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\n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Anatomical, Physical, Chemical, and Biological Durability Properties of Two Rattan Species of Different Diameter Classes.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Ahmed, S. A.; Hosseinpourpia, R.; Brischke, C.; and Adamopoulos, S.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n ,13. 2022.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{ahmed_anatomical_2022,\n\ttitle = {Anatomical, {Physical}, {Chemical}, and {Biological} {Durability} {Properties} of {Two} {Rattan} {Species} of {Different} {Diameter} {Classes}},\n\tabstract = {Rattan cane is an important forest product with economic value. Its anatomical, physical, and biological properties vary with the cane height. This makes it difficult to select the appropriate cane diameter for harvesting. Understanding the material properties of rattan cane with different diameter sizes is important to enhance its utilization and performance for different end uses. Thus, the present study was performed on two rattan species, Calamus zollingeri and Calamus ornatus, at two different cane heights (bottom/mature and top/juvenile). Calamus zollingeri was studied at diameter classes of 20 mm and 30 mm, while Calamus ornatus was analyzed at a diameter class of 15 mm. The anatomical properties, basic density, volumetric swelling, dynamic moisture sorption, and biological durability of rattan samples were studied. The results showed that C. zollingeri with a 20 mm diameter exhibited the highest basic density, hydrophobicity, dimensional stability, and durability against mold and white-rot (Trametes versicolor) fungi. As confirmed by anatomical studies, this could be due to the higher vascular bundle frequency and longer thick-walled fibers that led to a denser structure than in the other categories. In addition, the lignin content might have a positive effect on the mass loss of different rattan canes caused by white-rot decay.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tauthor = {Ahmed, Sheikh Ali and Hosseinpourpia, Reza and Brischke, Christian and Adamopoulos, Stergios},\n\tyear = {2022},\n\tkeywords = {basic density, white rot, mold, volumetric swelling, \\textit{Calamus ornatus}, \\textit{Calamus zollingeri}, dynamic vapor sorption},\n\tpages = {13},\n\tfile = {Ahmed et al. - 2022 - Anatomical, Physical, Chemical, and Biological Dur.pdf:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\maicher\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\YFEC9QWY\\\\Ahmed et al. - 2022 - Anatomical, Physical, Chemical, and Biological Dur.pdf:application/pdf;Full Text PDF:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\maicher\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\5YRCYHK9\\\\Ahmed et al. - 2022 - Anatomical, Physical, Chemical, and Biological Dur.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n\n\n Rattan cane is an important forest product with economic value. Its anatomical, physical, and biological properties vary with the cane height. This makes it difficult to select the appropriate cane diameter for harvesting. Understanding the material properties of rattan cane with different diameter sizes is important to enhance its utilization and performance for different end uses. Thus, the present study was performed on two rattan species, Calamus zollingeri and Calamus ornatus, at two different cane heights (bottom/mature and top/juvenile). Calamus zollingeri was studied at diameter classes of 20 mm and 30 mm, while Calamus ornatus was analyzed at a diameter class of 15 mm. The anatomical properties, basic density, volumetric swelling, dynamic moisture sorption, and biological durability of rattan samples were studied. The results showed that C. zollingeri with a 20 mm diameter exhibited the highest basic density, hydrophobicity, dimensional stability, and durability against mold and white-rot (Trametes versicolor) fungi. As confirmed by anatomical studies, this could be due to the higher vascular bundle frequency and longer thick-walled fibers that led to a denser structure than in the other categories. In addition, the lignin content might have a positive effect on the mass loss of different rattan canes caused by white-rot decay.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Mapping the biotic degradation hazard of wood in Europe – biophysical background, engineering applications, and climate change-induced prospects.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n van Niekerk, P. B.; Marais, B. N.; Brischke, C.; Borges, L. M.; Kutnik, M.; Niklewski, J.; Ansard, D.; Humar, M.; Cragg, S. M.; and Militz, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Holzforschung, 76(2): 188–210. February 2022.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n![\"Mapping](\"//bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg\"\n\t "\\"Paper\\"\n\t")
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Paper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n@article{van_niekerk_mapping_2022,\n\ttitle = {Mapping the biotic degradation hazard of wood in {Europe} – biophysical background, engineering applications, and climate change-induced prospects},\n\tvolume = {76},\n\tissn = {0018-3830, 1437-434X},\n\turl = {https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/hf-2021-0169/html},\n\tdoi = {10.1515/hf-2021-0169},\n\tabstract = {Abstract\n \n Construction using timber has seen a resurgence in light of global climate mitigation policies. Wood is a renewable resource, and engineered wood products are proving to be competitive against concrete and steel while having several advantages. However, while the renewable nature of wood in construction is a beneficial property for climate mitigation policies, the process of biodegradation introduces a challenge for service life planning. A review of hazard mapping is presented while developing contemporary hazard maps, occurrence maps and projected hazard maps for 2050 using representative concentration pathways (\n RCP\n ) 2.6 and 8.5. The risk of timber decay is expected to increase in most of Europe as the temperatures rise, with a decrease expected in dryer regions. Termites are likely to experience a range expansion as more areas become suitable, while human activity and an increase in extreme weather events like floods are expected to facilitate dispersion. Marine borer species already present a risk in most European coastal regions; however, the effect of changes in water temperatures are likely to shift the boundaries for individual borer species. Overall, warmer climates are expected to increase the metabolic activity of all of these organisms leading to a general reduction in service life.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {2},\n\turldate = {2022-02-09},\n\tjournal = {Holzforschung},\n\tauthor = {van Niekerk, Philip B. and Marais, Brendan N. and Brischke, Christian and Borges, Luisa M.S. and Kutnik, Magdalena and Niklewski, Jonas and Ansard, David and Humar, Miha and Cragg, Simon M. and Militz, Holger},\n\tmonth = feb,\n\tyear = {2022},\n\tpages = {188--210},\n\tfile = {van Niekerk et al. - 2021 - Mapping the biotic degradation hazard of wood in E.pdf:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\maicher\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\SLNQ2G7F\\\\van Niekerk et al. - 2021 - Mapping the biotic degradation hazard of wood in E.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n\n\n Abstract Construction using timber has seen a resurgence in light of global climate mitigation policies. Wood is a renewable resource, and engineered wood products are proving to be competitive against concrete and steel while having several advantages. However, while the renewable nature of wood in construction is a beneficial property for climate mitigation policies, the process of biodegradation introduces a challenge for service life planning. A review of hazard mapping is presented while developing contemporary hazard maps, occurrence maps and projected hazard maps for 2050 using representative concentration pathways ( RCP ) 2.6 and 8.5. The risk of timber decay is expected to increase in most of Europe as the temperatures rise, with a decrease expected in dryer regions. Termites are likely to experience a range expansion as more areas become suitable, while human activity and an increase in extreme weather events like floods are expected to facilitate dispersion. Marine borer species already present a risk in most European coastal regions; however, the effect of changes in water temperatures are likely to shift the boundaries for individual borer species. Overall, warmer climates are expected to increase the metabolic activity of all of these organisms leading to a general reduction in service life.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Impact of different sterilization techniques and mass loss measurements on the durability of wood against wood-destroying fungi.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Brischke, C.; von Boch-Galhau, N.; and Bollmus, S.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n European Journal of Wood and Wood Products, 80(1): 35–44. February 2022.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \nPaper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n \n \n 1 download\n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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Paper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n \n \n 1 download\n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n@article{brischke_impact_2022,\n\ttitle = {Impact of different sterilization techniques and mass loss measurements on the durability of wood against wood-destroying fungi},\n\tvolume = {80},\n\tissn = {0018-3768, 1436-736X},\n\turl = {https://link.springer.com/10.1007/s00107-021-01745-8},\n\tdoi = {10.1007/s00107-021-01745-8},\n\tabstract = {Abstract\n \n The biological durability of wood is frequently determined in laboratory tests with monocultures of different decay fungi under ideal conditions for fungal growth. To avoid contamination with mould and inhibition of fungal growth, wood specimens need to be sterilized using different methods. To determine the mass loss of wood blocks during incubation, the initial total dry mass is needed but should be determined without oven-drying to avoid the loss of volatile compounds of the tested wood. In this study the effect of different sterilization techniques in combination with different methods of determining the oven-dry weight on mass loss (ML\n F\n ) in agar plate wood block tests was investigated. No significant ML\n F\n differences were observed between sterilization through gamma radiation, steam, autoclaving, ethanol dipping and oven-drying. Solely, non-sterilized specimens showed reduced ML\n F\n , since the test fungus was inhibited by mould growth. Oven-drying of wood species that contain volatile and resistance-affecting compounds such as Scots pine (\n Pinus sylvestris\n ) led to reduced biological durability and should either be avoided or adapted to kiln-drying temperatures usually applied in practice.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {1},\n\turldate = {2022-02-09},\n\tjournal = {European Journal of Wood and Wood Products},\n\tauthor = {Brischke, Christian and von Boch-Galhau, Nicklas and Bollmus, Susanne},\n\tmonth = feb,\n\tyear = {2022},\n\tpages = {35--44},\n\tfile = {Springer Full Text PDF:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\maicher\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\HRM23ZNC\\\\Brischke et al. - 2021 - Impact of different sterilization techniques and m.pdf:application/pdf;Volltext:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\maicher\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\3BF9FEQ4\\\\Brischke et al. - 2022 - Impact of different sterilization techniques and m.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n\n\n Abstract The biological durability of wood is frequently determined in laboratory tests with monocultures of different decay fungi under ideal conditions for fungal growth. To avoid contamination with mould and inhibition of fungal growth, wood specimens need to be sterilized using different methods. To determine the mass loss of wood blocks during incubation, the initial total dry mass is needed but should be determined without oven-drying to avoid the loss of volatile compounds of the tested wood. In this study the effect of different sterilization techniques in combination with different methods of determining the oven-dry weight on mass loss (ML F ) in agar plate wood block tests was investigated. No significant ML F differences were observed between sterilization through gamma radiation, steam, autoclaving, ethanol dipping and oven-drying. Solely, non-sterilized specimens showed reduced ML F , since the test fungus was inhibited by mould growth. Oven-drying of wood species that contain volatile and resistance-affecting compounds such as Scots pine ( Pinus sylvestris ) led to reduced biological durability and should either be avoided or adapted to kiln-drying temperatures usually applied in practice.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Mapping the biotic degradation hazard of wood in Europe – biophysical background, engineering applications, and climate change-induced prospects.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Niekerk, P. B. v.; Marais, B. N.; Brischke, C.; Borges, L. M. S.; Kutnik, M.; Niklewski, J.; Ansard, D.; Humar, M.; Cragg, S. M.; and Militz, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Holzforschung, 76(2): 188–210. February 2022.\n Publisher: De Gruyter\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \nPaper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n \n \n 1 download\n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{niekerk_mapping_2022,\n\ttitle = {Mapping the biotic degradation hazard of wood in {Europe} – biophysical background, engineering applications, and climate change-induced prospects},\n\tvolume = {76},\n\tissn = {1437-434X},\n\turl = {https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/hf-2021-0169/html?lang=en},\n\tdoi = {10.1515/hf-2021-0169},\n\tabstract = {Construction using timber has seen a resurgence in light of global climate mitigation policies. Wood is a renewable resource, and engineered wood products are proving to be competitive against concrete and steel while having several advantages. However, while the renewable nature of wood in construction is a beneficial property for climate mitigation policies, the process of biodegradation introduces a challenge for service life planning. A review of hazard mapping is presented while developing contemporary hazard maps, occurrence maps and projected hazard maps for 2050 using representative concentration pathways ( RCP ) 2.6 and 8.5. The risk of timber decay is expected to increase in most of Europe as the temperatures rise, with a decrease expected in dryer regions. Termites are likely to experience a range expansion as more areas become suitable, while human activity and an increase in extreme weather events like floods are expected to facilitate dispersion. Marine borer species already present a risk in most European coastal regions; however, the effect of changes in water temperatures are likely to shift the boundaries for individual borer species. Overall, warmer climates are expected to increase the metabolic activity of all of these organisms leading to a general reduction in service life.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {2},\n\turldate = {2022-03-07},\n\tjournal = {Holzforschung},\n\tauthor = {Niekerk, Philip B. van and Marais, Brendan N. and Brischke, Christian and Borges, Luisa M. S. and Kutnik, Magdalena and Niklewski, Jonas and Ansard, David and Humar, Miha and Cragg, Simon M. and Militz, Holger},\n\tmonth = feb,\n\tyear = {2022},\n\tnote = {Publisher: De Gruyter},\n\tkeywords = {fungi, termites, marine borers, service life prediction, decay risk, exposure model},\n\tpages = {188--210},\n}\n\n\n\n Construction using timber has seen a resurgence in light of global climate mitigation policies. Wood is a renewable resource, and engineered wood products are proving to be competitive against concrete and steel while having several advantages. However, while the renewable nature of wood in construction is a beneficial property for climate mitigation policies, the process of biodegradation introduces a challenge for service life planning. A review of hazard mapping is presented while developing contemporary hazard maps, occurrence maps and projected hazard maps for 2050 using representative concentration pathways ( RCP ) 2.6 and 8.5. The risk of timber decay is expected to increase in most of Europe as the temperatures rise, with a decrease expected in dryer regions. Termites are likely to experience a range expansion as more areas become suitable, while human activity and an increase in extreme weather events like floods are expected to facilitate dispersion. Marine borer species already present a risk in most European coastal regions; however, the effect of changes in water temperatures are likely to shift the boundaries for individual borer species. Overall, warmer climates are expected to increase the metabolic activity of all of these organisms leading to a general reduction in service life.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Wood durability in terrestrial and aquatic environments – A review of biotic and abiotic influence factors.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Marais, B. N.; Brischke, C.; and Militz, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Wood Material Science & Engineering, 17(2): 82–105. 2022.\n Publisher: Taylor & Francis _eprint: https://doi.org/10.1080/17480272.2020.1779810\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \nPaper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{marais_wood_2022,\n\ttitle = {Wood durability in terrestrial and aquatic environments – {A} review of biotic and abiotic influence factors},\n\tvolume = {17},\n\tissn = {1748-0272},\n\turl = {https://doi.org/10.1080/17480272.2020.1779810},\n\tdoi = {10.1080/17480272.2020.1779810},\n\tabstract = {Factors relevant to degradation are important in every wood application. For wood used in ground and water contact; well documented abiotic factors (or agents) include exposure to temperature and moisture linked to the physiological requirements of biotic degradation agents such as wood-decaying fungi and bacteria. Other biotic degradation agents such as subterranean insects and marine borers occur overshadowing the effect of fungal and bacterial decay, but are restricted in geographical distribution and to aquatic applications, respectively. This review focusses on decay specific to soil exposure. The inherent material characteristics are important to durability in that heartwood and sapwood show differences in resistance to degradation between species, provenance, and individual trees. Wood durability testing methods and classification, as well as a summary of prominent models and variables suitable for regional-level modelling of in-ground wood durability are presented.},\n\tnumber = {2},\n\turldate = {2022-03-17},\n\tjournal = {Wood Material Science \\& Engineering},\n\tauthor = {Marais, Brendan Nicholas and Brischke, Christian and Militz, Holger},\n\tyear = {2022},\n\tnote = {Publisher: Taylor \\& Francis\n\\_eprint: https://doi.org/10.1080/17480272.2020.1779810},\n\tkeywords = {fungi, bacteria, marine environment, soil contact, Decay, freshwater contact},\n\tpages = {82--105},\n\tfile = {Full Text PDF:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\maicher\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\IL39GT2D\\\\Marais et al. - 2022 - Wood durability in terrestrial and aquatic environ.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n\n\n Factors relevant to degradation are important in every wood application. For wood used in ground and water contact; well documented abiotic factors (or agents) include exposure to temperature and moisture linked to the physiological requirements of biotic degradation agents such as wood-decaying fungi and bacteria. Other biotic degradation agents such as subterranean insects and marine borers occur overshadowing the effect of fungal and bacterial decay, but are restricted in geographical distribution and to aquatic applications, respectively. This review focusses on decay specific to soil exposure. The inherent material characteristics are important to durability in that heartwood and sapwood show differences in resistance to degradation between species, provenance, and individual trees. Wood durability testing methods and classification, as well as a summary of prominent models and variables suitable for regional-level modelling of in-ground wood durability are presented.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Evaluation of white rot decay in phenol-formaldehyde resin treated European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) LVL by drilling resistance measurements.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Sharapov, E.; Brischke, C.; Bicke, S.; Steeg, J.; and Militz, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n European Journal of Wood and Wood Products, 80(2): 439–449. April 2022.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \nPaper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n\n@article{sharapov_evaluation_2022,\n\ttitle = {Evaluation of white rot decay in phenol-formaldehyde resin treated {European} beech ({Fagus} sylvatica {L}.) {LVL} by drilling resistance measurements},\n\tvolume = {80},\n\tissn = {0018-3768, 1436-736X},\n\turl = {https://link.springer.com/10.1007/s00107-021-01769-0},\n\tdoi = {10.1007/s00107-021-01769-0},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {2},\n\turldate = {2022-03-29},\n\tjournal = {European Journal of Wood and Wood Products},\n\tauthor = {Sharapov, Evgenii and Brischke, Christian and Bicke, Sascha and Steeg, Joachim and Militz, Holger},\n\tmonth = apr,\n\tyear = {2022},\n\tpages = {439--449},\n\tfile = {Sharapov et al. - 2022 - Evaluation of white rot decay in phenol-formaldehy.pdf:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\maicher\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\AVGYRALK\\\\Sharapov et al. - 2022 - Evaluation of white rot decay in phenol-formaldehy.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Incising and Double Impregnation of Beech Sleepers—Investigation of an Alternative Preservation System for Wooden Railway Sleepers.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Starck, M.; Heidel, A.; Brischke, C.; and Militz, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Frontiers in Forests and Global Change, 5: 814049. 2022.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n\n@article{starck_incising_2022,\n\ttitle = {Incising and {Double} {Impregnation} of {Beech} {Sleepers}—{Investigation} of an {Alternative} {Preservation} {System} for {Wooden} {Railway} {Sleepers}},\n\tvolume = {5},\n\tdoi = {10.3389/ffgc.2022.814049},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tjournal = {Frontiers in Forests and Global Change},\n\tauthor = {Starck, Michael and Heidel, Andreas and Brischke, Christian and Militz, Holger},\n\tyear = {2022},\n\tpages = {814049},\n\tfile = {Brischke - 2022 - Incising and Double Impregnation of Beech Sleepers.pdf:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\maicher\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\6EXSS7WB\\\\Brischke - 2022 - Incising and Double Impregnation of Beech Sleepers.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Properties of Mexican bloodwood (Haematoxylum campechianum L.). Part 1: anatomical and colourimetric characteristics.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Koddenberg, T.; Brischke, C.; Emmerich, L.; and Kick, A. B. E.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Holzforschung, 76(4): 330–338. April 2022.\n Publisher: De Gruyter\n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{koddenberg_properties_2022,\n\ttitle = {Properties of {Mexican} bloodwood ({Haematoxylum} campechianum {L}.). {Part} 1: anatomical and colourimetric characteristics},\n\tvolume = {76},\n\tissn = {1437-434X},\n\tshorttitle = {Properties of {Mexican} bloodwood ({Haematoxylum} campechianum {L}.). {Part} 1},\n\turl = {https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/hf-2021-0186/html},\n\tdoi = {10.1515/hf-2021-0186},\n\tabstract = {Bloodwood ( Haematoxylum campechianum L.) native to Central America has been known as dye source since the prehistoric times by the Maya. Nowadays, bloodwood is increasingly used for plantations but its use for furniture, flooring, or fencing is only of regional importance. The reason is seen in lacking knowledge of its properties. To expand that knowledge, this Part 1 of the two-part study series investigated the anatomy and the discolouration due to leaching of heartwood of H. campechianum . Anatomical characteristics were described qualitatively and quantitively using scanning electron microscopy and X-ray micro-computed tomography. Detailed wood anatomical data are presented, together with numerical analyses of cell parameters. Apart from wood anatomy, colourimetric analyses were obtained after 10 leaching cycles. The colour change of the wood due to water exposure was determined measuring in CIE L * a * b * colour system. In addition, the extinction of the leachate was determined spectrophotometrically after each leaching cycle. The resulting colour change was evaluated according to colour change after each cycle. The most prominent change in colour was observed for the first cycle due to leaching. Because of the extensive leaching of extractives, further investigation might address the effect of leaching of water-soluble extractives on adhesion properties of bloodwood.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {4},\n\turldate = {2022-05-03},\n\tjournal = {Holzforschung},\n\tauthor = {Koddenberg, Tim and Brischke, Christian and Emmerich, Lukas and Kick, Annika B. E.},\n\tmonth = apr,\n\tyear = {2022},\n\tnote = {Publisher: De Gruyter},\n\tkeywords = {microscopy, anatomy, leaching, colourimetry, dyewood},\n\tpages = {330--338},\n\tfile = {Koddenberg et al. - 2022 - Properties of Mexican bloodwood (Haematoxylum camp.pdf:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\maicher\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\Q5C65HWB\\\\Koddenberg et al. - 2022 - Properties of Mexican bloodwood (Haematoxylum camp.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n\n\n Bloodwood ( Haematoxylum campechianum L.) native to Central America has been known as dye source since the prehistoric times by the Maya. Nowadays, bloodwood is increasingly used for plantations but its use for furniture, flooring, or fencing is only of regional importance. The reason is seen in lacking knowledge of its properties. To expand that knowledge, this Part 1 of the two-part study series investigated the anatomy and the discolouration due to leaching of heartwood of H. campechianum . Anatomical characteristics were described qualitatively and quantitively using scanning electron microscopy and X-ray micro-computed tomography. Detailed wood anatomical data are presented, together with numerical analyses of cell parameters. Apart from wood anatomy, colourimetric analyses were obtained after 10 leaching cycles. The colour change of the wood due to water exposure was determined measuring in CIE L * a * b * colour system. In addition, the extinction of the leachate was determined spectrophotometrically after each leaching cycle. The resulting colour change was evaluated according to colour change after each cycle. The most prominent change in colour was observed for the first cycle due to leaching. Because of the extensive leaching of extractives, further investigation might address the effect of leaching of water-soluble extractives on adhesion properties of bloodwood.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Properties of Mexican bloodwood (Haematoxylum campechianum L.). Part 2: moisture performance and biological durability.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Brischke, C.; Emmerich, L.; Koddenberg, T.; and Kick, A. E. B.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Holzforschung, 76(4): 339–347. April 2022.\n Publisher: De Gruyter\n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{brischke_properties_2022,\n\ttitle = {Properties of {Mexican} bloodwood ({Haematoxylum} campechianum {L}.). {Part} 2: moisture performance and biological durability},\n\tvolume = {76},\n\tissn = {1437-434X},\n\tshorttitle = {Properties of {Mexican} bloodwood ({Haematoxylum} campechianum {L}.). {Part} 2},\n\turl = {https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/hf-2021-0187/html},\n\tdoi = {10.1515/hf-2021-0187},\n\tabstract = {Haematoxylum campechianum is most prevalently used as dyewood; its use for furniture, flooring, or fencing is only of regional importance, which might be due to lacking data about its technological properties. Therefore, small specimens were cut from H. campechianum stems from plantations in the lowlands of the Usumacinta delta in Mexico. The latter were subjected to laboratory decay and moisture studies. Water vapour sorption, liquid water uptake, and swelling of H. campechianum appeared much lower in comparison with most European grown wood species and similar to tropical hardwoods such as Tectona grandis . After removal of water-soluble ingredients, water vapour sorption of H. campechianum specimens further decreased, which assigned such ingredients a somewhat hydrophilic character. Mean mass losses (ML) due to decay by white, brown, and soft rot fungi in laboratory tests were \\<5\\%. On the basis of a dose-response model, wetting ability factors and ML values from decay tests predicted an outdoor performance similar to T. grandis and Intsia bijuga . Based on this preliminary property profile, H. campechianum can be recommended for both outdoor (e.g. fencing, outdoor decking, railing) and indoor applications (e.g. flooring, manufacturing of furniture, wall and ceiling panels, decoration artwork).},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {4},\n\turldate = {2022-05-03},\n\tjournal = {Holzforschung},\n\tauthor = {Brischke, Christian and Emmerich, Lukas and Koddenberg, Tim and Kick, Annika E. B.},\n\tmonth = apr,\n\tyear = {2022},\n\tnote = {Publisher: De Gruyter},\n\tkeywords = {durability class, sorption isotherm, moisture performance, dyewood, logwood},\n\tpages = {339--347},\n\tfile = {Brischke et al. - 2022 - Properties of Mexican bloodwood ( Haematoxylum .pdf:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\maicher\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\A6NLMU7Z\\\\Brischke et al. - 2022 - Properties of Mexican bloodwood ( Haematoxylum .pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n\n\n Haematoxylum campechianum is most prevalently used as dyewood; its use for furniture, flooring, or fencing is only of regional importance, which might be due to lacking data about its technological properties. Therefore, small specimens were cut from H. campechianum stems from plantations in the lowlands of the Usumacinta delta in Mexico. The latter were subjected to laboratory decay and moisture studies. Water vapour sorption, liquid water uptake, and swelling of H. campechianum appeared much lower in comparison with most European grown wood species and similar to tropical hardwoods such as Tectona grandis . After removal of water-soluble ingredients, water vapour sorption of H. campechianum specimens further decreased, which assigned such ingredients a somewhat hydrophilic character. Mean mass losses (ML) due to decay by white, brown, and soft rot fungi in laboratory tests were <5%. On the basis of a dose-response model, wetting ability factors and ML values from decay tests predicted an outdoor performance similar to T. grandis and Intsia bijuga . Based on this preliminary property profile, H. campechianum can be recommended for both outdoor (e.g. fencing, outdoor decking, railing) and indoor applications (e.g. flooring, manufacturing of furniture, wall and ceiling panels, decoration artwork).\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Growth Behaviour and Wood Degradation of Wood-Destroying Fungi in Chemically Modified Wood.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Emmerich, L.; Bleckmann, M.; Strohbusch, S.; Brischke, C.; Bollmus, S.; and Militz, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In Proceedings of 10th European Conference on Wood Modification, pages 249–256, Nancy, France, April 2022. University of Lorraine\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n\n@inproceedings{emmerich_growth_2022,\n\taddress = {Nancy, France},\n\ttitle = {Growth {Behaviour} and {Wood} {Degradation} of {Wood}-{Destroying} {Fungi} in {Chemically} {Modified} {Wood}},\n\tisbn = {978-2-37111-000-7},\n\tlanguage = {EN},\n\tbooktitle = {Proceedings of 10th {European} {Conference} on {Wood} {Modification}},\n\tpublisher = {University of Lorraine},\n\tauthor = {Emmerich, L. and Bleckmann, M. and Strohbusch, S. and Brischke, C. and Bollmus, S. and Militz, H.},\n\tmonth = apr,\n\tyear = {2022},\n\tpages = {249--256},\n}\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Laminated Veneer Lumber Made From Cement-Impregnated Veneers.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Hirschmüller, S.; Kovryga, A.; Unterberger, S.; Larbig, H.; Marais, B.; Brischke, C.; van de Kuilen, J.; and Krey, A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In Proceedings of 10th European Conference on Wood Modification, pages 108–111, Nancy, France, April 2022. University of Lorraine\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n\n@inproceedings{hirschmuller_laminated_2022,\n\taddress = {Nancy, France},\n\ttitle = {Laminated {Veneer} {Lumber} {Made} {From} {Cement}-{Impregnated} {Veneers}},\n\tisbn = {978-2-37111-000-7},\n\tlanguage = {EN},\n\tbooktitle = {Proceedings of 10th {European} {Conference} on {Wood} {Modification}},\n\tpublisher = {University of Lorraine},\n\tauthor = {Hirschmüller, S. and Kovryga, A. and Unterberger, S. and Larbig, H. and Marais, B. and Brischke, C. and van de Kuilen, J.-W. and Krey, A.},\n\tmonth = apr,\n\tyear = {2022},\n\tpages = {108--111},\n}\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Performance of Resin-Treated Solid Wood and Laminated Veneer Lumber (LVL) Under Marine Conditions. 10th European Conference on Wood Modification.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Emmerich, L.; Brischke, C.; and Militz, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In Proceedings of 10th European Conference on Wood Modification, pages 284–291, Nancy, France, April 2022. University of Lorraine\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n\n@inproceedings{emmerich_performance_2022,\n\taddress = {Nancy, France},\n\ttitle = {Performance of {Resin}-{Treated} {Solid} {Wood} and {Laminated} {Veneer} {Lumber} ({LVL}) {Under} {Marine} {Conditions}. 10th {European} {Conference} on {Wood} {Modification}},\n\tisbn = {978-2-37111-000-7},\n\tlanguage = {EN},\n\tbooktitle = {Proceedings of 10th {European} {Conference} on {Wood} {Modification}},\n\tpublisher = {University of Lorraine},\n\tauthor = {Emmerich, L. and Brischke, C. and Militz, H.},\n\tmonth = apr,\n\tyear = {2022},\n\tpages = {284--291},\n}\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Impact of Process Duration on Selected Physical Properties of Thermally Modified Eucalyptus Wood.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Batista, D.; Wentzel, M.; Brischke, C.; and Militz, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In Proceedings of 10th European Conference on Wood Modification, pages 365–368, Nancy, France, April 2022. University of Lorraine\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n\n@inproceedings{batista_impact_2022,\n\taddress = {Nancy, France},\n\ttitle = {Impact of {Process} {Duration} on {Selected} {Physical} {Properties} of {Thermally} {Modified} {Eucalyptus} {Wood}},\n\tisbn = {978-2-37111-000-7},\n\tlanguage = {EN},\n\tbooktitle = {Proceedings of 10th {European} {Conference} on {Wood} {Modification}},\n\tpublisher = {University of Lorraine},\n\tauthor = {Batista, D.C. and Wentzel, M. and Brischke, C. and Militz, H.},\n\tmonth = apr,\n\tyear = {2022},\n\tpages = {365--368},\n}\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Evaluation of the Effect of a Combined Chemical and Thermal Modification of Wood though the Use of Bicine and Tricine.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Jones, D.; Kržišnik, D.; Hočevar, M.; Zagar, A.; Humar, M.; Popescu, C.; Popescu, M.; Brischke, C.; Nunes, L.; Curling, S. F; Ormondroyd, G.; and Sandberg, D.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Forests, 13: 834. 2022.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{jones_evaluation_2022,\n\ttitle = {Evaluation of the {Effect} of a {Combined} {Chemical} and {Thermal} {Modification} of {Wood} though the {Use} of {Bicine} and {Tricine}},\n\tvolume = {13},\n\tdoi = {10.3390/f13060834},\n\tabstract = {The effects of thermal modification of wood have been well established, particularly in terms of reductions in mechanical performance. In recent years, there has been an increase in studies related to the Maillard reaction. More commonly associated with food chemistry, it involves the reaction of amines and reducing sugars during cooking procedures. This study has attempted to combine the use of amines and thermal modification, with subsequent properties investigated for the treatment of spruce (Picea abies (L.) H. Karst) and beech (Fagus sylvatica L.). In this initial study, the combined effects of chemical treatments by tricine and bicine were investigated with thermal modification. Along with some preliminary data on mechanical properties, the modifications which appeared in the wood structure were evaluated by infrared spectroscopy and biological studies according to EN113 and EN117 methodologies. The hierarchal study interpretation of FTIR suggested interactions between the bicine or tricine and the wood, which was partly supported by the analysis of volatile organic compounds (VOC), though other tests were not as conclusive. The potential of the method warrants further consideration, which will be described.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tjournal = {Forests},\n\tauthor = {Jones, Dennis and Kržišnik, Davor and Hočevar, Miha and Zagar, Andreja and Humar, Miha and Popescu, Carmen-Mihaela and Popescu, Maria-Cristina and Brischke, Christian and Nunes, Lina and Curling, Simon F and Ormondroyd, Graham and Sandberg, Dick},\n\tyear = {2022},\n\tpages = {834},\n\tfile = {Jones et al. - 2022 - Evaluation of the Effect of a Combined Chemical an.pdf:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\maicher\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\ZIIL7MMN\\\\Jones et al. - 2022 - Evaluation of the Effect of a Combined Chemical an.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n\n\n The effects of thermal modification of wood have been well established, particularly in terms of reductions in mechanical performance. In recent years, there has been an increase in studies related to the Maillard reaction. More commonly associated with food chemistry, it involves the reaction of amines and reducing sugars during cooking procedures. This study has attempted to combine the use of amines and thermal modification, with subsequent properties investigated for the treatment of spruce (Picea abies (L.) H. Karst) and beech (Fagus sylvatica L.). In this initial study, the combined effects of chemical treatments by tricine and bicine were investigated with thermal modification. Along with some preliminary data on mechanical properties, the modifications which appeared in the wood structure were evaluated by infrared spectroscopy and biological studies according to EN113 and EN117 methodologies. The hierarchal study interpretation of FTIR suggested interactions between the bicine or tricine and the wood, which was partly supported by the analysis of volatile organic compounds (VOC), though other tests were not as conclusive. The potential of the method warrants further consideration, which will be described.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Biological durability and moisture dynamics of Dawn redwood ( Metasequoia glyptostroboides ) and Port Orford cedar ( Chamaecyparis lawsoniana ).\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Brischke, C.; Bollmus, S.; Melcher, E.; and Stephan, I.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Wood Material Science & Engineering,1–11. July 2022.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{brischke_biological_2022,\n\ttitle = {Biological durability and moisture dynamics of {Dawn} redwood ( \\textit{{Metasequoia} glyptostroboides} ) and {Port} {Orford} cedar ( \\textit{{Chamaecyparis} lawsoniana} )},\n\tissn = {1748-0272, 1748-0280},\n\turl = {https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/17480272.2022.2101941},\n\tdoi = {10.1080/17480272.2022.2101941},\n\tabstract = {Numerous non-native tree species are given attention with respect to the reforestation of calamity areas in Europe. Among them, several species may form durable wood which can be used for outdoor applications, but differences in wood durability are expected between original and European growth sites. This study aimed at examining the biological durability against wooddestroying fungi and water permeability of German-grown Dawn redwood (Metasequoia glyptostroboides) and Port Orford cedar (Chamaecyparis lawsoniana). The heartwood of both wood species was assigned to durability class 4 (DC 4, less durable) in soil contact and DC 1–4 (very to less durable) against wood-destroying basidiomycetes. However, according to the Meyer-Veltrup model, their material resistance dose was notably higher compared to the reference species Norway spruce (Picea abies), and the resulting service life of above ground structures should be a multiple of the reference.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\turldate = {2022-07-28},\n\tjournal = {Wood Material Science \\& Engineering},\n\tauthor = {Brischke, Christian and Bollmus, Susanne and Melcher, Eckhard and Stephan, Ina},\n\tmonth = jul,\n\tyear = {2022},\n\tpages = {1--11},\n\tfile = {Brischke et al. - 2022 - Biological durability and moisture dynamics of Daw.pdf:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\maicher\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\JS7FYYK6\\\\Brischke et al. - 2022 - Biological durability and moisture dynamics of Daw.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n\n\n Numerous non-native tree species are given attention with respect to the reforestation of calamity areas in Europe. Among them, several species may form durable wood which can be used for outdoor applications, but differences in wood durability are expected between original and European growth sites. This study aimed at examining the biological durability against wooddestroying fungi and water permeability of German-grown Dawn redwood (Metasequoia glyptostroboides) and Port Orford cedar (Chamaecyparis lawsoniana). The heartwood of both wood species was assigned to durability class 4 (DC 4, less durable) in soil contact and DC 1–4 (very to less durable) against wood-destroying basidiomycetes. However, according to the Meyer-Veltrup model, their material resistance dose was notably higher compared to the reference species Norway spruce (Picea abies), and the resulting service life of above ground structures should be a multiple of the reference.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Biological durability of pine wood.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Brischke, C.; and Alfredsen, G.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Wood Material Science & Engineering, 0(0): 1–15. August 2022.\n Publisher: Taylor & Francis _eprint: https://doi.org/10.1080/17480272.2022.2104134\n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{brischke_biological_2022-1,\n\ttitle = {Biological durability of pine wood},\n\tvolume = {0},\n\tissn = {1748-0272},\n\turl = {https://doi.org/10.1080/17480272.2022.2104134},\n\tdoi = {10.1080/17480272.2022.2104134},\n\tabstract = {The genus Pinus represents more than a hundred different tree species, most of them forming stems that can be commercially utilised for both timber and wood pulp industry. Pines are native to most of the Northern Hemisphere, while introduced and often naturalized in the Southern Hemisphere. The sapwood of pines is considered ‘not durable’ but generally easy to impregnate. On the contrary, the coloured heartwood of pines is difficult to impregnate and considered ‘less to moderately durable’ against decay fungi, but due to varying content and composition of extractives, both moisture performance and inherent durability vary within and between species. This study reviewed the literature to quantify the extent of variability of pine wood and its potential causes. Literature data from durability tests performed under laboratory and field conditions made it possible to compile reference factors for 26 pine species. The inter-species variation of biological durability is more prominent in above-ground exposure (0.7–14.9 times higher compared to the non-durable pine sapwood) compared to soil contact scenarios (1.0–2.4). The latter might be explained by fungicidal and hydrophobic extractives of pines, which play a more dominant role in above-ground exposure compared to soil exposure with permanent wetting.},\n\tnumber = {0},\n\turldate = {2022-08-08},\n\tjournal = {Wood Material Science \\& Engineering},\n\tauthor = {Brischke, Christian and Alfredsen, Gry},\n\tmonth = aug,\n\tyear = {2022},\n\tnote = {Publisher: Taylor \\& Francis\n\\_eprint: https://doi.org/10.1080/17480272.2022.2104134},\n\tkeywords = {Basidiomycetes, material resistance, natural durability, pine, heartwood, sapwood},\n\tpages = {1--15},\n\tfile = {Brischke and Alfredsen 2022 Supplemental.pdf:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\maicher\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\SQH7GH2D\\\\Brischke and Alfredsen 2022 Supplemental.pdf:application/pdf;Brischke und Alfredsen - 2022 - Biological durability of pine wood.pdf:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\maicher\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\S3K4YAG4\\\\Brischke und Alfredsen - 2022 - Biological durability of pine wood.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n\n\n The genus Pinus represents more than a hundred different tree species, most of them forming stems that can be commercially utilised for both timber and wood pulp industry. Pines are native to most of the Northern Hemisphere, while introduced and often naturalized in the Southern Hemisphere. The sapwood of pines is considered ‘not durable’ but generally easy to impregnate. On the contrary, the coloured heartwood of pines is difficult to impregnate and considered ‘less to moderately durable’ against decay fungi, but due to varying content and composition of extractives, both moisture performance and inherent durability vary within and between species. This study reviewed the literature to quantify the extent of variability of pine wood and its potential causes. Literature data from durability tests performed under laboratory and field conditions made it possible to compile reference factors for 26 pine species. The inter-species variation of biological durability is more prominent in above-ground exposure (0.7–14.9 times higher compared to the non-durable pine sapwood) compared to soil contact scenarios (1.0–2.4). The latter might be explained by fungicidal and hydrophobic extractives of pines, which play a more dominant role in above-ground exposure compared to soil exposure with permanent wetting.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Effect of pressurized hot water extraction and esterification on the moisture properties and decay resistance of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) sapwood.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Kyyrö, S.; Altgen, M.; Belt, T.; Seppäläinen, H.; Brischke, C.; Heinze, P.; Militz, H.; and Rautkari, L.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Holzforschung. September 2022.\n Publisher: De Gruyter\n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{kyyro_effect_2022,\n\ttitle = {Effect of pressurized hot water extraction and esterification on the moisture properties and decay resistance of {Scots} pine ({Pinus} sylvestris {L}.) sapwood},\n\tissn = {1437-434X},\n\turl = {https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/hf-2022-0100/html},\n\tdoi = {10.1515/hf-2022-0100},\n\tabstract = {Pressurized hot water extraction (HWE) treatment has the benefit of simultaneous extraction of hemicellulose-based carbohydrates and modification of the solid phase, but it does not drastically improve wood durability. However, removing hemicelluloses from the wood by HWE treatment creates water-filled spaces in the cell walls which could be filled with modification agent in order to improve the properties of the wood. Without drying, modification agent can be added into the saturated wood via diffusion. The esterification of wood with citric acid (CA) improves resistance to biological deterioration but increases brittleness. However, combining CA esterification with additional chemicals that form links with CA can mitigate brittleness. This study investigated esterification as a method for modifying HWE treated wood. HWE treatment with CA solution (4\\% w/v) was applied at 120 °C for 3 h to Scots pine ( Pinus sylvestris L.) sapwood specimens. The specimens were further modified by diffusion with CA and starch derivatives followed by curing. The applied method changed the moisture properties and chemical composition of the wood. The results showed successful wood bulking. The investigated method slightly improved decay resistance to Coniophora puteana and Trametes versicolor but did not change resistance to Rhodonia placenta .},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\turldate = {2022-09-19},\n\tjournal = {Holzforschung},\n\tauthor = {Kyyrö, Suvi and Altgen, Michael and Belt, Tiina and Seppäläinen, Hanna and Brischke, Christian and Heinze, Petra and Militz, Holger and Rautkari, Lauri},\n\tmonth = sep,\n\tyear = {2022},\n\tnote = {Publisher: De Gruyter},\n\tkeywords = {wood modification, citric acid, hygroscopicity, starch, biological durability},\n}\n\n\n\n Pressurized hot water extraction (HWE) treatment has the benefit of simultaneous extraction of hemicellulose-based carbohydrates and modification of the solid phase, but it does not drastically improve wood durability. However, removing hemicelluloses from the wood by HWE treatment creates water-filled spaces in the cell walls which could be filled with modification agent in order to improve the properties of the wood. Without drying, modification agent can be added into the saturated wood via diffusion. The esterification of wood with citric acid (CA) improves resistance to biological deterioration but increases brittleness. However, combining CA esterification with additional chemicals that form links with CA can mitigate brittleness. This study investigated esterification as a method for modifying HWE treated wood. HWE treatment with CA solution (4% w/v) was applied at 120 °C for 3 h to Scots pine ( Pinus sylvestris L.) sapwood specimens. The specimens were further modified by diffusion with CA and starch derivatives followed by curing. The applied method changed the moisture properties and chemical composition of the wood. The results showed successful wood bulking. The investigated method slightly improved decay resistance to Coniophora puteana and Trametes versicolor but did not change resistance to Rhodonia placenta .