@article{
 title = {Pliocene-Pleistocene Stratigraphy and Sea-Level Estimates, Republic of South Africa With Implications for a 400 ppmv CO2 World},
 type = {article},
 year = {2020},
 keywords = {CO2,Pliocene,climate change,sea level,stratigraphy,strontium dating},
 pages = {e2019PA003835},
 volume = {35},
 websites = {https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1029/2019PA003835},
 id = {93555221-ad58-30f9-b7f1-a2de39564cdf},
 created = {2020-07-28T21:21:13.726Z},
 file_attached = {false},
 profile_id = {5247aa9c-a91b-3523-98a1-76524301b189},
 group_id = {2ba26f0d-672d-3e62-890c-74a17b5168fd},
 last_modified = {2020-07-28T21:21:13.800Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {false},
 confirmed = {false},
 hidden = {false},
 source_type = {article},
 notes = {e2019PA003835 2019PA003835},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {Abstract The Mid-Pliocene Warm Period (MPWP, 2.9 to 3.3 Ma), along with older Pliocene (3.2 to 5.3 Ma) records, offers potential past analogues for our 400-ppmv world. The coastal geology of western and southern coasts of the Republic of South Africa exposes an abundance of marine deposits of Pliocene and Pleistocene age. In this study, we report differential GPS elevations, detailed stratigraphic descriptions, standardized interpretations, and dating of relative sea-level indicators measured across ~700 km from the western and southern coasts of the Cape Provinces. Wave abrasion surfaces on bedrock, intertidal sedimentary structures, and in situ marine invertebrates including oysters and barnacles provide precise indicators of past sea levels. Multiple sea-level highstands imprinted at different elevations along South African coastlines were identified. Zone I sites average +32 ± 5 m (six sites). A lower topographic Zone II of sea stands were measured at several sites around +17 ± 5 m. Middle and late Pleistocene sites are included in Zone III. Shoreline chronologies using 87Sr/86Sr ages on shells from these zones yield ages from Zone I at 4.6 and 3.0 Ma and Zone II at 1.04 Ma. Our results show that polar ice sheets during the Plio-Pleistocene were dynamic and subject to significant melting under modestly warmer global temperatures. These processes occurred during a period when CO2 concentrations were comparable to our current and rapidly rising values above 400 ppmv.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Hearty, P J and Rovere, A and Sandstrom, M R and O'Leary, M J and Roberts, D and Raymo, M E},
 doi = {10.1029/2019PA003835},
 journal = {Paleoceanography and Paleoclimatology},
 number = {7}
}

Abstract The Mid-Pliocene Warm Period (MPWP, 2.9 to 3.3 Ma), along with older Pliocene (3.2 to 5.3 Ma) records, offers potential past analogues for our 400-ppmv world. The coastal geology of western and southern coasts of the Republic of South Africa exposes an abundance of marine deposits of Pliocene and Pleistocene age. In this study, we report differential GPS elevations, detailed stratigraphic descriptions, standardized interpretations, and dating of relative sea-level indicators measured across ~700 km from the western and southern coasts of the Cape Provinces. Wave abrasion surfaces on bedrock, intertidal sedimentary structures, and in situ marine invertebrates including oysters and barnacles provide precise indicators of past sea levels. Multiple sea-level highstands imprinted at different elevations along South African coastlines were identified. Zone I sites average +32 ± 5 m (six sites). A lower topographic Zone II of sea stands were measured at several sites around +17 ± 5 m. Middle and late Pleistocene sites are included in Zone III. Shoreline chronologies using 87Sr/86Sr ages on shells from these zones yield ages from Zone I at 4.6 and 3.0 Ma and Zone II at 1.04 Ma. Our results show that polar ice sheets during the Plio-Pleistocene were dynamic and subject to significant melting under modestly warmer global temperatures. These processes occurred during a period when CO2 concentrations were comparable to our current and rapidly rising values above 400 ppmv.

@article{
 title = {Estimating Modern Elevations of Pliocene Shorelines Using a Coupled Ice Sheet-Earth-Sea Level Model},
 type = {article},
 year = {2018},
 pages = {2279-2291},
 volume = {123},
 publisher = {Wiley Online Library},
 id = {7caaa9f6-ffc4-3847-b8b4-baaba4452e28},
 created = {2019-02-19T14:39:54.532Z},
 file_attached = {false},
 profile_id = {58d47d98-a4f4-3ac1-a79d-2d252a797376},
 group_id = {2ba26f0d-672d-3e62-890c-74a17b5168fd},
 last_modified = {2019-02-19T14:39:54.532Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {false},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 citation_key = {pollard2018estimating},
 source_type = {article},
 private_publication = {false},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Pollard, David and Gomez, N and DeConto, R M and Han, H K},
 journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface},
 number = {9}
}

