others.\",\"booktitle\":\"19th International Conference on Mobile and Ubiquitous Multimedia\",\"pages\":\"13–17\",\"numpages\":\"5\",\"keywords\":\"Spontaneous device association, earable, motion coupling.\",\"location\":\"Essen, Germany\",\"series\":\"MUM 2020\",\"bibtex\":\"@inproceedings{10.1145/3428361.3428470,\\nauthor = {Clarke, Christopher and Ehrich, Peter and Gellersen, Hans},\\ntitle = {Motion Coupling of Earable Devices in Camera View},\\nyear = {2020},\\nisbn = {9781450388702},\\npublisher = {Association for Computing Machinery},\\naddress = {New York, NY, USA},\\nurl = {https://doi.org/10.1145/3428361.3428470},\\ndoi = {10.1145/3428361.3428470},\\nabstract = { Earables, earphones augmented with inertial sensors and real-time data accessibility,\\nprovide the opportunity for private audio channels in public settings. One of the\\nmain challenges of achieving this goal is to correctly associate which device belongs\\nto which user without prior information. In this paper, we explore how motion of an\\nearable, as measured by the on-board accelerometer, can be correlated against detected\\nfaces from a webcam to accurately match which user is wearing the device. We conduct\\na data collection and explore which type of user movement can be accurately detected\\nusing this approach, and investigate how varying the speed of the movement affects\\ndetection rates. Our results show that the approach achieves greater detection results\\nfor faster movements, and that it can differentiate the same movement across different\\nparticipants with a detection rate of 86%, increasing to 92% when differentiating\\na movement against others.},\\nbooktitle = {19th International Conference on Mobile and Ubiquitous Multimedia},\\npages = {13–17},\\nnumpages = {5},\\nkeywords = {Spontaneous device association, earable, motion coupling.},\\nlocation = {Essen, Germany},\\nseries = {MUM 2020}\\n}\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Clarke, C.\",\"Ehrich, P.\",\"Gellersen, H.\"],\"key\":\"10.1145/3428361.3428470\",\"id\":\"10.1145/3428361.3428470\",\"bibbaseid\":\"clarke-ehrich-gellersen-motioncouplingofearabledevicesincameraview-2020\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{\"Paper\":\"https://doi.org/10.1145/3428361.3428470\"},\"keyword\":[\"Spontaneous device association\",\"earable\",\"motion coupling.\"],\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{\"clarke, c\":\"https://christopherclarke.net/research.html\"}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"inproceedings\",\"type\":\"inproceedings\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Sidenmark\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Ludwig\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Mardanbegi\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Diako\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Gomez\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Argenis\",\"Ramirez\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Clarke\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Christopher\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Gellersen\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Hans\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"title\":\"BimodalGaze: Seamlessly Refined Pointing with Gaze and Filtered Gestural Head Movement\",\"year\":\"2020\",\"isbn\":\"9781450371339\",\"publisher\":\"Association for Computing Machinery\",\"address\":\"New York, NY, USA\",\"url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1145/3379155.3391312\",\"doi\":\"10.1145/3379155.3391312\",\"abstract\":\"Eye gaze is a fast and ergonomic modality for pointing but limited in precision and accuracy. In this work, we introduce BimodalGaze, a novel technique for seamless head-based refinement of a gaze cursor. The technique leverages eye-head coordination insights to separate natural from gestural head movement. This allows users to quickly shift their gaze to targets over larger fields of view with naturally combined eye-head movement, and to refine the cursor position with gestural head movement. In contrast to an existing baseline, head refinement is invoked automatically, and only if a target is not already acquired by the initial gaze shift. Study results show that users reliably achieve fine-grained target selection, but we observed a higher rate of initial selection errors affecting overall performance. An in-depth analysis of user performance provides insight into the classification of natural versus gestural head movement, for improvement of BimodalGaze and other potential applications. \",\"booktitle\":\"ACM Symposium on Eye Tracking Research and Applications\",\"articleno\":\"8\",\"numpages\":\"9\",\"keywords\":\"Gaze interaction, Eye tracking, Refinement, Virtual reality, Eye-head coordination\",\"location\":\"Stuttgart, Germany\",\"series\":\"ETRA '20 Full Papers\",\"bibtex\":\"@inproceedings{10.1145/3379155.3391312,\\nauthor = {Sidenmark, Ludwig and Mardanbegi, Diako and Gomez, Argenis Ramirez and Clarke, Christopher and Gellersen, Hans},\\ntitle = {BimodalGaze: Seamlessly Refined Pointing with Gaze and Filtered Gestural Head Movement},\\nyear = {2020},\\nisbn = {9781450371339},\\npublisher = {Association for Computing Machinery},\\naddress = {New York, NY, USA},\\nurl = {https://doi.org/10.1145/3379155.3391312},\\ndoi = {10.1145/3379155.3391312},\\nabstract = {Eye gaze is a fast and ergonomic modality for pointing but limited in precision and\\naccuracy. In this work, we introduce BimodalGaze, a novel technique for seamless head-based\\nrefinement of a gaze cursor. The technique leverages eye-head coordination insights\\nto separate natural from gestural head movement. This allows users to quickly shift\\ntheir gaze to targets over larger fields of view with naturally combined eye-head\\nmovement, and to refine the cursor position with gestural head movement. In contrast\\nto an existing baseline, head refinement is invoked automatically, and only if a target\\nis not already acquired by the initial gaze shift. Study results show that users reliably\\nachieve fine-grained target selection, but we observed a higher rate of initial selection\\nerrors affecting overall performance. An in-depth analysis of user performance provides\\ninsight into the classification of natural versus gestural head movement, for improvement\\nof BimodalGaze and other potential applications. },\\nbooktitle = {ACM Symposium on Eye Tracking Research and Applications},\\narticleno = {8},\\nnumpages = {9},\\nkeywords = {Gaze interaction, Eye tracking, Refinement, Virtual reality, Eye-head coordination},\\nlocation = {Stuttgart, Germany},\\nseries = {ETRA '20 Full Papers}\\n}\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Sidenmark, L.\",\"Mardanbegi, D.\",\"Gomez, A. R.\",\"Clarke, C.\",\"Gellersen, H.\"],\"key\":\"10.1145/3379155.3391312\",\"id\":\"10.1145/3379155.3391312\",\"bibbaseid\":\"sidenmark-mardanbegi-gomez-clarke-gellersen-bimodalgazeseamlesslyrefinedpointingwithgazeandfilteredgesturalheadmovement-2020\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{\"Paper\":\"https://doi.org/10.1145/3379155.3391312\"},\"keyword\":[\"Gaze interaction\",\"Eye tracking\",\"Refinement\",\"Virtual reality\",\"Eye-head coordination\"],\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{\"clarke, c\":\"https://christopherclarke.net/research.html\"}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"inproceedings\",\"type\":\"inproceedings\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Sidenmark\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Ludwig\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Clarke\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Christopher\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Zhang\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Xuesong\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Phu\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Jenny\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Gellersen\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Hans\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"title\":\"Outline Pursuits: Gaze-Assisted Selection of Occluded Objects in Virtual Reality\",\"year\":\"2020\",\"isbn\":\"9781450367080\",\"publisher\":\"Association for Computing Machinery\",\"address\":\"New York, NY, USA\",\"url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1145/3313831.3376438\",\"doi\":\"10.1145/3313831.3376438\",\"abstract\":\"In 3D environments, objects can be difficult to select when they overlap, as this affects available target area and increases selection ambiguity. We introduce Outline Pursuits which extends a primary pointing modality for gaze-assisted selection of occluded objects. Candidate targets within a pointing cone are presented with an outline that is traversed by a moving stimulus. This affords completion of the selection by gaze attention to the intended target's outline motion, detected by matching the user's smooth pursuit eye movement. We demonstrate two techniques implemented based on the concept, one with a controller as the primary pointer, and one in which Outline Pursuits are combined with head pointing for hands-free selection. Compared with conventional raycasting, the techniques require less movement for selection as users do not need to reposition themselves for a better line of sight, and selection time and accuracy are less affected when targets become highly occluded.\",\"booktitle\":\"Proceedings of the 2020 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems\",\"pages\":\"1–13\",\"numpages\":\"13\",\"keywords\":\"eye tracking, occlusion, smooth pursuits, virtual reality\",\"location\":\"Honolulu, HI, USA\",\"series\":\"CHI '20\",\"bibtex\":\"@inproceedings{10.1145/3313831.3376438,\\nauthor = {Sidenmark, Ludwig and Clarke, Christopher and Zhang, Xuesong and Phu, Jenny and Gellersen, Hans},\\ntitle = {Outline Pursuits: Gaze-Assisted Selection of Occluded Objects in Virtual Reality},\\nyear = {2020},\\nisbn = {9781450367080},\\npublisher = {Association for Computing Machinery},\\naddress = {New York, NY, USA},\\nurl = {https://doi.org/10.1145/3313831.3376438},\\ndoi = {10.1145/3313831.3376438},\\nabstract = {In 3D environments, objects can be difficult to select when they overlap, as this\\naffects available target area and increases selection ambiguity. We introduce Outline\\nPursuits which extends a primary pointing modality for gaze-assisted selection of\\noccluded objects. Candidate targets within a pointing cone are presented with an outline\\nthat is traversed by a moving stimulus. This affords completion of the selection by\\ngaze attention to the intended target's outline motion, detected by matching the user's\\nsmooth pursuit eye movement. We demonstrate two techniques implemented based on the\\nconcept, one with a controller as the primary pointer, and one in which Outline Pursuits\\nare combined with head pointing for hands-free selection. Compared with conventional\\nraycasting, the techniques require less movement for selection as users do not need\\nto reposition themselves for a better line of sight, and selection time and accuracy\\nare less affected when targets become highly occluded.},\\nbooktitle = {Proceedings of the 2020 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems},\\npages = {1–13},\\nnumpages = {13},\\nkeywords = {eye tracking, occlusion, smooth pursuits, virtual reality},\\nlocation = {Honolulu, HI, USA},\\nseries = {CHI '20}\\n}\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Sidenmark, L.\",\"Clarke, C.\",\"Zhang, X.\",\"Phu, J.\",\"Gellersen, H.\"],\"key\":\"10.1145/3313831.3376438\",\"id\":\"10.1145/3313831.3376438\",\"bibbaseid\":\"sidenmark-clarke-zhang-phu-gellersen-outlinepursuitsgazeassistedselectionofoccludedobjectsinvirtualreality-2020\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{\"Paper\":\"https://doi.org/10.1145/3313831.3376438\"},\"keyword\":[\"eye tracking\",\"occlusion\",\"smooth pursuits\",\"virtual reality\"],\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{\"clarke, c\":\"https://christopherclarke.net/research.html\"}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"book\",\"type\":\"book\",\"title\":\"Dynamic motion coupling of body movement for input control\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Clarke\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Christopher\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"year\":\"2020\",\"publisher\":\"Lancaster University (United Kingdom)\",\"bibtex\":\"@book{clarke2020dynamic,\\n  title={Dynamic motion coupling of body movement for input control},\\n  author={Clarke, Christopher},\\n  year={2020},\\n  publisher={Lancaster University (United Kingdom)}\\n}\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Clarke, C.\"],\"key\":\"clarke2020dynamic\",\"id\":\"clarke2020dynamic\",\"bibbaseid\":\"clarke-dynamicmotioncouplingofbodymovementforinputcontrol-2020\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{},\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{\"clarke, c\":\"https://christopherclarke.net/research.html\"}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"inproceedings\",\"type\":\"inproceedings\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Mardanbegi\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Diako\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Clarke\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Christopher\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Gellersen\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Hans\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"title\":\"Monocular Gaze Depth Estimation Using the Vestibulo-Ocular Reflex\",\"year\":\"2019\",\"isbn\":\"9781450367097\",\"publisher\":\"Association for Computing Machinery\",\"address\":\"New York, NY, USA\",\"url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1145/3314111.3319822\",\"doi\":\"10.1145/3314111.3319822\",\"abstract\":\"Gaze depth estimation presents a challenge for eye tracking in 3D. This work investigates a novel approach to the problem based on eye movement mediated by the vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR). VOR stabilises gaze on a target during head movement, with eye movement in the opposite direction, and the VOR gain increases the closer the fixated target is to the viewer. We present a theoretical analysis of the relationship between VOR gain and depth which we investigate with empirical data collected in a user study (N=10). We show that VOR gain can be captured using pupil centres, and propose and evaluate a practical method for gaze depth estimation based on a generic function of VOR gain and two-point depth calibration. The results show that VOR gain is comparable with vergence in capturing depth while only requiring one eye, and provide insight into open challenges in harnessing VOR gain as a robust measure.\",\"booktitle\":\"Proceedings of the 11th ACM Symposium on Eye Tracking Research &amp; Applications\",\"articleno\":\"20\",\"numpages\":\"9\",\"keywords\":\"eye movement, eye tracking, 3D gaze estimation, fixation depth, VOR, gaze depth estimation\",\"location\":\"Denver, Colorado\",\"series\":\"ETRA '19\",\"bibtex\":\"@inproceedings{10.1145/3314111.3319822,\\nauthor = {Mardanbegi, Diako and Clarke, Christopher and Gellersen, Hans},\\ntitle = {Monocular Gaze Depth Estimation Using the Vestibulo-Ocular Reflex},\\nyear = {2019},\\nisbn = {9781450367097},\\npublisher = {Association for Computing Machinery},\\naddress = {New York, NY, USA},\\nurl = {https://doi.org/10.1145/3314111.3319822},\\ndoi = {10.1145/3314111.3319822},\\nabstract = {Gaze depth estimation presents a challenge for eye tracking in 3D. This work investigates\\na novel approach to the problem based on eye movement mediated by the vestibulo-ocular\\nreflex (VOR). VOR stabilises gaze on a target during head movement, with eye movement\\nin the opposite direction, and the VOR gain increases the closer the fixated target\\nis to the viewer. We present a theoretical analysis of the relationship between VOR\\ngain and depth which we investigate with empirical data collected in a user study\\n(N=10). We show that VOR gain can be captured using pupil centres, and propose and\\nevaluate a practical method for gaze depth estimation based on a generic function\\nof VOR gain and two-point depth calibration. The results show that VOR gain is comparable\\nwith vergence in capturing depth while only requiring one eye, and provide insight\\ninto open challenges in harnessing VOR gain as a robust measure.},\\nbooktitle = {Proceedings of the 11th ACM Symposium on Eye Tracking Research &amp; Applications},\\narticleno = {20},\\nnumpages = {9},\\nkeywords = {eye movement, eye tracking, 3D gaze estimation, fixation depth, VOR, gaze depth estimation},\\nlocation = {Denver, Colorado},\\nseries = {ETRA '19}\\n}\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Mardanbegi, D.\",\"Clarke, C.\",\"Gellersen, H.\"],\"key\":\"10.1145/3314111.3319822\",\"id\":\"10.1145/3314111.3319822\",\"bibbaseid\":\"mardanbegi-clarke-gellersen-monoculargazedepthestimationusingthevestibuloocularreflex-2019\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{\"Paper\":\"https://doi.org/10.1145/3314111.3319822\"},\"keyword\":[\"eye movement\",\"eye tracking\",\"3D gaze estimation\",\"fixation depth\",\"VOR\",\"gaze depth estimation\"],\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{\"clarke, c\":\"https://christopherclarke.net/research.html\"}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"inproceedings\",\"type\":\"inproceedings\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Clarke\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Christopher\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Gellersen\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Hans\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"title\":\"MatchPoint: Spontaneous Spatial Coupling of Body Movement for Touchless Pointing\",\"year\":\"2017\",\"isbn\":\"9781450349819\",\"publisher\":\"Association for Computing Machinery\",\"address\":\"New York, NY, USA\",\"url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1145/3126594.3126626\",\"doi\":\"10.1145/3126594.3126626\",\"abstract\":\"Pointing is a fundamental interaction technique where user movement is translated to spatial input on a display. Conventionally, this is based on a rigid configuration of a display coupled with a pointing device that determines the types of movement that can be sensed, and the specific ways users can affect pointer input. Spontaneous spatial coupling is a novel input technique that instead allows any body movement, or movement of tangible objects, to be appropriated for touchless pointing on an ad hoc basis. Pointer acquisition is facilitated by the display presenting graphical objects in motion, to which users can synchronise to define a temporary spatial coupling with the body part or tangible object they used in the process. The technique can be deployed using minimal hardware, as demonstrated by MatchPoint, a generic computer vision-based implementation of the technique that requires only a webcam. We explore the design space of spontaneous spatial coupling, demonstrate the versatility of the technique with application examples, and evaluate MatchPoint performance using a multi-directional pointing task.\",\"booktitle\":\"Proceedings of the 30th Annual ACM Symposium on User Interface Software and Technology\",\"pages\":\"179–192\",\"numpages\":\"14\",\"keywords\":\"vison-based interfaces, computer vision, gesture input, pointing, input techniques, touchless input, user input, bodily interaction, motion-matching\",\"location\":\"Québec City, QC, Canada\",\"series\":\"UIST '17\",\"bibtex\":\"@inproceedings{10.1145/3126594.3126626,\\nauthor = {Clarke, Christopher and Gellersen, Hans},\\ntitle = {MatchPoint: Spontaneous Spatial Coupling of Body Movement for Touchless Pointing},\\nyear = {2017},\\nisbn = {9781450349819},\\npublisher = {Association for Computing Machinery},\\naddress = {New York, NY, USA},\\nurl = {https://doi.org/10.1145/3126594.3126626},\\ndoi = {10.1145/3126594.3126626},\\nabstract = {Pointing is a fundamental interaction technique where user movement is translated\\nto spatial input on a display. Conventionally, this is based on a rigid configuration\\nof a display coupled with a pointing device that determines the types of movement\\nthat can be sensed, and the specific ways users can affect pointer input. Spontaneous\\nspatial coupling is a novel input technique that instead allows any body movement,\\nor movement of tangible objects, to be appropriated for touchless pointing on an ad\\nhoc basis. Pointer acquisition is facilitated by the display presenting graphical\\nobjects in motion, to which users can synchronise to define a temporary spatial coupling\\nwith the body part or tangible object they used in the process. The technique can\\nbe deployed using minimal hardware, as demonstrated by MatchPoint, a generic computer\\nvision-based implementation of the technique that requires only a webcam. We explore\\nthe design space of spontaneous spatial coupling, demonstrate the versatility of the\\ntechnique with application examples, and evaluate MatchPoint performance using a multi-directional\\npointing task.},\\nbooktitle = {Proceedings of the 30th Annual ACM Symposium on User Interface Software and Technology},\\npages = {179–192},\\nnumpages = {14},\\nkeywords = {vison-based interfaces, computer vision, gesture input, pointing, input techniques, touchless input, user input, bodily interaction, motion-matching},\\nlocation = {Qu\\\\'{e}bec City, QC, Canada},\\nseries = {UIST '17}\\n}\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Clarke, C.\",\"Gellersen, H.\"],\"key\":\"10.1145/3126594.3126626\",\"id\":\"10.1145/3126594.3126626\",\"bibbaseid\":\"clarke-gellersen-matchpointspontaneousspatialcouplingofbodymovementfortouchlesspointing-2017\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{\"Paper\":\"https://doi.org/10.1145/3126594.3126626\"},\"keyword\":[\"vison-based interfaces\",\"computer vision\",\"gesture input\",\"pointing\",\"input techniques\",\"touchless input\",\"user input\",\"bodily interaction\",\"motion-matching\"],\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{\"clarke, c\":\"https://christopherclarke.net/research.html\"}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"article\",\"type\":\"article\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Clarke\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Christopher\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Bellino\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Alessio\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Esteves\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Augusto\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Gellersen\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Hans\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"title\":\"Remote Control by Body Movement in Synchrony with Orbiting Widgets: An Evaluation of TraceMatch\",\"year\":\"2017\",\"issue_date\":\"September 2017\",\"publisher\":\"Association for Computing Machinery\",\"address\":\"New York, NY, USA\",\"volume\":\"1\",\"number\":\"3\",\"url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1145/3130910\",\"doi\":\"10.1145/3130910\",\"abstract\":\"In this work we consider how users can use body movement for remote control with minimal effort and maximum flexibility. TraceMatch is a novel technique where the interface displays available controls as circular widgets with orbiting targets, and where users can trigger a control by mimicking the displayed motion. The technique uses computer vision to detect circular motion as a uniform type of input, but is highly appropriable as users can produce matching motion with any part of their body. We present three studies that investigate input performance with different parts of the body, user preferences, and spontaneous choice of movements for input in realistic application scenarios. The results show that users can provide effective input with their head, hands and while holding objects, that multiple controls can be effectively distinguished by the difference in presented phase and direction of movement, and that users choose and switch modes of input seamlessly.