\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Robust and precise LCC of wooden buildings using novel service life prediction tools.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Alfredsen, G.; Brischke, C.; Acquah, R.; Akkurt, T.; Flæte, P.; Frühwald Hansson, E.; Gustavsen, G.; Hosseini, H.; Kalamees, T.; Kers, J.; Kukk, V.; Modaresi, R.; Niklewski, J.; Sandak, A.; Sandak, J.; and Van Niekerk, P.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In Proceedings of the 18th meeting of the Northern European Network for Wood Science and Engineering (WSE 2022), pages 199–201, Göttingen, Germany, September 2022. \n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n\n@inproceedings{alfredsen_robust_2022,\n\taddress = {Göttingen, Germany},\n\ttitle = {Robust and precise {LCC} of wooden buildings using novel service life prediction tools},\n\tlanguage = {EN},\n\tbooktitle = {Proceedings of the 18th meeting of the {Northern} {European} {Network} for {Wood} {Science} and {Engineering} ({WSE} 2022)},\n\tauthor = {Alfredsen, G. and Brischke, C. and Acquah, R. and Akkurt, T. and Flæte, P.O. and Frühwald Hansson, E. and Gustavsen, G.W. and Hosseini, H. and Kalamees, T. and Kers, J. and Kukk, V. and Modaresi, R. and Niklewski, J. and Sandak, A. and Sandak, J. and Van Niekerk, P.B.},\n\tmonth = sep,\n\tyear = {2022},\n\tpages = {199--201},\n}\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Preliminary work on a new method for moisture conditioning of wood for decay tests.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Fredriksson, M.; Thybring, E.; Emmerich, L.; and Brischke, C.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In Proceedings of the 18th meeting of the Northern European Network for Wood Science and Engineering (WSE 2022), pages 162–164, Göttingen, Germany, September 2022. \n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n\n@inproceedings{fredriksson_preliminary_2022,\n\taddress = {Göttingen, Germany},\n\ttitle = {Preliminary work on a new method for moisture conditioning of wood for decay tests},\n\tlanguage = {EN},\n\tbooktitle = {Proceedings of the 18th meeting of the {Northern} {European} {Network} for {Wood} {Science} and {Engineering} ({WSE} 2022)},\n\tauthor = {Fredriksson, M. and Thybring, E.E. and Emmerich, L. and Brischke, C.},\n\tmonth = sep,\n\tyear = {2022},\n\tpages = {162--164},\n}\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Proceedings of the 18th Meeting of the Northern European Network for Wood Science and Engineering (WSE).\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Brischke, C.; and Buschalsky, A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Göttingen, Germany, September 2022.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n\n@book{brischke_proceedings_2022,\n\taddress = {Göttingen, Germany},\n\ttitle = {Proceedings of the 18th {Meeting} of the {Northern} {European} {Network} for {Wood} {Science} and {Engineering} ({WSE})},\n\tlanguage = {EN},\n\tauthor = {Brischke, C. and Buschalsky, A.},\n\tmonth = sep,\n\tyear = {2022},\n\tfile = {Brischke und Buschalsky - 2022 - Proceedings of the 18th Annual Meeting of the Nort.pdf:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\maicher\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\NWID8M5Q\\\\Brischke und Buschalsky - 2022 - Proceedings of the 18th Annual Meeting of the Nort.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Survey of timber structures - Validation studies of a service life prediction tool.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Rabke, J.; Brischke, C.; Alfredsen, G.; and Van Niekerk, P.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In Proceedings of the 18th meeting of the Northern European Network for Wood Science and Engineering (WSE 2022), pages 102–104, Göttingen, Germany, September 2022. \n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n\n@inproceedings{rabke_survey_2022,\n\taddress = {Göttingen, Germany},\n\ttitle = {Survey of timber structures - {Validation} studies of a service life prediction tool},\n\tlanguage = {EN},\n\tbooktitle = {Proceedings of the 18th meeting of the {Northern} {European} {Network} for {Wood} {Science} and {Engineering} ({WSE} 2022)},\n\tauthor = {Rabke, J. and Brischke, C. and Alfredsen, G. and Van Niekerk, P.B.},\n\tmonth = sep,\n\tyear = {2022},\n\tpages = {102--104},\n}\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Preface.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Brischke, C.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In Proceedings of the 18th meeting of the Northern European Network for Wood Science and Engineering (WSE 2022), pages 3, Göttingen, Germany, September 2022. \n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n\n@inproceedings{brischke_preface_2022,\n\taddress = {Göttingen, Germany},\n\ttitle = {Preface},\n\tlanguage = {EN},\n\tbooktitle = {Proceedings of the 18th meeting of the {Northern} {European} {Network} for {Wood} {Science} and {Engineering} ({WSE} 2022)},\n\tauthor = {Brischke, Christian},\n\tmonth = sep,\n\tyear = {2022},\n\tpages = {3},\n}\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Langzeitmonitoring bei Folienlagerung von Sturmholz.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Brischke, C.; and Wippermann, K.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Holz-Zentralblatt, 148(43): 747–749. October 2022.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n\n@article{brischke_langzeitmonitoring_2022,\n\ttitle = {Langzeitmonitoring bei {Folienlagerung} von {Sturmholz}},\n\tvolume = {148},\n\tlanguage = {ger},\n\tnumber = {43},\n\tjournal = {Holz-Zentralblatt},\n\tauthor = {Brischke, Christian and Wippermann, Kira},\n\tmonth = oct,\n\tyear = {2022},\n\tpages = {747--749},\n\tfile = {Brischke und Wippermann - 2022 - Langzeitmonitoring bei Folienlagerung von Sturmhol.pdf:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\maicher\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\EJVB84YB\\\\Brischke und Wippermann - 2022 - Langzeitmonitoring bei Folienlagerung von Sturmhol.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Foil Storage of Storm-Felled Timber—Long-Term Monitoring of Norway Spruce Piles in Germany.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Brischke, C.; and Wippermann, K.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Forests, 13: 1918. 2022.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{brischke_foil_2022,\n\ttitle = {Foil {Storage} of {Storm}-{Felled} {Timber}—{Long}-{Term} {Monitoring} of {Norway} {Spruce} {Piles} in {Germany}},\n\tvolume = {13},\n\tdoi = {doi.org/10.3390/f13111918},\n\tabstract = {Windthrow and other calamities pose major challenges for forestry companies. In addition to difficult processing, solutions for the medium- and long-term storage of logs without the loss of quality are required in order to counteract the oversupply and falling prices of raw wood. The application of foil piles is a comparatively young and only regionally established procedure, which is of particular interest when wet storage is not possible. As part of a case study, a total of 32 piles of Norway spruce (Picea abies) wood were monitored under foil in the forest district of Dassel (Lower Saxony State Forests, Germany), and the conditions for wood-destroying fungi and the resulting wood quality were evaluated. A considerable depreciation in the stored wood was directly related to the atmosphere inside the pile and could be attributed to various types of damage to the foil. It became evident that quality losses can only be avoided by working quickly, being careful when sealing the piles and providing intensive support in the form of monitoring and rapid repairs.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tjournal = {Forests},\n\tauthor = {Brischke, Christian and Wippermann, Kira},\n\tyear = {2022},\n\tpages = {1918},\n\tfile = {Brischke und Wippermann - 2022 - Foil Storage of Storm-Felled Timber—Long-Term Moni.pdf:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\maicher\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\N4PJLFXY\\\\Brischke und Wippermann - 2022 - Foil Storage of Storm-Felled Timber—Long-Term Moni.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n\n\n Windthrow and other calamities pose major challenges for forestry companies. In addition to difficult processing, solutions for the medium- and long-term storage of logs without the loss of quality are required in order to counteract the oversupply and falling prices of raw wood. The application of foil piles is a comparatively young and only regionally established procedure, which is of particular interest when wet storage is not possible. As part of a case study, a total of 32 piles of Norway spruce (Picea abies) wood were monitored under foil in the forest district of Dassel (Lower Saxony State Forests, Germany), and the conditions for wood-destroying fungi and the resulting wood quality were evaluated. A considerable depreciation in the stored wood was directly related to the atmosphere inside the pile and could be attributed to various types of damage to the foil. It became evident that quality losses can only be avoided by working quickly, being careful when sealing the piles and providing intensive support in the form of monitoring and rapid repairs.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Biological Durability of Wood–Polymer Composites—The Role of Moisture and Aging.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Buschalsky, A.; Brischke, C.; Klein, K. C.; Kilian, T.; and Militz, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Materials, 15(23): 8556. January 2022.\n Number: 23 Publisher: Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute\n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{buschalsky_biological_2022,\n\ttitle = {Biological {Durability} of {Wood}–{Polymer} {Composites}—{The} {Role} of {Moisture} and {Aging}},\n\tvolume = {15},\n\tcopyright = {http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/},\n\tissn = {1996-1944},\n\turl = {https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/15/23/8556},\n\tdoi = {10.3390/ma15238556},\n\tabstract = {Knowledge about the resistance of wood–polymer composites (WPCs) to biological attack is of high importance for purpose-oriented use in outdoor applications. To gain this knowledge, uniform test methods are essential. EN 15534-1 (2018) provides a general framework, including the recommendation of applying a pre-weathering procedure before the biological laboratory tests. However, the procedure’s manner is not specified, and its necessity assumes that a durability test without such pre-weathering will not produce the structural changes that occur during outdoor use. To verify this assumption, this study examined the influence of natural, ground-level pre-weathering on the material properties of different WPC variants, which were tested at intervals of six months in four durability tests under laboratory conditions in accordance with EN 15534-1 (2018). Weathering factors were calculated from determined characteristic values such as mass loss, and loss in moduli of elasticity (MOE) and rupture (MOR). The weathering factors based on mechanical properties tended to decrease with increasing weathering duration. The expected negative influence of pre-weathering on these material properties was thus not confirmed. The weathering factors based on mass loss were subject to high variation. No significant effect of pre-weathering on mass loss due to fungal attack became evident. Overall, the necessity of a pre-weathering step in biological durability tests shall be questioned based on the presented results.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {23},\n\turldate = {2022-12-01},\n\tjournal = {Materials},\n\tauthor = {Buschalsky, Andreas and Brischke, Christian and Klein, Kim Christian and Kilian, Thomas and Militz, Holger},\n\tmonth = jan,\n\tyear = {2022},\n\tnote = {Number: 23\nPublisher: Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute},\n\tkeywords = {durability test, WPC, soft rot, basidiomycetes, EN 15534-1, wood–moisture interaction, biological durability, wood–polymer composites},\n\tpages = {8556},\n\tfile = {Full Text PDF:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\maicher\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\7EYDSMN5\\\\Buschalsky et al. - 2022 - Biological Durability of Wood–Polymer Composites—T.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n\n\n Knowledge about the resistance of wood–polymer composites (WPCs) to biological attack is of high importance for purpose-oriented use in outdoor applications. To gain this knowledge, uniform test methods are essential. EN 15534-1 (2018) provides a general framework, including the recommendation of applying a pre-weathering procedure before the biological laboratory tests. However, the procedure’s manner is not specified, and its necessity assumes that a durability test without such pre-weathering will not produce the structural changes that occur during outdoor use. To verify this assumption, this study examined the influence of natural, ground-level pre-weathering on the material properties of different WPC variants, which were tested at intervals of six months in four durability tests under laboratory conditions in accordance with EN 15534-1 (2018). Weathering factors were calculated from determined characteristic values such as mass loss, and loss in moduli of elasticity (MOE) and rupture (MOR). The weathering factors based on mechanical properties tended to decrease with increasing weathering duration. The expected negative influence of pre-weathering on these material properties was thus not confirmed. The weathering factors based on mass loss were subject to high variation. No significant effect of pre-weathering on mass loss due to fungal attack became evident. Overall, the necessity of a pre-weathering step in biological durability tests shall be questioned based on the presented results.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Biological Durability of Wood–Polymer Composites—The Role of Moisture and Aging.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Buschalsky, A.; Brischke, C.; Klein, K. C.; Kilian, T.; and Militz, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n ,12. 2022.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{buschalsky_biological_2022-1,\n\ttitle = {Biological {Durability} of {Wood}–{Polymer} {Composites}—{The} {Role} of {Moisture} and {Aging}},\n\tabstract = {Knowledge about the resistance of wood–polymer composites (WPCs) to biological attack is of high importance for purpose-oriented use in outdoor applications. To gain this knowledge, uniform test methods are essential. EN 15534-1 (2018) provides a general framework, including the recommendation of applying a pre-weathering procedure before the biological laboratory tests. However, the procedure’s manner is not specified, and its necessity assumes that a durability test without such pre-weathering will not produce the structural changes that occur during outdoor use. To verify this assumption, this study examined the influence of natural, ground-level pre-weathering on the material properties of different WPC variants, which were tested at intervals of six months in four durability tests under laboratory conditions in accordance with EN 15534-1 (2018). Weathering factors were calculated from determined characteristic values such as mass loss, and loss in moduli of elasticity (MOE) and rupture (MOR). The weathering factors based on mechanical properties tended to decrease with increasing weathering duration. The expected negative influence of pre-weathering on these material properties was thus not confirmed. The weathering factors based on mass loss were subject to high variation. No significant effect of pre-weathering on mass loss due to fungal attack became evident. Overall, the necessity of a pre-weathering step in biological durability tests shall be questioned based on the presented results.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tauthor = {Buschalsky, Andreas and Brischke, Christian and Klein, Kim Christian and Kilian, Thomas and Militz, Holger},\n\tyear = {2022},\n\tpages = {12},\n\tfile = {Buschalsky et al. - 2022 - Biological Durability of Wood–Polymer Composites—T.pdf:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\maicher\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\QAEGVNW2\\\\Buschalsky et al. - 2022 - Biological Durability of Wood–Polymer Composites—T.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n\n Knowledge about the resistance of wood–polymer composites (WPCs) to biological attack is of high importance for purpose-oriented use in outdoor applications. To gain this knowledge, uniform test methods are essential. EN 15534-1 (2018) provides a general framework, including the recommendation of applying a pre-weathering procedure before the biological laboratory tests. However, the procedure’s manner is not specified, and its necessity assumes that a durability test without such pre-weathering will not produce the structural changes that occur during outdoor use. To verify this assumption, this study examined the influence of natural, ground-level pre-weathering on the material properties of different WPC variants, which were tested at intervals of six months in four durability tests under laboratory conditions in accordance with EN 15534-1 (2018). Weathering factors were calculated from determined characteristic values such as mass loss, and loss in moduli of elasticity (MOE) and rupture (MOR). The weathering factors based on mechanical properties tended to decrease with increasing weathering duration. The expected negative influence of pre-weathering on these material properties was thus not confirmed. The weathering factors based on mass loss were subject to high variation. No significant effect of pre-weathering on mass loss due to fungal attack became evident. Overall, the necessity of a pre-weathering step in biological durability tests shall be questioned based on the presented results.\n
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\n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Wood modification with N-methylol and N-methyl compounds: a case study on how non-fixated chemicals in modified wood may affect the classification of their durability.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Emmerich, L.; Brischke, C.; and Militz, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Holzforschung, 75(11): 1061–1065. November 2021.\n Publisher: De Gruyter\n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{emmerich_wood_2021,\n\ttitle = {Wood modification with {N}-methylol and {N}-methyl compounds: a case study on how non-fixated chemicals in modified wood may affect the classification of their durability},\n\tvolume = {75},\n\tissn = {1437-434X},\n\tshorttitle = {Wood modification with {N}-methylol and {N}-methyl compounds},\n\turl = {https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/hf-2021-0037/pdf},\n\tdoi = {10.1515/hf-2021-0037},\n\tabstract = {Chemical modification is increasing the durability of wood against biological deterioration. Usually, the effect of a new treatment on the durability of wood is screened in laboratory decay tests, where durability classes are assigned on the basis of the mass loss ( ML ) caused by degrading fungi. The aim of this study was to demonstrate how non-fixated chemicals in modified wood may affect fungal ML measurements and corresponding durability classification when wood samples are incubated under humid conditions for long periods. Wood blocks were treated with solutions of 1,3-dimethylol-4,5-dihydroxyethyleneurea (DMDHEU), methylated DMDHEU (mDMDHEU) and 1,3-dimethyl-4,5-dihydroxyethyleneurea (DMeDHEU) and subjected to consecutive cold-water leaching cycles. Significant amounts of non-fixated chemicals were removed from the wood by three leaching cycles and might lead to ML mistaken as response of fungal decay. Consequently, the treated material was assigned erroneously by up to four durability classes (DC) worse than material which did not include leachable, non-fixated chemicals. Thus, for a reliable durability classification of chemically modified wood, prolonged leaching procedures are recommended to assure that the measured ML is entirely attributed to fungal decay.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {11},\n\turldate = {2022-01-17},\n\tjournal = {Holzforschung},\n\tauthor = {Emmerich, Lukas and Brischke, Christian and Militz, Holger},\n\tmonth = nov,\n\tyear = {2021},\n\tnote = {Publisher: De Gruyter},\n\tkeywords = {wood modification, EN 84, ageing, N-methyl, N-methylol, water leaching},\n\tpages = {1061--1065},\n}\n\n\n\n Chemical modification is increasing the durability of wood against biological deterioration. Usually, the effect of a new treatment on the durability of wood is screened in laboratory decay tests, where durability classes are assigned on the basis of the mass loss ( ML ) caused by degrading fungi. The aim of this study was to demonstrate how non-fixated chemicals in modified wood may affect fungal ML measurements and corresponding durability classification when wood samples are incubated under humid conditions for long periods. Wood blocks were treated with solutions of 1,3-dimethylol-4,5-dihydroxyethyleneurea (DMDHEU), methylated DMDHEU (mDMDHEU) and 1,3-dimethyl-4,5-dihydroxyethyleneurea (DMeDHEU) and subjected to consecutive cold-water leaching cycles. Significant amounts of non-fixated chemicals were removed from the wood by three leaching cycles and might lead to ML mistaken as response of fungal decay. Consequently, the treated material was assigned erroneously by up to four durability classes (DC) worse than material which did not include leachable, non-fixated chemicals. Thus, for a reliable durability classification of chemically modified wood, prolonged leaching procedures are recommended to assure that the measured ML is entirely attributed to fungal decay.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Monitoring of Beech Glued Laminated Timber and Delamination Resistance of Beech Finger-Joints in Varying Ambient Climates.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Stolze, H.; Schuh, M.; Kegel, S.; Fürkötter-Ziegenbein, C.; Brischke, C.; and Militz, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Forests, 12(12): 1672. December 2021.\n Number: 12 Publisher: Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \nPaper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{stolze_monitoring_2021,\n\ttitle = {Monitoring of {Beech} {Glued} {Laminated} {Timber} and {Delamination} {Resistance} of {Beech} {Finger}-{Joints} in {Varying} {Ambient} {Climates}},\n\tvolume = {12},\n\tcopyright = {http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/},\n\turl = {https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4907/12/12/1672},\n\tdoi = {10.3390/f12121672},\n\tabstract = {In this study, varying ambient climates were simulated in a test building by changing temperature and relative humidity. Beech glued laminated timber (glulam, Fagus sylvatica, L.) was freshly installed in the test building and monitoring of the change in wood moisture content of the glulam resulting from the variations in climate was carried out. Subsequently, finger-jointed beech specimens were exposed to the variations in relative humidity measured in the course of the monitoring experiment on a laboratory scale, and thus an alternating climate regime was derived from the conditions in the test building. Its influence on the delamination of the finger-joints was evaluated. In addition, it was examined whether beech finger-joints using commercial adhesive systems fulfil the normative requirements for delamination resistance according to EN 301 (2018) and whether different bonding-wood moisture levels have an effect on the delamination of the finger-joints. In the context of the monitoring experiment, there was a clear moisture gradient in the beech glulam between the inner and near-surface wood. The applied adhesive systems showed almost the same delamination resistance after variation of relative humidity. The normative requirements were met by all PRF-bonded and by most PUR-bonded beech finger-joints with higher bonding wood moisture content.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {12},\n\turldate = {2022-01-17},\n\tjournal = {Forests},\n\tauthor = {Stolze, Hannes and Schuh, Mathias and Kegel, Sebastian and Fürkötter-Ziegenbein, Connor and Brischke, Christian and Militz, Holger},\n\tmonth = dec,\n\tyear = {2021},\n\tnote = {Number: 12\nPublisher: Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute},\n\tkeywords = {adhesives, delamination, beech glulam, finger-joint bonding, monitoring experiment},\n\tpages = {1672},\n\tfile = {Full Text PDF:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\maicher\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\PTR39CZS\\\\Stolze et al. - 2021 - Monitoring of Beech Glued Laminated Timber and Del.pdf:application/pdf;Snapshot:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\maicher\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\8BNTBW9V\\\\1672.html:text/html},\n}\n\n\n\n In this study, varying ambient climates were simulated in a test building by changing temperature and relative humidity. Beech glued laminated timber (glulam, Fagus sylvatica, L.) was freshly installed in the test building and monitoring of the change in wood moisture content of the glulam resulting from the variations in climate was carried out. Subsequently, finger-jointed beech specimens were exposed to the variations in relative humidity measured in the course of the monitoring experiment on a laboratory scale, and thus an alternating climate regime was derived from the conditions in the test building. Its influence on the delamination of the finger-joints was evaluated. In addition, it was examined whether beech finger-joints using commercial adhesive systems fulfil the normative requirements for delamination resistance according to EN 301 (2018) and whether different bonding-wood moisture levels have an effect on the delamination of the finger-joints. In the context of the monitoring experiment, there was a clear moisture gradient in the beech glulam between the inner and near-surface wood. The applied adhesive systems showed almost the same delamination resistance after variation of relative humidity. The normative requirements were met by all PRF-bonded and by most PUR-bonded beech finger-joints with higher bonding wood moisture content.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Mapping the biotic degradation hazard of wood in Europe – biophysical background, engineering applications, and climate change-induced prospects.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n van Niekerk, P. B.; Marais, B. N.; Brischke, C.; Borges, L. M.; Kutnik, M.; Niklewski, J.; Ansard, D.; Humar, M.; Cragg, S. M.; and Militz, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Holzforschung, 0(0). December 2021.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{van_niekerk_mapping_2021,\n\ttitle = {Mapping the biotic degradation hazard of wood in {Europe} – biophysical background, engineering applications, and climate change-induced prospects},\n\tvolume = {0},\n\tissn = {0018-3830, 1437-434X},\n\turl = {https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/hf-2021-0169/html},\n\tdoi = {10.1515/hf-2021-0169},\n\tabstract = {Abstract\n \n Construction using timber has seen a resurgence in light of global climate mitigation policies. Wood is a renewable resource, and engineered wood products are proving to be competitive against concrete and steel while having several advantages. However, while the renewable nature of wood in construction is a beneficial property for climate mitigation policies, the process of biodegradation introduces a challenge for service life planning. A review of hazard mapping is presented while developing contemporary hazard maps, occurrence maps and projected hazard maps for 2050 using representative concentration pathways (\n RCP\n ) 2.6 and 8.5. The risk of timber decay is expected to increase in most of Europe as the temperatures rise, with a decrease expected in dryer regions. Termites are likely to experience a range expansion as more areas become suitable, while human activity and an increase in extreme weather events like floods are expected to facilitate dispersion. Marine borer species already present a risk in most European coastal regions; however, the effect of changes in water temperatures are likely to shift the boundaries for individual borer species. Overall, warmer climates are expected to increase the metabolic activity of all of these organisms leading to a general reduction in service life.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {0},\n\turldate = {2022-01-04},\n\tjournal = {Holzforschung},\n\tauthor = {van Niekerk, Philip B. and Marais, Brendan N. and Brischke, Christian and Borges, Luisa M.S. and Kutnik, Magdalena and Niklewski, Jonas and Ansard, David and Humar, Miha and Cragg, Simon M. and Militz, Holger},\n\tmonth = dec,\n\tyear = {2021},\n\tfile = {van Niekerk et al. - 2021 - Mapping the biotic degradation hazard of wood in E.pdf:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\maicher\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\BQYXSE3A\\\\van Niekerk et al. - 2021 - Mapping the biotic degradation hazard of wood in E.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n\n\n Abstract Construction using timber has seen a resurgence in light of global climate mitigation policies. Wood is a renewable resource, and engineered wood products are proving to be competitive against concrete and steel while having several advantages. However, while the renewable nature of wood in construction is a beneficial property for climate mitigation policies, the process of biodegradation introduces a challenge for service life planning. A review of hazard mapping is presented while developing contemporary hazard maps, occurrence maps and projected hazard maps for 2050 using representative concentration pathways ( RCP ) 2.6 and 8.5. The risk of timber decay is expected to increase in most of Europe as the temperatures rise, with a decrease expected in dryer regions. Termites are likely to experience a range expansion as more areas become suitable, while human activity and an increase in extreme weather events like floods are expected to facilitate dispersion. Marine borer species already present a risk in most European coastal regions; however, the effect of changes in water temperatures are likely to shift the boundaries for individual borer species. Overall, warmer climates are expected to increase the metabolic activity of all of these organisms leading to a general reduction in service life.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Decadal Variations of Wood Decay Hazard and El Niño Southern Oscillation Phases in Iran.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Helali, J.; Momenzadeh, H.; Saeidi, V.; Brischke, C.; Ebrahimi, G.; and Lotfi, M.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Frontiers in Forests and Global Change, 4: 693833. December 2021.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{helali_decadal_2021,\n\ttitle = {Decadal {Variations} of {Wood} {Decay} {Hazard} and {El} {Niño} {Southern} {Oscillation} {Phases} in {Iran}},\n\tvolume = {4},\n\tissn = {2624-893X},\n\turl = {https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/ffgc.2021.693833/full},\n\tdoi = {10.3389/ffgc.2021.693833},\n\tabstract = {The intensive use of wood resources is a challenging subject around the world due to urbanization, population growth, and the biodegradability of wooden materials. The study of the climatic conditions and their effects on biotic wood degradation can provide a track of trends of wood decay and decomposition at regional and global scales to predict the upcoming responses. Thus, it yields an overview for decision-makers and managers to create a precise guideline for the protection of wooden structures and prolonged service life of wooden products. This study aimed at investigating the decay hazard in Iran, its decadal changes, and how it is affected by different phases of the El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO). Therefore, the risk for fungal decay of wood was estimated based on the Scheffer Climate Index (SCI) at 100 meteorological stations located in Iran, for the period 1987–2019 (separately for first, second, and third decade as decadal analysis). Subsequently, SCI value trends were analyzed using the Mann–Kendall and Sen’s slope method. Finally, the relationship between SCI and climatic parameters (temperature and precipitation) was explored. Generally, the SCI fluctuated between 2 and 75 across the region. The decay risk was ranked as low in most parts, but moderate in the northern part of the country along the Caspian Sea coastlines. Decadal analysis demonstrated that the highest mean SCI values took more place in the third decade (58\\% of stations) and the lowest mean SCI values in the second decade (71\\% of stations). Furthermore, the highest and the lowest SCI values occurred at 70 and 66\\% of stations in El Niño and Neutral phase, respectively. Trend analysis of SCI values showed that large parts of several provinces (i.e., Markazi, Tehran, Alborz, Qazvin, Zanjan, Ardebil, East Azarbayjan, West Azarbayjan, Kurdestan, Kermanshah, and Ilam) exhibited a significantly increasing decay hazard with a mean SCI of 2.9 during the period of 33 years. An analysis of causative factors (climatic parameters) for these changes revealed that all the meteorological stations experienced a significant increase in temperature while the number of days with more than 0.25 mm precipitation increased at some stations but decreased at others. However, in summary, the SCI increased over time. Hence, in this study, the effect of precipitation on SCI was confirmed to be greater than the temperature. Analysis of the results shows that the correlation between the SCI and ENSO was positive in most of the stations. Moreover, the results of spectral coherent analysis of SCI and ENSO in different climates of Iran showed that the maximum values of SCI do not correspond to the maximum values of ENSO and are associated with lag time. Therefore, the extreme values of the SCI values cannot be interpreted solely on the basis of the ENSO.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\turldate = {2021-12-13},\n\tjournal = {Frontiers in Forests and Global Change},\n\tauthor = {Helali, Jalil and Momenzadeh, Hossein and Saeidi, Vahideh and Brischke, Christian and Ebrahimi, Ghanbar and Lotfi, Mohammad},\n\tmonth = dec,\n\tyear = {2021},\n\tpages = {693833},\n\tfile = {Helali et al. - 2021 - Decadal Variations of Wood Decay Hazard and El Niñ.pdf:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\maicher\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\IHHIHSST\\\\Helali et al. - 2021 - Decadal Variations of Wood Decay Hazard and El Niñ.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n\n\n The intensive use of wood resources is a challenging subject around the world due to urbanization, population growth, and the biodegradability of wooden materials. The study of the climatic conditions and their effects on biotic wood degradation can provide a track of trends of wood decay and decomposition at regional and global scales to predict the upcoming responses. Thus, it yields an overview for decision-makers and managers to create a precise guideline for the protection of wooden structures and prolonged service life of wooden products. This study aimed at investigating the decay hazard in Iran, its decadal changes, and how it is affected by different phases of the El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO). Therefore, the risk for fungal decay of wood was estimated based on the Scheffer Climate Index (SCI) at 100 meteorological stations located in Iran, for the period 1987–2019 (separately for first, second, and third decade as decadal analysis). Subsequently, SCI value trends were analyzed using the Mann–Kendall and Sen’s slope method. Finally, the relationship between SCI and climatic parameters (temperature and precipitation) was explored. Generally, the SCI fluctuated between 2 and 75 across the region. The decay risk was ranked as low in most parts, but moderate in the northern part of the country along the Caspian Sea coastlines. Decadal analysis demonstrated that the highest mean SCI values took more place in the third decade (58% of stations) and the lowest mean SCI values in the second decade (71% of stations). Furthermore, the highest and the lowest SCI values occurred at 70 and 66% of stations in El Niño and Neutral phase, respectively. Trend analysis of SCI values showed that large parts of several provinces (i.e., Markazi, Tehran, Alborz, Qazvin, Zanjan, Ardebil, East Azarbayjan, West Azarbayjan, Kurdestan, Kermanshah, and Ilam) exhibited a significantly increasing decay hazard with a mean SCI of 2.9 during the period of 33 years. An analysis of causative factors (climatic parameters) for these changes revealed that all the meteorological stations experienced a significant increase in temperature while the number of days with more than 0.25 mm precipitation increased at some stations but decreased at others. However, in summary, the SCI increased over time. Hence, in this study, the effect of precipitation on SCI was confirmed to be greater than the temperature. Analysis of the results shows that the correlation between the SCI and ENSO was positive in most of the stations. Moreover, the results of spectral coherent analysis of SCI and ENSO in different climates of Iran showed that the maximum values of SCI do not correspond to the maximum values of ENSO and are associated with lag time. Therefore, the extreme values of the SCI values cannot be interpreted solely on the basis of the ENSO.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Comparative studies on the durability and moisture performance of wood modified with cyclic N-methylol and N-methyl compounds.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Emmerich, L.; Ehrmann, A.; Brischke, C.; and Militz, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Wood Science and Technology, 55(6): 1531–1554. November 2021.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{emmerich_comparative_2021,\n\ttitle = {Comparative studies on the durability and moisture performance of wood modified with cyclic {N}-methylol and {N}-methyl compounds},\n\tvolume = {55},\n\tissn = {1432-5225},\n\turl = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s00226-021-01303-8},\n\tdoi = {10.1007/s00226-021-01303-8},\n\tabstract = {Glyoxal-based condensation resins like 1,3-dimethylol-4,5-dihydroxyethyleneurea (DMDHEU) have been used to modify wood and improve its resistance against decaying fungi. High biological durability of DMDHEU-treated wood has already been confirmed in laboratory and field tests in the past. However, the modes of protective action behind an improved decay resistance are not fully understood yet. Furthermore, it is questionable how the use of formaldehyde-poor N-methylol and formaldehyde-free N-methyl compounds instead of DMDHEU affects the moisture behavior and durability, respectively. In this study, wood blocks were treated with N-methylol (DMDHEU, methylated DMDHEU) and N-methyl compounds (1,3-dimethyl-4,5-dihydroxyethyleneurea; DMeDHEU). Untreated and modified specimens were exposed to different moisture regimes and wood-destroying fungi in order to study the indicators that control changes in the wetting ability and decay resistance. Both N-methylol and N-methyl compounds decreased the water uptake and release and increased the durability of Scots pine sapwood from ‘not durable’ (DC 5) to ‘very durable to durable’ (DC 1–2). However, high fluctuations were observed in water uptake and release as well as mass loss (ML) caused by fungal decay, when modified specimens were tested without passing through a cold-water leaching. Consequently, a significant effect of the leaching procedure according to EN 84 on the durability classification could be established. The latter appeared more pronounced for treatments with N-methyl compounds compared to N-methylol compounds. Finally, wetting ability (kwa) and resistance indicating factors (kinh) enabled a forecast of high biological durability for both treatments with N-methylol and N-methyl compounds under real service life conditions.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {6},\n\turldate = {2021-11-02},\n\tjournal = {Wood Science and Technology},\n\tauthor = {Emmerich, Lukas and Ehrmann, Alexander and Brischke, Christian and Militz, Holger},\n\tmonth = nov,\n\tyear = {2021},\n\tpages = {1531--1554},\n\tfile = {Springer Full Text PDF:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\maicher\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\P3KTLDXZ\\\\Emmerich et al. - 2021 - Comparative studies on the durability and moisture.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n\n\n Glyoxal-based condensation resins like 1,3-dimethylol-4,5-dihydroxyethyleneurea (DMDHEU) have been used to modify wood and improve its resistance against decaying fungi. High biological durability of DMDHEU-treated wood has already been confirmed in laboratory and field tests in the past. However, the modes of protective action behind an improved decay resistance are not fully understood yet. Furthermore, it is questionable how the use of formaldehyde-poor N-methylol and formaldehyde-free N-methyl compounds instead of DMDHEU affects the moisture behavior and durability, respectively. In this study, wood blocks were treated with N-methylol (DMDHEU, methylated DMDHEU) and N-methyl compounds (1,3-dimethyl-4,5-dihydroxyethyleneurea; DMeDHEU). Untreated and modified specimens were exposed to different moisture regimes and wood-destroying fungi in order to study the indicators that control changes in the wetting ability and decay resistance. Both N-methylol and N-methyl compounds decreased the water uptake and release and increased the durability of Scots pine sapwood from ‘not durable’ (DC 5) to ‘very durable to durable’ (DC 1–2). However, high fluctuations were observed in water uptake and release as well as mass loss (ML) caused by fungal decay, when modified specimens were tested without passing through a cold-water leaching. Consequently, a significant effect of the leaching procedure according to EN 84 on the durability classification could be established. The latter appeared more pronounced for treatments with N-methyl compounds compared to N-methylol compounds. Finally, wetting ability (kwa) and resistance indicating factors (kinh) enabled a forecast of high biological durability for both treatments with N-methylol and N-methyl compounds under real service life conditions.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Foil Storage for Conservation of Beetle-infested Spruce Logs – a Feasibility Study.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Brischke, C.; Bollmus, S.; Braun, M.; and Emmerich, L.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In Proceedings of the 17th annual meeting of the Northern European Network for Wood Science and Engineering (WSE 2021), pages 86–88, Kaunas, Lithuania, October 2021. \n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n\n@inproceedings{brischke_foil_2021,\n\taddress = {Kaunas, Lithuania},\n\ttitle = {Foil {Storage} for {Conservation} of {Beetle}-infested {Spruce} {Logs} – a {Feasibility} {Study}},\n\tisbn = {978-609-02-1762-7},\n\tlanguage = {EN},\n\tbooktitle = {Proceedings of the 17th annual meeting of the {Northern} {European} {Network} for {Wood} {Science} and {Engineering} ({WSE} 2021)},\n\tauthor = {Brischke, Christian and Bollmus, Susanne and Braun, Marco and Emmerich, Lukas},\n\tmonth = oct,\n\tyear = {2021},\n\tpages = {86--88},\n}\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Mapping the Present and Future Fungal Decay Hazard of Aboveground Wood in Europe.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Marais, B. N.; Van Niekerk, P. B.; Niklewski, J.; Brischke, C.; and Militz, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In Proceedings of the 17th annual meeting of the Northern European Network for Wood Science and Engineering (WSE 2021), pages 60–62, Kaunas, Lithuania, October 2021. \n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n\n@inproceedings{marais_mapping_2021,\n\taddress = {Kaunas, Lithuania},\n\ttitle = {Mapping the {Present} and {Future} {Fungal} {Decay} {Hazard} of {Aboveground} {Wood} in {Europe}},\n\tisbn = {978-609-02-1762-7},\n\tlanguage = {EN},\n\tbooktitle = {Proceedings of the 17th annual meeting of the {Northern} {European} {Network} for {Wood} {Science} and {Engineering} ({WSE} 2021)},\n\tauthor = {Marais, Brendan Nicholas and Van Niekerk, Philip Bester and Niklewski, Jonas and Brischke, Christian and Militz, Holger},\n\tmonth = oct,\n\tyear = {2021},\n\tpages = {60--62},\n}\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Evaluation of Splash Water Contact Scenarios on Wooden Cladding and its Influence on the Moisture Induced Risk of Decay.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n van Niekerk, P. B.; Brischke, C.; Rabke, J. J.; Simmering, C.; and Tausendfreund, J. M.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In Proceedings of the 17th annual meeting of the Northern European Network for Wood Science and Engineering (WSE 2021), pages 49–51, Kaunas, Lithuania, October 2021. \n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n\n@inproceedings{van_niekerk_evaluation_2021,\n\taddress = {Kaunas, Lithuania},\n\ttitle = {Evaluation of {Splash} {Water} {Contact} {Scenarios} on {Wooden} {Cladding} and its {Influence} on the {Moisture} {Induced} {Risk} of {Decay}},\n\tisbn = {978-609-02-1762-7},\n\tlanguage = {EN},\n\tbooktitle = {Proceedings of the 17th annual meeting of the {Northern} {European} {Network} for {Wood} {Science} and {Engineering} ({WSE} 2021)},\n\tauthor = {van Niekerk, Philip Bester and Brischke, Christian and Rabke, Joshua Jannik and Simmering, Christian and Tausendfreund, Jan Miguel},\n\tmonth = oct,\n\tyear = {2021},\n\tpages = {49--51},\n}\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Electrical moisture content measurements of modified wood.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Emmerich, L.; and Brischke, C.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Holztechnologie, 62(2): 11–22. 2021.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{emmerich_electrical_2021,\n\ttitle = {Electrical moisture content measurements of modified wood},\n\tvolume = {62},\n\tabstract = {Material specific moisture content-electrical resistance (MC-R) functions were calculated for thermally and chemically modified (DMDHEU, acetylation, furfurylation) timber. In comparison with an untreated reference, the electrical conductivity of wood increased by both thermal and chemical modifications. Hence, material-specific MC-R functions are needed for modified wood to receive the highest possible accuracy when monitoring moisture developments based on electrical R measurements. When using MC-R functions of untreated wood for MC estimates in modified materials of the same wood species, this resulted in overestimates of the modified woods´ actual MCmaterial by up to 12.0 \\%. The overestimate of the actual MC increased further (up to 14.0 \\%), when MCwood was considered for the modified materials. Consequently, applying MC-R functions of untreated wood for MC estimates in modified materials overestimates the actual MC and by that underestimates the predicted service life of wooden constructions significantly. The presented, material-specific MC-R functions may require a correction, when process conditions (temperature, pressure atmosphere) or chemical amounts vary as crucial factors for the electrical properties in wood.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {2},\n\tjournal = {Holztechnologie},\n\tauthor = {Emmerich, Lukas and Brischke, Christian},\n\tyear = {2021},\n\tpages = {11--22},\n}\n\n\n\n Material specific moisture content-electrical resistance (MC-R) functions were calculated for thermally and chemically modified (DMDHEU, acetylation, furfurylation) timber. In comparison with an untreated reference, the electrical conductivity of wood increased by both thermal and chemical modifications. Hence, material-specific MC-R functions are needed for modified wood to receive the highest possible accuracy when monitoring moisture developments based on electrical R measurements. When using MC-R functions of untreated wood for MC estimates in modified materials of the same wood species, this resulted in overestimates of the modified woods´ actual MCmaterial by up to 12.0 %. The overestimate of the actual MC increased further (up to 14.0 %), when MCwood was considered for the modified materials. Consequently, applying MC-R functions of untreated wood for MC estimates in modified materials overestimates the actual MC and by that underestimates the predicted service life of wooden constructions significantly. The presented, material-specific MC-R functions may require a correction, when process conditions (temperature, pressure atmosphere) or chemical amounts vary as crucial factors for the electrical properties in wood.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Modeling the Performance of Wood and Wood Products.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Brischke, C.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Forests, 12(7): 959. July 2021.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{brischke_modeling_2021,\n\ttitle = {Modeling the {Performance} of {Wood} and {Wood} {Products}},\n\tvolume = {12},\n\tissn = {1999-4907},\n\turl = {https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4907/12/7/959},\n\tdoi = {10.3390/f12070959},\n\tabstract = {Wood is an advantageous building material with respect to its material properties, its renewable character, its sustainable production, and its ability to store sequestered carbon [...]},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {7},\n\turldate = {2021-07-21},\n\tjournal = {Forests},\n\tauthor = {Brischke, Christian},\n\tmonth = jul,\n\tyear = {2021},\n\tpages = {959},\n\tfile = {Brischke - 2021 - Modeling the Performance of Wood and Wood Products.pdf:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\maicher\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\WSHANPUW\\\\Brischke - 2021 - Modeling the Performance of Wood and Wood Products.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n\n\n Wood is an advantageous building material with respect to its material properties, its renewable character, its sustainable production, and its ability to store sequestered carbon [...]