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\n  \n 2020\n \n \n (4)\n \n \n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Making sense of 'religious' texts? Indology, caste, and the study of religion.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n De Roover, J.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In De natura fidei : rethinking religion across disciplinary boundaries. Palgrave Macmillan, 2020.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@InCollection{\t  8602942,\n  author\t= {De Roover, Jakob},\n  booktitle\t= {De natura fidei : rethinking religion across disciplinary\n\t\t  boundaries},\n  language\t= {eng},\n  publisher\t= {Palgrave Macmillan},\n  title\t\t= {Making sense of 'religious' texts? Indology, caste, and\n\t\t  the study of religion},\n  year\t\t= {2020}\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Religion, conversion, and truth : from Europe to India.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Claerhout, S.; and De Roover, J.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In De natura fidei : rethinking religion across disciplinary boundaries. Palgrave Macmillan, 2020.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@InCollection{\t  8602949,\n  author\t= {Claerhout, Sarah and De Roover, Jakob},\n  booktitle\t= {De natura fidei : rethinking religion across disciplinary\n\t\t  boundaries},\n  language\t= {eng},\n  publisher\t= {Palgrave Macmillan},\n  title\t\t= {Religion, conversion, and truth : from Europe to India},\n  year\t\t= {2020}\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n The Brahmin, the Aryan, and the powers of the priestly class : puzzles in the study of Indian religion.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Keppens, M.; and De Roover, J.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n RELIGIONS, 11(4): 19. 2020.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n \"ThePaper\n  \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n  \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n  \n \n 1 download\n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@Article{\t  8658765,\n  abstract\t= {The classical account of the Brahmin priestly class and\n\t\t  its role in Indian religion has seen remarkable continuity\n\t\t  during the past two centuries. Its core claims appear to\n\t\t  remain unaffected, despite the major shifts that occurred\n\t\t  in the theorizing of Indian culture and in the study of\n\t\t  religion. In this article, we first examine the issue of\n\t\t  the power and status of the Brahmin and show how it\n\t\t  generates explanatory puzzles today. We then turn to 18th-\n\t\t  and 19th-century sources to identify the cognitive\n\t\t  conditions which sustained the classical account of the\n\t\t  Brahmin priest and allowed for its transmission. Three\n\t\t  clusters of concepts were crucial here:\n\t\t  Christian-theological ideas concerning heathen priesthood\n\t\t  and idolatry; racial notions of biological and cultural\n\t\t  superiority and inferiority; and anthropological\n\t\t  speculations about ‘primitive man’ and his ‘magical\n\t\t  thinking’. While all three clusters were rejected by\n\t\t  20th- and 21st-century scholarship, the related claims\n\t\t  about Brahmanical ritual power continue to be presented as\n\t\t  facts. What accounts for this peculiar combination of\n\t\t  continuities and discontinuities in the study of (ancient)\n\t\t  Indian religion? We turn to some insights from the\n\t\t  philosophy of science to sketch a route toward answering\n\t\t  this question.},\n  articleno\t= {181},\n  author\t= {Keppens, Marianne and De Roover, Jakob},\n  issn\t\t= {2077-1444},\n  journal\t= {RELIGIONS},\n  keywords\t= {Indian religion,Brahmin,ritual,priesthood,Aryan invasion\n\t\t  theory,magical thinking,homology,Vedism},\n  language\t= {eng},\n  number\t= {4},\n  pages\t\t= {19},\n  title\t\t= {The Brahmin, the Aryan, and the powers of the priestly\n\t\t  class : puzzles in the study of Indian religion},\n  url\t\t= {http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rel11040181},\n  volume\t= {11},\n  year\t\t= {2020}\n}\n\n
\n
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\n The classical account of the Brahmin priestly class and its role in Indian religion has seen remarkable continuity during the past two centuries. Its core claims appear to remain unaffected, despite the major shifts that occurred in the theorizing of Indian culture and in the study of religion. In this article, we first examine the issue of the power and status of the Brahmin and show how it generates explanatory puzzles today. We then turn to 18th- and 19th-century sources to identify the cognitive conditions which sustained the classical account of the Brahmin priest and allowed for its transmission. Three clusters of concepts were crucial here: Christian-theological ideas concerning heathen priesthood and idolatry; racial notions of biological and cultural superiority and inferiority; and anthropological speculations about ‘primitive man’ and his ‘magical thinking’. While all three clusters were rejected by 20th- and 21st-century scholarship, the related claims about Brahmanical ritual power continue to be presented as facts. What accounts for this peculiar combination of continuities and discontinuities in the study of (ancient) Indian religion? We turn to some insights from the philosophy of science to sketch a route toward answering this question.\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n The Vedas : Religious texts of India?.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Keppens, M.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In De natura fidei : rethinking religion across disciplinary boundaries. Palgrave Macmillan, 2020.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@InCollection{\t  8662950,\n  author\t= {Keppens, Marianne},\n  booktitle\t= {De natura fidei : rethinking religion across disciplinary\n\t\t  boundaries},\n  keywords\t= {Rigveda,liturgy,ritual,gods,religious poetry,ancient\n\t\t  India},\n  language\t= {eng},\n  publisher\t= {Palgrave Macmillan},\n  title\t\t= {The Vedas : Religious texts of India?},\n  year\t\t= {2020}\n}\n\n
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\n  \n 2019\n \n \n (3)\n \n \n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n A new school in the study of India?.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n De Roover, J.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n CONTEMPORARY SOUTH ASIA, 27(2): 273–285. 2019.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n \"APaper\n  \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n  \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n  \n \n 1 download\n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@Article{\t  8602938,\n  abstract\t= {By arguing that a new ‘School’ is crystallising in the\n\t\t  study of India, Deborah Sutton (2018) has brought to the\n\t\t  surface phenomena that are typical of any encounter between\n\t\t  competing research traditions. Some difficulties of\n\t\t  understanding are caused by conceptual change: in the\n\t\t  dominant research tradition, ‘Hinduism’ and ‘the\n\t\t  caste system’ refer to structures that exist in Indian\n\t\t  society; in the research programme developed by\n\t\t  Balagangadhara, these terms designate experiential entities\n\t\t  embedded in a western cultural experience of India. This\n\t\t  conceptual divide also extends to the empirical: because\n\t\t  the study of caste and Hinduism is collapsing under the\n\t\t  weight of accumulated anomalies, certain problems are\n\t\t  crucial to the alternative theorising of the Ghent School,\n\t\t  whereas they seem irrelevant to the dominant tradition.\n\t\t  Sutton engages in the polemics characteristic of\n\t\t  confrontations between competing research traditions. She\n\t\t  distorts and domesticates unfamiliar ideas from this School\n\t\t  by mapping them onto notions familiar to her. Consequently,\n\t\t  she confuses Balagangadhara’s hypotheses about colonial\n\t\t  consciousness with hackneyed stories about\n\t\t  ‘Orientalism’. The article concludes with a puzzle: Why\n\t\t  does Sutton recognise a group of researchers as a new\n\t\t  School, while trying to dismiss them as ‘acolytes’ who\n\t\t  reproduce the ‘mantras’ and ‘dogmas’ of an Indian\n\t\t  thinker?},\n  author\t= {De Roover, Jakob},\n  issn\t\t= {0958-4935},\n  journal\t= {CONTEMPORARY SOUTH ASIA},\n  language\t= {eng},\n  number\t= {2},\n  pages\t\t= {273--285},\n  title\t\t= {A new school in the study of India?},\n  url\t\t= "https://drive.google.com/open?id=1ngs1Ducyvnxen9Oaz1hJX-xhUtQxRJqd",\n  volume\t= {27},\n  year\t\t= {2019}\n}\n\n
\n
\n\n\n
\n By arguing that a new ‘School’ is crystallising in the study of India, Deborah Sutton (2018) has brought to the surface phenomena that are typical of any encounter between competing research traditions. Some difficulties of understanding are caused by conceptual change: in the dominant research tradition, ‘Hinduism’ and ‘the caste system’ refer to structures that exist in Indian society; in the research programme developed by Balagangadhara, these terms designate experiential entities embedded in a western cultural experience of India. This conceptual divide also extends to the empirical: because the study of caste and Hinduism is collapsing under the weight of accumulated anomalies, certain problems are crucial to the alternative theorising of the Ghent School, whereas they seem irrelevant to the dominant tradition. Sutton engages in the polemics characteristic of confrontations between competing research traditions. She distorts and domesticates unfamiliar ideas from this School by mapping them onto notions familiar to her. Consequently, she confuses Balagangadhara’s hypotheses about colonial consciousness with hackneyed stories about ‘Orientalism’. The article concludes with a puzzle: Why does Sutton recognise a group of researchers as a new School, while trying to dismiss them as ‘acolytes’ who reproduce the ‘mantras’ and ‘dogmas’ of an Indian thinker?\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Religious freedom and the limits of propagation: conversion in the constituent assembly of India.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Claerhout, S.; and De Roover, J.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n RELIGIONS, 10(3): 24. 2019.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n \"ReligiousPaper\n  \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n  \n \n 1 download\n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@Article{\t  8604636,\n  articleno\t= {157},\n  author\t= {Claerhout, Sarah and De Roover, Jakob},\n  issn\t\t= {2077-1444},\n  journal\t= {RELIGIONS},\n  keywords\t= {freedom of religion,conversion,the right to propagate\n\t\t  religion,India,Constitution of India,Indian\n\t\t  traditions,Christianity},\n  language\t= {eng},\n  number\t= {3},\n  pages\t\t= {24},\n  title\t\t= {Religious freedom and the limits of propagation:\n\t\t  conversion in the constituent assembly of India},\n  url\t\t= {http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rel10030157},\n  volume\t= {10},\n  year\t\t= {2019}\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Religious freedom and cultural asymmetry: some pitfalls of secularism.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n De Roover, J.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n SIKH FORMATIONS - RELIGION CULTURE THEORY, 15(3-4): 476–490. 2019.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n \"ReligiousPaper\n  \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n  \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n  \n \n 1 download\n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@Article{\t  8616477,\n  abstract\t= {Disputes concerning state interference in the religious\n\t\t  practices and traditions of citizens have created uproar in\n\t\t  public debate in India and Europe during the past decades.\n\t\t  The contributors to this colloquium on Europe, India, and\n\t\t  the Limits of Secularism point to the importance of two\n\t\t  domains in addressing these disputes: the comparative study\n\t\t  of court decisions and the budding domain of comparative\n\t\t  political theory. In this response, I discuss several\n\t\t  issues that emerge from these domains and argue that the\n\t\t  problem of cultural asymmetry continues to create major\n\t\t  pitfalls in the debates on secularism and religious\n\t\t  freedom.},\n  author\t= {De Roover, Jakob},\n  issn\t\t= {1744-8727},\n  journal\t= {SIKH FORMATIONS - RELIGION CULTURE THEORY},\n  keywords\t= {Secularism,religious freedom,India,Sabarimala\n\t\t  case,comparative political theory,POLITICAL-THEORY},\n  language\t= {eng},\n  number\t= {3-4},\n  pages\t\t= {476--490},\n  title\t\t= {Religious freedom and cultural asymmetry: some pitfalls\n\t\t  of secularism},\n  url\t\t= {http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17448727.2019.1703517},\n  volume\t= {15},\n  year\t\t= {2019}\n}\n\n
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\n Disputes concerning state interference in the religious practices and traditions of citizens have created uproar in public debate in India and Europe during the past decades. The contributors to this colloquium on Europe, India, and the Limits of Secularism point to the importance of two domains in addressing these disputes: the comparative study of court decisions and the budding domain of comparative political theory. In this response, I discuss several issues that emerge from these domains and argue that the problem of cultural asymmetry continues to create major pitfalls in the debates on secularism and religious freedom.\n
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\n  \n 2017\n \n \n (5)\n \n \n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n A nation of tribes and priests: the Jews and the immorality of the caste system.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n De Roover, J.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In Farek, M.; Jalki, D.; and Pathan, S., editor(s), Western foundations of the Caste system, pages 173–220. Palgrave Macmillan, 2017.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n \"APaper\n  \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n  \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@InCollection{\t  8039178,\n  abstract\t= {In the currently dominant discourse about Indian society,\n\t\t  the caste system appears as an immoral social structure:\n\t\t  its principles represent immoral behaviour as moral\n\t\t  obligation. The chapter raises the question as to how this\n\t\t  inherently implausible conception of the caste system\n\t\t  crystallised in the European understanding of India. It\n\t\t  argues that the Old Testament account of the Jewish nation\n\t\t  and religion became the framework for describing the people\n\t\t  and religion of 'the Gentiles' or 'Hindus' in India. The\n\t\t  Hindus were viewed as a nation divided into a hierarchy of\n\t\t  tribes and united by one religion led by the tribe of the\n\t\t  priesthood. In the course of the nineteenth century,\n\t\t  Protestant authors then came to the conclusion that caste\n\t\t  was a religious institution: dominated by Brahmin priests,\n\t\t  this institution imposed the civil laws of a nation as\n\t\t  religious obligations of divine origin. If we were to\n\t\t  discard the overtly biblical elements from the\n\t\t  nineteenth-century missionary descriptions of Hinduism and\n\t\t  caste, it would become difficult to distinguish them from\n\t\t  the contemporary moral discourse.},\n  author\t= {De Roover, Jakob},\n  booktitle\t= {Western foundations of the Caste system},\n  editor\t= {Farek, Martin, Shah, Prakash and Jalki, Dunkin and Pathan, Sufiya},\n  isbn\t\t= {9783319387604},\n  keywords\t= {religious institution,tribes,nation of Israel,Old\n\t\t  Testament,nation,missionaries,Moses,Manu,Levites,Judaism,lawgiver\n\t\t  (or legislator),Hinduism,Gentile nation,heathen\n\t\t  religion,excommunication,false religion,civil law vs\n\t\t  religious\n\t\t  law,covenant,Christianity,Catholicism,casteless,as a\n\t\t  religious institution),as an immoral social structure,as a\n\t\t  hierarchy of tribes,caste (as a civil\n\t\t  institution,Bible,Brahmins,outcasts,priests,Protestant\n\t\t  Reformation,priesthood,untouchables},\n  language\t= {eng},\n  pages\t\t= {173--220},\n  publisher\t= {Palgrave Macmillan},\n  title\t\t= {A nation of tribes and priests: the Jews and the\n\t\t  immorality of the caste system},\n  url\t\t= {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-38761-1_6},\n  year\t\t= {2017}\n}\n\n
\n
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\n In the currently dominant discourse about Indian society, the caste system appears as an immoral social structure: its principles represent immoral behaviour as moral obligation. The chapter raises the question as to how this inherently implausible conception of the caste system crystallised in the European understanding of India. It argues that the Old Testament account of the Jewish nation and religion became the framework for describing the people and religion of 'the Gentiles' or 'Hindus' in India. The Hindus were viewed as a nation divided into a hierarchy of tribes and united by one religion led by the tribe of the priesthood. In the course of the nineteenth century, Protestant authors then came to the conclusion that caste was a religious institution: dominated by Brahmin priests, this institution imposed the civil laws of a nation as religious obligations of divine origin. If we were to discard the overtly biblical elements from the nineteenth-century missionary descriptions of Hinduism and caste, it would become difficult to distinguish them from the contemporary moral discourse.\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Caste-based reservation and social justice in India.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Balagangadhara, S.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In Farek, M.; Jalki, D.; Pathan, S.; and Shah, P., editor(s), Western foundations of the caste system, pages 31–55. Springer, 2017.\n \n\n\n\n
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@InCollection{\t  8520868,\n  author\t= {Balagangadhara, S.N.},\n  booktitle\t= {Western foundations of the caste system},\n  editor\t= {Farek, Martin and Jalki, Dunkin and Pathan, Sufiya and\n\t\t  Shah, Prakash},\n  isbn\t\t= {978-3-319-38760-4},\n  language\t= {eng},\n  pages\t\t= {31--55},\n  publisher\t= {Springer},\n  title\t\t= {Caste-based reservation and social justice in India},\n  url\t\t= {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-38761-1_2},\n  year\t\t= {2017}\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Indian culture and its social security system.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Balagangadhara, S.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In Rao, V., editor(s), Critical humanities from India : contexts, issues, futures, pages 233–273. Routledge, 2017.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@InCollection{\t  8521069,\n  author\t= {Balagangadhara, S.N.},\n  booktitle\t= {Critical humanities from India : contexts, issues,\n\t\t  futures},\n  editor\t= {Rao, Venkat},\n  isbn\t\t= {9781138743045},\n  language\t= {eng},\n  pages\t\t= {233--273},\n  publisher\t= {Routledge},\n  title\t\t= {Indian culture and its social security system},\n  year\t\t= {2017}\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n The aryans and the ancient system of caste.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Keppens, M.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In Farek, M.; Jalki, D.; Pathan, S.; and Shah, P., editor(s), Western foundations of the caste system, pages 221–251. Palgrave Macmillan, 2017.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n \"ThePaper\n  \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@InCollection{\t  8521639,\n  author\t= {Keppens, Marianne},\n  booktitle\t= {Western foundations of the caste system},\n  editor\t= {Farek, Martin and Jalki, Dunkin and Pathan, Sufiya and\n\t\t  Shah, Prakash},\n  isbn\t\t= {978-3-319-38760-4},\n  language\t= {eng},\n  pages\t\t= {221--251},\n  publisher\t= {Palgrave Macmillan},\n  title\t\t= {The aryans and the ancient system of caste},\n  url\t\t= {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-38761-1},\n  year\t\t= {2017}\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Scheduled Castes vs. Caste Hindus: about a colonial distinction and its legal impact.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n De Roover, J.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n SOCIO-LEGAL REVIEW, 13(1): 22–52. 2017.\n \n\n\n\n
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@Article{\t  8533846,\n  author\t= {De Roover, Jakob},\n  issn\t\t= {0973-5216},\n  journal\t= {SOCIO-LEGAL REVIEW},\n  language\t= {eng},\n  number\t= {1},\n  pages\t\t= {22--52},\n  title\t\t= {Scheduled Castes vs. Caste Hindus: about a colonial\n\t\t  distinction and its legal impact},\n  volume\t= {13},\n  year\t\t= {2017},\n  url\t\t= "http://docs.manupatra.in/newsline/articles/Upload/EC21E34C-5FF4-47B5-B514-5B207FAD075A.-Caste-Hindus-About-a-Colonial-Distinction-and-its-Legal-Impact__MIsc.pdf",\n}\n\n