@article{
 title = {Reply to Hearty and Tormey: Use the scientific method to test geologic hypotheses, because rocks do not whisper},
 type = {article},
 year = {2018},
 pages = {E2904--E2905},
 volume = {115},
 publisher = {National Acad Sciences},
 id = {2ceddbcb-8bba-37e8-b9ff-35fe9d985ca9},
 created = {2019-02-19T14:39:54.596Z},
 file_attached = {false},
 profile_id = {58d47d98-a4f4-3ac1-a79d-2d252a797376},
 group_id = {2ba26f0d-672d-3e62-890c-74a17b5168fd},
 last_modified = {2019-02-19T14:39:54.596Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {false},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 citation_key = {rovere2018reply},
 source_type = {article},
 private_publication = {false},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Rovere, Alessio and Casella, Elisa and Harris, Daniel L and Lorscheid, Thomas and Nandasena, Napayalage A K and Dyer, Blake and Sandstrom, Michael R and Stocchi, Paolo and D’Andrea, William J and Raymo, Maureen E},
 journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences},
 number = {13}
}

@article{
 title = {The accuracy of mid-Pliocene δ18O-based ice volume and sea level reconstructions},
 type = {article},
 year = {2018},
 pages = {291-302},
 volume = {177},
 publisher = {Elsevier},
 id = {f3a412f2-096b-3f40-ad18-9b76f2e02a44},
 created = {2019-02-19T14:39:54.608Z},
 file_attached = {false},
 profile_id = {58d47d98-a4f4-3ac1-a79d-2d252a797376},
 group_id = {2ba26f0d-672d-3e62-890c-74a17b5168fd},
 last_modified = {2019-02-19T14:39:54.608Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {false},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 citation_key = {raymo2018accuracy},
 source_type = {article},
 private_publication = {false},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Raymo, Maureen E and Kozdon, Reinhard and Evans, David and Lisiecki, Lorraine and Ford, Heather L},
 journal = {Earth-science reviews}
}

@article{
 title = {Effects of dynamic topography on the Cenozoic carbonate compensation depth},
 type = {article},
 year = {2018},
 pages = {1025-1034},
 volume = {19},
 publisher = {Wiley Online Library},
 id = {f54eba9e-f0ba-3c20-8316-fd07a8110368},
 created = {2019-02-19T14:39:54.770Z},
 file_attached = {false},
 profile_id = {58d47d98-a4f4-3ac1-a79d-2d252a797376},
 group_id = {2ba26f0d-672d-3e62-890c-74a17b5168fd},
 last_modified = {2019-02-19T14:39:54.770Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {false},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 citation_key = {campbell2018effects},
 source_type = {article},
 private_publication = {false},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Campbell, Siobhan M and Moucha, Robert and Derry, Louis A and Raymo, Maureen E},
 journal = {Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems},
 number = {4}
}

@article{
 title = {A Coupled Ice Sheet–Sea Level Model Incorporating 3D Earth Structure: Variations in Antarctica during the Last Deglacial Retreat},
 type = {article},
 year = {2018},
 pages = {4041-4054},
 volume = {31},
 websites = {https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-17-0352.1},
 id = {7120425f-93a5-315b-9a1e-553cac50effa},
 created = {2019-05-30T18:17:53.832Z},
 file_attached = {false},
 profile_id = {5247aa9c-a91b-3523-98a1-76524301b189},
 group_id = {2ba26f0d-672d-3e62-890c-74a17b5168fd},
 last_modified = {2019-05-30T18:17:53.903Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {false},
 confirmed = {false},
 hidden = {false},
 source_type = {article},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = { AbstractA gravitationally self-consistent, global sea level model with 3D viscoelastic Earth structure is interactively coupled to a 3D dynamic ice sheet model, and the coupled model is applied to simulate the evolution of ice cover, sea level changes, and solid Earth deformation over the last deglaciation, from 40 ka to the modern. The results show that incorporating lateral variations in Earth’s structure across Antarctica yields local differences in the modeled ice history and introduces significant uncertainty in estimates of both relative sea level change and modern crustal motions through the last deglaciation. An analysis indicates that the contribution of glacial isostatic adjustment to modern records of sea level change and solid Earth deformation in regions of Antarctica underlain by low mantle viscosity may be more sensitive to ice loading during the late Holocene than across the last deglaciation. },
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Gomez, Natalya and Latychev, Konstantin and Pollard, David},
 doi = {10.1175/JCLI-D-17-0352.1},
 journal = {Journal of Climate},
 number = {10}
}

AbstractA gravitationally self-consistent, global sea level model with 3D viscoelastic Earth structure is interactively coupled to a 3D dynamic ice sheet model, and the coupled model is applied to simulate the evolution of ice cover, sea level changes, and solid Earth deformation over the last deglaciation, from 40 ka to the modern. The results show that incorporating lateral variations in Earth’s structure across Antarctica yields local differences in the modeled ice history and introduces significant uncertainty in estimates of both relative sea level change and modern crustal motions through the last deglaciation. An analysis indicates that the contribution of glacial isostatic adjustment to modern records of sea level change and solid Earth deformation in regions of Antarctica underlain by low mantle viscosity may be more sensitive to ice loading during the late Holocene than across the last deglaciation.