\",\"journal\":\"Proc. ACM Interact. Mob. Wearable Ubiquitous Technol.\",\"month\":\"September\",\"articleno\":\"45\",\"numpages\":\"22\",\"keywords\":\"Gesture input, Movement correlation, Motion matching, Computer vision, Input techniques, Remote control, User input, Motion correlation, Path mimicry, User evaluation, Vision-based interfaces\",\"bibtex\":\"@article{10.1145/3130910,\\nauthor = {Clarke, Christopher and Bellino, Alessio and Esteves, Augusto and Gellersen, Hans},\\ntitle = {Remote Control by Body Movement in Synchrony with Orbiting Widgets: An Evaluation of TraceMatch},\\nyear = {2017},\\nissue_date = {September 2017},\\npublisher = {Association for Computing Machinery},\\naddress = {New York, NY, USA},\\nvolume = {1},\\nnumber = {3},\\nurl = {https://doi.org/10.1145/3130910},\\ndoi = {10.1145/3130910},\\nabstract = {In this work we consider how users can use body movement for remote control with minimal\\neffort and maximum flexibility. TraceMatch is a novel technique where the interface\\ndisplays available controls as circular widgets with orbiting targets, and where users\\ncan trigger a control by mimicking the displayed motion. The technique uses computer\\nvision to detect circular motion as a uniform type of input, but is highly appropriable\\nas users can produce matching motion with any part of their body. We present three\\nstudies that investigate input performance with different parts of the body, user\\npreferences, and spontaneous choice of movements for input in realistic application\\nscenarios. The results show that users can provide effective input with their head,\\nhands and while holding objects, that multiple controls can be effectively distinguished\\nby the difference in presented phase and direction of movement, and that users choose\\nand switch modes of input seamlessly.},\\njournal = {Proc. ACM Interact. Mob. Wearable Ubiquitous Technol.},\\nmonth = sep,\\narticleno = {45},\\nnumpages = {22},\\nkeywords = {Gesture input, Movement correlation, Motion matching, Computer vision, Input techniques, Remote control, User input, Motion correlation, Path mimicry, User evaluation, Vision-based interfaces}\\n}\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Clarke, C.\",\"Bellino, A.\",\"Esteves, A.\",\"Gellersen, H.\"],\"key\":\"10.1145/3130910\",\"id\":\"10.1145/3130910\",\"bibbaseid\":\"clarke-bellino-esteves-gellersen-remotecontrolbybodymovementinsynchronywithorbitingwidgetsanevaluationoftracematch-2017\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{\"Paper\":\"https://doi.org/10.1145/3130910\"},\"keyword\":[\"Gesture input\",\"Movement correlation\",\"Motion matching\",\"Computer vision\",\"Input techniques\",\"Remote control\",\"User input\",\"Motion correlation\",\"Path mimicry\",\"User evaluation\",\"Vision-based interfaces\"],\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{\"clarke, c\":\"https://christopherclarke.net/research.html\"}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"article\",\"type\":\"article\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Velloso\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Eduardo\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Carter\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Marcus\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Newn\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Joshua\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Esteves\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Augusto\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Clarke\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Christopher\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Gellersen\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Hans\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"title\":\"Motion Correlation: Selecting Objects by Matching Their Movement\",\"year\":\"2017\",\"issue_date\":\"July 2017\",\"publisher\":\"Association for Computing Machinery\",\"address\":\"New York, NY, USA\",\"volume\":\"24\",\"number\":\"3\",\"issn\":\"1073-0516\",\"url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1145/3064937\",\"doi\":\"10.1145/3064937\",\"abstract\":\"Selection is a canonical task in user interfaces, commonly supported by presenting objects for acquisition by pointing. In this article, we consider motion correlation as an alternative for selection. The principle is to represent available objects by motion in the interface, have users identify a target by mimicking its specific motion, and use the correlation between the system’s output with the user’s input to determine the selection. The resulting interaction has compelling properties, as users are guided by motion feedback, and only need to copy a presented motion. Motion correlation has been explored in earlier work but only recently begun to feature in holistic interface designs. We provide a first comprehensive review of the principle, and present an analysis of five previously published works, in which motion correlation underpinned the design of novel gaze and gesture interfaces for diverse application contexts. We derive guidelines for motion correlation algorithms, motion feedback, choice of modalities, overall design of motion correlation interfaces, and identify opportunities and challenges identified for future research and design.\",\"journal\":\"ACM Trans. Comput.-Hum. Interact.\",\"month\":\"April\",\"articleno\":\"22\",\"numpages\":\"35\",\"keywords\":\"motion tracking, natural user interfaces, gesture interfaces, gaze interaction, Motion correlation, interaction techniques, eye tracking\",\"bibtex\":\"@article{10.1145/3064937,\\nauthor = {Velloso, Eduardo and Carter, Marcus and Newn, Joshua and Esteves, Augusto and Clarke, Christopher and Gellersen, Hans},\\ntitle = {Motion Correlation: Selecting Objects by Matching Their Movement},\\nyear = {2017},\\nissue_date = {July 2017},\\npublisher = {Association for Computing Machinery},\\naddress = {New York, NY, USA},\\nvolume = {24},\\nnumber = {3},\\nissn = {1073-0516},\\nurl = {https://doi.org/10.1145/3064937},\\ndoi = {10.1145/3064937},\\nabstract = {Selection is a canonical task in user interfaces, commonly supported by presenting\\nobjects for acquisition by pointing. In this article, we consider motion correlation\\nas an alternative for selection. The principle is to represent available objects by\\nmotion in the interface, have users identify a target by mimicking its specific motion,\\nand use the correlation between the system’s output with the user’s input to determine\\nthe selection. The resulting interaction has compelling properties, as users are guided\\nby motion feedback, and only need to copy a presented motion. Motion correlation has\\nbeen explored in earlier work but only recently begun to feature in holistic interface\\ndesigns. We provide a first comprehensive review of the principle, and present an\\nanalysis of five previously published works, in which motion correlation underpinned\\nthe design of novel gaze and gesture interfaces for diverse application contexts.\\nWe derive guidelines for motion correlation algorithms, motion feedback, choice of\\nmodalities, overall design of motion correlation interfaces, and identify opportunities\\nand challenges identified for future research and design.},\\njournal = {ACM Trans. Comput.-Hum. Interact.},\\nmonth = apr,\\narticleno = {22},\\nnumpages = {35},\\nkeywords = {motion tracking, natural user interfaces, gesture interfaces, gaze interaction, Motion correlation, interaction techniques, eye tracking}\\n}\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Velloso, E.\",\"Carter, M.\",\"Newn, J.\",\"Esteves, A.\",\"Clarke, C.\",\"Gellersen, H.\"],\"key\":\"10.1145/3064937\",\"id\":\"10.1145/3064937\",\"bibbaseid\":\"velloso-carter-newn-esteves-clarke-gellersen-motioncorrelationselectingobjectsbymatchingtheirmovement-2017\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{\"Paper\":\"https://doi.org/10.1145/3064937\"},\"keyword\":[\"motion tracking\",\"natural user interfaces\",\"gesture interfaces\",\"gaze interaction\",\"Motion correlation\",\"interaction techniques\",\"eye tracking\"],\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{\"clarke, c\":\"https://christopherclarke.net/research.html\"}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"article\",\"type\":\"article\",\"title\":\"AURORA: autonomous real-time on-board video analytics\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Angelov\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Plamen\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Sadeghi\",\"Tehran\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Pouria\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Clarke\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Christopher\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"journal\":\"Neural Computing and Applications\",\"volume\":\"28\",\"number\":\"5\",\"pages\":\"855–865\",\"year\":\"2017\",\"bibtex\":\"@article{angelov2017aurora,\\n  title={AURORA: autonomous real-time on-board video analytics},\\n  author={Angelov, Plamen and Sadeghi Tehran, Pouria and Clarke, Christopher},\\n  journal={Neural Computing and Applications},\\n  volume={28},\\n  number={5},\\n  pages={855--865},\\n  year={2017}\\n}\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Angelov, P.\",\"Sadeghi Tehran, P.\",\"Clarke, C.\"],\"key\":\"angelov2017aurora\",\"id\":\"angelov2017aurora\",\"bibbaseid\":\"angelov-sadeghitehran-clarke-auroraautonomousrealtimeonboardvideoanalytics-2017\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{},\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{\"clarke, c\":\"https://christopherclarke.net/research.html\"}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"inproceedings\",\"type\":\"inproceedings\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Clarke\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Christopher\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Bellino\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Alessio\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Esteves\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Augusto\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Velloso\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Eduardo\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Gellersen\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Hans\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"title\":\"TraceMatch: A Computer Vision Technique for User Input by Tracing of Animated Controls\",\"year\":\"2016\",\"isbn\":\"9781450344616\",\"publisher\":\"Association for Computing Machinery\",\"address\":\"New York, NY, USA\",\"url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1145/2971648.2971714\",\"doi\":\"10.1145/2971648.2971714\",\"abstract\":\"Recent works have explored the concept of movement correlation interfaces, in which moving objects can be selected by matching the movement of the input device to that of the desired object. Previous techniques relied on a single modality (e.g. gaze or mid-air gestures) and specific hardware to issue commands. TraceMatch is a computer vision technique that enables input by movement correlation while abstracting from any particular input modality. The technique relies only on a conventional webcam to enable users to produce matching gestures with any given body parts, even whilst holding objects. We describe an implementation of the technique for acquisition of orbiting targets, evaluate algorithm performance for different target sizes and frequencies, and demonstrate use of the technique for remote control of graphical as well as physical objects with different body parts.\",\"booktitle\":\"Proceedings of the 2016 ACM International Joint Conference on Pervasive and Ubiquitous Computing\",\"pages\":\"298–303\",\"numpages\":\"6\",\"keywords\":\"vision-based interfaces, path mimicry, remote control, input techniques, motion matching, computer vision, ubiquitous computing, gesture input, user input\",\"location\":\"Heidelberg, Germany\",\"series\":\"UbiComp '16\",\"bibtex\":\"@inproceedings{10.1145/2971648.2971714,\\nauthor = {Clarke, Christopher and Bellino, Alessio and Esteves, Augusto and Velloso, Eduardo and Gellersen, Hans},\\ntitle = {TraceMatch: A Computer Vision Technique for User Input by Tracing of Animated Controls},\\nyear = {2016},\\nisbn = {9781450344616},\\npublisher = {Association for Computing Machinery},\\naddress = {New York, NY, USA},\\nurl = {https://doi.org/10.1145/2971648.2971714},\\ndoi = {10.1145/2971648.2971714},\\nabstract = {Recent works have explored the concept of movement correlation interfaces, in which\\nmoving objects can be selected by matching the movement of the input device to that\\nof the desired object. Previous techniques relied on a single modality (e.g. gaze\\nor mid-air gestures) and specific hardware to issue commands. TraceMatch is a computer\\nvision technique that enables input by movement correlation while abstracting from\\nany particular input modality. The technique relies only on a conventional webcam\\nto enable users to produce matching gestures with any given body parts, even whilst\\nholding objects. We describe an implementation of the technique for acquisition of\\norbiting targets, evaluate algorithm performance for different target sizes and frequencies,\\nand demonstrate use of the technique for remote control of graphical as well as physical\\nobjects with different body parts.},\\nbooktitle = {Proceedings of the 2016 ACM International Joint Conference on Pervasive and Ubiquitous Computing},\\npages = {298–303},\\nnumpages = {6},\\nkeywords = {vision-based interfaces, path mimicry, remote control, input techniques, motion matching, computer vision, ubiquitous computing, gesture input, user input},\\nlocation = {Heidelberg, Germany},\\nseries = {UbiComp '16}\\n}\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Clarke, C.\",\"Bellino, A.\",\"Esteves, A.\",\"Velloso, E.\",\"Gellersen, H.\"],\"key\":\"10.1145/2971648.2971714\",\"id\":\"10.1145/2971648.2971714\",\"bibbaseid\":\"clarke-bellino-esteves-velloso-gellersen-tracematchacomputervisiontechniqueforuserinputbytracingofanimatedcontrols-2016\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{\"Paper\":\"https://doi.org/10.1145/2971648.2971714\"},\"keyword\":[\"vision-based interfaces\",\"path mimicry\",\"remote control\",\"input techniques\",\"motion matching\",\"computer vision\",\"ubiquitous computing\",\"gesture input\",\"user input\"],\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{\"clarke, c\":\"https://christopherclarke.net/research.html\"}},\"downloads\":1,\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"inproceedings\",\"type\":\"inproceedings\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Sas\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Corina\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Challioner\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Scott\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Clarke\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Christopher\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Wilson\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Ross\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Coman\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Alina\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Clinch\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Sarah\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Harding\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Mike\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Davies\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Nigel\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"title\":\"Self-Defining Memory Cues: Creative Expression and Emotional Meaning\",\"year\":\"2015\",\"isbn\":\"9781450331463\",\"publisher\":\"Association for Computing Machinery\",\"address\":\"New York, NY, USA\",\"url\":\"https://doi.org/10.1145/2702613.2732842\",\"doi\":\"10.1145/2702613.2732842\",\"abstract\":\"This paper explores how people generate cues for capturing personal meaningful daily events, which can be used for later recall. Such understanding can be explored to inform the design and development of personal informatics systems, aimed to support reflection and increased self-awareness. We describe a diary study with six participants and discuss initial findings showing the qualities of daily meaningful events, the value of different types of cues and their distinct contents for supporting episodic recall.\",\"booktitle\":\"Proceedings of the 33rd Annual ACM Conference Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems\",\"pages\":\"2013–2018\",\"numpages\":\"6\",\"keywords\":\"emotions, meaningful daily events, doodling, creativity, episodic memory recall, self-generated cues\",\"location\":\"Seoul, Republic of Korea\",\"series\":\"CHI EA '15\",\"bibtex\":\"@inproceedings{10.1145/2702613.2732842,\\nauthor = {Sas, Corina and Challioner, Scott and Clarke, Christopher and Wilson, Ross and Coman, Alina and Clinch, Sarah and Harding, Mike and Davies, Nigel},\\ntitle = {Self-Defining Memory Cues: Creative Expression and Emotional Meaning},\\nyear = {2015},\\nisbn = {9781450331463},\\npublisher = {Association for Computing Machinery},\\naddress = {New York, NY, USA},\\nurl = {https://doi.org/10.1145/2702613.2732842},\\ndoi = {10.1145/2702613.2732842},\\nabstract = {This paper explores how people generate cues for capturing personal meaningful daily\\nevents, which can be used for later recall. Such understanding can be explored to\\ninform the design and development of personal informatics systems, aimed to support\\nreflection and increased self-awareness. We describe a diary study with six participants\\nand discuss initial findings showing the qualities of daily meaningful events, the\\nvalue of different types of cues and their distinct contents for supporting episodic\\nrecall.},\\nbooktitle = {Proceedings of the 33rd Annual ACM Conference Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems},\\npages = {2013–2018},\\nnumpages = {6},\\nkeywords = {emotions, meaningful daily events, doodling, creativity, episodic memory recall, self-generated cues},\\nlocation = {Seoul, Republic of Korea},\\nseries = {CHI EA '15}\\n}\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Sas, C.\",\"Challioner, S.\",\"Clarke, C.\",\"Wilson, R.\",\"Coman, A.\",\"Clinch, S.\",\"Harding, M.\",\"Davies, N.\"],\"key\":\"10.1145/2702613.2732842\",\"id\":\"10.1145/2702613.2732842\",\"bibbaseid\":\"sas-challioner-clarke-wilson-coman-clinch-harding-davies-selfdefiningmemorycuescreativeexpressionandemotionalmeaning-2015\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{\"Paper\":\"https://doi.org/10.1145/2702613.2732842\"},\"keyword\":[\"emotions\",\"meaningful daily events\",\"doodling\",\"creativity\",\"episodic memory recall\",\"self-generated cues\"],\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{\"clarke, c\":\"https://christopherclarke.net/research.html\"}},\"downloads\":0,\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"inproceedings\",\"type\":\"inproceedings\",\"title\":\"A real-time approach for autonomous detection and tracking of moving objects from UAV\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Sadeghi-Tehran\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Pouria\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Clarke\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Christopher\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Angelov\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Plamen\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"booktitle\":\"2014 IEEE Symposium on Evolving and Autonomous Learning Systems (EALS)\",\"pages\":\"43–49\",\"year\":\"2014\",\"organization\":\"IEEE\",\"bibtex\":\"@inproceedings{sadeghi2014real,\\n  title={A real-time approach for autonomous detection and tracking of moving objects from UAV},\\n  author={Sadeghi-Tehran, Pouria and Clarke, Christopher and Angelov, Plamen},\\n  booktitle={2014 IEEE Symposium on Evolving and Autonomous Learning Systems (EALS)},\\n  pages={43--49},\\n  year={2014},\\n  organization={IEEE}\\n}\\n\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Sadeghi-Tehran, P.\",\"Clarke, C.\",\"Angelov, P.\"],\"key\":\"sadeghi2014real\",\"id\":\"sadeghi2014real\",\"bibbaseid\":\"sadeghitehran-clarke-angelov-arealtimeapproachforautonomousdetectionandtrackingofmovingobjectsfromuav-2014\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{},\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{\"clarke, c\":\"https://christopherclarke.net/research.html\"}},\"html\":\"\"},{\"bibtype\":\"article\",\"type\":\"article\",\"title\":\"Sariva: Smartphone app for real-time intelligent video analytics\",\"author\":[{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Clarke\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Christopher\"],\"suffixes\":[]},{\"propositions\":[],\"lastnames\":[\"Angelov\"],\"firstnames\":[\"Plamen\"],\"suffixes\":[]}],\"journal\":\"Journal of Automation, Mobile Robotics and Intelligent Systems\",\"pages\":\"15–19\",\"year\":\"2014\",\"bibtex\":\"@article{clarke2014sariva,\\n  title={Sariva: Smartphone app for real-time intelligent video analytics},\\n  author={Clarke, Christopher and Angelov, Plamen},\\n  journal={Journal of Automation, Mobile Robotics and Intelligent Systems},\\n  pages={15--19},\\n  year={2014}\\n}\\n\",\"author_short\":[\"Clarke, C.\",\"Angelov, P.\"],\"key\":\"clarke2014sariva\",\"id\":\"clarke2014sariva\",\"bibbaseid\":\"clarke-angelov-sarivasmartphoneappforrealtimeintelligentvideoanalytics-2014\",\"role\":\"author\",\"urls\":{},\"metadata\":{\"authorlinks\":{\"clarke, c\":\"https://christopherclarke.net/research.html\"}},\"html\":\"\"}],\n      metadata: {\"owner\":\"clarke, c\",\"authorlinks\":{\"clarke, c\":\"https://christopherclarke.net/research.html\"}},\n      ownerID: \"2WxhBxiHKDJikYu4s\"\n    };\n  </script>\n\n  <script type=\"text/javascript\">\n  var site$;\n  if (typeof $ != 'undefined') {\n    console.log('existing jquery: storing and then restoring');\n    site$ = $;\n    $ = null;\n  }\n  </script>\n\n  <script src=\"https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/2.2.4/jquery.min.js\">\n  </script>\n  <script type=\"text/javascript\">\n  if (site$) {\n    console.log('existing jquery: avoiding 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  author={Sims, Robert and Chang, Barry and Bennett, Verity and Krishnan, Advaith and Aboubakar, Abdalslam and Coman, George and Bahrami, Abdulrazak and Huang, Zehao and Clarke, Christopher and Karnik, Abhijit},
  booktitle={2022 8th International Conference of the Immersive Learning Research Network (iLRN)},
  title={Step Into My Mind Palace: Exploration of a Collaborative Paragogy Tool in VR},
  year={2022},
  volume={},
  number={},
  pages={1-8},
  doi={10.23919/iLRN55037.2022.9815936}}