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\n  \n 2016\n \n \n (3)\n \n \n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n On the road to renaissance.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n De Roover, J.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HINDU STUDIES, 20(3): 373–383. 2016.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n \"OnPaper\n  \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n  \n \n 3 downloads\n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@Article{\t  7137464,\n  author\t= {De Roover, Jakob},\n  issn\t\t= {1022-4556},\n  journal\t= {INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HINDU STUDIES},\n  language\t= {eng},\n  number\t= {3},\n  pages\t\t= {373--383},\n  publisher\t= {Springer},\n  title\t\t= {On the road to renaissance},\n  url\t\t= "https://biblio.ugent.be/publication/7137464/file/7137468.pdf",\n  volume\t= {20},\n  year\t\t= {2016}\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Questioning the Axioms.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Balagangadhara, S.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n 2016.\n \n\n\n\n
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@Misc{\t\t  8527276,\n  author\t= {Balagangadhara, S.N.},\n  language\t= {und},\n  number\t= {21 January 2016},\n  series\t= {The Indian Express},\n  title\t\t= {Questioning the Axioms},\n  year\t\t= {2016},\n  url\t\t= "https://indianexpress.com/article/opinion/columns/questioning-the-axioms/",\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Taking Rohith Vemula Seriously: Blame corruption not caste.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n De Roover, J.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n 2016.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n \"TakingPaper\n  \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n  \n \n 1 download\n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@Misc{\t\t  8527281,\n  author\t= {De Roover, Jakob},\n  language\t= {eng},\n  number\t= {2 February 2016},\n  series\t= {DailyO},\n  title\t\t= {Taking Rohith Vemula Seriously: Blame corruption not caste},\n  year\t\t= {2016},\n  url\t\t= "https://www.dailyo.in/politics/rohith-vemula-hyderabad-university-caste-system-dalit-rahul-gandhi-kejriwal-jnu/story/1/8777.html",\n}\n\n
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\n  \n 2015\n \n \n (19)\n \n \n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Europe, India, and the limits of secularism.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n De Roover, J.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n of Religion and Democracy : Reconceptualizing Religion, Culture, and Politics in a Global ContextOxford University Press, 2015.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n  \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@Book{\t\t  5934730,\n  abstract\t= {For several decades now, commentators have sounded the\n\t\t  alarm about ‘the crisis of secularism’. Saving the\n\t\t  secular state from political religion, they suggest, is a\n\t\t  question of survival for societies characterized by\n\t\t  religious diversity. Yet it remains unclear what the crisis\n\t\t  is all about. This book argues that its roots are internal\n\t\t  to the liberal model of secularism and toleration. Rather\n\t\t  than being neutral or non-religious, this is a secularized\n\t\t  theological model with deep religious roots. The limits of\n\t\t  liberal secularism go back to its emergence from the\n\t\t  inherent dynamics and tensions of the Protestant\n\t\t  Reformation in Europe. From the very beginning, this\n\t\t  political model went hand in hand with its own modes of\n\t\t  intolerance: an anticlerical theology that rejected\n\t\t  Catholicism and Judaism as evil forms of ‘political\n\t\t  religion’. In the name of public order, all religions and\n\t\t  traditions in European societies had to reform themselves\n\t\t  along the lines of a secularized Protestant framework.\n\t\t  Later this normative framework gave rise to the orientalist\n\t\t  and colonial descriptions of ‘Hinduism’ (and its\n\t\t  ‘caste hierarchy’) as a false and immoral religion.\n\t\t  Drawing on these descriptions, secularism was then\n\t\t  presented as the only route forward for India, even though\n\t\t  it often harms local forms of living together and\n\t\t  reinforces conflicts rather than resolving them. Today’s\n\t\t  advocacy of secularism is not the outcome of reasonable\n\t\t  reflection on the problems of Indian society but a\n\t\t  manifestation of a colonial consciousness that blinds us to\n\t\t  cultural realities.},\n  author\t= {De Roover, Jakob},\n  editor\t= {Rathore, Aakash Singh},\n  isbn\t\t= {978-0-19-946097-7},\n  keywords\t= {secularism,India,Europe,religious\n\t\t  toleration,tolerance,religious freedom,freedom of\n\t\t  conscience,secular state,liberalism},\n  language\t= {eng},\n  pages\t\t= {282},\n  publisher\t= {Oxford University Press},\n  series\t= {Religion and Democracy : Reconceptualizing Religion,\n\t\t  Culture, and Politics in a Global Context},\n  title\t\t= {Europe, India, and the limits of secularism},\n  year\t\t= {2015}\n}\n\n
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\n\n\n
\n For several decades now, commentators have sounded the alarm about ‘the crisis of secularism’. Saving the secular state from political religion, they suggest, is a question of survival for societies characterized by religious diversity. Yet it remains unclear what the crisis is all about. This book argues that its roots are internal to the liberal model of secularism and toleration. Rather than being neutral or non-religious, this is a secularized theological model with deep religious roots. The limits of liberal secularism go back to its emergence from the inherent dynamics and tensions of the Protestant Reformation in Europe. From the very beginning, this political model went hand in hand with its own modes of intolerance: an anticlerical theology that rejected Catholicism and Judaism as evil forms of ‘political religion’. In the name of public order, all religions and traditions in European societies had to reform themselves along the lines of a secularized Protestant framework. Later this normative framework gave rise to the orientalist and colonial descriptions of ‘Hinduism’ (and its ‘caste hierarchy’) as a false and immoral religion. Drawing on these descriptions, secularism was then presented as the only route forward for India, even though it often harms local forms of living together and reinforces conflicts rather than resolving them. Today’s advocacy of secularism is not the outcome of reasonable reflection on the problems of Indian society but a manifestation of a colonial consciousness that blinds us to cultural realities.\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n The Caste Connection : on the sacred foundations of social hierarchy.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n De Roover, J.; and Claerhout, S.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n THEATRUM HISTORIAE, 17: 9–36. 2015.\n \n\n\n\n
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@Article{\t  7087576,\n  abstract\t= {Today, some commentators argue that the caste system in\n\t\t  India is founded in Hinduism; others deny this in the case.\n\t\t  This article argues that we do not possess any conceptual\n\t\t  apparatus to address this question today, because it was\n\t\t  originally raised and answered in a Christian-theological\n\t\t  context. The secularization of a Protestant-Christian\n\t\t  notion of false religion gave shape to the European\n\t\t  conception of ‘the caste system’ as an immoral social\n\t\t  hierarchy. Basic theological ideas about the connection\n\t\t  between false religion and social practice were transformed\n\t\t  into topoi of social theorizing, which constituted the\n\t\t  caste system as an experiential entity and conceptual unit\n\t\t  in the Western cultural experience of India.},\n  author\t= {De Roover, Jakob and Claerhout, Sarah},\n  issn\t\t= {1802-2502},\n  journal\t= {THEATRUM HISTORIAE},\n  keywords\t= {Protestantism,hierarchy,Reformation,India,caste\n\t\t  system,Hinduism},\n  language\t= {eng},\n  pages\t\t= {9--36},\n  title\t\t= {The Caste Connection : on the sacred foundations of social\n\t\t  hierarchy},\n  volume\t= {17},\n  year\t\t= {2015},\n  url\t\t= "https://drive.google.com/file/d/1GVX4ZUkItyODKvI3s1Z1EYB6cfudjDHv/view?usp=sharing"\n}\n\n
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\n Today, some commentators argue that the caste system in India is founded in Hinduism; others deny this in the case. This article argues that we do not possess any conceptual apparatus to address this question today, because it was originally raised and answered in a Christian-theological context. The secularization of a Protestant-Christian notion of false religion gave shape to the European conception of ‘the caste system’ as an immoral social hierarchy. Basic theological ideas about the connection between false religion and social practice were transformed into topoi of social theorizing, which constituted the caste system as an experiential entity and conceptual unit in the Western cultural experience of India.\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Indian culture and its social security system.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Balagangadhara, S.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY THOUGHT, (41, Summer Issue): 1–29. 2015.\n \n\n\n\n
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@Article{\t  8520858,\n  author\t= {Balagangadhara, S.N.},\n  issn\t\t= {0971-4731},\n  journal\t= {JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY THOUGHT},\n  language\t= {eng},\n  number\t= {41, Summer Issue},\n  pages\t\t= {1--29},\n  title\t\t= {Indian culture and its social security system},\n  url\t\t= "https://www.academia.edu/5497432/Indian_Culture_and_its_Social_Security_System",\n  year\t\t= {2015}\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n The Aryans and the Ancient System of Caste.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Keppens, M.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n THEATRUM HISTORIAE, 17: 63–90. 2015.\n \n\n\n\n
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@Article{\t  8521636,\n  author\t= {Keppens, Marianne},\n  issn\t\t= {1802-2502},\n  journal\t= {THEATRUM HISTORIAE},\n  language\t= {eng},\n  pages\t\t= {63--90},\n  publisher\t= {Institute of Historical Sciences, Faculty of Arts and\n\t\t  Philosophy, University of Pardubice},\n  title\t\t= {The Aryans and the Ancient System of Caste},\n  volume\t= {17},\n  year\t\t= {2015}\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n How About Speaking the Truth About Reservations?.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Balagangadhara, S.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n 2015.\n \n\n\n\n
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@Misc{\t\t  8527277,\n  author\t= {Balagangadhara, S.N.},\n  language\t= {und},\n  number\t= {14 October 2015},\n  series\t= {Swarajya Magazine},\n  title\t\t= {How About Speaking the Truth About Reservations?},\n  year\t\t= {2015},\n  url\t\t= "https://swarajyamag.com/commentary/how-about-speaking-the-truth-about-reservations",\n}\n\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Paris, Terrorism and the Third World War.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Balagangadhara, S.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n 2015.\n \n\n\n\n
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@Misc{\t\t  8527279,\n  author\t= {Balagangadhara, S.N.},\n  language\t= {und},\n  number\t= {23 November 2015},\n  series\t= {Witness to Our Times},\n  title\t\t= {Paris, Terrorism and the Third World War},\n  year\t\t= {2015},\n  url\t\t= "https://witness-to-our-times.org/2015/11/23/paris-terrorism-and-the-third-world-war-3/",\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Wat betekent dat: een toekomstperspectief geven aan kandidaat-terroristen?.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n De Roover, J.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n 2015.\n \n\n\n\n
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@Misc{\t\t  8527280,\n  author\t= {De Roover, Jakob},\n  language\t= {und},\n  number\t= {8 december 2015},\n  series\t= {Knack.be},\n  title\t\t= {Wat betekent dat: een toekomstperspectief geven aan\n\t\t  kandidaat-terroristen?},\n  year\t\t= {2015}\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n De pest van het rabiate nationalisme.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n De Roover, J.; and Sarika, R.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n 2015.\n \n\n\n\n
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@Misc{\t\t  8527282,\n  author\t= {De Roover, Jakob and Sarika, Rao},\n  language\t= {und},\n  number\t= {24 november 2015},\n  series\t= {De Wereld Morgen},\n  title\t\t= {De pest van het rabiate nationalisme},\n  year\t\t= {2015},\n  url\t\t= "https://witness-to-our-times.org/2015/12/04/the-pestilence-of-rabid-nationalism/",\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Why Ambedkar Was Wrong about Hinduism.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n De Roover, J.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n 2015.\n \n\n\n\n
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@Misc{\t\t  8527283,\n  author\t= {De Roover, Jakob},\n  language\t= {und},\n  number\t= {30 September 2015},\n  series\t= {Swarajya Magazine},\n  title\t\t= {Why Ambedkar Was Wrong about Hinduism},\n  year\t\t= {2015},\n  url\t\t= "https://swarajyamag.com/politics/counterview-ambedkar-was-wrong-about-hinduism-the-right-can-stop-trying-to-appropriate-him",\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Between Ignorance and Deception: Satish Deshpande’s idea of reservations.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n De Roover, J.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n 2015.\n \n\n\n\n
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@Misc{\t\t  8527284,\n  author\t= {De Roover, Jakob},\n  language\t= {eng},\n  number\t= {8 September 2015},\n  series\t= {DailyO},\n  title\t\t= {Between Ignorance and Deception: Satish Deshpande’s idea of reservations},\n  year\t\t= {2015},\n  url\t\t= "https://www.dailyo.in/politics/satish-deshpande-patidar-reservation-system-india-dalits-obcs-hardik-patel/story/1/6119.html",\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n The Magic of ‘Radicalization’?.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n De Roover, J.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n 2015.\n \n\n\n\n
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@Misc{\t\t  8527285,\n  author\t= {De Roover, Jakob},\n  language\t= {eng},\n  number\t= {1 February 2015},\n  series\t= {New Europe: The European Weekly},\n  title\t\t= {The Magic of ‘Radicalization’?},\n  year\t\t= {2015},\n  url\t\t= "https://www.hipkapi.com/2015/02/19/the-magic-of-radicalization/",\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Rape of a Country.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n De Roover, J.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n 2015.\n \n\n\n\n
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@Misc{\t\t  8527286,\n  author\t= {De Roover, Jakob},\n  language\t= {und},\n  number\t= {4 April 2015},\n  series\t= {Niti Central},\n  title\t\t= {Rape of a Country},\n  year\t\t= {2015},\n  url\t\t= "https://www.hipkapi.com/2015/04/04/rape-of-a-country-jakob-de-roover/",\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n India: verkrachting van een land.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n De Roover, J.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n 2015.\n \n\n\n\n
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@Misc{\t\t  8527287,\n  author\t= {De Roover, Jakob},\n  language\t= {und},\n  number\t= {9 maart 2015},\n  series\t= {De Wereld Morgen},\n  title\t\t= {India: verkrachting van een land},\n  year\t\t= {2015}\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Radicalisering: een magisch woord?.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n De Roover, J.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n 2015.\n \n\n\n\n
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@Misc{\t\t  8527288,\n  author\t= {De Roover, Jakob},\n  language\t= {und},\n  number\t= {22 januari 2015},\n  series\t= {De Wereld Morgen},\n  title\t\t= {Radicalisering: een magisch woord?},\n  year\t\t= {2015}\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Europa's domme reactie op terrorisme is gevaarlijk.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n De Gersem, N.; Sarika, R.; Pathan, S.; and Keppens, M.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n 2015.\n \n\n\n\n
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@Misc{\t\t  8558024,\n  author\t= {De Gersem, Nele and Sarika, Rao and Pathan, Sufiya and\n\t\t  Keppens, Marianne},\n  language\t= {dut},\n  publisher\t= {De Wereld Morgen},\n  title\t\t= {Europa's domme reactie op terrorisme is gevaarlijk},\n  year\t\t= {2015}\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n USCIRF hypocrisy: It's about the Protestant worldview, not religious freedom.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n De Roover, J.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n 2015.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n \"USCIRFPaper\n  \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@Misc{\t\t  85272833,\n  author\t= {De Roover, Jakob},\n  language\t= {eng},\n  number\t= {11 May 2015},\n  series\t= {Firstpost India},\n  title\t\t= {USCIRF hypocrisy: It's about the Protestant worldview, not religious freedom},\n  year\t\t= {2015},\n  url\t\t= "http://www.hipkapi.com/2015/05/11/us-commission-for-international-religious-freedom/",\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Smriti Irani will destroy Indian education for good.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Balagangadhara, S.; and De Roover, J.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n 2015.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n \"SmritiPaper\n  \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@Misc{\t\t  85272841,\n  author\t= {Balagangadhara, S.N. and De Roover, Jakob},\n  language\t= {eng},\n  number\t= {19 November 2015},\n  series\t= {DailyO},\n  title\t\t= {Smriti Irani will destroy Indian education for good},\n  year\t\t= {2015},\n  url\t\t= "https://www.dailyo.in/politics/smriti-irani-hrd-ministry-new-education-policy-br-ambedkar-cult-arundhati-roy-narendra-modi-bjp-buddhism/story/1/7475.html",\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Why Smriti Irani as HRD minister was a terrible choice.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Balagangadhara, S.; and De Roover, J.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n 2015.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n \"WhyPaper\n  \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@Misc{\t\t  85272842,\n  author\t= {Balagangadhara, S.N. and De Roover, Jakob},\n  language\t= {eng},\n  number\t= {13 November 2015},\n  series\t= {DailyO},\n  title\t\t= {Why Smriti Irani as HRD minister was a terrible choice},\n  year\t\t= {2015},\n  url\t\t= "https://www.dailyo.in/politics/smriti-irani-narendra-modi-hrd-ministry-higher-education-charles-darwin-iisc-iit-vedas/story/1/7341.html",\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Which intolerance is growing in India?.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Balagangadhara, S.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n 2015.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n \"WhichPaper\n  \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n  \n \n 1 download\n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@Misc{\t\t  85272843,\n  author\t= {Balagangadhara, S.N.},\n  language\t= {eng},\n  number\t= {27 November 2015},\n  series\t= {DailyO},\n  title\t\t= {Which intolerance is growing in India?},\n  year\t\t= {2015},\n  url\t\t= "https://www.dailyo.in/politics/intolerance-aamir-khan-br-ambedkar-narendra-modi-leftism-criticism-rahul-gnadhi-du-jnu-sc-sc/story/1/7637.html",\n}\n\n
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\n  \n 2014\n \n \n (13)\n \n \n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Introduction.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n De Roover, J.; and Claerhout, S.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n 2014.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n \"IntroductionPaper\n  \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@Misc{\t\t  4233581,\n  author\t= {De Roover, Jakob and Claerhout, Sarah},\n  issn\t\t= {0029-5973},\n  language\t= {eng},\n  number\t= {1},\n  pages\t\t= {1--3},\n  series\t= {NUMEN-INTERNATIONAL REVIEW FOR THE HISTORY OF RELIGIONS},\n  title\t\t= {Introduction},\n  url\t\t= {http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685276-12341300},\n  volume\t= {61},\n  year\t\t= {2014}\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Gandhi, conversion, and the equality of religions: more experiments with truth.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Claerhout, S.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n NUMEN-INTERNATIONAL REVIEW FOR THE HISTORY OF RELIGIONS, 61(1): 53–82. 2014.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n \"Gandhi,Paper\n  \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n  \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@Article{\t  4233594,\n  abstract\t= {Even though Gandhi is often cited in the debate on\n\t\t  religious conversion in India, his viewpoints have not been\n\t\t  systematically analyzed. One reason is that his writings\n\t\t  present a confounding blend of concepts derived from\n\t\t  different traditions. The article argues that this fact\n\t\t  provides a unique entry point into Gandhi’s thought. By\n\t\t  looking for systematic patterns in his distortive use of\n\t\t  English-language terms and ideas, the background ideas that\n\t\t  have structured his reasoning can be traced. The conceptual\n\t\t  distortions in Gandhi’s writings are shaped by these\n\t\t  ideas, which reflect typical Indian attitudes and modes of\n\t\t  thought on the question of religion and conversion.\n\t\t  Analyzing his writings in this way not only allows for an\n\t\t  explanation of his views on religion and his antagonism to\n\t\t  conversion, but also clarifies the widespread unease\n\t\t  towards Christian proselytism in contemporary India.},\n  author\t= {Claerhout, Sarah},\n  issn\t\t= {0029-5973},\n  journal\t= {NUMEN-INTERNATIONAL REVIEW FOR THE HISTORY OF RELIGIONS},\n  keywords\t= {Comparative science of\n\t\t  cultures,Conversion,Gandhi,Comparative study of religion},\n  language\t= {eng},\n  number\t= {1},\n  pages\t\t= {53--82},\n  title\t\t= {Gandhi, conversion, and the equality of religions: more\n\t\t  experiments with truth},\n  url\t\t= {http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685276-12341304},\n  volume\t= {61},\n  year\t\t= {2014}\n}\n\n
