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\n  \n 2024\n \n \n (3)\n \n \n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Basalt grid reinforcement of cement-bonded particleboards.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Mayer, A. K.; and Mai, C.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Construction and Building Materials, 410: 134168. January 2024.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n \"BasaltPaper\n  \n \n\n \n \n doi\n  \n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@article{mayer_basalt_2024,\n\ttitle = {Basalt grid reinforcement of cement-bonded particleboards},\n\tvolume = {410},\n\tissn = {09500618},\n\turl = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0950061823038862},\n\tdoi = {10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2023.134168},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\turldate = {2024-03-14},\n\tjournal = {Construction and Building Materials},\n\tauthor = {Mayer, Aaron Kilian and Mai, Carsten},\n\tmonth = jan,\n\tyear = {2024},\n\tpages = {134168},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Basalt grid reinforcement of wood-based panels.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Mayer, A. K.; and Mai, C.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n European Journal of Wood and Wood Products. January 2024.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n \"BasaltPaper\n  \n \n\n \n \n doi\n  \n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@article{mayer_basalt_2024-1,\n\ttitle = {Basalt grid reinforcement of wood-based panels},\n\tissn = {0018-3768, 1436-736X},\n\turl = {https://link.springer.com/10.1007/s00107-023-02040-4},\n\tdoi = {10.1007/s00107-023-02040-4},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\turldate = {2024-03-14},\n\tjournal = {European Journal of Wood and Wood Products},\n\tauthor = {Mayer, Aaron Kilian and Mai, Carsten},\n\tmonth = jan,\n\tyear = {2024},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Surface modification of basalt used for reinforcement of wood-based panels.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Mayer, A. K.; Vellguth, N.; Brinker, S.; Sauerbier, P.; and Mai, C.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Progress in Organic Coatings, 190: 108388. 2024.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n \"SurfacePaper\n  \n \n\n \n \n doi\n  \n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n  \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@article{mayer_surface_2024,\n\ttitle = {Surface modification of basalt used for reinforcement of wood-based panels},\n\tvolume = {190},\n\tissn = {0300-9440},\n\turl = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0300944024001802},\n\tdoi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.porgcoat.2024.108388},\n\tabstract = {Adding reticulated basalt fibres to wood-based panels as reinforcing materials can improve their strength-to-weight ratio and thus increase their material efficiency. This study investigates the effect of different surface modifications of basalt fibres on the adhesion with binders commonly used in the wood-based panel industry. The surface coatings used were an acrylate polymer, an ureido-silane and a combination of both in conjunction with urea-formaldehyde (UF), melamine-urea-formaldehyde (MUF), phenol-formaldehyde (PF), phenol-melamine-formaldehyde (PMF) and isocyanate-based prepolymer (pMDI) resins. The determination of the wide-width tensile strengths and peel resistance of a basalt plain weave showed that the combination coating increased the tensile strengths the most (107 kN m−1) and the adhesion with pMDI was the most effective (2.0 N mm−1). Scanning electron microscopy combined with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy revealed that the higher strengths might be due to the quality of the coating.},\n\tjournal = {Progress in Organic Coatings},\n\tauthor = {Mayer, Aaron Kilian and Vellguth, Natalie and Brinker, Sascha and Sauerbier, Philipp and Mai, Carsten},\n\tyear = {2024},\n\tkeywords = {Basalt fibres, Coatings, Reinforcement, Ureido-silane},\n\tpages = {108388},\n}\n
\n
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\n Adding reticulated basalt fibres to wood-based panels as reinforcing materials can improve their strength-to-weight ratio and thus increase their material efficiency. This study investigates the effect of different surface modifications of basalt fibres on the adhesion with binders commonly used in the wood-based panel industry. The surface coatings used were an acrylate polymer, an ureido-silane and a combination of both in conjunction with urea-formaldehyde (UF), melamine-urea-formaldehyde (MUF), phenol-formaldehyde (PF), phenol-melamine-formaldehyde (PMF) and isocyanate-based prepolymer (pMDI) resins. The determination of the wide-width tensile strengths and peel resistance of a basalt plain weave showed that the combination coating increased the tensile strengths the most (107 kN m−1) and the adhesion with pMDI was the most effective (2.0 N mm−1). Scanning electron microscopy combined with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy revealed that the higher strengths might be due to the quality of the coating.\n