@article{
 title = {A continuum model (PSUMEL1) of ice mélange and its role during retreat of the Antarctic Ice Sheet},
 type = {article},
 year = {2018},
 pages = {5149-5172},
 volume = {11},
 websites = {https://www.geosci-model-dev.net/11/5149/2018/,https://www.geosci-model-dev.net/11/5149/2018/gmd-11-5149-2018.pdf},
 month = {12},
 publisher = {Copernicus Publications},
 day = {20},
 id = {43d69b8a-10eb-3e9b-a59e-ec830b6e65a5},
 created = {2019-06-14T15:37:57.426Z},
 file_attached = {false},
 profile_id = {5247aa9c-a91b-3523-98a1-76524301b189},
 group_id = {2ba26f0d-672d-3e62-890c-74a17b5168fd},
 last_modified = {2019-06-14T15:37:57.496Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {false},
 confirmed = {false},
 hidden = {false},
 source_type = {JOUR},
 private_publication = {false},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Pollard, D and DeConto, R M and Alley, R B},
 doi = {10.5194/gmd-11-5149-2018},
 journal = {Geosci. Model Dev.},
 number = {12}
}

@article{
 title = {Numerical simulations of a kilometre-thick Arctic ice shelf consistent with ice grounding observations},
 type = {article},
 year = {2018},
 pages = {1510},
 volume = {9},
 websites = {https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-018-03707-w},
 id = {4a11a6cd-4fb7-3466-abf6-5ad43cdf8ff0},
 created = {2019-06-14T16:12:08.399Z},
 file_attached = {false},
 profile_id = {5247aa9c-a91b-3523-98a1-76524301b189},
 group_id = {2ba26f0d-672d-3e62-890c-74a17b5168fd},
 last_modified = {2019-06-14T16:12:08.473Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {false},
 confirmed = {false},
 hidden = {false},
 source_type = {JOUR},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {Recently obtained geophysical data show sets of parallel erosional features on the Lomonosov Ridge in the central Arctic Basin, indicative of ice grounding in water depths up to 1280 m. These features have been interpreted as being formed by an ice shelf—either restricted to the Amerasian Basin (the “minimum model”) or extending across the entire Arctic Basin. Here, we use a numerical ice sheet-shelf model to explore how such an ice shelf could form. We rule out the “minimum model” and suggest that grounding on the Lomonosov Ridge requires complete Arctic ice shelf cover; this places a minimum estimate on its volume, which would have exceeded that of the modern Greenland Ice Sheet. Buttressing provided by an Arctic ice shelf would have increased volumes of the peripheral terrestrial ice sheets. An Arctic ice shelf could have formed even in the absence of a hypothesised East Siberian Ice Sheet.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Gasson, Edward G W and DeConto, Robert M and Pollard, David and Clark, Chris D},
 doi = {10.1038/s41467-018-03707-w},
 journal = {Nature Communications},
 number = {1}
}

Recently obtained geophysical data show sets of parallel erosional features on the Lomonosov Ridge in the central Arctic Basin, indicative of ice grounding in water depths up to 1280 m. These features have been interpreted as being formed by an ice shelf—either restricted to the Amerasian Basin (the “minimum model”) or extending across the entire Arctic Basin. Here, we use a numerical ice sheet-shelf model to explore how such an ice shelf could form. We rule out the “minimum model” and suggest that grounding on the Lomonosov Ridge requires complete Arctic ice shelf cover; this places a minimum estimate on its volume, which would have exceeded that of the modern Greenland Ice Sheet. Buttressing provided by an Arctic ice shelf would have increased volumes of the peripheral terrestrial ice sheets. An Arctic ice shelf could have formed even in the absence of a hypothesised East Siberian Ice Sheet.