\n
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\n Even though Gandhi is often cited in the debate on religious conversion in India, his viewpoints have not been systematically analyzed. One reason is that his writings present a confounding blend of concepts derived from different traditions. The article argues that this fact provides a unique entry point into Gandhi’s thought. By looking for systematic patterns in his distortive use of English-language terms and ideas, the background ideas that have structured his reasoning can be traced. The conceptual distortions in Gandhi’s writings are shaped by these ideas, which reflect typical Indian attitudes and modes of thought on the question of religion and conversion. Analyzing his writings in this way not only allows for an explanation of his views on religion and his antagonism to conversion, but also clarifies the widespread unease towards Christian proselytism in contemporary India.\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n De antieken en het vroege Christendom: een heidense visie uit India.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Balagangadhara, S.; and Claerhout, S.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In Praet, D.; and Grillaert, N., editor(s), Christendom en filosofie : opstellen over wijsbegeerte, wereldbeeld en wetenschappen van het antieke christendom over Nietzsche tot fundamentalisme vandaag, pages 51–82. Academia Press, 2014.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@InCollection{\t  4258708,\n  author\t= {Balagangadhara, S.N. and Claerhout, Sarah},\n  booktitle\t= {Christendom en filosofie : opstellen over wijsbegeerte,\n\t\t  wereldbeeld en wetenschappen van het antieke christendom\n\t\t  over Nietzsche tot fundamentalisme vandaag},\n  editor\t= {Praet, Danny and Grillaert, Nel},\n  isbn\t\t= {9789038222882},\n  keywords\t= {Christendom,vergelijkende cultuurwetenschap,heidendom},\n  language\t= {dut},\n  pages\t\t= {51--82},\n  publisher\t= {Academia Press},\n  title\t\t= {De antieken en het vroege Christendom: een heidense visie\n\t\t  uit India},\n  year\t\t= {2014}\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Incurably religious? Consensus gentium and the cultural universality of religion.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n De Roover, J.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n NUMEN-INTERNATIONAL REVIEW FOR THE HISTORY OF RELIGIONS, 61(1): 5–32. 2014.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n \"IncurablyPaper\n  \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n  \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@Article{\t  4261918,\n  abstract\t= {For centuries, the question whether there were peoples\n\t\t  without religion was the subject of heated debate among\n\t\t  European thinkers. At the turn of the twentieth century,\n\t\t  this concern vanished from the radar of Western\n\t\t  scholarship: all known peoples and societies, it was\n\t\t  concluded, had some form of religion. This essay examines\n\t\t  the relevant debates from the sixteenth to the twentieth\n\t\t  century: Why was this issue so important? How did European\n\t\t  thinkers determine whether or not some people had religion?\n\t\t  What allowed them to close this debate? It will be shown\n\t\t  that European descriptions of the “religions” of\n\t\t  non-Western cultures counted as evidence for or against\n\t\t  theoretical claims made within a particular framework,\n\t\t  namely that of generic Christian theology. The issue of the\n\t\t  universality of religion was settled not by scientific\n\t\t  research but by making ad hoc modifications to this\n\t\t  theological framework whenever it faced empirical\n\t\t  anomalies. This is important today, because the debate\n\t\t  concerning the cultural universality of religion has been\n\t\t  reopened. On the one hand, evolutionary-biological\n\t\t  explanations of religion claim that religion must be a\n\t\t  cultural universal, since its origin lies in the evolution\n\t\t  of the human species; on the other hand, authors suggest\n\t\t  that religion is not a cultural universal, because many of\n\t\t  the “religions” of humanity are fictitious entities\n\t\t  created within an underlying theological framework.},\n  author\t= {De Roover, Jakob},\n  issn\t\t= {0029-5973},\n  journal\t= {NUMEN-INTERNATIONAL REVIEW FOR THE HISTORY OF RELIGIONS},\n  keywords\t= {consensus gentium,explanations of\n\t\t  religion,religion,universality,concept of religion},\n  language\t= {eng},\n  number\t= {1},\n  pages\t\t= {5--32},\n  publisher\t= {Brill},\n  title\t\t= {Incurably religious? Consensus gentium and the cultural\n\t\t  universality of religion},\n  url\t\t= {http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685276-12341301},\n  volume\t= {61},\n  year\t\t= {2014}\n}\n\n
\n
\n\n\n
\n For centuries, the question whether there were peoples without religion was the subject of heated debate among European thinkers. At the turn of the twentieth century, this concern vanished from the radar of Western scholarship: all known peoples and societies, it was concluded, had some form of religion. This essay examines the relevant debates from the sixteenth to the twentieth century: Why was this issue so important? How did European thinkers determine whether or not some people had religion? What allowed them to close this debate? It will be shown that European descriptions of the “religions” of non-Western cultures counted as evidence for or against theoretical claims made within a particular framework, namely that of generic Christian theology. The issue of the universality of religion was settled not by scientific research but by making ad hoc modifications to this theological framework whenever it faced empirical anomalies. This is important today, because the debate concerning the cultural universality of religion has been reopened. On the one hand, evolutionary-biological explanations of religion claim that religion must be a cultural universal, since its origin lies in the evolution of the human species; on the other hand, authors suggest that religion is not a cultural universal, because many of the “religions” of humanity are fictitious entities created within an underlying theological framework.\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Translation, interpretation and culture: on the disingenuity of a comparative theology.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Balagangadhara, S.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n CANADIAN SOCIAL SCIENCE, 10(5): 39–47. 2014.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n \"Translation,Paper\n  \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@Article{\t  5660803,\n  author\t= {Balagangadhara, S.N.},\n  issn\t\t= {1712-8056},\n  journal\t= {CANADIAN SOCIAL SCIENCE},\n  keywords\t= {Culture,Translation,India,Christianity,Hinduism,Comparative\n\t\t  theology},\n  language\t= {eng},\n  number\t= {5},\n  pages\t\t= {39--47},\n  title\t\t= {Translation, interpretation and culture: on the\n\t\t  disingenuity of a comparative theology},\n  volume\t= {10},\n  year\t\t= {2014},\n  url\t\t= "http://www.cscanada.net/index.php/css/article/view/4758",\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Do all roads lead to Jerusalem? The making of Indian religions.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Balagangadhara, S.; and Jhingran, D.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Manohar Publications, 2014.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@Book{\t\t  5660805,\n  author\t= {Balagangadhara, S.N. and Jhingran, Divya},\n  isbn\t\t= {9789350980446},\n  keywords\t= {Indian traditions,Religion,Europe,Christianity,European\n\t\t  culture,India,Indian culture},\n  language\t= {eng},\n  pages\t\t= {304},\n  publisher\t= {Manohar Publications},\n  title\t\t= {Do all roads lead to Jerusalem? The making of Indian\n\t\t  religions},\n  year\t\t= {2014}\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Orientalism and the puzzle of the Aryan invasion theory.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Keppens, M.; and De Roover, J.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n PRAGMATA : JOURNAL OF HUMAN SCIENCES, 2(2): 51–76. 2014.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n  \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@Article{\t  5845673,\n  abstract\t= {The origin of the Aryan invasion theory (AIT) is generally\n\t\t  located in the discovery of the Indo-European and Dravidian\n\t\t  language families. However, these discoveries cannot\n\t\t  account for the emergence of the AIT, because the\n\t\t  postulation of the invasion preceded the linguistic\n\t\t  research. In its search for an alternative account of the\n\t\t  cognitive conditions under which this theory could come\n\t\t  into being, this article illustrates a particular way of\n\t\t  studying the intellectual history of Orientalism. The\n\t\t  Orientalist discourse on India is approached as a body of\n\t\t  reflections on the western cultural experience of India.\n\t\t  This perspective brings us to the thesis that the\n\t\t  pre-conditions for the emergence of the AIT lay in the\n\t\t  postulation of two entities in the Orientalist discourse on\n\t\t  India: the ‘Hindu religion’ and its ‘caste system’.\n\t\t  Both these notions and the AIT appeared cogent and coherent\n\t\t  to European minds, because they mirrored internal\n\t\t  developments within European culture and its intellectual\n\t\t  debates, which had given shape to Europe’s experience of\n\t\t  India.},\n  author\t= {Keppens, Marianne and De Roover, Jakob},\n  issn\t\t= {2349-5065},\n  journal\t= {PRAGMATA : JOURNAL OF HUMAN SCIENCES},\n  keywords\t= {Orientalism,religion,caste,India,Indian\n\t\t  culture,Aryans,Aryan Invasion Theory},\n  language\t= {eng},\n  number\t= {2},\n  pages\t\t= {51--76},\n  publisher\t= {Tumkur University},\n  title\t\t= {Orientalism and the puzzle of the Aryan invasion theory},\n  volume\t= {2},\n  year\t\t= {2014}\n}\n\n
\n
\n\n\n
\n The origin of the Aryan invasion theory (AIT) is generally located in the discovery of the Indo-European and Dravidian language families. However, these discoveries cannot account for the emergence of the AIT, because the postulation of the invasion preceded the linguistic research. In its search for an alternative account of the cognitive conditions under which this theory could come into being, this article illustrates a particular way of studying the intellectual history of Orientalism. The Orientalist discourse on India is approached as a body of reflections on the western cultural experience of India. This perspective brings us to the thesis that the pre-conditions for the emergence of the AIT lay in the postulation of two entities in the Orientalist discourse on India: the ‘Hindu religion’ and its ‘caste system’. Both these notions and the AIT appeared cogent and coherent to European minds, because they mirrored internal developments within European culture and its intellectual debates, which had given shape to Europe’s experience of India.\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n On the dark side of the 'secular': is the religious-secular distinction a binary?.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Balagangadhara, S.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n NUMEN-INTERNATIONAL REVIEW FOR THE HISTORY OF RELIGIONS, 61(1): 33–52. 2014.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n \"OnPaper\n  \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n  \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@Article{\t  7124830,\n  abstract\t= {Recent scholarship claims to have revealed the problematic\n\t\t  nature of the religious-secular distinction: (1) the\n\t\t  distinction is slippery or fluid; (2) the meanings of the\n\t\t  words "religious" and "secular" have changed over multiple\n\t\t  historical contexts; (3) the distinction is a binary; (4)\n\t\t  it is essentialist in nature. Analyzing these objections,\n\t\t  the article shows that it is very difficult to find a clear\n\t\t  problem statement. To whom is the religious-secular\n\t\t  distinction a problem and why? The distinction was\n\t\t  originally made within Christian theology, where it\n\t\t  concerned a triad rather than a binary: true religion,\n\t\t  false religions, and the secular. The notion of the secular\n\t\t  always required the presence of the opposition between\n\t\t  truth and falsity in religion, because it was the sphere\n\t\t  that remained after true and false religion had been\n\t\t  demarcated. In this sense, the secular had a " dark side,"\n\t\t  namely, idolatry or false religion. To a Christian\n\t\t  believer, there is no conceptual problem involved in making\n\t\t  the religious-secular distinction, because his or her\n\t\t  theology helps him specify what true and false religion are\n\t\t  and, as a consequence, what the secular is. However,\n\t\t  because of its neutrality in religious matters, the liberal\n\t\t  state has tried to reduce the theological triad to a binary\n\t\t  opposition between religion and the secular. The inevitable\n\t\t  failure of this attempt has created a formless secular\n\t\t  sphere that is haunted by its dark side: the notion of\n\t\t  false religion.},\n  author\t= {Balagangadhara, S.N.},\n  issn\t\t= {0029-5973},\n  journal\t= {NUMEN-INTERNATIONAL REVIEW FOR THE HISTORY OF RELIGIONS},\n  keywords\t= {secular,TOLERATION,false\n\t\t  religion,Religion,LIBERTY,LOCKE,STATE},\n  language\t= {eng},\n  number\t= {1},\n  pages\t\t= {33--52},\n  title\t\t= {On the dark side of the 'secular': is the\n\t\t  religious-secular distinction a binary?},\n  url\t\t= {http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685276-12341303},\n  volume\t= {61},\n  year\t\t= {2014}\n}\n\n
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\n Recent scholarship claims to have revealed the problematic nature of the religious-secular distinction: (1) the distinction is slippery or fluid; (2) the meanings of the words \"religious\" and \"secular\" have changed over multiple historical contexts; (3) the distinction is a binary; (4) it is essentialist in nature. Analyzing these objections, the article shows that it is very difficult to find a clear problem statement. To whom is the religious-secular distinction a problem and why? The distinction was originally made within Christian theology, where it concerned a triad rather than a binary: true religion, false religions, and the secular. The notion of the secular always required the presence of the opposition between truth and falsity in religion, because it was the sphere that remained after true and false religion had been demarcated. In this sense, the secular had a \" dark side,\" namely, idolatry or false religion. To a Christian believer, there is no conceptual problem involved in making the religious-secular distinction, because his or her theology helps him specify what true and false religion are and, as a consequence, what the secular is. However, because of its neutrality in religious matters, the liberal state has tried to reduce the theological triad to a binary opposition between religion and the secular. The inevitable failure of this attempt has created a formless secular sphere that is haunted by its dark side: the notion of false religion.\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Oh Europa, My Lady, Whither are you Going?.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Balagangadhara, S.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n 2014.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n \"OhPaper\n  \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@Misc{\t\t  8527278,\n  author\t= {Balagangadhara, S.N.},\n  language\t= {und},\n  number\t= {31 August 2014},\n  series\t= {New Europe: The European Weekly},\n  title\t\t= {Oh Europa, My Lady, Whither are you Going?},\n  year\t\t= {2014},\n  url\t\t= "https://witness-to-our-times.org/2015/11/17/6/",\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Blinded by Ideology.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n De Roover, J.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n 2014.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n \"BlindedPaper\n  \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@Misc{\t\t  8527289,\n  author\t= {De Roover, Jakob},\n  language\t= {und},\n  number\t= {19 May 2014},\n  series\t= {Outlook India},\n  title\t\t= {Blinded by Ideology},\n  year\t\t= {2014},\n  url\t\t= "https://www.outlookindia.com/website/story/blinded-by-ideology/290764",\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Untangling the Knot: On l'Affaire Doniger.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n De Roover, J.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n 2014.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n \"UntanglingPaper\n  \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@Misc{\t\t  8527290,\n  author\t= {De Roover, Jakob},\n  language\t= {und},\n  number\t= {18 February 2014},\n  series\t= {Outlook India},\n  title\t\t= {Untangling the Knot: On l'Affaire Doniger},\n  url\t\t= "https://www.outlookindia.com/website/story/untangling-the-knot/289559",\n  year\t\t= {2014}\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n A Disturbing Story: Response to l'Affaire Doniger.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n De Roover, J.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n 2014.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n \"APaper\n  \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@Misc{\t\t  8527291,\n  author\t= {De Roover, Jakob},\n  language\t= {und},\n  number\t= {5 March 2014},\n  series\t= {Outlook India},\n  title\t\t= {A Disturbing Story: Response to l'Affaire Doniger},\n  url\t\t= "https://www.outlookindia.com/website/story/a-disturbing-story/289733",\n  year\t\t= {2014}\n}\n\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n No Alternative.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Pathan, S.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n 2014.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n \"NoPaper\n  \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@Misc{\t\t  85272911,\n  author\t= {Pathan, Sufiya},\n  language\t= {eng},\n  number\t= {1 March 2014},\n  series\t= {Outlook India},\n  title\t\t= {No Alternative},\n  url\t\t= "http://www.outlookindia.com/article.aspx?289711",\n  year\t\t= {2014}\n}\n\n