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\n  \n 2023\n \n \n (3)\n \n \n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Effect of Citric Acid on the Properties of Sapwood of Pinus sylvestris Submitted to Thermomechanical Treatment.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Crisostomo, M.; Menezzi, C. D.; Militz, H.; Kurkowiak, K.; Mayer, A.; Carvalho, L.; and Martins, J.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Forests, 14(9): 1839. 2023.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n doi\n  \n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n  \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@article{crisostomo_effect_2023,\n\ttitle = {Effect of {Citric} {Acid} on the {Properties} of {Sapwood} of {Pinus} sylvestris {Submitted} to {Thermomechanical} {Treatment}},\n\tvolume = {14},\n\tdoi = {doi.org/10.3390/f14091839},\n\tabstract = {The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of citric acid on the properties of solid pine wood, which were submitted to thermomechanical treatment. A preliminary test was performed in a previous study to evaluate the influence of different temperatures of pressing and concentrations of citric acid on the physical properties of wood. After choosing the best treatments (170 ◦C and 5\\% and 10\\% of citric acid), the effect of these on the chemical properties (SEM, FTIR and pH); on the density profile using an X-ray microtomography and on the resistance to aging through an abrasion test were evaluated. The result of the chemical analysis showed an increase of the presence of ester functional groups, as well as better coverage and higher acidity of the surface. The density profile technique allowed us to observe the formation of peaks of density on the surface where the acid was applied. Lastly, it was also possible to verify an increase in the resistance to abrasions because of the application of citric acid.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {9},\n\tjournal = {Forests},\n\tauthor = {Crisostomo, Matheus and Menezzi, Cláudio Del and Militz, Holger and Kurkowiak, Katarzyna and Mayer, Aaron and Carvalho, Luisa and Martins, Jorge},\n\tyear = {2023},\n\tpages = {1839},\n\tfile = {Crisostomo et al. - 2023 - Effect of Citric Acid on the Properties of Sapwood.pdf:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\IJFTSYWZ\\\\Crisostomo et al. - 2023 - Effect of Citric Acid on the Properties of Sapwood.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of citric acid on the properties of solid pine wood, which were submitted to thermomechanical treatment. A preliminary test was performed in a previous study to evaluate the influence of different temperatures of pressing and concentrations of citric acid on the physical properties of wood. After choosing the best treatments (170 ◦C and 5% and 10% of citric acid), the effect of these on the chemical properties (SEM, FTIR and pH); on the density profile using an X-ray microtomography and on the resistance to aging through an abrasion test were evaluated. The result of the chemical analysis showed an increase of the presence of ester functional groups, as well as better coverage and higher acidity of the surface. The density profile technique allowed us to observe the formation of peaks of density on the surface where the acid was applied. Lastly, it was also possible to verify an increase in the resistance to abrasions because of the application of citric acid.\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Enhancement of physico-mechanical properties of geopolymer particleboards through the use of seagrass fibers.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Kuqo, A.; Mayer, A. K.; Amiandamhen, S. O.; Adamopoulos, S.; and Mai, C.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Construction and Building Materials, 374: 130889. April 2023.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n \"EnhancementPaper\n  \n \n\n \n \n doi\n  \n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n  \n \n 1 download\n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@article{kuqo_enhancement_2023,\n\ttitle = {Enhancement of physico-mechanical properties of geopolymer particleboards through the use of seagrass fibers},\n\tvolume = {374},\n\tissn = {09500618},\n\turl = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0950061823006013},\n\tdoi = {10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2023.130889},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\turldate = {2023-03-13},\n\tjournal = {Construction and Building Materials},\n\tauthor = {Kuqo, Aldi and Mayer, Aaron Kilian and Amiandamhen, Stephen O. and Adamopoulos, Stergios and Mai, Carsten},\n\tmonth = apr,\n\tyear = {2023},\n\tpages = {130889},\n\tfile = {Kuqo et al. - 2023 - Enhancement of physico-mechanical properties of ge.pdf:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\3JZC6GCC\\\\Kuqo et al. - 2023 - Enhancement of physico-mechanical properties of ge.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Effect of Citric Acid on the Properties of Sapwood of Pinus sylvestris Submitted to Thermomechanical Treatment.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Crisostomo, M.; Del Menezzi, C.; Militz, H.; Kurkowiak, K.; Mayer, A.; Carvalho, L.; and Martins, J.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Forests, 14(9): 1839. September 2023.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n \"EffectPaper\n  \n \n\n \n \n doi\n  \n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n  \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
\n