@inproceedings{10.1145/3544793.3563415,
title = {OpenEarable: Open Hardware Earable Sensing Platform},
author = {Röddiger, Tobias and King, Tobias and Roodt, Dylan Ray and Clarke, Christopher and Beigl, Michael},
year = 2022,
booktitle = {Proceedings of the 1st International Workshop on Earable Computing},
location = {Cambridge, United Kingdom},
publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery},
address = {New York, NY, USA},
series = {EarComp’22},
pages = {29–34},
doi = {10.1145/3544793.3563415},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1145/3544793.3563415},
numpages = 6,
keywords = {In-Ear Headphones, IMU, Monitoring}
}




@article{10.1145/3550314,
author = {R\"{o}ddiger, Tobias and Clarke, Christopher and Breitling, Paula and Schneegans, Tim and Zhao, Haibin and Gellersen, Hans and Beigl, Michael},
title = {Sensing with Earables: A Systematic Literature Review and Taxonomy of Phenomena},
year = {2022},
issue_date = {September 2022},
publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery},
address = {New York, NY, USA},
volume = {6},
number = {3},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1145/3550314},
doi = {10.1145/3550314},
abstract = {Earables have emerged as a unique platform for ubiquitous computing by augmenting ear-worn devices with state-of-the-art sensing. This new platform has spurred a wealth of new research exploring what can be detected on a wearable, small form factor. As a sensing platform, the ears are less susceptible to motion artifacts and are located in close proximity to a number of important anatomical structures including the brain, blood vessels, and facial muscles which reveal a wealth of information. They can be easily reached by the hands and the ear canal itself is affected by mouth, face, and head movements. We have conducted a systematic literature review of 271 earable publications from the ACM and IEEE libraries. These were synthesized into an open-ended taxonomy of 47 different phenomena that can be sensed in, on, or around the ear. Through analysis, we identify 13 fundamental phenomena from which all other phenomena can be derived, and discuss the different sensors and sensing principles used to detect them. We comprehensively review the phenomena in four main areas of (i) physiological monitoring and health, (ii) movement and activity, (iii) interaction, and (iv) authentication and identification. This breadth highlights the potential that earables have to offer as a ubiquitous, general-purpose platform.},
journal = {Proc. ACM Interact. Mob. Wearable Ubiquitous Technol.},
month = {sep},
articleno = {135},
numpages = {57},
keywords = {earables, ear wearable, ear-mounted, headphones, earbuds, ear-attached, ear-worn, hearables, earpiece, earphones, ear-based}
}



@inproceedings{10.1145/3531073.3535253,
author = {Coccoli, Mauro and Galluccio, Ilenia and Torre, Ilaria and Amenduni, Francesca and Cattaneo, Alberto and Clarke, Christopher},
title = {Advanced Visual Interfaces for Augmented Video},
year = {2022},
isbn = {9781450397193},
publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery},
address = {New York, NY, USA},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1145/3531073.3535253},
doi = {10.1145/3531073.3535253},
abstract = {The growing use of online videos across a wide range of applications, including education and training, demands new approaches to enhance their utility and the user experience, and to minimise or overcome their limitations. In addition, these new approaches must consider the needs of users with different requirements, abilities, and usage contexts. Advances in human-computer interaction, immersive video, artificial intelligence and adaptive systems can be effectively exploited to this aim, opening up exciting opportunities for enhancing the video medium. The purpose of this workshop is to bring together experts in the fields above and from popular application domains in order to provide a forum for discussing the current state-of-the-art and requirements for specific application domains, in addition to proposing experimental and theoretical approaches.},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the 2022 International Conference on Advanced Visual Interfaces},
articleno = {91},
numpages = {3},
keywords = {visual feedback, intelligent user interfaces, 360 degree video, hypervideos},
location = {Frascati, Rome, Italy},
series = {AVI 2022}
}



@incollection{cavdir2021reactive,
  title={Reactive Video: Movement Sonification as Auditory Feedback for Supporting Physical Activity},
  author={Cavdir, Doga and Clarke, Christopher and Chiu, Patrick and Denoue, Laurent and Kimber, Don},
  booktitle={New Interfaces for Musical Expression (NIME) 2021},
  year={2021}
}



@inproceedings{10.1145/3411764.3445205,
author = {R\"{o}ddiger, Tobias and Clarke, Christopher and Wolffram, Daniel and Budde, Matthias and Beigl, Michael},
title = {EarRumble: Discreet Hands- and Eyes-Free Input by Voluntary Tensor Tympani Muscle Contraction},
year = {2021},
isbn = {9781450380966},
publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery},
address = {New York, NY, USA},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1145/3411764.3445205},
doi = {10.1145/3411764.3445205},
abstract = {We explore how discreet input can be provided using the tensor tympani - a small muscle
in the middle ear that some people can voluntarily contract to induce a dull rumbling
sound. We investigate the prevalence and ability to control the muscle through an
online questionnaire (N=192) in which 43.2% of respondents reported the ability to
“ear rumble”. Data collected from participants (N=16) shows how in-ear barometry can
be used to detect voluntary tensor tympani contraction in the sealed ear canal. This
data was used to train a classifier based on three simple ear rumble “gestures” which
achieved 95% accuracy. Finally, we evaluate the use of ear rumbling for interaction,
grounded in three manual, dual-task application scenarios (N=8). This highlights the
applicability of EarRumble as a low-effort and discreet eyes- and hands-free interaction
technique that users found “magical” and “almost telepathic”. },
booktitle = {Proceedings of the 2021 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems},
articleno = {743},
numpages = {14},
keywords = {discreet interaction, in-ear barometry, hearables, earables, tensor tympani muscle, subtle gestures},
location = {Yokohama, Japan},
series = {CHI '21}
}



@inproceedings{10.1145/3448017.3457381,
author = {Ramirez Gomez, Argenis Ramirez and Clarke, Christopher and Sidenmark, Ludwig and Gellersen, Hans},
title = {Gaze+Hold: Eyes-Only Direct Manipulation with Continuous Gaze Modulated by Closure of One Eye},
year = {2021},
isbn = {9781450383448},
publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery},
address = {New York, NY, USA},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1145/3448017.3457381},
doi = {10.1145/3448017.3457381},
abstract = { The eyes are coupled in their gaze function and therefore usually treated as a single
input channel, limiting the range of interactions. However, people are able to open
and close one eye while still gazing with the other. We introduce Gaze+Hold as an
eyes-only technique that builds on this ability to leverage the eyes as separate input
channels, with one eye modulating the state of interaction while the other provides
continuous input. Gaze+Hold enables direct manipulation beyond pointing which we explore
through the design of Gaze+Hold techniques for a range of user interface tasks. In
a user study, we evaluated performance, usability and user’s spontaneous choice of
eye for modulation of input. The results show that users are effective with Gaze+Hold.
The choice of dominant versus non-dominant eye had no effect on performance, perceived
usability and workload. This is significant for the utility of Gaze+Hold as it affords
flexibility for mapping of either eye in different configurations.},
booktitle = {ACM Symposium on Eye Tracking Research and Applications},
articleno = {10},
numpages = {12},
keywords = {Winks, Eye Tracking, Design, Gaze Pointing, Direct Manipulation, Closing eyelids, Gaze Interaction},
location = {Virtual Event, Germany},
series = {ETRA '21 Full Papers}
}



@inproceedings{10.1145/3379337.3415591,
author = {Clarke, Christopher and Cavdir, Doga and Chiu, Patrick and Denoue, Laurent and Kimber, Don},
title = {Reactive Video: Adaptive Video Playback Based on User Motion for Supporting Physical Activity},
year = {2020},
isbn = {9781450375146},
publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery},
address = {New York, NY, USA},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1145/3379337.3415591},
doi = {10.1145/3379337.3415591},
abstract = {Videos are a convenient platform to begin, maintain, or improve a fitness program
or physical activity. Traditional video systems allow users to manipulate videos through
specific user interface actions such as button clicks or mouse drags, but have no
model of what the user is doing and are unable to adapt in useful ways. We present
adaptive video playback, which seamlessly synchronises video playback with the user's
movements, building upon the principle of direct manipulation video navigation. We
implement adaptive video playback in Reactive Video, a vision-based system which supports
users learning or practising a physical skill. The use of pre-existing videos removes
the need to create bespoke content or specially authored videos, and the system can
provide real-time guidance and feedback to better support users when learning new
movements. Adaptive video playback using a discrete Bayes and particle filter are
evaluated on a data set collected of participants performing tai chi and radio exercises.
Results show that both approaches can accurately adapt to the user's movements, however
reversing playback can be problematic.},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the 33rd Annual ACM Symposium on User Interface Software and Technology},
pages = {196–208},
numpages = {13},
keywords = {physical activity, direct manipulation, full body, probabilistic},
location = {Virtual Event, USA},
series = {UIST '20},
url_Link = {https://eprints.lancs.ac.uk/id/eprint/147601/1/ReactiveVideo_UIST2020_PrePrint.pdf}
}



@inproceedings{10.1145/3428361.3428470,
author = {Clarke, Christopher and Ehrich, Peter and Gellersen, Hans},
title = {Motion Coupling of Earable Devices in Camera View},
year = {2020},
isbn = {9781450388702},
publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery},
address = {New York, NY, USA},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1145/3428361.3428470},
doi = {10.1145/3428361.3428470},
abstract = { Earables, earphones augmented with inertial sensors and real-time data accessibility,
provide the opportunity for private audio channels in public settings. One of the
main challenges of achieving this goal is to correctly associate which device belongs
to which user without prior information. In this paper, we explore how motion of an
earable, as measured by the on-board accelerometer, can be correlated against detected
faces from a webcam to accurately match which user is wearing the device. We conduct
a data collection and explore which type of user movement can be accurately detected
using this approach, and investigate how varying the speed of the movement affects
detection rates. Our results show that the approach achieves greater detection results
for faster movements, and that it can differentiate the same movement across different
participants with a detection rate of 86%, increasing to 92% when differentiating
a movement against others.},
booktitle = {19th International Conference on Mobile and Ubiquitous Multimedia},
pages = {13–17},
numpages = {5},
keywords = {Spontaneous device association, earable, motion coupling.},
location = {Essen, Germany},
series = {MUM 2020}
}



@inproceedings{10.1145/3379155.3391312,
author = {Sidenmark, Ludwig and Mardanbegi, Diako and Gomez, Argenis Ramirez and Clarke, Christopher and Gellersen, Hans},
title = {BimodalGaze: Seamlessly Refined Pointing with Gaze and Filtered Gestural Head Movement},
year = {2020},
isbn = {9781450371339},
publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery},
address = {New York, NY, USA},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1145/3379155.3391312},
doi = {10.1145/3379155.3391312},
abstract = {Eye gaze is a fast and ergonomic modality for pointing but limited in precision and
accuracy. In this work, we introduce BimodalGaze, a novel technique for seamless head-based
refinement of a gaze cursor. The technique leverages eye-head coordination insights
to separate natural from gestural head movement. This allows users to quickly shift
their gaze to targets over larger fields of view with naturally combined eye-head
movement, and to refine the cursor position with gestural head movement. In contrast
to an existing baseline, head refinement is invoked automatically, and only if a target
is not already acquired by the initial gaze shift. Study results show that users reliably
achieve fine-grained target selection, but we observed a higher rate of initial selection
errors affecting overall performance. An in-depth analysis of user performance provides
insight into the classification of natural versus gestural head movement, for improvement
of BimodalGaze and other potential applications. },
booktitle = {ACM Symposium on Eye Tracking Research and Applications},
articleno = {8},
numpages = {9},
keywords = {Gaze interaction, Eye tracking, Refinement, Virtual reality, Eye-head coordination},
location = {Stuttgart, Germany},
series = {ETRA '20 Full Papers}
}