@article{
 title = {MIS 5e relative sea-level changes in the Mediterranean Sea: Contribution of isostatic disequilibrium},
 type = {article},
 year = {2018},
 keywords = {Coastal,Geomorphology,Mediterranean Sea,Pleistocene,Sea level changes},
 pages = {122 - 134},
 volume = {185},
 websites = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0277379117304559},
 id = {1436f983-7781-3e8a-b2d0-1e3acc86da3c},
 created = {2020-07-28T21:23:32.529Z},
 file_attached = {false},
 profile_id = {5247aa9c-a91b-3523-98a1-76524301b189},
 group_id = {2ba26f0d-672d-3e62-890c-74a17b5168fd},
 last_modified = {2020-07-28T21:23:32.603Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {false},
 confirmed = {false},
 hidden = {false},
 source_type = {article},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {Sea-level indicators dated to the Last Interglacial, or Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 5e, have a twofold value. First, they can be used to constrain the melting of Greenland and Antarctic Ice Sheets in response to global warming scenarios. Second, they can be used to calculate the vertical crustal rates at active margins. For both applications, the contribution of glacio- and hydro-isostatic adjustment (GIA) to vertical displacement of sea-level indicators must be calculated. In this paper, we re-assess MIS 5e sea-level indicators at 11 Mediterranean sites that have been generally considered tectonically stable or affected by mild tectonics. These are found within a range of elevations of 2–10 m above modern mean sea level. Four sites are characterized by two separate sea-level stands, which suggest a two-step sea-level highstand during MIS 5e. Comparing field data with numerical modeling we show that (i) GIA is an important contributor to the spatial and temporal variability of the sea-level highstand during MIS 5e, (ii) the isostatic imbalance from the melting of the MIS 6 ice sheet can produce a >2.0 m sea-level highstand, and (iii) a two-step melting phase for the Greenland and Antarctic Ice Sheets reduces the differences between observations and predictions. Our results show that assumptions of tectonic stability on the basis of the MIS 5e records carry intrinsically large uncertainties, stemming either from uncertainties in field data and GIA models. The latter are propagated to either Holocene or Pleistocene sea-level reconstructions if tectonic rates are considered linear through time.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Stocchi, Paolo and Vacchi, Matteo and Lorscheid, Thomas and de Boer, Bas and Simms, Alexander R and van de Wal, Roderik S W and Vermeersen, Bert L A and Pappalardo, Marta and Rovere, Alessio},
 doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2018.01.004},
 journal = {Quaternary Science Reviews}
}

Sea-level indicators dated to the Last Interglacial, or Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 5e, have a twofold value. First, they can be used to constrain the melting of Greenland and Antarctic Ice Sheets in response to global warming scenarios. Second, they can be used to calculate the vertical crustal rates at active margins. For both applications, the contribution of glacio- and hydro-isostatic adjustment (GIA) to vertical displacement of sea-level indicators must be calculated. In this paper, we re-assess MIS 5e sea-level indicators at 11 Mediterranean sites that have been generally considered tectonically stable or affected by mild tectonics. These are found within a range of elevations of 2–10 m above modern mean sea level. Four sites are characterized by two separate sea-level stands, which suggest a two-step sea-level highstand during MIS 5e. Comparing field data with numerical modeling we show that (i) GIA is an important contributor to the spatial and temporal variability of the sea-level highstand during MIS 5e, (ii) the isostatic imbalance from the melting of the MIS 6 ice sheet can produce a >2.0 m sea-level highstand, and (iii) a two-step melting phase for the Greenland and Antarctic Ice Sheets reduces the differences between observations and predictions. Our results show that assumptions of tectonic stability on the basis of the MIS 5e records carry intrinsically large uncertainties, stemming either from uncertainties in field data and GIA models. The latter are propagated to either Holocene or Pleistocene sea-level reconstructions if tectonic rates are considered linear through time.

@article{
 title = {Sea-level change and superstorms; geologic evidence from the last interglacial (MIS 5e) in the Bahamas and Bermuda offers ominous prospects for a warming Earth},
 type = {article},
 year = {2017},
 pages = {347-365},
 volume = {390},
 publisher = {Elsevier},
 id = {7ed2ab78-32ee-3acc-a398-9fd3369bec9c},
 created = {2019-02-19T14:39:54.431Z},
 file_attached = {false},
 profile_id = {58d47d98-a4f4-3ac1-a79d-2d252a797376},
 group_id = {2ba26f0d-672d-3e62-890c-74a17b5168fd},
 last_modified = {2019-02-19T14:39:54.431Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {false},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 citation_key = {hearty2017sea},
 source_type = {article},
 private_publication = {false},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Hearty, P J and Tormey, B R},
 journal = {Marine Geology}
}

@article{
 title = {Variations of the Antarctic Ice Sheet in a Coupled Ice Sheet-Earth-Sea Level Model: Sensitivity to Viscoelastic Earth Properties},
 type = {article},
 year = {2017},
 pages = {2124-2138},
 volume = {122},
 publisher = {Wiley Online Library},
 id = {2f0c92b2-39b1-34df-a76e-47ef885ea372},
 created = {2019-02-19T14:39:54.548Z},
 file_attached = {false},
 profile_id = {58d47d98-a4f4-3ac1-a79d-2d252a797376},
 group_id = {2ba26f0d-672d-3e62-890c-74a17b5168fd},
 last_modified = {2019-02-19T14:39:54.548Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {false},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 citation_key = {pollard2017variations},
 source_type = {article},
 private_publication = {false},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Pollard, David and Gomez, Natalya and Deconto, Robert M},
 journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface},
 number = {11}
}