@article{crisostomo_effect_2023-1,\n\ttitle = {Effect of {Citric} {Acid} on the {Properties} of {Sapwood} of {Pinus} sylvestris {Submitted} to {Thermomechanical} {Treatment}},\n\tvolume = {14},\n\tissn = {1999-4907},\n\turl = {https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4907/14/9/1839},\n\tdoi = {10.3390/f14091839},\n\tabstract = {The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of citric acid on the properties of solid pine wood, which were submitted to thermomechanical treatment. A preliminary test was performed in a previous study to evaluate the influence of different temperatures of pressing and concentrations of citric acid on the physical properties of wood. After choosing the best treatments (170 °C and 5\\% and 10\\% of citric acid), the effect of these on the chemical properties (SEM, FTIR and pH); on the density profile using an X-ray microtomography and on the resistance to aging through an abrasion test were evaluated. The result of the chemical analysis showed an increase of the presence of ester functional groups, as well as better coverage and higher acidity of the surface. The density profile technique allowed us to observe the formation of peaks of density on the surface where the acid was applied. Lastly, it was also possible to verify an increase in the resistance to abrasions because of the application of citric acid.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {9},\n\turldate = {2024-03-14},\n\tjournal = {Forests},\n\tauthor = {Crisostomo, Matheus and Del Menezzi, Cláudio and Militz, Holger and Kurkowiak, Katarzyna and Mayer, Aaron and Carvalho, Luisa and Martins, Jorge},\n\tmonth = sep,\n\tyear = {2023},\n\tpages = {1839},\n}\n\n
\n
\n\n\n
\n The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of citric acid on the properties of solid pine wood, which were submitted to thermomechanical treatment. A preliminary test was performed in a previous study to evaluate the influence of different temperatures of pressing and concentrations of citric acid on the physical properties of wood. After choosing the best treatments (170 °C and 5% and 10% of citric acid), the effect of these on the chemical properties (SEM, FTIR and pH); on the density profile using an X-ray microtomography and on the resistance to aging through an abrasion test were evaluated. The result of the chemical analysis showed an increase of the presence of ester functional groups, as well as better coverage and higher acidity of the surface. The density profile technique allowed us to observe the formation of peaks of density on the surface where the acid was applied. Lastly, it was also possible to verify an increase in the resistance to abrasions because of the application of citric acid.\n
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\n  \n 2022\n \n \n (5)\n \n \n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Seagrass- and wood-based cement boards: A comparative study in terms of physico-mechanical and structural properties.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Kilian Mayer, A.; Kuqo, A.; Koddenberg, T.; and Mai, C.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing, 156: 106864. May 2022.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n \"Seagrass-Paper\n  \n \n\n \n \n doi\n  \n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@article{kilian_mayer_seagrass-_2022,\n\ttitle = {Seagrass- and wood-based cement boards: {A} comparative study in terms of physico-mechanical and structural properties},\n\tvolume = {156},\n\tissn = {1359835X},\n\tshorttitle = {Seagrass- and wood-based cement boards},\n\turl = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1359835X22000586},\n\tdoi = {10.1016/j.compositesa.2022.106864},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\turldate = {2023-05-30},\n\tjournal = {Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing},\n\tauthor = {Kilian Mayer, Aaron and Kuqo, Aldi and Koddenberg, Tim and Mai, Carsten},\n\tmonth = may,\n\tyear = {2022},\n\tpages = {106864},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Loofah Sandwich Panels: The Effect of Adhesive Content on Mechanical and Physical Properties.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Köhler, R.; Jurisch, M.; Mayer, A. K.; Mai, C.; and Viöl, W.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Materials, 15(20): 7129. October 2022.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n \"LoofahPaper\n  \n \n\n \n \n doi\n  \n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n  \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@article{kohler_loofah_2022,\n\ttitle = {Loofah {Sandwich} {Panels}: {The} {Effect} of {Adhesive} {Content} on {Mechanical} and {Physical} {Properties}},\n\tvolume = {15},\n\tissn = {1996-1944},\n\tshorttitle = {Loofah {Sandwich} {Panels}},\n\turl = {https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/15/20/7129},\n\tdoi = {10.3390/ma15207129},\n\tabstract = {In the development of new materials, the focus nowadays is increasingly on their relevance with regard to lightweight construction or environmental compatibility. The idea of a lightweight sandwich panel was inspired by an increasing number of cosmetic accessories that use the fibers of the loofah plant, a rapidly renewable, light, fibrous raw material. The aim of the study was to develop a fiber composite panel based on the fibers of the loofah plant (Luffa cylindrica) as core material and wooden veneer as the skin layer to be used in areas of lead construction. Three different panel variations were produced for the tests, with a fiber–adhesive ratio between 1:1.05, 1:0.8, and 1:0.5. The mechanical strength (flexural strength and internal bond) and the physical properties (density and thickness swelling) were determined as a function of the fiber–adhesive composition. The results show that the flexural strength increased by approx. 400\\% and the thickness swelling was reduced by 10\\% with increasing adhesive quantity.