@INPROCEEDINGS{Abbes11-CSMR-AntipatternsImpactComprehension,
   AUTHOR       = {Marwen Abbes and Foutse Khomh and Yann-Ga�l Gu�h�neuc and 
      Giuliano Antoniol},
   BOOKTITLE    = {Proceedings of the 15<sup>th</sup> European Conference on Software Maintenance and Reengineering (CSMR)},
   TITLE        = {An Empirical Study of the Impact of Two Antipatterns, 
      Blob and Spaghetti Code, On Program Comprehension},
   YEAR         = {2011},
   OPTADDRESS   = {},
   OPTCROSSREF  = {},
   EDITOR       = {Yiannis Kanellopoulos and Tom Mens},
   MONTH        = {March},
   NOTE         = {Best paper. 10 pages.},
   OPTNUMBER    = {},
   OPTORGANIZATION = {},
   PAGES        = {181--190},
   PUBLISHER    = {IEEE CS Press},
   OPTSERIES    = {},
   OPTVOLUME    = {},
   KEYWORDS     = {Topic: <b>Code and design smells</b>, 
      Topic: <b>Program comprehension</b>, Venue: <c>CSMR</c>},
   URL          = {http://www.ptidej.net/publications/documents/CSMR11a.doc.pdf},
   PDF          = {http://www.ptidej.net/publications/documents/CSMR11a.ppt.pdf},
   ABSTRACT     = {Antipatterns are ``poor'' solutions to recurring design 
      problems which are conjectured in the literature to make 
      object-oriented systems harder to maintain. However, little 
      quantitative evidence exists to support this conjecture. We performed 
      an empirical study to investigate whether the occurrence of 
      antipatterns does indeed affect the understandability of systems by 
      developers during comprehension and maintenance tasks. We designed 
      and conducted three experiments, with 24 subjects each, to collect 
      data on the performance of developers on basic tasks related to 
      program comprehension and assessed the impact of two antipatterns and 
      of their combinations: Blob and Spaghetti Code. We measured the 
      developers' performance with: (1) the NASA task load index for their 
      effort; (2) the time that they spent performing their tasks; and, (3) 
      their percentages of correct answers. Collected data show that the 
      occurrence of one antipattern does not significantly decrease 
      developers' performance while the combination of two antipatterns 
      impedes significantly developers. We conclude that developers can 
      cope with one antipattern but that combinations of antipatterns 
      should be avoided possibly through detection and refactorings.}
}

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However, little quantitative evidence exists to support this conjecture. We performed an empirical study to investigate whether the occurrence of antipatterns does indeed affect the understandability of systems by developers during comprehension and maintenance tasks. We designed and conducted three experiments, with 24 subjects each, to collect data on the performance of developers on basic tasks related to program comprehension and assessed the impact of two antipatterns and of their combinations: Blob and Spaghetti Code. We measured the developers' performance with: (1) the NASA task load index for their effort; (2) the time that they spent performing their tasks; and, (3) their percentages of correct answers. Collected data show that the occurrence of one antipattern does not significantly decrease developers' performance while the combination of two antipatterns impedes significantly developers. 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However, little \r\n quantitative evidence exists to support this conjecture. We performed \r\n an empirical study to investigate whether the occurrence of \r\n antipatterns does indeed affect the understandability of systems by \r\n developers during comprehension and maintenance tasks. We designed \r\n and conducted three experiments, with 24 subjects each, to collect \r\n data on the performance of developers on basic tasks related to \r\n program comprehension and assessed the impact of two antipatterns and \r\n of their combinations: Blob and Spaghetti Code. We measured the \r\n developers' performance with: (1) the NASA task load index for their \r\n effort; (2) the time that they spent performing their tasks; and, (3) \r\n their percentages of correct answers. Collected data show that the \r\n occurrence of one antipattern does not significantly decrease \r\n developers' performance while the combination of two antipatterns \r\n impedes significantly developers. 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