@inproceedings{10.1145/3313831.3376438,
author = {Sidenmark, Ludwig and Clarke, Christopher and Zhang, Xuesong and Phu, Jenny and Gellersen, Hans},
title = {Outline Pursuits: Gaze-Assisted Selection of Occluded Objects in Virtual Reality},
year = {2020},
isbn = {9781450367080},
publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery},
address = {New York, NY, USA},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1145/3313831.3376438},
doi = {10.1145/3313831.3376438},
abstract = {In 3D environments, objects can be difficult to select when they overlap, as this
affects available target area and increases selection ambiguity. We introduce Outline
Pursuits which extends a primary pointing modality for gaze-assisted selection of
occluded objects. Candidate targets within a pointing cone are presented with an outline
that is traversed by a moving stimulus. This affords completion of the selection by
gaze attention to the intended target's outline motion, detected by matching the user's
smooth pursuit eye movement. We demonstrate two techniques implemented based on the
concept, one with a controller as the primary pointer, and one in which Outline Pursuits
are combined with head pointing for hands-free selection. Compared with conventional
raycasting, the techniques require less movement for selection as users do not need
to reposition themselves for a better line of sight, and selection time and accuracy
are less affected when targets become highly occluded.},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the 2020 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems},
pages = {1–13},
numpages = {13},
keywords = {eye tracking, occlusion, smooth pursuits, virtual reality},
location = {Honolulu, HI, USA},
series = {CHI '20}
}



@book{clarke2020dynamic,
  title={Dynamic motion coupling of body movement for input control},
  author={Clarke, Christopher},
  year={2020},
  publisher={Lancaster University (United Kingdom)}
}



@inproceedings{10.1145/3314111.3319822,
author = {Mardanbegi, Diako and Clarke, Christopher and Gellersen, Hans},
title = {Monocular Gaze Depth Estimation Using the Vestibulo-Ocular Reflex},
year = {2019},
isbn = {9781450367097},
publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery},
address = {New York, NY, USA},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1145/3314111.3319822},
doi = {10.1145/3314111.3319822},
abstract = {Gaze depth estimation presents a challenge for eye tracking in 3D. This work investigates
a novel approach to the problem based on eye movement mediated by the vestibulo-ocular
reflex (VOR). VOR stabilises gaze on a target during head movement, with eye movement
in the opposite direction, and the VOR gain increases the closer the fixated target
is to the viewer. We present a theoretical analysis of the relationship between VOR
gain and depth which we investigate with empirical data collected in a user study
(N=10). We show that VOR gain can be captured using pupil centres, and propose and
evaluate a practical method for gaze depth estimation based on a generic function
of VOR gain and two-point depth calibration. The results show that VOR gain is comparable
with vergence in capturing depth while only requiring one eye, and provide insight
into open challenges in harnessing VOR gain as a robust measure.},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the 11th ACM Symposium on Eye Tracking Research &amp; Applications},
articleno = {20},
numpages = {9},
keywords = {eye movement, eye tracking, 3D gaze estimation, fixation depth, VOR, gaze depth estimation},
location = {Denver, Colorado},
series = {ETRA '19}
}



@inproceedings{10.1145/3126594.3126626,
author = {Clarke, Christopher and Gellersen, Hans},
title = {MatchPoint: Spontaneous Spatial Coupling of Body Movement for Touchless Pointing},
year = {2017},
isbn = {9781450349819},
publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery},
address = {New York, NY, USA},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1145/3126594.3126626},
doi = {10.1145/3126594.3126626},
abstract = {Pointing is a fundamental interaction technique where user movement is translated
to spatial input on a display. Conventionally, this is based on a rigid configuration
of a display coupled with a pointing device that determines the types of movement
that can be sensed, and the specific ways users can affect pointer input. Spontaneous
spatial coupling is a novel input technique that instead allows any body movement,
or movement of tangible objects, to be appropriated for touchless pointing on an ad
hoc basis. Pointer acquisition is facilitated by the display presenting graphical
objects in motion, to which users can synchronise to define a temporary spatial coupling
with the body part or tangible object they used in the process. The technique can
be deployed using minimal hardware, as demonstrated by MatchPoint, a generic computer
vision-based implementation of the technique that requires only a webcam. We explore
the design space of spontaneous spatial coupling, demonstrate the versatility of the
technique with application examples, and evaluate MatchPoint performance using a multi-directional
pointing task.},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the 30th Annual ACM Symposium on User Interface Software and Technology},
pages = {179–192},
numpages = {14},
keywords = {vison-based interfaces, computer vision, gesture input, pointing, input techniques, touchless input, user input, bodily interaction, motion-matching},
location = {Qu\'{e}bec City, QC, Canada},
series = {UIST '17}
}



@article{10.1145/3130910,
author = {Clarke, Christopher and Bellino, Alessio and Esteves, Augusto and Gellersen, Hans},
title = {Remote Control by Body Movement in Synchrony with Orbiting Widgets: An Evaluation of TraceMatch},
year = {2017},
issue_date = {September 2017},
publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery},
address = {New York, NY, USA},
volume = {1},
number = {3},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1145/3130910},
doi = {10.1145/3130910},
abstract = {In this work we consider how users can use body movement for remote control with minimal
effort and maximum flexibility. TraceMatch is a novel technique where the interface
displays available controls as circular widgets with orbiting targets, and where users
can trigger a control by mimicking the displayed motion. The technique uses computer
vision to detect circular motion as a uniform type of input, but is highly appropriable
as users can produce matching motion with any part of their body. We present three
studies that investigate input performance with different parts of the body, user
preferences, and spontaneous choice of movements for input in realistic application
scenarios. The results show that users can provide effective input with their head,
hands and while holding objects, that multiple controls can be effectively distinguished
by the difference in presented phase and direction of movement, and that users choose
and switch modes of input seamlessly.},
journal = {Proc. ACM Interact. Mob. Wearable Ubiquitous Technol.},
month = sep,
articleno = {45},
numpages = {22},
keywords = {Gesture input, Movement correlation, Motion matching, Computer vision, Input techniques, Remote control, User input, Motion correlation, Path mimicry, User evaluation, Vision-based interfaces}
}



@article{10.1145/3064937,
author = {Velloso, Eduardo and Carter, Marcus and Newn, Joshua and Esteves, Augusto and Clarke, Christopher and Gellersen, Hans},
title = {Motion Correlation: Selecting Objects by Matching Their Movement},
year = {2017},
issue_date = {July 2017},
publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery},
address = {New York, NY, USA},
volume = {24},
number = {3},
issn = {1073-0516},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1145/3064937},
doi = {10.1145/3064937},
abstract = {Selection is a canonical task in user interfaces, commonly supported by presenting
objects for acquisition by pointing. In this article, we consider motion correlation
as an alternative for selection. The principle is to represent available objects by
motion in the interface, have users identify a target by mimicking its specific motion,
and use the correlation between the system’s output with the user’s input to determine
the selection. The resulting interaction has compelling properties, as users are guided
by motion feedback, and only need to copy a presented motion. Motion correlation has
been explored in earlier work but only recently begun to feature in holistic interface
designs. We provide a first comprehensive review of the principle, and present an
analysis of five previously published works, in which motion correlation underpinned
the design of novel gaze and gesture interfaces for diverse application contexts.
We derive guidelines for motion correlation algorithms, motion feedback, choice of
modalities, overall design of motion correlation interfaces, and identify opportunities
and challenges identified for future research and design.},
journal = {ACM Trans. Comput.-Hum. Interact.},
month = apr,
articleno = {22},
numpages = {35},
keywords = {motion tracking, natural user interfaces, gesture interfaces, gaze interaction, Motion correlation, interaction techniques, eye tracking}
}



@article{angelov2017aurora,
  title={AURORA: autonomous real-time on-board video analytics},
  author={Angelov, Plamen and Sadeghi Tehran, Pouria and Clarke, Christopher},
  journal={Neural Computing and Applications},
  volume={28},
  number={5},
  pages={855--865},
  year={2017}
}



@inproceedings{10.1145/2971648.2971714,
author = {Clarke, Christopher and Bellino, Alessio and Esteves, Augusto and Velloso, Eduardo and Gellersen, Hans},
title = {TraceMatch: A Computer Vision Technique for User Input by Tracing of Animated Controls},
year = {2016},
isbn = {9781450344616},
publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery},
address = {New York, NY, USA},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1145/2971648.2971714},
doi = {10.1145/2971648.2971714},
abstract = {Recent works have explored the concept of movement correlation interfaces, in which
moving objects can be selected by matching the movement of the input device to that
of the desired object. Previous techniques relied on a single modality (e.g. gaze
or mid-air gestures) and specific hardware to issue commands. TraceMatch is a computer
vision technique that enables input by movement correlation while abstracting from
any particular input modality. The technique relies only on a conventional webcam
to enable users to produce matching gestures with any given body parts, even whilst
holding objects. We describe an implementation of the technique for acquisition of
orbiting targets, evaluate algorithm performance for different target sizes and frequencies,
and demonstrate use of the technique for remote control of graphical as well as physical
objects with different body parts.},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the 2016 ACM International Joint Conference on Pervasive and Ubiquitous Computing},
pages = {298–303},
numpages = {6},
keywords = {vision-based interfaces, path mimicry, remote control, input techniques, motion matching, computer vision, ubiquitous computing, gesture input, user input},
location = {Heidelberg, Germany},
series = {UbiComp '16}
}



@inproceedings{10.1145/2702613.2732842,
author = {Sas, Corina and Challioner, Scott and Clarke, Christopher and Wilson, Ross and Coman, Alina and Clinch, Sarah and Harding, Mike and Davies, Nigel},
title = {Self-Defining Memory Cues: Creative Expression and Emotional Meaning},
year = {2015},
isbn = {9781450331463},
publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery},
address = {New York, NY, USA},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1145/2702613.2732842},
doi = {10.1145/2702613.2732842},
abstract = {This paper explores how people generate cues for capturing personal meaningful daily
events, which can be used for later recall. Such understanding can be explored to
inform the design and development of personal informatics systems, aimed to support
reflection and increased self-awareness. We describe a diary study with six participants
and discuss initial findings showing the qualities of daily meaningful events, the
value of different types of cues and their distinct contents for supporting episodic
recall.},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the 33rd Annual ACM Conference Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems},
pages = {2013–2018},
numpages = {6},
keywords = {emotions, meaningful daily events, doodling, creativity, episodic memory recall, self-generated cues},
location = {Seoul, Republic of Korea},
series = {CHI EA '15}
}



@inproceedings{sadeghi2014real,
  title={A real-time approach for autonomous detection and tracking of moving objects from UAV},
  author={Sadeghi-Tehran, Pouria and Clarke, Christopher and Angelov, Plamen},
  booktitle={2014 IEEE Symposium on Evolving and Autonomous Learning Systems (EALS)},
  pages={43--49},
  year={2014},
  organization={IEEE}
}



