Jewish Persecutions and Weather Shocks: 1100–1800. Anderson, R. W., Johnson, N. D., & Koyama, M. The Economic Journal, 127(602):924–958, June, 2017.
Jewish Persecutions and Weather Shocks: 1100–1800 [link]Paper  doi  abstract   bibtex   
What factors caused the persecution of minorities in pre-modern Europe? Using panel data consisting of 1,366 persecutions of Jews from 936 European cities between 1100 and 1800, we test whether persecutions were more likely following colder growing seasons. A one standard deviation decrease in growing season temperature in the previous five-year period increased the probability of a persecution by between 1 and 1.5 percentage points (relative to a baseline of 2%). This effect was strongest in weak states and with poor quality soil. The long-run decline in persecutions was partly attributable to greater market integration and state capacity.
@article{anderson_jewish_2017,
	title = {Jewish {Persecutions} and {Weather} {Shocks}: 1100–1800},
	volume = {127},
	copyright = {© 2015 Royal Economic Society},
	issn = {1468-0297},
	shorttitle = {Jewish {Persecutions} and {Weather} {Shocks}},
	url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/ecoj.12331},
	doi = {10.1111/ecoj.12331},
	abstract = {What factors caused the persecution of minorities in pre-modern Europe? Using panel data consisting of 1,366 persecutions of Jews from 936 European cities between 1100 and 1800, we test whether persecutions were more likely following colder growing seasons. A one standard deviation decrease in growing season temperature in the previous five-year period increased the probability of a persecution by between 1 and 1.5 percentage points (relative to a baseline of 2\%). This effect was strongest in weak states and with poor quality soil. The long-run decline in persecutions was partly attributable to greater market integration and state capacity.},
	language = {en},
	number = {602},
	urldate = {2018-10-03},
	journal = {The Economic Journal},
	author = {Anderson, Robert Warren and Johnson, Noel D. and Koyama, Mark},
	month = jun,
	year = {2017},
	keywords = {Damages, GA, Sector: Violence},
	pages = {924--958},
}

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