@article{
 title = {Giant boulders and Last Interglacial storm intensity in the North Atlantic.},
 type = {article},
 year = {2017},
 keywords = {Eemian,Last Interglacial,climate change,extreme waves,superstorms},
 pages = {201712433},
 websites = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29087331},
 month = {10},
 publisher = {National Academy of Sciences},
 day = {30},
 id = {9ddde663-3b81-3a2e-8c8b-6a37fbbb8a82},
 created = {2019-02-19T14:39:54.627Z},
 accessed = {2017-11-10},
 file_attached = {false},
 profile_id = {58d47d98-a4f4-3ac1-a79d-2d252a797376},
 group_id = {2ba26f0d-672d-3e62-890c-74a17b5168fd},
 last_modified = {2019-02-19T14:39:54.627Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {false},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 citation_key = {Rovere2017a},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {As global climate warms and sea level rises, coastal areas will be subject to more frequent extreme flooding and hurricanes. Geologic evidence for extreme coastal storms during past warm periods has the potential to provide fundamental insights into their future intensity. Recent studies argue that during the Last Interglacial (MIS 5e, ∼128-116 ka) tropical and extratropical North Atlantic cyclones may have been more intense than at present, and may have produced waves larger than those observed historically. Such strong swells are inferred to have created a number of geologic features that can be observed today along the coastlines of Bermuda and the Bahamas. In this paper, we investigate the most iconic among these features: massive boulders atop a cliff in North Eleuthera, Bahamas. We combine geologic field surveys, wave models, and boulder transport equations to test the hypothesis that such boulders must have been emplaced by storms of greater-than-historical intensity. By contrast, our results suggest that with the higher relative sea level (RSL) estimated for the Bahamas during MIS 5e, boulders of this size could have been transported by waves generated by storms of historical intensity. Thus, while the megaboulders of Eleuthera cannot be used as geologic proof for past "superstorms," they do show that with rising sea levels, cliffs and coastal barriers will be subject to significantly greater erosional energy, even without changes in storm intensity.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Rovere, Alessio and Casella, Elisa and Harris, Daniel L and Lorscheid, Thomas and Nandasena, Napayalage A K and Dyer, Blake and Sandstrom, Michael R and Stocchi, Paolo and D'Andrea, William J and Raymo, Maureen E},
 doi = {10.1073/pnas.1712433114},
 journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America}
}

As global climate warms and sea level rises, coastal areas will be subject to more frequent extreme flooding and hurricanes. Geologic evidence for extreme coastal storms during past warm periods has the potential to provide fundamental insights into their future intensity. Recent studies argue that during the Last Interglacial (MIS 5e, ∼128-116 ka) tropical and extratropical North Atlantic cyclones may have been more intense than at present, and may have produced waves larger than those observed historically. Such strong swells are inferred to have created a number of geologic features that can be observed today along the coastlines of Bermuda and the Bahamas. In this paper, we investigate the most iconic among these features: massive boulders atop a cliff in North Eleuthera, Bahamas. We combine geologic field surveys, wave models, and boulder transport equations to test the hypothesis that such boulders must have been emplaced by storms of greater-than-historical intensity. By contrast, our results suggest that with the higher relative sea level (RSL) estimated for the Bahamas during MIS 5e, boulders of this size could have been transported by waves generated by storms of historical intensity. Thus, while the megaboulders of Eleuthera cannot be used as geologic proof for past "superstorms," they do show that with rising sea levels, cliffs and coastal barriers will be subject to significantly greater erosional energy, even without changes in storm intensity.

@article{
 title = {The influence of true polar wander on glacial inception in North America},
 type = {article},
 year = {2017},
 keywords = {Cenozoic,climate,glacial inception,polar wander},
 pages = {96-104},
 volume = {461},
 websites = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0012821X1630749X},
 id = {0184faad-899a-3310-9a39-ea4ae7333279},
 created = {2019-02-25T17:33:10.773Z},
 file_attached = {false},
 profile_id = {58d47d98-a4f4-3ac1-a79d-2d252a797376},
 group_id = {2ba26f0d-672d-3e62-890c-74a17b5168fd},
 last_modified = {2019-02-25T17:33:10.773Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {false},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 citation_key = {DARADICH201796},
 source_type = {article},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {The impact that long-term changes in Earth's rotation axis relative to the surface geography, or true polar wander (TPW), and continental drift have had in driving cooling of high-latitude North America since the Eocene is explored. Recent reanalyses of paleomagnetic pole positions suggest a secular drift in Earth's rotation axis of ∼8° over the last 40 Myr, in a direction that has brought North America to increasingly higher latitudes. Using modern temperature data in tandem with a simple model, a reduction in the annual sum of positive degree days (PDDs) driven by this polar and plate motion over the last 20 Myr is quantified. At sites in Baffin Island, the TPW- and continental drift-driven decrease in insolation forcing over the last 20 Myr rivals changes in insolation forcing caused by variations in Earth's obliquity and precession. Using conservative PDD scaling factors and an annual snowfall equal to modern station observations, the snowiest location in Baffin Island 20 Myr ago had a mass balance deficit of ∼0.75–2 m yr−1 (water equivalent thickness) relative to its projected mass balance at 2.7 Ma. This mass balance deficit would have continued to increase as one goes back in time until ∼40 Myr ago based on adopted paleopole locations. TPW and continental drift that moved Arctic North America poleward would have strongly promoted glacial inception in Baffin Island at ∼3 Ma, a location where the proto-Laurentide Ice Sheet is thought to have originated.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Daradich, A and Huybers, P and Mitrovica, J X and Chan, N.-H. and Austermann, J},
 doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2016.12.036},
 journal = {Earth and Planetary Science Letters}
}