\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Studies into Fungal Decay of Wood in Ground Contact—Part 2: Development of a Dose–Response Model to Predict Decay Rate.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Marais, B. N.; van Niekerk, P. B.; and Brischke, C.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Forests, 12(6): 698. May 2021.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{marais_studies_2021,\n\ttitle = {Studies into {Fungal} {Decay} of {Wood} in {Ground} {Contact}—{Part} 2: {Development} of a {Dose}–{Response} {Model} to {Predict} {Decay} {Rate}},\n\tvolume = {12},\n\tissn = {1999-4907},\n\tshorttitle = {Studies into {Fungal} {Decay} of {Wood} in {Ground} {Contact}—{Part} 2},\n\turl = {https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4907/12/6/698},\n\tdoi = {10.3390/f12060698},\n\tabstract = {In this article a dose–response model was developed to describe the effect of soil temperature, soil moisture content, and soil water-holding capacity, on the decay of European beech (Fagus sylvatica) wood specimens exposed to soil contact. The developed dose–response model represents a step forward in incorporating soil-level variables into the prediction of wood decay over time. This builds upon prior models such as those developed within the TimberLife software package, but also aligns with similar modeling methodology employed for wood exposed above ground. The model was developed from laboratory data generated from terrestrial microcosm trials which used test specimens of standard dimension, incubated in a range of soil conditions and temperatures, for a maximum period of 16 weeks. Wood mass loss was used as a metric for wood decay. The dose aspect of the developed function modelled wood mass loss in two facets; soil temperature against wood mass loss, and soil water-holding capacity and soil moisture content against wood mass loss. In combination, the two functions describe the wood mass loss as a function of a total daily exposure dose, accumulated over the exposure period. The model was deemed conservative, delivering an overprediction of wood decay, or underprediction of wood service-life, when validated on a similar, but independent dataset (R2 = 0.65). Future works will develop similar models for outdoor, fieldtrial datasets as a basis for service-life prediction of wooden elements used in soil contact.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {6},\n\turldate = {2021-06-01},\n\tjournal = {Forests},\n\tauthor = {Marais, Brendan Nicholas and van Niekerk, Philip Bester and Brischke, Christian},\n\tmonth = may,\n\tyear = {2021},\n\tpages = {698},\n\tfile = {Marais et al. - 2021 - Studies into Fungal Decay of Wood in Ground Contac.pdf:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\maicher\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\TB9KJ2AS\\\\Marais et al. - 2021 - Studies into Fungal Decay of Wood in Ground Contac.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n\n\n In this article a dose–response model was developed to describe the effect of soil temperature, soil moisture content, and soil water-holding capacity, on the decay of European beech (Fagus sylvatica) wood specimens exposed to soil contact. The developed dose–response model represents a step forward in incorporating soil-level variables into the prediction of wood decay over time. This builds upon prior models such as those developed within the TimberLife software package, but also aligns with similar modeling methodology employed for wood exposed above ground. The model was developed from laboratory data generated from terrestrial microcosm trials which used test specimens of standard dimension, incubated in a range of soil conditions and temperatures, for a maximum period of 16 weeks. Wood mass loss was used as a metric for wood decay. The dose aspect of the developed function modelled wood mass loss in two facets; soil temperature against wood mass loss, and soil water-holding capacity and soil moisture content against wood mass loss. In combination, the two functions describe the wood mass loss as a function of a total daily exposure dose, accumulated over the exposure period. The model was deemed conservative, delivering an overprediction of wood decay, or underprediction of wood service-life, when validated on a similar, but independent dataset (R2 = 0.65). Future works will develop similar models for outdoor, fieldtrial datasets as a basis for service-life prediction of wooden elements used in soil contact.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Evaluation of Moisture and Decay Models for a New Design Framework for Decay Prediction of Wood.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Niklewski, J.; van Niekerk, P. B.; Brischke, C.; and Hansson, E. F.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Forests, 0(0): 17. 2021.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{niklewski_evaluation_2021,\n\ttitle = {Evaluation of {Moisture} and {Decay} {Models} for a {New} {Design} {Framework} for {Decay} {Prediction} of {Wood}},\n\tvolume = {0},\n\tabstract = {Performance-based, service-life design of wood has been the focus of much research in recent decades. Previous works have been synthesized in various factorized design frameworks presented in the form of technical reports. Factorization does not consider the non-linear dependency between decay-influencing effects, such as between detail design and climate variables. The CLICKdesign project is a joint European effort targeting digital, performance-based specification for service-life design (SLD) of wood. This study evaluates the feasibility of using a semi-empirical moisture model (SMM) as a basis for a digital SLD framework. The performance of the SMM is assessed by comparison against a finite element model (FEM). In addition, two different wood decay models (a logistic, LM, and simplified logistic model (SLM)) are compared. While discrepancies between the SMM and FEM were detected particularly at high wood moisture content, the overall performance of the SMM was deemed sufficient for the application. The main source of uncertainty instead stems from the choice of wood decay model. Based on the results, a new method based on pre-calculated time series, empirical equations, and interpolation is proposed for predicting the service life of wood. The method is fast and simple yet able to deal with non-linear effects between weather variables and the design of details. As such, it can easily be implemented as part of a digital design guideline to provide decision support for architects and engineers, with less uncertainty than existing factorized guidelines.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {0},\n\tjournal = {Forests},\n\tauthor = {Niklewski, Jonas and van Niekerk, Philip Bester and Brischke, Christian and Hansson, Eva Frühwald},\n\tyear = {2021},\n\tpages = {17},\n\tfile = {Niklewski et al. - 2021 - Evaluation of Moisture and Decay Models for a New .pdf:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\maicher\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\6ZSHKNGX\\\\Niklewski et al. - 2021 - Evaluation of Moisture and Decay Models for a New .pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n\n\n Performance-based, service-life design of wood has been the focus of much research in recent decades. Previous works have been synthesized in various factorized design frameworks presented in the form of technical reports. Factorization does not consider the non-linear dependency between decay-influencing effects, such as between detail design and climate variables. The CLICKdesign project is a joint European effort targeting digital, performance-based specification for service-life design (SLD) of wood. This study evaluates the feasibility of using a semi-empirical moisture model (SMM) as a basis for a digital SLD framework. The performance of the SMM is assessed by comparison against a finite element model (FEM). In addition, two different wood decay models (a logistic, LM, and simplified logistic model (SLM)) are compared. While discrepancies between the SMM and FEM were detected particularly at high wood moisture content, the overall performance of the SMM was deemed sufficient for the application. The main source of uncertainty instead stems from the choice of wood decay model. Based on the results, a new method based on pre-calculated time series, empirical equations, and interpolation is proposed for predicting the service life of wood. The method is fast and simple yet able to deal with non-linear effects between weather variables and the design of details. As such, it can easily be implemented as part of a digital design guideline to provide decision support for architects and engineers, with less uncertainty than existing factorized guidelines.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Modeling the Material Resistance of Wood—Part 2: Validation and Optimization of the Meyer-Veltrup Model.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Brischke, C.; Alfredsen, G.; Humar, M.; Conti, E.; Cookson, L.; Emmerich, L.; Flæte, P. O.; Fortino, S.; Francis, L.; Hundhausen, U.; Irbe, I.; Jacobs, K.; Klamer, M.; Kržišnik, D.; Lesar, B.; Melcher, E.; Meyer-Veltrup, L.; Morrell, J. J.; Norton, J.; Palanti, S.; Presley, G.; Reinprecht, L.; Singh, T.; Stirling, R.; Venäläinen, M.; Westin, M.; Wong, A. H. H.; and Suttie, E.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Forests, 12(5): 576. May 2021.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{brischke_modeling_2021-1,\n\ttitle = {Modeling the {Material} {Resistance} of {Wood}—{Part} 2: {Validation} and {Optimization} of the {Meyer}-{Veltrup} {Model}},\n\tvolume = {12},\n\tissn = {1999-4907},\n\tshorttitle = {Modeling the {Material} {Resistance} of {Wood}—{Part} 2},\n\turl = {https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4907/12/5/576},\n\tdoi = {10.3390/f12050576},\n\tabstract = {Service life planning with timber requires reliable models for quantifying the effects of exposure-related parameters and the material-inherent resistance of wood against biotic agents. The Meyer-Veltrup model was the first attempt to account for inherent protective properties and the wetting ability of wood to quantify resistance of wood in a quantitative manner. Based on test data on brown, white, and soft rot as well as moisture dynamics, the decay rates of different untreated wood species were predicted relative to the reference species of Norway spruce (Picea abies). The present study aimed to validate and optimize the resistance model for a wider range of wood species including very durable species, thermally and chemically modified wood, and preservative treated wood. The general model structure was shown to also be suitable for highly durable materials, but previously defined maximum thresholds had to be adjusted (i.e., maximum values of factors accounting for wetting ability and inherent protective properties) to 18 instead of 5 compared to Norway spruce. As expected, both the enlarged span in durability and the use of numerous and partly very divergent data sources (i.e., test methods, test locations, and types of data presentation) led to a decrease in the predictive power of the model compared to the original. In addition to the need to enlarge the database quantity and improve its quality, in particular for treated wood, it might be advantageous to use separate models for untreated and treated wood as long as the effect of additional impact variables (e.g., treatment quality) can be accounted for. Nevertheless, the adapted Meyer-Veltrup model will serve as an instrument to quantify material resistance for a wide range of wood-based materials as an input for comprehensive service life prediction software.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {5},\n\turldate = {2021-05-18},\n\tjournal = {Forests},\n\tauthor = {Brischke, Christian and Alfredsen, Gry and Humar, Miha and Conti, Elena and Cookson, Laurie and Emmerich, Lukas and Flæte, Per Otto and Fortino, Stefania and Francis, Lesley and Hundhausen, Ulrich and Irbe, Ilze and Jacobs, Kordula and Klamer, Morten and Kržišnik, Davor and Lesar, Boštjan and Melcher, Eckhard and Meyer-Veltrup, Linda and Morrell, Jeffrey J. and Norton, Jack and Palanti, Sabrina and Presley, Gerald and Reinprecht, Ladislav and Singh, Tripti and Stirling, Rod and Venäläinen, Martti and Westin, Mats and Wong, Andrew H. H. and Suttie, Ed},\n\tmonth = may,\n\tyear = {2021},\n\tpages = {576},\n\tfile = {Brischke et al. - 2021 - Modeling the Material Resistance of Wood—Part 2 V.pdf:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\maicher\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\APG4279F\\\\Brischke et al. - 2021 - Modeling the Material Resistance of Wood—Part 2 V.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n\n\n Service life planning with timber requires reliable models for quantifying the effects of exposure-related parameters and the material-inherent resistance of wood against biotic agents. The Meyer-Veltrup model was the first attempt to account for inherent protective properties and the wetting ability of wood to quantify resistance of wood in a quantitative manner. Based on test data on brown, white, and soft rot as well as moisture dynamics, the decay rates of different untreated wood species were predicted relative to the reference species of Norway spruce (Picea abies). The present study aimed to validate and optimize the resistance model for a wider range of wood species including very durable species, thermally and chemically modified wood, and preservative treated wood. The general model structure was shown to also be suitable for highly durable materials, but previously defined maximum thresholds had to be adjusted (i.e., maximum values of factors accounting for wetting ability and inherent protective properties) to 18 instead of 5 compared to Norway spruce. As expected, both the enlarged span in durability and the use of numerous and partly very divergent data sources (i.e., test methods, test locations, and types of data presentation) led to a decrease in the predictive power of the model compared to the original. In addition to the need to enlarge the database quantity and improve its quality, in particular for treated wood, it might be advantageous to use separate models for untreated and treated wood as long as the effect of additional impact variables (e.g., treatment quality) can be accounted for. Nevertheless, the adapted Meyer-Veltrup model will serve as an instrument to quantify material resistance for a wide range of wood-based materials as an input for comprehensive service life prediction software.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Modelling the Material Resistance of Wood—Part 1: Utilizing Durability Test Data Based on Different Reference Wood Species.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Alfredsen, G.; Brischke, C.; Marais, B. N.; Stein, R. F. A.; Zimmer, K.; and Humar, M.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Forests, 12(5): 558. April 2021.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \nPaper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n \n \n 2 downloads\n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{alfredsen_modelling_2021,\n\ttitle = {Modelling the {Material} {Resistance} of {Wood}—{Part} 1: {Utilizing} {Durability} {Test} {Data} {Based} on {Different} {Reference} {Wood} {Species}},\n\tvolume = {12},\n\tissn = {1999-4907},\n\tshorttitle = {Modelling the {Material} {Resistance} of {Wood}—{Part} 1},\n\turl = {https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4907/12/5/558},\n\tdoi = {10.3390/f12050558},\n\tabstract = {To evaluate the performance of new wood-based products, reference wood species with known performances are included in laboratory and field trials. However, different wood species vary in their durability performance, and there will also be a within-species variation. The primary aim of this paper was to compare the material resistance against decay fungi and moisture performance of three European reference wood species, i.e., Scots pine sapwood (Pinus sylvestris), Norway spruce (Picea abies), and European beech (Fagus sylvatica). Wood material was collected from 43 locations all over Europe and exposed to brown rot (Rhodonia placenta), white rot (Trametes versicolor) or soft rot fungi. In addition, five different moisture performance characteristics were analyzed. The main results were the two factors accounting for the wetting ability (kwa) and the inherent protective properties of wood (kinh), factors for conversion between Norway spruce vs. Scots pine sapwood or European beech for the three decay types and four moisture tests, and material resistance dose (DRd) per wood species. The data illustrate that the differences between the three European reference wood species were minor, both with regard to decay and moisture performance. The results also highlight the importance of defined boundaries for density and annual ring width when comparing materials within and between experiments. It was concluded that with the factors obtained, existing, and future test data, where only one or two of the mentioned reference species were used, can be transferred to models and prediction tools that use another of the reference species.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {5},\n\turldate = {2021-05-18},\n\tjournal = {Forests},\n\tauthor = {Alfredsen, Gry and Brischke, Christian and Marais, Brendan N. and Stein, Robert F. A. and Zimmer, Katrin and Humar, Miha},\n\tmonth = apr,\n\tyear = {2021},\n\tpages = {558},\n\tfile = {Alfredsen et al. - 2021 - Modelling the Material Resistance of Wood—Part 1 .pdf:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\maicher\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\MATGEGAE\\\\Alfredsen et al. - 2021 - Modelling the Material Resistance of Wood—Part 1 .pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n\n\n To evaluate the performance of new wood-based products, reference wood species with known performances are included in laboratory and field trials. However, different wood species vary in their durability performance, and there will also be a within-species variation. The primary aim of this paper was to compare the material resistance against decay fungi and moisture performance of three European reference wood species, i.e., Scots pine sapwood (Pinus sylvestris), Norway spruce (Picea abies), and European beech (Fagus sylvatica). Wood material was collected from 43 locations all over Europe and exposed to brown rot (Rhodonia placenta), white rot (Trametes versicolor) or soft rot fungi. In addition, five different moisture performance characteristics were analyzed. The main results were the two factors accounting for the wetting ability (kwa) and the inherent protective properties of wood (kinh), factors for conversion between Norway spruce vs. Scots pine sapwood or European beech for the three decay types and four moisture tests, and material resistance dose (DRd) per wood species. The data illustrate that the differences between the three European reference wood species were minor, both with regard to decay and moisture performance. The results also highlight the importance of defined boundaries for density and annual ring width when comparing materials within and between experiments. It was concluded that with the factors obtained, existing, and future test data, where only one or two of the mentioned reference species were used, can be transferred to models and prediction tools that use another of the reference species.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Dynamic strength properties and structural integrity of wood modified with cyclic N -methylol and N -methyl compounds.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Emmerich, L.; Brischke, C.; Bollmus, S.; and Militz, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Holzforschung, 0(0): 000010151520210013. April 2021.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{emmerich_dynamic_2021,\n\ttitle = {Dynamic strength properties and structural integrity of wood modified with cyclic \\textit{{N}} -methylol and \\textit{{N}} -methyl compounds},\n\tvolume = {0},\n\tissn = {1437-434X, 0018-3830},\n\turl = {https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/hf-2021-0013/html},\n\tdoi = {10.1515/hf-2021-0013},\n\tabstract = {Cyclic N-methylol compounds have been used for cell wall impregnation modifications of wood. Besides an improved decay resistance and dimensional stability, the modifications resulted in a decrease of wood’s dynamic strength properties. However, the mechanisms behind a significant loss in dynamic strength are not fully understood yet. In this study, wood blocks were treated with the N-methylol compounds 1,3-dimethylol4,5-dihydroxyethyleneurea (DMDHEU) and methylated DMDHEU (mDMDHEU) and the N-methyl compound 1,3-dimethyl-4,5-dihydroxy-ethyleneurea (DMeDHEU). In order to study the factors that control the changes of wood performance under dynamic loads, single (impact bending strength, IBS) and multiple dynamic impact (resistance to impact milling, RIM) tests were applied. It became evident, that reductions in IBS and RIM increased with increasing solid content, formaldehyde content and catalyst concentration of the impregnation solutions, but were not affected by a cold-water leaching. Differences in structural integrity of wood modified with N-methylol and N-methyl compounds were more pronounced than those of IBS. Therefore, RIM appeared more sensitive to changes on cellular level, as a higher degree of co-condensation of the N-methylol compounds with cell wall polymers was expected in comparison with the N-methyl compound.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {0},\n\turldate = {2021-05-18},\n\tjournal = {Holzforschung},\n\tauthor = {Emmerich, Lukas and Brischke, Christian and Bollmus, Susanne and Militz, Holger},\n\tmonth = apr,\n\tyear = {2021},\n\tkeywords = {DMDHEU, resistance to impact milling, mDMDHEU, impact bending strength, DMeDHEU, structural integrity},\n\tpages = {000010151520210013},\n\tfile = {Emmerich et al. - 2021 - Dynamic strength properties and structural integri.pdf:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\maicher\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\6BKYE94F\\\\Emmerich et al. - 2021 - Dynamic strength properties and structural integri.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n\n\n Cyclic N-methylol compounds have been used for cell wall impregnation modifications of wood. Besides an improved decay resistance and dimensional stability, the modifications resulted in a decrease of wood’s dynamic strength properties. However, the mechanisms behind a significant loss in dynamic strength are not fully understood yet. In this study, wood blocks were treated with the N-methylol compounds 1,3-dimethylol4,5-dihydroxyethyleneurea (DMDHEU) and methylated DMDHEU (mDMDHEU) and the N-methyl compound 1,3-dimethyl-4,5-dihydroxy-ethyleneurea (DMeDHEU). In order to study the factors that control the changes of wood performance under dynamic loads, single (impact bending strength, IBS) and multiple dynamic impact (resistance to impact milling, RIM) tests were applied. It became evident, that reductions in IBS and RIM increased with increasing solid content, formaldehyde content and catalyst concentration of the impregnation solutions, but were not affected by a cold-water leaching. Differences in structural integrity of wood modified with N-methylol and N-methyl compounds were more pronounced than those of IBS. Therefore, RIM appeared more sensitive to changes on cellular level, as a higher degree of co-condensation of the N-methylol compounds with cell wall polymers was expected in comparison with the N-methyl compound.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Modelling the Material Resistance of Wood—Part 3: Relative Resistance in above and in Ground Situations—Results of a Global Survey.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Brischke, C.; Alfredsen, G.; Humar, M.; Conti, E.; Cookson, L.; Emmerich, L.; Flæte, P. O.; Fortino, S.; Francis, L.; Hundhausen, U.; Irbe, I.; Jacobs, K.; Klamer, M.; Kržišnik, D.; Lesar, B.; Melcher, E.; Meyer-Veltrup, L.; Morrell, J. J.; Norton, J.; Palanti, S.; Presley, G.; Reinprecht, L.; Singh, T.; Stirling, R.; Venäläinen, M.; Westin, M.; Wong, A. H. H.; and Suttie, E.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Forests, 12(5): 590. May 2021.\n Number: 5 Publisher: Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute\n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{brischke_modelling_2021,\n\ttitle = {Modelling the {Material} {Resistance} of {Wood}—{Part} 3: {Relative} {Resistance} in above and in {Ground} {Situations}—{Results} of a {Global} {Survey}},\n\tvolume = {12},\n\tcopyright = {http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/},\n\tshorttitle = {Modelling the {Material} {Resistance} of {Wood}—{Part} 3},\n\turl = {https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4907/12/5/590},\n\tdoi = {10.3390/f12050590},\n\tabstract = {Durability-based designs with timber require reliable information about the wood properties and how they affect its performance under variable exposure conditions. This study aimed at utilizing a material resistance model (Part 2 of this publication) based on a dose–response approach for predicting the relative decay rates in above-ground situations. Laboratory and field test data were, for the first time, surveyed globally and used to determine material-specific resistance dose values, which were correlated to decay rates. In addition, laboratory indicators were used to adapt the material resistance model to in-ground exposure. The relationship between decay rates in- and above-ground, the predictive power of laboratory indicators to predict such decay rates, and a method for implementing both in a service life prediction tool, were established based on 195 hardwoods, 29 softwoods, 19 modified timbers, and 41 preservative-treated timbers.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {5},\n\turldate = {2021-05-12},\n\tjournal = {Forests},\n\tauthor = {Brischke, Christian and Alfredsen, Gry and Humar, Miha and Conti, Elena and Cookson, Laurie and Emmerich, Lukas and Flæte, Per Otto and Fortino, Stefania and Francis, Lesley and Hundhausen, Ulrich and Irbe, Ilze and Jacobs, Kordula and Klamer, Morten and Kržišnik, Davor and Lesar, Boštjan and Melcher, Eckhard and Meyer-Veltrup, Linda and Morrell, Jeffrey J. and Norton, Jack and Palanti, Sabrina and Presley, Gerald and Reinprecht, Ladislav and Singh, Tripti and Stirling, Rod and Venäläinen, Martti and Westin, Mats and Wong, Andrew H. H. and Suttie, Ed},\n\tmonth = may,\n\tyear = {2021},\n\tnote = {Number: 5\nPublisher: Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute},\n\tkeywords = {fungal decay, service life prediction, biological durability, moisture dynamics, moisture performance, wetting ability, dose–response model, water uptake and release},\n\tpages = {590},\n\tfile = {Full Text PDF:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\maicher\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\QVVXGR28\\\\Brischke et al. - 2021 - Modelling the Material Resistance of Wood—Part 3 .pdf:application/pdf;Snapshot:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\maicher\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\N25TPJEI\\\\590.html:text/html},\n}\n\n\n\n Durability-based designs with timber require reliable information about the wood properties and how they affect its performance under variable exposure conditions. This study aimed at utilizing a material resistance model (Part 2 of this publication) based on a dose–response approach for predicting the relative decay rates in above-ground situations. Laboratory and field test data were, for the first time, surveyed globally and used to determine material-specific resistance dose values, which were correlated to decay rates. In addition, laboratory indicators were used to adapt the material resistance model to in-ground exposure. The relationship between decay rates in- and above-ground, the predictive power of laboratory indicators to predict such decay rates, and a method for implementing both in a service life prediction tool, were established based on 195 hardwoods, 29 softwoods, 19 modified timbers, and 41 preservative-treated timbers.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Estimating the Service Life of Timber Structures Concerning Risk and Influence of Fungal Decay—A Review of Existing Theory and Modelling Approaches.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n van Niekerk, P. B.; Brischke, C.; and Niklewski, J.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Forests, 12(5): 588. May 2021.\n Number: 5 Publisher: Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \nPaper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n \n \n 1 download\n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{van_niekerk_estimating_2021,\n\ttitle = {Estimating the {Service} {Life} of {Timber} {Structures} {Concerning} {Risk} and {Influence} of {Fungal} {Decay}—{A} {Review} of {Existing} {Theory} and {Modelling} {Approaches}},\n\tvolume = {12},\n\tcopyright = {http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/},\n\turl = {https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4907/12/5/588},\n\tdoi = {10.3390/f12050588},\n\tabstract = {Wood is a renewable resource and a promising construction material for the growing bio-based economy. Efficiently utilising wood in the built environment requires a comprehensive understanding of the dynamics regarding its usability. Durability is an essential property to consider, as various types of exposure create conditions for the deterioration of wood through biotic and abiotic agents. Biodegradable materials introduce increased complexity to construction and design processes, as material decomposition during a structure’s lifetime presents a physical risk to human health and safety and costs related to repairs and maintenance. Construction professionals are thus tasked with utilising wooden elements to accentuate the material’s beneficial properties while reducing the risk of in-service decomposition. In this paper, only the cause and effect of fungal induced decay on the service life of wooden buildings and other wood-based construction assets are reviewed. The service life of wood components can thus be extended if suitable growing conditions are controlled. Multiple existing modelling approaches are described throughout the text, with special attention given to the two most comprehensive ones; TimberLife and the WoodExter. In choosing an appropriate model for a specific application, the authors recommend evaluating the model’s regional specificity, complexity, practicality, longevity and adaptability.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {5},\n\turldate = {2021-05-12},\n\tjournal = {Forests},\n\tauthor = {van Niekerk, Philip Bester and Brischke, Christian and Niklewski, Jonas},\n\tmonth = may,\n\tyear = {2021},\n\tnote = {Number: 5\nPublisher: Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute},\n\tkeywords = {fungi, wood, decay, modelling, service life planning},\n\tpages = {588},\n\tfile = {Full Text PDF:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\maicher\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\PKVJTEAJ\\\\van Niekerk et al. - 2021 - Estimating the Service Life of Timber Structures C.pdf:application/pdf;Snapshot:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\maicher\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\UXKGC87D\\\\588.html:text/html},\n}\n\n\n\n Wood is a renewable resource and a promising construction material for the growing bio-based economy. Efficiently utilising wood in the built environment requires a comprehensive understanding of the dynamics regarding its usability. Durability is an essential property to consider, as various types of exposure create conditions for the deterioration of wood through biotic and abiotic agents. Biodegradable materials introduce increased complexity to construction and design processes, as material decomposition during a structure’s lifetime presents a physical risk to human health and safety and costs related to repairs and maintenance. Construction professionals are thus tasked with utilising wooden elements to accentuate the material’s beneficial properties while reducing the risk of in-service decomposition. In this paper, only the cause and effect of fungal induced decay on the service life of wooden buildings and other wood-based construction assets are reviewed. The service life of wood components can thus be extended if suitable growing conditions are controlled. Multiple existing modelling approaches are described throughout the text, with special attention given to the two most comprehensive ones; TimberLife and the WoodExter. In choosing an appropriate model for a specific application, the authors recommend evaluating the model’s regional specificity, complexity, practicality, longevity and adaptability.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Effect of Grain Direction on Drilling Resistance Measurements in Wood.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Sharapov, E.; Brischke, C.; and Militz, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n International Journal of Architectural Heritage, 15(2): 250–258. February 2021.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \nPaper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n \n \n 2 downloads\n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{sharapov_effect_2021,\n\ttitle = {Effect of {Grain} {Direction} on {Drilling} {Resistance} {Measurements} in {Wood}},\n\tvolume = {15},\n\tissn = {1558-3058, 1558-3066},\n\turl = {https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/15583058.2020.1766158},\n\tdoi = {10.1080/15583058.2020.1766158},\n\tabstract = {An IML-Resi PD-400 drilling tool with two types of spade drill bits (IML System GmbH, Wiesloch, Germany) was used to study the influence of the drilling direction in relation to wood grain orientation on drilling resistance (DR) and feeding resistance (FR) measurements. The drilling tests were performed on Scots pine, European beech, English oak and Silver poplar conditioned in a standard climate. The differences in DR between radial and tangential drilling direction were negligibly small or minor for both drill bit types. In contrast, the difference between longitudinal and tangential drilling direction was more pronounced but differed between wood species and drill bit types. FR was the most sensitive parameter to changes in the wood grain orientation when using a drill bit with a single major cutting edge. The mean FR decreased by approximately 27\\% for Scots pine, 33\\% for Beech, 37\\% for Oak and 40\\% for Poplar when changing the drilling direction from longitudinal to tangential. It was concluded that the drilling direction between longitudinal and transversal drillings needs to be considered for the prediction of wood properties based on DR measurements. Potential applications of drill bits with a single major cutting edge can be the object of further studies.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {2},\n\turldate = {2021-03-17},\n\tjournal = {International Journal of Architectural Heritage},\n\tauthor = {Sharapov, Evgenii and Brischke, Christian and Militz, Holger},\n\tmonth = feb,\n\tyear = {2021},\n\tpages = {250--258},\n\tfile = {Sharapov et al. - 2021 - Effect of Grain Direction on Drilling Resistance M.pdf:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\maicher\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\QZ38UJ29\\\\Sharapov et al. - 2021 - Effect of Grain Direction on Drilling Resistance M.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n\n\n An IML-Resi PD-400 drilling tool with two types of spade drill bits (IML System GmbH, Wiesloch, Germany) was used to study the influence of the drilling direction in relation to wood grain orientation on drilling resistance (DR) and feeding resistance (FR) measurements. The drilling tests were performed on Scots pine, European beech, English oak and Silver poplar conditioned in a standard climate. The differences in DR between radial and tangential drilling direction were negligibly small or minor for both drill bit types. In contrast, the difference between longitudinal and tangential drilling direction was more pronounced but differed between wood species and drill bit types. FR was the most sensitive parameter to changes in the wood grain orientation when using a drill bit with a single major cutting edge. The mean FR decreased by approximately 27% for Scots pine, 33% for Beech, 37% for Oak and 40% for Poplar when changing the drilling direction from longitudinal to tangential. It was concluded that the drilling direction between longitudinal and transversal drillings needs to be considered for the prediction of wood properties based on DR measurements. Potential applications of drill bits with a single major cutting edge can be the object of further studies.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Performance of resin-treated solid wood and laminated veneer lumber (LVL) under marine conditions.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Emmerich, L.; Brischke, C.; Bicke, S.; and Militz, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In Proceedings IRG Annual Meeting, pages 11, Stockholm, Sweden, March 2021. \n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@inproceedings{emmerich_performance_2021,\n\taddress = {Stockholm, Sweden},\n\ttitle = {Performance of resin-treated solid wood and laminated veneer lumber ({LVL}) under marine conditions},\n\tdoi = {IRG/WP 21-10973},\n\tabstract = {Wood is a traditional building material in the marine environment, where it is exposed to extremely harsh conditions. Most of the indigenous softwood and hardwood species in Europe are not durable against attack by marine organisms. Recently, wood modification has been considered as an alternative to protect non-durable wood species under use class (UC) 5 (EN 335, 2013) conditions. The present study focused on treatment of solid wood and laminated veneer lumber (LVL) with the thermosetting resin 1,3-dimethylol-4,5-dihydroxyethyleneurea (DMDHEU), its derivatives and low molecular phenol-formaldehyde (PF). The results evidenced that treatments with formaldehyde-containing thermosetting resins like DMDHEU and PF improved the resistance against attack by shipworms significantly. The latter was shown for both, solid wood and LVL specimens. In Scots pine sapwood specimens, treatment with DMDHEU caused higher improvements in the resistance against shipworm attack compared to Radiata pine and poplar specimens. Formaldehyde-free DMDHEU derivatives did not provide any resistance against marine borers compared to untreated control panels. In summary, wood modification with thermosetting resins has good potential to be used in the marine environment (UC 5). However, the mechanisms of protective action are not fully understood yet and require further studies on how curing processes, chemical distribution and production processes for wood-based composites affect the marine borer resistance. Besides that, an upscaling to large-sized dimensions is essential to implement such innovative technologies as building materials under UC 5 conditions in the near future.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tbooktitle = {Proceedings {IRG} {Annual} {Meeting}},\n\tauthor = {Emmerich, Lukas and Brischke, Christian and Bicke, Sascha and Militz, Holger},\n\tmonth = mar,\n\tyear = {2021},\n\tpages = {11},\n}\n\n\n\n Wood is a traditional building material in the marine environment, where it is exposed to extremely harsh conditions. Most of the indigenous softwood and hardwood species in Europe are not durable against attack by marine organisms. Recently, wood modification has been considered as an alternative to protect non-durable wood species under use class (UC) 5 (EN 335, 2013) conditions. The present study focused on treatment of solid wood and laminated veneer lumber (LVL) with the thermosetting resin 1,3-dimethylol-4,5-dihydroxyethyleneurea (DMDHEU), its derivatives and low molecular phenol-formaldehyde (PF). The results evidenced that treatments with formaldehyde-containing thermosetting resins like DMDHEU and PF improved the resistance against attack by shipworms significantly. The latter was shown for both, solid wood and LVL specimens. In Scots pine sapwood specimens, treatment with DMDHEU caused higher improvements in the resistance against shipworm attack compared to Radiata pine and poplar specimens. Formaldehyde-free DMDHEU derivatives did not provide any resistance against marine borers compared to untreated control panels. In summary, wood modification with thermosetting resins has good potential to be used in the marine environment (UC 5). However, the mechanisms of protective action are not fully understood yet and require further studies on how curing processes, chemical distribution and production processes for wood-based composites affect the marine borer resistance. Besides that, an upscaling to large-sized dimensions is essential to implement such innovative technologies as building materials under UC 5 conditions in the near future.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Growth behavior of wood-destroying fungi in chemically modified wood: wood degradation and translocation of nitrogen compounds.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Emmerich, L.; Bleckmann, M.; Strohbusch, S.; Brischke, C.; Bollmus, S.; and Militz, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Holzforschung, 0(0): 000010151520200252. February 2021.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{emmerich_growth_2021,\n\ttitle = {Growth behavior of wood-destroying fungi in chemically modified wood: wood degradation and translocation of nitrogen compounds},\n\tvolume = {0},\n\tissn = {1437-434X, 0018-3830},\n\tshorttitle = {Growth behavior of wood-destroying fungi in chemically modified wood},\n\turl = {https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/hf-2020-0252/html},\n\tdoi = {10.1515/hf-2020-0252},\n\tabstract = {Abstract\n \n Chemical wood modification has been used to modify wood and improve its decay resistance. However, the mode of protective action is still not fully understood. Occasionally, outdoor products made from chemically modified timber (CMT) show internal decay while their outer shell remains intact. Hence, it was hypothesized that wood decay fungi may grow through CMT without losing their capability to degrade non-modified wood. This study aimed at developing a laboratory test set-up to investigate (1) whether decay fungi grow through CMT and (2) retain their ability to degrade non-modified wood. Acetylated and 1,3-dimethylol-4,5-dihydroxyethyleneurea (DMDHEU) treated wood were used in decay tests with modified ‘mantle specimens’ and untreated ‘core dowels’. It became evident that white rot (\n Trametes versicolor\n ), brown rot (\n Coniophora puteana\n ) and soft rot fungi can grow through CMT without losing their ability to degrade untreated wood. Consequently, full volume impregnation of wood with the modifying agent is required to achieve complete protection of wooden products. In decay tests with DMDHEU treated specimens, significant amounts of apparently non-fixated DMDHEU were translocated from modified mantle specimens to untreated wood cores. A diffusion-driven transport of nitrogen and DMDHEU seemed to be responsible for mass translocation during decay testing.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {0},\n\turldate = {2021-02-16},\n\tjournal = {Holzforschung},\n\tauthor = {Emmerich, Lukas and Bleckmann, Maja and Strohbusch, Sarah and Brischke, Christian and Bollmus, Susanne and Militz, Holger},\n\tmonth = feb,\n\tyear = {2021},\n\tkeywords = {DMDHEU, acetylation, chemical wood modification, durability, fungal growth, nitrogen analysis},\n\tpages = {000010151520200252},\n\tfile = {Emmerich et al. - 2021 - Growth behavior of wood-destroying fungi in chemic.pdf:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\maicher\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\HAESN92C\\\\Emmerich et al. - 2021 - Growth behavior of wood-destroying fungi in chemic.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n\n\n Abstract Chemical wood modification has been used to modify wood and improve its decay resistance. However, the mode of protective action is still not fully understood. Occasionally, outdoor products made from chemically modified timber (CMT) show internal decay while their outer shell remains intact. Hence, it was hypothesized that wood decay fungi may grow through CMT without losing their capability to degrade non-modified wood. This study aimed at developing a laboratory test set-up to investigate (1) whether decay fungi grow through CMT and (2) retain their ability to degrade non-modified wood. Acetylated and 1,3-dimethylol-4,5-dihydroxyethyleneurea (DMDHEU) treated wood were used in decay tests with modified ‘mantle specimens’ and untreated ‘core dowels’. It became evident that white rot ( Trametes versicolor ), brown rot ( Coniophora puteana ) and soft rot fungi can grow through CMT without losing their ability to degrade untreated wood. Consequently, full volume impregnation of wood with the modifying agent is required to achieve complete protection of wooden products. In decay tests with DMDHEU treated specimens, significant amounts of apparently non-fixated DMDHEU were translocated from modified mantle specimens to untreated wood cores. A diffusion-driven transport of nitrogen and DMDHEU seemed to be responsible for mass translocation during decay testing.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Numerical study on the effects of macro climate and detailing on the relative decay hazard of Norway spruce.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Niklewski, J.; Brischke, C.; and Frühwald Hansson, E.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Wood Material Science & Engineering, 16(1): 12–20. 2021.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{niklewski_numerical_2021,\n\ttitle = {Numerical study on the effects of macro climate and detailing on the relative decay hazard of {Norway} spruce},\n\tvolume = {16},\n\tissn = {1748-0272, 1748-0280},\n\turl = {https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/17480272.2019.1608296},\n\tdoi = {10.1080/17480272.2019.1608296},\n\tabstract = {The durability of wood depends on its in-use environmental conditions. The aim of this study was to estimate the effects associated with macro climate and detail design as well as their interdependence. A numerical moisture model and two different decay prediction models were utilized for assessing the decay risk of a horizontal member and a joint exposed at 300 sites scattered across Europe. In general, the results obtained with both decay models exhibited strong similarities to the Scheffer climate index. Distinct discrepancies were however observed in regions with much precipitation where one model stood out as less dependent on precipitation and more dependent on relative humidity. The projected decay rate of the joint was about two to four times higher than that of the horizontal board, depending on the model employed. One of the models indicated that the relative difference between the horizontal member and the joint decreased with increasing amounts of precipitation. Due to lack of reliable experimental data, no inference regarding the model accuracy could be made. Future studies should focus on collecting empirical data on relative decay risk in different climates, preferably focusing on regions where the difference in projected decay depends on the model employed.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {1},\n\turldate = {2021-01-11},\n\tjournal = {Wood Material Science \\& Engineering},\n\tauthor = {Niklewski, Jonas and Brischke, Christian and Frühwald Hansson, Eva},\n\tyear = {2021},\n\tpages = {12--20},\n\tfile = {Niklewski et al. - 2021 - Numerical study on the effects of macro climate an.pdf:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\maicher\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\B7R46X3T\\\\Niklewski et al. - 2019 - Numerical study on the effects of macro climate an.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n\n\n The durability of wood depends on its in-use environmental conditions. The aim of this study was to estimate the effects associated with macro climate and detail design as well as their interdependence. A numerical moisture model and two different decay prediction models were utilized for assessing the decay risk of a horizontal member and a joint exposed at 300 sites scattered across Europe. In general, the results obtained with both decay models exhibited strong similarities to the Scheffer climate index. Distinct discrepancies were however observed in regions with much precipitation where one model stood out as less dependent on precipitation and more dependent on relative humidity. The projected decay rate of the joint was about two to four times higher than that of the horizontal board, depending on the model employed. One of the models indicated that the relative difference between the horizontal member and the joint decreased with increasing amounts of precipitation. Due to lack of reliable experimental data, no inference regarding the model accuracy could be made. Future studies should focus on collecting empirical data on relative decay risk in different climates, preferably focusing on regions where the difference in projected decay depends on the model employed.\n