@article{clarke2014sariva,
  title={Sariva: Smartphone app for real-time intelligent video analytics},
  author={Clarke, Christopher and Angelov, Plamen},
  journal={Journal of Automation, Mobile Robotics and Intelligent Systems},
  pages={15--19},
  year={2014}
}
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In order to keep using Mendeley with BibBase past April\n        14th, you need to:\n        <ol>\n          <li>renew the authorization for BibBase on Mendeley, and</li>\n          <li>update the BibBase URL\n            in your page the same way you did when you initially set up\n            this page.\n          </li>\n        </ol>\n      </p>\n\n      <p>\n        <a href=\"http://bibbase.org/cgi-bin/mendeley2/get.py\">\n          <i class=\"fa fa-angle-double-right\"></i>\n          Fix it now</a>\n      </p>\n    </div>\n\n  </div>\n\n\n  <div id=\"bibbase_body\">\n    \n  \n  <div class=\"bibbase_group_whole\" id=\"group_2022\">\n    <div class=\"bibbase_group\"\n      onclick=\"toggleGroup('group_2022')\"\n      onkeypress=\"toggleGroup('group_2022')\"\n      tabindex=\"0\">\n      <i class=\"fa fa-angle-down bibbase_group_head_icon\"></i>&nbsp;\n      <span>2022</span>\n      <span class=\"bibbase_group_count\">\n        \n        (4)\n        \n      </span>\n    </div>\n    <div class=\"bibbase_group_body\">\n      \n  \n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"sims-chang-bennett-krishnan-aboubakar-coman-bahrami-huang-etal-stepintomymindpalaceexplorationofacollaborativeparagogytoolinvr-2022\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  Step Into My Mind Palace: Exploration of a Collaborative Paragogy Tool in VR.\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Sims, R., Chang, B., Bennett, V., Krishnan, A., Aboubakar, A., Coman, G., Bahrami, A., Huang, Z., <a class=\"bibbase author link\" href=\"https://christopherclarke.net/research.html\">Clarke, C.</a>,  &amp; Karnik, A.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  In <i>2022 8th International Conference of the Immersive Learning Research Network (iLRN)</i>, pages 1-8,  2022. \n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.org/10.23919/iLRN55037.2022.9815936\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('sims-chang-bennett-krishnan-aboubakar-coman-bahrami-huang-etal-stepintomymindpalaceexplorationofacollaborativeparagogytoolinvr-2022', 'http://doi.org/10.23919/iLRN55037.2022.9815936', event.ctrlKey)\"\n     class=\"bibbase doi link\">\n    <span>doi</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/sims-chang-bennett-krishnan-aboubakar-coman-bahrami-huang-etal-stepintomymindpalaceexplorationofacollaborativeparagogytoolinvr-2022\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('sims-chang-bennett-krishnan-aboubakar-coman-bahrami-huang-etal-stepintomymindpalaceexplorationofacollaborativeparagogytoolinvr-2022')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@INPROCEEDINGS{9815936,\n  author={Sims, Robert and Chang, Barry and Bennett, Verity and Krishnan, Advaith and Aboubakar, Abdalslam and Coman, George and Bahrami, Abdulrazak and Huang, Zehao and Clarke, Christopher and Karnik, Abhijit},\n  booktitle={2022 8th International Conference of the Immersive Learning Research Network (iLRN)},\n  title={Step Into My Mind Palace: Exploration of a Collaborative Paragogy Tool in VR},\n  year={2022},\n  volume={},\n  number={},\n  pages={1-8},\n  doi={10.23919/iLRN55037.2022.9815936}}\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"rddiger-king-roodt-clarke-beigl-openearableopenhardwareearablesensingplatform-2022\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1145/3544793.3563415\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'rddiger-king-roodt-clarke-beigl-openearableopenhardwareearablesensingplatform-2022', 'https://doi.org/10.1145/3544793.3563415', event);\">\n    OpenEarable: Open Hardware Earable Sensing Platform.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Röddiger, T., King, T., Roodt, D. R., <a class=\"bibbase author link\" href=\"https://christopherclarke.net/research.html\">Clarke, C.</a>,  &amp; Beigl, M.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  In <i>Proceedings of the 1st International Workshop on Earable Computing</i>, of <i>EarComp’22</i>, pages 29–34, New York, NY, USA,  2022. Association for Computing Machinery\n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1145/3544793.3563415\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('rddiger-king-roodt-clarke-beigl-openearableopenhardwareearablesensingplatform-2022', 'https://doi.org/10.1145/3544793.3563415', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"OpenEarable: Open Hardware Earable Sensing Platform [link]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.org/10.1145/3544793.3563415\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('rddiger-king-roodt-clarke-beigl-openearableopenhardwareearablesensingplatform-2022', 'http://doi.org/10.1145/3544793.3563415', event.ctrlKey)\"\n     class=\"bibbase doi link\">\n    <span>doi</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/rddiger-king-roodt-clarke-beigl-openearableopenhardwareearablesensingplatform-2022\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <span class=\"bibbase_stats_paper\" style=\"color: #777;\">\n    <span>1 download</span>\n  </span>\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('rddiger-king-roodt-clarke-beigl-openearableopenhardwareearablesensingplatform-2022')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@inproceedings{10.1145/3544793.3563415,\ntitle = {OpenEarable: Open Hardware Earable Sensing Platform},\nauthor = {Röddiger, Tobias and King, Tobias and Roodt, Dylan Ray and Clarke, Christopher and Beigl, Michael},\nyear = 2022,\nbooktitle = {Proceedings of the 1st International Workshop on Earable Computing},\nlocation = {Cambridge, United Kingdom},\npublisher = {Association for Computing Machinery},\naddress = {New York, NY, USA},\nseries = {EarComp’22},\npages = {29–34},\ndoi = {10.1145/3544793.3563415},\nurl = {https://doi.org/10.1145/3544793.3563415},\nnumpages = 6,\nkeywords = {In-Ear Headphones, IMU, Monitoring}\n}\n\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"rddiger-clarke-breitling-schneegans-zhao-gellersen-beigl-sensingwithearablesasystematicliteraturereviewandtaxonomyofphenomena-2022\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1145/3550314\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'rddiger-clarke-breitling-schneegans-zhao-gellersen-beigl-sensingwithearablesasystematicliteraturereviewandtaxonomyofphenomena-2022', 'https://doi.org/10.1145/3550314', event);\">\n    Sensing with Earables: A Systematic Literature Review and Taxonomy of Phenomena.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Röddiger, T., <a class=\"bibbase author link\" href=\"https://christopherclarke.net/research.html\">Clarke, C.</a>, Breitling, P., Schneegans, T., Zhao, H., Gellersen, H.,  &amp; Beigl, M.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  <i>Proc. ACM Interact. Mob. Wearable Ubiquitous Technol.</i>, 6(3). sep 2022.\n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1145/3550314\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('rddiger-clarke-breitling-schneegans-zhao-gellersen-beigl-sensingwithearablesasystematicliteraturereviewandtaxonomyofphenomena-2022', 'https://doi.org/10.1145/3550314', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"Sensing with Earables: A Systematic Literature Review and Taxonomy of Phenomena [link]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.org/10.1145/3550314\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('rddiger-clarke-breitling-schneegans-zhao-gellersen-beigl-sensingwithearablesasystematicliteraturereviewandtaxonomyofphenomena-2022', 'http://doi.org/10.1145/3550314', event.ctrlKey)\"\n     class=\"bibbase doi link\">\n    <span>doi</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/rddiger-clarke-breitling-schneegans-zhao-gellersen-beigl-sensingwithearablesasystematicliteraturereviewandtaxonomyofphenomena-2022\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <span class=\"bibbase_stats_paper\" style=\"color: #777;\">\n    <span>3 downloads</span>\n  </span>\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('rddiger-clarke-breitling-schneegans-zhao-gellersen-beigl-sensingwithearablesasystematicliteraturereviewandtaxonomyofphenomena-2022')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@article{10.1145/3550314,\nauthor = {R\\&quot;{o}ddiger, Tobias and Clarke, Christopher and Breitling, Paula and Schneegans, Tim and Zhao, Haibin and Gellersen, Hans and Beigl, Michael},\ntitle = {Sensing with Earables: A Systematic Literature Review and Taxonomy of Phenomena},\nyear = {2022},\nissue_date = {September 2022},\npublisher = {Association for Computing Machinery},\naddress = {New York, NY, USA},\nvolume = {6},\nnumber = {3},\nurl = {https://doi.org/10.1145/3550314},\ndoi = {10.1145/3550314},\nabstract = {Earables have emerged as a unique platform for ubiquitous computing by augmenting ear-worn devices with state-of-the-art sensing. This new platform has spurred a wealth of new research exploring what can be detected on a wearable, small form factor. As a sensing platform, the ears are less susceptible to motion artifacts and are located in close proximity to a number of important anatomical structures including the brain, blood vessels, and facial muscles which reveal a wealth of information. They can be easily reached by the hands and the ear canal itself is affected by mouth, face, and head movements. We have conducted a systematic literature review of 271 earable publications from the ACM and IEEE libraries. These were synthesized into an open-ended taxonomy of 47 different phenomena that can be sensed in, on, or around the ear. Through analysis, we identify 13 fundamental phenomena from which all other phenomena can be derived, and discuss the different sensors and sensing principles used to detect them. We comprehensively review the phenomena in four main areas of (i) physiological monitoring and health, (ii) movement and activity, (iii) interaction, and (iv) authentication and identification. This breadth highlights the potential that earables have to offer as a ubiquitous, general-purpose platform.},\njournal = {Proc. ACM Interact. Mob. Wearable Ubiquitous Technol.},\nmonth = {sep},\narticleno = {135},\nnumpages = {57},\nkeywords = {earables, ear wearable, ear-mounted, headphones, earbuds, ear-attached, ear-worn, hearables, earpiece, earphones, ear-based}\n}\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  Earables have emerged as a unique platform for ubiquitous computing by augmenting ear-worn devices with state-of-the-art sensing. This new platform has spurred a wealth of new research exploring what can be detected on a wearable, small form factor. As a sensing platform, the ears are less susceptible to motion artifacts and are located in close proximity to a number of important anatomical structures including the brain, blood vessels, and facial muscles which reveal a wealth of information. They can be easily reached by the hands and the ear canal itself is affected by mouth, face, and head movements. We have conducted a systematic literature review of 271 earable publications from the ACM and IEEE libraries. These were synthesized into an open-ended taxonomy of 47 different phenomena that can be sensed in, on, or around the ear. Through analysis, we identify 13 fundamental phenomena from which all other phenomena can be derived, and discuss the different sensors and sensing principles used to detect them. We comprehensively review the phenomena in four main areas of (i) physiological monitoring and health, (ii) movement and activity, (iii) interaction, and (iv) authentication and identification. This breadth highlights the potential that earables have to offer as a ubiquitous, general-purpose platform.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"coccoli-galluccio-torre-amenduni-cattaneo-clarke-advancedvisualinterfacesforaugmentedvideo-2022\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1145/3531073.3535253\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'coccoli-galluccio-torre-amenduni-cattaneo-clarke-advancedvisualinterfacesforaugmentedvideo-2022', 'https://doi.org/10.1145/3531073.3535253', event);\">\n    Advanced Visual Interfaces for Augmented Video.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Coccoli, M., Galluccio, I., Torre, I., Amenduni, F., Cattaneo, A.,  &amp; <a class=\"bibbase author link\" href=\"https://christopherclarke.net/research.html\">Clarke, C.</a>\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  In <i>Proceedings of the 2022 International Conference on Advanced Visual Interfaces</i>, of <i>AVI 2022</i>, New York, NY, USA,  2022. Association for Computing Machinery\n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1145/3531073.3535253\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('coccoli-galluccio-torre-amenduni-cattaneo-clarke-advancedvisualinterfacesforaugmentedvideo-2022', 'https://doi.org/10.1145/3531073.3535253', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"Advanced Visual Interfaces for Augmented Video [link]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.org/10.1145/3531073.3535253\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('coccoli-galluccio-torre-amenduni-cattaneo-clarke-advancedvisualinterfacesforaugmentedvideo-2022', 'http://doi.org/10.1145/3531073.3535253', event.ctrlKey)\"\n     class=\"bibbase doi link\">\n    <span>doi</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/coccoli-galluccio-torre-amenduni-cattaneo-clarke-advancedvisualinterfacesforaugmentedvideo-2022\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <span class=\"bibbase_stats_paper\" style=\"color: #777;\">\n    <span>2 downloads</span>\n  </span>\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('coccoli-galluccio-torre-amenduni-cattaneo-clarke-advancedvisualinterfacesforaugmentedvideo-2022')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@inproceedings{10.1145/3531073.3535253,\nauthor = {Coccoli, Mauro and Galluccio, Ilenia and Torre, Ilaria and Amenduni, Francesca and Cattaneo, Alberto and Clarke, Christopher},\ntitle = {Advanced Visual Interfaces for Augmented Video},\nyear = {2022},\nisbn = {9781450397193},\npublisher = {Association for Computing Machinery},\naddress = {New York, NY, USA},\nurl = {https://doi.org/10.1145/3531073.3535253},\ndoi = {10.1145/3531073.3535253},\nabstract = {The growing use of online videos across a wide range of applications, including education and training, demands new approaches to enhance their utility and the user experience, and to minimise or overcome their limitations. In addition, these new approaches must consider the needs of users with different requirements, abilities, and usage contexts. Advances in human-computer interaction, immersive video, artificial intelligence and adaptive systems can be effectively exploited to this aim, opening up exciting opportunities for enhancing the video medium. The purpose of this workshop is to bring together experts in the fields above and from popular application domains in order to provide a forum for discussing the current state-of-the-art and requirements for specific application domains, in addition to proposing experimental and theoretical approaches.},\nbooktitle = {Proceedings of the 2022 International Conference on Advanced Visual Interfaces},\narticleno = {91},\nnumpages = {3},\nkeywords = {visual feedback, intelligent user interfaces, 360 degree video, hypervideos},\nlocation = {Frascati, Rome, Italy},\nseries = {AVI 2022}\n}\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  The growing use of online videos across a wide range of applications, including education and training, demands new approaches to enhance their utility and the user experience, and to minimise or overcome their limitations. In addition, these new approaches must consider the needs of users with different requirements, abilities, and usage contexts. Advances in human-computer interaction, immersive video, artificial intelligence and adaptive systems can be effectively exploited to this aim, opening up exciting opportunities for enhancing the video medium. The purpose of this workshop is to bring together experts in the fields above and from popular application domains in order to provide a forum for discussing the current state-of-the-art and requirements for specific application domains, in addition to proposing experimental and theoretical approaches.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n\n\n\n    </div>\n  </div>\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_group_whole\" id=\"group_2021\">\n    <div class=\"bibbase_group\"\n      onclick=\"toggleGroup('group_2021')\"\n      onkeypress=\"toggleGroup('group_2021')\"\n      tabindex=\"0\">\n      <i class=\"fa fa-angle-down bibbase_group_head_icon\"></i>&nbsp;\n      <span>2021</span>\n      <span class=\"bibbase_group_count\">\n        \n        (3)\n        \n      </span>\n    </div>\n    <div class=\"bibbase_group_body\">\n      \n  \n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"cavdir-clarke-chiu-denoue-kimber-reactivevideomovementsonificationasauditoryfeedbackforsupportingphysicalactivity-2021\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  Reactive Video: Movement Sonification as Auditory Feedback for Supporting Physical Activity.\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Cavdir, D., <a class=\"bibbase author link\" href=\"https://christopherclarke.net/research.html\">Clarke, C.</a>, Chiu, P., Denoue, L.,  &amp; Kimber, D.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  In <i>New Interfaces for Musical Expression (NIME) 2021</i>.  2021.\n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/cavdir-clarke-chiu-denoue-kimber-reactivevideomovementsonificationasauditoryfeedbackforsupportingphysicalactivity-2021\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('cavdir-clarke-chiu-denoue-kimber-reactivevideomovementsonificationasauditoryfeedbackforsupportingphysicalactivity-2021')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@incollection{cavdir2021reactive,\n  title={Reactive Video: Movement Sonification as Auditory Feedback for Supporting Physical Activity},\n  author={Cavdir, Doga and Clarke, Christopher and Chiu, Patrick and Denoue, Laurent and Kimber, Don},\n  booktitle={New Interfaces for Musical Expression (NIME) 2021},\n  year={2021}\n}\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"rddiger-clarke-wolffram-budde-beigl-earrumblediscreethandsandeyesfreeinputbyvoluntarytensortympanimusclecontraction-2021\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1145/3411764.3445205\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'rddiger-clarke-wolffram-budde-beigl-earrumblediscreethandsandeyesfreeinputbyvoluntarytensortympanimusclecontraction-2021', 'https://doi.org/10.1145/3411764.3445205', event);\">\n    EarRumble: Discreet Hands- and Eyes-Free Input by Voluntary Tensor Tympani Muscle Contraction.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Röddiger, T., <a class=\"bibbase author link\" href=\"https://christopherclarke.net/research.html\">Clarke, C.</a>, Wolffram, D., Budde, M.,  &amp; Beigl, M.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  In <i>Proceedings of the 2021 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems</i>, of <i>CHI '21</i>, New York, NY, USA,  2021. Association for Computing Machinery\n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1145/3411764.3445205\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('rddiger-clarke-wolffram-budde-beigl-earrumblediscreethandsandeyesfreeinputbyvoluntarytensortympanimusclecontraction-2021', 'https://doi.org/10.1145/3411764.3445205', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"EarRumble: Discreet Hands- and Eyes-Free Input by Voluntary Tensor Tympani Muscle Contraction [link]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.org/10.1145/3411764.3445205\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('rddiger-clarke-wolffram-budde-beigl-earrumblediscreethandsandeyesfreeinputbyvoluntarytensortympanimusclecontraction-2021', 'http://doi.org/10.1145/3411764.3445205', event.ctrlKey)\"\n     class=\"bibbase doi link\">\n    <span>doi</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/rddiger-clarke-wolffram-budde-beigl-earrumblediscreethandsandeyesfreeinputbyvoluntarytensortympanimusclecontraction-2021\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('rddiger-clarke-wolffram-budde-beigl-earrumblediscreethandsandeyesfreeinputbyvoluntarytensortympanimusclecontraction-2021')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@inproceedings{10.1145/3411764.3445205,\nauthor = {R\\&quot;{o}ddiger, Tobias and Clarke, Christopher and Wolffram, Daniel and Budde, Matthias and Beigl, Michael},\ntitle = {EarRumble: Discreet Hands- and Eyes-Free Input by Voluntary Tensor Tympani Muscle Contraction},\nyear = {2021},\nisbn = {9781450380966},\npublisher = {Association for Computing Machinery},\naddress = {New York, NY, USA},\nurl = {https://doi.org/10.1145/3411764.3445205},\ndoi = {10.1145/3411764.3445205},\nabstract = {We explore how discreet input can be provided using the tensor tympani - a small muscle\nin the middle ear that some people can voluntarily contract to induce a dull rumbling\nsound. We investigate the prevalence and ability to control the muscle through an\nonline questionnaire (N=192) in which 43.2% of respondents reported the ability to\n“ear rumble”. Data collected from participants (N=16) shows how in-ear barometry can\nbe used to detect voluntary tensor tympani contraction in the sealed ear canal. This\ndata was used to train a classifier based on three simple ear rumble “gestures” which\nachieved 95% accuracy. Finally, we evaluate the use of ear rumbling for interaction,\ngrounded in three manual, dual-task application scenarios (N=8). This highlights the\napplicability of EarRumble as a low-effort and discreet eyes- and hands-free interaction\ntechnique that users found “magical” and “almost telepathic”. },\nbooktitle = {Proceedings of the 2021 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems},\narticleno = {743},\nnumpages = {14},\nkeywords = {discreet interaction, in-ear barometry, hearables, earables, tensor tympani muscle, subtle gestures},\nlocation = {Yokohama, Japan},\nseries = {CHI &#x27;21}\n}\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  We explore how discreet input can be provided using the tensor tympani - a small muscle in the middle ear that some people can voluntarily contract to induce a dull rumbling sound. We investigate the prevalence and ability to control the muscle through an online questionnaire (N=192) in which 43.2% of respondents reported the ability to “ear rumble”. Data collected from participants (N=16) shows how in-ear barometry can be used to detect voluntary tensor tympani contraction in the sealed ear canal. This data was used to train a classifier based on three simple ear rumble “gestures” which achieved 95% accuracy. Finally, we evaluate the use of ear rumbling for interaction, grounded in three manual, dual-task application scenarios (N=8). This highlights the applicability of EarRumble as a low-effort and discreet eyes- and hands-free interaction technique that users found “magical” and “almost telepathic”. \n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"ramirezgomez-clarke-sidenmark-gellersen-gazeholdeyesonlydirectmanipulationwithcontinuousgazemodulatedbyclosureofoneeye-2021\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1145/3448017.3457381\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'ramirezgomez-clarke-sidenmark-gellersen-gazeholdeyesonlydirectmanipulationwithcontinuousgazemodulatedbyclosureofoneeye-2021', 'https://doi.org/10.1145/3448017.3457381', event);\">\n    Gaze+Hold: Eyes-Only Direct Manipulation with Continuous Gaze Modulated by Closure of One Eye.