The impact that long-term changes in Earth's rotation axis relative to the surface geography, or true polar wander (TPW), and continental drift have had in driving cooling of high-latitude North America since the Eocene is explored. Recent reanalyses of paleomagnetic pole positions suggest a secular drift in Earth's rotation axis of ∼8° over the last 40 Myr, in a direction that has brought North America to increasingly higher latitudes. Using modern temperature data in tandem with a simple model, a reduction in the annual sum of positive degree days (PDDs) driven by this polar and plate motion over the last 20 Myr is quantified. At sites in Baffin Island, the TPW- and continental drift-driven decrease in insolation forcing over the last 20 Myr rivals changes in insolation forcing caused by variations in Earth's obliquity and precession. Using conservative PDD scaling factors and an annual snowfall equal to modern station observations, the snowiest location in Baffin Island 20 Myr ago had a mass balance deficit of ∼0.75–2 m yr−1 (water equivalent thickness) relative to its projected mass balance at 2.7 Ma. This mass balance deficit would have continued to increase as one goes back in time until ∼40 Myr ago based on adopted paleopole locations. TPW and continental drift that moved Arctic North America poleward would have strongly promoted glacial inception in Baffin Island at ∼3 Ma, a location where the proto-Laurentide Ice Sheet is thought to have originated.

@article{
 title = {Detection of a dynamic topography signal in last interglacial sea-level records},
 type = {article},
 year = {2017},
 volume = {3},
 websites = {https://advances.sciencemag.org/content/3/7/e1700457},
 publisher = {American Association for the Advancement of Science},
 id = {acdc6bc5-fe91-38ff-bed0-f3a98e56cf1d},
 created = {2019-05-30T18:21:49.558Z},
 file_attached = {false},
 profile_id = {5247aa9c-a91b-3523-98a1-76524301b189},
 group_id = {2ba26f0d-672d-3e62-890c-74a17b5168fd},
 last_modified = {2019-05-30T18:21:49.639Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {false},
 confirmed = {false},
 hidden = {false},
 source_type = {article},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {Estimating minimum ice volume during the last interglacial based on local sea-level indicators requires that these indicators are corrected for processes that alter local sea level relative to the global average. Although glacial isostatic adjustment is generally accounted for, global scale dynamic changes in topography driven by convective mantle flow are generally not considered. We use numerical models of mantle flow to quantify vertical deflections caused by dynamic topography and compare predictions at passive margins to a globally distributed set of last interglacial sea-level markers. The deflections predicted as a result of dynamic topography are significantly correlated with marker elevations (>95% probability) and are consistent with construction and preservation attributes across marker types. We conclude that a dynamic topography signal is present in the elevation of last interglacial sea-level records and that the signal must be accounted for in any effort to determine peak global mean sea level during the last interglacial to within an accuracy of several meters.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Austermann, Jacqueline and Mitrovica, Jerry X and Huybers, Peter and Rovere, Alessio},
 doi = {10.1126/sciadv.1700457},
 journal = {Science Advances},
 number = {7}
}

Estimating minimum ice volume during the last interglacial based on local sea-level indicators requires that these indicators are corrected for processes that alter local sea level relative to the global average. Although glacial isostatic adjustment is generally accounted for, global scale dynamic changes in topography driven by convective mantle flow are generally not considered. We use numerical models of mantle flow to quantify vertical deflections caused by dynamic topography and compare predictions at passive margins to a globally distributed set of last interglacial sea-level markers. The deflections predicted as a result of dynamic topography are significantly correlated with marker elevations (>95% probability) and are consistent with construction and preservation attributes across marker types. We conclude that a dynamic topography signal is present in the elevation of last interglacial sea-level records and that the signal must be accounted for in any effort to determine peak global mean sea level during the last interglacial to within an accuracy of several meters.