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {20},\n\turldate = {2023-05-30},\n\tjournal = {Materials},\n\tauthor = {Köhler, Robert and Jurisch, Marvin and Mayer, Aaron Kilian and Mai, Carsten and Viöl, Wolfgang},\n\tmonth = oct,\n\tyear = {2022},\n\tpages = {7129},\n\tfile = {Volltext:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\TLSBAW7X\\\\Köhler et al. - 2022 - Loofah Sandwich Panels The Effect of Adhesive Con.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n In the development of new materials, the focus nowadays is increasingly on their relevance with regard to lightweight construction or environmental compatibility. The idea of a lightweight sandwich panel was inspired by an increasing number of cosmetic accessories that use the fibers of the loofah plant, a rapidly renewable, light, fibrous raw material. The aim of the study was to develop a fiber composite panel based on the fibers of the loofah plant (Luffa cylindrica) as core material and wooden veneer as the skin layer to be used in areas of lead construction. Three different panel variations were produced for the tests, with a fiber–adhesive ratio between 1:1.05, 1:0.8, and 1:0.5. The mechanical strength (flexural strength and internal bond) and the physical properties (density and thickness swelling) were determined as a function of the fiber–adhesive composition. The results show that the flexural strength increased by approx. 400% and the thickness swelling was reduced by 10% with increasing adhesive quantity.\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Self-locking of finger joints - Influence of density and moisture content.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Stolze, H.; Trautwein, J.; Mayer, A. K.; Theis, V.; Bollmus, S.; and Militz, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In Hardwood Conference Proceedings, pages 317–323, Sopron, Hungary, 2022. University of Sopron Press\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@inproceedings{stolze_self-locking_2022,\n\taddress = {Sopron, Hungary},\n\ttitle = {Self-locking of finger joints - {Influence} of density and moisture content},\n\tisbn = {978-963-334-446-0},\n\tlanguage = {EN},\n\tbooktitle = {Hardwood {Conference} {Proceedings}},\n\tpublisher = {University of Sopron Press},\n\tauthor = {Stolze, Hannes and Trautwein, Jan-Frederik and Mayer, Aaron Kilan and Theis, Viorica and Bollmus, Susanne and Militz, Holger},\n\tyear = {2022},\n\tpages = {317--323},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Compression of Acetylated Beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) Laminated Veneer Lumber (LVL).\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Slabohm, M.; Mayer, A. K.; and Militz, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Forests, 13(7): 1122. July 2022.\n Number: 7 Publisher: Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n \"CompressionPaper\n  \n \n\n \n \n doi\n  \n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n  \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@article{slabohm_compression_2022,\n\ttitle = {Compression of {Acetylated} {Beech} ({Fagus} sylvatica {L}.) {Laminated} {Veneer} {Lumber} ({LVL})},\n\tvolume = {13},\n\tcopyright = {http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/},\n\tissn = {1999-4907},\n\turl = {https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4907/13/7/1122},\n\tdoi = {10.3390/f13071122},\n\tabstract = {Acetylation with acetic anhydride is well known to improve the dimensional stability and durability of wood. Veneer is appealing for acetylation because of its thin thickness, which supports a complete and even impregnation of difficult-to-treat wood species, such as beech (Fagus sylvatica L.). Unlike resin-based veneer impregnation, acetylated veneer does not require any additional curing. As a result, veneer properties are already altered prior to bonding. The compression thickness reduction in acetylated beech veneer during the manufacturing of laminated veneer lumber (LVL) utilizing 1, 3, and 6 MPa at 150 °C for 30 min is investigated in this study. The results show that acetylated beech veneer is considerably less compressible than the references. Moreover, the density of acetylated LVL at low pressure (1 MPa) is similar to the one of references, even though the compressibility is much lower. This is due to the added acetyl groups after acetylation. The reduction in compressibility is most likely caused due to a decrease in moisture content (MC) and its accompanied mechanisms.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {7},\n\turldate = {2022-07-28},\n\tjournal = {Forests},\n\tauthor = {Slabohm, Maik and Mayer, Aaron Kilian and Militz, Holger},\n\tmonth = jul,\n\tyear = {2022},\n\tnote = {Number: 7\nPublisher: Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute},\n\tkeywords = {wood modification, acetylation, laminated veneer lumber (LVL), compression, densification},\n\tpages = {1122},\n\tfile = {Full Text PDF:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\5YY3625Y\\\\Slabohm et al. - 2022 - Compression of Acetylated Beech (Fagus sylvatica L.