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\n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Combined effect of wood moisture content, drill bit rotational speed and feed rate on drilling resistance measurements in Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.).\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Sharapov, E.; Brischke, C.; Militz, H.; and Smirnova, E.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Wood Material Science & Engineering, 15(4): 198–204. July 2020.\n Publisher: Taylor & Francis _eprint: https://doi.org/10.1080/17480272.2018.1557249\n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{sharapov_combined_2020,\n\ttitle = {Combined effect of wood moisture content, drill bit rotational speed and feed rate on drilling resistance measurements in {Norway} spruce ({Picea} abies ({L}.) {Karst}.)},\n\tvolume = {15},\n\tissn = {1748-0272},\n\turl = {https://doi.org/10.1080/17480272.2018.1557249},\n\tdoi = {10.1080/17480272.2018.1557249},\n\tabstract = {An IML-RESI PD 400 drilling tool and a standard spade drill bit (IML System GmbH, Wiesloch, Germany) were used to study the combined effect of wood moisture content (MC), drill bit rotational speed and feed rate on drilling resistance (DR) and feeding force (FF). Tests were made with Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) conditioned in a normal climate (20°C/65\\% RH), at 20°C/95\\% RH, vacuum-pressure impregnated in water, and oven-dried. Rotational speeds and feed rates had an impact on feed rate per cutting edge for the major cutting edge of the drill bit which was used for correlation with DR and FF for various MC. Impact of MC on DR and FF depended on rotational speeds and feed rates of the drill bit. For feed rates per cutting edge less than 0.09 mm, DR was higher for water saturated (WS) specimens. Negligible differences between DR for various MC were found for feed rates per cutting edge between 0.09 and 0.15 mm. DR was higher at low MC for feed rates per cutting edge which were higher than 0.15 mm. FF extremely increased in conditioned (20°C/95\\% RH) and WS specimens at feed rates per cutting edge less than 0.1 mm.},\n\tnumber = {4},\n\turldate = {2020-07-31},\n\tjournal = {Wood Material Science \\& Engineering},\n\tauthor = {Sharapov, Evgenii and Brischke, Christian and Militz, Holger and Smirnova, Elena},\n\tmonth = jul,\n\tyear = {2020},\n\tnote = {Publisher: Taylor \\& Francis\n\\_eprint: https://doi.org/10.1080/17480272.2018.1557249},\n\tkeywords = {wood, moisture content, drill bit, Cutting force, drilling resistance, feeding force},\n\tpages = {198--204},\n\tfile = {Full Text PDF:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\maicher\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\6Q8HK75V\\\\Sharapov et al. - 2020 - Combined effect of wood moisture content, drill bi.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n\n\n An IML-RESI PD 400 drilling tool and a standard spade drill bit (IML System GmbH, Wiesloch, Germany) were used to study the combined effect of wood moisture content (MC), drill bit rotational speed and feed rate on drilling resistance (DR) and feeding force (FF). Tests were made with Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) conditioned in a normal climate (20°C/65% RH), at 20°C/95% RH, vacuum-pressure impregnated in water, and oven-dried. Rotational speeds and feed rates had an impact on feed rate per cutting edge for the major cutting edge of the drill bit which was used for correlation with DR and FF for various MC. Impact of MC on DR and FF depended on rotational speeds and feed rates of the drill bit. For feed rates per cutting edge less than 0.09 mm, DR was higher for water saturated (WS) specimens. Negligible differences between DR for various MC were found for feed rates per cutting edge between 0.09 and 0.15 mm. DR was higher at low MC for feed rates per cutting edge which were higher than 0.15 mm. FF extremely increased in conditioned (20°C/95% RH) and WS specimens at feed rates per cutting edge less than 0.1 mm.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Protecting wood infrastructure and mass timber buildings.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Brischke, C.; and Gobakken, L. R.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Wood Material Science & Engineering, 15(6): 325–325. November 2020.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n\n@article{brischke_protecting_2020,\n\ttitle = {Protecting wood infrastructure and mass timber buildings},\n\tvolume = {15},\n\tissn = {1748-0272, 1748-0280},\n\turl = {https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/17480272.2020.1799242},\n\tdoi = {10.1080/17480272.2020.1799242},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {6},\n\turldate = {2020-11-19},\n\tjournal = {Wood Material Science \\& Engineering},\n\tauthor = {Brischke, Christian and Gobakken, Lone Ross},\n\tmonth = nov,\n\tyear = {2020},\n\tpages = {325--325},\n\tfile = {Brischke und Gobakken - 2020 - Protecting wood infrastructure and mass timber bui.pdf:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\maicher\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\2K3UF47S\\\\Brischke und Gobakken - 2020 - Protecting wood infrastructure and mass timber bui.pdf:application/pdf;Brischke und Gobakken - 2020 - Protecting wood infrastructure and mass timber bui.pdf:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\maicher\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\KJ2BMC2T\\\\Brischke und Gobakken - 2020 - Protecting wood infrastructure and mass timber bui.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Effect of size and shape of specimens on the mass loss caused by Coniophora puteana in wood durability tests.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Brischke, C.; Grünwald, L. K.; and Bollmus, S.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n European Journal of Wood and Wood Products, 78(4): 811–819. July 2020.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \nPaper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n \n \n 1 download\n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{brischke_effect_2020,\n\ttitle = {Effect of size and shape of specimens on the mass loss caused by {Coniophora} puteana in wood durability tests},\n\tvolume = {78},\n\tissn = {1436-736X},\n\turl = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s00107-020-01559-0},\n\tdoi = {10.1007/s00107-020-01559-0},\n\tabstract = {The experimental basis for testing the biological durability of wood often includes incubation experiments with wood-destroying basidiomycetes. Numerous parameters can affect the mass loss by fungal decay (MLF) in laboratory durability tests and therefore being decisive for the resulting durability classification. Among others, the dimension of the wood specimen and the time of incubation impact on fungal decay. Hence, both parameters were examined within this study using 19 different specimen formats and four different incubation times. Specimens of larch heartwood (Larix decidua Mill.) were incubated with pure cultures of the brown rot fungus Coniophora puteana. Scots pine sapwood (Pinus sylvestris L.) was used as a reference. The wood specimens’ format turned out to significantly affect both mass loss by fungal decay (MLF) and resulting x-values when MLF of larch was compared with that of the reference Scots pine sapwood. Both measures were highest for specimen formats with moderate surface-volume ratios. MLF and x-values depended on specimen size and shape as well as on the time of incubation. Reducing the specimen volume generally led to higher MLF at a given incubation time, but prolonging incubation times led to higher x-values and thus to lower durability expressed as durability classes (DC). In summary, it appeared highly questionable that results of basidiomycete durability tests can be easily compared to each other when specimen format and/or incubation time deviate from the standard conditions.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {4},\n\turldate = {2021-01-20},\n\tjournal = {European Journal of Wood and Wood Products},\n\tauthor = {Brischke, Christian and Grünwald, Leopold K. and Bollmus, Susanne},\n\tmonth = jul,\n\tyear = {2020},\n\tpages = {811--819},\n\tfile = {Brischke et al. - 2020 - Effect of size and shape of specimens on the mass .pdf:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\maicher\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\QTN5RUZG\\\\Brischke et al. - 2020 - Effect of size and shape of specimens on the mass .pdf:application/pdf;Springer Full Text PDF:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\maicher\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\K7T8ZHGW\\\\Brischke et al. - 2020 - Effect of size and shape of specimens on the mass .pdf:application/pdf;Springer Full Text PDF:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\maicher\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\3RSPW739\\\\Brischke et al. - 2020 - Effect of size and shape of specimens on the mass .pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n\n\n The experimental basis for testing the biological durability of wood often includes incubation experiments with wood-destroying basidiomycetes. Numerous parameters can affect the mass loss by fungal decay (MLF) in laboratory durability tests and therefore being decisive for the resulting durability classification. Among others, the dimension of the wood specimen and the time of incubation impact on fungal decay. Hence, both parameters were examined within this study using 19 different specimen formats and four different incubation times. Specimens of larch heartwood (Larix decidua Mill.) were incubated with pure cultures of the brown rot fungus Coniophora puteana. Scots pine sapwood (Pinus sylvestris L.) was used as a reference. The wood specimens’ format turned out to significantly affect both mass loss by fungal decay (MLF) and resulting x-values when MLF of larch was compared with that of the reference Scots pine sapwood. Both measures were highest for specimen formats with moderate surface-volume ratios. MLF and x-values depended on specimen size and shape as well as on the time of incubation. Reducing the specimen volume generally led to higher MLF at a given incubation time, but prolonging incubation times led to higher x-values and thus to lower durability expressed as durability classes (DC). In summary, it appeared highly questionable that results of basidiomycete durability tests can be easily compared to each other when specimen format and/or incubation time deviate from the standard conditions.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Predicting the Outdoor Moisture Performance of Wood Based on Laboratory Indicators.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Emmerich, L.; Brischke, C.; Sievert, M.; Schulz, M. S.; Jaeger, A.; Beulshausen, A.; and Humar, M.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Forests, 11(9): 1001. September 2020.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{emmerich_predicting_2020,\n\ttitle = {Predicting the {Outdoor} {Moisture} {Performance} of {Wood} {Based} on {Laboratory} {Indicators}},\n\tvolume = {11},\n\tissn = {1999-4907},\n\turl = {https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4907/11/9/1001},\n\tdoi = {10.3390/f11091001},\n\tabstract = {The service life of wood in outdoor use under humid conditions is mainly determined by its material resistance and the exposure situation. Different standards such as EN 350 (2016) point on the relevance of wood’s resistance against moisture for its expected service life. Recently, different standardized but also numerous nonstandardized methods were suggested to test the water permeability of wooden materials. In the context of this study, different European-grown softand hardwoods, tropical hardwoods, modified wood and wood treated with water- and oil-borne preservatives were subjected to floating and submersion tests according to CEN/TS 16818 (2018) and different short-term water uptake and release tests. Moisture performance data from field tests with the same materials were analyzed and used to assess the predictive power of different laboratory moisture indicators. The moisture characteristics suggested by CEN/TS 16818 (2018)—rm168 (residual moisture content after water uptake and release processes) and res312 (residue as a percentage of the absorbed moisture)—showed the little potential to predict the outdoor moisture performance of the tested materials. In contrast, the mean moisture content during absorption and desorption (MCmean) predicted well the outdoor moisture performance of the materials under test. Short-term water uptake and release of small specimens also showed high predictive power.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {9},\n\turldate = {2020-09-21},\n\tjournal = {Forests},\n\tauthor = {Emmerich, Lukas and Brischke, Christian and Sievert, Marten and Schulz, Manuel S. and Jaeger, Anne-Cathrin and Beulshausen, Arne and Humar, Miha},\n\tmonth = sep,\n\tyear = {2020},\n\tpages = {1001},\n}\n\n\n\n The service life of wood in outdoor use under humid conditions is mainly determined by its material resistance and the exposure situation. Different standards such as EN 350 (2016) point on the relevance of wood’s resistance against moisture for its expected service life. Recently, different standardized but also numerous nonstandardized methods were suggested to test the water permeability of wooden materials. In the context of this study, different European-grown softand hardwoods, tropical hardwoods, modified wood and wood treated with water- and oil-borne preservatives were subjected to floating and submersion tests according to CEN/TS 16818 (2018) and different short-term water uptake and release tests. Moisture performance data from field tests with the same materials were analyzed and used to assess the predictive power of different laboratory moisture indicators. The moisture characteristics suggested by CEN/TS 16818 (2018)—rm168 (residual moisture content after water uptake and release processes) and res312 (residue as a percentage of the absorbed moisture)—showed the little potential to predict the outdoor moisture performance of the tested materials. In contrast, the mean moisture content during absorption and desorption (MCmean) predicted well the outdoor moisture performance of the materials under test. Short-term water uptake and release of small specimens also showed high predictive power.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Studies into Fungal Decay of Wood In Ground Contact—Part 1: The Influence of Water-Holding Capacity, Moisture Content, and Temperature of Soil Substrates on Fungal Decay of Selected Timbers.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Marais, B. N.; Brischke, C.; Militz, H.; Peters, J. H.; and Reinhardt, L.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Forests, 11(12): 1284. November 2020.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{marais_studies_2020,\n\ttitle = {Studies into {Fungal} {Decay} of {Wood} {In} {Ground} {Contact}—{Part} 1: {The} {Influence} of {Water}-{Holding} {Capacity}, {Moisture} {Content}, and {Temperature} of {Soil} {Substrates} on {Fungal} {Decay} of {Selected} {Timbers}},\n\tvolume = {11},\n\tissn = {1999-4907},\n\tshorttitle = {Studies into {Fungal} {Decay} of {Wood} {In} {Ground} {Contact}—{Part} 1},\n\turl = {https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4907/11/12/1284},\n\tdoi = {10.3390/f11121284},\n\tabstract = {This article presents the results from two separate studies investigating the decay of wood in ground contact using adapted versions of laboratory-based terrestrial microcosm (TMC) tests according to CEN/TS 15083-2:2005. The first study (A) sought to isolate the effect of soil water-holding capacity (WHCsoil [\\%]) and soil moisture content (MCsoil [\\%WHCsoil]) on the decay of five commercially important wood species; European beech (Fagus sylvatica), English oak heartwood (Quercus robur), Norway spruce (Picea abies), Douglas-fir heartwood (Pseudotsuga menziesii), and Scots pine sapwood (Pinus sylvestris), while keeping soil temperature (Tsoil) constant. Combinations of soil mixtures with WHCsoil of 30\\%, 60\\%, and 90\\%, and MCsoil of 30\\%, 70\\%, and 95\\%WHCsoil were utilized. A general trend showed higher wood decay, measured in oven-dry mass loss (MLwood [\\%]), for specimens of all species incubated in soils with WHCsoil of 60\\% and 90\\% compared to 30\\%. Furthermore, drier soils (MCsoil of 30 and 70\\%WHCsoil) showed higher MLwood compared to wetter soils (95\\%WHCsoil). The second study (B) built on the first’s findings, and sought to isolate the effect of Tsoil and MCsoil on the decay of European beech wood, while keeping WHCsoil constant. The study used constant incubation temperature intervals (Tsoil), 5–40 ◦C, and alternating intervals of 10/20, 10/30, and 20/30 ◦C. A general trend showed drier MCsoil (60\\%WHCsoil), and Tsoil of 20–40 ◦C, delivered high wood decay (MLwood {\\textgreater} 20\\%). Higher MCsoil (90\\%WHCsoil) and Tsoil of 5–10 ◦C, delivered low wood decay (MLwood {\\textless} 5\\%). Alternating Tsoil generally delivered less MLwood compared to their mean constant Tsoil counterparts (15, 20, 25 ◦C). The results suggest that differences in wood species and inoculum potential (WHCsoil) between sites, as well as changes in MCsoil and Tsoil attributed to daily and seasonal weather patterns can influence in-ground wood decay rate.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {12},\n\turldate = {2020-12-03},\n\tjournal = {Forests},\n\tauthor = {Marais, Brendan Nicholas and Brischke, Christian and Militz, Holger and Peters, Johann Hinrich and Reinhardt, Lena},\n\tmonth = nov,\n\tyear = {2020},\n\tpages = {1284},\n\tfile = {Marais et al. - 2020 - Studies into Fungal Decay of Wood In Ground Contac.pdf:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\maicher\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\NZ3RZLBZ\\\\Marais et al. - 2020 - Studies into Fungal Decay of Wood In Ground Contac.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n\n\n This article presents the results from two separate studies investigating the decay of wood in ground contact using adapted versions of laboratory-based terrestrial microcosm (TMC) tests according to CEN/TS 15083-2:2005. The first study (A) sought to isolate the effect of soil water-holding capacity (WHCsoil [%]) and soil moisture content (MCsoil [%WHCsoil]) on the decay of five commercially important wood species; European beech (Fagus sylvatica), English oak heartwood (Quercus robur), Norway spruce (Picea abies), Douglas-fir heartwood (Pseudotsuga menziesii), and Scots pine sapwood (Pinus sylvestris), while keeping soil temperature (Tsoil) constant. Combinations of soil mixtures with WHCsoil of 30%, 60%, and 90%, and MCsoil of 30%, 70%, and 95%WHCsoil were utilized. A general trend showed higher wood decay, measured in oven-dry mass loss (MLwood [%]), for specimens of all species incubated in soils with WHCsoil of 60% and 90% compared to 30%. Furthermore, drier soils (MCsoil of 30 and 70%WHCsoil) showed higher MLwood compared to wetter soils (95%WHCsoil). The second study (B) built on the first’s findings, and sought to isolate the effect of Tsoil and MCsoil on the decay of European beech wood, while keeping WHCsoil constant. The study used constant incubation temperature intervals (Tsoil), 5–40 ◦C, and alternating intervals of 10/20, 10/30, and 20/30 ◦C. A general trend showed drier MCsoil (60%WHCsoil), and Tsoil of 20–40 ◦C, delivered high wood decay (MLwood \\textgreater 20%). Higher MCsoil (90%WHCsoil) and Tsoil of 5–10 ◦C, delivered low wood decay (MLwood \\textless 5%). Alternating Tsoil generally delivered less MLwood compared to their mean constant Tsoil counterparts (15, 20, 25 ◦C). The results suggest that differences in wood species and inoculum potential (WHCsoil) between sites, as well as changes in MCsoil and Tsoil attributed to daily and seasonal weather patterns can influence in-ground wood decay rate.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Modelling the material resistance of wood - an approach for meta-analysis of durability test data.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Brischke, C.; and Alfredsen, G.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In Proceedings of the 16 th Annual Meeting of the Northern European Network for Wood Science and Engineering (WSE2020), pages 95–97, Helsinki, Finland, 2020. \n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n\n@inproceedings{brischke_modelling_2020,\n\taddress = {Helsinki, Finland},\n\ttitle = {Modelling the material resistance of wood - an approach for meta-analysis of durability test data},\n\tbooktitle = {Proceedings of the 16 th {Annual} {Meeting} of the {Northern} {European} {Network} for {Wood} {Science} and {Engineering} ({WSE2020})},\n\tauthor = {Brischke, Christian and Alfredsen, Gry},\n\tyear = {2020},\n\tpages = {95--97},\n\tfile = {Brischke und Alfredsen - 2020 - Modelling the material resistance of wood - an app.pdf:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\maicher\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\T7Y355H7\\\\Brischke und Alfredsen - 2020 - Modelling the material resistance of wood - an app.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Protecting the heartwood of wood infrastructure – improving performance with borate dual treatments.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Lloyd, J. D.; Taylor, A. M.; Brischke, C.; and Irby, N.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Wood Material Science & Engineering, 15(6): 361–367. November 2020.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \nPaper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{lloyd_protecting_2020,\n\ttitle = {Protecting the heartwood of wood infrastructure – improving performance with borate dual treatments},\n\tvolume = {15},\n\tissn = {1748-0272, 1748-0280},\n\turl = {https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/17480272.2020.1749881},\n\tdoi = {10.1080/17480272.2020.1749881},\n\tabstract = {Wood is by far the best structural material in terms of environmental impact. This superiority can be improved if the longevity of the commodity is extended by reducing the decay susceptibility of the heartwood not typically treatable using pressure methods. Traditionally, heartwood decay has been managed by remedial treatments, or simply by accepting the short service life and the required product replacement costs. Dual treatment is defined here as combining two (dual) preservative systems, a water-diffusible system and an oil-borne pressure-impregnated system being applied to the same piece of wood. This is often done as separate treatments; in this case, it is essentially the same as using an oil-borne preservative with a remedial diffusible treatment (typically a sodium borate salt), but has the benefit of preventing decay before it happens. Adding borates to railroad crossties prior to seasoning and treatment has been shown to provide significant benefit to crossties and utility poles. Treatment of bridge timbers has now also been commercialized using a further modification of this approach, with even higher unit cost savings and commercial testing is now underway in utility poles. The global infrastructure industry is urged to review the opportunity offered with this now-proven technology.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {6},\n\turldate = {2020-11-19},\n\tjournal = {Wood Material Science \\& Engineering},\n\tauthor = {Lloyd, Jeff D. and Taylor, Adam M. and Brischke, Christian and Irby, Nathan},\n\tmonth = nov,\n\tyear = {2020},\n\tpages = {361--367},\n\tfile = {Lloyd et al. - 2020 - Protecting the heartwood of wood infrastructure – .pdf:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\maicher\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\UECZDCPW\\\\Lloyd et al. - 2020 - Protecting the heartwood of wood infrastructure – .pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n\n\n Wood is by far the best structural material in terms of environmental impact. This superiority can be improved if the longevity of the commodity is extended by reducing the decay susceptibility of the heartwood not typically treatable using pressure methods. Traditionally, heartwood decay has been managed by remedial treatments, or simply by accepting the short service life and the required product replacement costs. Dual treatment is defined here as combining two (dual) preservative systems, a water-diffusible system and an oil-borne pressure-impregnated system being applied to the same piece of wood. This is often done as separate treatments; in this case, it is essentially the same as using an oil-borne preservative with a remedial diffusible treatment (typically a sodium borate salt), but has the benefit of preventing decay before it happens. Adding borates to railroad crossties prior to seasoning and treatment has been shown to provide significant benefit to crossties and utility poles. Treatment of bridge timbers has now also been commercialized using a further modification of this approach, with even higher unit cost savings and commercial testing is now underway in utility poles. The global infrastructure industry is urged to review the opportunity offered with this now-proven technology.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Performance Based Specification of Wood – Project CLICKdesign.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Suttie, E.; Brischke, C.; Hansson, E. F.; Fortino, S.; Sandak, J.; Kutnik, M.; Alfredsen, G.; Lucas, C.; and Vieillemard, E.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In Proceedings of the XV edition of the International Conference on Durability of Building Materials and Components (DBMC 2020), pages 457–464, Barcelona, Spain, 2020. \n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@inproceedings{suttie_performance_2020,\n\taddress = {Barcelona, Spain},\n\ttitle = {Performance {Based} {Specification} of {Wood} – {Project} {CLICKdesign}},\n\turl = {https://www.scipedia.com/public/Suttie_et_al_2020a},\n\tdoi = {10.23967/dbmc.2020.107},\n\tabstract = {This paper introduces the ForestValue research project CLICKdesign – delivering fingertip knowledge to enable service life performance specification of wood. The consortium is working on a primary innovation to move from the complex, fragmented and general to the easy-to-use, consolidated and specific by provision of a digital tool for specifiers. Other materials tackle this and provide designers and architects with software. The specification of performance of wood products is complex and fraught with inconsistency and requires use of multiple platforms for data, experience, standards and national recommendations. CLICKdesign will provide a tool that has within it the decades of research, the complexity of the standards specification systems and the variation of approach due to tradition, materials and culture across Europe and beyond. A simple tool for nonexpert public users will be available as well as a tool accessible to professional users that will be refined with industry to ensure relevancy and accelerate uptake and use.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\turldate = {2020-11-13},\n\tbooktitle = {Proceedings of the {XV} edition of the {International} {Conference} on {Durability} of {Building} {Materials} and {Components} ({DBMC} 2020)},\n\tauthor = {Suttie, Ed and Brischke, Christian and Hansson, Eva Frühwald and Fortino, Stefania and Sandak, Jakub and Kutnik, Magdalena and Alfredsen, Gry and Lucas, Christophe and Vieillemard, Eric},\n\tyear = {2020},\n\tpages = {457--464},\n\tfile = {EbookDBMC2020-2.pdf:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\maicher\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\NUTMKJT3\\\\EbookDBMC2020-2.pdf:application/pdf;Snapshot:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\maicher\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\RS4AV43N\\\\Suttie_et_al_2020a.html:text/html;Volltext:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\maicher\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\84CQC2GD\\\\Suttie et al. - 2020 - Performance Based Specification of Wood – Project .pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n\n\n This paper introduces the ForestValue research project CLICKdesign – delivering fingertip knowledge to enable service life performance specification of wood. The consortium is working on a primary innovation to move from the complex, fragmented and general to the easy-to-use, consolidated and specific by provision of a digital tool for specifiers. Other materials tackle this and provide designers and architects with software. The specification of performance of wood products is complex and fraught with inconsistency and requires use of multiple platforms for data, experience, standards and national recommendations. CLICKdesign will provide a tool that has within it the decades of research, the complexity of the standards specification systems and the variation of approach due to tradition, materials and culture across Europe and beyond. A simple tool for nonexpert public users will be available as well as a tool accessible to professional users that will be refined with industry to ensure relevancy and accelerate uptake and use.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Wood Protection and Preservation.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Brischke, C.,\n editor.\n \n\n\n \n\n\n\n Volume 5 of Forests, Special IssueMDPI, Switzerland, 2020.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@book{brischke_wood_2020,\n\taddress = {Switzerland},\n\tseries = {Forests, {Special} {Issue}},\n\ttitle = {Wood {Protection} and {Preservation}},\n\tvolume = {5},\n\tisbn = {978-3-03936-333-9},\n\tabstract = {Wood is an advantageous building material in many respects, but it is biodegradable and therefore requires protection when used in highly hazardous applications. This Special Issue on ‘Wood Protection and Preservation’ comprises 19 papers representing a wide range of aspects related to the field and gives timely examples of research activities that can be observed around the globe.},\n\tlanguage = {English},\n\tpublisher = {MDPI},\n\teditor = {Brischke, Christian},\n\tyear = {2020},\n\tfile = {Brischke - 2020 - Wood Protection and Preservation.pdf:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\maicher\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\B3DCZY5M\\\\Brischke - 2020 - Wood Protection and Preservation.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n\n\n Wood is an advantageous building material in many respects, but it is biodegradable and therefore requires protection when used in highly hazardous applications. This Special Issue on ‘Wood Protection and Preservation’ comprises 19 papers representing a wide range of aspects related to the field and gives timely examples of research activities that can be observed around the globe.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Resistance of different wood-based materials against mould fungi: a comparison of methods.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Imken, A. A.; Brischke, C.; Kögel, S.; Krause, K. C.; and Mai, C.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n European Journal of Wood and Wood Products, 78(4): 661–671. July 2020.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \nPaper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{imken_resistance_2020,\n\ttitle = {Resistance of different wood-based materials against mould fungi: a comparison of methods},\n\tvolume = {78},\n\tissn = {1436-736X},\n\tshorttitle = {Resistance of different wood-based materials against mould fungi},\n\turl = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s00107-020-01554-5},\n\tdoi = {10.1007/s00107-020-01554-5},\n\tabstract = {Wood-based materials are generally prone to colonization by mould fungi and other discoloring microorganisms, but their resistance to fungal discoloration varies. Different standardized test methods for determining the susceptibility to mould fungi have been used to evaluate various wood-based materials, but the obtained results suggest that mould resistance depends on the method applied. Therefore, this study aimed at a comparative evaluation of two commonly used methods for determining the mould resistance of wood-based materials, i.e. the chamber method according to BS 3900—Part G6 and the malt agar plate method according to ISO 16869. Solid wood, wood fiber insulation boards and wood polymer composites were inoculated, incubated for different time intervals, and assessed with regard to superficial mould growth. Mould growth ratings obtained with the two methods did not correlate well, neither within one type of material nor across different materials, which can be attributed to higher moisture contents and additional nutrients available for the specimens in the agar plate test compared to those in the chamber test. It was concluded, that the experimental set up could have an overriding effect on the results of mould resistance tests.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {4},\n\turldate = {2020-07-12},\n\tjournal = {European Journal of Wood and Wood Products},\n\tauthor = {Imken, Arne A.P. and Brischke, Christian and Kögel, Sebastian and Krause, Kim C. and Mai, Carsten},\n\tmonth = jul,\n\tyear = {2020},\n\tpages = {661--671},\n\tfile = {Springer Full Text PDF:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\maicher\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\7MM2CVDT\\\\Imken et al. - 2020 - Resistance of different wood-based materials again.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n\n\n Wood-based materials are generally prone to colonization by mould fungi and other discoloring microorganisms, but their resistance to fungal discoloration varies. Different standardized test methods for determining the susceptibility to mould fungi have been used to evaluate various wood-based materials, but the obtained results suggest that mould resistance depends on the method applied. Therefore, this study aimed at a comparative evaluation of two commonly used methods for determining the mould resistance of wood-based materials, i.e. the chamber method according to BS 3900—Part G6 and the malt agar plate method according to ISO 16869. Solid wood, wood fiber insulation boards and wood polymer composites were inoculated, incubated for different time intervals, and assessed with regard to superficial mould growth. Mould growth ratings obtained with the two methods did not correlate well, neither within one type of material nor across different materials, which can be attributed to higher moisture contents and additional nutrients available for the specimens in the agar plate test compared to those in the chamber test. It was concluded, that the experimental set up could have an overriding effect on the results of mould resistance tests.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Wood protection with cement – Part 1: Coating matters and durability of cement coated wood.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Hirschmüller, S.; Marais, B.; Brischke, C.; Krey, A.; and Bösing, J.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In Proceedings IRG Annual Meeting, pages 25, online, webinar, June 2020. \n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@inproceedings{hirschmuller_wood_2020,\n\taddress = {online, webinar},\n\ttitle = {Wood protection with cement – {Part} 1: {Coating} matters and durability of cement coated wood},\n\tdoi = {IRG/WP 20-40911},\n\tabstract = {The use of wood in geotechnical applications has seen renewed interest. However, concerns related to the durability and service life of wood in ground contact applications remain. Wood has the potential to substitute commonly used steel and concrete in the geotechnical engineering sector, but solutions to extending the service life and maintenance intervals require long-lasting wood protection systems capable of inhibiting fungal and bacterial decay. Cement, one of the constituents of concrete was identified as a potential coating material for wood used in soil stabilisation works. Spruce and beech wood rest rolls from commercial veneer peeling has been identified as a potential source for cement-coated geotechnical wood products. Norway spruce and European beech wood was subsequently used in this study.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tbooktitle = {Proceedings {IRG} {Annual} {Meeting}},\n\tauthor = {Hirschmüller, Sebastian and Marais, Brendan and Brischke, Christian and Krey, Adrian and Bösing, Janine},\n\tmonth = jun,\n\tyear = {2020},\n\tpages = {25},\n\tfile = {Hirschmüller et al. - Wood protection with cement – Part 1 Coating matt.pdf:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\maicher\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\Z22GT947\\\\Hirschmüller et al. - Wood protection with cement – Part 1 Coating matt.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n\n\n The use of wood in geotechnical applications has seen renewed interest. However, concerns related to the durability and service life of wood in ground contact applications remain. Wood has the potential to substitute commonly used steel and concrete in the geotechnical engineering sector, but solutions to extending the service life and maintenance intervals require long-lasting wood protection systems capable of inhibiting fungal and bacterial decay. Cement, one of the constituents of concrete was identified as a potential coating material for wood used in soil stabilisation works. Spruce and beech wood rest rolls from commercial veneer peeling has been identified as a potential source for cement-coated geotechnical wood products. Norway spruce and European beech wood was subsequently used in this study.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Impregnation of railway sleepers - Investigation of a system-sleeper as an alternative for creosote treated sleepers.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Starck, M.; Heidel, A.; Brischke, C.; and Militz, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In Proceedings IRG Annual Meeting, pages 17, online, webinar, June 2020. \n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@inproceedings{starck_impregnation_2020,\n\taddress = {online, webinar},\n\ttitle = {Impregnation of railway sleepers - {Investigation} of a system-sleeper as an alternative for creosote treated sleepers},\n\tdoi = {IRG/WP 20-40896},\n\tabstract = {For nearly 200 years wooden railway sleepers are impregnated with creosote. After initially using vacuum pressure processes for impregnation, empty-cell processes have been developed quickly and are used until today. Because of political developments, creosote will probably be banned on the European market in the near future. The Fürstenberg-System-Sleeper, which combines for Europe innovative aspects as incising of the sleeper surface, a double impregnation of Beech sleepers including an alternative oily wood preservative and a modernised quality control shall on the one hand serve as an alternative to creosoted sleepers and on the other hand ensure future use of wooden sleepers in track superstructure. Incising reduced the formation of cracks in sleepers made from European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) until they are dry enough for impregnation, but did not decrease the drying time. A positive effect on preservative retention and -penetration was also occurring. During double impregnation using a water-based preservative and afterwards an oily preservative it became evident, that a gross weight of at least 950 kg/m³ was needed for penetrating the peripheral area of the sleepers to achieve an additional homogenous envelope treatment.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tbooktitle = {Proceedings {IRG} {Annual} {Meeting}},\n\tauthor = {Starck, Michael and Heidel, Andreas and Brischke, Christian and Militz, Holger},\n\tmonth = jun,\n\tyear = {2020},\n\tpages = {17},\n\tfile = {Starck et al. - Impregnation of railway sleepers - Investigation o.pdf:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\maicher\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\EGWMB8P3\\\\Starck et al. - Impregnation of railway sleepers - Investigation o.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n\n\n For nearly 200 years wooden railway sleepers are impregnated with creosote. After initially using vacuum pressure processes for impregnation, empty-cell processes have been developed quickly and are used until today. Because of political developments, creosote will probably be banned on the European market in the near future. The Fürstenberg-System-Sleeper, which combines for Europe innovative aspects as incising of the sleeper surface, a double impregnation of Beech sleepers including an alternative oily wood preservative and a modernised quality control shall on the one hand serve as an alternative to creosoted sleepers and on the other hand ensure future use of wooden sleepers in track superstructure. Incising reduced the formation of cracks in sleepers made from European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) until they are dry enough for impregnation, but did not decrease the drying time. A positive effect on preservative retention and -penetration was also occurring. During double impregnation using a water-based preservative and afterwards an oily preservative it became evident, that a gross weight of at least 950 kg/m³ was needed for penetrating the peripheral area of the sleepers to achieve an additional homogenous envelope treatment.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Development of procedures for sampling, testing, and classification to determine the biological durability of wood and wood products.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Scheiding, W.; Jacobs, K.; Bollmus, S.; and Brischke, C.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In Proceedings IRG Annual Meeting, pages 8, online, webinar, June 2020. \n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@inproceedings{scheiding_development_2020,\n\taddress = {online, webinar},\n\ttitle = {Development of procedures for sampling, testing, and classification to determine the biological durability of wood and wood products},\n\tdoi = {IRG 20-20676},\n\tabstract = {This paper informs about a research project, which deals with several shortcomings and a lack of clarity within EN 350:2016. The project started in January 2020, will run for 3 years, and is operated by the Institute of Wood Technology Dresden (IHD) and the University of Goettingen (UGOE).},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tbooktitle = {Proceedings {IRG} {Annual} {Meeting}},\n\tauthor = {Scheiding, Wolfram and Jacobs, Kordula and Bollmus, Susanne and Brischke, Christian},\n\tmonth = jun,\n\tyear = {2020},\n\tpages = {8},\n\tfile = {Scheiding et al. - Development of procedures for sampling, testing, a.pdf:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\maicher\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\R9YUY9WS\\\\Scheiding et al. - Development of procedures for sampling, testing, a.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n\n\n This paper informs about a research project, which deals with several shortcomings and a lack of clarity within EN 350:2016. The project started in January 2020, will run for 3 years, and is operated by the Institute of Wood Technology Dresden (IHD) and the University of Goettingen (UGOE).\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Modelling decay rates of timber exposed above ground on four different continents.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Francis, L. P; Morrell, J. J; Brischke, C.; Niekerk, P. B V.; and Norton, J.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In Proceedings IRG Annual Meeting, pages 15, online, webinar, June 2020. \n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@inproceedings{francis_modelling_2020,\n\taddress = {online, webinar},\n\ttitle = {Modelling decay rates of timber exposed above ground on four different continents},\n\tdoi = {IRG/WP 20-20670},\n\tabstract = {Durability performance data from an international decking trial were analysed to explore relationships with climate variables, particularly those related to temperature and rainfall. Matched decking samples of slash pine (Pinus elliottii) sapwood and heartwood, spotted gum (Corymbia citriodora), Norway spruce (Picea abies) and Scots pine sapwood (Pinus sylvestris) were exposed to the weather above ground in Australia, Malaysia, Germany, Denmark and the United States. Boards were assessed periodically detect decay, which was rated using a common assessment scale.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tbooktitle = {Proceedings {IRG} {Annual} {Meeting}},\n\tauthor = {Francis, Lesley P and Morrell, Jeffrey J and Brischke, Christian and Niekerk, Philip B Van and Norton, Jack},\n\tmonth = jun,\n\tyear = {2020},\n\tpages = {15},\n\tfile = {Francis et al. - Modelling decay rates of timber exposed above grou.pdf:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\maicher\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\9MSP2U6N\\\\Francis et al. - Modelling decay rates of timber exposed above grou.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n\n\n Durability performance data from an international decking trial were analysed to explore relationships with climate variables, particularly those related to temperature and rainfall. Matched decking samples of slash pine (Pinus elliottii) sapwood and heartwood, spotted gum (Corymbia citriodora), Norway spruce (Picea abies) and Scots pine sapwood (Pinus sylvestris) were exposed to the weather above ground in Australia, Malaysia, Germany, Denmark and the United States. Boards were assessed periodically detect decay, which was rated using a common assessment scale.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n The role of specimen format in wood durability testing.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Brischke, C.; Grünwald, L. K; and Bollmus, S.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In Proceedings IRG Annual Meeting, pages 13, online, webinar, June 2020. \n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@inproceedings{brischke_role_2020,\n\taddress = {online, webinar},\n\ttitle = {The role of specimen format in wood durability testing},\n\tdoi = {IRG/WP 20-20672},\n\tabstract = {The experimental basis for testing the biological durability of wood are often incubation experiments with wood-destroying basidiomycetes. Numerous parameters can affect the mass loss by fungal decay (MLF) in laboratory durability tests and therefore being decisive for the resulting durability classification. Among others, the dimension of the wood specimen and the time of incubation impact on fungal decay. Hence both parameters were examined within this study systematically using 19 different specimen formats and four different incubation times. Specimens made from Larch heartwood (Larix decidua Mill.) and incubated with pure cultures of the brown rot fungus Coniophora puteana. Scots pine sapwood (Pinus sylvestris L.) was used as a reference.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tbooktitle = {Proceedings {IRG} {Annual} {Meeting}},\n\tauthor = {Brischke, Christian and Grünwald, Leopold K and Bollmus, Susanne},\n\tmonth = jun,\n\tyear = {2020},\n\tpages = {13},\n\tfile = {Brischke et al. - The role of specimen format in wood durability tes.pdf:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\maicher\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\JX9RNBU8\\\\Brischke et al. - The role of specimen format in wood durability tes.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n\n\n The experimental basis for testing the biological durability of wood are often incubation experiments with wood-destroying basidiomycetes. Numerous parameters can affect the mass loss by fungal decay (MLF) in laboratory durability tests and therefore being decisive for the resulting durability classification. Among others, the dimension of the wood specimen and the time of incubation impact on fungal decay. Hence both parameters were examined within this study systematically using 19 different specimen formats and four different incubation times. Specimens made from Larch heartwood (Larix decidua Mill.) and incubated with pure cultures of the brown rot fungus Coniophora puteana. Scots pine sapwood (Pinus sylvestris L.) was used as a reference.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Biological durability of sapling wood.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Brischke, C.; Emmerich, L.; Nienaber, D. G B; and Bollmus, S.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In Proceedings IRG Annual Meeting, pages 11, The International Research Group on Wood Protection, June 2020. online, webinar\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@inproceedings{brischke_biological_2020,\n\taddress = {The International Research Group on Wood Protection},\n\ttitle = {Biological durability of sapling wood},\n\tdoi = {IRG/WP 20-10967},\n\tabstract = {Sapling-wood products from different wood species such as willow (Salix spp.) and Common hazel (Corylus avellana) are frequently used for gardening and outdoor decoration purposes. Remaining bark is suggested to provide additional biological durability. Even for temporary outdoor use it seemed questionable that durability of juvenile sapwood can provide acceptably long service lives of horticultural products. Therefore, sapling-wood from in total seven Europeangrown wood species was submitted to laboratory and field durability tests. In field tests, specimens with and without bark were tested in comparison and submitted to differently severe exposure situations, i.e. in ground contact, and above ground situations with and without water trapping. All materials under test were classified ‘not durable’ independently from any potential protective effect of remaining bark, which contradicted their suitability for outdoor applications if multiannual use is desired.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tbooktitle = {Proceedings {IRG} {Annual} {Meeting}},\n\tpublisher = {online, webinar},\n\tauthor = {Brischke, Christian and Emmerich, Lukas and Nienaber, Dirk G B and Bollmus, Susanne},\n\tmonth = jun,\n\tyear = {2020},\n\tpages = {11},\n\tfile = {Brischke et al. - Biological durability of sapling wood.pdf:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\maicher\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\LCR9RQAE\\\\Brischke et al. - Biological durability of sapling wood.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n\n\n Sapling-wood products from different wood species such as willow (Salix spp.) and Common hazel (Corylus avellana) are frequently used for gardening and outdoor decoration purposes. Remaining bark is suggested to provide additional biological durability. Even for temporary outdoor use it seemed questionable that durability of juvenile sapwood can provide acceptably long service lives of horticultural products. Therefore, sapling-wood from in total seven Europeangrown wood species was submitted to laboratory and field durability tests. In field tests, specimens with and without bark were tested in comparison and submitted to differently severe exposure situations, i.e. in ground contact, and above ground situations with and without water trapping. All materials under test were classified ‘not durable’ independently from any potential protective effect of remaining bark, which contradicted their suitability for outdoor applications if multiannual use is desired.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Impact of fungal decay on the bending properties of wood.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Bollmus, S.; van Niekerk, P. B.; and Brischke, C.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In Proceedings IRG Annual Meeting, pages 15, online, webinar, June 2020. \n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@inproceedings{bollmus_impact_2020,\n\taddress = {online, webinar},\n\ttitle = {Impact of fungal decay on the bending properties of wood},\n\tdoi = {IRG/WP 20-20671},\n\tabstract = {Wood used outdoors is generally prone to fungal degradation, and its impact on the structural integrity of wood is an immanent factor for service life planning with timber. Wood decayed to very small mass losses can suffer from a significant reduction in mechanical strength and elastic properties. Hence, the latter are preferred indicators to detect decay in wood durability studies. Numerous previous studies suggested, for instance, modulus of elasticity (MOE) measurements for decay detection since they outperform mass loss in terms of sensitivity. However, literature reports on the topic are not always consistent and partly contradictory. Therefore, this study aimed at 1.) comparing different methods for decay detection with respect to their sensitivity to decay and transferability to each other, and at 2.) quantifying the effect of white and brown rot decay on bending properties of wood.