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Ramirez Gomez, A. R., <a class=\"bibbase author link\" href=\"https://christopherclarke.net/research.html\">Clarke, C.</a>, Sidenmark, L.,  &amp; Gellersen, H.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  In <i>ACM Symposium on Eye Tracking Research and Applications</i>, of <i>ETRA '21 Full Papers</i>, New York, NY, USA,  2021. Association for Computing Machinery\n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1145/3448017.3457381\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('ramirezgomez-clarke-sidenmark-gellersen-gazeholdeyesonlydirectmanipulationwithcontinuousgazemodulatedbyclosureofoneeye-2021', 'https://doi.org/10.1145/3448017.3457381', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"Gaze+Hold: Eyes-Only Direct Manipulation with Continuous Gaze Modulated by Closure of One Eye [link]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.org/10.1145/3448017.3457381\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('ramirezgomez-clarke-sidenmark-gellersen-gazeholdeyesonlydirectmanipulationwithcontinuousgazemodulatedbyclosureofoneeye-2021', 'http://doi.org/10.1145/3448017.3457381', event.ctrlKey)\"\n     class=\"bibbase doi link\">\n    <span>doi</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/ramirezgomez-clarke-sidenmark-gellersen-gazeholdeyesonlydirectmanipulationwithcontinuousgazemodulatedbyclosureofoneeye-2021\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('ramirezgomez-clarke-sidenmark-gellersen-gazeholdeyesonlydirectmanipulationwithcontinuousgazemodulatedbyclosureofoneeye-2021')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@inproceedings{10.1145/3448017.3457381,\nauthor = {Ramirez Gomez, Argenis Ramirez and Clarke, Christopher and Sidenmark, Ludwig and Gellersen, Hans},\ntitle = {Gaze+Hold: Eyes-Only Direct Manipulation with Continuous Gaze Modulated by Closure of One Eye},\nyear = {2021},\nisbn = {9781450383448},\npublisher = {Association for Computing Machinery},\naddress = {New York, NY, USA},\nurl = {https://doi.org/10.1145/3448017.3457381},\ndoi = {10.1145/3448017.3457381},\nabstract = { The eyes are coupled in their gaze function and therefore usually treated as a single\ninput channel, limiting the range of interactions. However, people are able to open\nand close one eye while still gazing with the other. We introduce Gaze+Hold as an\neyes-only technique that builds on this ability to leverage the eyes as separate input\nchannels, with one eye modulating the state of interaction while the other provides\ncontinuous input. Gaze+Hold enables direct manipulation beyond pointing which we explore\nthrough the design of Gaze+Hold techniques for a range of user interface tasks. In\na user study, we evaluated performance, usability and user’s spontaneous choice of\neye for modulation of input. The results show that users are effective with Gaze+Hold.\nThe choice of dominant versus non-dominant eye had no effect on performance, perceived\nusability and workload. This is significant for the utility of Gaze+Hold as it affords\nflexibility for mapping of either eye in different configurations.},\nbooktitle = {ACM Symposium on Eye Tracking Research and Applications},\narticleno = {10},\nnumpages = {12},\nkeywords = {Winks, Eye Tracking, Design, Gaze Pointing, Direct Manipulation, Closing eyelids, Gaze Interaction},\nlocation = {Virtual Event, Germany},\nseries = {ETRA &#x27;21 Full Papers}\n}\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  The eyes are coupled in their gaze function and therefore usually treated as a single input channel, limiting the range of interactions. However, people are able to open and close one eye while still gazing with the other. We introduce Gaze+Hold as an eyes-only technique that builds on this ability to leverage the eyes as separate input channels, with one eye modulating the state of interaction while the other provides continuous input. Gaze+Hold enables direct manipulation beyond pointing which we explore through the design of Gaze+Hold techniques for a range of user interface tasks. In a user study, we evaluated performance, usability and user’s spontaneous choice of eye for modulation of input. The results show that users are effective with Gaze+Hold. The choice of dominant versus non-dominant eye had no effect on performance, perceived usability and workload. This is significant for the utility of Gaze+Hold as it affords flexibility for mapping of either eye in different configurations.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n\n\n\n    </div>\n  </div>\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_group_whole\" id=\"group_2020\">\n    <div class=\"bibbase_group\"\n      onclick=\"toggleGroup('group_2020')\"\n      onkeypress=\"toggleGroup('group_2020')\"\n      tabindex=\"0\">\n      <i class=\"fa fa-angle-down bibbase_group_head_icon\"></i>&nbsp;\n      <span>2020</span>\n      <span class=\"bibbase_group_count\">\n        \n        (5)\n        \n      </span>\n    </div>\n    <div class=\"bibbase_group_body\">\n      \n  \n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"clarke-cavdir-chiu-denoue-kimber-reactivevideoadaptivevideoplaybackbasedonusermotionforsupportingphysicalactivity-2020\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"https://eprints.lancs.ac.uk/id/eprint/147601/1/ReactiveVideo_UIST2020_PrePrint.pdf\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'clarke-cavdir-chiu-denoue-kimber-reactivevideoadaptivevideoplaybackbasedonusermotionforsupportingphysicalactivity-2020', 'https://eprints.lancs.ac.uk/id/eprint/147601/1/ReactiveVideo_UIST2020_PrePrint.pdf', event);\">\n    Reactive Video: Adaptive Video Playback Based on User Motion for Supporting Physical Activity.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  <a class=\"bibbase author link\" href=\"https://christopherclarke.net/research.html\">Clarke, C.</a>, Cavdir, D., Chiu, P., Denoue, L.,  &amp; Kimber, D.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  In <i>Proceedings of the 33rd Annual ACM Symposium on User Interface Software and Technology</i>, of <i>UIST '20</i>, pages 196–208, New York, NY, USA,  2020. Association for Computing Machinery\n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1145/3379337.3415591\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('clarke-cavdir-chiu-denoue-kimber-reactivevideoadaptivevideoplaybackbasedonusermotionforsupportingphysicalactivity-2020', 'https://doi.org/10.1145/3379337.3415591', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"Reactive Video: Adaptive Video Playback Based on User Motion for Supporting Physical Activity [link]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  <a href=\"https://eprints.lancs.ac.uk/id/eprint/147601/1/ReactiveVideo_UIST2020_PrePrint.pdf\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('clarke-cavdir-chiu-denoue-kimber-reactivevideoadaptivevideoplaybackbasedonusermotionforsupportingphysicalactivity-2020', 'https://eprints.lancs.ac.uk/id/eprint/147601/1/ReactiveVideo_UIST2020_PrePrint.pdf', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/pdf.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"Reactive Video: Adaptive Video Playback Based on User Motion for Supporting Physical Activity [pdf]\"\n       title=\" link\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\"> link</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.org/10.1145/3379337.3415591\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('clarke-cavdir-chiu-denoue-kimber-reactivevideoadaptivevideoplaybackbasedonusermotionforsupportingphysicalactivity-2020', 'http://doi.org/10.1145/3379337.3415591', event.ctrlKey)\"\n     class=\"bibbase doi link\">\n    <span>doi</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/clarke-cavdir-chiu-denoue-kimber-reactivevideoadaptivevideoplaybackbasedonusermotionforsupportingphysicalactivity-2020\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <span class=\"bibbase_stats_paper\" style=\"color: #777;\">\n    <span>3 downloads</span>\n  </span>\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('clarke-cavdir-chiu-denoue-kimber-reactivevideoadaptivevideoplaybackbasedonusermotionforsupportingphysicalactivity-2020')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@inproceedings{10.1145/3379337.3415591,\nauthor = {Clarke, Christopher and Cavdir, Doga and Chiu, Patrick and Denoue, Laurent and Kimber, Don},\ntitle = {Reactive Video: Adaptive Video Playback Based on User Motion for Supporting Physical Activity},\nyear = {2020},\nisbn = {9781450375146},\npublisher = {Association for Computing Machinery},\naddress = {New York, NY, USA},\nurl = {https://doi.org/10.1145/3379337.3415591},\ndoi = {10.1145/3379337.3415591},\nabstract = {Videos are a convenient platform to begin, maintain, or improve a fitness program\nor physical activity. Traditional video systems allow users to manipulate videos through\nspecific user interface actions such as button clicks or mouse drags, but have no\nmodel of what the user is doing and are unable to adapt in useful ways. We present\nadaptive video playback, which seamlessly synchronises video playback with the user&#x27;s\nmovements, building upon the principle of direct manipulation video navigation. We\nimplement adaptive video playback in Reactive Video, a vision-based system which supports\nusers learning or practising a physical skill. The use of pre-existing videos removes\nthe need to create bespoke content or specially authored videos, and the system can\nprovide real-time guidance and feedback to better support users when learning new\nmovements. Adaptive video playback using a discrete Bayes and particle filter are\nevaluated on a data set collected of participants performing tai chi and radio exercises.\nResults show that both approaches can accurately adapt to the user&#x27;s movements, however\nreversing playback can be problematic.},\nbooktitle = {Proceedings of the 33rd Annual ACM Symposium on User Interface Software and Technology},\npages = {196–208},\nnumpages = {13},\nkeywords = {physical activity, direct manipulation, full body, probabilistic},\nlocation = {Virtual Event, USA},\nseries = {UIST &#x27;20},\nurl_Link = {https://eprints.lancs.ac.uk/id/eprint/147601/1/ReactiveVideo_UIST2020_PrePrint.pdf}\n}\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  Videos are a convenient platform to begin, maintain, or improve a fitness program or physical activity. Traditional video systems allow users to manipulate videos through specific user interface actions such as button clicks or mouse drags, but have no model of what the user is doing and are unable to adapt in useful ways. We present adaptive video playback, which seamlessly synchronises video playback with the user's movements, building upon the principle of direct manipulation video navigation. We implement adaptive video playback in Reactive Video, a vision-based system which supports users learning or practising a physical skill. The use of pre-existing videos removes the need to create bespoke content or specially authored videos, and the system can provide real-time guidance and feedback to better support users when learning new movements. Adaptive video playback using a discrete Bayes and particle filter are evaluated on a data set collected of participants performing tai chi and radio exercises. Results show that both approaches can accurately adapt to the user's movements, however reversing playback can be problematic.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"clarke-ehrich-gellersen-motioncouplingofearabledevicesincameraview-2020\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1145/3428361.3428470\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'clarke-ehrich-gellersen-motioncouplingofearabledevicesincameraview-2020', 'https://doi.org/10.1145/3428361.3428470', event);\">\n    Motion Coupling of Earable Devices in Camera View.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  <a class=\"bibbase author link\" href=\"https://christopherclarke.net/research.html\">Clarke, C.</a>, Ehrich, P.,  &amp; Gellersen, H.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  In <i>19th International Conference on Mobile and Ubiquitous Multimedia</i>, of <i>MUM 2020</i>, pages 13–17, New York, NY, USA,  2020. Association for Computing Machinery\n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1145/3428361.3428470\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('clarke-ehrich-gellersen-motioncouplingofearabledevicesincameraview-2020', 'https://doi.org/10.1145/3428361.3428470', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"Motion Coupling of Earable Devices in Camera View [link]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.org/10.1145/3428361.3428470\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('clarke-ehrich-gellersen-motioncouplingofearabledevicesincameraview-2020', 'http://doi.org/10.1145/3428361.3428470', event.ctrlKey)\"\n     class=\"bibbase doi link\">\n    <span>doi</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/clarke-ehrich-gellersen-motioncouplingofearabledevicesincameraview-2020\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('clarke-ehrich-gellersen-motioncouplingofearabledevicesincameraview-2020')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@inproceedings{10.1145/3428361.3428470,\nauthor = {Clarke, Christopher and Ehrich, Peter and Gellersen, Hans},\ntitle = {Motion Coupling of Earable Devices in Camera View},\nyear = {2020},\nisbn = {9781450388702},\npublisher = {Association for Computing Machinery},\naddress = {New York, NY, USA},\nurl = {https://doi.org/10.1145/3428361.3428470},\ndoi = {10.1145/3428361.3428470},\nabstract = { Earables, earphones augmented with inertial sensors and real-time data accessibility,\nprovide the opportunity for private audio channels in public settings. One of the\nmain challenges of achieving this goal is to correctly associate which device belongs\nto which user without prior information. In this paper, we explore how motion of an\nearable, as measured by the on-board accelerometer, can be correlated against detected\nfaces from a webcam to accurately match which user is wearing the device. We conduct\na data collection and explore which type of user movement can be accurately detected\nusing this approach, and investigate how varying the speed of the movement affects\ndetection rates. Our results show that the approach achieves greater detection results\nfor faster movements, and that it can differentiate the same movement across different\nparticipants with a detection rate of 86%, increasing to 92% when differentiating\na movement against others.},\nbooktitle = {19th International Conference on Mobile and Ubiquitous Multimedia},\npages = {13–17},\nnumpages = {5},\nkeywords = {Spontaneous device association, earable, motion coupling.},\nlocation = {Essen, Germany},\nseries = {MUM 2020}\n}\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  Earables, earphones augmented with inertial sensors and real-time data accessibility, provide the opportunity for private audio channels in public settings. One of the main challenges of achieving this goal is to correctly associate which device belongs to which user without prior information. In this paper, we explore how motion of an earable, as measured by the on-board accelerometer, can be correlated against detected faces from a webcam to accurately match which user is wearing the device. We conduct a data collection and explore which type of user movement can be accurately detected using this approach, and investigate how varying the speed of the movement affects detection rates. Our results show that the approach achieves greater detection results for faster movements, and that it can differentiate the same movement across different participants with a detection rate of 86%, increasing to 92% when differentiating a movement against others.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"sidenmark-mardanbegi-gomez-clarke-gellersen-bimodalgazeseamlesslyrefinedpointingwithgazeandfilteredgesturalheadmovement-2020\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1145/3379155.3391312\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'sidenmark-mardanbegi-gomez-clarke-gellersen-bimodalgazeseamlesslyrefinedpointingwithgazeandfilteredgesturalheadmovement-2020', 'https://doi.org/10.1145/3379155.3391312', event);\">\n    BimodalGaze: Seamlessly Refined Pointing with Gaze and Filtered Gestural Head Movement.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Sidenmark, L., Mardanbegi, D., Gomez, A. R., <a class=\"bibbase author link\" href=\"https://christopherclarke.net/research.html\">Clarke, C.</a>,  &amp; Gellersen, H.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  In <i>ACM Symposium on Eye Tracking Research and Applications</i>, of <i>ETRA '20 Full Papers</i>, New York, NY, USA,  2020. Association for Computing Machinery\n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1145/3379155.3391312\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('sidenmark-mardanbegi-gomez-clarke-gellersen-bimodalgazeseamlesslyrefinedpointingwithgazeandfilteredgesturalheadmovement-2020', 'https://doi.org/10.1145/3379155.3391312', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"BimodalGaze: Seamlessly Refined Pointing with Gaze and Filtered Gestural Head Movement [link]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.org/10.1145/3379155.3391312\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('sidenmark-mardanbegi-gomez-clarke-gellersen-bimodalgazeseamlesslyrefinedpointingwithgazeandfilteredgesturalheadmovement-2020', 'http://doi.org/10.1145/3379155.3391312', event.ctrlKey)\"\n     class=\"bibbase doi link\">\n    <span>doi</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/sidenmark-mardanbegi-gomez-clarke-gellersen-bimodalgazeseamlesslyrefinedpointingwithgazeandfilteredgesturalheadmovement-2020\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('sidenmark-mardanbegi-gomez-clarke-gellersen-bimodalgazeseamlesslyrefinedpointingwithgazeandfilteredgesturalheadmovement-2020')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@inproceedings{10.1145/3379155.3391312,\nauthor = {Sidenmark, Ludwig and Mardanbegi, Diako and Gomez, Argenis Ramirez and Clarke, Christopher and Gellersen, Hans},\ntitle = {BimodalGaze: Seamlessly Refined Pointing with Gaze and Filtered Gestural Head Movement},\nyear = {2020},\nisbn = {9781450371339},\npublisher = {Association for Computing Machinery},\naddress = {New York, NY, USA},\nurl = {https://doi.org/10.1145/3379155.3391312},\ndoi = {10.1145/3379155.3391312},\nabstract = {Eye gaze is a fast and ergonomic modality for pointing but limited in precision and\naccuracy. In this work, we introduce BimodalGaze, a novel technique for seamless head-based\nrefinement of a gaze cursor. The technique leverages eye-head coordination insights\nto separate natural from gestural head movement. This allows users to quickly shift\ntheir gaze to targets over larger fields of view with naturally combined eye-head\nmovement, and to refine the cursor position with gestural head movement. In contrast\nto an existing baseline, head refinement is invoked automatically, and only if a target\nis not already acquired by the initial gaze shift. Study results show that users reliably\nachieve fine-grained target selection, but we observed a higher rate of initial selection\nerrors affecting overall performance. An in-depth analysis of user performance provides\ninsight into the classification of natural versus gestural head movement, for improvement\nof BimodalGaze and other potential applications. },\nbooktitle = {ACM Symposium on Eye Tracking Research and Applications},\narticleno = {8},\nnumpages = {9},\nkeywords = {Gaze interaction, Eye tracking, Refinement, Virtual reality, Eye-head coordination},\nlocation = {Stuttgart, Germany},\nseries = {ETRA &#x27;20 Full Papers}\n}\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  Eye gaze is a fast and ergonomic modality for pointing but limited in precision and accuracy. In this work, we introduce BimodalGaze, a novel technique for seamless head-based refinement of a gaze cursor. The technique leverages eye-head coordination insights to separate natural from gestural head movement. This allows users to quickly shift their gaze to targets over larger fields of view with naturally combined eye-head movement, and to refine the cursor position with gestural head movement. In contrast to an existing baseline, head refinement is invoked automatically, and only if a target is not already acquired by the initial gaze shift. Study results show that users reliably achieve fine-grained target selection, but we observed a higher rate of initial selection errors affecting overall performance. An in-depth analysis of user performance provides insight into the classification of natural versus gestural head movement, for improvement of BimodalGaze and other potential applications. \n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"sidenmark-clarke-zhang-phu-gellersen-outlinepursuitsgazeassistedselectionofoccludedobjectsinvirtualreality-2020\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1145/3313831.3376438\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'sidenmark-clarke-zhang-phu-gellersen-outlinepursuitsgazeassistedselectionofoccludedobjectsinvirtualreality-2020', 'https://doi.org/10.1145/3313831.3376438', event);\">\n    Outline Pursuits: Gaze-Assisted Selection of Occluded Objects in Virtual Reality.