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n Acetylation with acetic anhydride is well known to improve the dimensional stability and durability of wood. Veneer is appealing for acetylation because of its thin thickness, which supports a complete and even impregnation of difficult-to-treat wood species, such as beech (Fagus sylvatica L.). Unlike resin-based veneer impregnation, acetylated veneer does not require any additional curing. As a result, veneer properties are already altered prior to bonding. The compression thickness reduction in acetylated beech veneer during the manufacturing of laminated veneer lumber (LVL) utilizing 1, 3, and 6 MPa at 150 °C for 30 min is investigated in this study. The results show that acetylated beech veneer is considerably less compressible than the references. Moreover, the density of acetylated LVL at low pressure (1 MPa) is similar to the one of references, even though the compressibility is much lower. This is due to the added acetyl groups after acetylation. The reduction in compressibility is most likely caused due to a decrease in moisture content (MC) and its accompanied mechanisms.\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Investigations of the Chemical Distribution in Sorbitol and Citric Acid (SorCA) Treated Wood—Development of a Quality Control Method on the Basis of Electromagnetic Radiation.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Kurkowiak, K.; Mayer, A. K; Emmerich, L.; and Militz, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n ,15. 2022.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n  \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@article{kurkowiak_investigations_2022,\n\ttitle = {Investigations of the {Chemical} {Distribution} in {Sorbitol} and {Citric} {Acid} ({SorCA}) {Treated} {Wood}—{Development} of a {Quality} {Control} {Method} on the {Basis} of {Electromagnetic} {Radiation}},\n\tabstract = {Recent studies showed treatments with sorbitol and citric acid (SorCA) to significantly improve the dimensional stability and biological durability of wood. The industrialization of this process requires a quality control (QC) method to determine if the fixated chemicals are homogenously distributed within the piece of wood, which is essential for uniform material performance. Therefore, the objective of this work was to evaluate the use of common electromagnetic radiation-based methods to determine the degree of modification in SorCA-treated wood. Both Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy have been used to create rough calibrations for the weight percent gain (WPG) prediction models. The FTIR measurements resulted in a high linear correlation between the band area ratio (BAR) and the WPG (R2 = 0.93). Additionally, a partial least square (PLS) regression of NIR spectroscopic data resulted in a model with a high prediction power (R2 = 0.83). Furthermore, X-ray density profiling emerged as a simple alternative for the QC by showing a gradient of modification chemicals inside the sample and differences in chemical uptake between earlywood and latewood. Overall, it can be concluded that the results from FTIR, NIR and X-ray densitometry can serve as indicators of impregnation chemical distribution in SorCA-modified wood.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tauthor = {Kurkowiak, Katarzyna and Mayer, Aaron K and Emmerich, Lukas and Militz, Holger},\n\tyear = {2022},\n\tpages = {15},\n\tfile = {Kurkowiak et al. - 2022 - Investigations of the Chemical Distribution in Sor.pdf:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\Q7GF27L7\\\\Kurkowiak et al. - 2022 - Investigations of the Chemical Distribution in Sor.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n Recent studies showed treatments with sorbitol and citric acid (SorCA) to significantly improve the dimensional stability and biological durability of wood. The industrialization of this process requires a quality control (QC) method to determine if the fixated chemicals are homogenously distributed within the piece of wood, which is essential for uniform material performance. Therefore, the objective of this work was to evaluate the use of common electromagnetic radiation-based methods to determine the degree of modification in SorCA-treated wood. Both Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy have been used to create rough calibrations for the weight percent gain (WPG) prediction models. The FTIR measurements resulted in a high linear correlation between the band area ratio (BAR) and the WPG (R2 = 0.93). Additionally, a partial least square (PLS) regression of NIR spectroscopic data resulted in a model with a high prediction power (R2 = 0.83). Furthermore, X-ray density profiling emerged as a simple alternative for the QC by showing a gradient of modification chemicals inside the sample and differences in chemical uptake between earlywood and latewood. Overall, it can be concluded that the results from FTIR, NIR and X-ray densitometry can serve as indicators of impregnation chemical distribution in SorCA-modified wood.\n
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\n  \n 2021\n \n \n (1)\n \n \n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Initial Quality Control Trials of Sorbitol and Citric Acid (SorCA) Modified Wood.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Kurkowiak, K.; Mayer, A. K.; Emmerich, L.; and Militz, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In Proceedings of the 17th annual meeting of the Northern European Network for Wood Science and Engineering (WSE 2021), pages 19–21, Kaunas, Lithuania, October 2021. \n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@inproceedings{kurkowiak_initial_2021,\n\taddress = {Kaunas, Lithuania},\n\ttitle = {Initial {Quality} {Control} {Trials} of {Sorbitol} and {Citric} {Acid} ({SorCA}) {Modified} {Wood}},\n\tisbn = {978-609-02-1762-7},\n\tlanguage = {EN},\n\tbooktitle = {Proceedings of the 17th annual meeting of the {Northern} {European} {Network} for {Wood} {Science} and {Engineering} ({WSE} 2021)},\n\tauthor = {Kurkowiak, Katarzyna and Mayer, Aaron Kilian and Emmerich, Lukas and Militz, Holger},\n\tmonth = oct,\n\tyear = {2021},\n\tpages = {19--21},\n}\n\n