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tbooktitle = {Proceedings {IRG} {Annual} {Meeting}},\n\tauthor = {Bollmus, Susanne and van Niekerk, Philip Bester and Brischke, Christian},\n\tmonth = jun,\n\tyear = {2020},\n\tpages = {15},\n\tfile = {Bollmus et al. - Impact of fungal decay on the bending properties o.pdf:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\maicher\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\YY2EEG6C\\\\Bollmus et al. - Impact of fungal decay on the bending properties o.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n\n\n Wood used outdoors is generally prone to fungal degradation, and its impact on the structural integrity of wood is an immanent factor for service life planning with timber. Wood decayed to very small mass losses can suffer from a significant reduction in mechanical strength and elastic properties. Hence, the latter are preferred indicators to detect decay in wood durability studies. Numerous previous studies suggested, for instance, modulus of elasticity (MOE) measurements for decay detection since they outperform mass loss in terms of sensitivity. However, literature reports on the topic are not always consistent and partly contradictory. Therefore, this study aimed at 1.) comparing different methods for decay detection with respect to their sensitivity to decay and transferability to each other, and at 2.) quantifying the effect of white and brown rot decay on bending properties of wood.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Quality Control of Thermally Modified Timber Using Dynamic Vapor Sorption (DVS) Analysis.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Humar, M.; Repič, R.; Kržišnik, D.; Lesar, B.; Cerc Korošec, R.; Brischke, C.; Emmerich, L.; and Rep, G.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Forests, 11(6): 666. June 2020.\n Number: 6 Publisher: Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \nPaper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{humar_quality_2020,\n\ttitle = {Quality {Control} of {Thermally} {Modified} {Timber} {Using} {Dynamic} {Vapor} {Sorption} ({DVS}) {Analysis}},\n\tvolume = {11},\n\tcopyright = {http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/},\n\turl = {https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4907/11/6/666},\n\tdoi = {10.3390/f11060666},\n\tabstract = {The importance of thermal modification is increasing worldwide. Increased use of thermally modified timber (TMT) has resulted in a need for reliable quality control, comprising control of variation of the production within defined limits, allowing third-party control in the case of certification and the regulation of customer complaints and claims. Techniques are thus needed to characterise the modification of quality in terms of improved target properties of TMT during industrial production, and of TMT products that have been in service for an arbitrary time. In this study, we aimed to utilise dynamic vapor sorption (DVS) for this purpose. Norway spruce (Picea abies) and European beech (Fagus sylvatica) samples were thermally modified at different temperatures according to different heat treatment techniques: (1) the Silvapro process based on an initial vacuum; (2) an air heat treatment, whereby samples were wrapped in aluminium foil; (3) thermal modification of wood samples in the ambient atmosphere in a laboratory oven. Wood samples from closed processes were analysed for validation. TMT was characterised with respect to mass loss, colour and density. Mass loss of wood due to modification (MLTM) was correlated with factors derived from DVS analysis. The present DVS measurements suggest that the equilibrium wood moisture content (EMC95\\% RH), the time to reach 10\\% wood moisture content (t10\\% MC), and the elongation factor, c, derived from a logarithmic function, can serve as alternative parameters to characterise the quality of several thermal modification processes. Further studies are recommended using other wood species, different modification processes and further parameters gained from DVS measurements to understand the robustness and the predictive power of the applied technique.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {6},\n\turldate = {2020-06-11},\n\tjournal = {Forests},\n\tauthor = {Humar, Miha and Repič, Rožle and Kržišnik, Davor and Lesar, Boštjan and Cerc Korošec, Romana and Brischke, Christian and Emmerich, Lukas and Rep, Gregor},\n\tmonth = jun,\n\tyear = {2020},\n\tnote = {Number: 6\nPublisher: Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute},\n\tkeywords = {wood, moisture content, thermal modification, quality control, dynamic vapour sorption},\n\tpages = {666},\n\tfile = {Humar et al. - 2020 - Quality Control of Thermally Modified Timber Using.pdf:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\maicher\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\FMQZFPXS\\\\Humar et al. - 2020 - Quality Control of Thermally Modified Timber Using.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n\n\n The importance of thermal modification is increasing worldwide. Increased use of thermally modified timber (TMT) has resulted in a need for reliable quality control, comprising control of variation of the production within defined limits, allowing third-party control in the case of certification and the regulation of customer complaints and claims. Techniques are thus needed to characterise the modification of quality in terms of improved target properties of TMT during industrial production, and of TMT products that have been in service for an arbitrary time. In this study, we aimed to utilise dynamic vapor sorption (DVS) for this purpose. Norway spruce (Picea abies) and European beech (Fagus sylvatica) samples were thermally modified at different temperatures according to different heat treatment techniques: (1) the Silvapro process based on an initial vacuum; (2) an air heat treatment, whereby samples were wrapped in aluminium foil; (3) thermal modification of wood samples in the ambient atmosphere in a laboratory oven. Wood samples from closed processes were analysed for validation. TMT was characterised with respect to mass loss, colour and density. Mass loss of wood due to modification (MLTM) was correlated with factors derived from DVS analysis. The present DVS measurements suggest that the equilibrium wood moisture content (EMC95% RH), the time to reach 10% wood moisture content (t10% MC), and the elongation factor, c, derived from a logarithmic function, can serve as alternative parameters to characterise the quality of several thermal modification processes. Further studies are recommended using other wood species, different modification processes and further parameters gained from DVS measurements to understand the robustness and the predictive power of the applied technique.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Assessment of Preservative-Treated Wooden Poles Using Drilling-Resistance Measurements.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Sharapov, E.; Brischke, C.; and Militz, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Forests, 11(1): 20. 2020.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{sharapov_assessment_2020,\n\ttitle = {Assessment of {Preservative}-{Treated} {Wooden} {Poles} {Using} {Drilling}-{Resistance} {Measurements}},\n\tvolume = {11},\n\tissn = {1999-4907},\n\turl = {https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4907/11/1/20},\n\tdoi = {10.3390/f11010020},\n\tabstract = {An IML-Resi PD-400 drilling tool with two types of spade drill bits (IML System GmbH, Wiesloch, Germany) was used to evaluate the internal conditions of 3 m wooden poles made from Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.). Drilling tests were performed on poles that were industrially vacuum-pressure-impregnated with a copper-based preservative (Korasit KS-M) and untreated reference poles. Both types of poles were subject to 10.5 years of in-ground exposure. Wood moisture content (MC) was measured using a resistance-type moisture meter. MC varied between 15\\% and 60\\% in the radial and axial directions in both treated and untreated poles. A higher MC was detected in the underground, top, and outer (sapwood) parts of the poles. Typical drilling-resistance (DR) profiles of poles with internal defects were analyzed. Preservative treatment had a significant influence on wood durability in the underground part of the poles. Based on DR measurements, we found that untreated wood that was in contact with soil was severely degraded by insects and wood-destroying fungi. Conversely, treated wood generally showed no reduction in DR or feeding resistance (FR). DR profiling is a potential method for the in-situ or in vitro assessment and quality monitoring of preservative treatments and wood durability. The technological benefits of using drill bits with one major cutting edge, instead of standard drill bits with center-spiked tips and two major cutting edges, were not evident. A new graphical method was applied to present DR data and their spatial distribution in the poles. Future studies should focus on the impact of preservative treatments, thermal modification, and chemical modification on the DR and FR of wood. This may further elucidate the predictive value of DR and FR for wood properties.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {1},\n\turldate = {2020-06-02},\n\tjournal = {Forests},\n\tauthor = {Sharapov, Evgenii and Brischke, Christian and Militz, Holger},\n\tyear = {2020},\n\tpages = {20},\n\tfile = {Volltext:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\maicher\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\GFF5RD4I\\\\Sharapov et al. - 2019 - Assessment of Preservative-Treated Wooden Poles Us.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n\n\n An IML-Resi PD-400 drilling tool with two types of spade drill bits (IML System GmbH, Wiesloch, Germany) was used to evaluate the internal conditions of 3 m wooden poles made from Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.). Drilling tests were performed on poles that were industrially vacuum-pressure-impregnated with a copper-based preservative (Korasit KS-M) and untreated reference poles. Both types of poles were subject to 10.5 years of in-ground exposure. Wood moisture content (MC) was measured using a resistance-type moisture meter. MC varied between 15% and 60% in the radial and axial directions in both treated and untreated poles. A higher MC was detected in the underground, top, and outer (sapwood) parts of the poles. Typical drilling-resistance (DR) profiles of poles with internal defects were analyzed. Preservative treatment had a significant influence on wood durability in the underground part of the poles. Based on DR measurements, we found that untreated wood that was in contact with soil was severely degraded by insects and wood-destroying fungi. Conversely, treated wood generally showed no reduction in DR or feeding resistance (FR). DR profiling is a potential method for the in-situ or in vitro assessment and quality monitoring of preservative treatments and wood durability. The technological benefits of using drill bits with one major cutting edge, instead of standard drill bits with center-spiked tips and two major cutting edges, were not evident. A new graphical method was applied to present DR data and their spatial distribution in the poles. Future studies should focus on the impact of preservative treatments, thermal modification, and chemical modification on the DR and FR of wood. This may further elucidate the predictive value of DR and FR for wood properties.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Wood Protection and Preservation.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Brischke, C.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Forests, 11: 549. 2020.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{brischke_wood_2020-1,\n\ttitle = {Wood {Protection} and {Preservation}},\n\tvolume = {11},\n\tdoi = {10.3390/f11050549},\n\tabstract = {Wood is an advantageous building material in many respects, but it is biodegradable and therefore requires protection when used in highly hazardous applications. This Special Issue on ‘Wood Protection and Preservation’ comprises 19 papers representing a wide range of aspects related to the field and gives timely examples of research activities that can be observed around the globe.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tjournal = {Forests},\n\tauthor = {Brischke, Christian},\n\tyear = {2020},\n\tpages = {549},\n\tfile = {Brischke - Wood Protection and Preservation.pdf:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\maicher\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\VV82GY7L\\\\Brischke - Wood Protection and Preservation.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n\n\n Wood is an advantageous building material in many respects, but it is biodegradable and therefore requires protection when used in highly hazardous applications. This Special Issue on ‘Wood Protection and Preservation’ comprises 19 papers representing a wide range of aspects related to the field and gives timely examples of research activities that can be observed around the globe.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Mapping the Decay Hazard of Wooden Structures in Topographically Divergent Regions.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Brischke, C.; and Selter, V.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Forests, 11(5): 510. May 2020.\n Number: 5 Publisher: Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute\n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{brischke_mapping_2020,\n\ttitle = {Mapping the {Decay} {Hazard} of {Wooden} {Structures} in {Topographically} {Divergent} {Regions}},\n\tvolume = {11},\n\tcopyright = {http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/},\n\turl = {https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4907/11/5/510},\n\tdoi = {10.3390/f11050510},\n\tabstract = {The service life of exposed wooden structures depends on many endogenous and exogenous factors with moisture being key for fungal degradation. Climate parameters are therefore important input variables for modelling fungal decay in wood. In recent years, different approaches aimed at modelling climate-induced dosage on the material climate (i.e., exposure models) and the effect of the latter on fungal decay (i.e., decay models). Based on maps of Europe, North America or Australia, the decay hazard can be assigned to zones and used for estimating the relative decay potential of an arbitrary location. However, especially in topographically divergent regions, the climate-induced decay hazard can vary strongly within a small area. Within this study, decay hazards were quantified and mapped for a mountainous region where topography-induced differences in local climate and corresponding exposure dosage can be expected. The area under investigation was Switzerland. In addition to the Scheffer Climate Index (SCI), two exposure models were combined with two decay models and used to quantify the relative moisture- and temperature-induced exposure dose at 75 different weather stations in Switzerland and adjacent regions. The exposure was expressed as relative dosage with Uppsala (Sweden) as a reference location. Relative dose values were calculated for locations between weather stations using an \\‘inverse distance weighted (IDW)\\’ interpolation and displayed in maps for the entire country. A more detailed analysis was undertaken for the L\\ötschental area, which is the largest valley on the northern side of the Rh\\ône valley in the canton of Valais. The relative dose differed strongly within small areas and altitude was well correlated with the average annual temperature and the resulting relative dose. It became evident that small-scale mapping with high resolution is needed to fully reflect the impact of topography and other local conditions on the moisture- and temperature-induced decay risk in wooden components.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {5},\n\turldate = {2020-05-04},\n\tjournal = {Forests},\n\tauthor = {Brischke, Christian and Selter, Vanessa},\n\tmonth = may,\n\tyear = {2020},\n\tnote = {Number: 5\nPublisher: Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute},\n\tkeywords = {climate, durability, service life planning, Scheffer Climate Index (\\textit{SCI}), service life modelling},\n\tpages = {510},\n\tfile = {Brischke und Selter - 2020 - Mapping the Decay Hazard of Wooden Structures in T.pdf:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\maicher\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\PRT3YZRM\\\\Brischke und Selter - 2020 - Mapping the Decay Hazard of Wooden Structures in T.pdf:application/pdf;Full Text PDF:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\maicher\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\YTT6N48U\\\\Brischke und Selter - 2020 - Mapping the Decay Hazard of Wooden Structures in T.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n\n\n The service life of exposed wooden structures depends on many endogenous and exogenous factors with moisture being key for fungal degradation. Climate parameters are therefore important input variables for modelling fungal decay in wood. In recent years, different approaches aimed at modelling climate-induced dosage on the material climate (i.e., exposure models) and the effect of the latter on fungal decay (i.e., decay models). Based on maps of Europe, North America or Australia, the decay hazard can be assigned to zones and used for estimating the relative decay potential of an arbitrary location. However, especially in topographically divergent regions, the climate-induced decay hazard can vary strongly within a small area. Within this study, decay hazards were quantified and mapped for a mountainous region where topography-induced differences in local climate and corresponding exposure dosage can be expected. The area under investigation was Switzerland. In addition to the Scheffer Climate Index (SCI), two exposure models were combined with two decay models and used to quantify the relative moisture- and temperature-induced exposure dose at 75 different weather stations in Switzerland and adjacent regions. The exposure was expressed as relative dosage with Uppsala (Sweden) as a reference location. Relative dose values were calculated for locations between weather stations using an ‘inverse distance weighted (IDW)’ interpolation and displayed in maps for the entire country. A more detailed analysis was undertaken for the Lötschental area, which is the largest valley on the northern side of the Rhône valley in the canton of Valais. The relative dose differed strongly within small areas and altitude was well correlated with the average annual temperature and the resulting relative dose. It became evident that small-scale mapping with high resolution is needed to fully reflect the impact of topography and other local conditions on the moisture- and temperature-induced decay risk in wooden components.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Wood-water relationships and their role for wood susceptibility to fungal decay.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Brischke, C.; and Alfredsen, G.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, 104(9): 3781–3795. May 2020.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{brischke_wood-water_2020,\n\ttitle = {Wood-water relationships and their role for wood susceptibility to fungal decay},\n\tvolume = {104},\n\tissn = {0175-7598, 1432-0614},\n\turl = {http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s00253-020-10479-1},\n\tdoi = {10.1007/s00253-020-10479-1},\n\tabstract = {Wood in service is sequestering carbon, but it is principally prone to deterioration where different fungi metabolize wood, and carbon dioxide is released back to the atmosphere. A key prerequisite for fungal degradation of wood is the presence of moisture. Conversely, keeping wood dry is the most effective way to protect wood from wood degradation and for long-term binding of carbon. Wood is porous and hygroscopic; it can take up water in liquid and gaseous form, and water is released from wood through evaporation following a given water vapour pressure gradient. During the last decades, the perception of wood-water relationships changed significantly and so did the view on moisture-affected properties of wood. Among the latter is its susceptibility to fungal decay. This paper reviews findings related to wood-water relationships and their role for fungal wood decomposition. These are complex interrelationships not yet fully understood, and current knowledge gaps are therefore identified. Studies with chemically and thermally modified wood are included as examples of fungal wood substrates with altered moisture properties. Quantification and localization of capillary and cell wall water – especially in the over-hygroscopic range – is considered crucial for determining minimum moisture thresholds (MMThr) of wood-decay fungi. The limitations of the various methods and experimental set-ups to investigate wood-water relationships and their role for fungal decay are manifold. Hence, combining techniques from wood science, mycology, biotechnology and advanced analytics is expected to provide new insights and eventually a breakthrough in understanding the intricate balance between fungal decay and wood-water relations.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {9},\n\turldate = {2020-04-21},\n\tjournal = {Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology},\n\tauthor = {Brischke, Christian and Alfredsen, Gry},\n\tmonth = may,\n\tyear = {2020},\n\tpages = {3781--3795},\n\tfile = {Brischke und Alfredsen - 2020 - Wood-water relationships and their role for wood s.pdf:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\maicher\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\XI72T9RS\\\\Brischke und Alfredsen - 2020 - Wood-water relationships and their role for wood s.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n\n\n Wood in service is sequestering carbon, but it is principally prone to deterioration where different fungi metabolize wood, and carbon dioxide is released back to the atmosphere. A key prerequisite for fungal degradation of wood is the presence of moisture. Conversely, keeping wood dry is the most effective way to protect wood from wood degradation and for long-term binding of carbon. Wood is porous and hygroscopic; it can take up water in liquid and gaseous form, and water is released from wood through evaporation following a given water vapour pressure gradient. During the last decades, the perception of wood-water relationships changed significantly and so did the view on moisture-affected properties of wood. Among the latter is its susceptibility to fungal decay. This paper reviews findings related to wood-water relationships and their role for fungal wood decomposition. These are complex interrelationships not yet fully understood, and current knowledge gaps are therefore identified. Studies with chemically and thermally modified wood are included as examples of fungal wood substrates with altered moisture properties. Quantification and localization of capillary and cell wall water – especially in the over-hygroscopic range – is considered crucial for determining minimum moisture thresholds (MMThr) of wood-decay fungi. The limitations of the various methods and experimental set-ups to investigate wood-water relationships and their role for fungal decay are manifold. Hence, combining techniques from wood science, mycology, biotechnology and advanced analytics is expected to provide new insights and eventually a breakthrough in understanding the intricate balance between fungal decay and wood-water relations.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Folienlagerung von Käferholz.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Brischke, C.; Bollmus, S.; Braun, M.; and Emmerich, L.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Holz-Zentralblatt, 146(15): 296–297. 2020.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n\n@article{brischke_folienlagerung_2020,\n\ttitle = {Folienlagerung von {Käferholz}},\n\tvolume = {146},\n\tlanguage = {Deutsch},\n\tnumber = {15},\n\tjournal = {Holz-Zentralblatt},\n\tauthor = {Brischke, Christian and Bollmus, Susanne and Braun, Marco and Emmerich, Lukas},\n\tyear = {2020},\n\tpages = {296--297},\n\tfile = {Brischke et al. - 2020 - Folienlagerung von Käferholz.pdf:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\maicher\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\HMP6IZFP\\\\Brischke et al. - 2020 - Folienlagerung von Käferholz.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n High-energy multiple impact (HEMI) tests of wood–polypropylene composites: new insights in structural integrity.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Krause, K. C.; Krause, A.; Pilz, S. E.; and Brischke, C.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Wood Material Science & Engineering, -(-): 1–4. March 2020.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \nPaper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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Paper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n@article{krause_high-energy_2020,\n\ttitle = {High-energy multiple impact ({HEMI}) tests of wood–polypropylene composites: new insights in structural integrity},\n\tvolume = {-},\n\tissn = {1748-0272, 1748-0280},\n\tshorttitle = {High-energy multiple impact ({HEMI}) tests of wood–polypropylene composites},\n\turl = {https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/17480272.2020.1737962},\n\tdoi = {10.1080/17480272.2020.1737962},\n\tabstract = {The structural integrity of wood–polymer composites (WPC) has not been fully investigated, which can be attributed to a lack of applicable test procedures. In this study, wood–polypropylene composites were assessed by High-Energy Multiple Impact (HEMI) testing. The acquired composites were based on wood particles from various sources and different wood fibre contents, respectively. With respect to wood fibre content, a clear relationship between resistance to impact milling (RIM) and unnotched impact bending strength (acU) was obtained. The lower the fibre content of the WPC the more structural integrity was retained. In return, various wood sources had no effect on acU, but a major impact on RIM values. RIM is suggested to be predominantly affected by structural features, such as fibre/particle content and characteristics, particle agglomerations, and spatial void distribution.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {-},\n\turldate = {2020-03-17},\n\tjournal = {Wood Material Science \\& Engineering},\n\tauthor = {Krause, Kim C. and Krause, Andreas and Pilz, Sarah E. and Brischke, Christian},\n\tmonth = mar,\n\tyear = {2020},\n\tpages = {1--4},\n\tfile = {Krause et al. - 2020 - High-energy multiple impact (HEMI) tests of wood–p.pdf:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\maicher\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\U88B54S2\\\\Krause et al. - 2020 - High-energy multiple impact (HEMI) tests of wood–p.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n\n\n The structural integrity of wood–polymer composites (WPC) has not been fully investigated, which can be attributed to a lack of applicable test procedures. In this study, wood–polypropylene composites were assessed by High-Energy Multiple Impact (HEMI) testing. The acquired composites were based on wood particles from various sources and different wood fibre contents, respectively. With respect to wood fibre content, a clear relationship between resistance to impact milling (RIM) and unnotched impact bending strength (acU) was obtained. The lower the fibre content of the WPC the more structural integrity was retained. In return, various wood sources had no effect on acU, but a major impact on RIM values. RIM is suggested to be predominantly affected by structural features, such as fibre/particle content and characteristics, particle agglomerations, and spatial void distribution.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Long-term performance of DMDHEU-treated wood installed in different test set-ups in ground, above ground and in the marine environment.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Emmerich, L.; Militz, H.; and Brischke, C.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n International Wood Products Journal, 11(1): 27–37. January 2020.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{emmerich_long-term_2020,\n\ttitle = {Long-term performance of {DMDHEU}-treated wood installed in different test set-ups in ground, above ground and in the marine environment},\n\tvolume = {11},\n\tissn = {2042-6445},\n\turl = {https://doi.org/10.1080/20426445.2020.1715553},\n\tdoi = {10.1080/20426445.2020.1715553},\n\tabstract = {The field performance of wood modified with 1,3-dimethylol-4,5-dihydroxyethyleneurea (DMDHEU) is reported after outdoor exposure above ground (UC3), in ground (UC4) and in the marine environment (UC5) at six different sites in Europe and Australia. Results from more than seven years field testing with respect to the DMDHEU treatment level, wood species (Scots pine, European beech, spotted gum and slash pine) and climate conditions were evaluated. DMDHEU was shown to significantly improve the biological durability of Scots pine sapwood after exposure under UC3, UC4 and UC5 conditions, which confirmed previous findings on the laboratory scale. The latter was classified as ‘durable to very durable’ (durability class DC1-2). However, DMDHEU modification seemed to be more efficient in Scots pine, slash pine and spotted gum so that higher chemical loadings are required for European beech to reach similar resistance against wood-destroying fungi. Under feeding pressure of Teredo navalis, DMDHEU treatment was graded as ‘durable’.},\n\tnumber = {1},\n\turldate = {2020-02-14},\n\tjournal = {International Wood Products Journal},\n\tauthor = {Emmerich, Lukas and Militz, Holger and Brischke, Christian},\n\tmonth = jan,\n\tyear = {2020},\n\tkeywords = {DMDHEU, resin treatment, Beech, pine, chemical wood modification, N-methylol, durability, field tests},\n\tpages = {27--37},\n}\n\n\n\n The field performance of wood modified with 1,3-dimethylol-4,5-dihydroxyethyleneurea (DMDHEU) is reported after outdoor exposure above ground (UC3), in ground (UC4) and in the marine environment (UC5) at six different sites in Europe and Australia. Results from more than seven years field testing with respect to the DMDHEU treatment level, wood species (Scots pine, European beech, spotted gum and slash pine) and climate conditions were evaluated. DMDHEU was shown to significantly improve the biological durability of Scots pine sapwood after exposure under UC3, UC4 and UC5 conditions, which confirmed previous findings on the laboratory scale. The latter was classified as ‘durable to very durable’ (durability class DC1-2). However, DMDHEU modification seemed to be more efficient in Scots pine, slash pine and spotted gum so that higher chemical loadings are required for European beech to reach similar resistance against wood-destroying fungi. Under feeding pressure of Teredo navalis, DMDHEU treatment was graded as ‘durable’.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Salt damage in wood: controlled laboratory exposures and mechanical property measurements.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Kirker, G. T; Brischke, C.; Passarini, L.; and Zelinka, S. L\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Wood and Fiber Science, 52(1): 44–52. 2020.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{kirker_salt_2020,\n\ttitle = {Salt damage in wood: controlled laboratory exposures and mechanical property measurements},\n\tvolume = {52},\n\tdoi = {10.22382/wfs-2020-005},\n\tabstract = {Salt damage in wood can be recognized by its stringy appearance and is frequently observed in wood used in maritime structures and buildings built near the ocean. Whereas salt-damaged wood is common, little is known about the mechanism by which salt water alters the wood structure. There is no information on the effects of salt damage on the mechanical properties of wood. In this study, a laboratory method for creating salt damage in other porous materials was applied to wood. Wood pillars were placed in a reservoir of 5 M NaCl and exposed to a 40\\% RH environment. Capillary action pulled the salt water to the upper part of the pillars which were dry. Large deposits of effloresced salts were observed. The changes in mechanical properties caused by salt were measured by the high-energy multiple impact (HEMI) test. Salt damage caused a reduction in the resistance to impact milling (RIM) of 6.5\\%, and it was concluded that salt damage causes only minor effects on the strength of wood. The tests were not conclusive as to the exact mechanism of salt damage in treated wood. However, diffusion of mineral ions through the cell wall was found to be a key step in the salt damage mechanism.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {1},\n\tjournal = {Wood and Fiber Science},\n\tauthor = {Kirker, Grant T and Brischke, Christian and Passarini, Leandro and Zelinka, Samuel L},\n\tyear = {2020},\n\tpages = {44--52},\n\tfile = {Kirker et al. - 2020 - SALT DAMAGE IN WOOD CONTROLLED LABORATORY EXPOSUR.pdf:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\maicher\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\QLQI5E3U\\\\Kirker et al. - 2020 - SALT DAMAGE IN WOOD CONTROLLED LABORATORY EXPOSUR.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n\n\n Salt damage in wood can be recognized by its stringy appearance and is frequently observed in wood used in maritime structures and buildings built near the ocean. Whereas salt-damaged wood is common, little is known about the mechanism by which salt water alters the wood structure. There is no information on the effects of salt damage on the mechanical properties of wood. In this study, a laboratory method for creating salt damage in other porous materials was applied to wood. Wood pillars were placed in a reservoir of 5 M NaCl and exposed to a 40% RH environment. Capillary action pulled the salt water to the upper part of the pillars which were dry. Large deposits of effloresced salts were observed. The changes in mechanical properties caused by salt were measured by the high-energy multiple impact (HEMI) test. Salt damage caused a reduction in the resistance to impact milling (RIM) of 6.5%, and it was concluded that salt damage causes only minor effects on the strength of wood. The tests were not conclusive as to the exact mechanism of salt damage in treated wood. However, diffusion of mineral ions through the cell wall was found to be a key step in the salt damage mechanism.\n
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\n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Short-term performance of wooden windows and facade elements made of thermally modified and non-modified Norway spruce in different natural environments.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Ugovšek, A.; Šubic, B.; Starman, J.; Rep, G.; Humar, M.; Lesar, B.; Thaler, N.; Brischke, C.; Meyer-Veltrup, L.; Jones, D.; Häggström, U.; and Lozano, J. I.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Wood Material Science & Engineering, 14(1): 42–47. January 2019.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n\n@article{ugovsek_short-term_2019,\n\ttitle = {Short-term performance of wooden windows and facade elements made of thermally modified and non-modified {Norway} spruce in different natural environments},\n\tvolume = {14},\n\tissn = {1748-0272, 1748-0280},\n\turl = {https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/17480272.2018.1494627},\n\tdoi = {10.1080/17480272.2018.1494627},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {1},\n\turldate = {2019-03-14},\n\tjournal = {Wood Material Science \\& Engineering},\n\tauthor = {Ugovšek, Aleš and Šubic, Barbara and Starman, Jernej and Rep, Gregor and Humar, Miha and Lesar, Boštjan and Thaler, Nejc and Brischke, Christian and Meyer-Veltrup, Linda and Jones, Dennis and Häggström, Urban and Lozano, Jose Ignacio},\n\tmonth = jan,\n\tyear = {2019},\n\tpages = {42--47},\n\tfile = {Ugovšek et al. - 2018 - Short-term performance of wooden windows and facad.pdf:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\maicher\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\3YDFCTSM\\\\Ugovšek et al. - 2018 - Short-term performance of wooden windows and facad.pdf:application/pdf;Ugovšek et al. - 2019 - Short-term performance of wooden windows and facad.pdf:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\maicher\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\I5CBEHF2\\\\Ugovšek et al. - 2019 - Short-term performance of wooden windows and facad.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Prediction of modulus of elasticity in static bending and density of wood at different moisture contents and feed rates by drilling resistance measurements.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Sharapov, E.; Brischke, C.; Militz, H.; and Smirnova, E.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n European Journal of Wood and Wood Products, 77(5): 833–842. September 2019.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \nPaper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n \n \n 1 download\n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{sharapov_prediction_2019,\n\ttitle = {Prediction of modulus of elasticity in static bending and density of wood at different moisture contents and feed rates by drilling resistance measurements},\n\tvolume = {77},\n\tissn = {1436-736X},\n\turl = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s00107-019-01439-2},\n\tdoi = {10.1007/s00107-019-01439-2},\n\tabstract = {An IML-RESI PD 400 drilling tool and a standard spade drill bit were used to find the correlations of drilling and feeding resistance with the modulus of elasticity in static bending and density of wood. In total, 1575 drillings at 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 m/min feed rates were made in specimens of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.), European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.), English oak (Quercus robur L.) and common lime (Tilia europaea L.), which were oven-dried, conditioned at 20 °C/65\\% RH and 20 °C/95\\% RH and vacuum-impregnated with water. The feed rate (feed rate per major cutting edge or uncut chip thickness) had a significant impact on the prediction of density and modulus of elasticity through drilling resistance measurements and should be considered for comparison of properties and internal conditions of wood. Because of stronger correlation between drilling resistance and tested wood properties compared to feeding resistance, drilling resistance is recommended for density and MOE prediction of sound wood. Moisture content had no significant impact on the modulus of elasticity prediction by the drilling resistance measurements, while density can be predicted by linear models for two stages of moisture content variation, below and above fibre saturation.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {5},\n\turldate = {2019-08-19},\n\tjournal = {European Journal of Wood and Wood Products},\n\tauthor = {Sharapov, Evgenii and Brischke, Christian and Militz, Holger and Smirnova, Elena},\n\tmonth = sep,\n\tyear = {2019},\n\tpages = {833--842},\n\tfile = {Springer Full Text PDF:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\maicher\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\6V4EUUBB\\\\Sharapov et al. - 2019 - Prediction of modulus of elasticity in static bend.pdf:application/pdf;Springer Full Text PDF:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\maicher\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\GE88YKNI\\\\Sharapov et al. - 2019 - Prediction of modulus of elasticity in static bend.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n\n\n An IML-RESI PD 400 drilling tool and a standard spade drill bit were used to find the correlations of drilling and feeding resistance with the modulus of elasticity in static bending and density of wood. In total, 1575 drillings at 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 m/min feed rates were made in specimens of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.), European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.), English oak (Quercus robur L.) and common lime (Tilia europaea L.), which were oven-dried, conditioned at 20 °C/65% RH and 20 °C/95% RH and vacuum-impregnated with water. The feed rate (feed rate per major cutting edge or uncut chip thickness) had a significant impact on the prediction of density and modulus of elasticity through drilling resistance measurements and should be considered for comparison of properties and internal conditions of wood. Because of stronger correlation between drilling resistance and tested wood properties compared to feeding resistance, drilling resistance is recommended for density and MOE prediction of sound wood. Moisture content had no significant impact on the modulus of elasticity prediction by the drilling resistance measurements, while density can be predicted by linear models for two stages of moisture content variation, below and above fibre saturation.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Biological Durability of Sapling-Wood Products Used for Gardening and Outdoor Decoration.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Brischke, C.; Emmerich, L.; Nienaber, D. G.; and Bollmus, S.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Forests, 10(12): 1152. December 2019.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{brischke_biological_2019,\n\ttitle = {Biological {Durability} of {Sapling}-{Wood} {Products} {Used} for {Gardening} and {Outdoor} {Decoration}},\n\tvolume = {10},\n\tissn = {1999-4907},\n\turl = {https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4907/10/12/1152},\n\tdoi = {10.3390/f10121152},\n\tabstract = {Sapling-wood products from different wood species such as willow (Salix spp. L.) and Common hazel (Corylus avellana L.) are frequently used for gardening and outdoor decoration purposes. Remaining bark is suggested to provide additional biological durability. Even for temporary outdoor use it seemed questionable that durability of juvenile sapwood can provide acceptably long service lives of horticultural products. Therefore, sapling-wood from seven European-grown wood species was submitted to laboratory and field durability tests. In field tests, specimens with and without bark were tested in comparison and submitted to differently severe exposure situations, i.e., in-ground contact, and above-ground situations with and without water trapping. All materials under test were classified ‘not durable’ independently from any potential protective effect of remaining bark, which contradicted their suitability for outdoor applications if multi-annual use is desired.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {12},\n\turldate = {2020-06-02},\n\tjournal = {Forests},\n\tauthor = {Brischke, Christian and Emmerich, Lukas and Nienaber, Dirk G.B. and Bollmus, Susanne},\n\tmonth = dec,\n\tyear = {2019},\n\tkeywords = {fungal decay, basidiomycetes, resistance, sapwood, juvenile wood, horticulture},\n\tpages = {1152},\n\tfile = {Brischke et al. - 2019 - Biological Durability of Sapling-Wood Products Use.pdf:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\maicher\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\B75DUAGD\\\\Brischke et al. - 2019 - Biological Durability of Sapling-Wood Products Use.pdf:application/pdf;Brischke et al. - 2019 - Biological Durability of Sapling-Wood Products Use.pdf:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\maicher\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\DSANIDGK\\\\Brischke et al. - 2019 - Biological Durability of Sapling-Wood Products Use.pdf:application/pdf;Volltext:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\maicher\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\X3QSLSLI\\\\Brischke et al. - 2019 - Biological Durability of Sapling-Wood Products Use.pdf:application/pdf;Volltext:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\maicher\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\CFB7ASKF\\\\Brischke et al. - 2019 - Biological Durability of Sapling-Wood Products Use.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n\n\n Sapling-wood products from different wood species such as willow (Salix spp. L.) and Common hazel (Corylus avellana L.) are frequently used for gardening and outdoor decoration purposes. Remaining bark is suggested to provide additional biological durability. Even for temporary outdoor use it seemed questionable that durability of juvenile sapwood can provide acceptably long service lives of horticultural products. Therefore, sapling-wood from seven European-grown wood species was submitted to laboratory and field durability tests. In field tests, specimens with and without bark were tested in comparison and submitted to differently severe exposure situations, i.e., in-ground contact, and above-ground situations with and without water trapping. All materials under test were classified ‘not durable’ independently from any potential protective effect of remaining bark, which contradicted their suitability for outdoor applications if multi-annual use is desired.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Durability and Protection of Timber Structures in Marine Environments in Europe: An Overview.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Treu, A.; Zimmer, K.; Brischke, C.; Larnøy, E.; Ross, L.; Aloui, F.; Cragg, S. M; Fl, P.; Westin, M.; Borges, L.; and Williams, J.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n BioResources, 14(4): 1–24. 2019.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n\n@article{treu_durability_2019,\n\ttitle = {Durability and {Protection} of {Timber} {Structures} in {Marine} {Environments} in {Europe}: {An} {Overview}},\n\tvolume = {14},\n\tdoi = {10.15376/biores.14.4.Treuwo},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {4},\n\tjournal = {BioResources},\n\tauthor = {Treu, Andreas and Zimmer, Katrin and Brischke, Christian and Larnøy, Erik and Ross, Lone and Aloui, Foued and Cragg, Simon M and Fl, Per-Otto and Westin, Mats and Borges, Luisa and Williams, John},\n\tyear = {2019},\n\tpages = {1--24},\n\tfile = {Treu et al. - Durability and Protection of Timber Structures in .pdf:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\maicher\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\PK6L7A7M\\\\Treu et al. - Durability and Protection of Timber Structures in .pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n The Performance of Wood Decking after Five Years of Exposure: Verification of the Combined Effect of Wetting Ability and Durability.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Humar, M.; Kržišnik, D.; Lesar, B.; and Brischke, C.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Forests, 10(10): 903. 2019.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{humar_performance_2019,\n\ttitle = {The {Performance} of {Wood} {Decking} after {Five} {Years} of {Exposure}: {Verification} of the {Combined} {Effect} of {Wetting} {Ability} and {Durability}},\n\tvolume = {10},\n\tabstract = {Wood is one of the most important construction materials, and its use in building applications has increased in recent decades. In order to enable even more extensive and reliable use of wood, we need to understand the factors affecting wood’s service life. A new concept for characterizing the durability of wood-based materials and for predicting the service life of wood has recently been proposed, based on material-inherent protective properties, moisture performance, and the climateand design-induced exposure dose of wooden structures. This approach was validated on the decking of a model house in Ljubljana that was constructed in October 2013. The decay and moisture content of decking elements were regularly monitored. In addition, the resistance dose DRd, as the product of the critical dose Dcrit, and two factors taking into account the wetting ability of wood (kwa) and its inherent durability (kinh), were determined in the laboratory. DRd correlated well with the decay rates of the decking of the model house. Furthermore, the positive effect of thermal modification and water-repellent treatments on the outdoor performance of the examined materials was evident, as well as the synergistic effects between moisture performance and inherent durability.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {10},\n\tjournal = {Forests},\n\tauthor = {Humar, Miha and Kržišnik, Davor and Lesar, Boštjan and Brischke, Christian},\n\tyear = {2019},\n\tpages = {903},\n\tfile = {Humar et al. - 2019 - The Performance of Wood Decking after Five Years o.pdf:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\maicher\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\HNU9ZE2T\\\\Humar et al. - 2019 - The Performance of Wood Decking after Five Years o.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n\n\n Wood is one of the most important construction materials, and its use in building applications has increased in recent decades. In order to enable even more extensive and reliable use of wood, we need to understand the factors affecting wood’s service life. A new concept for characterizing the durability of wood-based materials and for predicting the service life of wood has recently been proposed, based on material-inherent protective properties, moisture performance, and the climateand design-induced exposure dose of wooden structures. This approach was validated on the decking of a model house in Ljubljana that was constructed in October 2013. The decay and moisture content of decking elements were regularly monitored. In addition, the resistance dose DRd, as the product of the critical dose Dcrit, and two factors taking into account the wetting ability of wood (kwa) and its inherent durability (kinh), were determined in the laboratory. DRd correlated well with the decay rates of the decking of the model house. Furthermore, the positive effect of thermal modification and water-repellent treatments on the outdoor performance of the examined materials was evident, as well as the synergistic effects between moisture performance and inherent durability.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Dauerhaftigkeitsklassifizierung von schutzmittelbehandeltem und modifiziertem Holz.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Bollmus, S.; Bächle, L.; Militz, H.; and Brischke, C.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Holztechnologie, 60(5): 13–25. 2019.