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\n  \n 2013\n \n \n (13)\n \n \n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n The dark hour of secularism: Hindu fundamentalism and colonial liberalism in India.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Balagangadhara, S.; and De Roover, J.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In Ghosh, R., editor(s), Making sense of the secular : critical perspectives from Europe to Asia, of Routledge Studies in Religion, pages 111–130. Routledge, 2013.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n \"ThePaper\n  \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@InCollection{\t  3099148,\n  author\t= {Balagangadhara, S.N. and De Roover, Jakob},\n  booktitle\t= {Making sense of the secular : critical perspectives from\n\t\t  Europe to Asia},\n  editor\t= {Ghosh, Ranjan},\n  isbn\t\t= {9780415536950},\n  keywords\t= {Secularism,Hindu\n\t\t  fundamentalism,Europe,Hindus,colonialism,Rammohun\n\t\t  Roy,India},\n  language\t= {eng},\n  pages\t\t= {111--130},\n  publisher\t= {Routledge},\n  series\t= {Routledge Studies in Religion},\n  title\t\t= {The dark hour of secularism: Hindu fundamentalism and\n\t\t  colonial liberalism in India},\n  url\t\t= "https://www.academia.edu/5225139/The_Dark_Hour_of_Secularism_Hindu_Fundamentalism_and_Colonial_Liberalism_in_India",\n  year\t\t= {2013}\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Is religious tolerance a virtue in the Indian context?.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Balagangadhara, S.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n 2013.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@Misc{\t\t  4096434,\n  author\t= {Balagangadhara, S.N.},\n  language\t= {kan},\n  number\t= {6 January},\n  pages\t\t= {1},\n  publisher\t= {Vijayavani (Kannada daily newspaper)},\n  title\t\t= {Is religious tolerance a virtue in the Indian context?},\n  year\t\t= {2013}\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n 'Secularism', does the translation matter when the meaning is unknown?.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Balagangadhara, S.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n 2013.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@Misc{\t\t  4096436,\n  author\t= {Balagangadhara, S.N.},\n  language\t= {kan},\n  number\t= {13 January},\n  pages\t\t= {1},\n  publisher\t= {Vijayavani (Kannada daily newspaper)},\n  title\t\t= {'Secularism', does the translation matter when the meaning\n\t\t  is unknown?},\n  year\t\t= {2013}\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Is changing devatas and rituals conversion?.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Balagangadhara, S.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n 2013.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@Misc{\t\t  4096438,\n  author\t= {Balagangadhara, S.N.},\n  language\t= {kan},\n  number\t= {21 January},\n  pages\t\t= {1},\n  publisher\t= {Vijayavani (Kannada daily newspaper)},\n  title\t\t= {Is changing devatas and rituals conversion?},\n  year\t\t= {2013}\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Western assumptions behind the notion of the 'Brahmin Priesthood'.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Balagangadhara, S.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n 2013.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@Misc{\t\t  4096440,\n  author\t= {Balagangadhara, S.N.},\n  language\t= {kan},\n  number\t= {27 January},\n  pages\t\t= {1},\n  publisher\t= {Vijayavani (Kannada daily newspaper)},\n  title\t\t= {Western assumptions behind the notion of the 'Brahmin\n\t\t  Priesthood'},\n  year\t\t= {2013}\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n What is the relation between social change and the bashing of brahmins?.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Balagangadhara, S.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n 2013.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@Misc{\t\t  4096442,\n  author\t= {Balagangadhara, S.N.},\n  language\t= {kan},\n  number\t= {24 March},\n  pages\t\t= {1},\n  publisher\t= {Vijayavani (Kannada daily newspaper)},\n  title\t\t= {What is the relation between social change and the bashing\n\t\t  of brahmins?},\n  year\t\t= {2013}\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Rethinking a Humboldtian vision for the twenty-first century.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Balagangadhara, S.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SOCIAL SCIENCES AND HUMANITIES, 2(1): 148–154. 2013.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n \"RethinkingPaper\n  \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n  \n \n 1 download\n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@Article{\t  4194652,\n  author\t= {Balagangadhara, S.N.},\n  editor\t= {A P, Ashwin Kumar},\n  issn\t\t= {2277-7997},\n  journal\t= {INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SOCIAL SCIENCES AND HUMANITIES},\n  keywords\t= {Liberal education,university},\n  language\t= {eng},\n  number\t= {1},\n  pages\t\t= {148--154},\n  publisher\t= {Tumkur University},\n  title\t\t= {Rethinking a Humboldtian vision for the twenty-first\n\t\t  century},\n  volume\t= {2},\n  year\t\t= {2013},\n  url\t\t= "https://web.archive.org/web/20191021112938/http://www.cultuurwetenschap.be/files/publications/191_605_1_pb.pdf",\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n What is there in Indian society if not Hinduism?.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Balagangadhara, S.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n 2013.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@Misc{\t\t  4259057,\n  author\t= {Balagangadhara, S.N.},\n  language\t= {eng},\n  number\t= {10/03/2013},\n  pages\t\t= {1},\n  publisher\t= {Vijayavani (Kannada daily newspaper)},\n  title\t\t= {What is there in Indian society if not Hinduism?},\n  year\t\t= {2013}\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Since when did the traditional rituals become blind beliefs?.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Balagangadhara, S.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n 2013.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@Misc{\t\t  4259091,\n  author\t= {Balagangadhara, S.N.},\n  language\t= {eng},\n  number\t= {03-03-2013},\n  pages\t\t= {1},\n  publisher\t= {Vijayavani (Kannada daily newspaper)},\n  title\t\t= {Since when did the traditional rituals become blind\n\t\t  beliefs?},\n  year\t\t= {2013}\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Questions and answers that are irrelevant to our culture.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Balagangadhara, S.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n 2013.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@Misc{\t\t  4259098,\n  author\t= {Balagangadhara, S.N.},\n  language\t= {eng},\n  number\t= {24-02-2013},\n  pages\t\t= {1},\n  publisher\t= {Vijayavani (Kannada daily newspaper)},\n  title\t\t= {Questions and answers that are irrelevant to our culture},\n  year\t\t= {2013}\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n How can there be fundamentalism when Hinduism doesn't exist?.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Balagangadhara, S.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n 2013.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@Misc{\t\t  4259110,\n  author\t= {Balagangadhara, S.N.},\n  language\t= {eng},\n  number\t= {17-02-2013},\n  pages\t\t= {1},\n  publisher\t= {Vijayavani (Kannada daily newspaper)},\n  title\t\t= {How can there be fundamentalism when Hinduism doesn't\n\t\t  exist?},\n  year\t\t= {2013}\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Were there any anti-caste movements in ancient India?.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Balagangadhara, S.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n 2013.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@Misc{\t\t  4259116,\n  author\t= {Balagangadhara, S.N.},\n  language\t= {eng},\n  number\t= {10-02-2013},\n  pages\t\t= {1},\n  publisher\t= {Vijayavani (Kannada daily newspaper)},\n  title\t\t= {Were there any anti-caste movements in ancient India?},\n  year\t\t= {2013}\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Can the story of the caste system be seen as a social scientific theory?.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Balagangadhara, S.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n 2013.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@Misc{\t\t  4259124,\n  author\t= {Balagangadhara, S.N.},\n  language\t= {eng},\n  number\t= {04-02-2013},\n  pages\t\t= {1},\n  publisher\t= {Vijayavani (Kannada daily newspaper)},\n  title\t\t= {Can the story of the caste system be seen as a social\n\t\t  scientific theory?},\n  year\t\t= {2013}\n}\n\n
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\n  \n 2012\n \n \n (13)\n \n \n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Reconceptualizing India studies.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Balagangadhara, S.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Oxford University Press, 2012.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@Book{\t\t  818770,\n  author\t= {Balagangadhara, S.N.},\n  isbn\t\t= {9780198082965},\n  keywords\t= {Comparative science of cultures,India},\n  language\t= {eng},\n  pages\t\t= {288},\n  publisher\t= {Oxford University Press},\n  title\t\t= {Reconceptualizing India studies},\n  year\t\t= {2012}\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Bharatadalli Jati Vyavasthe Ideye?.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Balagangadhara, S.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Anandakanda Granthamale, 2012.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@Book{\t\t  3072018,\n  author\t= {Balagangadhara, S.N.},\n  editor\t= {Jalki, Dunkin},\n  keywords\t= {Jati,European descriptions of India,Indian society,Indian\n\t\t  culture,Caste System},\n  language\t= {kan},\n  pages\t\t= {261},\n  publisher\t= {Anandakanda Granthamale},\n  title\t\t= {Bharatadalli Jati Vyavasthe Ideye?},\n  year\t\t= {2012}\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Hudukaatavannu Nillisadirona.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Balagangadhara, S.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Akshara Prakashana, 2012.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@Book{\t\t  3095287,\n  author\t= {Balagangadhara, S.N.},\n  editor\t= {Janekere, JS Sadanand},\n  keywords\t= {Europea,Cultural difference,India,ethics,Culture},\n  language\t= {kan},\n  pages\t\t= {155},\n  publisher\t= {Akshara Prakashana},\n  title\t\t= {Hudukaatavannu Nillisadirona},\n  year\t\t= {2012}\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Doing development research in Asia: problems and perspectives.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Balagangadhara, S.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In Beghin, I; Stoops, G; and Thys, E, editor(s), Proceedings international symposium : evaluation of Development Research, pages 37–43. Koninklijke Academie voor Overzeese Wetenschappen, 2012.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n \"DoingPaper\n  \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n  \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@InCollection{\t  3105755,\n  abstract\t= {Because the notion of 'relevance' is deeply context bound,\n\t\t  I argue that we need to broaden our understanding of\n\t\t  development to include 'conditions for development'. In\n\t\t  this paper, I reflect on the well-known adage about 'give a\n\t\t  fish' and 'teach to fish' by adding the following: 'create\n\t\t  the conditions for fishing, we will fish forever'. At the\n\t\t  beginning of the 21st century, wich is also an era of rapid\n\t\t  globalization, I reflect on (a) what it means to speak of\n\t\t  development work (b) in a continent like Asia, wich has\n\t\t  emerging industrial giants like China and India, both of\n\t\t  whom know extremely lopsided development. Within this\n\t\t  framework, I think about what it means to speak of\n\t\t  developmentally relevant research. Without losing sight of\n\t\t  the hard-won understanding of developmental work acquired\n\t\t  over the decade, I plead that we look at development as a\n\t\t  multi-layered process. If we do so, we can appriciate the\n\t\t  fact that different kinds of research are relevant at\n\t\t  different levels: what is relevant at one level does not\n\t\t  need to be relevant at another. Thus, criteria for\n\t\t  developmentally relevant research will have to keep these\n\t\t  different levels seperate from each other. To answer the\n\t\t  four questions posed by the taks force, I suggest that we\n\t\t  split the global problem about 'developmentally relevant\n\t\t  research' into three tractable subproblems, each of which\n\t\t  giving a different answer at an appropriate level.},\n  author\t= {Balagangadhara, S.N.},\n  booktitle\t= {Proceedings international symposium : evaluation of\n\t\t  Development Research},\n  editor\t= {Beghin, I and Stoops, G and Thys, E},\n  isbn\t\t= {9789075652505},\n  keywords\t= {Development cooperation,India,Asia},\n  language\t= {eng},\n  pages\t\t= {37--43},\n  publisher\t= {Koninklijke Academie voor Overzeese Wetenschappen},\n  title\t\t= {Doing development research in Asia: problems and\n\t\t  perspectives},\n  url\t\t= "https://www.kaowarsom.be/documents/evaluation/BALAGANGADHARA.pdf",\n  year\t\t= {2012}\n}\n\n
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\n Because the notion of 'relevance' is deeply context bound, I argue that we need to broaden our understanding of development to include 'conditions for development'. In this paper, I reflect on the well-known adage about 'give a fish' and 'teach to fish' by adding the following: 'create the conditions for fishing, we will fish forever'. At the beginning of the 21st century, wich is also an era of rapid globalization, I reflect on (a) what it means to speak of development work (b) in a continent like Asia, wich has emerging industrial giants like China and India, both of whom know extremely lopsided development. Within this framework, I think about what it means to speak of developmentally relevant research. Without losing sight of the hard-won understanding of developmental work acquired over the decade, I plead that we look at development as a multi-layered process. If we do so, we can appriciate the fact that different kinds of research are relevant at different levels: what is relevant at one level does not need to be relevant at another. Thus, criteria for developmentally relevant research will have to keep these different levels seperate from each other. To answer the four questions posed by the taks force, I suggest that we split the global problem about 'developmentally relevant research' into three tractable subproblems, each of which giving a different answer at an appropriate level.\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Religion, difference and the promise of liberal political theory: on Abeysekara's the politics of postsecular religion.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n De Roover, J.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n RELIGION, 42(1): 141–149. 2012.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n \"Religion,Paper\n  \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n  \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n  \n \n 1 download\n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@Article{\t  3108968,\n  abstract\t= {Ananda Abeysekara's work revolves around the 'aporia of\n\t\t  our democratic existence.' This review offers a close\n\t\t  analysis of this puzzle and then connects it to the\n\t\t  historical process whereby the internal dynamics of western\n\t\t  Christianity gave shape to normative political theory.\n\t\t  Normative political models have a peculiar relation to the\n\t\t  empirical world. At any point, one can judge the factual\n\t\t  empirical situation in a liberal democracy - no matter what\n\t\t  that factual situation is - as deficient vis-a-vis norms\n\t\t  like equality, freedom of expression, religious freedom and\n\t\t  separation of church and state. The trouble is that we do\n\t\t  not know what the 'complete' fulfillment of these norms\n\t\t  would look like. Still, these norms propel political\n\t\t  analysis: as Abeysekara notes, classical and postcolonial\n\t\t  studies of conflict in Sri Lanka build on a set of\n\t\t  deep-seated norms about 'difference,' 'unity' and\n\t\t  'humanism,' which have emerged from the Christian dynamic\n\t\t  of universalization that laid the foundations of liberal\n\t\t  political theory.},\n  author\t= {De Roover, Jakob},\n  issn\t\t= {0048-721X},\n  journal\t= {RELIGION},\n  keywords\t= {secularism,religion,liberalism},\n  language\t= {eng},\n  number\t= {1},\n  pages\t\t= {141--149},\n  title\t\t= {Religion, difference and the promise of liberal political\n\t\t  theory: on Abeysekara's the politics of postsecular\n\t\t  religion},\n  url\t\t=  "https://biblio.ugent.be/publication/3108968/file/3109010.pdf",\n  volume\t= {42},\n  year\t\t= {2012}\n}\n\n
\n
\n\n\n
\n Ananda Abeysekara's work revolves around the 'aporia of our democratic existence.' This review offers a close analysis of this puzzle and then connects it to the historical process whereby the internal dynamics of western Christianity gave shape to normative political theory. Normative political models have a peculiar relation to the empirical world. At any point, one can judge the factual empirical situation in a liberal democracy - no matter what that factual situation is - as deficient vis-a-vis norms like equality, freedom of expression, religious freedom and separation of church and state. The trouble is that we do not know what the 'complete' fulfillment of these norms would look like. Still, these norms propel political analysis: as Abeysekara notes, classical and postcolonial studies of conflict in Sri Lanka build on a set of deep-seated norms about 'difference,' 'unity' and 'humanism,' which have emerged from the Christian dynamic of universalization that laid the foundations of liberal political theory.\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Two worlds within us.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Balagangadhara, S.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n 2012.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@Misc{\t\t  3194190,\n  author\t= {Balagangadhara, S.N.},\n  keywords\t= {Indian traditions},\n  language\t= {kan},\n  number\t= {18 November},\n  pages\t\t= {1},\n  publisher\t= {Vijayavani},\n  title\t\t= {Two worlds within us},\n  year\t\t= {2012}\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Before disgracing them as 'superstitions'.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Balagangadhara, S.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n 2012.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@Misc{\t\t  3194193,\n  author\t= {Balagangadhara, S.N.},\n  language\t= {kan},\n  number\t= {25 November},\n  pages\t\t= {1},\n  publisher\t= {Vijayavani (Kannada daily newspaper)},\n  title\t\t= {Before disgracing them as 'superstitions'},\n  year\t\t= {2012}\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Pseudo argument: 'the separation of Dharma from politics'.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Balagangadhara, S.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n 2012.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@Misc{\t\t  4094798,\n  author\t= {Balagangadhara, S.N.},\n  language\t= {kan},\n  number\t= {2 December},\n  pages\t\t= {1},\n  publisher\t= {Vijayavani (Kannada daily newspaper)},\n  title\t\t= {Pseudo argument: 'the separation of Dharma from\n\t\t  politics'},\n  year\t\t= {2012}\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Are there 'invisible hands' in every ritual of a multicultural society?.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Balagangadhara, S.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n 2012.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@Misc{\t\t  4094803,\n  author\t= {Balagangadhara, S.N.},\n  language\t= {kan},\n  number\t= {9 December},\n  pages\t\t= {1},\n  publisher\t= {Vijayavani (Kannada daily newspaper)},\n  title\t\t= {Are there 'invisible hands' in every ritual of a\n\t\t  multicultural society?},\n  year\t\t= {2012}\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Searching for Hindu dharma on the basis of religion.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Balagangadhara, S.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n 2012.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@Misc{\t\t  4094805,\n  author\t= {Balagangadhara, S.N.},\n  language\t= {kan},\n  number\t= {16 December},\n  pages\t\t= {1},\n  publisher\t= {Vijayavani (Kannada daily newspaper)},\n  title\t\t= {Searching for Hindu dharma on the basis of religion},\n  year\t\t= {2012}\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Where did the idea that idol worship is immoral originate from?.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Balagangadhara, S.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n 2012.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@Misc{\t\t  4094810,\n  author\t= {Balagangadhara, S.N.},\n  language\t= {kan},\n  number\t= {23 December},\n  pages\t\t= {1},\n  publisher\t= {Vijayavani (Kannada daily newspaper)},\n  title\t\t= {Where did the idea that idol worship is immoral originate\n\t\t  from?},\n  year\t\t= {2012}\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n The search for scriptures and principles in India and the struggle of the intellectuals.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Balagangadhara, S.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n 2012.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@Misc{\t\t  4094813,\n  author\t= {Balagangadhara, S.N.},\n  language\t= {kan},\n  number\t= {30 December},\n  pages\t\t= {1},\n  publisher\t= {Vijayavani (Kannada daily newspaper)},\n  title\t\t= {The search for scriptures and principles in India and the\n\t\t  struggle of the intellectuals},\n  year\t\t= {2012}\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n The misconception that pooja and worship are the same.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Balagangadhara, S.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n 2012.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@Misc{\t\t  4259044,\n  author\t= {Balagangadhara, S.N.},\n  language\t= {eng},\n  number\t= {17/03/2013},\n  pages\t\t= {1},\n  publisher\t= {Vijayavani (Kannada daily newspaper)},\n  title\t\t= {The misconception that pooja and worship are the same},\n  year\t\t= {2012}\n}\n\n
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\n  \n 2011\n \n \n (7)\n \n \n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Rethinking orientalism: colonialism and the study of Indian traditions.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Gelders, R.; and Balagangadhara, S.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n HISTORY OF RELIGIONS, 51(2): 101–128. 2011.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n \"RethinkingPaper\n  \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@Article{\t  946907,\n  author\t= {Gelders, Raf and Balagangadhara, S.N.},\n  issn\t\t= {0018-2710},\n  journal\t= {HISTORY OF RELIGIONS},\n  keywords\t= {Cross-cultural encounters,History of\n\t\t  religion,Vergelijkende\n\t\t  cultuurwetenschap,Missionaries,Hinduism,Cultural\n\t\t  history,Jesuits,Colonialism,Religious studies},\n  language\t= {eng},\n  number\t= {2},\n  pages\t\t= {101--128},\n  title\t\t= {Rethinking orientalism: colonialism and the study of\n\t\t  Indian traditions},\n  url\t\t= {http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/660928},\n  volume\t= {51},\n  year\t\t= {2011}\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Puurvavalokana.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Balagangadhara, S.; Hegde, R.; and Janekere, S.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Abhinav, 2011.\n \n\n\n\n