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\n  \n 2020\n \n \n (2)\n \n \n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Fire Retardant Treatment of Wood – State of the Art and Future Perspectives.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Sauerbier, P.; Mayer, A. K.; Emmerich, L.; and Militz, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In Makovicka Osvaldova, L.; Markert, F.; and Zelinka, S. L., editor(s), Wood & Fire Safety, pages 97–102. Springer International Publishing, Cham, Switzerland, 2020.\n \n\n\n\n
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@incollection{sauerbier_fire_2020,\n\taddress = {Cham, Switzerland},\n\ttitle = {Fire {Retardant} {Treatment} of {Wood} – {State} of the {Art} and {Future} {Perspectives}},\n\tisbn = {978-3-030-41235-7},\n\tabstract = {Outdoor and indoor exposed wooden structures are prone to the hazard of fire. Thisr is often inevitable and hardly avoidable by factors such as the design. However, wood is widely used as a structural element in buildings, it is present all-over public places and the main source for indoor furniture. Thus, and due to recent incidents, the demand for an effective and leaching-resistant fire protection is rising. In addition, fire protection technologies are desired, which survive mechanical processing. Considering the latter, protective surface coatings show a high fire protection, while on opposite they are very sensitive to mechanical damages. Therefore, various approaches based on a full impregnation of timber with fire retardants have been studied. In the past aluminum, boron, halogens (e.g. bromine) and more recently phosphorus and nitrogen, were shown to be effective fire retardants in wood. Nowadays, most conventional fire retardant systems are halogen-free, while boron is still used. However, boron shows a low resistance to leaching and is classified as a SVHC candidate, which brings up health and environmental issues. The same is true for formaldehyde. Concerning environmental issues, nitrogen and phosphorus were found to be promising alternatives and highly effective fire retardants. Leaching in service was slightly reduced compared to boron but a decrease in strength properties was detected after treatment of wood with those compounds. In general, an increased hygroscopicity of wood was found after any of the listed treatments, together with a leaching of the flame-retardant chemical which was still too high to guarantee a long-term fire protection in wood exposed outside. The overall aim of this study is to (1) give an overview about the past developments and most established fire retardant chemicals and (2) review recent findings and developments in terms of permanent fire retardant treatments of wood.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tbooktitle = {Wood \\& {Fire} {Safety}},\n\tpublisher = {Springer International Publishing},\n\tauthor = {Sauerbier, Philipp and Mayer, Aaron Kilian and Emmerich, Lukas and Militz, Holger},\n\teditor = {Makovicka Osvaldova, Linda and Markert, Frank and Zelinka, Samuel L.},\n\tyear = {2020},\n\tkeywords = {Chemical wood modification, Fire retardant, Impregnation, Review},\n\tpages = {97--102},\n\tfile = {Sauerbier et al. - 2020 - Fire Retardant Treatment of Wood – State of the Ar.pdf:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\BMWPFQVP\\\\Sauerbier et al. - 2020 - Fire Retardant Treatment of Wood – State of the Ar.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n Outdoor and indoor exposed wooden structures are prone to the hazard of fire. Thisr is often inevitable and hardly avoidable by factors such as the design. However, wood is widely used as a structural element in buildings, it is present all-over public places and the main source for indoor furniture. Thus, and due to recent incidents, the demand for an effective and leaching-resistant fire protection is rising. In addition, fire protection technologies are desired, which survive mechanical processing. Considering the latter, protective surface coatings show a high fire protection, while on opposite they are very sensitive to mechanical damages. Therefore, various approaches based on a full impregnation of timber with fire retardants have been studied. In the past aluminum, boron, halogens (e.g. bromine) and more recently phosphorus and nitrogen, were shown to be effective fire retardants in wood. Nowadays, most conventional fire retardant systems are halogen-free, while boron is still used. However, boron shows a low resistance to leaching and is classified as a SVHC candidate, which brings up health and environmental issues. The same is true for formaldehyde. Concerning environmental issues, nitrogen and phosphorus were found to be promising alternatives and highly effective fire retardants. Leaching in service was slightly reduced compared to boron but a decrease in strength properties was detected after treatment of wood with those compounds. In general, an increased hygroscopicity of wood was found after any of the listed treatments, together with a leaching of the flame-retardant chemical which was still too high to guarantee a long-term fire protection in wood exposed outside. The overall aim of this study is to (1) give an overview about the past developments and most established fire retardant chemicals and (2) review recent findings and developments in terms of permanent fire retardant treatments of wood.\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Use of basalt scrim to enhance mechanical properties of particleboards.