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Sidenmark, L., <a class=\"bibbase author link\" href=\"https://christopherclarke.net/research.html\">Clarke, C.</a>, Zhang, X., Phu, J.,  &amp; Gellersen, H.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  In <i>Proceedings of the 2020 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems</i>, of <i>CHI '20</i>, pages 1–13, New York, NY, USA,  2020. Association for Computing Machinery\n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1145/3313831.3376438\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('sidenmark-clarke-zhang-phu-gellersen-outlinepursuitsgazeassistedselectionofoccludedobjectsinvirtualreality-2020', 'https://doi.org/10.1145/3313831.3376438', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"Outline Pursuits: Gaze-Assisted Selection of Occluded Objects in Virtual Reality [link]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.org/10.1145/3313831.3376438\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('sidenmark-clarke-zhang-phu-gellersen-outlinepursuitsgazeassistedselectionofoccludedobjectsinvirtualreality-2020', 'http://doi.org/10.1145/3313831.3376438', event.ctrlKey)\"\n     class=\"bibbase doi link\">\n    <span>doi</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/sidenmark-clarke-zhang-phu-gellersen-outlinepursuitsgazeassistedselectionofoccludedobjectsinvirtualreality-2020\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('sidenmark-clarke-zhang-phu-gellersen-outlinepursuitsgazeassistedselectionofoccludedobjectsinvirtualreality-2020')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@inproceedings{10.1145/3313831.3376438,\nauthor = {Sidenmark, Ludwig and Clarke, Christopher and Zhang, Xuesong and Phu, Jenny and Gellersen, Hans},\ntitle = {Outline Pursuits: Gaze-Assisted Selection of Occluded Objects in Virtual Reality},\nyear = {2020},\nisbn = {9781450367080},\npublisher = {Association for Computing Machinery},\naddress = {New York, NY, USA},\nurl = {https://doi.org/10.1145/3313831.3376438},\ndoi = {10.1145/3313831.3376438},\nabstract = {In 3D environments, objects can be difficult to select when they overlap, as this\naffects available target area and increases selection ambiguity. We introduce Outline\nPursuits which extends a primary pointing modality for gaze-assisted selection of\noccluded objects. Candidate targets within a pointing cone are presented with an outline\nthat is traversed by a moving stimulus. This affords completion of the selection by\ngaze attention to the intended target&#x27;s outline motion, detected by matching the user&#x27;s\nsmooth pursuit eye movement. We demonstrate two techniques implemented based on the\nconcept, one with a controller as the primary pointer, and one in which Outline Pursuits\nare combined with head pointing for hands-free selection. Compared with conventional\nraycasting, the techniques require less movement for selection as users do not need\nto reposition themselves for a better line of sight, and selection time and accuracy\nare less affected when targets become highly occluded.},\nbooktitle = {Proceedings of the 2020 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems},\npages = {1–13},\nnumpages = {13},\nkeywords = {eye tracking, occlusion, smooth pursuits, virtual reality},\nlocation = {Honolulu, HI, USA},\nseries = {CHI &#x27;20}\n}\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  In 3D environments, objects can be difficult to select when they overlap, as this affects available target area and increases selection ambiguity. We introduce Outline Pursuits which extends a primary pointing modality for gaze-assisted selection of occluded objects. Candidate targets within a pointing cone are presented with an outline that is traversed by a moving stimulus. This affords completion of the selection by gaze attention to the intended target's outline motion, detected by matching the user's smooth pursuit eye movement. We demonstrate two techniques implemented based on the concept, one with a controller as the primary pointer, and one in which Outline Pursuits are combined with head pointing for hands-free selection. Compared with conventional raycasting, the techniques require less movement for selection as users do not need to reposition themselves for a better line of sight, and selection time and accuracy are less affected when targets become highly occluded.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"clarke-dynamicmotioncouplingofbodymovementforinputcontrol-2020\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  Dynamic motion coupling of body movement for input control.\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  <a class=\"bibbase author link\" href=\"https://christopherclarke.net/research.html\">Clarke, C.</a>\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  Lancaster University (United Kingdom),  2020.\n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/clarke-dynamicmotioncouplingofbodymovementforinputcontrol-2020\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('clarke-dynamicmotioncouplingofbodymovementforinputcontrol-2020')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@book{clarke2020dynamic,\n  title={Dynamic motion coupling of body movement for input control},\n  author={Clarke, Christopher},\n  year={2020},\n  publisher={Lancaster University (United Kingdom)}\n}\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n\n\n\n    </div>\n  </div>\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_group_whole\" id=\"group_2019\">\n    <div class=\"bibbase_group\"\n      onclick=\"toggleGroup('group_2019')\"\n      onkeypress=\"toggleGroup('group_2019')\"\n      tabindex=\"0\">\n      <i class=\"fa fa-angle-down bibbase_group_head_icon\"></i>&nbsp;\n      <span>2019</span>\n      <span class=\"bibbase_group_count\">\n        \n        (1)\n        \n      </span>\n    </div>\n    <div class=\"bibbase_group_body\">\n      \n  \n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"mardanbegi-clarke-gellersen-monoculargazedepthestimationusingthevestibuloocularreflex-2019\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1145/3314111.3319822\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'mardanbegi-clarke-gellersen-monoculargazedepthestimationusingthevestibuloocularreflex-2019', 'https://doi.org/10.1145/3314111.3319822', event);\">\n    Monocular Gaze Depth Estimation Using the Vestibulo-Ocular Reflex.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Mardanbegi, D., <a class=\"bibbase author link\" href=\"https://christopherclarke.net/research.html\">Clarke, C.</a>,  &amp; Gellersen, H.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  In <i>Proceedings of the 11th ACM Symposium on Eye Tracking Research &amp; Applications</i>, of <i>ETRA '19</i>, New York, NY, USA,  2019. Association for Computing Machinery\n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1145/3314111.3319822\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('mardanbegi-clarke-gellersen-monoculargazedepthestimationusingthevestibuloocularreflex-2019', 'https://doi.org/10.1145/3314111.3319822', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"Monocular Gaze Depth Estimation Using the Vestibulo-Ocular Reflex [link]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.org/10.1145/3314111.3319822\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('mardanbegi-clarke-gellersen-monoculargazedepthestimationusingthevestibuloocularreflex-2019', 'http://doi.org/10.1145/3314111.3319822', event.ctrlKey)\"\n     class=\"bibbase doi link\">\n    <span>doi</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/mardanbegi-clarke-gellersen-monoculargazedepthestimationusingthevestibuloocularreflex-2019\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('mardanbegi-clarke-gellersen-monoculargazedepthestimationusingthevestibuloocularreflex-2019')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@inproceedings{10.1145/3314111.3319822,\nauthor = {Mardanbegi, Diako and Clarke, Christopher and Gellersen, Hans},\ntitle = {Monocular Gaze Depth Estimation Using the Vestibulo-Ocular Reflex},\nyear = {2019},\nisbn = {9781450367097},\npublisher = {Association for Computing Machinery},\naddress = {New York, NY, USA},\nurl = {https://doi.org/10.1145/3314111.3319822},\ndoi = {10.1145/3314111.3319822},\nabstract = {Gaze depth estimation presents a challenge for eye tracking in 3D. This work investigates\na novel approach to the problem based on eye movement mediated by the vestibulo-ocular\nreflex (VOR). VOR stabilises gaze on a target during head movement, with eye movement\nin the opposite direction, and the VOR gain increases the closer the fixated target\nis to the viewer. We present a theoretical analysis of the relationship between VOR\ngain and depth which we investigate with empirical data collected in a user study\n(N=10). We show that VOR gain can be captured using pupil centres, and propose and\nevaluate a practical method for gaze depth estimation based on a generic function\nof VOR gain and two-point depth calibration. The results show that VOR gain is comparable\nwith vergence in capturing depth while only requiring one eye, and provide insight\ninto open challenges in harnessing VOR gain as a robust measure.},\nbooktitle = {Proceedings of the 11th ACM Symposium on Eye Tracking Research &amp;amp; Applications},\narticleno = {20},\nnumpages = {9},\nkeywords = {eye movement, eye tracking, 3D gaze estimation, fixation depth, VOR, gaze depth estimation},\nlocation = {Denver, Colorado},\nseries = {ETRA &#x27;19}\n}\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  Gaze depth estimation presents a challenge for eye tracking in 3D. This work investigates a novel approach to the problem based on eye movement mediated by the vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR). VOR stabilises gaze on a target during head movement, with eye movement in the opposite direction, and the VOR gain increases the closer the fixated target is to the viewer. We present a theoretical analysis of the relationship between VOR gain and depth which we investigate with empirical data collected in a user study (N=10). We show that VOR gain can be captured using pupil centres, and propose and evaluate a practical method for gaze depth estimation based on a generic function of VOR gain and two-point depth calibration. The results show that VOR gain is comparable with vergence in capturing depth while only requiring one eye, and provide insight into open challenges in harnessing VOR gain as a robust measure.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n\n\n\n    </div>\n  </div>\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_group_whole\" id=\"group_2017\">\n    <div class=\"bibbase_group\"\n      onclick=\"toggleGroup('group_2017')\"\n      onkeypress=\"toggleGroup('group_2017')\"\n      tabindex=\"0\">\n      <i class=\"fa fa-angle-down bibbase_group_head_icon\"></i>&nbsp;\n      <span>2017</span>\n      <span class=\"bibbase_group_count\">\n        \n        (4)\n        \n      </span>\n    </div>\n    <div class=\"bibbase_group_body\">\n      \n  \n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"clarke-gellersen-matchpointspontaneousspatialcouplingofbodymovementfortouchlesspointing-2017\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1145/3126594.3126626\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'clarke-gellersen-matchpointspontaneousspatialcouplingofbodymovementfortouchlesspointing-2017', 'https://doi.org/10.1145/3126594.3126626', event);\">\n    MatchPoint: Spontaneous Spatial Coupling of Body Movement for Touchless Pointing.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  <a class=\"bibbase author link\" href=\"https://christopherclarke.net/research.html\">Clarke, C.</a>,  &amp; Gellersen, H.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  In <i>Proceedings of the 30th Annual ACM Symposium on User Interface Software and Technology</i>, of <i>UIST '17</i>, pages 179–192, New York, NY, USA,  2017. Association for Computing Machinery\n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1145/3126594.3126626\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('clarke-gellersen-matchpointspontaneousspatialcouplingofbodymovementfortouchlesspointing-2017', 'https://doi.org/10.1145/3126594.3126626', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"MatchPoint: Spontaneous Spatial Coupling of Body Movement for Touchless Pointing [link]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.org/10.1145/3126594.3126626\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('clarke-gellersen-matchpointspontaneousspatialcouplingofbodymovementfortouchlesspointing-2017', 'http://doi.org/10.1145/3126594.3126626', event.ctrlKey)\"\n     class=\"bibbase doi link\">\n    <span>doi</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/clarke-gellersen-matchpointspontaneousspatialcouplingofbodymovementfortouchlesspointing-2017\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('clarke-gellersen-matchpointspontaneousspatialcouplingofbodymovementfortouchlesspointing-2017')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@inproceedings{10.1145/3126594.3126626,\nauthor = {Clarke, Christopher and Gellersen, Hans},\ntitle = {MatchPoint: Spontaneous Spatial Coupling of Body Movement for Touchless Pointing},\nyear = {2017},\nisbn = {9781450349819},\npublisher = {Association for Computing Machinery},\naddress = {New York, NY, USA},\nurl = {https://doi.org/10.1145/3126594.3126626},\ndoi = {10.1145/3126594.3126626},\nabstract = {Pointing is a fundamental interaction technique where user movement is translated\nto spatial input on a display. Conventionally, this is based on a rigid configuration\nof a display coupled with a pointing device that determines the types of movement\nthat can be sensed, and the specific ways users can affect pointer input. Spontaneous\nspatial coupling is a novel input technique that instead allows any body movement,\nor movement of tangible objects, to be appropriated for touchless pointing on an ad\nhoc basis. Pointer acquisition is facilitated by the display presenting graphical\nobjects in motion, to which users can synchronise to define a temporary spatial coupling\nwith the body part or tangible object they used in the process. The technique can\nbe deployed using minimal hardware, as demonstrated by MatchPoint, a generic computer\nvision-based implementation of the technique that requires only a webcam. We explore\nthe design space of spontaneous spatial coupling, demonstrate the versatility of the\ntechnique with application examples, and evaluate MatchPoint performance using a multi-directional\npointing task.},\nbooktitle = {Proceedings of the 30th Annual ACM Symposium on User Interface Software and Technology},\npages = {179–192},\nnumpages = {14},\nkeywords = {vison-based interfaces, computer vision, gesture input, pointing, input techniques, touchless input, user input, bodily interaction, motion-matching},\nlocation = {Qu\\&#x27;{e}bec City, QC, Canada},\nseries = {UIST &#x27;17}\n}\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  Pointing is a fundamental interaction technique where user movement is translated to spatial input on a display. Conventionally, this is based on a rigid configuration of a display coupled with a pointing device that determines the types of movement that can be sensed, and the specific ways users can affect pointer input. Spontaneous spatial coupling is a novel input technique that instead allows any body movement, or movement of tangible objects, to be appropriated for touchless pointing on an ad hoc basis. Pointer acquisition is facilitated by the display presenting graphical objects in motion, to which users can synchronise to define a temporary spatial coupling with the body part or tangible object they used in the process. The technique can be deployed using minimal hardware, as demonstrated by MatchPoint, a generic computer vision-based implementation of the technique that requires only a webcam. We explore the design space of spontaneous spatial coupling, demonstrate the versatility of the technique with application examples, and evaluate MatchPoint performance using a multi-directional pointing task.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"clarke-bellino-esteves-gellersen-remotecontrolbybodymovementinsynchronywithorbitingwidgetsanevaluationoftracematch-2017\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1145/3130910\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'clarke-bellino-esteves-gellersen-remotecontrolbybodymovementinsynchronywithorbitingwidgetsanevaluationoftracematch-2017', 'https://doi.org/10.1145/3130910', event);\">\n    Remote Control by Body Movement in Synchrony with Orbiting Widgets: An Evaluation of TraceMatch.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  <a class=\"bibbase author link\" href=\"https://christopherclarke.net/research.html\">Clarke, C.</a>, Bellino, A., Esteves, A.,  &amp; Gellersen, H.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  <i>Proc. ACM Interact. Mob. Wearable Ubiquitous Technol.</i>, 1(3). September 2017.\n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1145/3130910\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('clarke-bellino-esteves-gellersen-remotecontrolbybodymovementinsynchronywithorbitingwidgetsanevaluationoftracematch-2017', 'https://doi.org/10.1145/3130910', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"Remote Control by Body Movement in Synchrony with Orbiting Widgets: An Evaluation of TraceMatch [link]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.org/10.1145/3130910\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('clarke-bellino-esteves-gellersen-remotecontrolbybodymovementinsynchronywithorbitingwidgetsanevaluationoftracematch-2017', 'http://doi.org/10.1145/3130910', event.ctrlKey)\"\n     class=\"bibbase doi link\">\n    <span>doi</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/clarke-bellino-esteves-gellersen-remotecontrolbybodymovementinsynchronywithorbitingwidgetsanevaluationoftracematch-2017\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('clarke-bellino-esteves-gellersen-remotecontrolbybodymovementinsynchronywithorbitingwidgetsanevaluationoftracematch-2017')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@article{10.1145/3130910,\nauthor = {Clarke, Christopher and Bellino, Alessio and Esteves, Augusto and Gellersen, Hans},\ntitle = {Remote Control by Body Movement in Synchrony with Orbiting Widgets: An Evaluation of TraceMatch},\nyear = {2017},\nissue_date = {September 2017},\npublisher = {Association for Computing Machinery},\naddress = {New York, NY, USA},\nvolume = {1},\nnumber = {3},\nurl = {https://doi.org/10.1145/3130910},\ndoi = {10.1145/3130910},\nabstract = {In this work we consider how users can use body movement for remote control with minimal\neffort and maximum flexibility. TraceMatch is a novel technique where the interface\ndisplays available controls as circular widgets with orbiting targets, and where users\ncan trigger a control by mimicking the displayed motion. The technique uses computer\nvision to detect circular motion as a uniform type of input, but is highly appropriable\nas users can produce matching motion with any part of their body. We present three\nstudies that investigate input performance with different parts of the body, user\npreferences, and spontaneous choice of movements for input in realistic application\nscenarios. The results show that users can provide effective input with their head,\nhands and while holding objects, that multiple controls can be effectively distinguished\nby the difference in presented phase and direction of movement, and that users choose\nand switch modes of input seamlessly.},\njournal = {Proc. ACM Interact. Mob. Wearable Ubiquitous Technol.},\nmonth = sep,\narticleno = {45},\nnumpages = {22},\nkeywords = {Gesture input, Movement correlation, Motion matching, Computer vision, Input techniques, Remote control, User input, Motion correlation, Path mimicry, User evaluation, Vision-based interfaces}\n}\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  In this work we consider how users can use body movement for remote control with minimal effort and maximum flexibility. TraceMatch is a novel technique where the interface displays available controls as circular widgets with orbiting targets, and where users can trigger a control by mimicking the displayed motion. The technique uses computer vision to detect circular motion as a uniform type of input, but is highly appropriable as users can produce matching motion with any part of their body. We present three studies that investigate input performance with different parts of the body, user preferences, and spontaneous choice of movements for input in realistic application scenarios. The results show that users can provide effective input with their head, hands and while holding objects, that multiple controls can be effectively distinguished by the difference in presented phase and direction of movement, and that users choose and switch modes of input seamlessly.