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n\n@article{bollmus_dauerhaftigkeitsklassifizierung_2019,\n\ttitle = {Dauerhaftigkeitsklassifizierung von schutzmittelbehandeltem und modifiziertem {Holz}},\n\tvolume = {60},\n\tnumber = {5},\n\tjournal = {Holztechnologie},\n\tauthor = {Bollmus, Susanne and Bächle, Lea and Militz, Holger and Brischke, Christian},\n\tyear = {2019},\n\tpages = {13--25},\n\tfile = {Bollmus et al. - 2019 - Dauerhaftigkeitsklassifizierung von schutzmittelbe.pdf:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\maicher\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\VEEY7K5T\\\\Bollmus et al. - 2019 - Dauerhaftigkeitsklassifizierung von schutzmittelbe.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Performance based specification of wood – Introducing project CLICKdesign.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Suttie, E.; Brischke, C.; Frühwald Hansson, E.; Fortino, S.; Sandak, J.; Kutnik, M.; Alfredsen, G.; Lucas, C.; and Stirling, R.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In Proceedings IRG Annual Meeting, pages 10, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada, May 2019. \n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n\n@inproceedings{suttie_performance_2019,\n\taddress = {Quebec City, Quebec, Canada},\n\ttitle = {Performance based specification of wood – {Introducing} project {CLICKdesign}},\n\tdoi = {IRG/WP 19-20661},\n\tbooktitle = {Proceedings {IRG} {Annual} {Meeting}},\n\tauthor = {Suttie, E. and Brischke, C. and Frühwald Hansson, E. and Fortino, S. and Sandak, J. and Kutnik, M. and Alfredsen, G. and Lucas, C. and Stirling, R.},\n\tmonth = may,\n\tyear = {2019},\n\tpages = {10},\n}\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Protecting Sustainable Wood Infrastructure - Improving the Performance of Poles, Piles, Ties & Timbers with Dual Treatments.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Lloyd, J.; Taylor, A.; Brischke, C.; Irby, N.; and Manning, M.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In Proceedings IRG Annual Meeting, pages 16, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada, May 2019. \n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@inproceedings{lloyd_protecting_2019,\n\taddress = {Quebec City, Quebec, Canada},\n\ttitle = {Protecting {Sustainable} {Wood} {Infrastructure} - {Improving} the {Performance} of {Poles}, {Piles}, {Ties} \\& {Timbers} with {Dual} {Treatments}},\n\tdoi = {IRG/WP 19-30735},\n\tabstract = {Wood is by far the best structural material in terms of environmental impact, as shown by a number of LCA studies. This environmental impact superiority can be improved if the longevity of the commodity is extended. The main durability concern in large cross-section treated materials is the susceptibility of the heartwood to decay, as it is not typically treatable using traditional methods. This can lead to premature failure, for example of Douglas-fir, pine and spruce poles, oak and hickory crossties (sleepers) and pine bridge ties. Traditionally these issues have been managed by high cost remedial treatments, or simply by accepting the short service life and the required product replacement costs.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tbooktitle = {Proceedings {IRG} {Annual} {Meeting}},\n\tauthor = {Lloyd, Jeff and Taylor, Adam and Brischke, Christian and Irby, Nathan and Manning, Mark},\n\tmonth = may,\n\tyear = {2019},\n\tpages = {16},\n\tfile = {Lloyd et al. - 2019 - Protecting Sustainable Wood Infrastructure - Impro.pdf:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\maicher\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\8FF5UNRW\\\\Lloyd et al. - 2019 - Protecting Sustainable Wood Infrastructure - Impro.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n\n\n Wood is by far the best structural material in terms of environmental impact, as shown by a number of LCA studies. This environmental impact superiority can be improved if the longevity of the commodity is extended. The main durability concern in large cross-section treated materials is the susceptibility of the heartwood to decay, as it is not typically treatable using traditional methods. This can lead to premature failure, for example of Douglas-fir, pine and spruce poles, oak and hickory crossties (sleepers) and pine bridge ties. Traditionally these issues have been managed by high cost remedial treatments, or simply by accepting the short service life and the required product replacement costs.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Knowledge exchange and transfer from academia to industry in the field of wood protection research – Activities of the IRG-WP Communications Committee.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Latorre, F.; Abbott, B.; Brischke, C.; Humar, M.; Jones, D.; Nunes, L.; Preston, A.; and Singh, T.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In Proceedings IRG Annual Meeting, pages 6, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada, May 2019. \n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@inproceedings{latorre_knowledge_2019,\n\taddress = {Quebec City, Quebec, Canada},\n\ttitle = {Knowledge exchange and transfer from academia to industry in the field of wood protection research – {Activities} of the {IRG}-{WP} {Communications} {Committee}},\n\tdoi = {IRG/WP 19-50354},\n\tabstract = {The International Research Group on Wood Protection (IRG) was founded in 1969 as a structured group of like-minded scientists and technologists focused on generating knowledge of the science of wood deterioration, and novel solutions to provide sustainably and environmentally responsible products for the protection of wood-based materials. The primary function of the IRG is to provide opportunities for the exchange of ideas and information in an informal atmosphere, unencumbered by refereeing of papers or other pre-conditions.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tbooktitle = {Proceedings {IRG} {Annual} {Meeting}},\n\tauthor = {Latorre, Francisca and Abbott, Bill and Brischke, Christian and Humar, Miha and Jones, Dennis and Nunes, Lina and Preston, Alan and Singh, Tripti},\n\tmonth = may,\n\tyear = {2019},\n\tpages = {6},\n\tfile = {Latorre et al. - 2019 - Knowledge exchange and transfer from academia to i.pdf:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\maicher\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\DZY4BD2L\\\\Latorre et al. - 2019 - Knowledge exchange and transfer from academia to i.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n\n\n The International Research Group on Wood Protection (IRG) was founded in 1969 as a structured group of like-minded scientists and technologists focused on generating knowledge of the science of wood deterioration, and novel solutions to provide sustainably and environmentally responsible products for the protection of wood-based materials. The primary function of the IRG is to provide opportunities for the exchange of ideas and information in an informal atmosphere, unencumbered by refereeing of papers or other pre-conditions.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Performance of wood decking after 5 years of exposure: verification of the combined effect of wetting ability and durability.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Humar, M.; Kržišnik, D.; Lesar, B.; and Brischke, C.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In Proceedings IRG Annual Meeting, pages 22, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada, May 2019. \n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@inproceedings{humar_performance_2019-1,\n\taddress = {Quebec City, Quebec, Canada},\n\ttitle = {Performance of wood decking after 5 years of exposure: verification of the combined effect of wetting ability and durability},\n\tdoi = {IRG/WP 19-20647},\n\tabstract = {Wood is one of the most important construction materials and its use in building applications has further expanded in recent decades. In order to enable even more extensive and reliable use of wood, factors affecting wood’s service life need to be understood. More recently, a new concept to characterize the durability of wood-based materials and to predict the service lives of wood was proposed, based on the material-inherent protective properties, the moisture performance, and the climate and design induced exposure dose of wooden structures. This approach was validated on the decking of a model house in Ljubljana that was constructed in October 2013. Decay and moisture content of decking elements was regularly monitored. In addition, the resistance dose DRd, as the product of the critical dose Dcrit and two factors taking into account the wetting ability of wood (kwa) and its inherent durability (kinh) was determined in the laboratory. DRd was well correlated with the decay rates of the decking of the model house. Furthermore, the positive effect of thermal modification and water repellent treatments on the outdoor performance of the examined materials became evident as well as synergistic effects between moisture performance and inherent durability.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tbooktitle = {Proceedings {IRG} {Annual} {Meeting}},\n\tauthor = {Humar, Miha and Kržišnik, Davor and Lesar, Boštjan and Brischke, Christian},\n\tmonth = may,\n\tyear = {2019},\n\tpages = {22},\n\tfile = {Humar et al. - 2019 - Performance of wood decking after 5 years of expos.pdf:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\maicher\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\B68FJDD6\\\\Humar et al. - 2019 - Performance of wood decking after 5 years of expos.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n\n\n Wood is one of the most important construction materials and its use in building applications has further expanded in recent decades. In order to enable even more extensive and reliable use of wood, factors affecting wood’s service life need to be understood. More recently, a new concept to characterize the durability of wood-based materials and to predict the service lives of wood was proposed, based on the material-inherent protective properties, the moisture performance, and the climate and design induced exposure dose of wooden structures. This approach was validated on the decking of a model house in Ljubljana that was constructed in October 2013. Decay and moisture content of decking elements was regularly monitored. In addition, the resistance dose DRd, as the product of the critical dose Dcrit and two factors taking into account the wetting ability of wood (kwa) and its inherent durability (kinh) was determined in the laboratory. DRd was well correlated with the decay rates of the decking of the model house. Furthermore, the positive effect of thermal modification and water repellent treatments on the outdoor performance of the examined materials became evident as well as synergistic effects between moisture performance and inherent durability.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Study on the ability of wood-destroying fungi to grow through chemically modified wood.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Emmerich, L.; Strohbusch, S.; Brischke, C.; Bollmus, S.; and Militz, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In Proceedings IRG Annual Meeting, pages 18, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada, May 2019. \n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@inproceedings{emmerich_study_2019,\n\taddress = {Quebec City, Quebec, Canada},\n\ttitle = {Study on the ability of wood-destroying fungi to grow through chemically modified wood},\n\tdoi = {IRG/WP 19-40858},\n\tabstract = {Over the last decades, chemical wood modification technologies were developed to increase the resistance against attack by wood-destroying organisms without using biocides. Most of those technologies are based on an impregnation step initially. In most treated wood products, mainly by using solid wood in thicker dimensions as in posts, poles, sleepers, deckings etc. it is known that wood impregnation fluids are not distributed throughout the whole wood cross diameter, but just form a protected zone (‘shell-treatment’) of some millimetres or centimetres. The depth of the protected zone depends on wood species and treatment process. While ‘shell-treatments’ might be adequate to achieve a sufficient protection against fungal decay by treatment with biocides, the effect on how wood treated by chemical wood modification systems performs with regard to the resistance against wood-destroying organisms, is not yet known.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tbooktitle = {Proceedings {IRG} {Annual} {Meeting}},\n\tauthor = {Emmerich, Lukas and Strohbusch, Sarah and Brischke, Christian and Bollmus, Susanne and Militz, Holger},\n\tmonth = may,\n\tyear = {2019},\n\tpages = {18},\n}\n\n\n\n Over the last decades, chemical wood modification technologies were developed to increase the resistance against attack by wood-destroying organisms without using biocides. Most of those technologies are based on an impregnation step initially. In most treated wood products, mainly by using solid wood in thicker dimensions as in posts, poles, sleepers, deckings etc. it is known that wood impregnation fluids are not distributed throughout the whole wood cross diameter, but just form a protected zone (‘shell-treatment’) of some millimetres or centimetres. The depth of the protected zone depends on wood species and treatment process. While ‘shell-treatments’ might be adequate to achieve a sufficient protection against fungal decay by treatment with biocides, the effect on how wood treated by chemical wood modification systems performs with regard to the resistance against wood-destroying organisms, is not yet known.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Quantifying the effect of microclimatic parameters on the moisture-induced decay risk of wooden structures.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Emmerich, L.; and Brischke, C.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In Proceedings IRG Annual Meeting, pages 16, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada, May 2019. \n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@inproceedings{emmerich_quantifying_2019,\n\taddress = {Quebec City, Quebec, Canada},\n\ttitle = {Quantifying the effect of microclimatic parameters on the moisture-induced decay risk of wooden structures},\n\tdoi = {IRG/WP 19-20649},\n\tabstract = {Wood exposed outdoors is prone to fungal degradation. Besides its material-inherent resistance, numerous factors are impacting on its service life with both, climate and design having a major effect. In addition, topography, shading, wind barriers, and other local parameters have an effect on the microclimatic conditions at site and therefore need to be quantified for service life prediction of wooden structures. Within this study we monitored differently severe exposed wooden components, which were implemented in hunting towers serving as test objects on a small but topographically divergent area.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tbooktitle = {Proceedings {IRG} {Annual} {Meeting}},\n\tauthor = {Emmerich, Lukas and Brischke, Christian},\n\tmonth = may,\n\tyear = {2019},\n\tpages = {16},\n}\n\n\n\n Wood exposed outdoors is prone to fungal degradation. Besides its material-inherent resistance, numerous factors are impacting on its service life with both, climate and design having a major effect. In addition, topography, shading, wind barriers, and other local parameters have an effect on the microclimatic conditions at site and therefore need to be quantified for service life prediction of wooden structures. Within this study we monitored differently severe exposed wooden components, which were implemented in hunting towers serving as test objects on a small but topographically divergent area.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Impact of water holding capacity and moisture content of soil substrates on the moisture content of wood in terrestrial microcosms.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Brischke, C.; and Wegener, F. L\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In Proceedings IRG Annual Meeting, pages 18, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada, May 2019. \n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@inproceedings{brischke_impact_2019,\n\taddress = {Quebec City, Quebec, Canada},\n\ttitle = {Impact of water holding capacity and moisture content of soil substrates on the moisture content of wood in terrestrial microcosms},\n\tdoi = {IRG/WP 19-20662},\n\tabstract = {Terrestrial microcosms (TMC) are frequently used for testing the durability of wood and woodbased materials as well as the protective effectiveness of wood preservatives. In contrary to experiments in soil ecology sciences, the experimental set-up is usually rather simple. However, for service life prediction of wood exposed in ground, it is of immanent interest to better understand the different parameters defining the boundary conditions in TMC. This study focussed therefore on the soil-wood-moisture interactions and their potential effect on durability testing in TMC.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tbooktitle = {Proceedings {IRG} {Annual} {Meeting}},\n\tauthor = {Brischke, Christian and Wegener, Friedrich L},\n\tmonth = may,\n\tyear = {2019},\n\tpages = {18},\n\tfile = {Brischke und Wegener - 2019 - Impact of water holding capacity and moisture cont.pdf:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\maicher\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\DY27MJD9\\\\Brischke und Wegener - 2019 - Impact of water holding capacity and moisture cont.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n\n\n Terrestrial microcosms (TMC) are frequently used for testing the durability of wood and woodbased materials as well as the protective effectiveness of wood preservatives. In contrary to experiments in soil ecology sciences, the experimental set-up is usually rather simple. However, for service life prediction of wood exposed in ground, it is of immanent interest to better understand the different parameters defining the boundary conditions in TMC. This study focussed therefore on the soil-wood-moisture interactions and their potential effect on durability testing in TMC.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Service life planning of wooden structures: Mathematical prediction models versus professional experience.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Brischke, C.; Niklewski, J.; Humar, M.; and Alfredsen, G.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In Proceedings IRG Annual Meeting, pages 21, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada, May 2019. \n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@inproceedings{brischke_service_2019,\n\taddress = {Quebec City, Quebec, Canada},\n\ttitle = {Service life planning of wooden structures: {Mathematical} prediction models versus professional experience},\n\tdoi = {IRG/WP 19-20663},\n\tabstract = {During the last 15 years, enormous efforts have been made in developing models for predicting the service life of wooden structures and components. Currently, a framework of how exposure, dimension, design details and the material-intrinsic and the ability to take up and release water can be linked to model the moisture risk in wood products is in principle available.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tbooktitle = {Proceedings {IRG} {Annual} {Meeting}},\n\tauthor = {Brischke, Christian and Niklewski, Jonas and Humar, Miha and Alfredsen, Gry},\n\tmonth = may,\n\tyear = {2019},\n\tpages = {21},\n\tfile = {Brischke et al. - 2019 - Service life planning of wooden structures Mathem.pdf:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\maicher\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\7K5TBVVU\\\\Brischke et al. - 2019 - Service life planning of wooden structures Mathem.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n\n\n During the last 15 years, enormous efforts have been made in developing models for predicting the service life of wooden structures and components. Currently, a framework of how exposure, dimension, design details and the material-intrinsic and the ability to take up and release water can be linked to model the moisture risk in wood products is in principle available.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Durability classification of preservative treated and modified wood.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Bollmus, S.; Bächle, L.; Brischke, C.; and Militz, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In Proceedings IRG Annual Meeting, pages 17, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada, May 2019. \n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n\n@inproceedings{bollmus_durability_2019,\n\taddress = {Quebec City, Quebec, Canada},\n\ttitle = {Durability classification of preservative treated and modified wood},\n\tdoi = {IRG/WP/19-20659},\n\tlanguage = {eng},\n\tbooktitle = {Proceedings {IRG} {Annual} {Meeting}},\n\tauthor = {Bollmus, Susanne and Bächle, Lena and Brischke, Christian and Militz, Holger},\n\tmonth = may,\n\tyear = {2019},\n\tpages = {17},\n\tfile = {Bollmus et al. - 2019 - Durability classification of preservative treated .pdf:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\maicher\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\PMS488YL\\\\Bollmus et al. - 2019 - Durability classification of preservative treated .pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Impact of drill bit feed rate and rotational frequency on the evaluation of wood properties by drilling resistance measurements.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Sharapov, E.; Brischke, C.; Militz, H.; and Toropov, A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n International Wood Products Journal, 0(0): 1–11. November 2019.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \nPaper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{sharapov_impact_2019,\n\ttitle = {Impact of drill bit feed rate and rotational frequency on the evaluation of wood properties by drilling resistance measurements},\n\tvolume = {0},\n\tissn = {2042-6445},\n\turl = {https://doi.org/10.1080/20426445.2019.1688455},\n\tdoi = {10.1080/20426445.2019.1688455},\n\tabstract = {IML-Resi PD-400 drilling tools (IML System GmbH, Wiesloch, Germany) were used to study the influence of the feed rate and the rotational frequency of the drill bit on the drilling resistance (DR) measurements. The study presents theoretical aspects concerning chip formation, kinematics (speeds, cutting angles, chip thickness) and cutting forces distribution during the drilling process. Drill bit rotational frequency and feed rate have an impact on nominal chip thickness or a feed rate per major cutting edge of the drill bit, and were correlated to DR measurements. Varied rotational frequency and feed rate had a significant impact on DR and feeding resistance (FR). Positive correlations between feed rate per major cutting edge and DR (FR) for the individually tested wood species can be described by allometric functions (R2 = 0.93–0.99). Wood density had a partial impact on correlations between feed rate per major cutting edge and DR (FR).},\n\tnumber = {0},\n\turldate = {2019-12-13},\n\tjournal = {International Wood Products Journal},\n\tauthor = {Sharapov, Evgenii and Brischke, Christian and Militz, Holger and Toropov, Aleksandr},\n\tmonth = nov,\n\tyear = {2019},\n\tkeywords = {cutting force, drill bit, Drilling resistance measurements, feed rate, non-destructive testing of wood, rotational frequency, wood cutting, wood properties},\n\tpages = {1--11},\n\tfile = {Sharapov et al. - 2019 - Impact of drill bit feed rate and rotational frequ.pdf:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\maicher\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\BP2LABLD\\\\Sharapov et al. - 2019 - Impact of drill bit feed rate and rotational frequ.pdf:application/pdf;Snapshot:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\maicher\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\XAI89DUL\\\\20426445.2019.html:text/html},\n}\n\n\n\n IML-Resi PD-400 drilling tools (IML System GmbH, Wiesloch, Germany) were used to study the influence of the feed rate and the rotational frequency of the drill bit on the drilling resistance (DR) measurements. The study presents theoretical aspects concerning chip formation, kinematics (speeds, cutting angles, chip thickness) and cutting forces distribution during the drilling process. Drill bit rotational frequency and feed rate have an impact on nominal chip thickness or a feed rate per major cutting edge of the drill bit, and were correlated to DR measurements. Varied rotational frequency and feed rate had a significant impact on DR and feeding resistance (FR). Positive correlations between feed rate per major cutting edge and DR (FR) for the individually tested wood species can be described by allometric functions (R2 = 0.93–0.99). Wood density had a partial impact on correlations between feed rate per major cutting edge and DR (FR).\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Physico-mechanical properties of thermally modified Eucalyptus nitens wood for decking applications.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Wentzel, M.; González-Prieto, Ó.; Brischke, C.; and Militz, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Drvna industrija, 70(3): 235–245. September 2019.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \nPaper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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Paper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n@article{wentzel_physico-mechanical_2019,\n\ttitle = {Physico-mechanical properties of thermally modified \\textit{{Eucalyptus} nitens} wood for decking applications},\n\tvolume = {70},\n\tissn = {18471153, 00126772},\n\turl = {https://hrcak.srce.hr/225629},\n\tdoi = {10.5552/drvind.2019.1838},\n\tabstract = {Eucalyptus nitens is a fast growing plantation species that has a good acclimation in Spain and Chile. At the moment it is mainly used for pulp and paper production, but there is a growing market for solid wood products made from this species. Thermal modification offers a good alternative to produce high quality material to manufacture products with high added value. This study used unmodified and thermally modified E. nitens wood from Spanish and Chilean plantations to elaborate external decking and examine if it complies with the necessary properties to be a competitive product. A process similar to ThermoWood® was applied at the following temperatures: 185 °C, 200 °C and 215 °C. For each modification and for an unmodified specimen mass loss, volumetric swelling, anti-swelling efficiency (ASE) and equilibrium moisture content (EMC) were determined. Brinell hardness, dynamic hardness, screw and nail withdrawal resistance, and abrasion resistance according to the Shaker method and the Taber Abraser method were also determined. According to this study, thermally modified E. nitens from both countries showed high potential to be used as decking material, particularly when modified at 200 °C.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {3},\n\turldate = {2019-12-13},\n\tjournal = {Drvna industrija},\n\tauthor = {Wentzel, Maximilian and González-Prieto, Óscar and Brischke, Christian and Militz, Holger},\n\tmonth = sep,\n\tyear = {2019},\n\tpages = {235--245},\n\tfile = {Wentzel et al. - 2019 - Physico-mechanical properties of thermally modifie.pdf:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\maicher\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\IM6U4MRU\\\\Wentzel et al. - 2019 - Physico-mechanical properties of thermally modifie.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n\n\n Eucalyptus nitens is a fast growing plantation species that has a good acclimation in Spain and Chile. At the moment it is mainly used for pulp and paper production, but there is a growing market for solid wood products made from this species. Thermal modification offers a good alternative to produce high quality material to manufacture products with high added value. This study used unmodified and thermally modified E. nitens wood from Spanish and Chilean plantations to elaborate external decking and examine if it complies with the necessary properties to be a competitive product. A process similar to ThermoWood® was applied at the following temperatures: 185 °C, 200 °C and 215 °C. For each modification and for an unmodified specimen mass loss, volumetric swelling, anti-swelling efficiency (ASE) and equilibrium moisture content (EMC) were determined. Brinell hardness, dynamic hardness, screw and nail withdrawal resistance, and abrasion resistance according to the Shaker method and the Taber Abraser method were also determined. According to this study, thermally modified E. nitens from both countries showed high potential to be used as decking material, particularly when modified at 200 °C.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Dynamic and static mechanical properties of Eucalyptus nitens thermally modified in an open and closed reactor system.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Wentzel, M.; Brischke, C.; and Militz, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Maderas. Ciencia y tecnología, (ahead): 0–0. 2019.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{wentzel_dynamic_2019,\n\ttitle = {Dynamic and static mechanical properties of {Eucalyptus} nitens thermally modified in an open and closed reactor system},\n\tissn = {0718-221X},\n\turl = {http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0718-221X2019005000201&lng=en&nrm=iso&tlng=en},\n\tdoi = {10.4067/S0718-221X2019005000201},\n\tabstract = {Eucalyptus nitens is a fast growing plantation species that has a good acclimation in Chile. It is commonly used for pulp and paper, but there is a growing market for solid wood products made from this species and an interest on producing high quality material. Thermal modification technology have been used to obtain high quality product out of fast growing plantation species. In this study we modified Eucalyptus nitens to analyse the influences of the process conditions and evaluated its mechanical properties under several process conditions. The material was modified in a closed system under elevated pressure and controlled relative humidity (30 and 100\\% relative humidity) at temperatures between 150 and 170°C, and in an open system with a standard thermal modification procedure between 160 and 230°C. Modulus of elasticity, modulus of rupture, deflection and work in bending (in elastic and inelastic proportions) and the resistance to impact milling in high energy multiple impact tests were determined. Mass loss after each modification was also measured and correlated with the mechanical properties. Anatomical properties of selected modifications were analysed. There were no significant differences between open and closed system modifications in both mechanical and anatomical properties},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {ahead},\n\turldate = {2019-12-13},\n\tjournal = {Maderas. Ciencia y tecnología},\n\tauthor = {Wentzel, Maximilian and Brischke, Christian and Militz, Holger},\n\tyear = {2019},\n\tpages = {0--0},\n\tfile = {Full Text PDF:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\maicher\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\DZCLYALW\\\\Wentzel et al. - 2019 - Dynamic and static mechanical properties of Eucaly.pdf:application/pdf;Snapshot:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\maicher\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\DHRPNES2\\\\scielo.html:text/html;Wentzel et al. - 2019 - Dynamic and static mechanical properties of Eucaly.pdf:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\maicher\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\L9WQUXE8\\\\Wentzel et al. - 2019 - Dynamic and static mechanical properties of Eucaly.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n\n\n Eucalyptus nitens is a fast growing plantation species that has a good acclimation in Chile. It is commonly used for pulp and paper, but there is a growing market for solid wood products made from this species and an interest on producing high quality material. Thermal modification technology have been used to obtain high quality product out of fast growing plantation species. In this study we modified Eucalyptus nitens to analyse the influences of the process conditions and evaluated its mechanical properties under several process conditions. The material was modified in a closed system under elevated pressure and controlled relative humidity (30 and 100% relative humidity) at temperatures between 150 and 170°C, and in an open system with a standard thermal modification procedure between 160 and 230°C. Modulus of elasticity, modulus of rupture, deflection and work in bending (in elastic and inelastic proportions) and the resistance to impact milling in high energy multiple impact tests were determined. Mass loss after each modification was also measured and correlated with the mechanical properties. Anatomical properties of selected modifications were analysed. There were no significant differences between open and closed system modifications in both mechanical and anatomical properties\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Resistance of Injection Molded Wood-Polypropylene Composites against Basidiomycetes According to EN 15534-1: New Insights on the Test Procedure, Structural Alterations, and Impact of Wood Source.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Krause, K. C.; Brischke, C.; Koddenberg, T.; Buschalsky, A.; Militz, H.; and Krause, A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Fibers, 7(10): 92. October 2019.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \nPaper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{krause_resistance_2019,\n\ttitle = {Resistance of {Injection} {Molded} {Wood}-{Polypropylene} {Composites} against {Basidiomycetes} {According} to {EN} 15534-1: {New} {Insights} on the {Test} {Procedure}, {Structural} {Alterations}, and {Impact} of {Wood} {Source}},\n\tvolume = {7},\n\tcopyright = {http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/},\n\tshorttitle = {Resistance of {Injection} {Molded} {Wood}-{Polypropylene} {Composites} against {Basidiomycetes} {According} to {EN} 15534-1},\n\turl = {https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6439/7/10/92},\n\tdoi = {10.3390/fib7100092},\n\tabstract = {In this study, we investigated injection molded wood-polypropylene composites based on various wood sources and their decay resistance against white rot (Trametes versicolor) and brown rot (Coniophora puteana) in a laboratory test according to EN 15534-1:2014. The manufactured composites consisted of poplar (Populus spp.), willow (Salix spp.), European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.), Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) H. Karst.), and a commercial wood source (Arbocel\\® C100), respectively. All formulations were compounded on a co-rotating twin screw extruder and subsequently injection molded to wood\\–PP specimens with a wood content of 60\\% or 70\\% by weight. It was found that the test procedure had a significant effect on the mechanical properties. Loss in mechanical properties was primarily caused by moisture and less by fungal decay. Moisture caused a loss in the modulus of rupture and modulus of elasticity of 34 to 45\\% and 29 to 73\\%, respectively. Mean mass and wood mass losses were up to a maximum of 3.7\\% and 5.3\\%, respectively. The high resistance against fungal decay was generally attributed to the encapsulation of wood by the polymer matrix caused by sample preparation, and enhanced by reduced moisture uptake during the preconditioning procedure. Notable differences with respect to the wood particle source and decay fungi were also observed. Structural characterization confirmed the decay pattern of the fungi such as void cavities close the surface and the deposition of calcium oxalates.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {10},\n\turldate = {2019-10-24},\n\tjournal = {Fibers},\n\tauthor = {Krause, Kim Christian and Brischke, Christian and Koddenberg, Tim and Buschalsky, Andreas and Militz, Holger and Krause, Andreas},\n\tmonth = oct,\n\tyear = {2019},\n\tkeywords = {durability test, WPC, mechanical properties, basidiomycetes, EN 15534-1, wood–moisture interaction, wood–polypropylene composites, x-ray micro-computed tomography},\n\tpages = {92},\n\tfile = {Krause et al. - 2019 - Resistance of Injection Molded Wood-Polypropylene .pdf:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\maicher\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\LWIUKSB8\\\\Krause et al. - 2019 - Resistance of Injection Molded Wood-Polypropylene .pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n\n\n In this study, we investigated injection molded wood-polypropylene composites based on various wood sources and their decay resistance against white rot (Trametes versicolor) and brown rot (Coniophora puteana) in a laboratory test according to EN 15534-1:2014. The manufactured composites consisted of poplar (Populus spp.), willow (Salix spp.), European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.), Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) H. Karst.), and a commercial wood source (Arbocel® C100), respectively. All formulations were compounded on a co-rotating twin screw extruder and subsequently injection molded to wood–PP specimens with a wood content of 60% or 70% by weight. It was found that the test procedure had a significant effect on the mechanical properties. Loss in mechanical properties was primarily caused by moisture and less by fungal decay. Moisture caused a loss in the modulus of rupture and modulus of elasticity of 34 to 45% and 29 to 73%, respectively. Mean mass and wood mass losses were up to a maximum of 3.7% and 5.3%, respectively. The high resistance against fungal decay was generally attributed to the encapsulation of wood by the polymer matrix caused by sample preparation, and enhanced by reduced moisture uptake during the preconditioning procedure. Notable differences with respect to the wood particle source and decay fungi were also observed. Structural characterization confirmed the decay pattern of the fungi such as void cavities close the surface and the deposition of calcium oxalates.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Prediction of wood properties by drilling resistance measurements at different speeds and directions of drilling.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Sharapov, E.; Brischke, C.; Militz, H.; Smirnova, E.; and Herbener, J.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In Proceedings: 21st International Nondestructive Testing and Evaluation of Wood Symposium, pages 706, Freiburg, Germany, September 2019. \n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n\n@inproceedings{sharapov_prediction_2019-1,\n\taddress = {Freiburg, Germany},\n\ttitle = {Prediction of wood properties by drilling resistance measurements at different speeds and directions of drilling},\n\tbooktitle = {Proceedings: 21st {International} {Nondestructive} {Testing} and {Evaluation} of {Wood} {Symposium}},\n\tauthor = {Sharapov, E. and Brischke, C. and Militz, H. and Smirnova, E. and Herbener, J.},\n\tmonth = sep,\n\tyear = {2019},\n\tpages = {706},\n\tfile = {Sharapov et al. - 2019 - Prediction of wood properties by drilling resistan.pdf:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\maicher\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\TNQXSK3I\\\\Sharapov et al. - 2019 - Prediction of wood properties by drilling resistan.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Quantitative detection of fungal decay by drilling resistance measurements in solid wood and laminated veneer lumber.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Brischke, C.; Sharapov, E.; Bicke, S.; Militz, H.; Steeg, J.; and Smirnova, E.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In 5th International Conference on Structural Health Assessment of Timber Structures, pages 495–503, Guimarães, Portugal, September 2019. \n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n\n@inproceedings{brischke_quantitative_2019,\n\taddress = {Guimarães, Portugal},\n\ttitle = {Quantitative detection of fungal decay by drilling resistance measurements in solid wood and laminated veneer lumber},\n\tbooktitle = {5th {International} {Conference} on {Structural} {Health} {Assessment} of {Timber} {Structures}},\n\tauthor = {Brischke, C. and Sharapov, E. and Bicke, S. and Militz, H. and Steeg, J. and Smirnova, E.},\n\tmonth = sep,\n\tyear = {2019},\n\tpages = {495--503},\n}\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Durability-based design with timber.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Brischke, C.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In 5th International Conference on Structural Health Assessment of Timber Structures, pages 10–19, Guimarães, Portugal, September 2019. \n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n\n@inproceedings{brischke_durability-based_2019,\n\taddress = {Guimarães, Portugal},\n\ttitle = {Durability-based design with timber},\n\tbooktitle = {5th {International} {Conference} on {Structural} {Health} {Assessment} of {Timber} {Structures}},\n\tauthor = {Brischke, C.},\n\tmonth = sep,\n\tyear = {2019},\n\tpages = {10--19},\n}\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Mapping the decay hazard of wooden structures in topographically divergent regions.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Brischke, C.; and Selter, V.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In Proceedings of the 15th Annual Meeting of the Northern European Network on Wood Science and Engineering (WSE), pages 98–100, Lund, Sweden, October 2019. \n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n\n@inproceedings{brischke_mapping_2019,\n\taddress = {Lund, Sweden},\n\ttitle = {Mapping the decay hazard of wooden structures in topographically divergent regions},\n\tbooktitle = {Proceedings of the 15th {Annual} {Meeting} of the {Northern} {European} {Network} on {Wood} {Science} and {Engineering} ({WSE})},\n\tauthor = {Brischke, C. and Selter, V.},\n\tmonth = oct,\n\tyear = {2019},\n\tpages = {98--100},\n}\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Digital transformation of biological processes and building design theory - an approach to facilitation of software design for service-life planning of timber elements.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Van Niekerk, P.; and Brischke, C.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In Proceedings of the 15th Annual Meeting of the Northern European Network on Wood Science and Engineering (WSE), pages 31–33, Lund, Sweden, October 2019. \n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n\n@inproceedings{van_niekerk_digital_2019,\n\taddress = {Lund, Sweden},\n\ttitle = {Digital transformation of biological processes and building design theory - an approach to facilitation of software design for service-life planning of timber elements},\n\tbooktitle = {Proceedings of the 15th {Annual} {Meeting} of the {Northern} {European} {Network} on {Wood} {Science} and {Engineering} ({WSE})},\n\tauthor = {Van Niekerk, P.B. and Brischke, C.},\n\tmonth = oct,\n\tyear = {2019},\n\tpages = {31--33},\n}\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Studies on the durability of European Beech wood in ground contact: understanding the effect of biotic and abiotic factors.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Marais, B.; Brischke, C.; and Peters, J.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In Proceedings of the 15th Annual Meeting of the Northern European Network on Wood Science and Engineering (WSE), pages 95–97, Lund, Sweden, October 2019. \n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n\n@inproceedings{marais_studies_2019,\n\taddress = {Lund, Sweden},\n\ttitle = {Studies on the durability of {European} {Beech} wood in ground contact: understanding the effect of biotic and abiotic factors},\n\tbooktitle = {Proceedings of the 15th {Annual} {Meeting} of the {Northern} {European} {Network} on {Wood} {Science} and {Engineering} ({WSE})},\n\tauthor = {Marais, B. and Brischke, C. and Peters, J.},\n\tmonth = oct,\n\tyear = {2019},\n\tpages = {95--97},\n}\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Modelle zur Vorhersage der Gebrauchsdauer von Holzbauteilen auf dem Prüfstand.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Brischke, C.; Niklewski, J.; Humar, M.; and Alfredsen, G.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Holztechnologie, 60(4): 12. 2019.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n\n@article{brischke_modelle_2019,\n\ttitle = {Modelle zur {Vorhersage} der {Gebrauchsdauer} von {Holzbauteilen} auf dem {Prüfstand}},\n\tvolume = {60},\n\tlanguage = {de},\n\tnumber = {4},\n\tjournal = {Holztechnologie},\n\tauthor = {Brischke, Christian and Niklewski, Jonas and Humar, Miha and Alfredsen, Gry},\n\tyear = {2019},\n\tpages = {12},\n\tfile = {Brischke et al. - 2019 - Modelle zur Vorhersage der Gebrauchsdauer von Holz.pdf:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\maicher\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\2EJ89MPA\\\\Brischke et al. - 2019 - Modelle zur Vorhersage der Gebrauchsdauer von Holz.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Impact of Water Holding Capacity and Moisture Content of Soil Substrates on the Moisture Content of Wood in Terrestrial Microcosms.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Brischke, C.; and Wegener, F. L.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Forests, 10(6): 485. June 2019.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \nPaper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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Paper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n@article{brischke_impact_2019-1,\n\ttitle = {Impact of {Water} {Holding} {Capacity} and {Moisture} {Content} of {Soil} {Substrates} on the {Moisture} {Content} of {Wood} in {Terrestrial} {Microcosms}},\n\tvolume = {10},\n\tissn = {1999-4907},\n\turl = {https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4907/10/6/485},\n\tdoi = {10.3390/f10060485},\n\tabstract = {Terrestrial microcosms (TMCs) are frequently used for testing the durability of wood and wood-based materials, as well as the protective effectiveness of wood preservatives. In contrary to experiments in soil ecology sciences, the experimental setup is usually rather simple. However, for service life prediction of wood exposed in ground, it is of imminent interest to better understand the different parameters defining the boundary conditions in TMCs. This study focused, therefore, on soil–wood–moisture interactions. Terrestrial microcosms were prepared from the same compost substrate with varying water holding capacities (WHCs) and soil moisture contents (MCsoil). Wood specimens were exposed to 48 TMCs with varying WHCs and MCsoil. The wood moisture content (MCwood) was studied as well as its distribution within the specimens. For this purpose, the compost substrate was mixed with sand and peat and its WHC was determined using two methods in comparison, i.e., the “droplet counting method” and the “cylinder sand bath method” in which the latter turned out advantageous over the other. The MCwood increased generally with rising MCsoil, but WHC was often negatively correlated with MCwood. The distance to water saturation Ssoil from which MCwood increased most intensively was found to be wood-species specific and might, therefore, require further consideration in soil-bed durability-testing and service life modelling of wood in soil contact.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {6},\n\turldate = {2019-06-07},\n\tjournal = {Forests},\n\tauthor = {Brischke, Christian and Wegener, Friedrich L.},\n\tmonth = jun,\n\tyear = {2019},\n\tpages = {485},\n\tfile = {Brischke und Wegener - 2019 - Impact of Water Holding Capacity and Moisture Cont.pdf:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\maicher\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\ISHBV7KC\\\\Brischke und Wegener - 2019 - Impact of Water Holding Capacity and Moisture Cont.pdf:application/pdf;Volltext:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\maicher\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\5KHYS788\\\\Brischke und Wegener - 2019 - Impact of Water Holding Capacity and Moisture Cont.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n\n\n Terrestrial microcosms (TMCs) are frequently used for testing the durability of wood and wood-based materials, as well as the protective effectiveness of wood preservatives. In contrary to experiments in soil ecology sciences, the experimental setup is usually rather simple. However, for service life prediction of wood exposed in ground, it is of imminent interest to better understand the different parameters defining the boundary conditions in TMCs. This study focused, therefore, on soil–wood–moisture interactions. Terrestrial microcosms were prepared from the same compost substrate with varying water holding capacities (WHCs) and soil moisture contents (MCsoil). Wood specimens were exposed to 48 TMCs with varying WHCs and MCsoil. The wood moisture content (MCwood) was studied as well as its distribution within the specimens. For this purpose, the compost substrate was mixed with sand and peat and its WHC was determined using two methods in comparison, i.e., the “droplet counting method” and the “cylinder sand bath method” in which the latter turned out advantageous over the other. The MCwood increased generally with rising MCsoil, but WHC was often negatively correlated with MCwood. The distance to water saturation Ssoil from which MCwood increased most intensively was found to be wood-species specific and might, therefore, require further consideration in soil-bed durability-testing and service life modelling of wood in soil contact.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Holzterrassen - In Zukunft mit Mindesthaltbarkeit?.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Brischke, C.; Militz, H.; and Emmerich, L.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n DEGA Galabau, 5: 41–43. 2019.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{brischke_holzterrassen_2019,\n\ttitle = {Holzterrassen - {In} {Zukunft} mit {Mindesthaltbarkeit}?},\n\tvolume = {5},\n\tabstract = {Dass die Haltbarkeit eines Holzbauwerks von der Holzart abhängig ist, ist bekannt. Dafür stehen die Dauerhaftigkeitsklassen. Die Abteilung Holzbiologie und Holzprodukte der Universität Göttingen will in Zukunft sogar Gebrauchsdauervorhersagen in Jahren machen können. Hier ist schon mal eine\nVorschau auf das Rechenmodell.},\n\tlanguage = {deutsch},\n\tjournal = {DEGA Galabau},\n\tauthor = {Brischke, Christian and Militz, Holger and Emmerich, Lukas},\n\tyear = {2019},\n\tpages = {41--43},\n\tfile = {Brischke et al. - 2019 - Holzterrassen - In Zukunft mit Mindesthaltbarkeit.PDF:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\maicher\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\8JZLPT2J\\\\Brischke et al. - 2019 - Holzterrassen - In Zukunft mit Mindesthaltbarkeit.PDF:application/pdf;DEGA-GaLaBau-PSL-Terrassen-Brischke-19-03-14_NjEyNTMzNg-1.pdf:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\maicher\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\KTYDVKCY\\\\DEGA-GaLaBau-PSL-Terrassen-Brischke-19-03-14_NjEyNTMzNg-1.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n\n\n Dass die Haltbarkeit eines Holzbauwerks von der Holzart abhängig ist, ist bekannt. Dafür stehen die Dauerhaftigkeitsklassen. Die Abteilung Holzbiologie und Holzprodukte der Universität Göttingen will in Zukunft sogar Gebrauchsdauervorhersagen in Jahren machen können. Hier ist schon mal eine Vorschau auf das Rechenmodell.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Imprägnierung von Bahnschwellen - Untersuchung einer Systemschwelle als Alternative zur Kreosotschwelle.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Strack, M.; Brischke, C.; and Militz, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In Deutsche Holzschutztagung, pages 307–327, Dresden, Germany, April 2019. \n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n\n@inproceedings{strack_impragnierung_2019,\n\taddress = {Dresden, Germany},\n\ttitle = {Imprägnierung von {Bahnschwellen} - {Untersuchung} einer {Systemschwelle} als {Alternative} zur {Kreosotschwelle}},\n\tlanguage = {deutsch},\n\tbooktitle = {Deutsche {Holzschutztagung}},\n\tauthor = {Strack, Michael and Brischke, Christian and Militz, Holger},\n\tmonth = apr,\n\tyear = {2019},\n\tpages = {307--327},\n\tfile = {Strack et al. - 2019 - Imprägnierung von Bahnschwellen - Untersuchung ein.pdf:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\maicher\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\EKJSTCYT\\\\Strack et al. - 2019 - Imprägnierung von Bahnschwellen - Untersuchung ein.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Dauerhaftigkeitsklassifizierung von schutzmittelbehandeltem und modifiziertem Holz.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Bollmus, S.; Bächle, L.; Militz, H.; and Brischke, C.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In Deutsche Holzschutztagung, pages 269–293, Dresden, Germany, April 2019. \n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n\n@inproceedings{bollmus_dauerhaftigkeitsklassifizierung_2019-1,\n\taddress = {Dresden, Germany},\n\ttitle = {Dauerhaftigkeitsklassifizierung von schutzmittelbehandeltem und modifiziertem {Holz}},\n\tlanguage = {deutsch},\n\tbooktitle = {Deutsche {Holzschutztagung}},\n\tauthor = {Bollmus, Susanne and Bächle, Lea and Militz, Holger and Brischke, Christian},\n\tmonth = apr,\n\tyear = {2019},\n\tpages = {269--293},\n\tfile = {Bollmus et al. - 2019 - Dauerhaftigkeitsklassifizierung von schutzmittelbe.PDF:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\maicher\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\DCUHYZMC\\\\Bollmus et al. - 2019 - Dauerhaftigkeitsklassifizierung von schutzmittelbe.PDF:application/pdf},\n}\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Untersuchung zum Vermögen holzzerstörender Pilze, chemisch modifiziertes Holz zu durchwachsen.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Strohbusch, S.; Brischke, C.; Bollmus, S.; Emmerich, L.; and Militz, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In Deutsche Holzschutztagung, pages 127–145, Dresden, Germany, April 2019. \n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n\n@inproceedings{strohbusch_untersuchung_2019,\n\taddress = {Dresden, Germany},\n\ttitle = {Untersuchung zum {Vermögen} holzzerstörender {Pilze}, chemisch modifiziertes {Holz} zu durchwachsen},\n\tlanguage = {deutsch},\n\tbooktitle = {Deutsche {Holzschutztagung}},\n\tauthor = {Strohbusch, Sarah and Brischke, Christian and Bollmus, Susanne and Emmerich, Lukas and Militz, Holger},\n\tmonth = apr,\n\tyear = {2019},\n\tpages = {127--145},\n\tfile = {Strohbusch et al. - 2019 - Untersuchung zum Vermögen holzzerstörender Pilze, .pdf:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\maicher\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\IVSEFR2T\\\\Strohbusch et al. - 2019 - Untersuchung zum Vermögen holzzerstörender Pilze, .pdf:application/pdf;Untersuchung zum Vermögen holzzerstörender Pilze chemisch modifiziertes Holz zu durchwachsen.pdf:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\maicher\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\B9ENX7YH\\\\Untersuchung zum Vermögen holzzerstörender Pilze chemisch modifiziertes Holz zu durchwachsen.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Modelle zur Vorhersage der Gebrauchsdauer von Holzbauteilen auf dem Prüfstand.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Brischke, C.; Niklewski, J.; Humar, M.; and Alfredsen, G.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In Deutsche Holzschutztagung, pages 75–99, Dresden, Germany, April 2019. \n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n\n@inproceedings{brischke_modelle_2019-1,\n\taddress = {Dresden, Germany},\n\ttitle = {Modelle zur {Vorhersage} der {Gebrauchsdauer} von {Holzbauteilen} auf dem {Prüfstand}},\n\tlanguage = {deutsch},\n\tbooktitle = {Deutsche {Holzschutztagung}},\n\tauthor = {Brischke, Christian and Niklewski, Jonas and Humar, Miha and Alfredsen, Gry},\n\tmonth = apr,\n\tyear = {2019},\n\tpages = {75--99},\n}\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Abrasion Resistance of Thermally and Chemically Modified Timber.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Brischke, C.; Ziegeler, N.; and Bollmus, S.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Drvna industrija, 70(1): 71–76. March 2019.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n\n@article{brischke_abrasion_2019,\n\ttitle = {Abrasion {Resistance} of {Thermally} and {Chemically} {Modified} {Timber}},\n\tvolume = {70},\n\tissn = {18471153, 00126772},\n\turl = {https://hrcak.srce.hr/218223},\n\tdoi = {10.5552/drvind.2019.1813},\n\tnumber = {1},\n\turldate = {2019-03-29},\n\tjournal = {Drvna industrija},\n\tauthor = {Brischke, Christian and Ziegeler, Neele and Bollmus, Susanne},\n\tmonth = mar,\n\tyear = {2019},\n\tpages = {71--76},\n\tfile = {Brischke et al. - 2019 - Abrasion Resistance of Thermally and Chemically Mo.pdf:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\maicher\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\ARXI3WVM\\\\Brischke et al. - 2019 - Abrasion Resistance of Thermally and Chemically Mo.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n The impact of anatomical characteristics on the structural integrity of wood.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Emmerich, L.; Wülfing, G.; and Brischke, C.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Forests, 10: 199. 2019.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n\n@article{emmerich_impact_2019,\n\ttitle = {The impact of anatomical characteristics on the structural integrity of wood},\n\tvolume = {10},\n\tdoi = {10.3390/f10020199},\n\tjournal = {Forests},\n\tauthor = {Emmerich, L. and Wülfing, G. and Brischke, C.},\n\tyear = {2019},\n\tpages = {199},\n}\n\n\n\n