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Kramár, S.; Mayer, A. K.; Schöpper, C.; and Mai, C.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Construction and Building Materials, 238: 117769. March 2020.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n \"UsePaper\n  \n \n\n \n \n doi\n  \n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n  \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n  \n \n 1 download\n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@article{kramar_use_2020,\n\ttitle = {Use of basalt scrim to enhance mechanical properties of particleboards},\n\tvolume = {238},\n\tissn = {09500618},\n\turl = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0950061819332222},\n\tdoi = {10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2019.117769},\n\tabstract = {The particleboard (PB) industry faces a high demand for light, low-cost panels of specific mechanical properties. This may be hard to fulfil because the density and strength of wood are linearly correlated. Use of proper materials and composition, however, may result in panels of a high strength-to-weightratio. This allows saving raw wood and energy as the strengthened PB is useful for high-load-bearing application. A promising reinforcing material are basalt fibres. In this study, basalt fibres in the form of a scrim provided reinforcement inside the PB panel. The scrim used had an area weight of 360 gÁmÀ2. Four compositions of 18 mm thick PBs and 640 kgÁmÀ3 target density were produced using melamineurea-formaldehyde (MUF) resin as the binder. Basalt scrims were positioned in the core, between the core and surface and in between both surface layers. The scrim used was either dry or additionally impregnated with MUF resin. The best variant proved to be the impregnated scrim placed in the middle of both surface layers. Its modulus of rupture (MOR) and modulus of elasticity (MOE) increased by 119 and 85\\% compared to the control panels, respectively. The setup also improved internal bond strength, screw withdrawal resistance and thickness swelling. Thus, basalt scrims at the outer positions significantly enhance the strength-to-weight-ratio of PBs.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\turldate = {2019-12-19},\n\tjournal = {Construction and Building Materials},\n\tauthor = {Kramár, Samuel and Mayer, Aaron Kilian and Schöpper, Christian and Mai, Carsten},\n\tmonth = mar,\n\tyear = {2020},\n\tpages = {117769},\n\tfile = {Kramár et al. - 2020 - Use of basalt scrim to enhance mechanical properti.pdf:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\XPBADR8V\\\\Kramár et al. - 2020 - Use of basalt scrim to enhance mechanical properti.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n The particleboard (PB) industry faces a high demand for light, low-cost panels of specific mechanical properties. This may be hard to fulfil because the density and strength of wood are linearly correlated. Use of proper materials and composition, however, may result in panels of a high strength-to-weightratio. This allows saving raw wood and energy as the strengthened PB is useful for high-load-bearing application. A promising reinforcing material are basalt fibres. In this study, basalt fibres in the form of a scrim provided reinforcement inside the PB panel. The scrim used had an area weight of 360 gÁmÀ2. Four compositions of 18 mm thick PBs and 640 kgÁmÀ3 target density were produced using melamineurea-formaldehyde (MUF) resin as the binder. Basalt scrims were positioned in the core, between the core and surface and in between both surface layers. The scrim used was either dry or additionally impregnated with MUF resin. The best variant proved to be the impregnated scrim placed in the middle of both surface layers. Its modulus of rupture (MOR) and modulus of elasticity (MOE) increased by 119 and 85% compared to the control panels, respectively. The setup also improved internal bond strength, screw withdrawal resistance and thickness swelling. Thus, basalt scrims at the outer positions significantly enhance the strength-to-weight-ratio of PBs.\n
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\n  \n 2018\n \n \n (2)\n \n \n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Recovering fibres from fibreboards for wood polymer composites (WPC) production.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Bütün, F. Y.; Mayer, A. K.; Ostendorf, K.; Gröne, O. E.; Krause, K. C.; Schöpper, C.; Mertens, O.; Krause, A.; and Mai, C.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n International Wood Products Journal,1–8. April 2018.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n \"RecoveringPaper\n  \n \n\n \n \n doi\n  \n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n  \n \n 1 download\n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@article{butun_recovering_2018,\n\ttitle = {Recovering fibres from fibreboards for wood polymer composites ({WPC}) production},\n\tissn = {2042-6445, 2042-6453},\n\turl = {https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/20426445.2018.1462965},\n\tdoi = {10.1080/20426445.2018.1462965},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\turldate = {2018-04-23},\n\tjournal = {International Wood Products Journal},\n\tauthor = {Bütün, F. Y. and Mayer, A. K. and Ostendorf, K. and Gröne, O. E. and Krause, K. C. and Schöpper, C. and Mertens, O. and Krause, A. and Mai, C.},\n\tmonth = apr,\n\tyear = {2018},\n\tpages = {1--8},\n\tfile = {Bütün et al. - 2018 - Recovering fibres from fibreboards for wood polyme.pdf:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\UIFZ5EDX\\\\Bütün et al. - 2018 - Recovering fibres from fibreboards for wood polyme.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Optimierung von Dämmstoffen auf Holzfaserbasis.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Mayer, A. K.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Technical Report Georg-August University Goettingen, Göttingen, Germany, 2018.\n \n\n\n\n