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@Book{\t\t  1143082,\n  author\t= {Balagangadhara, S.N. and Hegde, Rajaram and Janekere,\n\t\t  Sadananda},\n  isbn\t\t= {9789381055106},\n  language\t= {kan},\n  pages\t\t= {274},\n  publisher\t= {Abhinav},\n  title\t\t= {Puurvavalokana},\n  year\t\t= {2011}\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Hoe wereldvreemd zijn de Belgische politici?.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n De Roover, J.; and Claerhout, S.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n 2011.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n \"HoePaper\n  \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@Misc{\t\t  1182125,\n  author\t= {De Roover, Jakob and Claerhout, Sarah},\n  issn\t\t= {1374-7916},\n  language\t= {dut},\n  number\t= {4 maart},\n  pages\t\t= {1},\n  series\t= {De Morgen},\n  title\t\t= {Hoe wereldvreemd zijn de Belgische politici?},\n  url\t\t= "https://www.demorgen.be/nieuws/hoe-wereldvreemd-zijn-de-belgische-politici~b7f1bc4b/",\n  year\t\t= {2011}\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n La paradoja de la tolerancia moderna en sus inicios: de Europa a la India.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n De Roover, J.; and Balagangadhara, S.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In Villaverde Rico, M. J.; and Laursen, J. C., editor(s), Forjadores de la Tolerancia, pages 281–303. Tecnos, 2011.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@InCollection{\t  1230460,\n  author\t= {De Roover, Jakob and Balagangadhara, S.N.},\n  booktitle\t= {Forjadores de la Tolerancia},\n  editor\t= {Villaverde Rico, María José and Laursen, John\n\t\t  Christian},\n  isbn\t\t= {9788430952182},\n  keywords\t= {Tolerance,Secularisation,Christian\n\t\t  theology,India,Europe,Protestantism},\n  language\t= {spa},\n  pages\t\t= {281--303},\n  publisher\t= {Tecnos},\n  title\t\t= {La paradoja de la tolerancia moderna en sus inicios: de\n\t\t  Europa a la India},\n  year\t\t= {2011}\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Liberal political theory and the cultural migration of ideas: the case of secularism in India.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n De Roover, J.; Claerhout, S.; and Rao, B.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n POLITICAL THEORY, 39(5): 571–599. 2011.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n \"LiberalPaper\n  \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n  \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@Article{\t  1870111,\n  abstract\t= {The principles of liberal political theory are often said\n\t\t  to be "freestanding," but are they indeed sufficiently\n\t\t  detached from the cultural setting where they emerged to be\n\t\t  intelligible to people with other backgrounds? To answer\n\t\t  this question, this essay examines the Indian secularism\n\t\t  debate and develops a hypothesis on the process whereby\n\t\t  liberal principles crystallized in the West and then spread\n\t\t  elsewhere. It argues that the secularization of western\n\t\t  political thought has not produced independent rational\n\t\t  principles, but rather transformed theological ideas into\n\t\t  the "topoi" of a culture. Like all such topoi, the\n\t\t  principles of liberalism depend on other clusters of\n\t\t  metaphysical ideas present in western societies. When they\n\t\t  migrate to new settings, the absence of these surrounding\n\t\t  ideas presents fundamental obstacles to the interpretation\n\t\t  and elaboration of liberal principles. The case of Indian\n\t\t  secularism illustrates the cultural limitations of liberal\n\t\t  political theory, rather than showing its universal\n\t\t  significance.},\n  author\t= {De Roover, Jakob and Claerhout, Sarah and Rao,\n\t\t  Balagangadhara},\n  issn\t\t= {0090-5917},\n  journal\t= {POLITICAL THEORY},\n  keywords\t= {liberalism,secularism,STATE,HINDUISM,TOLERATION,India,cultural\n\t\t  diversity,secularization},\n  language\t= {eng},\n  number\t= {5},\n  pages\t\t= {571--599},\n  title\t\t= {Liberal political theory and the cultural migration of\n\t\t  ideas: the case of secularism in India},\n  url\t\t=  "https://drive.google.com/file/d/0Bwte3_9g4U6oNzZsdFJhRWZIUG8/view?usp=sharing",\n  volume\t= {39},\n  year\t\t= {2011}\n}\n\n\n
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\n The principles of liberal political theory are often said to be \"freestanding,\" but are they indeed sufficiently detached from the cultural setting where they emerged to be intelligible to people with other backgrounds? To answer this question, this essay examines the Indian secularism debate and develops a hypothesis on the process whereby liberal principles crystallized in the West and then spread elsewhere. It argues that the secularization of western political thought has not produced independent rational principles, but rather transformed theological ideas into the \"topoi\" of a culture. Like all such topoi, the principles of liberalism depend on other clusters of metaphysical ideas present in western societies. When they migrate to new settings, the absence of these surrounding ideas presents fundamental obstacles to the interpretation and elaboration of liberal principles. The case of Indian secularism illustrates the cultural limitations of liberal political theory, rather than showing its universal significance.\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Secular law and the realm of false religion.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n De Roover, J.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In Sullivan, W. F.; Yelle, R.; and Taussig-Rubbo, M., editor(s), After secular law, pages 43–61. Stanford University Press, 2011.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n \"SecularPaper\n  \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@InCollection{\t  1870114,\n  author\t= {De Roover, Jakob},\n  booktitle\t= {After secular law},\n  editor\t= {Sullivan, Winnifred Fallers and Yelle, Robert and\n\t\t  Taussig-Rubbo, Mateo},\n  isbn\t\t= {9780804775366},\n  keywords\t= {secularization,colonial India,secularism,law and\n\t\t  religion},\n  language\t= {eng},\n  pages\t\t= {43--61},\n  publisher\t= {Stanford University Press},\n  title\t\t= {Secular law and the realm of false religion},\n  url\t\t= "https://drive.google.com/file/d/1OJkJupxbjdQXYW-lyOnjR9s-04Kc7hHb/view?usp=sharing",\n  year\t\t= {2011}\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Jonge onderzoekers: de kip met het gouden ei?.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Claerhout, S.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n 2011.\n \n\n\n\n
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@Misc{\t\t  1900086,\n  author\t= {Claerhout, Sarah},\n  issn\t\t= {2033-043X},\n  keywords\t= {onderzoeksbeleid,hoger onderwijs},\n  language\t= {dut},\n  number\t= {142},\n  pages\t\t= {11--11},\n  series\t= {KADER - NATIONAAL VERBOND VOOR KADERPERSONEEL},\n  title\t\t= {Jonge onderzoekers: de kip met het gouden ei?},\n  year\t\t= {2011}\n}\n\n
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\n  \n 2010\n \n \n (13)\n \n \n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n The saint, the criminal and the terrorist: towards a hypothesis on terrorism.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Balagangadhara, S.; and De Roover, J.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n JOURNAL OF POLITICAL PHILOSOPHY, 18(1): 1–15. 2010.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n \"ThePaper\n  \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@Article{\t  783281,\n  author\t= {Balagangadhara, S.N. and De Roover, Jakob},\n  issn\t\t= {0963-8016},\n  journal\t= {JOURNAL OF POLITICAL PHILOSOPHY},\n  language\t= {eng},\n  number\t= {1},\n  pages\t\t= {1--15},\n  title\t\t= {The saint, the criminal and the terrorist: towards a\n\t\t  hypothesis on terrorism},\n  url\t\t= {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9760.2009.00336.x},\n  volume\t= {18},\n  year\t\t= {2010}\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n The colonial construction of what?.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n De Roover, J.; and Claerhout, S.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In Bloch, E.; Keppens, M.; and Hegde, R., editor(s), Rethinking religion in India : the colonial construction of Hinduism, volume 4, of Routledge South Asian Religion Series, pages 164–183. Routledge, 2010.\n \n\n\n\n
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@InCollection{\t  783282,\n  abstract\t= {In The Colonial Construction of What?, Jakob De Roover and\n\t\t  Sarah Claerhout raise three fundamental questions to clear\n\t\t  the conceptual ground required for theory formation on the\n\t\t  construction of Hinduism. First, they analyze the question\n\t\t  ‘Is religion a construct?’ The claim that religion is\n\t\t  only a conceptual tool of the scholar, which does not refer\n\t\t  to any empirical reality, they argue, fails to make sense\n\t\t  in the absence of a theory of religion. However, this does\n\t\t  not imply it is nonsensical to speak of the construction of\n\t\t  Hinduism. ‘Is Hinduism a construct?’ is answered in the\n\t\t  positive, but qualified in a limited empirical sense.\n\t\t  Subsequently, they raise the question as to ‘What is\n\t\t  constructed in the process of construction?’ On the one\n\t\t  hand, one could suggest that Hinduism has come into being\n\t\t  as an object, a new religion that materialized on the\n\t\t  subcontinent. On the other hand, one could argue, as De\n\t\t  Roover and Claerhout do, that Hinduism has been created as\n\t\t  a conceptual unit in certain descriptions of India only.\n\t\t  These descriptions have had impact upon Indian society, but\n\t\t  this does not entail that Hindu religion exists in India\n\t\t  today.},\n  author\t= {De Roover, Jakob and Claerhout, Sarah},\n  booktitle\t= {Rethinking religion in India : the colonial construction\n\t\t  of Hinduism},\n  editor\t= {Bloch, Esther and Keppens, Marianne and Hegde, Rajaram},\n  isbn\t\t= {9780415548908},\n  language\t= {eng},\n  pages\t\t= {164--183},\n  publisher\t= {Routledge},\n  series\t= {Routledge South Asian Religion Series},\n  title\t\t= {The colonial construction of what?},\n  volume\t= {4},\n  year\t\t= {2010}\n}\n\n
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\n\n\n
\n In The Colonial Construction of What?, Jakob De Roover and Sarah Claerhout raise three fundamental questions to clear the conceptual ground required for theory formation on the construction of Hinduism. First, they analyze the question ‘Is religion a construct?’ The claim that religion is only a conceptual tool of the scholar, which does not refer to any empirical reality, they argue, fails to make sense in the absence of a theory of religion. However, this does not imply it is nonsensical to speak of the construction of Hinduism. ‘Is Hinduism a construct?’ is answered in the positive, but qualified in a limited empirical sense. Subsequently, they raise the question as to ‘What is constructed in the process of construction?’ On the one hand, one could suggest that Hinduism has come into being as an object, a new religion that materialized on the subcontinent. On the other hand, one could argue, as De Roover and Claerhout do, that Hinduism has been created as a conceptual unit in certain descriptions of India only. These descriptions have had impact upon Indian society, but this does not entail that Hindu religion exists in India today.\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Rethinking religion in India: the colonial construction of Hinduism.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Bloch, E.; Keppens, M.; and Hegde, R.,\n editors.\n \n\n\n \n\n\n\n Volume 4 of Routledge South Asian Religion SeriesRoutledge, 2010.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@Book{\t\t  786500,\n  editor\t= {Bloch, Esther and Keppens, Marianne and Hegde, Rajaram},\n  isbn\t\t= {9780415548908},\n  keywords\t= {colonial construction,Hinduism,Indian\n\t\t  traditions,India,Indian religions,Religion},\n  language\t= {eng},\n  pages\t\t= {XV, 192},\n  publisher\t= {Routledge},\n  series\t= {Routledge South Asian Religion Series},\n  title\t\t= {Rethinking religion in India: the colonial construction of\n\t\t  Hinduism},\n  volume\t= {4},\n  year\t\t= {2010}\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Introduction: rethinking religion in India.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Keppens, M.; and Bloch, E.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In Bloch, E.; Keppens, M.; and Hegde, R., editor(s), Rethinking religion in India : the colonial construction of Hinduism, volume 4, of Routledge South Asian Religion Series, pages 1–21. Routledge, 2010.\n \n\n\n\n
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@InCollection{\t  786508,\n  author\t= {Keppens, Marianne and Bloch, Esther},\n  booktitle\t= {Rethinking religion in India : the colonial construction\n\t\t  of Hinduism},\n  editor\t= {Bloch, Esther and Keppens, Marianne and Hegde, Rajaram},\n  isbn\t\t= {9780415548908},\n  keywords\t= {colonial construction,Indian religions,Religion,Indian\n\t\t  traditions,Hinduism},\n  language\t= {eng},\n  pages\t\t= {1--21},\n  publisher\t= {Routledge},\n  series\t= {Routledge South Asian Religion Series},\n  title\t\t= {Introduction: rethinking religion in India},\n  volume\t= {4},\n  year\t\t= {2010}\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Orientalism, postcolonialism and the 'construction' of religion.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Balagangadhara, S.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In Bloch, E.; Keppens, M.; and Hegde, R., editor(s), Rethinking religion in India : the colonial construction of Hinduism, volume 4, of Routledge South Asian Religion Series, pages 135–163. Routledge, 2010.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@InCollection{\t  818481,\n  author\t= {Balagangadhara, S.N.},\n  booktitle\t= {Rethinking religion in India : the colonial construction\n\t\t  of Hinduism},\n  editor\t= {Bloch, Esther and Keppens, Marianne and Hegde, Rajaram},\n  isbn\t\t= {9780415548908},\n  keywords\t= {Orientalism,Construction of Religion,Postcolonialism},\n  language\t= {eng},\n  pages\t\t= {135--163},\n  publisher\t= {Routledge},\n  series\t= {Routledge South Asian Religion Series},\n  title\t\t= {Orientalism, postcolonialism and the 'construction' of\n\t\t  religion},\n  volume\t= {4},\n  year\t\t= {2010}\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Les Dieux de l'Inde dans l’imaginaire européen.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Gelders, R.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n 2010.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@Misc{\t\t  952046,\n  author\t= {Gelders, Raf},\n  keywords\t= {Cross-cultural encounters,Anthropology of\n\t\t  religion,Vergelijkende cultuurwetenschap,Cultural\n\t\t  history,Hinduism,Colonialism,Religious studies},\n  language\t= {fre},\n  publisher\t= {Editions du Seuil},\n  series\t= {Dictionnaire des Dieux, Déesses et Démons},\n  title\t\t= {Les Dieux de l'Inde dans l’imaginaire européen},\n  year\t\t= {2010}\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Le Brahman dans l’imaginaire européen.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Gelders, R.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n 2010.\n \n\n\n\n
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@Misc{\t\t  952075,\n  author\t= {Gelders, Raf},\n  keywords\t= {Vergelijkende cultuurwetenschap,Cross-cultural\n\t\t  encounters,Anthropology of religion,Religious\n\t\t  studies,Colonialism,Cultural history,Hinduism},\n  language\t= {fre},\n  publisher\t= {Editions du Seuil},\n  series\t= {Dictionnaire des Dieux, Déesses et Démons},\n  title\t\t= {Le Brahman dans l’imaginaire européen},\n  year\t\t= {2010}\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Bouddha, Perceptions européennes.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Gelders, R.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n 2010.\n \n\n\n\n
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@Misc{\t\t  952079,\n  author\t= {Gelders, Raf},\n  keywords\t= {Cross-cultural encounters,Anthropology of\n\t\t  religion,Vergelijkende cultuurwetenschap,Religious\n\t\t  studies,Hinduism,Colonialism,Cultural history},\n  language\t= {fre},\n  publisher\t= {Editions du Seuil},\n  series\t= {Dictionnaire des Dieux, Déesses et Démons},\n  title\t\t= {Bouddha, Perceptions européennes},\n  year\t\t= {2010}\n}\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Bhaarata mattu Pashchimada Tulane.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Balagangadhara, S.; Praveen, T.; and Palve, V.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In Lalithamba, D., editor(s), Sampreethi, pages 341–347. Paraspara, 2010.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@InCollection{\t  1143155,\n  author\t= {Balagangadhara, S.N. and Praveen, TL and Palve, Vani},\n  booktitle\t= {Sampreethi},\n  editor\t= {Lalithamba, DNR},\n  language\t= {kan},\n  pages\t\t= {341--347},\n  publisher\t= {Paraspara},\n  title\t\t= {Bhaarata mattu Pashchimada Tulane},\n  year\t\t= {2010}\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Secularism, Vasaahatushaahitva mattu Bhaaratiya Buddhijivigalu.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n De Roover, J.; and SL, P.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In Lalithamba, D., editor(s), Sampreethi, pages 368–385. Paraspara, 2010.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@InCollection{\t  1143291,\n  author\t= {De Roover, Jakob and SL, Prajna},\n  booktitle\t= {Sampreethi},\n  editor\t= {Lalithamba, DNR},\n  language\t= {kan},\n  pages\t\t= {368--385},\n  publisher\t= {Paraspara},\n  title\t\t= {Secularism, Vasaahatushaahitva mattu Bhaaratiya\n\t\t  Buddhijivigalu},\n  year\t\t= {2010}\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Bharatiyonki avashyakata : ithihasa athava ateet?.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Balagangadhara, S.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n CHINTAN-SRIJA, 7(4): 9–28. 2010.\n \n\n\n\n
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@Article{\t  1185466,\n  author\t= {Balagangadhara, S.N.},\n  issn\t\t= {0973-1490},\n  journal\t= {CHINTAN-SRIJA},\n  language\t= {hin},\n  number\t= {4},\n  pages\t\t= {9--28},\n  title\t\t= {Bharatiyonki avashyakata : ithihasa athava ateet?},\n  volume\t= {7},\n  year\t\t= {2010}\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Ascetics and crafty priests: orientalism and the Europeanrepresentations of India.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Gelders, R.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Ph.D. Thesis, Ghent University, 2010.\n \n\n\n\n
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@PhDThesis{\t  4333703,\n  author\t= {Gelders, Raf},\n  language\t= {eng},\n  school\t= {Ghent University},\n  title\t\t= {Ascetics and crafty priests: orientalism and the\n\t\t  Europeanrepresentations of India.},\n  year\t\t= {2010}\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n 'Losing my tradition': conversion, secularism and religiousfreedom in India.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Claerhout, S.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Ph.D. Thesis, Ghent University, 2010.\n \n\n\n\n
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@PhDThesis{\t  4333704,\n  author\t= {Claerhout, Sarah},\n  language\t= {eng},\n  school\t= {Ghent University},\n  title\t\t= {'Losing my tradition': conversion, secularism and\n\t\t  religiousfreedom in India.},\n  year\t\t= {2010}\n}\n\n