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\n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Resistance of modified wood against marine borers.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Gellerich, A.; Brischke, C.; Militz, H.; and Klüppel, A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Holztechnologie, 59(4): 5–11. 2018.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{gellerich_resistance_2018,\n\ttitle = {Resistance of modified wood against marine borers},\n\tvolume = {59},\n\tabstract = {Holz und Holzprodukte, die im Meerwasser verwendet werden, sind extremen Umweltbedingungen ausgesetzt. Die meisten einheimischen Holzarten, wie zum Beispiel Kiefer oder Rotbuche, sind nicht dauerhaft gegen den Angriff von Meeresorganismen geschützt. Zum Schutz nicht dauerhafter Holzarten sind verschiedene Modifi zierungsverfahren eine Alternative. Die durchgeführten Untersuchungen konzentrieren sich auf die Modifi zierung des Holzes mit reaktiven Harzen sowie acetyliertes und silikabehandeltes Holz und wurden 2008 begonnen. Nach neunjähriger Versuchsdauer zeigte sich, dass die Acetylierung und die Modifi zierung mit reaktiven Harzen bei höheren Aufnahmemengen (weight percent gain, WPG) die Dauerhaftigkeit gegenüber Schiffsbohrmuscheln deutlich erhöht. Das so modifi zierte Holz hat somit das Potenzial für einen Einsatz im Meerwasserkontakt. Weitere Untersuchungen sind allerdings notwendig, um den Einfl uss von Prozess- und Aushärtungsparametern sowie die Verteilung der Chemikalien im Holz zu untersuchen. Um die Eignung dieser Behandlungen für Anwendungen im Meerwasserbereich, wie Buhnen, Stege und Seebrücken, zu bewerten, wird in Zukunft die Untersuchung von modifi ziertem Material in Realdimensionen erfolgen.},\n\tnumber = {4},\n\tjournal = {Holztechnologie},\n\tauthor = {Gellerich, A. and Brischke, C. and Militz, H. and Klüppel, A.},\n\tyear = {2018},\n\tpages = {5--11},\n\tfile = {Gellerich et al. - 2018 - Resistance of modified wood against marine borers.pdf:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\maicher\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\ZKJEK76C\\\\Gellerich et al. - 2018 - Resistance of modified wood against marine borers.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n\n\n Holz und Holzprodukte, die im Meerwasser verwendet werden, sind extremen Umweltbedingungen ausgesetzt. Die meisten einheimischen Holzarten, wie zum Beispiel Kiefer oder Rotbuche, sind nicht dauerhaft gegen den Angriff von Meeresorganismen geschützt. Zum Schutz nicht dauerhafter Holzarten sind verschiedene Modifi zierungsverfahren eine Alternative. Die durchgeführten Untersuchungen konzentrieren sich auf die Modifi zierung des Holzes mit reaktiven Harzen sowie acetyliertes und silikabehandeltes Holz und wurden 2008 begonnen. Nach neunjähriger Versuchsdauer zeigte sich, dass die Acetylierung und die Modifi zierung mit reaktiven Harzen bei höheren Aufnahmemengen (weight percent gain, WPG) die Dauerhaftigkeit gegenüber Schiffsbohrmuscheln deutlich erhöht. Das so modifi zierte Holz hat somit das Potenzial für einen Einsatz im Meerwasserkontakt. Weitere Untersuchungen sind allerdings notwendig, um den Einfl uss von Prozess- und Aushärtungsparametern sowie die Verteilung der Chemikalien im Holz zu untersuchen. Um die Eignung dieser Behandlungen für Anwendungen im Meerwasserbereich, wie Buhnen, Stege und Seebrücken, zu bewerten, wird in Zukunft die Untersuchung von modifi ziertem Material in Realdimensionen erfolgen.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Dual borate and copper naphthenate treatment of bridge timbers – potential cost savings by various performance enhancements.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Lloyd, J. D.; Brischke, C.; Bennett, R.; and Taylor, A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Wood Material Science & Engineering, 13(3): 122–128. May 2018.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n\n@article{lloyd_dual_2018,\n\ttitle = {Dual borate and copper naphthenate treatment of bridge timbers – potential cost savings by various performance enhancements},\n\tvolume = {13},\n\tissn = {1748-0272, 1748-0280},\n\turl = {https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/17480272.2017.1383512},\n\tdoi = {10.1080/17480272.2017.1383512},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {3},\n\turldate = {2018-07-09},\n\tjournal = {Wood Material Science \\& Engineering},\n\tauthor = {Lloyd, Jeff D. and Brischke, Christian and Bennett, Richard and Taylor, Adam},\n\tmonth = may,\n\tyear = {2018},\n\tpages = {122--128},\n}\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Physical, mechanical and biological properties of thermo-mechanically densified and thermally modified timber using the Vacu3-process.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Wehsener, J.; Brischke, C.; Meyer-Veltrup, L.; Hartig, J.; and Haller, P.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n European Journal of Wood and Wood Products, 76(3): 809–821. May 2018.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n\n@article{wehsener_physical_2018,\n\ttitle = {Physical, mechanical and biological properties of thermo-mechanically densified and thermally modified timber using the {Vacu3}-process},\n\tvolume = {76},\n\tissn = {0018-3768, 1436-736X},\n\turl = {http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s00107-017-1278-4},\n\tdoi = {10.1007/s00107-017-1278-4},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {3},\n\turldate = {2018-06-13},\n\tjournal = {European Journal of Wood and Wood Products},\n\tauthor = {Wehsener, Jörg and Brischke, Christian and Meyer-Veltrup, Linda and Hartig, Jens and Haller, Peer},\n\tmonth = may,\n\tyear = {2018},\n\tpages = {809--821},\n\tfile = {Wehsener et al. - 2018 - Physical, mechanical and biological properties of .pdf:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\maicher\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\KKZ54BPU\\\\Wehsener et al. - 2018 - Physical, mechanical and biological properties of .pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Design and performance prediction of timber bridges based on a factorization approach.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Meyer-Veltrup, L.; Brischke, C.; Niklewski, J.; and Frühwald Hansson, E.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Wood Material Science & Engineering, 13(3): 167–173. May 2018.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n\n@article{meyer-veltrup_design_2018,\n\ttitle = {Design and performance prediction of timber bridges based on a factorization approach},\n\tvolume = {13},\n\tissn = {1748-0272, 1748-0280},\n\turl = {https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/17480272.2018.1424729},\n\tdoi = {10.1080/17480272.2018.1424729},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {3},\n\turldate = {2018-06-13},\n\tjournal = {Wood Material Science \\& Engineering},\n\tauthor = {Meyer-Veltrup, Linda and Brischke, Christian and Niklewski, Jonas and Frühwald Hansson, Eva},\n\tmonth = may,\n\tyear = {2018},\n\tpages = {167--173},\n}\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Wie lange halten Holzkonstruktionen im Außenbereich? Wechselspiel zwischen Materialresistenz und äußeren Einflussfaktoren - Instrumentarium verfügbar für Gebrauchsdauervorhersage.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Brischke, C.; Emmerich, L.; Frühwald Hansson, E.; Meyer-Veltrup, L.; and Niklewski, J.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Holz-Zentralblatt, 22: 522–523. 2018.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n\n@article{brischke_wie_2018,\n\ttitle = {Wie lange halten {Holzkonstruktionen} im {Außenbereich}? {Wechselspiel} zwischen {Materialresistenz} und äußeren {Einflussfaktoren} - {Instrumentarium} verfügbar für {Gebrauchsdauervorhersage}},\n\tvolume = {22},\n\tlanguage = {de},\n\tjournal = {Holz-Zentralblatt},\n\tauthor = {Brischke, C. and Emmerich, L. and Frühwald Hansson, E. and Meyer-Veltrup, L. and Niklewski, J.},\n\tyear = {2018},\n\tkeywords = {Außenbereich, Dauerhaftigkeit, Holz, Holzkonstruktionen, Normung, Pilzabbau},\n\tpages = {522--523},\n}\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Long-term performance of DMDHEU-treated wood exposed in ground, above ground and in the marine environment.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Emmerich, L.; Militz, H; and Brischke, C.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In pages 1–30, Johannesburg, South Africa, 2018. \n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n\n@inproceedings{emmerich_long-term_2018,\n\taddress = {Johannesburg, South Africa},\n\ttitle = {Long-term performance of {DMDHEU}-treated wood exposed in ground, above ground and in the marine environment},\n\tdoi = {IRG/WP 18-40825},\n\tauthor = {Emmerich, L. and Militz, H and Brischke, C.},\n\tyear = {2018},\n\tpages = {1--30},\n}\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Dynamic and static mechanical properties of Eucalyptus nitens thermally modified in an open and closed reactor system.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Wentzel, M.; Brischke, C.; and Militz, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In Proceedings of 9th European Conference on Wood Modification, pages 1–8, Arnhem, Netherlands, 2018. \n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n\n@inproceedings{wentzel_dynamic_2018,\n\taddress = {Arnhem, Netherlands},\n\ttitle = {Dynamic and static mechanical properties of {Eucalyptus} nitens thermally modified in an open and closed reactor system},\n\tbooktitle = {Proceedings of 9th {European} {Conference} on {Wood} {Modification}},\n\tauthor = {Wentzel, M. and Brischke, C. and Militz, H.},\n\tyear = {2018},\n\tpages = {1--8},\n\tfile = {Wentzel et al. - 2018 - Dynamic and static mechanical properties of Eucaly.pdf:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\maicher\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\AR2BMX5J\\\\Wentzel et al. - 2018 - Dynamic and static mechanical properties of Eucaly.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Performance of chemically modified wood under marine conditions during nine years of exposure.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Brischke, C.; Gellerich, A.; Klüppel, A.; and Militz, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In Proceedings of 9th European Conference on Wood Modification, pages 1–8, Arnhem, Netherlands, 2018. \n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n\n@inproceedings{brischke_performance_2018,\n\taddress = {Arnhem, Netherlands},\n\ttitle = {Performance of chemically modified wood under marine conditions during nine years of exposure},\n\tbooktitle = {Proceedings of 9th {European} {Conference} on {Wood} {Modification}},\n\tauthor = {Brischke, C. and Gellerich, A. and Klüppel, A. and Militz, H.},\n\tyear = {2018},\n\tpages = {1--8},\n\tfile = {Christian et al. - 2018 - Performance of chemically modified wood under mari.pdf:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\maicher\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\3K7TJALN\\\\Christian et al. - 2018 - Performance of chemically modified wood under mari.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Moisture behavior of weathered wood surfaces during cyclic wetting: measurements and modeling.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Niklewski, J.; Brischke, C.; Frühwald Hansson, E.; and Meyer-Veltrup, L.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Wood Science and Technology. September 2018.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n\n@article{niklewski_moisture_2018,\n\ttitle = {Moisture behavior of weathered wood surfaces during cyclic wetting: measurements and modeling},\n\tissn = {0043-7719, 1432-5225},\n\tshorttitle = {Moisture behavior of weathered wood surfaces during cyclic wetting},\n\turl = {http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s00226-018-1044-8},\n\tdoi = {10.1007/s00226-018-1044-8},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\turldate = {2018-09-06},\n\tjournal = {Wood Science and Technology},\n\tauthor = {Niklewski, J. and Brischke, C. and Frühwald Hansson, E. and Meyer-Veltrup, L.},\n\tmonth = sep,\n\tyear = {2018},\n\tfile = {Niklewski et al. - 2018 - Moisture behavior of weathered wood surfaces durin.pdf:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\maicher\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\DIP9RA2C\\\\Niklewski et al. - 2018 - Moisture behavior of weathered wood surfaces durin.pdf:application/pdf;Niklewski et al. - 2018 - Moisture behavior of weathered wood surfaces durin.pdf:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\maicher\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\KEJRW9UJ\\\\Niklewski et al. - 2018 - Moisture behavior of weathered wood surfaces durin.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Changes in sorption and electrical properties of wood caused by fungal decay.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Brischke, C.; Stricker, S.; Meyer-Veltrup, L.; and Emmerich, L.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Holzforschung,1–11. December 2018.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n\n@article{brischke_changes_2018,\n\ttitle = {Changes in sorption and electrical properties of wood caused by fungal decay},\n\tissn = {1437-434X, 0018-3830},\n\turl = {http://www.degruyter.com/view/j/hfsg.ahead-of-print/hf-2018-0171/hf-2018-0171.xml},\n\tdoi = {10.1515/hf-2018-0171},\n\turldate = {2019-01-10},\n\tjournal = {Holzforschung},\n\tauthor = {Brischke, Christian and Stricker, Simon and Meyer-Veltrup, Linda and Emmerich, Lukas},\n\tmonth = dec,\n\tyear = {2018},\n\tpages = {1--11},\n\tfile = {Brischke et al. - 2018 - Changes in sorption and electrical properties of w.pdf:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\maicher\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\T9DJJSAS\\\\Brischke et al. - 2018 - Changes in sorption and electrical properties of w.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Combined effect of wood moisture content, drill bit rotational speed and feed rate on drilling resistance measurements in Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.).\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Sharapov, E.; Brischke, C.; Militz, H.; and Smirnova, E.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Wood Material Science & Engineering,1–8. 2018.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n\n@article{sharapov_combined_2018,\n\ttitle = {Combined effect of wood moisture content, drill bit rotational speed and feed rate on drilling resistance measurements in {Norway} spruce ({Picea} abies ({L}.) {Karst}.)},\n\tdoi = {https://doi.org/10.1080/17480272.2018.1557249},\n\tjournal = {Wood Material Science \\& Engineering},\n\tauthor = {Sharapov, E. and Brischke, C. and Militz, H. and Smirnova, E.},\n\tyear = {2018},\n\tpages = {1--8},\n\tfile = {Sharapov et al. - 2018 - Combined effect of wood moisture content, drill bi.pdf:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\maicher\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\4ERKV7JN\\\\Sharapov et al. - 2018 - Combined effect of wood moisture content, drill bi.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Effects of white rot and brown rot decay on the drilling resistance measurements in wood.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Sharapov, E.; Brischke, C.; Militz, H.; and Smirnova, E.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Holzforschung, 72(10): 905–913. October 2018.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n\n@article{sharapov_effects_2018,\n\ttitle = {Effects of white rot and brown rot decay on the drilling resistance measurements in wood},\n\tvolume = {72},\n\tissn = {1437-434X, 0018-3830},\n\turl = {http://www.degruyter.com/view/j/hfsg.2018.72.issue-10/hf-2017-0204/hf-2017-0204.xml},\n\tdoi = {10.1515/hf-2017-0204},\n\tnumber = {10},\n\turldate = {2018-11-16},\n\tjournal = {Holzforschung},\n\tauthor = {Sharapov, E. and Brischke, C. and Militz, H. and Smirnova, E.},\n\tmonth = oct,\n\tyear = {2018},\n\tpages = {905--913},\n\tfile = {Sharapov et al. - 2018 - Effects of white rot and brown rot decay on the dr.pdf:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\maicher\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\HGZ3YNR4\\\\Sharapov et al. - 2018 - Effects of white rot and brown rot decay on the dr.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n How fungal decay affects electrical wood moisture content measurements.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Brischke, C.; Stricker, S.; Emmerich, L.; and Meyer-Veltrup, L.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In Kallakas, H., editor(s), Proceedings of the 14th annual meeting of the Northern European Network for Wood Science and Engineering (WSE2018), pages 10–12, Tallinn, Estonia, October 2018. \n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n\n@inproceedings{brischke_how_2018,\n\taddress = {Tallinn, Estonia},\n\ttitle = {How fungal decay affects electrical wood moisture content measurements},\n\tbooktitle = {Proceedings of the 14th annual meeting of the {Northern} {European} {Network} for {Wood} {Science} and {Engineering} ({WSE2018})},\n\tauthor = {Brischke, C. and Stricker, S. and Emmerich, L. and Meyer-Veltrup, L.},\n\teditor = {Kallakas, H.},\n\tmonth = oct,\n\tyear = {2018},\n\tpages = {10--12},\n\tfile = {Bicke et al. - 2018 - Resistance of PF-treated LVL from European beech (.pdf:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\maicher\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\VECAHGLQ\\\\Bicke et al. - 2018 - Resistance of PF-treated LVL from European beech (.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Design life for wood and wood-based products.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Jones, D; and Brischke, C.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n TRADA, High Wycombe, UK, 2018.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n\n@book{jones_design_2018,\n\taddress = {High Wycombe, UK},\n\ttitle = {Design life for wood and wood-based products},\n\tpublisher = {TRADA},\n\tauthor = {Jones, D and Brischke, C.},\n\tyear = {2018},\n}\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Thermally modified Eucalyptus nitens as material for decking.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Wentzel, M.; Brischke, C.; and Militz, H\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In Proceedings of the 10th European TMT Workshop, pages 7–14, Dresden, Germany, 2018. \n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n\n@inproceedings{wentzel_thermally_2018,\n\taddress = {Dresden, Germany},\n\ttitle = {Thermally modified {Eucalyptus} nitens as material for decking},\n\tbooktitle = {Proceedings of the 10th {European} {TMT} {Workshop}},\n\tauthor = {Wentzel, M. and Brischke, C. and Militz, H},\n\tyear = {2018},\n\tpages = {7--14},\n}\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Monitoring of a Cold Roof Thatched with Reed (Phragmites australis) Using Wooden Substitute Sensors for Moisture Content Measurements.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Brischke, C.; Bornemann, T.; and Rapp, A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Restoration of Buildings and Monuments, 22(4-6). 2018.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n\n@article{brischke_monitoring_2018,\n\ttitle = {Monitoring of a {Cold} {Roof} {Thatched} with {Reed} ({Phragmites} australis) {Using} {Wooden} {Substitute} {Sensors} for {Moisture} {Content} {Measurements}},\n\tvolume = {22},\n\tissn = {1864-7251, 1864-7022},\n\turl = {http://www.degruyter.com/view/j/rbm.ahead-of-print/rbm-2016-0004/rbm-2016-0004.xml},\n\tdoi = {10.1515/rbm-2016-0004},\n\tnumber = {4-6},\n\turldate = {2017-07-31},\n\tjournal = {Restoration of Buildings and Monuments},\n\tauthor = {Brischke, C. and Bornemann, T. and Rapp, A.O.},\n\tyear = {2018},\n\tfile = {Brischke (2017) Monitoring of a Cold Roof Thatched with Reed (Phragmites australis) Using Wooden Substitute Sensors for Moisture Content Measurements.pdf:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\maicher\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\D8EPNNWC\\\\Brischke (2017) Monitoring of a Cold Roof Thatched with Reed (Phragmites australis) Using Wooden Substitute Sensors for Moisture Content Measurement.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Resistance of PF-treated LVL from European beech (Fagus sylvatica) exposed in ground.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Bicke, S.; Brischke, C.; Biziks, V.; and Militz, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In Kallakas, H., editor(s), Proceedings of the 14th annual meeting of the Northern European Network for Wood Science and Engineering (WSE2018), pages 37–41, Tallinn, Estonia, October 2018. \n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n\n@inproceedings{bicke_resistance_2018,\n\taddress = {Tallinn, Estonia},\n\ttitle = {Resistance of {PF}-treated {LVL} from {European} beech ({Fagus} sylvatica) exposed in ground},\n\tbooktitle = {Proceedings of the 14th annual meeting of the {Northern} {European} {Network} for {Wood} {Science} and {Engineering} ({WSE2018})},\n\tauthor = {Bicke, S. and Brischke, C. and Biziks, V. and Militz, H.},\n\teditor = {Kallakas, H.},\n\tmonth = oct,\n\tyear = {2018},\n\tpages = {37--41},\n\tfile = {Bicke et al. - 2018 - Resistance of PF-treated LVL from European beech (.pdf:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\maicher\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\8AJVABWC\\\\Bicke et al. - 2018 - Resistance of PF-treated LVL from European beech (.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Laboratory screening of thermo-mechanically densified and thermally modified timbers for resistance to the marine borer Limnoria quadripunctata.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Janus, M.; Cragg, S.; Brischke, C.; Meyer-Veltrup, L.; and Wehsener, J.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n European Journal of Wood and Wood Products, 76(1): 393–396. January 2018.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \nPaper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{janus_laboratory_2018,\n\ttitle = {Laboratory screening of thermo-mechanically densified and thermally modified timbers for resistance to the marine borer {Limnoria} quadripunctata},\n\tvolume = {76},\n\tissn = {1436-736X},\n\turl = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s00107-017-1239-y},\n\tdoi = {10.1007/s00107-017-1239-y},\n\tabstract = {Thermo-mechanically densified material of five different wood species (English oak, European ash, European beech, Norway spruce, poplar) was subjected to three different vacuum-heat treatment processes (A 230 °C/20\\% vacuum; B 230 °C/80\\% vacuum; C 240 °C/20\\% vacuum) and tested for its resistance against the marine borer Limnoria quadripunctata by comparing their faecal pellet production rates. The three different treatments caused a notable reduction in the feeding rates of up to 66\\% indicating significantly increased durability against Limnoria if exposed to marine environment. Neither the treatment temperature nor the application of a higher vacuum affected the faecal pellet production significantly.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {1},\n\turldate = {2020-01-17},\n\tjournal = {European Journal of Wood and Wood Products},\n\tauthor = {Janus, Malte and Cragg, Simon and Brischke, Christian and Meyer-Veltrup, Linda and Wehsener, Jörg},\n\tmonth = jan,\n\tyear = {2018},\n\tpages = {393--396},\n}\n\n\n\n Thermo-mechanically densified material of five different wood species (English oak, European ash, European beech, Norway spruce, poplar) was subjected to three different vacuum-heat treatment processes (A 230 °C/20% vacuum; B 230 °C/80% vacuum; C 240 °C/20% vacuum) and tested for its resistance against the marine borer Limnoria quadripunctata by comparing their faecal pellet production rates. The three different treatments caused a notable reduction in the feeding rates of up to 66% indicating significantly increased durability against Limnoria if exposed to marine environment. Neither the treatment temperature nor the application of a higher vacuum affected the faecal pellet production significantly.\n
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\n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Performance of coated and uncoated horizontal Lap-Joint members during 20 years of ourdoor exposure.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Brischke, C.; Gellerich, A.; Militz, H.; and Michael, S.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Wood Research, 62(6): 883–894. 2017.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{brischke_performance_2017,\n\ttitle = {Performance of coated and uncoated horizontal {Lap}-{Joint} members during 20 years of ourdoor exposure},\n\tvolume = {62},\n\tabstract = {Horizontal lap-joint trials were set up using eleven different wood species representing\na wide range of natural durability. Coated and uncoated lap-joint specimens as well as non-jointed reference specimens were exposed for up to 20 years and evaluated with respect to decay, formation of cracks and performance of the coating. The tropical wood species Tatajuba, Cedrorana, and Dark Red Meranti performed still very well and also some Europe-grown softwoods with coloured heardwood were still in good shape. The lap-joint set up turned out to be a method that can be used also for determining the durability and performance of untreated naturally durable wood, but suffered from several drawbacks such as time-consuming and costly specimen preparation, difficult to detect onset of decay, and generally long exposure times needed for a reliable durability assessment. Cracks were often the starting point for internal decay, but did not exclusively occur in the lap area.},\n\tnumber = {6},\n\tjournal = {Wood Research},\n\tauthor = {Brischke, C. and Gellerich, A. and Militz, H. and Michael, S.},\n\tyear = {2017},\n\tpages = {883--894},\n\tfile = {Brischke (2017) Performance of coated and uncoated horizontal Lap-Joint Members during 20 years of ourdoor exposure.pdf:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\maicher\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\RHSSUIU2\\\\Brischke (2017) Performance of coated and uncoated horizontal Lap-Joint Members during 20 years of ourdoor exposure.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n\n\n Horizontal lap-joint trials were set up using eleven different wood species representing a wide range of natural durability. Coated and uncoated lap-joint specimens as well as non-jointed reference specimens were exposed for up to 20 years and evaluated with respect to decay, formation of cracks and performance of the coating. The tropical wood species Tatajuba, Cedrorana, and Dark Red Meranti performed still very well and also some Europe-grown softwoods with coloured heardwood were still in good shape. The lap-joint set up turned out to be a method that can be used also for determining the durability and performance of untreated naturally durable wood, but suffered from several drawbacks such as time-consuming and costly specimen preparation, difficult to detect onset of decay, and generally long exposure times needed for a reliable durability assessment. Cracks were often the starting point for internal decay, but did not exclusively occur in the lap area.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Studies on the material resistance and moisture dynamics of Common juniper, English yew, Black cherry, and Rowan.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Brischke, C.; Hesse, C.; Meyer-Veltrup, L.; and Humar, M.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Wood Material Science & Engineering,1–9. July 2017.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n\n@article{brischke_studies_2017,\n\ttitle = {Studies on the material resistance and moisture dynamics of {Common} juniper, {English} yew, {Black} cherry, and {Rowan}},\n\tissn = {1748-0272, 1748-0280},\n\turl = {https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/17480272.2017.1356371},\n\tdoi = {10.1080/17480272.2017.1356371},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\turldate = {2017-07-31},\n\tjournal = {Wood Material Science \\& Engineering},\n\tauthor = {Brischke, Christian and Hesse, Carola and Meyer-Veltrup, Linda and Humar, Miha},\n\tmonth = jul,\n\tyear = {2017},\n\tpages = {1--9},\n\tfile = {Brischke (2017) Studies on the material resistance and moisture dynamics of Common juniper English yew Black cherry and Rowan.pdf:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\maicher\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\ACIM2CD3\\\\Brischke (2017) Studies on the material resistance and moisture dynamics of Common juniper English yew Black cherry and Rowan.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n The minimum moisture threshold for wood decay by basidiomycetes revisited. A review and modified pile experiments with Norway spruce and European beech decayed by Coniophora puteana and Trametes versicolor.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Brischke, C.; Soetbeer, A.; and Meyer-Veltrup, L.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Holzforschung, 0(0). January 2017.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n\n@article{brischke_minimum_2017,\n\ttitle = {The minimum moisture threshold for wood decay by basidiomycetes revisited. {A} review and modified pile experiments with {Norway} spruce and {European} beech decayed by {Coniophora} puteana and {Trametes} versicolor},\n\tvolume = {0},\n\tissn = {1437-434X, 0018-3830},\n\turl = {http://www.degruyter.com/view/j/hfsg.ahead-of-print/hf-2017-0051/hf-2017-0051.xml},\n\tdoi = {10.1515/hf-2017-0051},\n\tnumber = {0},\n\turldate = {2017-07-26},\n\tjournal = {Holzforschung},\n\tauthor = {Brischke, Christian and Soetbeer, Arved and Meyer-Veltrup, Linda},\n\tmonth = jan,\n\tyear = {2017},\n\tfile = {Brischke (2017) The minimum moisture threshold for wood decay by basidiomycetes revised..pdf:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\maicher\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\BKU37W3E\\\\Brischke (2017) The minimum moisture threshold for wood decay by basidiomycetes revised..pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Durability of wood in ground contact – Effects of specimens size.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Brischke, Christian; and Meyer-Veltrup, Linda\n\n\n \n\n\n\n PRO LIGNO, 13(2): 3–9. 2017.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{brischke_christian_durability_2017,\n\ttitle = {Durability of wood in ground contact – {Effects} of specimens size},\n\tvolume = {13},\n\tissn = {2069-7430},\n\tabstract = {The durability of wood in ground contact is affected by its material resistance on the one hand, and the exposure situation in the ground on the other hand. The latter is considered to be one of the most severe not at least due to permanent wetting and direct contact to a well-established microbial flora. In addition to physical, chemical, biological, and ecological soil parameters, the design of a wooden commodity which is in contact with the ground can have an effect on its durability. This study examined the effect of size of specimens used for in-ground durability tests.\nStandard EN 252 specimens, smaller mini-stake specimens, and larger double-size specimens were made from Scots pine sapwood and heartwood (Pinus sylvestris L.), Norway spruce (Picea abies Karst.), beech (Fagus sylvatica L.), and English oak (Quercus robur L.) and exposed in ground in a test field in Hannover-Herrenhausen, Germany. In addition, standard size specimens were exposed on the ground. Decay rates and corresponding durability classes according to European standards were determined. Decay proceeded slightly faster with decreasing specimen size, but for the majority of the tested materials no significant effect became apparent. However, the most durable material tested was English oak, for which durability was clearly affected by the specimen size. It was classified ‚durable’ (durability class DC 2) using double size stakes, ‚moderately durable’ (DC 3) using standard specimens, and ‚less durable’ (DC 4) using mini-stake specimens. Specimens exposed on-ground decayed significantly less rapidly compared to specimens buried in the ground to half of their length.\nThe findings from this study recommend to use also test specimens, which are bigger dimensioned than standard specimens and thus closer in dimension to real size commodities. Otherwise, one might accept to underestimate the durability of particular wood-based materials.},\n\tnumber = {2},\n\tjournal = {PRO LIGNO},\n\tauthor = {{Brischke, Christian} and {Meyer-Veltrup, Linda}},\n\tyear = {2017},\n\tpages = {3--9},\n\tfile = {Brischke (2017) Durability of wood in ground contact – Effects of specimens size.pdf:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\maicher\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\PGMNNSDT\\\\Brischke (2017) Durability of wood in ground contact – Effects of specimens size.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n\n\n The durability of wood in ground contact is affected by its material resistance on the one hand, and the exposure situation in the ground on the other hand. The latter is considered to be one of the most severe not at least due to permanent wetting and direct contact to a well-established microbial flora. In addition to physical, chemical, biological, and ecological soil parameters, the design of a wooden commodity which is in contact with the ground can have an effect on its durability. This study examined the effect of size of specimens used for in-ground durability tests. Standard EN 252 specimens, smaller mini-stake specimens, and larger double-size specimens were made from Scots pine sapwood and heartwood (Pinus sylvestris L.), Norway spruce (Picea abies Karst.), beech (Fagus sylvatica L.), and English oak (Quercus robur L.) and exposed in ground in a test field in Hannover-Herrenhausen, Germany. In addition, standard size specimens were exposed on the ground. Decay rates and corresponding durability classes according to European standards were determined. Decay proceeded slightly faster with decreasing specimen size, but for the majority of the tested materials no significant effect became apparent. However, the most durable material tested was English oak, for which durability was clearly affected by the specimen size. It was classified ‚durable’ (durability class DC 2) using double size stakes, ‚moderately durable’ (DC 3) using standard specimens, and ‚less durable’ (DC 4) using mini-stake specimens. Specimens exposed on-ground decayed significantly less rapidly compared to specimens buried in the ground to half of their length. The findings from this study recommend to use also test specimens, which are bigger dimensioned than standard specimens and thus closer in dimension to real size commodities. Otherwise, one might accept to underestimate the durability of particular wood-based materials.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Decay models.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Brischke, C.; and Viitanen, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In Brischke, C.; and Jones, D, editor(s), Performance of bio-based building materials, pages 510–522. Woodhead Publishing, Cambridge, 2017.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n\n@incollection{brischke_decay_2017,\n\taddress = {Cambridge},\n\ttitle = {Decay models},\n\tbooktitle = {Performance of bio-based building materials},\n\tpublisher = {Woodhead Publishing},\n\tauthor = {Brischke, C. and Viitanen, H.},\n\teditor = {Brischke, C. and Jones, D},\n\tyear = {2017},\n\tpages = {510--522},\n}\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Potential hazards and degrading agents.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Brischke, C.; and Unger, W.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In Brischke, C.; and Jones, D, editor(s), Performance of bio-based building materials, pages 188–203. Woodhead Publishing, Cambridge, 2017.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n\n@incollection{brischke_potential_2017,\n\taddress = {Cambridge},\n\ttitle = {Potential hazards and degrading agents},\n\tbooktitle = {Performance of bio-based building materials},\n\tpublisher = {Woodhead Publishing},\n\tauthor = {Brischke, C. and Unger, W.},\n\teditor = {Brischke, C. and Jones, D},\n\tyear = {2017},\n\tpages = {188--203},\n}\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Modelling-introduction.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Brischke, C.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In Brischke, C.; and Jones, D, editor(s), Performance of bio-based building materials, pages 483–484. Woodhead Publishing, Cambridge, 2017.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n\n@incollection{brischke_modelling-introduction_2017,\n\taddress = {Cambridge},\n\ttitle = {Modelling-introduction},\n\tbooktitle = {Performance of bio-based building materials},\n\tpublisher = {Woodhead Publishing},\n\tauthor = {Brischke, C.},\n\teditor = {Brischke, C. and Jones, D},\n\tyear = {2017},\n\tpages = {483--484},\n}\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Performance of the bio-based materials.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Brischke, C.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In Brischke, C.; and Jones, D, editor(s), Performance of Bio-based Building Materials, pages 249–333. Elsevier, 2017.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n\n@incollection{brischke_performance_2017-1,\n\ttitle = {Performance of the bio-based materials},\n\tisbn = {978-0-08-100982-6},\n\turl = {http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/B9780081009826000057},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\turldate = {2018-06-13},\n\tbooktitle = {Performance of {Bio}-based {Building} {Materials}},\n\tpublisher = {Elsevier},\n\tauthor = {Brischke, C.},\n\teditor = {Brischke, C. and Jones, D},\n\tyear = {2017},\n\tdoi = {10.1016/B978-0-08-100982-6.00005-7},\n\tpages = {249--333},\n}\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Moisture performance.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Brischke, C.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In Performance of bio-based building materials, pages 277–285. Woodhead Publishing, Cambridge, 2017.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n\n@incollection{brischke_moisture_2017,\n\taddress = {Cambridge},\n\ttitle = {Moisture performance},\n\tbooktitle = {Performance of bio-based building materials},\n\tpublisher = {Woodhead Publishing},\n\tauthor = {Brischke, C.},\n\tyear = {2017},\n\tpages = {277--285},\n}\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n The effect of different test methods on durability classification of modified wood.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Brischke, C.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n PRO LIGNO, 13(4): 290–297. 2017.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n\n@article{brischke_effect_2017,\n\ttitle = {The effect of different test methods on durability classification of modified wood},\n\tvolume = {13},\n\tnumber = {4},\n\tjournal = {PRO LIGNO},\n\tauthor = {Brischke, C.},\n\tyear = {2017},\n\tpages = {290--297},\n}\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Rissbildung in Holzbauteilen. Bewertung materialspezifischer Unterschiede und Einfluss auf Holzfeuchte und Oberflächenqualität.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Brischke, C.; Linda Meyer-Veltrup; Christian Goritzka; Branco Tammen; Ulrich Hundhausen; Karl-Christian Mahnert; and Antje Gellerich\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Holztechnologie, 58(3): 5–13. 2017.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{brischke_rissbildung_2017,\n\ttitle = {Rissbildung in {Holzbauteilen}. {Bewertung} materialspezifischer {Unterschiede} und {Einfluss} auf {Holzfeuchte} und {Oberflächenqualität}},\n\tvolume = {58},\n\tabstract = {Risse entstehen in Holzbauteilen als Folge der Anisotropie des Werkstoffs unter der Einwirkung\nwechselnder klimatischer Bedingungen. Durch Quellung und Schwindung im hygroskopischen\nBereich macht Holz vielfache Dimensionsänderungen durch. Spannungen, die an der Oberfläche\nund im Inneren des Holzes auftreten, können zur Ausbildung von Rissen führen. Risse in\nHolzbauteilen werden oft als Mangel verstanden und für eine Vielzahl von negativen Folgen\nverantwortlich gemacht: u. a. Beeinträchtigung der optischen Erscheinung, Verletzungsgefahr\ndurch Splitter, Feuchteanreicherung im Bauteil, mechanische Schwächung des Querschnitts\noder gar Ausgangspunkt für Fäulnis. Ob und in welchem Umfang Risse aber zu einer\nBeeinträchtigung der Nutzung eines Bauteils führen, hängt sehr von ihrer Größe, Position und\ndem Einsatzzweck des jeweiligen Bauteils ab. In einigen Fällen ist es fraglich, ob Risse überhaupt\nursächlich für eine weitergehende Schädigung von Bauteilen sind. In diesem Beitrag sind\ndie Ergebnisse aus drei Studien zusammengetragen, die sich mit der Anfälligkeit unterschiedlicher\nMaterialien gegenüber der Ausbildung von Rissen, dem Einfluss von Rissen auf die\nHolzfeuchte und evtl. daraus entstehenden Fäulnisschäden sowie der optischen Bewertung von\nRissen beschäftigen. Auf Grundlage der an verschiedenen Forschungsinstituten gemachten\npraktischen Erfahrungen werden die Probleme und Herausforderungen bei der Bewertung von Rissen erörtert und schließlich ein Vorschlag für ein Bewertungssystem zur Diskussion gestellt.},\n\tnumber = {3},\n\tjournal = {Holztechnologie},\n\tauthor = {Brischke, Christian and {Linda Meyer-Veltrup} and {Christian Goritzka} and {Branco Tammen} and {Ulrich Hundhausen} and {Karl-Christian Mahnert} and {Antje Gellerich}},\n\tyear = {2017},\n\tpages = {5--13},\n\tfile = {Brischke (2017) Rissbildung in Holzbauteilen.pdf:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\maicher\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\7UWNPCEM\\\\Brischke (2017) Rissbildung in Holzbauteilen.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n\n\n Risse entstehen in Holzbauteilen als Folge der Anisotropie des Werkstoffs unter der Einwirkung wechselnder klimatischer Bedingungen. Durch Quellung und Schwindung im hygroskopischen Bereich macht Holz vielfache Dimensionsänderungen durch. Spannungen, die an der Oberfläche und im Inneren des Holzes auftreten, können zur Ausbildung von Rissen führen. Risse in Holzbauteilen werden oft als Mangel verstanden und für eine Vielzahl von negativen Folgen verantwortlich gemacht: u. a. Beeinträchtigung der optischen Erscheinung, Verletzungsgefahr durch Splitter, Feuchteanreicherung im Bauteil, mechanische Schwächung des Querschnitts oder gar Ausgangspunkt für Fäulnis. Ob und in welchem Umfang Risse aber zu einer Beeinträchtigung der Nutzung eines Bauteils führen, hängt sehr von ihrer Größe, Position und dem Einsatzzweck des jeweiligen Bauteils ab. In einigen Fällen ist es fraglich, ob Risse überhaupt ursächlich für eine weitergehende Schädigung von Bauteilen sind. In diesem Beitrag sind die Ergebnisse aus drei Studien zusammengetragen, die sich mit der Anfälligkeit unterschiedlicher Materialien gegenüber der Ausbildung von Rissen, dem Einfluss von Rissen auf die Holzfeuchte und evtl. daraus entstehenden Fäulnisschäden sowie der optischen Bewertung von Rissen beschäftigen. Auf Grundlage der an verschiedenen Forschungsinstituten gemachten praktischen Erfahrungen werden die Probleme und Herausforderungen bei der Bewertung von Rissen erörtert und schließlich ein Vorschlag für ein Bewertungssystem zur Diskussion gestellt.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Material moisture content of wood and cement mortars – Electrical resistance-based measurements in the high ohmic range.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Otten, K. A.; Brischke, C.; and Meyer, C.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Construction and Building Materials, 153: 640–646. October 2017.