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\n  \n 2021\n \n \n (2)\n \n \n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Bank vole alarm pheromone chemistry and effects in the field.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Sievert, T.; Ylönen, H.; Blande, J. D.; Saunier, A.; van der Hulst, D.; Ylönen, O.; and Haapakoski, M.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Oecologia, 196(3): 667–677. jul 2021.\n \n\nOpen Access.\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n doi\n  \n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n  \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
\n 
@article{sievert_bank_2021,\n\ttitle = {Bank vole alarm pheromone chemistry and effects in the field},\n\tvolume = {196},\n\tissn = {0029-8549, 1432-1939},\n\tdoi = {10/gmk34h},\n\tabstract = {Chemical communication plays an important role in mammalian life history decisions. Animals send and receive information based on body odour secretions. Odour cues provide important social information on identity, kinship, sex, group membership or genetic quality. Recent findings show, that rodents alarm their conspecifics with danger-dependent body odours after encountering a predator. In this study, we aim to identify the chemistry of alarm pheromones (AP) in the bank vole, a common boreal rodent. Furthermore, the vole foraging efficiency under perceived fear was measured in a set of field experiments in large outdoor enclosures. During the analysis of bank vole odour by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry, we identified that 1-octanol, 2-octanone, and one unknown compound as the most likely candidates to function as alarm signals. These compounds were independent of the vole’s sex. In a field experiment, voles were foraging less, i.e. they were more afraid in the AP odour foraging trays during the first day, as the odour was fresh, than in the second day. This verified the short lasting effect of volatile APs. Our results clarified the chemistry of alarming body odour compounds in mammals, and enhanced our understanding of the ecological role of AP and chemical communication in mammals.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {3},\n\turldate = {2021-08-26},\n\tjournal = {Oecologia},\n\tauthor = {Sievert, Thorbj{\\"{o}}rn and Yl{\\"{o}}nen, Hannu and Blande, James D. and Saunier, Amélie and van der Hulst, Dave and Yl{\\"{o}}nen, Olga and Haapakoski, Marko},\n\tmonth = {jul},\n\tyear = {2021},\n\tpages = {667--677},\n\tbibbase_note = {<span style="color: green">Open Access.</span>}\n}\n\n
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\n Chemical communication plays an important role in mammalian life history decisions. Animals send and receive information based on body odour secretions. Odour cues provide important social information on identity, kinship, sex, group membership or genetic quality. Recent findings show, that rodents alarm their conspecifics with danger-dependent body odours after encountering a predator. In this study, we aim to identify the chemistry of alarm pheromones (AP) in the bank vole, a common boreal rodent. Furthermore, the vole foraging efficiency under perceived fear was measured in a set of field experiments in large outdoor enclosures. During the analysis of bank vole odour by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry, we identified that 1-octanol, 2-octanone, and one unknown compound as the most likely candidates to function as alarm signals. These compounds were independent of the vole’s sex. In a field experiment, voles were foraging less, i.e. they were more afraid in the AP odour foraging trays during the first day, as the odour was fresh, than in the second day. This verified the short lasting effect of volatile APs. Our results clarified the chemistry of alarming body odour compounds in mammals, and enhanced our understanding of the ecological role of AP and chemical communication in mammals.\n
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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n Pre- and Postnatal Predator Cues Shape Offspring Anti-predatory Behavior Similarly in the Bank Vole.\n \n \n \n\n\n \n Sievert, T.; Bouma, K.; Haapakoski, M.; Matson, K. D.; and Ylönen, H.\n\n\n \n\n\n\n Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution, 9: 709207. dec 2021.\n \n\nOpen Access.\n\n
\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n doi\n  \n \n\n \n link\n  \n \n\n bibtex\n \n\n \n  \n \n abstract \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n  \n \n \n\n\n\n
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@article{sievert_pre-_2021,\n\ttitle = {Pre- and {Postnatal} {Predator} {Cues} {Shape} {Offspring} {Anti}-predatory {Behavior} {Similarly} in the {Bank} {Vole}},\n\tvolume = {9},\n\tissn = {2296-701X},\n\tdoi = {10/gn64t6},\n\tabstract = {Prey animals can assess the risks predators present in different ways. For example, direct cues produced by predators can be used, but also signals produced by prey conspecifics that have engaged in non-lethal predator-prey interactions. These non-lethal interactions can thereby affect the physiology, behavior, and survival of prey individuals, and may affect offspring performance through maternal effects. We investigated how timing of exposure to predation-related cues during early development affects offspring behavior after weaning. Females in the laboratory were exposed during pregnancy or lactation to one of three odor treatments: (1) predator odor (PO) originating from their most common predator, the least weasel, (2) odor produced by predator-exposed conspecifics, which we call conspecific alarm cue (CAC), or (3) control odor (C). We monitored postnatal pup growth, and we quantified foraging and exploratory behaviors of 4-week-old pups following exposure of their mothers to each of the three odour treatments. Exposure to odors associated with predation risk during development affected the offspring behavior, but the timing of exposure, i.e., pre- vs. postnatally, had only a weak effect. The two non-control odors led to different behavioral changes: an attraction to CAC and an avoidance of PO. Additionally, pup growth was affected by an interaction between litter size and maternal treatment, again regardless of timing. Pups from the CAC maternal treatment grew faster in larger litters; pups from the PO maternal treatment tended to grow faster in smaller litters. Thus, in rodents, offspring growth and behavior are seemingly influenced differently by the type of predation risk perceived by their mothers.},\n\turldate = {2022-01-19},\n\tjournal = {Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution},\n\tauthor = {Sievert, Thorbj{\\"{o}}rn and Bouma, Kerstin and Haapakoski, Marko and Matson, Kevin D. and Yl{\\"{o}}nen, Hannu},\n\tmonth = {dec},\n\tyear = {2021},\n\tpages = {709207},\n    bibbase_note = {<span style="color: green">Open Access.</span>}\n}\n\n
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\n Prey animals can assess the risks predators present in different ways. For example, direct cues produced by predators can be used, but also signals produced by prey conspecifics that have engaged in non-lethal predator-prey interactions. These non-lethal interactions can thereby affect the physiology, behavior, and survival of prey individuals, and may affect offspring performance through maternal effects. We investigated how timing of exposure to predation-related cues during early development affects offspring behavior after weaning. Females in the laboratory were exposed during pregnancy or lactation to one of three odor treatments: (1) predator odor (PO) originating from their most common predator, the least weasel, (2) odor produced by predator-exposed conspecifics, which we call conspecific alarm cue (CAC), or (3) control odor (C). We monitored postnatal pup growth, and we quantified foraging and exploratory behaviors of 4-week-old pups following exposure of their mothers to each of the three odour treatments. Exposure to odors associated with predation risk during development affected the offspring behavior, but the timing of exposure, i.e., pre- vs. postnatally, had only a weak effect. The two non-control odors led to different behavioral changes: an attraction to CAC and an avoidance of PO. Additionally, pup growth was affected by an interaction between litter size and maternal treatment, again regardless of timing. Pups from the CAC maternal treatment grew faster in larger litters; pups from the PO maternal treatment tended to grow faster in smaller litters. Thus, in rodents, offspring growth and behavior are seemingly influenced differently by the type of predation risk perceived by their mothers.\n
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