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"velloso-carter-newn-esteves-clarke-gellersen-motioncorrelationselectingobjectsbymatchingtheirmovement-2017\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1145/3064937\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'velloso-carter-newn-esteves-clarke-gellersen-motioncorrelationselectingobjectsbymatchingtheirmovement-2017', 'https://doi.org/10.1145/3064937', event);\">\n    Motion Correlation: Selecting Objects by Matching Their Movement.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Velloso, E., Carter, M., Newn, J., Esteves, A., <a class=\"bibbase author link\" href=\"https://christopherclarke.net/research.html\">Clarke, C.</a>,  &amp; Gellersen, H.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  <i>ACM Trans. Comput.-Hum. Interact.</i>, 24(3). April 2017.\n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1145/3064937\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('velloso-carter-newn-esteves-clarke-gellersen-motioncorrelationselectingobjectsbymatchingtheirmovement-2017', 'https://doi.org/10.1145/3064937', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"Motion Correlation: Selecting Objects by Matching Their Movement [link]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.org/10.1145/3064937\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('velloso-carter-newn-esteves-clarke-gellersen-motioncorrelationselectingobjectsbymatchingtheirmovement-2017', 'http://doi.org/10.1145/3064937', event.ctrlKey)\"\n     class=\"bibbase doi link\">\n    <span>doi</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/velloso-carter-newn-esteves-clarke-gellersen-motioncorrelationselectingobjectsbymatchingtheirmovement-2017\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('velloso-carter-newn-esteves-clarke-gellersen-motioncorrelationselectingobjectsbymatchingtheirmovement-2017')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@article{10.1145/3064937,\nauthor = {Velloso, Eduardo and Carter, Marcus and Newn, Joshua and Esteves, Augusto and Clarke, Christopher and Gellersen, Hans},\ntitle = {Motion Correlation: Selecting Objects by Matching Their Movement},\nyear = {2017},\nissue_date = {July 2017},\npublisher = {Association for Computing Machinery},\naddress = {New York, NY, USA},\nvolume = {24},\nnumber = {3},\nissn = {1073-0516},\nurl = {https://doi.org/10.1145/3064937},\ndoi = {10.1145/3064937},\nabstract = {Selection is a canonical task in user interfaces, commonly supported by presenting\nobjects for acquisition by pointing. In this article, we consider motion correlation\nas an alternative for selection. The principle is to represent available objects by\nmotion in the interface, have users identify a target by mimicking its specific motion,\nand use the correlation between the system’s output with the user’s input to determine\nthe selection. The resulting interaction has compelling properties, as users are guided\nby motion feedback, and only need to copy a presented motion. Motion correlation has\nbeen explored in earlier work but only recently begun to feature in holistic interface\ndesigns. We provide a first comprehensive review of the principle, and present an\nanalysis of five previously published works, in which motion correlation underpinned\nthe design of novel gaze and gesture interfaces for diverse application contexts.\nWe derive guidelines for motion correlation algorithms, motion feedback, choice of\nmodalities, overall design of motion correlation interfaces, and identify opportunities\nand challenges identified for future research and design.},\njournal = {ACM Trans. Comput.-Hum. Interact.},\nmonth = apr,\narticleno = {22},\nnumpages = {35},\nkeywords = {motion tracking, natural user interfaces, gesture interfaces, gaze interaction, Motion correlation, interaction techniques, eye tracking}\n}\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  Selection is a canonical task in user interfaces, commonly supported by presenting objects for acquisition by pointing. In this article, we consider motion correlation as an alternative for selection. The principle is to represent available objects by motion in the interface, have users identify a target by mimicking its specific motion, and use the correlation between the system’s output with the user’s input to determine the selection. The resulting interaction has compelling properties, as users are guided by motion feedback, and only need to copy a presented motion. Motion correlation has been explored in earlier work but only recently begun to feature in holistic interface designs. We provide a first comprehensive review of the principle, and present an analysis of five previously published works, in which motion correlation underpinned the design of novel gaze and gesture interfaces for diverse application contexts. We derive guidelines for motion correlation algorithms, motion feedback, choice of modalities, overall design of motion correlation interfaces, and identify opportunities and challenges identified for future research and design.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"angelov-sadeghitehran-clarke-auroraautonomousrealtimeonboardvideoanalytics-2017\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  AURORA: autonomous real-time on-board video analytics.\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Angelov, P., Sadeghi Tehran, P.,  &amp; <a class=\"bibbase author link\" href=\"https://christopherclarke.net/research.html\">Clarke, C.</a>\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  <i>Neural Computing and Applications</i>, 28(5): 855–865.  2017.\n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/angelov-sadeghitehran-clarke-auroraautonomousrealtimeonboardvideoanalytics-2017\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('angelov-sadeghitehran-clarke-auroraautonomousrealtimeonboardvideoanalytics-2017')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@article{angelov2017aurora,\n  title={AURORA: autonomous real-time on-board video analytics},\n  author={Angelov, Plamen and Sadeghi Tehran, Pouria and Clarke, Christopher},\n  journal={Neural Computing and Applications},\n  volume={28},\n  number={5},\n  pages={855--865},\n  year={2017}\n}\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n\n\n\n    </div>\n  </div>\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_group_whole\" id=\"group_2016\">\n    <div class=\"bibbase_group\"\n      onclick=\"toggleGroup('group_2016')\"\n      onkeypress=\"toggleGroup('group_2016')\"\n      tabindex=\"0\">\n      <i class=\"fa fa-angle-down bibbase_group_head_icon\"></i>&nbsp;\n      <span>2016</span>\n      <span class=\"bibbase_group_count\">\n        \n        (1)\n        \n      </span>\n    </div>\n    <div class=\"bibbase_group_body\">\n      \n  \n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"clarke-bellino-esteves-velloso-gellersen-tracematchacomputervisiontechniqueforuserinputbytracingofanimatedcontrols-2016\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1145/2971648.2971714\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'clarke-bellino-esteves-velloso-gellersen-tracematchacomputervisiontechniqueforuserinputbytracingofanimatedcontrols-2016', 'https://doi.org/10.1145/2971648.2971714', event);\">\n    TraceMatch: A Computer Vision Technique for User Input by Tracing of Animated Controls.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  <a class=\"bibbase author link\" href=\"https://christopherclarke.net/research.html\">Clarke, C.</a>, Bellino, A., Esteves, A., Velloso, E.,  &amp; Gellersen, H.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  In <i>Proceedings of the 2016 ACM International Joint Conference on Pervasive and Ubiquitous Computing</i>, of <i>UbiComp '16</i>, pages 298–303, New York, NY, USA,  2016. Association for Computing Machinery\n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1145/2971648.2971714\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('clarke-bellino-esteves-velloso-gellersen-tracematchacomputervisiontechniqueforuserinputbytracingofanimatedcontrols-2016', 'https://doi.org/10.1145/2971648.2971714', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"TraceMatch: A Computer Vision Technique for User Input by Tracing of Animated Controls [link]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.org/10.1145/2971648.2971714\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('clarke-bellino-esteves-velloso-gellersen-tracematchacomputervisiontechniqueforuserinputbytracingofanimatedcontrols-2016', 'http://doi.org/10.1145/2971648.2971714', event.ctrlKey)\"\n     class=\"bibbase doi link\">\n    <span>doi</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/clarke-bellino-esteves-velloso-gellersen-tracematchacomputervisiontechniqueforuserinputbytracingofanimatedcontrols-2016\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <span class=\"bibbase_stats_paper\" style=\"color: #777;\">\n    <span>1 download</span>\n  </span>\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('clarke-bellino-esteves-velloso-gellersen-tracematchacomputervisiontechniqueforuserinputbytracingofanimatedcontrols-2016')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@inproceedings{10.1145/2971648.2971714,\nauthor = {Clarke, Christopher and Bellino, Alessio and Esteves, Augusto and Velloso, Eduardo and Gellersen, Hans},\ntitle = {TraceMatch: A Computer Vision Technique for User Input by Tracing of Animated Controls},\nyear = {2016},\nisbn = {9781450344616},\npublisher = {Association for Computing Machinery},\naddress = {New York, NY, USA},\nurl = {https://doi.org/10.1145/2971648.2971714},\ndoi = {10.1145/2971648.2971714},\nabstract = {Recent works have explored the concept of movement correlation interfaces, in which\nmoving objects can be selected by matching the movement of the input device to that\nof the desired object. Previous techniques relied on a single modality (e.g. gaze\nor mid-air gestures) and specific hardware to issue commands. TraceMatch is a computer\nvision technique that enables input by movement correlation while abstracting from\nany particular input modality. The technique relies only on a conventional webcam\nto enable users to produce matching gestures with any given body parts, even whilst\nholding objects. We describe an implementation of the technique for acquisition of\norbiting targets, evaluate algorithm performance for different target sizes and frequencies,\nand demonstrate use of the technique for remote control of graphical as well as physical\nobjects with different body parts.},\nbooktitle = {Proceedings of the 2016 ACM International Joint Conference on Pervasive and Ubiquitous Computing},\npages = {298–303},\nnumpages = {6},\nkeywords = {vision-based interfaces, path mimicry, remote control, input techniques, motion matching, computer vision, ubiquitous computing, gesture input, user input},\nlocation = {Heidelberg, Germany},\nseries = {UbiComp &#x27;16}\n}\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  Recent works have explored the concept of movement correlation interfaces, in which moving objects can be selected by matching the movement of the input device to that of the desired object. Previous techniques relied on a single modality (e.g. gaze or mid-air gestures) and specific hardware to issue commands. TraceMatch is a computer vision technique that enables input by movement correlation while abstracting from any particular input modality. The technique relies only on a conventional webcam to enable users to produce matching gestures with any given body parts, even whilst holding objects. We describe an implementation of the technique for acquisition of orbiting targets, evaluate algorithm performance for different target sizes and frequencies, and demonstrate use of the technique for remote control of graphical as well as physical objects with different body parts.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n\n\n\n    </div>\n  </div>\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_group_whole\" id=\"group_2015\">\n    <div class=\"bibbase_group\"\n      onclick=\"toggleGroup('group_2015')\"\n      onkeypress=\"toggleGroup('group_2015')\"\n      tabindex=\"0\">\n      <i class=\"fa fa-angle-down bibbase_group_head_icon\"></i>&nbsp;\n      <span>2015</span>\n      <span class=\"bibbase_group_count\">\n        \n        (1)\n        \n      </span>\n    </div>\n    <div class=\"bibbase_group_body\">\n      \n  \n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"sas-challioner-clarke-wilson-coman-clinch-harding-davies-selfdefiningmemorycuescreativeexpressionandemotionalmeaning-2015\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1145/2702613.2732842\"\n     onclick=\"return trackOutboundLink('publications', 'click', 'sas-challioner-clarke-wilson-coman-clinch-harding-davies-selfdefiningmemorycuescreativeexpressionandemotionalmeaning-2015', 'https://doi.org/10.1145/2702613.2732842', event);\">\n    Self-Defining Memory Cues: Creative Expression and Emotional Meaning.\n  </a>\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Sas, C., Challioner, S., <a class=\"bibbase author link\" href=\"https://christopherclarke.net/research.html\">Clarke, C.</a>, Wilson, R., Coman, A., Clinch, S., Harding, M.,  &amp; Davies, N.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  In <i>Proceedings of the 33rd Annual ACM Conference Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems</i>, of <i>CHI EA '15</i>, pages 2013–2018, New York, NY, USA,  2015. Association for Computing Machinery\n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n  <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1145/2702613.2732842\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('sas-challioner-clarke-wilson-coman-clinch-harding-davies-selfdefiningmemorycuescreativeexpressionandemotionalmeaning-2015', 'https://doi.org/10.1145/2702613.2732842', event.ctrlKey, event)\">\n    <img src=\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg\"\n\t     alt=\"Self-Defining Memory Cues: Creative Expression and Emotional Meaning [link]\"\n       title=\"Paper\"\n\t     class=\"bibbase_icon\"\n         ><span class=\"bibbase_icon_text\">Paper</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"http://doi.org/10.1145/2702613.2732842\"\n     onclick=\"log_download('sas-challioner-clarke-wilson-coman-clinch-harding-davies-selfdefiningmemorycuescreativeexpressionandemotionalmeaning-2015', 'http://doi.org/10.1145/2702613.2732842', event.ctrlKey)\"\n     class=\"bibbase doi link\">\n    <span>doi</span></a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/sas-challioner-clarke-wilson-coman-clinch-harding-davies-selfdefiningmemorycuescreativeexpressionandemotionalmeaning-2015\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n  &nbsp;\n  <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n     href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showAbstract(event); return false;\">\n    abstract <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('sas-challioner-clarke-wilson-coman-clinch-harding-davies-selfdefiningmemorycuescreativeexpressionandemotionalmeaning-2015')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@inproceedings{10.1145/2702613.2732842,\nauthor = {Sas, Corina and Challioner, Scott and Clarke, Christopher and Wilson, Ross and Coman, Alina and Clinch, Sarah and Harding, Mike and Davies, Nigel},\ntitle = {Self-Defining Memory Cues: Creative Expression and Emotional Meaning},\nyear = {2015},\nisbn = {9781450331463},\npublisher = {Association for Computing Machinery},\naddress = {New York, NY, USA},\nurl = {https://doi.org/10.1145/2702613.2732842},\ndoi = {10.1145/2702613.2732842},\nabstract = {This paper explores how people generate cues for capturing personal meaningful daily\nevents, which can be used for later recall. Such understanding can be explored to\ninform the design and development of personal informatics systems, aimed to support\nreflection and increased self-awareness. We describe a diary study with six participants\nand discuss initial findings showing the qualities of daily meaningful events, the\nvalue of different types of cues and their distinct contents for supporting episodic\nrecall.},\nbooktitle = {Proceedings of the 33rd Annual ACM Conference Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems},\npages = {2013–2018},\nnumpages = {6},\nkeywords = {emotions, meaningful daily events, doodling, creativity, episodic memory recall, self-generated cues},\nlocation = {Seoul, Republic of Korea},\nseries = {CHI EA &#x27;15}\n}\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"abstract\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  This paper explores how people generate cues for capturing personal meaningful daily events, which can be used for later recall. Such understanding can be explored to inform the design and development of personal informatics systems, aimed to support reflection and increased self-awareness. We describe a diary study with six participants and discuss initial findings showing the qualities of daily meaningful events, the value of different types of cues and their distinct contents for supporting episodic recall.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n\n\n\n    </div>\n  </div>\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_group_whole\" id=\"group_2014\">\n    <div class=\"bibbase_group\"\n      onclick=\"toggleGroup('group_2014')\"\n      onkeypress=\"toggleGroup('group_2014')\"\n      tabindex=\"0\">\n      <i class=\"fa fa-angle-down bibbase_group_head_icon\"></i>&nbsp;\n      <span>2014</span>\n      <span class=\"bibbase_group_count\">\n        \n        (2)\n        \n      </span>\n    </div>\n    <div class=\"bibbase_group_body\">\n      \n  \n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"sadeghitehran-clarke-angelov-arealtimeapproachforautonomousdetectionandtrackingofmovingobjectsfromuav-2014\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  A real-time approach for autonomous detection and tracking of moving objects from UAV.\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  Sadeghi-Tehran, P., <a class=\"bibbase author link\" href=\"https://christopherclarke.net/research.html\">Clarke, C.</a>,  &amp; Angelov, P.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  In <i>2014 IEEE Symposium on Evolving and Autonomous Learning Systems (EALS)</i>, pages 43–49,  2014. IEEE\n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/sadeghitehran-clarke-angelov-arealtimeapproachforautonomousdetectionandtrackingofmovingobjectsfromuav-2014\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('sadeghitehran-clarke-angelov-arealtimeapproachforautonomousdetectionandtrackingofmovingobjectsfromuav-2014')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@inproceedings{sadeghi2014real,\n  title={A real-time approach for autonomous detection and tracking of moving objects from UAV},\n  author={Sadeghi-Tehran, Pouria and Clarke, Christopher and Angelov, Plamen},\n  booktitle={2014 IEEE Symposium on Evolving and Autonomous Learning Systems (EALS)},\n  pages={43--49},\n  year={2014},\n  organization={IEEE}\n}\n\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"bibbase_paper\" id=\"clarke-angelov-sarivasmartphoneappforrealtimeintelligentvideoanalytics-2014\">\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\n  \n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\">\n  \n  \n  \n  Sariva: Smartphone app for real-time intelligent video analytics.\n  \n  \n  \n</span>\n\n  <span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\n  <a class=\"bibbase author link\" href=\"https://christopherclarke.net/research.html\">Clarke, C.</a>,  &amp; Angelov, P.\n</span>\n\n  \n\n</span>\n\n  <i>Journal of Automation, Mobile Robotics and Intelligent Systems</i>,15–19.  2014.\n  <span class=\"note\"></span>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_note\"></span>\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content dontprint\">\n\n  \n\n  \n\n  \n  <a href=\"//bibbase.org/network/publication/clarke-angelov-sarivasmartphoneappforrealtimeintelligentvideoanalytics-2014\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibbase_page link\">link</a>\n  &nbsp;\n  \n\n  <a href=\"#\"\n     onclick=\"showBib(event); return false;\"\n     class=\"bibbase bibtex link\">bibtex\n    <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n\n  \n\n  \n\n  <!-- <a class=\"bibbase read link hidden\" -->\n  <!--    href=\"javascript:toggleRead('clarke-angelov-sarivasmartphoneappforrealtimeintelligentvideoanalytics-2014')\" -->\n  <!--    title=\"Marking this paper as read adds it to your library on BibBase.\" -->\n  <!--    > -->\n  <!--   <i class=\"fa fa-check\"></i>&nbsp; -->\n  <!--   <span>mark as read</span> -->\n  <!-- </a> -->\n\n  &nbsp;\n  \n  \n\n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" data-type=\"bibtex\"\n     style=\"display:none\">\n  <pre style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\">@article{clarke2014sariva,\n  title={Sariva: Smartphone app for real-time intelligent video analytics},\n  author={Clarke, Christopher and Angelov, Plamen},\n  journal={Journal of Automation, Mobile Robotics and Intelligent Systems},\n  pages={15--19},\n  year={2014}\n}\n</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n\n</div>\n\n\n\n\n\n    </div>\n  </div>\n\n\n\n\n  </div>\n\n\n  <!-- Modal -->\n\n  <!-- <iframe id=\"bibbase_network_frame\" -->\n  <!--         src=\"//bibbase.org/network/control\" -->\n  <!--         style=\"display: none;\"> -->\n  <!-- </iframe> -->\n\n</div>\n"}; document.write(bibbase_data.data);