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n\n@article{otten_material_2017,\n\ttitle = {Material moisture content of wood and cement mortars – {Electrical} resistance-based measurements in the high ohmic range},\n\tvolume = {153},\n\tissn = {09500618},\n\turl = {http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S095006181731423X},\n\tdoi = {10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2017.07.090},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\turldate = {2018-06-13},\n\tjournal = {Construction and Building Materials},\n\tauthor = {Otten, Kathrin A. and Brischke, Christian and Meyer, Christopher},\n\tmonth = oct,\n\tyear = {2017},\n\tpages = {640--646},\n}\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Durability, efficacy and performance of bio-based construction materials: Standardisation background and systems of evaluation and authorisation for the European market.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Kutnik, M.; Suttie, E.; and Brischke, C.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In Performance of Bio-based Building Materials, pages 593–610. Elsevier, 2017.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n\n@incollection{kutnik_durability_2017,\n\ttitle = {Durability, efficacy and performance of bio-based construction materials: {Standardisation} background and systems of evaluation and authorisation for the {European} market},\n\tisbn = {978-0-08-100982-6},\n\tshorttitle = {Durability, efficacy and performance of bio-based construction materials},\n\turl = {http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/B9780081009826000100},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\turldate = {2018-06-13},\n\tbooktitle = {Performance of {Bio}-based {Building} {Materials}},\n\tpublisher = {Elsevier},\n\tauthor = {Kutnik, M. and Suttie, E. and Brischke, C.},\n\tyear = {2017},\n\tdoi = {10.1016/B978-0-08-100982-6.00010-0},\n\tpages = {593--610},\n}\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Moisture performance and durability of wooden façades and decking during six years of outdoor exposure.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Brischke, C.; Meyer-Veltrup, L.; and Bornemann, T.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Journal of Building Engineering, 13: 207–215. September 2017.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n\n@article{brischke_moisture_2017-1,\n\ttitle = {Moisture performance and durability of wooden façades and decking during six years of outdoor exposure},\n\tvolume = {13},\n\tissn = {23527102},\n\turl = {http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S2352710217301614},\n\tdoi = {10.1016/j.jobe.2017.08.004},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\turldate = {2018-06-13},\n\tjournal = {Journal of Building Engineering},\n\tauthor = {Brischke, C. and Meyer-Veltrup, L. and Bornemann, T.},\n\tmonth = sep,\n\tyear = {2017},\n\tpages = {207--215},\n}\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Modelling of moisture content in timber bridge details.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Niklewski, J.; Brischke, C.; Hansson, F.; and Meyer-Veltrup, L.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In on Wood Protection, T. I. R. G., editor(s), pages 1–12, Stockholm, Schweden, 2017. \n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n\n@inproceedings{niklewski_modelling_2017,\n\taddress = {Stockholm, Schweden},\n\ttitle = {Modelling of moisture content in timber bridge details},\n\tdoi = {IRG/WP 17-20613},\n\tauthor = {Niklewski, J. and Brischke, C. and Frühwald Hansson and Meyer-Veltrup, L.},\n\teditor = {The International Research Group on Wood Protection},\n\tyear = {2017},\n\tpages = {1--12},\n\tfile = {Niklewski et al. - 2017 - Modelling of moisture content in timber bridge det.pdf:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\maicher\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\XFIAWXF3\\\\Niklewski et al. - 2017 - Modelling of moisture content in timber bridge det.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Design and performance prediction of timber structures based on a factorization approach.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Meyer-Veltrup, L.; and Brischke, C.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In on Wood Protection, T. I. R. G., editor(s), pages 1–12, Stockholm, Schweden, 2017. \n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n\n@inproceedings{meyer-veltrup_design_2017,\n\taddress = {Stockholm, Schweden},\n\ttitle = {Design and performance prediction of timber structures based on a factorization approach},\n\tdoi = {IRG/WP 17-20603},\n\tauthor = {Meyer-Veltrup, L. and Brischke, C.},\n\teditor = {The International Research Group on Wood Protection},\n\tyear = {2017},\n\tpages = {1--12},\n\tfile = {Meyer-Veltrup und Brischke - 2017 - Design and performance prediction of timber struct.pdf:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\maicher\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\IS99I65U\\\\Meyer-Veltrup und Brischke - 2017 - Design and performance prediction of timber struct.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Comperative studies on the durability of English oak (Quercus robur L.) under in-service, field and laboratory conditions.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Brischke, C.; Meyer-Veltrup, L.; Soetbeer, A.; Melcher, E.; Höpken, M.; and Trautner, J.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In The International Research Group on Wood Protection, pages 1–16, Stockholm, Schweden, 2017. \n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n\n@inproceedings{brischke_comperative_2017,\n\taddress = {Stockholm, Schweden},\n\ttitle = {Comperative studies on the durability of {English} oak ({Quercus} robur {L}.) under in-service, field and laboratory conditions},\n\tdoi = {IRG/WP 17-10881},\n\tbooktitle = {The {International} {Research} {Group} on {Wood} {Protection}},\n\tauthor = {Brischke, C. and Meyer-Veltrup, L. and Soetbeer, Arved and Melcher, E. and Höpken, M. and Trautner, J.},\n\tyear = {2017},\n\tpages = {1--16},\n\tfile = {Brischke et al. - 2017 - Comperative studies on the durability of English o.pdf:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\maicher\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\X5YG8XIM\\\\Brischke et al. - 2017 - Comperative studies on the durability of English o.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Incipient brown rot decay in modified wood: patterns of mass loss, structural integrity, moisture and acetyl content in high resolution.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Ringman, R.; Pilgård, A.; Brischke, C.; Windeisen, E.; and Richter, K.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n International Wood Products Journal,1–11. July 2017.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n\n@article{ringman_incipient_2017,\n\ttitle = {Incipient brown rot decay in modified wood: patterns of mass loss, structural integrity, moisture and acetyl content in high resolution},\n\tissn = {2042-6445, 2042-6453},\n\tshorttitle = {Incipient brown rot decay in modified wood},\n\turl = {https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/20426445.2017.1344382},\n\tdoi = {10.1080/20426445.2017.1344382},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\turldate = {2017-07-06},\n\tjournal = {International Wood Products Journal},\n\tauthor = {Ringman, R. and Pilgård, A. and Brischke, C. and Windeisen, E. and Richter, K.},\n\tmonth = jul,\n\tyear = {2017},\n\tpages = {1--11},\n\tfile = {Ringman (2017) Incipient brown rot decay in modified wood patterns of mass loss structural integrity moisture and acetyl content in high resolution.pdf:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\maicher\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\KNW2NCTM\\\\Ringman (2017) Incipient brown rot decay in modified wood patterns of mass loss structural integrity moisture and acetyl content in high resolution.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Design and service life prediction concept for timber structures - Part 2: Climate effects.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Brischke, C.; Frühwald Hansson, E.; Kavurmaci, D.; and Niklewski, J.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In International Conference on Durability of Building Materials and Components, pages 1–10, Gent, 2017. \n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n\n@inproceedings{brischke_design_2017,\n\taddress = {Gent},\n\ttitle = {Design and service life prediction concept for timber structures - {Part} 2: {Climate} effects},\n\tbooktitle = {International {Conference} on {Durability} of {Building} {Materials} and {Components}},\n\tauthor = {Brischke, C. and Frühwald Hansson, E. and Kavurmaci, D. and Niklewski, J.},\n\tyear = {2017},\n\tpages = {1--10},\n}\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Prediction of decay rate in above-ground field tests from physical configurations.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Stirling, R.; Brischke, C.; Meyer-Veltrup, L.; and Morris, P.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In Group, I. R., editor(s), IUFRO Division 5 Meeting Vancouver, Canada, Edinburgh, UK, 2017. \n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n\n@inproceedings{stirling_prediction_2017,\n\taddress = {Edinburgh, UK},\n\ttitle = {Prediction of decay rate in above-ground field tests from physical configurations},\n\tbooktitle = {{IUFRO} {Division} 5 {Meeting} {Vancouver}, {Canada}},\n\tauthor = {Stirling, R. and Brischke, C. and Meyer-Veltrup, L. and Morris, P.},\n\teditor = {IUFRO Research Group},\n\tyear = {2017},\n}\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n A factorization approach for design and service life prediction of timber bridges.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Brischke, C.; Meyer-Veltrup, L.; Niklewski, J.; and Thelandersson, S.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In Engelund Thybring, E, editor(s), 13th annual meeting, pages 73–78, 2017. \n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n\n@inproceedings{brischke_factorization_2017,\n\ttitle = {A factorization approach for design and service life prediction of timber bridges},\n\tbooktitle = {13th annual meeting},\n\tauthor = {Brischke, C. and Meyer-Veltrup, L. and Niklewski, J. and Thelandersson, S.},\n\teditor = {Engelund Thybring, E},\n\tyear = {2017},\n\tpages = {73--78},\n}\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Performance of Bio-based Building Materials.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Jones, D; and Brischke, C.,\n editors.\n \n\n\n \n\n\n\n Woodhead Publishing, Cambridge, 2017.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n\n@book{jones_performance_2017,\n\taddress = {Cambridge},\n\ttitle = {Performance of {Bio}-based {Building} {Materials}},\n\tpublisher = {Woodhead Publishing},\n\teditor = {Jones, D and Brischke, C.},\n\tyear = {2017},\n}\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Mechanical properties of densified and thermally modified timber.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Wehsener, J.; Brischke, C.; Meyer-Veltrup, L.; and Haller, P.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In Kutnar, A.; and Jones, D, editor(s), COST Action FP 1407: 3rd Conference on wood modification research and applications, pages 1–2, 2017. \n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n\n@inproceedings{wehsener_mechanical_2017,\n\ttitle = {Mechanical properties of densified and thermally modified timber},\n\tbooktitle = {{COST} {Action} {FP} 1407: 3rd {Conference} on wood modification research and applications},\n\tauthor = {Wehsener, Jörg and Brischke, C. and Meyer-Veltrup, L. and Haller, Peer},\n\teditor = {Kutnar, A. and Jones, D},\n\tyear = {2017},\n\tpages = {1--2},\n}\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Performance of wooden windows and facade elements in different natural environments.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Ugovšek, A.; Subic, B.; Starman, J.; Rep, G.; Humar, M.; Lesar, B.; Thaler, N.; Brischke, C.; Meyer-Veltrup, L.; Jones, D; Häggström, U.; and Lozano, J. I.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In Jones, D.; and Brischke, C., editor(s), Building with bio-based materials: Best practice and performance specification, pages 1, 2017. \n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n\n@inproceedings{ugovsek_performance_2017,\n\ttitle = {Performance of wooden windows and facade elements in different natural environments},\n\tbooktitle = {Building with bio-based materials: {Best} practice and performance specification},\n\tauthor = {Ugovšek, A. and Subic, B. and Starman, Jernej and Rep, Gregor and Humar, M. and Lesar, Boštjan and Thaler, Nejc and Brischke, C. and Meyer-Veltrup, L. and Jones, D and Häggström, Urban and Lozano, Jose Ignacio},\n\teditor = {Jones, D. and Brischke, C.},\n\tyear = {2017},\n\tpages = {1},\n}\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Knowledge exchange and transfer from academia to industry in the field of wood protection research – Activities of the IRG-WP Communications Committee.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Nunes, L; Abbott, B.; Brischke, C.; Howick, D.; Humar, M.; Larnoy, E.; Latorre, F.; Preston, A.; and Singh, T.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In Brischke, C.; and Jones, D, editor(s), Building with bio-based materials: Best practice and performance specification, pages 1, 2017. \n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n\n@inproceedings{nunes_knowledge_2017,\n\ttitle = {Knowledge exchange and transfer from academia to industry in the field of wood protection research – {Activities} of the {IRG}-{WP} {Communications} {Committee}},\n\tbooktitle = {Building with bio-based materials: {Best} practice and performance specification},\n\tauthor = {Nunes, L and Abbott, B. and Brischke, C. and Howick, D. and Humar, M. and Larnoy, E. and Latorre, FJ and Preston, AF and Singh, T.},\n\teditor = {Brischke, C. and Jones, D},\n\tyear = {2017},\n\tpages = {1},\n}\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Performance of the bio-based materials: Introduction.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Brischke, C.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In Jones, D; and Brischke, C., editor(s), Performance of bio-based materials, pages 249. Woodhead Publishing, Cambridge, 2017.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n\n@incollection{brischke_performance_2017-2,\n\taddress = {Cambridge},\n\ttitle = {Performance of the bio-based materials: {Introduction}},\n\tbooktitle = {Performance of bio-based materials},\n\tpublisher = {Woodhead Publishing},\n\tauthor = {Brischke, C.},\n\teditor = {Jones, D and Brischke, C.},\n\tyear = {2017},\n\tpages = {249},\n}\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Performance of the bio-based materials: Preface.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Jones, D.; and Brischke, C.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In Brischke, C.; and Jones, D, editor(s), Performance of Bio-based Building Materials, pages XIII–XIV. Elsevier, 2017.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n\n@incollection{jones_performance_2017-1,\n\ttitle = {Performance of the bio-based materials: {Preface}},\n\tisbn = {978-0-08-100982-6},\n\turl = {http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/B9780081009826000057},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\turldate = {2018-06-13},\n\tbooktitle = {Performance of {Bio}-based {Building} {Materials}},\n\tpublisher = {Elsevier},\n\tauthor = {Jones, D. and Brischke, C.},\n\teditor = {Brischke, C. and Jones, D},\n\tyear = {2017},\n\tdoi = {10.1016/B978-0-08-100982-6.00005-7},\n\tpages = {XIII--XIV},\n}\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Developments within the COST Action FP1303 related to bio-based composite materials.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Jones, D; and Brischke, C.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In for Sustainable Building Products, T. A., editor(s), International Panel Product Symposium 2017, pages 1–2, 2017. \n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n\n@inproceedings{jones_developments_2017,\n\ttitle = {Developments within the {COST} {Action} {FP1303} related to bio-based composite materials},\n\tbooktitle = {International {Panel} {Product} {Symposium} 2017},\n\tauthor = {Jones, D and Brischke, C.},\n\teditor = {The Alliance for Sustainable Building Products},\n\tyear = {2017},\n\tpages = {1--2},\n}\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Performance of the bio-based materials: Reed.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Greef, J.; and Brischke, C.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In Brischke, C.; and Jones, D, editor(s), Performance of Bio-based Building Materials, pages 124–128. Elsevier, 2017.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n\n@incollection{greef_performance_2017,\n\ttitle = {Performance of the bio-based materials: {Reed}},\n\tisbn = {978-0-08-100982-6},\n\turl = {http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/B9780081009826000057},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\turldate = {2018-06-13},\n\tbooktitle = {Performance of {Bio}-based {Building} {Materials}},\n\tpublisher = {Elsevier},\n\tauthor = {Greef, Jörg-Michael and Brischke, C.},\n\teditor = {Brischke, C. and Jones, D},\n\tyear = {2017},\n\tdoi = {10.1016/B978-0-08-100982-6.00005-7},\n\tpages = {124--128},\n}\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Moisture requirements of wood decay fungi – Review on methods, thresholds and experimental limitations.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Brischke, C.; Soetbeer, A.; and Meyer-Veltrup, L.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In Building with bio-based materials: Best practice and performance specification, Zagreb, Croatia, 2017. \n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n\n@inproceedings{brischke_moisture_2017-2,\n\taddress = {Zagreb, Croatia},\n\ttitle = {Moisture requirements of wood decay fungi – {Review} on methods, thresholds and experimental limitations},\n\tbooktitle = {Building with bio-based materials: {Best} practice and performance specification},\n\tauthor = {Brischke, C. and Soetbeer, Arved and Meyer-Veltrup, L.},\n\tyear = {2017},\n}\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Performance of the bio-based materials - Function.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Brischke, C.; Humar, M.; and Thelandersson, S.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In Jones, D; and Brischke, C., editor(s), Performance of bio-based materials, pages 250–257. Woodhead Publishing, Cambridge, 2017.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n\n@incollection{brischke_performance_2017-3,\n\taddress = {Cambridge},\n\ttitle = {Performance of the bio-based materials - {Function}},\n\tbooktitle = {Performance of bio-based materials},\n\tpublisher = {Woodhead Publishing},\n\tauthor = {Brischke, C. and Humar, M. and Thelandersson, S.},\n\teditor = {Jones, D and Brischke, C.},\n\tyear = {2017},\n\tpages = {250--257},\n}\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Performance of the bio-based materials - Protection by design maintenance.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Brischke, C.; Humar, M.; and Lorenzo, D.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In Jones, D; and Brischke, C., editor(s), Performance of bio-based materials, pages 228–240. Woodhead Publishing, Cambridge, 2017.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n\n@incollection{brischke_performance_2017-4,\n\taddress = {Cambridge},\n\ttitle = {Performance of the bio-based materials - {Protection} by design maintenance},\n\tbooktitle = {Performance of bio-based materials},\n\tpublisher = {Woodhead Publishing},\n\tauthor = {Brischke, C. and Humar, M. and Lorenzo, D.},\n\teditor = {Jones, D and Brischke, C.},\n\tyear = {2017},\n\tpages = {228--240},\n}\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Evaluation of surface cracks on wood – physical assessment versus subjective sensation.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Gellerich, A.; Brischke, C.; Emmerich, L.; Meyer-Veltrup, L.; and Kaudewitz, P.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In The International Research Group on Wood Protection IRG/WP, pages 1–16, Stockholm, Schweden, 2017. \n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n\n@inproceedings{gellerich_evaluation_2017,\n\taddress = {Stockholm, Schweden},\n\ttitle = {Evaluation of surface cracks on wood – physical assessment versus subjective sensation},\n\tdoi = {IRG/WP 17-20617},\n\tbooktitle = {The {International} {Research} {Group} on {Wood} {Protection} {IRG}/{WP}},\n\tauthor = {Gellerich, Antje and Brischke, Christian and Emmerich, Lukas and Meyer-Veltrup, Linda and Kaudewitz, Philipp},\n\tyear = {2017},\n\tpages = {1--16},\n\tfile = {Gellerich et al. - 2017 - Evaluation of surface cracks on wood – physical as.pdf:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\maicher\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\LEMTLLR4\\\\Gellerich et al. - 2017 - Evaluation of surface cracks on wood – physical as.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Dual Borate and Copper Naphthenate Treatment of Bridge Timbers: Potential Performance Enhancements and Cost Savings.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Lloyd, J. D.; Brischke, C.; Bennett, R.; and Taylor, A.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In on Wood Protection, T. I. R. G., editor(s), pages 1–11, Stockholm, Schweden, 2017. \n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n\n@inproceedings{lloyd_dual_2017,\n\taddress = {Stockholm, Schweden},\n\ttitle = {Dual {Borate} and {Copper} {Naphthenate} {Treatment} of {Bridge} {Timbers}: {Potential} {Performance} {Enhancements} and {Cost} {Savings}},\n\tdoi = {IRG/WP 17-40797},\n\tauthor = {Lloyd, Jeff D. and Brischke, C. and Bennett, Richard and Taylor, Adam},\n\teditor = {The International Research Group on Wood Protection},\n\tyear = {2017},\n\tpages = {1--11},\n\tfile = {Lloyd et al. - 2017 - Dual Borate and Copper Naphthenate Treatment of Br.pdf:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\maicher\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\IN8UP6SM\\\\Lloyd et al. - 2017 - Dual Borate and Copper Naphthenate Treatment of Br.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Cooperative Performance Test – Results after two years outdoor exposure.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Lesar, B.; Humar, M.; Brischke, C.; Meyer-Veltrup, L.; Jones, D; Thaler, N.; Abascal, J.; Alfredsen, G.; Brunnhuber, B.; Grodas, E; Irle, M.; Klamer, M.; Mahnert, K. C.; Melcher, E.; Palanti, S.; Noel, M.; Suttie, E.; Pfabigan, N.; and Touza, M.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In on Wood Protection, T. I. R. G., editor(s), pages 1–18, Stockholm, Schweden, 2017. \n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n\n@inproceedings{lesar_cooperative_2017,\n\taddress = {Stockholm, Schweden},\n\ttitle = {Cooperative {Performance} {Test} – {Results} after two years outdoor exposure},\n\tdoi = {IRG/WP 17-20620},\n\tauthor = {Lesar, Boštjan and Humar, M. and Brischke, C. and Meyer-Veltrup, L. and Jones, D and Thaler, Nejc and Abascal, JM and Alfredsen, G. and Brunnhuber, B. and Grodas, E and Irle, M. and Klamer, M. and Mahnert, K. C. and Melcher, E., E. and Palanti, S. and Noel, M. and Suttie, E. and Pfabigan, N. and Touza, M.},\n\teditor = {The International Research Group on Wood Protection},\n\tyear = {2017},\n\tpages = {1--18},\n\tfile = {Lesar et al. - 2017 - Cooperative Performance Test – Results after two y.pdf:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\maicher\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\SCRIDBPJ\\\\Lesar et al. - 2017 - Cooperative Performance Test – Results after two y.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n\n\n
\n\n \n \n 2016\n \n \n (2)\n \n \n
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\n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Statistical analysis of durability tests - Part 1: Principles of distribution fitting and application on laboratory tests.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n De Windt, I.; Van den Bulcke, J.; Brischke, C.; Welzbacher, C. R.; Gellerich, A.; Bollmus, S.; and Humar, M.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In June 2016. \n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@inproceedings{de_windt_statistical_2016,\n\ttitle = {Statistical analysis of durability tests - {Part} 1: {Principles} of distribution fitting and application on laboratory tests},\n\tdoi = {IRG/WP 13-20504},\n\tabstract = {Service life prediction is an important topic in wood research, especially with regard to the Construction Products Regulation (CPR). Both laboratory tests as well as in-service performance testing are therefore essential in combination with proper monitoring and analysis tools. A crucial concept is variability in testing and analysis, especially for a biological material such as wood. The larger the sample size the more representative this is for the entire population, yet the number of specimens is often limited by a financial upper limit. Therefore it is essential to use the sub-optimal amount of data and assess as accurately as possible the characteristic under study. In this paper we focus on the use of probability density functions (pdf), also known as distributions. The principles and guidelines for pdf fitting will be explored as well as the use of confidence intervals. The theoretical concepts will be applied on mass loss data. Intra- and interspecies variability but also inter-laboratory variability is illustrated. Therefore the analysis of test results of a round-robin as described in Brischke and co-workers (2013) will be illustrated as well as the analysis of lab tests performed at Woodlab-UGent according to CEN/TS 15083-1 (2005). A validation procedure, as part of a future updated standard, can be useful to erase inter-laboratory differences. Furthermore, the use of a reference wood species can also be an option as a benchmark to compare other species rather than using ‘absolute’ testing resulting in a ranking based on median values. In Part 2 of this paper we will then further use the concepts of pdf fitting for time-to-failure analysis of field test data.},\n\tauthor = {De Windt, I. and Van den Bulcke, J. and Brischke, C. and Welzbacher, C. R. and Gellerich, A. and Bollmus, S. and Humar, M.},\n\tmonth = jun,\n\tyear = {2016},\n\tkeywords = {Basidiomycetes testing, material resistance, probability density function, round robin, statistics},\n\tfile = {IRG 13-20504:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\maicher\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\GDFSHDTF\\\\IRG 13-20504.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n\n\n Service life prediction is an important topic in wood research, especially with regard to the Construction Products Regulation (CPR). Both laboratory tests as well as in-service performance testing are therefore essential in combination with proper monitoring and analysis tools. A crucial concept is variability in testing and analysis, especially for a biological material such as wood. The larger the sample size the more representative this is for the entire population, yet the number of specimens is often limited by a financial upper limit. Therefore it is essential to use the sub-optimal amount of data and assess as accurately as possible the characteristic under study. In this paper we focus on the use of probability density functions (pdf), also known as distributions. The principles and guidelines for pdf fitting will be explored as well as the use of confidence intervals. The theoretical concepts will be applied on mass loss data. Intra- and interspecies variability but also inter-laboratory variability is illustrated. Therefore the analysis of test results of a round-robin as described in Brischke and co-workers (2013) will be illustrated as well as the analysis of lab tests performed at Woodlab-UGent according to CEN/TS 15083-1 (2005). A validation procedure, as part of a future updated standard, can be useful to erase inter-laboratory differences. Furthermore, the use of a reference wood species can also be an option as a benchmark to compare other species rather than using ‘absolute’ testing resulting in a ranking based on median values. In Part 2 of this paper we will then further use the concepts of pdf fitting for time-to-failure analysis of field test data.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Determination of the natural durability of solid wood against wood-destroying fungi – a European round-robin test.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Brischke, C.; Welzbacher, C. R.; Gellerich, A.; Bollmus, S.; Humar, M.; Plaschkies, K.; Scheiding, W.; Alfredsen, G.; Van Acker, J.; and De Windt, I.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In June 2016. \n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@inproceedings{brischke_determination_2016,\n\ttitle = {Determination of the natural durability of solid wood against wood-destroying fungi – a {European} round-robin test},\n\tdoi = {IRG/WP 13-20511},\n\tabstract = {In Europe the durability of wood against wood-destroying basidiomycetes is tested according to CEN/TS 15083-1 (2005). Hitherto existing experience with this standard is quite heterogeneous and results from previous round-robin tests have stayed unreported or have been reported incompletely. In particular the need for natural pre-weathering of the test specimens to allow potential detoxification of the material is discussed in-depth. Six European research institutions teamed up and established a new round-robin trial. The durability of Scots pine sap- and heartwood (Pinus sylvestris L.), European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.), English oak (Quercus robur L.) and Black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) against Coniophora puteana and Trametes versicolor have been evaluated without any pre-treatment, with pre-leaching (EN 84) and with 6 months natural weathering of the specimens. The durability classification revealed significant differences between test laboratories (up to four durability classes). Furthermore durability was depending on the pre-treatment and the respective statistical measures used. Natural pre-weathering led to an aligned durability classification between some test laboratories, but with some exceptions. A general conclusion about the impact of a pre-treatment on the durability classification was not achieved, wherefore it was neither urgently recommended nor disapproved.},\n\tauthor = {Brischke, C. and Welzbacher, C. R. and Gellerich, A. and Bollmus, S. and Humar, M. and Plaschkies, K. and Scheiding, W. and Alfredsen, G. and Van Acker, J. and De Windt, I.},\n\tmonth = jun,\n\tyear = {2016},\n\tkeywords = {Leaching, WHITE ROT, durability class, laboratory decay test, natural pre-weathering, brown rot},\n\tfile = {IRG 13-20511:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\maicher\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\EAA7NTAF\\\\IRG 13-20511.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n\n\n In Europe the durability of wood against wood-destroying basidiomycetes is tested according to CEN/TS 15083-1 (2005). Hitherto existing experience with this standard is quite heterogeneous and results from previous round-robin tests have stayed unreported or have been reported incompletely. In particular the need for natural pre-weathering of the test specimens to allow potential detoxification of the material is discussed in-depth. Six European research institutions teamed up and established a new round-robin trial. The durability of Scots pine sap- and heartwood (Pinus sylvestris L.), European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.), English oak (Quercus robur L.) and Black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) against Coniophora puteana and Trametes versicolor have been evaluated without any pre-treatment, with pre-leaching (EN 84) and with 6 months natural weathering of the specimens. The durability classification revealed significant differences between test laboratories (up to four durability classes). Furthermore durability was depending on the pre-treatment and the respective statistical measures used. Natural pre-weathering led to an aligned durability classification between some test laboratories, but with some exceptions. A general conclusion about the impact of a pre-treatment on the durability classification was not achieved, wherefore it was neither urgently recommended nor disapproved.\n
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\n\n \n \n 2014\n \n \n (3)\n \n \n
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\n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Wood natural durability testing under laboratory conditions: results from a round-robin test.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Brischke, C.; Welzbacher, C. R.; Gellerich, A.; Bollmus, S.; Humar, M.; Plaschkies, K.; Scheiding, W.; Alfredsen, G.; Van Acker, J.; and De Windt, I.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n European Journal of Wood and Wood Products, 72(1): 129–133. 2014.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \nPaper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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Paper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n@article{brischke_wood_2014,\n\ttitle = {Wood natural durability testing under laboratory conditions: results from a round-robin test},\n\tvolume = {72},\n\tissn = {0018-3768},\n\tshorttitle = {Wood natural durability testing under laboratory conditions: results from a round-robin test},\n\turl = {://WOS:000329640000017},\n\tdoi = {10.1007/s00107-013-0764-6},\n\tabstract = {In Europe, the durability of wood against wood-destroying basidiomycetes is tested according to CEN/TS 15083-1 (Durability of wood and wood-based products-determination of the natural durability of solid wood against wood-destroying fungi, test methods-part 1: basidiomycetes, 2005). Existing experience with this standard is quite heterogeneous wherefore six research institutions teamed up and established a new round-robin trial. Fagus sylvatica, Quercus robur, Robinia pseudoacacia as well as sap- and heartwood of Pinus sylvestris, were tested against Coniophora puteana and Trametes versicolor without any pre-treatment, with pre-leaching (EN 84) and with 6 months natural weathering of the specimens. Durability classification revealed differences between test laboratories and depended on pre-treatment and respective statistical measures applied.},\n\tlanguage = {English},\n\tnumber = {1},\n\tjournal = {European Journal of Wood and Wood Products},\n\tauthor = {Brischke, C. and Welzbacher, C. R. and Gellerich, A. and Bollmus, S. and Humar, M. and Plaschkies, K. and Scheiding, W. and Alfredsen, G. and Van Acker, J. and De Windt, I.},\n\tyear = {2014},\n\tpages = {129--133},\n\tfile = {art%3A10.1007%2Fs00107-013-0764-6:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\maicher\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\F2JJ6JPH\\\\art%3A10.1007%2Fs00107-013-0764-6.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n\n\n In Europe, the durability of wood against wood-destroying basidiomycetes is tested according to CEN/TS 15083-1 (Durability of wood and wood-based products-determination of the natural durability of solid wood against wood-destroying fungi, test methods-part 1: basidiomycetes, 2005). Existing experience with this standard is quite heterogeneous wherefore six research institutions teamed up and established a new round-robin trial. Fagus sylvatica, Quercus robur, Robinia pseudoacacia as well as sap- and heartwood of Pinus sylvestris, were tested against Coniophora puteana and Trametes versicolor without any pre-treatment, with pre-leaching (EN 84) and with 6 months natural weathering of the specimens. Durability classification revealed differences between test laboratories and depended on pre-treatment and respective statistical measures applied.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Bestimmung der natürlichen Dauerhaftigkeit von Holz.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Bollmus, S.; Gellerich, A.; Brischke, C.; and Melcher, E.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Holztechnologie, (2): 30–36. 2014.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n\n@article{bollmus_bestimmung_2014,\n\ttitle = {Bestimmung der natürlichen {Dauerhaftigkeit} von {Holz}},\n\tshorttitle = {Bestimmung der natürlichen {Dauerhaftigkeit} von {Holz}},\n\tnumber = {2},\n\tjournal = {Holztechnologie},\n\tauthor = {Bollmus, S. and Gellerich, A. and Brischke, C. and Melcher, E.},\n\tyear = {2014},\n\tpages = {30--36},\n}\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Wood natural durability testing under laboratory conditions: results from a round-robin test.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Brischke, C.; Welzbacher, C. R.; Gellerich, A.; Bollmus, S.; Humar, M.; Plaschkies, K.; Scheiding, W.; Alfredsen, G.; Van Acker, J.; and De Windt, I.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n European Journal of Wood and Wood Products, 72(1): 129–133. January 2014.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \nPaper\n \n \n\n \n \n doi\n \n \n\n \n link\n \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@article{brischke_wood_2014-1,\n\ttitle = {Wood natural durability testing under laboratory conditions: results from a round-robin test},\n\tvolume = {72},\n\tissn = {1436-736X},\n\turl = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s00107-013-0764-6},\n\tdoi = {10.1007/s00107-013-0764-6},\n\tabstract = {In Europe, the durability of wood against wood-destroying basidiomycetes is tested according to CEN/TS 15083-1 (Durability of wood and wood-based products—determination of the natural durability of solid wood against wood-destroying fungi, test methods—part 1: basidiomycetes, 2005). Existing experience with this standard is quite heterogeneous wherefore six research institutions teamed up and established a new round-robin trial. Fagus sylvatica, Quercus robur, Robinia pseudoacacia as well as sap- and heartwood of Pinus sylvestris, were tested against Coniophora puteana and Trametes versicolor without any pre-treatment, with pre-leaching (EN 84) and with 6 months natural weathering of the specimens. Durability classification revealed differences between test laboratories and depended on pre-treatment and respective statistical measures applied.},\n\tnumber = {1},\n\tjournal = {European Journal of Wood and Wood Products},\n\tauthor = {Brischke, Christian and Welzbacher, Christian R. and Gellerich, Antje and Bollmus, Susanne and Humar, Miha and Plaschkies, Katharina and Scheiding, Wolfram and Alfredsen, Gry and Van Acker, Joris and De Windt, Imke},\n\tmonth = jan,\n\tyear = {2014},\n\tpages = {129--133},\n}\n\n\n\n In Europe, the durability of wood against wood-destroying basidiomycetes is tested according to CEN/TS 15083-1 (Durability of wood and wood-based products—determination of the natural durability of solid wood against wood-destroying fungi, test methods—part 1: basidiomycetes, 2005). Existing experience with this standard is quite heterogeneous wherefore six research institutions teamed up and established a new round-robin trial. Fagus sylvatica, Quercus robur, Robinia pseudoacacia as well as sap- and heartwood of Pinus sylvestris, were tested against Coniophora puteana and Trametes versicolor without any pre-treatment, with pre-leaching (EN 84) and with 6 months natural weathering of the specimens. Durability classification revealed differences between test laboratories and depended on pre-treatment and respective statistical measures applied.\n
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\n\n \n \n 2012\n \n \n (1)\n \n \n
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\n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n The Impact of Various Modification Processes on the Structural Integrity of Wood.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Brischke, C.; Zimmer, K.; Ulvcrona, T.; Bollmus, S.; Welzbacher, C. R.; and Thomsen, O.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In Jones, D.; Militz, H.; Petrič, M.; Pohleven, F.; Humar, M.; and Pavlič, M., editor(s), pages 91–98, 2012. \n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n\n@inproceedings{jones_impact_2012,\n\ttitle = {The {Impact} of {Various} {Modification} {Processes} on the {Structural} {Integrity} of {Wood}},\n\tshorttitle = {The {Impact} of {Various} {Modification} {Processes} on the {Structural} {Integrity} of {Wood}},\n\tauthor = {Brischke, C. and Zimmer, K. and Ulvcrona, T. and Bollmus, S. and Welzbacher, C. R. and Thomsen, O.},\n\teditor = {Jones, D. and Militz, H. and Petrič, M. and Pohleven, F. and Humar, M. and Pavlič, M.},\n\tyear = {2012},\n\tpages = {91--98},\n\tfile = {01_ECWM6_Proceedings:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\maicher\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\8GDHFZGM\\\\01_ECWM6_Proceedings.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n\n\n
\n\n \n \n 2007\n \n \n (3)\n \n \n
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\n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Bestimmung der natürlichen Dauerhaftigkeit von Holz – Teil 2: Ergebnisse eines europäischen Ringversuchs.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Brischke, C.; Welzbacher, C.; Gellerich, A.; Bollmus, S.; Plaschkies, K.; Scheiding, W.; Alfredsen, G.; Van Acker, J.; and De Windt, I.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In pages 120–129, September 2007. Deutsche Gesellschaft für Holzforschung (DGfH)\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@inproceedings{brischke_bestimmung_2007,\n\ttitle = {Bestimmung der natürlichen {Dauerhaftigkeit} von {Holz} – {Teil} 2: {Ergebnisse} eines europäischen {Ringversuchs}},\n\tshorttitle = {Bestimmung der natürlichen {Dauerhaftigkeit} von {Holz} – {Teil} 2: {Ergebnisse} eines europäischen {Ringversuchs}},\n\tabstract = {Die Dauerhaftigkeit von Holz gegenüber Basidiomyceten wird in Europa nach CEN/TS 15083-1 (2005) bestimmt. Die bisherigen Erfahrungen mit diesem Standard sind sehr heterogen und Er-gebnisse früherer Ringversuche teilweise nicht oder nur unvollständig veröffentlicht. Insbesondere die Notwendigkeit einer natürlichen Vorbewitterung der Prüfkörper, u. a. mit dem Ziel einer Detoxifizierung des Materials, wird kontrovers diskutiert.\nFünf europäische Forschungseinrichtungen haben sich deshalb zu einem neuen Ringversuch zu-sammengeschlossen, in dem die Dauerhaftigkeit gegen holzzerstörende Pilze von fünf Holzarten mit und ohne Auswaschbeanspruchung bzw. 6-monatiger natürlicher Vorbewitterung gegen Coniophora puteana und Trametes versicolor geprüft wurden. Es ergaben sich Unterschiede in der Dauerhaftigkeitsklassifizierung zwischen den Prüfinstituten (bis zu vier Klassen) sowie in Abhän-gigkeit von der Vorbeanspruchung und den statistischen Auswertungsgrößen.\nDie natürliche Vorbewitterung der Prüfkörper hatte teilweise eine Angleichung der Dauerhaftig-keitsklassifizierung zwischen den Prüfinstituten zur Folge. In allen Fällen wurde eine Homogenisie-rung der Dauerhaftigkeitseinschätzung durch Vorbewitterung jedoch nicht erreicht. Generelle Aussagen zum Einfluss der Vorbeanspruchung auf die Klassifizierung der Dauerhaftigkeiten ließen sich somit nicht ableiten, weshalb diese weder zwingend zu empfehlen noch abzulehnen ist.},\n\tpublisher = {Deutsche Gesellschaft für Holzforschung (DGfH)},\n\tauthor = {Brischke, C. and Welzbacher, C. and Gellerich, A. and Bollmus, S. and Plaschkies, K. and Scheiding, W. and Alfredsen, G. and Van Acker, J. and De Windt, I.},\n\tmonth = sep,\n\tyear = {2007},\n\tpages = {120--129},\n\tfile = {13_Brischke:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\maicher\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\WWXWJKWV\\\\13_Brischke.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n\n\n Die Dauerhaftigkeit von Holz gegenüber Basidiomyceten wird in Europa nach CEN/TS 15083-1 (2005) bestimmt. Die bisherigen Erfahrungen mit diesem Standard sind sehr heterogen und Er-gebnisse früherer Ringversuche teilweise nicht oder nur unvollständig veröffentlicht. Insbesondere die Notwendigkeit einer natürlichen Vorbewitterung der Prüfkörper, u. a. mit dem Ziel einer Detoxifizierung des Materials, wird kontrovers diskutiert. Fünf europäische Forschungseinrichtungen haben sich deshalb zu einem neuen Ringversuch zu-sammengeschlossen, in dem die Dauerhaftigkeit gegen holzzerstörende Pilze von fünf Holzarten mit und ohne Auswaschbeanspruchung bzw. 6-monatiger natürlicher Vorbewitterung gegen Coniophora puteana und Trametes versicolor geprüft wurden. Es ergaben sich Unterschiede in der Dauerhaftigkeitsklassifizierung zwischen den Prüfinstituten (bis zu vier Klassen) sowie in Abhän-gigkeit von der Vorbeanspruchung und den statistischen Auswertungsgrößen. Die natürliche Vorbewitterung der Prüfkörper hatte teilweise eine Angleichung der Dauerhaftig-keitsklassifizierung zwischen den Prüfinstituten zur Folge. In allen Fällen wurde eine Homogenisie-rung der Dauerhaftigkeitseinschätzung durch Vorbewitterung jedoch nicht erreicht. Generelle Aussagen zum Einfluss der Vorbeanspruchung auf die Klassifizierung der Dauerhaftigkeiten ließen sich somit nicht ableiten, weshalb diese weder zwingend zu empfehlen noch abzulehnen ist.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Bestimmung der natürlichen Dauerhaftigkeit von Holz – Teil 1: Stand der aktuellen Diskussion.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Bollmus, S.; Gellerich, A.; Brischke, C.; and Melcher, E.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In pages 109–119, September 2007. Deutsche Gesellschaft für Holzforschung (DGfH)\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n@inproceedings{bollmus_bestimmung_2007,\n\ttitle = {Bestimmung der natürlichen {Dauerhaftigkeit} von {Holz} – {Teil} 1: {Stand} der aktuellen {Diskussion}},\n\tshorttitle = {Bestimmung der natürlichen {Dauerhaftigkeit} von {Holz} – {Teil} 1: {Stand} der aktuellen {Diskussion}},\n\tabstract = {Die natürliche Dauerhaftigkeit von Holz und Holzprodukten ist für die Holzverwendung eine wichti-ge Eigenschaft, die die Widerstandsfähigkeit von Holz und Holzprodukten gegenüber holzzerstö-renden Pilzen und Insekten beschreibt. Da die Gebrauchsdauer von Holz entscheidend von dieser Eigenschaft abhängt, gibt es eine Vielzahl von Normen und Regelwerken, die auf die natürliche Dauerhaftigkeit und hierbei speziell auf DIN EN 350-2 Bezug nehmen. Während in Teil 1 der DIN EN 350 insbesondere die Verfahren zur Bestimmung der natürlichen Dauerhaftigkeit beschrieben werden, findet sich in Teil 2 unter anderem eine Auflistung der Holzarten mit Angaben der Dauer-haftigkeitsklassen. Diese Norm befindet sich momentan in der Überarbeitung und gibt Anlass zur Diskussion unter Experten. Dieser Beitrag gibt einen Überblick über den aktuellen Stand der Dis-kussion.},\n\tpublisher = {Deutsche Gesellschaft für Holzforschung (DGfH)},\n\tauthor = {Bollmus, S. and Gellerich, A. and Brischke, C. and Melcher, E.},\n\tmonth = sep,\n\tyear = {2007},\n\tpages = {109--119},\n\tfile = {12_Bollmus:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\maicher\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\WPMTGP7W\\\\12_Bollmus.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n\n\n Die natürliche Dauerhaftigkeit von Holz und Holzprodukten ist für die Holzverwendung eine wichti-ge Eigenschaft, die die Widerstandsfähigkeit von Holz und Holzprodukten gegenüber holzzerstö-renden Pilzen und Insekten beschreibt. Da die Gebrauchsdauer von Holz entscheidend von dieser Eigenschaft abhängt, gibt es eine Vielzahl von Normen und Regelwerken, die auf die natürliche Dauerhaftigkeit und hierbei speziell auf DIN EN 350-2 Bezug nehmen. Während in Teil 1 der DIN EN 350 insbesondere die Verfahren zur Bestimmung der natürlichen Dauerhaftigkeit beschrieben werden, findet sich in Teil 2 unter anderem eine Auflistung der Holzarten mit Angaben der Dauer-haftigkeitsklassen. Diese Norm befindet sich momentan in der Überarbeitung und gibt Anlass zur Diskussion unter Experten. Dieser Beitrag gibt einen Überblick über den aktuellen Stand der Dis-kussion.\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Untersuchung abbaubestimmender Faktoren zur Vorhersage der Gebrauchsdauer feuchtebeanspruchter Holzbauteile.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Brischke, C.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Ph.D. Thesis, Hamburg, 2007.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n\n@phdthesis{brischke_untersuchung_2007,\n\ttype = {Dissertation},\n\ttitle = {Untersuchung abbaubestimmender {Faktoren} zur {Vorhersage} der {Gebrauchsdauer} feuchtebeanspruchter {Holzbauteile}},\n\tlanguage = {de},\n\tschool = {Hamburg},\n\tauthor = {Brischke, Christian},\n\tyear = {2007},\n\tfile = {Brischke - 2007 - Untersuchung abbaubestimmender Faktoren zur Vorher.pdf:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\maicher\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\8FV27THM\\\\Brischke - 2007 - Untersuchung abbaubestimmender Faktoren zur Vorher.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n\n\n
\n\n \n \n 2006\n \n \n (1)\n \n \n
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\n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Biozidfreier Holzschutz mit Ölen und Wachsen.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Brischke, C.; Welzbacher, C.; Rapp, A. O.; and Bollmus, S.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Holz-Zentralblatt, 132: 206–208. 2006.\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n\n@article{brischke_biozidfreier_2006,\n\ttitle = {Biozidfreier {Holzschutz} mit Ölen und {Wachsen}},\n\tvolume = {132},\n\tshorttitle = {Biozidfreier {Holzschutz} mit Ölen und {Wachsen}},\n\tjournal = {Holz-Zentralblatt},\n\tauthor = {Brischke, C. and Welzbacher, C. and Rapp, A. O. and Bollmus, S.},\n\tyear = {2006},\n\tpages = {206--208},\n}\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n\n \n \n 2005\n \n \n (1)\n \n \n
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\n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Hydrophobierung von Holz - Erfahrungen nach 7 Jahren Freilandtests.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Rapp, A.; Berninghausen, C.; Bollmus, S.; Brischke, C.; Frick, T.; Haas, T.; Sailer, M.; and Welzbacher, C.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In pages 157–169, April 2005. Deutsche Gesellschaft für Holzforschung (DGfH)\n \n\n\n\n
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\n\n\n\n@inproceedings{rapp_hydrophobierung_2005,\n\ttitle = {Hydrophobierung von {Holz} - {Erfahrungen} nach 7 {Jahren} {Freilandtests}},\n\tshorttitle = {Hydrophobierung von {Holz} - {Erfahrungen} nach 7 {Jahren} {Freilandtests}},\n\tpublisher = {Deutsche Gesellschaft für Holzforschung (DGfH)},\n\tauthor = {Rapp, A. and Berninghausen, C. and Bollmus, S. and Brischke, C. and Frick, T. and Haas, T. and Sailer, M. and Welzbacher, C.},\n\tmonth = apr,\n\tyear = {2005},\n\tpages = {157--169},\n\tfile = {17_Hydrophobierung von Holz - Erfahrungen nach 7 Jahren Freilandtests:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\maicher\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\PGU5DERZ\\\\17_Hydrophobierung von Holz - Erfahrungen nach 7 Jahren Freilandtests.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n\n