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\n  \n 2009\n \n \n (12)\n \n \n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Genealogy of colonial discourse: Hindu traditions and the limits of European representation.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Gelders, R.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n COMPARATIVE STUDIES IN SOCIETY AND HISTORY, 51(3): 563–589. 2009.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n \"GenealogyPaper\n  \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@Article{\t  504724,\n  author\t= {Gelders, Raf},\n  issn\t\t= {0010-4175},\n  journal\t= {COMPARATIVE STUDIES IN SOCIETY AND HISTORY},\n  keywords\t= {HISTORY},\n  language\t= {eng},\n  location\t= {London, UK},\n  number\t= {3},\n  pages\t\t= {563--589},\n  title\t\t= {Genealogy of colonial discourse: Hindu traditions and the\n\t\t  limits of European representation},\n  url\t\t= {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0010417509000231},\n  volume\t= {51},\n  year\t\t= {2009}\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Reconceptualizing the postcolonial project: beyond the strictures and structures of orientalism.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Balagangadhara, S.; and Keppens, M.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n INTERVENTIONS-INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF POSTCOLONIAL STUDIES, 11(1): 50–68. 2009.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n \"ReconceptualizingPaper\n  \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n  \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@Article{\t  515235,\n  abstract\t= {This essay investigates the possibility of formulating a\n\t\t  much needed new direction for postcolonial studies by\n\t\t  focusing on a certain thread of argument in Edward Said's\n\t\t  Orientalism, one that suggests that Orientalism is more an\n\t\t  account of how the West experienced the Orient than it is a\n\t\t  description about a place in the world, viz. the Orient. In\n\t\t  this sense, 'the Orient' is both a place in the world and\n\t\t  an entity that exists only in western experience.\n\t\t  Orientalism is not only an experiential discourse but also\n\t\t  a way of structuring this experience. The essay suggests\n\t\t  that to dispute the truth status of this discourse and its\n\t\t  descriptions is to stay within the framework of the\n\t\t  colonial experience. Moreover, since Orientalism developed\n\t\t  in continuous interaction with and as a part of the growth\n\t\t  of social sciences, the latter cannot possibly offer an\n\t\t  alternative to Orientalism. Both are expressions of the\n\t\t  experience of one culture, the West. To understand the way\n\t\t  western culture has described both itself and others is to\n\t\t  begin understanding western culture. The challenge of\n\t\t  Orientalism, then, is a challenge to understand western\n\t\t  culture itself. Consequently, a critique of Orientalism\n\t\t  becomes coterminous with the task of creating alternative\n\t\t  theories in the domain of the humanities and social\n\t\t  sciences.},\n  author\t= {Balagangadhara, S.N. and Keppens, Marianne},\n  editor\t= {Young, Robert},\n  issn\t\t= {1369-801X},\n  journal\t= {INTERVENTIONS-INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF POSTCOLONIAL\n\t\t  STUDIES},\n  keywords\t= {postcolonial studies,Orientalism,Colonialism,cultural\n\t\t  difference,India,Edward Said,social sciences.},\n  language\t= {eng},\n  number\t= {1},\n  pages\t\t= {50--68},\n  publisher\t= {Routledge},\n  title\t\t= {Reconceptualizing the postcolonial project: beyond the\n\t\t  strictures and structures of orientalism},\n  url\t\t= {http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13698010902752731},\n  volume\t= {11},\n  year\t\t= {2009}\n}\n\n
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\n This essay investigates the possibility of formulating a much needed new direction for postcolonial studies by focusing on a certain thread of argument in Edward Said's Orientalism, one that suggests that Orientalism is more an account of how the West experienced the Orient than it is a description about a place in the world, viz. the Orient. In this sense, 'the Orient' is both a place in the world and an entity that exists only in western experience. Orientalism is not only an experiential discourse but also a way of structuring this experience. The essay suggests that to dispute the truth status of this discourse and its descriptions is to stay within the framework of the colonial experience. Moreover, since Orientalism developed in continuous interaction with and as a part of the growth of social sciences, the latter cannot possibly offer an alternative to Orientalism. Both are expressions of the experience of one culture, the West. To understand the way western culture has described both itself and others is to begin understanding western culture. The challenge of Orientalism, then, is a challenge to understand western culture itself. Consequently, a critique of Orientalism becomes coterminous with the task of creating alternative theories in the domain of the humanities and social sciences.\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Liberty, tyranny and the will of God: the principle of toleration in early modern Europe and colonial India.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n De Roover, J.; and Balagangadhara, S.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n HISTORY OF POLITICAL THOUGHT, 30(1): 111–139. 2009.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n  \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@Article{\t  595917,\n  abstract\t= {Early modern political thought transformed toleration from\n\t\t  a prudential consideration into a moral obligation. Three\n\t\t  questions need to be answered by any explanation of this\n\t\t  transition: Did religious toleration really become an\n\t\t  obligation of the state in this period? If this was the\n\t\t  case, how could tolerating heresy and idolatry possibly\n\t\t  become a moral duty to Christians? How could Europeans both\n\t\t  condemn practices as idolatrous and immoral, and yet insist\n\t\t  that these practices ought to be tolerated? To answer these\n\t\t  questions, the article shows how the early policy of\n\t\t  toleration in British India was constituted by a Protestant\n\t\t  theological framework. Toleration turned into a moral\n\t\t  obligation, it is argued, because the Reformation had\n\t\t  identified liberty in the religious realm as God’s will\n\t\t  for humanity. This gave rise to a dynamic in which\n\t\t  Christian states and churches were continuously challenged\n\t\t  for their violations of religious liberty. The principle of\n\t\t  toleration developed as a part of this dynamic.},\n  author\t= {De Roover, Jakob and Balagangadhara, S.N.},\n  issn\t\t= {0143-781X},\n  journal\t= {HISTORY OF POLITICAL THOUGHT},\n  keywords\t= {early modern political thought,toleration,sati,Protestant\n\t\t  Reformation,colonial India},\n  language\t= {eng},\n  number\t= {1},\n  pages\t\t= {111--139},\n  title\t\t= {Liberty, tyranny and the will of God: the principle of\n\t\t  toleration in early modern Europe and colonial India},\n  volume\t= {30},\n  year\t\t= {2009}\n}\n\n
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\n Early modern political thought transformed toleration from a prudential consideration into a moral obligation. Three questions need to be answered by any explanation of this transition: Did religious toleration really become an obligation of the state in this period? If this was the case, how could tolerating heresy and idolatry possibly become a moral duty to Christians? How could Europeans both condemn practices as idolatrous and immoral, and yet insist that these practices ought to be tolerated? To answer these questions, the article shows how the early policy of toleration in British India was constituted by a Protestant theological framework. Toleration turned into a moral obligation, it is argued, because the Reformation had identified liberty in the religious realm as God’s will for humanity. This gave rise to a dynamic in which Christian states and churches were continuously challenged for their violations of religious liberty. The principle of toleration developed as a part of this dynamic.\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Study in Belgium: Quality Education and Infrastructure for Indian Students.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Claerhout, S.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n 2009.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n \"StudyPaper\n  \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@Misc{\t\t  740128,\n  author\t= {Claerhout, Sarah},\n  keywords\t= {Indian students,academic collaboration},\n  language\t= {eng},\n  publisher\t= {Belgian Embassy in India},\n  series\t= {Belgium in Focus: Publication of the Embassy of Belgium in\n\t\t  India},\n  title\t\t= {Study in Belgium: Quality Education and Infrastructure for\n\t\t  Indian Students},\n  url\t\t= {http://www.diplomatie.be/newdelhi/media/newdelhi/belgium%20in%20focus.pdf},\n  year\t\t= {2009}\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Smruti, Vismruti: Bharatiya Samskruti.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Balagangadhara, S.; and Hegde, R.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Akshara Prakashana, 2009.\n \n\n\n\n
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@Book{\t\t  740845,\n  author\t= {Balagangadhara, S.N. and Hegde, Rajaram},\n  language\t= {kan},\n  pages\t\t= {572},\n  publisher\t= {Akshara Prakashana},\n  title\t\t= {Smruti, Vismruti: Bharatiya Samskruti},\n  year\t\t= {2009}\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Het gevaar van de hoofddoek.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n De Roover, J.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n 2009.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@Misc{\t\t  765563,\n  author\t= {De Roover, Jakob},\n  issn\t\t= {0779-3847},\n  language\t= {dut},\n  number\t= {8 september},\n  pages\t\t= {1},\n  series\t= {De Standaard},\n  title\t\t= {Het gevaar van de hoofddoek},\n  year\t\t= {2009}\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Why terrorists bite the hand that feeds them.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n De Roover, J.; and Balagangadhara, S.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n 2009.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@Misc{\t\t  770592,\n  author\t= {De Roover, Jakob and Balagangadhara, S.N.},\n  issn\t\t= {1106-8299},\n  language\t= {eng},\n  number\t= {October 25-31},\n  series\t= {New Europe: The European Weekly},\n  title\t\t= {Why terrorists bite the hand that feeds them},\n  volume\t= {857},\n  year\t\t= {2009}\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Report on 'Rethinking Religion in India II: Rethinking Secularism'.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Bloch, E.; and Keppens, M.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n 2009.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@Misc{\t\t  786489,\n  author\t= {Bloch, Esther and Keppens, Marianne},\n  issn\t\t= {0362-4811},\n  keywords\t= {India,Indian religions,Hinduism,religion,Rethinking\n\t\t  Religion in India,conference},\n  language\t= {eng},\n  number\t= {2},\n  pages\t\t= {26--26},\n  series\t= {Asian Studies Newsletter},\n  title\t\t= {Report on 'Rethinking Religion in India II: Rethinking\n\t\t  Secularism'},\n  volume\t= {54},\n  year\t\t= {2009}\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n What do Indians need? A history or the past?.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Balagangadhara, S.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n MAATHU-KATHE, 23(1): 1–27. 2009.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@Article{\t  808237,\n  author\t= {Balagangadhara, S.N.},\n  journal\t= {MAATHU-KATHE},\n  keywords\t= {Past,Indian culture,History},\n  language\t= {eng},\n  number\t= {1},\n  pages\t\t= {1--27},\n  title\t\t= {What do Indians need? A history or the past?},\n  volume\t= {23},\n  year\t\t= {2009}\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Spirituality in management theories: a perspective from India.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Balagangadhara, S.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In Nandram, S. S.; and Borden, M. E., editor(s), Spirituality and Business : exploring possibilities for a new management paradigm, pages 45–59. Springer, 2009.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n \"SpiritualityPaper\n  \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@InCollection{\t  818483,\n  author\t= {Balagangadhara, S.N.},\n  booktitle\t= {Spirituality and Business : exploring possibilities for a\n\t\t  new management paradigm},\n  editor\t= {Nandram, Sharda Shirley and Borden, Margot Esther},\n  isbn\t\t= {978-3-642-02660-7},\n  keywords\t= {Spirituality,India},\n  language\t= {eng},\n  pages\t\t= {45--59},\n  publisher\t= {Springer},\n  title\t\t= {Spirituality in management theories: a perspective from\n\t\t  India},\n  url\t\t= {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-02661-4_4},\n  year\t\t= {2009}\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Why understand the Western culture?.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Balagangadhara, S.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n TARIKH : HISTORY SOCIETY JOURNAL, 2008-2009: 9–13. 2009.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@Article{\t  818865,\n  author\t= {Balagangadhara, S.N.},\n  journal\t= {TARIKH : HISTORY SOCIETY JOURNAL},\n  keywords\t= {Western culture,cultures,Comparative science,India},\n  language\t= {eng},\n  pages\t\t= {9--13},\n  publisher\t= {St. Stephen's College},\n  title\t\t= {Why understand the Western culture?},\n  volume\t= {2008-2009},\n  year\t\t= {2009}\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n What should religious studies do, if it is to have a future?.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Balagangadhara, S.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n PANTHEON (PARDUBICE), 4: 7–22. 2009.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@Article{\t  945076,\n  author\t= {Balagangadhara, S.N.},\n  issn\t\t= {1803-2443},\n  journal\t= {PANTHEON (PARDUBICE)},\n  keywords\t= {religious studies,Hinduism,comparative science of\n\t\t  cultures,India},\n  language\t= {eng},\n  pages\t\t= {7--22},\n  title\t\t= {What should religious studies do, if it is to have a\n\t\t  future?},\n  volume\t= {4},\n  year\t\t= {2009}\n}\n\n
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\n  \n 2008\n \n \n (20)\n \n \n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Rethinking colonialism and colonial consciousness: the case of modern India.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Balagangadhara, S.; Bloch, E.; and De Roover, J.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In Raval, S.; Mehta, G.; and Yashaschandra, S., editor(s), Forms of knowledge in India : critical revaluations, pages 179–212. Pencraft International, 2008.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n \"RethinkingPaper\n  \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@InCollection{\t  384434,\n  author\t= {Balagangadhara, S.N. and Bloch, Esther and De Roover,\n\t\t  Jakob},\n  booktitle\t= {Forms of knowledge in India : critical revaluations},\n  editor\t= {Raval, Suresh and Mehta, GM and Yashaschandra, Sitanshu},\n  isbn\t\t= {8185753865},\n  language\t= {eng},\n  pages\t\t= {179--212},\n  publisher\t= {Pencraft International},\n  title\t\t= {Rethinking colonialism and colonial consciousness: the\n\t\t  case of modern India},\n  year\t\t= {2008},\n  url\t\t= "https://www.academia.edu/4214196/Rethinking_Colonialism_and_Colonial_Consciousness",\n}\n\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Is vechten tegen stereotypen nutteloos?.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Claerhout, S.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n MO (BRUSSEL). 2008.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@Article{\t  390952,\n  author\t= {Claerhout, Sarah},\n  issn\t\t= {1379-5619},\n  journal\t= {MO (BRUSSEL)},\n  language\t= {dut},\n  title\t\t= {Is vechten tegen stereotypen nutteloos?},\n  year\t\t= {2008}\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n De schadelijke gevolgen van goede bedoelingen: de Europese strijd tegen kastendiscriminatie.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Keppens, M.; and Claerhout, S.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Mondiaal Magazine. 2008.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@Article{\t  425724,\n  author\t= {Keppens, Marianne and Claerhout, Sarah},\n  issn\t\t= {1379-5619},\n  journal\t= {Mondiaal Magazine},\n  language\t= {eng},\n  title\t\t= {De schadelijke gevolgen van goede bedoelingen: de Europese\n\t\t  strijd tegen kastendiscriminatie},\n  year\t\t= {2008}\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Viewing the headscarf as just a piece of clothing can stop us getting tied up in knots.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n De Roover, J.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n THE IRISH TIMES (INTERNATIONAL ED.), (26 mei): 11–11. 2008.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@Article{\t  426572,\n  author\t= {De Roover, Jakob},\n  issn\t\t= {1649-6701},\n  journal\t= {THE IRISH TIMES (INTERNATIONAL ED.)},\n  language\t= {eng},\n  number\t= {26 mei},\n  pages\t\t= {11--11},\n  title\t\t= {Viewing the headscarf as just a piece of clothing can stop\n\t\t  us getting tied up in knots},\n  year\t\t= {2008}\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Does Europe have a civilising mission in India?.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n De Roover, J.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n New Europe: The European Weekly, June 15-21: 19–19. 2008.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@Article{\t  426573,\n  author\t= {De Roover, Jakob},\n  issn\t\t= {N/A},\n  journal\t= {New Europe: The European Weekly},\n  language\t= {und},\n  pages\t\t= {19--19},\n  title\t\t= {Does Europe have a civilising mission in India?},\n  volume\t= {June 15-21},\n  year\t\t= {2008}\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n No point in banning headscarves and turbans.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n De Roover, J.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n THE IRISH TIMES (INTERNATIONAL ED.),16–16. 2008.\n \n\n\n\n
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@Article{\t  426574,\n  author\t= {De Roover, Jakob},\n  issn\t\t= {1649-6701},\n  journal\t= {THE IRISH TIMES (INTERNATIONAL ED.)},\n  language\t= {eng},\n  pages\t\t= {16--16},\n  title\t\t= {No point in banning headscarves and turbans},\n  year\t\t= {2008}\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Europa moet ophouden met betuttelen.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n De Roover, J.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n 2008.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@Misc{\t\t  426575,\n  author\t= {De Roover, Jakob},\n  issn\t\t= {0002-5259},\n  language\t= {dut},\n  number\t= {20 juni},\n  pages\t\t= {6--6},\n  series\t= {NRC HANDELSBLAD (ROTTERDAM)},\n  title\t\t= {Europa moet ophouden met betuttelen},\n  year\t\t= {2008}\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n The Indian Jews.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n De Roover, J.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Outlook India,2. 2008.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n \"ThePaper\n  \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@Article{\t  426582,\n  author\t= {De Roover, Jakob},\n  journal\t= {Outlook India},\n  language\t= {eng},\n  pages\t\t= {2},\n  title\t\t= {The Indian Jews},\n  url\t\t= "https://www.outlookindia.com/website/story/the-indian-jews/237702",\n  year\t\t= {2008}\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n 'Superieur' Europa wiegt zichzelf in slaap.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n De Roover, J.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n 2008.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@Misc{\t\t  429000,\n  author\t= {De Roover, Jakob},\n  issn\t\t= {0779-3847},\n  language\t= {dut},\n  pages\t\t= {8--8},\n  series\t= {De Standaard},\n  title\t\t= {'Superieur' Europa wiegt zichzelf in slaap},\n  year\t\t= {2008}\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n John Locke, Christian liberty, and the predicament of liberal toleration.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n De Roover, J.; and Balagangadhara, S.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n POLITICAL THEORY, 36(4): 523–549. 2008.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n \"JohnPaper\n  \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n  \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@Article{\t  429418,\n  abstract\t= {Recently, scholars have disputed whether Locke's political\n\t\t  theory should be read as the groundwork of secular\n\t\t  liberalism or as a Protestant political theology. Focusing\n\t\t  on Locke's mature theory of toleration, the article raises\n\t\t  a central question: What if these two readings are\n\t\t  compatible? That is, what would be the consequences if\n\t\t  Locke's political philosophy has theological foundations,\n\t\t  but has also given shape to secular liberalism? Examining\n\t\t  Locke's theory in the Letter Concerning Toleration (1689),\n\t\t  the article argues that this is indeed the case. The\n\t\t  liberal model of toleration is a secularization of the\n\t\t  theology of Christian liberty and its division of society\n\t\t  into a temporal political kingdom and the spiritual kingdom\n\t\t  of Christ. Therefore, when liberal toleration travels\n\t\t  beyond the boundaries of the Christian West or when western\n\t\t  societies become multicultural, it threatens to lose its\n\t\t  intelligibility.},\n  author\t= {De Roover, Jakob and Balagangadhara, S.N.},\n  issn\t\t= {0090-5917},\n  journal\t= {POLITICAL THEORY},\n  keywords\t= {Locke,toleration,liberalism,secular\n\t\t  state,secularization,HARM\n\t\t  PRINCIPLE,PORNOGRAPHY,PRIVATE,JEFFERSON,THOMAS,MILL,JOHN,STUART,SEPARATION,NEUTRALITY,STATE},\n  language\t= {eng},\n  number\t= {4},\n  pages\t\t= {523--549},\n  title\t\t= {John Locke, Christian liberty, and the predicament of\n\t\t  liberal toleration},\n  url\t\t= {http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0090591708317969},\n  volume\t= {36},\n  year\t\t= {2008}\n}\n\n