@article{
 title = {Sensitivity of Last Interglacial sea-level high stands to ice sheet configuration during Marine Isotope Stage 6},
 type = {article},
 year = {2017},
 pages = {234-244},
 volume = {171},
 websites = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0277379116304164},
 id = {ff26d35c-bf0e-3864-8e67-be91b8fc64bf},
 created = {2019-06-14T16:12:08.401Z},
 file_attached = {false},
 profile_id = {5247aa9c-a91b-3523-98a1-76524301b189},
 group_id = {2ba26f0d-672d-3e62-890c-74a17b5168fd},
 last_modified = {2019-06-14T16:12:08.488Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {false},
 confirmed = {false},
 hidden = {false},
 source_type = {JOUR},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {Estimates of peak global mean sea level (GMSL) during the Last Interglacial (LIG, ∼129-116 ka) based on geological sea level high-stand markers require a correction for the contaminating influence of glacial isostatic adjustment (GIA). This correction is obtained by calculating the viscoelastic response of the Earth to changes in the ice and ocean load prior to and following the LIG. While ice retreat over the last deglaciation is relatively well constrained, changes in ice cover prior to the LIG are more uncertain. We investigate the sensitivity of numerical predictions of GIA during the LIG to variations in the geometry of pre-LIG ice cover and the timing of the deglaciation into the LIG, with a particular focus on Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 6 (∼190-130 ka). We demonstrate that reconstructing the pre-LIG ice history by replicating the last glacial cycle back in time, rather than using ice volume approximations based on oxygen isotope records, can introduce errors in LIG high-stand predictions of ∼5 m at sites on the peripheral bulge of major ice complexes, and up to ∼2 m at far-field sites. We also demonstrate that predictions of LIG sea level are more sensitive to the geographic distribution of ice cover during MIS 6 than previously recognized. Adopting simulations which vary the relative size of Late Pleistocene ice cover over North America and Eurasia can yield a change in predicted high-stand elevations of ∼5 m in both the near and far field of northern hemisphere ice sheets. This far-field sensitivity arises, in part, from the reorientation of Earth's rotation axis during MIS 6, which in turn drives sea-level changes with a distinct geographic signature. In future work we will apply the insights gained here to re-evaluate the observed geographic variability in geological high-stand markers of LIG age and estimates of GMSL based upon them.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Dendy, S and Austermann, J and Creveling, J R and Mitrovica, J X},
 doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2017.06.013},
 journal = {Quaternary Science Reviews}
}

Estimates of peak global mean sea level (GMSL) during the Last Interglacial (LIG, ∼129-116 ka) based on geological sea level high-stand markers require a correction for the contaminating influence of glacial isostatic adjustment (GIA). This correction is obtained by calculating the viscoelastic response of the Earth to changes in the ice and ocean load prior to and following the LIG. While ice retreat over the last deglaciation is relatively well constrained, changes in ice cover prior to the LIG are more uncertain. We investigate the sensitivity of numerical predictions of GIA during the LIG to variations in the geometry of pre-LIG ice cover and the timing of the deglaciation into the LIG, with a particular focus on Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 6 (∼190-130 ka). We demonstrate that reconstructing the pre-LIG ice history by replicating the last glacial cycle back in time, rather than using ice volume approximations based on oxygen isotope records, can introduce errors in LIG high-stand predictions of ∼5 m at sites on the peripheral bulge of major ice complexes, and up to ∼2 m at far-field sites. We also demonstrate that predictions of LIG sea level are more sensitive to the geographic distribution of ice cover during MIS 6 than previously recognized. Adopting simulations which vary the relative size of Late Pleistocene ice cover over North America and Eurasia can yield a change in predicted high-stand elevations of ∼5 m in both the near and far field of northern hemisphere ice sheets. This far-field sensitivity arises, in part, from the reorientation of Earth's rotation axis during MIS 6, which in turn drives sea-level changes with a distinct geographic signature. In future work we will apply the insights gained here to re-evaluate the observed geographic variability in geological high-stand markers of LIG age and estimates of GMSL based upon them.

@article{
 title = {The analysis of Last Interglacial (MIS 5e) relative sea-level indicators: Reconstructing sea-level in a warmer world},
 type = {article},
 year = {2016},
 keywords = {Ice sheets,Last Interglacial,MIS 5e,Paleo sea-level,Past sea-level changes,Sea-level marker,Sea-level reconstruction},
 pages = {404-427},
 volume = {159},
 websites = {http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0012825216301246},
 publisher = {Elsevier B.V.},
 id = {8ac99412-3e4b-3380-a5de-3899e9b62021},
 created = {2016-07-18T08:20:30.000Z},
 file_attached = {false},
 profile_id = {58d47d98-a4f4-3ac1-a79d-2d252a797376},
 group_id = {2ba26f0d-672d-3e62-890c-74a17b5168fd},
 last_modified = {2018-09-14T15:34:16.174Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {true},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 citation_key = {Rovere2016j},
 private_publication = {false},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Rovere, Alessio and Raymo, Maureen E. and Vacchi, Matteo and Lorscheid, Thomas and Stocchi, Paolo and Gómez-Pujol, Lluís and Harris, Daniel L. and Casella, Elisa and O’Leary, Michael J. and Hearty, Paul J.},
 doi = {10.1016/j.earscirev.2016.06.006},
 journal = {Earth-Science Reviews}
}