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@techreport{mayer_optimierung_2018,\n\taddress = {Göttingen, Germany},\n\ttype = {Master thesis},\n\ttitle = {Optimierung von {Dämmstoffen} auf {Holzfaserbasis}},\n\tabstract = {In Zeiten des Klimawandels und der globalen Verknappung von fossilen Rohstoffen wird die Verwendung von erneuerbaren Materialien immer wichtiger. Ein Ziel der nationalen und internationalen Klimapolitik sind klimaneutrale Konzepte im Bausektor und dadurch die Reduktion des Energieverbrauchs und der CO2-Emission für Wohnraumklima. In den letzten 20 Jahren wurde durch die zunehmende Verwendung von Gebäudedämmung der Energieverbrauch um ein Drittel gesenkt. Diese Arbeit behandelt verschiedene Optimierungen im Produktionsprozess von Dämmstoffplatten. Als Rohstoff werden Fasern von drei Holzarten genutzt um Hart- sowie Weichhölzer miteinander zu vergleichen. Des Weiteren wird die Verwendung von zwei verschiedenen Bindemittelsystemen (konventionelles Flüssigbindemittel und Copolyamid-Klebefasern) und Faservorbehandlungen (Faserfraktionierung und die Agglomeration von Faserkugeln) evaluiert. Je Materialvariante wurden drei verschiedene Dichten von Dämmstoffplatten hergestellt und ihre Wärmeleitfähigkeit (DIN EN 12667), physikalisch-mechanischen Eigenschaften (DIN EN 826 und DIN EN 1607) sowie die Wasseraufnahme (DIN EN 1609) ermittelt. Im Vergleich zu den Referenzplatten aus Fichtenfasern wiesen Dämmstoffplatten aus leichteren Holzarten höhere Wärmeleitfähigkeiten auf. Die Verwendung von Co-polyamid-Klebefasern als Bindemittel resultierte in einem Anstieg der Querzugfestigkeit und einer Reduktion der Druckfestigkeit. Die Untersuchung der Faserfraktionen ({\\textless} 1 mm – {\\textgreater} 4 mm) ergaben, dass kleinere Fraktionen eine Erhöhung der physikalisch-mechanischen Eigenschaften sowie eine Reduktion der Wasseraufnahme bewirkten. Im Gegensatz dazu zeigte die Verwendung der Faseragglomerate einen Anstieg der Wärmeleitfähigkeit bei gleichzeitiger Reduktion der physikalisch-mechanischen Eigenschaften. Zusammenfassend zeigt diese Arbeit, dass eine Optimierung von Dämmstoffen aus nachhaltigen Rohstoffen möglich ist. Des Weiteren wurde gezeigt, dass Harthölzer, welche zurzeit eine geringe stoffliche Verwendung finden, als Dämmstoffmaterial genutzt werden können. Die Verwendung von Klebefasern resultierte in einer flexibleren Dämmstoffplatte, wohingegen die Verwendung von kleineren Faserfraktionen die physikalisch-mechanischen Festigkeiten erhöht.},\n\tlanguage = {deutsch},\n\tinstitution = {Georg-August University Goettingen},\n\tauthor = {Mayer, Aaron Kilian},\n\tyear = {2018},\n\tpages = {136},\n\tfile = {Mayer - 2018 - Optimierung von Dämmstoffen auf Holzfaserbasis.pdf:C\\:\\\\Users\\\\Eva\\\\Zotero\\\\storage\\\\H56CYZ6Z\\\\Mayer - 2018 - Optimierung von Dämmstoffen auf Holzfaserbasis.pdf:application/pdf},\n}\n\n
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\n In Zeiten des Klimawandels und der globalen Verknappung von fossilen Rohstoffen wird die Verwendung von erneuerbaren Materialien immer wichtiger. Ein Ziel der nationalen und internationalen Klimapolitik sind klimaneutrale Konzepte im Bausektor und dadurch die Reduktion des Energieverbrauchs und der CO2-Emission für Wohnraumklima. In den letzten 20 Jahren wurde durch die zunehmende Verwendung von Gebäudedämmung der Energieverbrauch um ein Drittel gesenkt. Diese Arbeit behandelt verschiedene Optimierungen im Produktionsprozess von Dämmstoffplatten. Als Rohstoff werden Fasern von drei Holzarten genutzt um Hart- sowie Weichhölzer miteinander zu vergleichen. Des Weiteren wird die Verwendung von zwei verschiedenen Bindemittelsystemen (konventionelles Flüssigbindemittel und Copolyamid-Klebefasern) und Faservorbehandlungen (Faserfraktionierung und die Agglomeration von Faserkugeln) evaluiert. Je Materialvariante wurden drei verschiedene Dichten von Dämmstoffplatten hergestellt und ihre Wärmeleitfähigkeit (DIN EN 12667), physikalisch-mechanischen Eigenschaften (DIN EN 826 und DIN EN 1607) sowie die Wasseraufnahme (DIN EN 1609) ermittelt. Im Vergleich zu den Referenzplatten aus Fichtenfasern wiesen Dämmstoffplatten aus leichteren Holzarten höhere Wärmeleitfähigkeiten auf. Die Verwendung von Co-polyamid-Klebefasern als Bindemittel resultierte in einem Anstieg der Querzugfestigkeit und einer Reduktion der Druckfestigkeit. Die Untersuchung der Faserfraktionen (\\textless 1 mm – \\textgreater 4 mm) ergaben, dass kleinere Fraktionen eine Erhöhung der physikalisch-mechanischen Eigenschaften sowie eine Reduktion der Wasseraufnahme bewirkten. Im Gegensatz dazu zeigte die Verwendung der Faseragglomerate einen Anstieg der Wärmeleitfähigkeit bei gleichzeitiger Reduktion der physikalisch-mechanischen Eigenschaften. Zusammenfassend zeigt diese Arbeit, dass eine Optimierung von Dämmstoffen aus nachhaltigen Rohstoffen möglich ist. Des Weiteren wurde gezeigt, dass Harthölzer, welche zurzeit eine geringe stoffliche Verwendung finden, als Dämmstoffmaterial genutzt werden können. Die Verwendung von Klebefasern resultierte in einer flexibleren Dämmstoffplatte, wohingegen die Verwendung von kleineren Faserfraktionen die physikalisch-mechanischen Festigkeiten erhöht.\n
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