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\n Recently, scholars have disputed whether Locke's political theory should be read as the groundwork of secular liberalism or as a Protestant political theology. Focusing on Locke's mature theory of toleration, the article raises a central question: What if these two readings are compatible? That is, what would be the consequences if Locke's political philosophy has theological foundations, but has also given shape to secular liberalism? Examining Locke's theory in the Letter Concerning Toleration (1689), the article argues that this is indeed the case. The liberal model of toleration is a secularization of the theology of Christian liberty and its division of society into a temporal political kingdom and the spiritual kingdom of Christ. Therefore, when liberal toleration travels beyond the boundaries of the Christian West or when western societies become multicultural, it threatens to lose its intelligibility.\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Are dialogues antidotes to violence? Two recent examples from Hinduism studies.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Balagangadhara, S.; and Claerhout, S.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n JOURNAL FOR THE STUDY OF RELIGIONS AND IDEOLOGIES, 7(19): 118–142. 2008.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n \"ArePaper\n  \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@Article{\t  430732,\n  author\t= {Balagangadhara, S.N. and Claerhout, Sarah},\n  issn\t\t= {1583-0039},\n  journal\t= {JOURNAL FOR THE STUDY OF RELIGIONS AND IDEOLOGIES},\n  language\t= {eng},\n  number\t= {19},\n  pages\t\t= {118--142},\n  title\t\t= {Are dialogues antidotes to violence? Two recent examples\n\t\t  from Hinduism studies},\n  url\t\t= "http://jsri.ro/ojs/index.php/jsri/article/download/409/407",\n  volume\t= {7},\n  year\t\t= {2008}\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Religion and the Secular.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Claerhout, S.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n NUMEN-INTERNATIONAL REVIEW FOR THE HISTORY OF RELIGIONS, 55(5): 601–607. 2008.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@Article{\t  444450,\n  author\t= {Claerhout, Sarah},\n  issn\t\t= {0029-5973},\n  journal\t= {NUMEN-INTERNATIONAL REVIEW FOR THE HISTORY OF RELIGIONS},\n  language\t= {eng},\n  number\t= {5},\n  pages\t\t= {601--607},\n  title\t\t= {Religion and the Secular},\n  volume\t= {55},\n  year\t\t= {2008}\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Conversion of the World: Proselytization in India and the Universalisation of Christianity.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Claerhout, S.; and De Roover, J.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In Proselytization Revisited: Rights Talk, Free Markets and Culture Wars, pages 53–76. Equinox Publishing Ltd, 2008.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@InCollection{\t  444460,\n  author\t= {Claerhout, Sarah and De Roover, Jakob},\n  booktitle\t= {Proselytization Revisited: Rights Talk, Free Markets and\n\t\t  Culture Wars},\n  isbn\t\t= {978-1-84553-227-7},\n  language\t= {und},\n  pages\t\t= {53--76},\n  publisher\t= {Equinox Publishing Ltd},\n  title\t\t= {Conversion of the World: Proselytization in India and the\n\t\t  Universalisation of Christianity},\n  year\t\t= {2008}\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Why understand the Western culture?.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Balagangadhara, S.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In Rao Khadpekar, N., editor(s), Understanding Multiculturalism, pages 184–195. Icfai University Press, 2008.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@InCollection{\t  600566,\n  author\t= {Balagangadhara, S.N.},\n  booktitle\t= {Understanding Multiculturalism},\n  editor\t= {Rao Khadpekar, Nirmala},\n  isbn\t\t= {9788131414194},\n  language\t= {eng},\n  pages\t\t= {184--195},\n  publisher\t= {Icfai University Press},\n  title\t\t= {Why understand the Western culture?},\n  year\t\t= {2008}\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Comparing India and the West.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Balagangadhara, S.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n ASIANETWORK EXCHANGE, 16(1): 57–63. 2008.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@Article{\t  600578,\n  author\t= {Balagangadhara, S.N.},\n  issn\t\t= {1943-9938},\n  journal\t= {ASIANETWORK EXCHANGE},\n  keywords\t= {culture,India,West},\n  language\t= {eng},\n  number\t= {1},\n  pages\t\t= {57--63},\n  title\t\t= {Comparing India and the West},\n  volume\t= {16},\n  year\t\t= {2008}\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Crimes are Transformed into Moral Acts.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Balagangadhara, S.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Tehelka Magazine, 5(49). 2008.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@Article{\t  600580,\n  author\t= {Balagangadhara, S.N.},\n  editor\t= {Tejpal, Tarun J.},\n  issn\t\t= {N/A},\n  journal\t= {Tehelka Magazine},\n  language\t= {eng},\n  number\t= {49},\n  publisher\t= {Tarun J. Tejpal},\n  title\t\t= {Crimes are Transformed into Moral Acts},\n  volume\t= {5},\n  year\t\t= {2008}\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Mumbai: Demonstratieles voor Would-Be Terroristen.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Balagangadhara, S.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n 2008.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@Misc{\t\t  600585,\n  author\t= {Balagangadhara, S.N.},\n  issn\t\t= {1374-7916},\n  language\t= {eng},\n  number\t= {29 november},\n  publisher\t= {De Morgen},\n  series\t= {De Morgen},\n  title\t\t= {Mumbai: Demonstratieles voor Would-Be Terroristen},\n  year\t\t= {2008}\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n De tijd, het geluk en ervaring.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Balagangadhara, S.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n JAARVERSLAG : OIKONDE LEUVEN, 2(2): 13–14. 2008.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@Article{\t  600587,\n  author\t= {Balagangadhara, S.N.},\n  issn\t\t= {1781-0493},\n  journal\t= {JAARVERSLAG : OIKONDE LEUVEN},\n  language\t= {dut},\n  number\t= {2},\n  pages\t\t= {13--14},\n  title\t\t= {De tijd, het geluk en ervaring},\n  volume\t= {2},\n  year\t\t= {2008}\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Vlaanderen en India.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Claerhout, S.; and De Roover, J.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n 2008.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@Misc{\t\t  740997,\n  author\t= {Claerhout, Sarah and De Roover, Jakob},\n  issn\t\t= {1374-7916},\n  keywords\t= {India},\n  language\t= {dut},\n  series\t= {De Morgen},\n  title\t\t= {Vlaanderen en India},\n  year\t\t= {2008}\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Rethinking religion in India.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Bloch, E.; and Keppens, M.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n INDIA & YOU, (november-december). 2008.\n \n\n\n\n
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@Article{\t  786473,\n  author\t= {Bloch, Esther and Keppens, Marianne},\n  issn\t\t= {1950-3482},\n  journal\t= {INDIA & YOU},\n  keywords\t= {India,Rethinking Religion in India,Religion},\n  language\t= {eng},\n  number\t= {november-december},\n  title\t\t= {Rethinking religion in India},\n  year\t\t= {2008}\n}\n\n
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\n  \n 2007\n \n \n (12)\n \n \n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Antibekeringswetten zetten India in rep en roer.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Claerhout, S.; and De Roover, J.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n TERTIO (ANTWERPEN), 367: 8–9. 2007.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@Article{\t  354762,\n  author\t= {Claerhout, Sarah and De Roover, Jakob},\n  issn\t\t= {1375-6796},\n  journal\t= {TERTIO (ANTWERPEN)},\n  language\t= {dut},\n  pages\t\t= {8--9},\n  title\t\t= {Antibekeringswetten zetten India in rep en roer},\n  volume\t= {367},\n  year\t\t= {2007}\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Facing the Challenge of American Pluralism: On the Future of the NRI Community.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n De Roover, J.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n India-forum.com. 2007.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n \"FacingPaper\n  \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@Article{\t  355379,\n  author\t= {De Roover, Jakob},\n  journal\t= {India-forum.com},\n  language\t= {und},\n  title\t\t= {Facing the Challenge of American Pluralism: On the Future\n\t\t  of the NRI Community},\n  year\t\t= {2007},\n  url\t\t= "https://www.hipkapi.com/2011/04/02/facing-the-challenge-of-american-pluralism-on-the-future-of-nri-community/",\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n The Swami, the Priest and the Rediscovery of the Indian Traditions: A Reply to Chitra Raman.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n De Roover, J.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n India-forum.com. 2007.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n \"ThePaper\n  \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@Article{\t  359586,\n  author\t= {De Roover, Jakob},\n  journal\t= {India-forum.com},\n  language\t= {und},\n  title\t\t= {The Swami, the Priest and the Rediscovery of the Indian\n\t\t  Traditions: A Reply to Chitra Raman},\n  year\t\t= {2007},\n  url\t\t= "https://www.hipkapi.com/2020/09/22/the-swami-the-priest-and-the-rediscovery-of-the-indian-traditions/"\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n The secular state and religious conflict: liberal neutrality and the Indian case of pluralism.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Balagangadhara, S.; and De Roover, J.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n JOURNAL OF POLITICAL PHILOSOPHY, (1): 67–92. 2007.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n \"ThePaper\n  \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@Article{\t  364874,\n  author\t= {Balagangadhara, S.N. and De Roover, Jakob},\n  issn\t\t= {0963-8016},\n  journal\t= {JOURNAL OF POLITICAL PHILOSOPHY},\n  language\t= {eng},\n  number\t= {1},\n  pages\t\t= {67--92},\n  title\t\t= {The secular state and religious conflict: liberal\n\t\t  neutrality and the Indian case of pluralism},\n  url\t\t= "https://sites.google.com/site/heathenfaqs/jopp1.pdf",\n  volumr\t= {15},\n  year\t\t= {2007}\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Translations, or travesty of traditions?.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Balagangadhara, S.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n India-forum. 2007.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n \"Translations,Paper\n  \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@Article{\t  366842,\n  author\t= {Balagangadhara, S.N.},\n  journal\t= {India-forum},\n  language\t= {eng},\n  title\t\t= {Translations, or travesty of traditions?},\n  year\t\t= {2007},\n  url\t\t= "https://www.hipkapi.com/2011/04/02/translations-or-travesty-of-traditions-s-n-balagangadhara/",\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n To follow our forefathers? the nature of tradition.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Balagangadhara, S.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n India-forum.com. 2007.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n \"ToPaper\n  \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@Article{\t  366844,\n  author\t= {Balagangadhara, S.N.},\n  journal\t= {India-forum.com},\n  language\t= {eng},\n  title\t\t= {To follow our forefathers? the nature of tradition},\n  year\t\t= {2007},\n  url\t\t= "https://www.hipkapi.com/2011/04/02/to-follow-our-forefathers-the-nature-of-tradition-s-n-balagangadhara/",\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Why understand the western culture?.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Balagangadhara, S.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n India-forum.com. 2007.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n \"WhyPaper\n  \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@Article{\t  367713,\n  author\t= {Balagangadhara, S.N.},\n  journal\t= {India-forum.com},\n  language\t= {eng},\n  title\t\t= {Why understand the western culture?},\n  year\t\t= {2007},\n  url\t\t= "https://www.hipkapi.com/2011/04/02/why-understand-the-western-culture-s-n-balagangadhara/",\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n India and her traditions: a reply to Jeffrey Kripal.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Balagangadhara, S.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In Ramaswamy, K.; de Nicolas, A.; and Banerjee, A., editor(s), Invading the sacred : an analysis of hinduism studies in America, pages 429–447. Rupa, 2007.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n \"IndiaPaper\n  \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
\n
@InCollection{\t  384436,\n  author\t= {Balagangadhara, S.N.},\n  booktitle\t= {Invading the sacred : an analysis of hinduism studies in\n\t\t  America},\n  editor\t= {Ramaswamy, Krishnan and de Nicolas, Antonio and Banerjee,\n\t\t  Aditi},\n  isbn\t\t= {978-81-291-1182-1},\n  language\t= {eng},\n  pages\t\t= {429--447},\n  publisher\t= {Rupa},\n  title\t\t= {India and her traditions: a reply to Jeffrey Kripal},\n  year\t\t= {2007},\n  url\t\t= "https://www.hipkapi.com/2011/02/28/india-and-her-traditions-a-reply-to-jeffrey-kripal-s-n-balagangadhara/",\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Balagangadhara on the biblical underpinnings of ’secular’ social sciences.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Balagangadhara, S.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In Invading the sacred : an analysis of hinduism studies in America, pages 123–131. Rupa, 2007.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n \"BalagangadharaPaper\n  \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@InCollection{\t  384437,\n  author\t= {Balagangadhara, S.N.},\n  booktitle\t= {Invading the sacred : an analysis of hinduism studies in\n\t\t  America},\n  isbn\t\t= {978-81-291-1182-1},\n  language\t= {eng},\n  pages\t\t= {123--131},\n  publisher\t= {Rupa},\n  title\t\t= {Balagangadhara on the biblical underpinnings of\n\t\t  ’secular’ social sciences},\n  year\t\t= {2007},\n  url\t\t= "https://www.hipkapi.com/2011/02/28/negative-portrayals-of-non-western-cultures-like-indian-secularization-of-christianity-s-n-balagangadhara/",\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Decolonising the social sciences, utopia or a task for today?.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Balagangadhara, S.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n JOURNAL OF KARNATAKA STUDIES, 3-4(1-2): 269–283. 2007.\n \n\n\n\n
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@Article{\t  734513,\n  author\t= {Balagangadhara, S.N.},\n  editor\t= {Thambanda, Vijay Poonacha},\n  journal\t= {JOURNAL OF KARNATAKA STUDIES},\n  keywords\t= {western culture,Social Sciences,India,postcolonial\n\t\t  studies},\n  language\t= {eng},\n  number\t= {1-2},\n  pages\t\t= {269--283},\n  publisher\t= {Prasaranga},\n  title\t\t= {Decolonising the social sciences, utopia or a task for\n\t\t  today?},\n  volume\t= {3-4},\n  year\t\t= {2007}\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Foreword.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Balagangadhara, S.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In Ramaswamy, K.; de Nicolás, A. T; and Banerjee, A., editor(s), Invading the Sacred : an analysis of Hinduism studies in America, pages vii–xi. Rupa, 2007.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@InCollection{\t  735369,\n  author\t= {Balagangadhara, S.N.},\n  booktitle\t= {Invading the Sacred : an analysis of Hinduism studies in\n\t\t  America},\n  editor\t= {Ramaswamy, Krishnan and de Nicolás, Antonio T and\n\t\t  Banerjee, Aditi},\n  isbn\t\t= {8129111829},\n  language\t= {eng},\n  pages\t\t= {vii--xi},\n  publisher\t= {Rupa},\n  title\t\t= {Foreword},\n  year\t\t= {2007}\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n What can India offer?.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Balagangadhara, S.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Outlook India, (5 July). 2007.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n \"WhatPaper\n  \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@Article{\t  822080,\n  author\t= {Balagangadhara, S.N.},\n  journal\t= {Outlook India},\n  language\t= {eng},\n  number\t= {5 July},\n  publisher\t= {Outlook India},\n  title\t\t= {What can India offer?},\n  year\t\t= {2007},\n  url\t\t= "https://www.outlookindia.com/website/story/what-can-india-offer/235020",\n}\n\n
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\n  \n 2006\n \n \n (5)\n \n \n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Courting Controversy in the West.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n De Roover, J.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n ECONOMIC AND POLITICAL WEEKLY., 41(18): 1764–1765. 2006.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n \"CourtingPaper\n  \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@Article{\t  340437,\n  author\t= {De Roover, Jakob},\n  issn\t\t= {0012-9976},\n  journal\t= {ECONOMIC AND POLITICAL WEEKLY.},\n  language\t= {und},\n  number\t= {18},\n  pages\t\t= {1764--1765},\n  title\t\t= {Courting Controversy in the West},\n  volume\t= {41},\n  url\t\t= "https://www.hipkapi.com/2011/04/02/courting-controversy-in-the-west/",\n  year\t\t= {2006}\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Imagining hinduism: a postcolonial perspective.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Balagangadhara, S.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n 2006.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n \"ImaginingPaper\n  \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@Misc{\t\t  347376,\n  author\t= {Balagangadhara, S.N.},\n  issn\t\t= {0002-7189},\n  language\t= {eng},\n  number\t= {3},\n  pages\t\t= {801--805},\n  publisher\t= {OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC},\n  series\t= {JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY OF RELIGION},\n  title\t\t= {Imagining hinduism: a postcolonial perspective},\n  volume\t= {74},\n  year\t\t= {2006},\n  url\t\t= "https://www.hipkapi.com/2011/04/02/review-of-imagining-hinduism/",\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Secularisation as the harbinger of religious violence in India: hybridisation, Hindutva and post-coloniality.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Balagangadhara, S.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In Hybridising East and West : tales beyond westernisation : empirical contributions to the debates on hybridity, pages 145–181. LIT Verlag, 2006.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
\n
@InCollection{\t  354721,\n  author\t= {Balagangadhara, S.N.},\n  booktitle\t= {Hybridising East and West : tales beyond westernisation :\n\t\t  empirical contributions to the debates on hybridity},\n  isbn\t\t= {3-8258-0155-1},\n  language\t= {eng},\n  pages\t\t= {145--181},\n  publisher\t= {LIT Verlag},\n  title\t\t= {Secularisation as the harbinger of religious violence in\n\t\t  India: hybridisation, Hindutva and post-coloniality},\n  year\t\t= {2006}\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Waar zijn de argumenten van de Indiër?.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Balagangadhara, S.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n KARAKTER (LEUVEN), (14): 3–5. 2006.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n \"WaarPaper\n  \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
\n
@Article{\t  354728,\n  author\t= {Balagangadhara, S.N.},\n  issn\t\t= {1379-0390},\n  journal\t= {KARAKTER (LEUVEN)},\n  language\t= {dut},\n  number\t= {14},\n  pages\t\t= {3--5},\n  title\t\t= {Waar zijn de argumenten van de Indiër?},\n  year\t\t= {2006},\n  url\t\t= "https://www.hipkapi.com/2011/03/05/review-of-argumentative-indian-s-n-balagangadhara/",\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Towards a Positive Portrayal of the Hindu Traditions? The NRI Community and the California Textbook Controversy.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n De Roover, J.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n India-forum.com. 2006.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n \"TowardsPaper\n  \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@Article{\t  355381,\n  author\t= {De Roover, Jakob},\n  journal\t= {India-forum.com},\n  language\t= {und},\n  title\t\t= {Towards a Positive Portrayal of the Hindu Traditions? The\n\t\t  NRI Community and the California Textbook Controversy},\n  year\t\t= {2006},\n  url\t\t= "https://www.hipkapi.com/2011/04/02/towards-a-positive-portrayal-of-hindu-traditions/",\n}\n\n
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\n  \n 2005\n \n \n (4)\n \n \n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n The Question of Conversion in India.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Claerhout, S.; and De Roover, J.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n ECONOMIC AND POLITICAL WEEKLY., XL(28): 3048–3055. 2005.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n \"ThePaper\n  \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@Article{\t  322088,\n  author\t= {Claerhout, Sarah and De Roover, Jakob},\n  issn\t\t= {0012-9976},\n  journal\t= {ECONOMIC AND POLITICAL WEEKLY.},\n  language\t= {und},\n  number\t= {28},\n  pages\t\t= {3048--3055},\n  title\t\t= {The Question of Conversion in India},\n  volume\t= {XL},\n  url\t\t= "https://www.academia.edu/1585967/The_question_of_conversion_in_India",\n  year\t\t= {2005}\n}\n\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n How to speak for the Indian traditions : an agenda for the future.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Balagangadhara, S.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY OF RELIGION, 73(4): 987–1013. 2005.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n \"HowPaper\n  \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n  \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
\n
@Article{\t  328911,\n  abstract\t= {The article attempts a contrast between the process and\n\t\t  the structure of the Christian and the Indian spirituality.\n\t\t  Drawing attention to their dissimilarities, it attempts to\n\t\t  reformulate the differences among the Indian traditions in\n\t\t  a novel way. It argues that cultures and traditions are not\n\t\t  just different; rather that they differ from each other in\n\t\t  different ways as well. The future of religious studies, it\n\t\t  is suggested, is dependent on developing the ability to\n\t\t  develop new ways of describing the differences between\n\t\t  cultures and traditions. This is the agenda for the future.\n\t\t  As a correlate to this task, the article suggests that we\n\t\t  replace the question "who speaks 'for' and 'about' a\n\t\t  religion?" with a more pregnant and a more accurate\n\t\t  reformulation: "how to speak for a religion in the\n\t\t  Academy?".},\n  author\t= {Balagangadhara, S.N.},\n  issn\t\t= {0002-7189},\n  journal\t= {JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY OF RELIGION},\n  language\t= {eng},\n  number\t= {4},\n  pages\t\t= {987--1013},\n  title\t\t= {How to speak for the Indian traditions : an agenda for the\n\t\t  future},\n  url\t\t=  "https://drive.google.com/file/d/0Bwte3_9g4U6oa3ZTeHVESk5lUEU/view?usp=sharing",\n  volume\t= {73},\n  year\t\t= {2005}\n}\n\n
\n
\n\n\n
\n The article attempts a contrast between the process and the structure of the Christian and the Indian spirituality. Drawing attention to their dissimilarities, it attempts to reformulate the differences among the Indian traditions in a novel way. It argues that cultures and traditions are not just different; rather that they differ from each other in different ways as well. The future of religious studies, it is suggested, is dependent on developing the ability to develop new ways of describing the differences between cultures and traditions. This is the agenda for the future. As a correlate to this task, the article suggests that we replace the question \"who speaks 'for' and 'about' a religion?\" with a more pregnant and a more accurate reformulation: \"how to speak for a religion in the Academy?\".\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \"The heathen in his blindness...\": Asia, the West and the dynamic of religion.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Balagangadhara, S.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Manohar, 2005.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n \""ThePaper\n  \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@Book{\t\t  328921,\n  author\t= {Balagangadhara, S.N.},\n  isbn\t\t= {8173046085},\n  language\t= {eng},\n  pages\t\t= {503},\n  publisher\t= {Manohar},\n  title\t\t= {"The heathen in his blindness...": Asia, the West and the\n\t\t  dynamic of religion},\n  year\t\t= {2005},\n  url\t\t= "https://drive.google.com/file/d/0Bwte3_9g4U6obUtlc3FmbkZpYVE/view?usp=sharing",\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n 'A kingdom of another world: Christianity, toleration, and the history of western political thought.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n De Roover, J.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Ph.D. Thesis, Ghent University, 2005.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@PhDThesis{\t  43337041,\n  author\t= {De Roover, Jakob},\n  language\t= {eng},\n  school\t= {Ghent University},\n  title\t\t= {'A kingdom of another world: Christianity, toleration, and the history of western political thought},\n  year\t\t= {2005}\n}\n
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\n  \n 2004\n \n \n (1)\n \n \n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Secularism, Colonialism and The Indian Intellectuals.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n De Roover, J.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n India-forum.com. 2004.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n \"Secularism,Paper\n  \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@Article{\t  355380,\n  author\t= {De Roover, Jakob},\n  journal\t= {India-forum.com},\n  language\t= {und},\n  title\t\t= {Secularism, Colonialism and The Indian Intellectuals},\n  year\t\t= {2004},\n  url\t\t= "https://www.hipkapi.com/2011/04/02/secularism-colonialism-and-indian-intellectuals/"\n}\n\n
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\n  \n 2003\n \n \n (4)\n \n \n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n An unhappy lover of theology: Feuerbach and contemporary religious studies.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n De Roover, J.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY OF RELIGION, 71(3): 615–635. 2003.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n \"AnPaper\n  \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@Article{\t  295562,\n  author\t= {De Roover, Jakob},\n  issn\t\t= {0002-7189},\n  journal\t= {JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY OF RELIGION},\n  language\t= {eng},\n  number\t= {3},\n  pages\t\t= {615--635},\n  publisher\t= {OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC},\n  title\t\t= {An unhappy lover of theology: Feuerbach and contemporary\n\t\t  religious studies},\n  volume\t= {71},\n  year\t\t= {2003},\n  url\t\t= "https://sites.google.com/site/heathenfaqs/jaar1.pdf"\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n The Vacuity of Secularism: On the Indian Debate and Its Western Origins.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n De Roover, J.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n ECONOMIC AND POLITICAL WEEKLY., 37(39): 4047–4053. 2003.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n \"ThePaper\n  \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@Article{\t  295564,\n  author\t= {De Roover, Jakob},\n  issn\t\t= {0012-9976},\n  journal\t= {ECONOMIC AND POLITICAL WEEKLY.},\n  language\t= {und},\n  number\t= {39},\n  pages\t\t= {4047--4053},\n  title\t\t= {The Vacuity of Secularism: On the Indian Debate and Its\n\t\t  Western Origins},\n  volume\t= {37},\n  year\t\t= {2003},\n  url\t\t= "http://www.hipkapi.com/2011/04/02/the-vacuity-of-secularism/",\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Mantras of anti-Brahmanism : colonial experience of Indian intellectuals.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Gelders, R.; and Derde, W.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n ECONOMIC AND POLITICAL WEEKLY, 38(43): 4611–4617. 2003.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n \"MantrasPaper\n  \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n  \n \n 1 download\n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@Article{\t  299640,\n  author\t= {Gelders, Raf and Derde, Willem},\n  issn\t\t= {0012-9976},\n  journal\t= {ECONOMIC AND POLITICAL WEEKLY},\n  language\t= {eng},\n  number\t= {43},\n  pages\t\t= {4611--4617},\n  title\t\t= {Mantras of anti-Brahmanism : colonial experience of Indian\n\t\t  intellectuals},\n  url\t\t= "https://www.hipkapi.com/2011/04/02/mantras-of-anti-brahmanism-colonial-experience-of-indian-intellectuals/;http://www.jstor.org/stable/4414197",\n  volume\t= {38},\n  year\t\t= {2003}\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n 'Leve Edward Said?'.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Balagangadhara, S.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n 2003.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n \"'LevePaper\n  \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@Misc{\t\t  741588,\n  author\t= {Balagangadhara, S.N.},\n  issn\t\t= {0779-3847},\n  language\t= {dut},\n  number\t= {30 September},\n  pages\t\t= {11--11},\n  series\t= {De Standaard},\n  title\t\t= {'Leve Edward Said?'},\n  year\t\t= {2003},\n  url\t\t= "https://www.hipkapi.com/2020/06/09/long-live-edward-said/",\n}\n\n
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\n  \n 2002\n \n \n (4)\n \n \n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Secularism and Absence of Theory.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n De Roover, J.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n ECONOMIC AND POLITICAL WEEKLY., 37(51): 5142–5142. 2002.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n \"SecularismPaper\n  \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@Article{\t  384130,\n  author\t= {De Roover, Jakob},\n  issn\t\t= {0012-9976},\n  journal\t= {ECONOMIC AND POLITICAL WEEKLY.},\n  language\t= {und},\n  number\t= {51},\n  pages\t\t= {5142--5142},\n  title\t\t= {Secularism and Absence of Theory},\n  volume\t= {37},\n  year\t\t= {2002},\n  url\t\t= "http://www.hipkapi.com/2011/04/02/secularism-and-absence-of-theory/",\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n On Colonial Experience and the Indian Renaissance: A Prolegomenon to a Project.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Balagangadhara, S.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n 2002.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n \"OnPaper\n  \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n  \n \n 1 download\n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@Misc{\t\t  741604,\n  author\t= {Balagangadhara, S.N.},\n  language\t= {eng},\n  number\t= {1 December 2002},\n  publisher\t= {www.sulekha.com},\n  series\t= {Sulekha.com},\n  title\t\t= {On Colonial Experience and the Indian Renaissance: A\n\t\t  Prolegomenon to a Project},\n  url\t\t= "https://web.archive.org/web/20080704064223/http://s-n-balagangadhara.sulekha.com/blog/post/2002/12/on-colonial-experience-and-the-indian-renaissance.htm",\n  year\t\t= {2002}\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Oosterse Godsdiensten als Uitvindsel van het Westen.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Balagangadhara, S.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n 2002.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@Misc{\t\t  741844,\n  author\t= {Balagangadhara, S.N.},\n  issn\t\t= {0779-3847},\n  language\t= {eng},\n  number\t= {19 juni},\n  pages\t\t= {2--2},\n  series\t= {De Standaard},\n  title\t\t= {Oosterse Godsdiensten als Uitvindsel van het Westen},\n  year\t\t= {2002}\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n India and her traditions: a reply to Jeffrey Kripal.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Balagangadhara, S.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n 2002.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n \"IndiaPaper\n  \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n  \n \n 1 download\n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@Misc{\t\t  822246,\n  author\t= {Balagangadhara, S.N.},\n  language\t= {eng},\n  publisher\t= {Sulekha.com},\n  title\t\t= {India and her traditions: a reply to Jeffrey Kripal},\n  url\t\t= "https://web.archive.org/web/20080125110817/http://s-n-balagangadhara.sulekha.com/blog/post/2002/09/india-and-her-traditions-a-reply-to-jeffrey-kripal.htm",\n  year\t\t= {2002}\n}\n\n
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\n  \n 1998\n \n \n (1)\n \n \n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n The future of the present: thinking through orientalism.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Balagangadhara, S.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n CULTURAL DYNAMICS, 10(2): 101–121. 1998.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n \"ThePaper\n  \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
\n
@Article{\t  328942,\n  author\t= {Balagangadhara, S.N.},\n  issn\t\t= {0921-3740},\n  journal\t= {CULTURAL DYNAMICS},\n  language\t= {eng},\n  number\t= {2},\n  pages\t\t= {101--121},\n  title\t\t= {The future of the present: thinking through orientalism},\n  volume\t= {10},\n  year\t\t= {1998},\n  url\t\t= "https://drive.google.com/file/d/0Bwte3_9g4U6oYWh0RlpRdzZZNFU/view?usp=sharing",\n}\n\n
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\n  \n 1994\n \n \n (1)\n \n \n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \"The heathen in his blindness…\": Asia, the West, and the dynamic of religion.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Balagangadhara, S.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Volume LXIV of Studies in the History of Religions, Numen BookseriesE. J. Brill, 1994.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n \""ThePaper\n  \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@Book{\t\t  328915,\n  author\t= {Balagangadhara, S.N.},\n  isbn\t\t= {9789004099432},\n  language\t= {eng},\n  pages\t\t= {563},\n  publisher\t= {E. J. Brill},\n  series\t= {Studies in the History of Religions, Numen Bookseries},\n  title\t\t= {"The heathen in his blindness…": Asia, the West, and the\n\t\t  dynamic of religion},\n  volume\t= {LXIV},\n  url\t\t= "https://drive.google.com/file/d/0Bwte3_9g4U6obUtlc3FmbkZpYVE/view?usp=sharing",\n  year\t\t= {1994}\n}\n\n
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\n  \n 1991\n \n \n (3)\n \n \n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n The reality of the elusive man?.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Balagangadhara, S.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In The quest for man : the topicality of philosophical anthropology, pages 112–115. Koninklijke Van Gorcum, 1991.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n \"ThePaper\n  \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@InCollection{\t  354681,\n  author\t= {Balagangadhara, S.N.},\n  booktitle\t= {The quest for man : the topicality of philosophical\n\t\t  anthropology},\n  isbn\t\t= {9023226224},\n  language\t= {eng},\n  pages\t\t= {112--115},\n  publisher\t= {Koninklijke Van Gorcum},\n  title\t\t= {The reality of the elusive man?},\n  url\t\t= "https://www.hipkapi.com/2011/03/05/the-reality-of-elusive-man-s-n-balagangadhara/",\n  year\t\t= {1991}\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Review Article: Frits Staal. Rules Without Meaning: Ritual, Mantras and the Human Sciences. Toronto Studies in Religion, Vol. 4. New York and Bern: Peter Lang.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Balagangadhara, S.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n 1991.\n \n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n \n \"ReviewPaper\n  \n \n\n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@Misc{\t\t  354719,\n  author\t= {Balagangadhara, S.N.},\n  issn\t\t= {0921-3740},\n  language\t= {eng},\n  number\t= {1},\n  pages\t\t= {98--106},\n  series\t= {CULTURAL DYNAMICS},\n  title\t\t= {Review Article: Frits Staal. Rules Without Meaning:\n\t\t  Ritual, Mantras and the Human Sciences. Toronto Studies in\n\t\t  Religion, Vol. 4. New York and Bern: Peter Lang},\n  volume\t= {4},\n  year\t\t= {1991},\n  url\t\t= "https://www.hipkapi.com/2011/03/05/review-of-staals-rules-without-meaning-s-n-balagangadhara/",\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Comparative science of cultures and the universality of religion : an essay on worlds without views and views without the world.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Balagangadhara, S.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Ph.D. Thesis, Ghent University, 1991.\n \n\n\n\n
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@PhDThesis{\t  600574,\n  author\t= {Balagangadhara, S.N.},\n  keywords\t= {Religion,India,Comparative science of cultures},\n  language\t= {eng},\n  pages\t\t= {IV, 535},\n  publisher\t= {RUG: Studiecentrum voor Godsdienstwetenschappen},\n  school\t= {Ghent University},\n  title\t\t= {Comparative science of cultures and the universality of\n\t\t  religion : an essay on worlds without views and views\n\t\t  without the world},\n  year\t\t= {1991}\n}\n\n
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\n  \n 1990\n \n \n (2)\n \n \n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Understanding and Imagination: A Critical Notice of Halbfass and Inden.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Balagangadhara, S.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n CULTURAL DYNAMICS, 3(4): 387–405. 1990.\n \n\n\n\n
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@Article{\t  735390,\n  author\t= {Balagangadhara, S.N.},\n  issn\t\t= {0921-3740},\n  journal\t= {CULTURAL DYNAMICS},\n  language\t= {eng},\n  number\t= {4},\n  pages\t\t= {387--405},\n  title\t\t= {Understanding and Imagination: A Critical Notice of\n\t\t  Halbfass and Inden},\n  volume\t= {3},\n  year\t\t= {1990}\n}\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n The Origin of Religion: Why is the Issue Dead?.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Balagangadhara, S.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n CULTURAL DYNAMICS, 3(3): 281–316. 1990.\n \n\n\n\n
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@Article{\t  735391,\n  author\t= {Balagangadhara, S.N.},\n  issn\t\t= {0921-3740},\n  journal\t= {CULTURAL DYNAMICS},\n  language\t= {eng},\n  number\t= {3},\n  pages\t\t= {281--316},\n  title\t\t= {The Origin of Religion: Why is the Issue Dead?},\n  volume\t= {3},\n  year\t\t= {1990}\n}\n\n
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\n  \n 1989\n \n \n (1)\n \n \n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Comparative Anthropology and Rhetorics in Cultures.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Balagangadhara, S.; and Pinxten, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n In Maier, R., editor(s), Norms in Argumentation: Proceedings of the Conference on Norms, pages 195–212. Foris Publications, 1989.\n \n\n\n\n
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@InCollection{\t  735386,\n  author\t= {Balagangadhara, S.N. and Pinxten, Hendrik},\n  booktitle\t= {Norms in Argumentation: Proceedings of the Conference on\n\t\t  Norms},\n  editor\t= {Maier, Robert},\n  isbn\t\t= {906765423X},\n  language\t= {eng},\n  pages\t\t= {195--212},\n  publisher\t= {Foris Publications},\n  title\t\t= {Comparative Anthropology and Rhetorics in Cultures},\n  year\t\t= {1989},\n  url\t\t= "https://www.hipkapi.com/2011/03/05/comparative-anthropology-and-rhetorics-in-cultures/"\n}\n\n
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\n  \n 1988\n \n \n (2)\n \n \n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Comparative Anthropology and Moral Domains: An Essay on Selfless Morality and the Moral Self.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Balagangadhara, S.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n CULTURAL DYNAMICS, 1(1): 98–128. 1988.\n \n\n\n\n
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@Article{\t  735393,\n  author\t= {Balagangadhara, S.N.},\n  issn\t\t= {0921-3740},\n  journal\t= {CULTURAL DYNAMICS},\n  language\t= {eng},\n  number\t= {1},\n  pages\t\t= {98--128},\n  title\t\t= {Comparative Anthropology and Moral Domains: An Essay on\n\t\t  Selfless Morality and the Moral Self},\n  url\t\t= {http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/092137408800100106},\n  volume\t= {1},\n  year\t\t= {1988}\n}\n\n\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Cultural Dynamics: a Vision and a Perspective.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Pinxten, H.; Balagangadhara, S.; Soberon, E.; Verboven, D.; and Snoeck, K.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n CULTURAL DYNAMICS, 1(1): 1–28. 1988.\n \n\n\n\n
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@Article{\t  735394,\n  author\t= {Pinxten, Hendrik and Balagangadhara, S.N. and Soberon, E.\n\t\t  and Verboven, D. and Snoeck, K.},\n  issn\t\t= {0921-3740},\n  journal\t= {CULTURAL DYNAMICS},\n  language\t= {eng},\n  number\t= {1},\n  pages\t\t= {1--28},\n  title\t\t= {Cultural Dynamics: a Vision and a Perspective},\n  volume\t= {1},\n  year\t\t= {1988}\n}\n\n
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\n  \n 1987\n \n \n (1)\n \n \n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Comparative anthropology and action sciences: an essay on knowing to act and acting to know.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Balagangadhara, S.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n PHILOSOPHICA (GENT), 40(2): 77–107. 1987.\n \n\n\n\n
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@Article{\t  735401,\n  author\t= {Balagangadhara, S.N.},\n  issn\t\t= {0379-8402},\n  journal\t= {PHILOSOPHICA (GENT)},\n  language\t= {eng},\n  number\t= {2},\n  pages\t\t= {77--107},\n  title\t\t= {Comparative anthropology and action sciences: an essay on\n\t\t  knowing to act and acting to know},\n  url\t\t= "https://www.philosophica.ugent.be/wp-content/uploads/fulltexts/40-5.pdf",\n  volume\t= {40},\n  year\t\t= {1987}\n}\n\n\n
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\n  \n 1985\n \n \n (1)\n \n \n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n We shall not cease from exploration.\n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n Balagangadhara, S.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Arena, 1985.\n \n\n\n\n
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@Book{\t\t7354011,\n  author\t= {Balagangadhara, S.N.},\n  language\t= {eng},\n  title\t\t= {We shall not cease from exploration},\n  url\t\t= "https://www.academia.edu/4214176/We_Shall_Not_Cease_from_Exploration",\n  year\t\t= {1985},\n  Publisher\t= {Arena},\n  pages\t\t= {74},\n}\n   \n\n
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