@article{
 title = {Palaeo-sea-level and palaeo-ice-sheet databases: problems, strategies, and perspectives},
 type = {article},
 year = {2016},
 pages = {911-921},
 volume = {12},
 websites = {http://www.clim-past.net/12/911/2016/},
 id = {3636c9a7-44fc-3a8d-9313-2612635ed37e},
 created = {2016-07-18T08:20:30.000Z},
 file_attached = {false},
 profile_id = {58d47d98-a4f4-3ac1-a79d-2d252a797376},
 group_id = {2ba26f0d-672d-3e62-890c-74a17b5168fd},
 last_modified = {2017-03-14T13:27:08.137Z},
 read = {true},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {true},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 citation_key = {Dusterhus2016},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {<p>Sea-level and ice-sheet databases have driven numerous advances in understanding the Earth system. We describe the challenges and offer best strategies that can be adopted to build self-consistent and standardised databases of geological and geochemical information used to archive palaeo-sea-levels and palaeo-ice-sheets. There are three phases in the development of a database: (i) measurement, (ii) interpretation, and (iii) database creation. Measurement should include the objective description of the position and age of a sample, description of associated geological features, and quantification of uncertainties. Interpretation of the sample may have a subjective component, but it should always include uncertainties and alternative or contrasting interpretations, with any exclusion of existing interpretations requiring a full justification. During the creation of a database, an approach based on accessibility, transparency, trust, availability, continuity, completeness, and communication of content (ATTAC<sup>3</sup>) must be adopted. It is essential to consider the community that creates and benefits from a database. We conclude that funding agencies should not only consider the creation of original data in specific research-question-oriented projects, but also include the possibility of using part of the funding for IT-related and database creation tasks, which are essential to guarantee accessibility and maintenance of the collected data.</p>},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Düsterhus, André and Rovere, Alessio and Carlson, Anders E. and Horton, Benjamin P. and Klemann, Volker and Tarasov, Lev and Barlow, Natasha L. M. and Bradwell, Tom and Clark, Jorie and Dutton, Andrea and Gehrels, W. Roland and Hibbert, Fiona D. and Hijma, Marc P. and Khan, Nicole and Kopp, Robert E. and Sivan, Dorit and Törnqvist, Torbjörn E.},
 doi = {10.5194/cp-12-911-2016},
 journal = {Climate of the Past},
 number = {4}
}

Sea-level and ice-sheet databases have driven numerous advances in understanding the Earth system. We describe the challenges and offer best strategies that can be adopted to build self-consistent and standardised databases of geological and geochemical information used to archive palaeo-sea-levels and palaeo-ice-sheets. There are three phases in the development of a database: (i) measurement, (ii) interpretation, and (iii) database creation. Measurement should include the objective description of the position and age of a sample, description of associated geological features, and quantification of uncertainties. Interpretation of the sample may have a subjective component, but it should always include uncertainties and alternative or contrasting interpretations, with any exclusion of existing interpretations requiring a full justification. During the creation of a database, an approach based on accessibility, transparency, trust, availability, continuity, completeness, and communication of content (ATTAC³) must be adopted. It is essential to consider the community that creates and benefits from a database. We conclude that funding agencies should not only consider the creation of original data in specific research-question-oriented projects, but also include the possibility of using part of the funding for IT-related and database creation tasks, which are essential to guarantee accessibility and maintenance of the collected data.

@article{
 title = {Ice melt, sea level rise and superstorms: evidence from paleoclimate data, climate modeling, and modern observations that 2 C global warming could be dangerous},
 type = {article},
 year = {2016},
 pages = {3761-3812},
 volume = {16},
 publisher = {Copernicus GmbH},
 id = {5c7f08ce-dd33-312a-a461-86ce491f60bb},
 created = {2019-02-19T14:39:54.370Z},
 file_attached = {false},
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 group_id = {2ba26f0d-672d-3e62-890c-74a17b5168fd},
 last_modified = {2019-02-19T14:39:54.370Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {false},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 citation_key = {hansen2016ice},
 source_type = {article},
 private_publication = {false},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Hansen, James and Sato, Makiko and Hearty, Paul and Ruedy, Reto and Kelley, Maxwell and Masson-Delmotte, Valerie and Russell, Gary and Tselioudis, George and Cao, Junji and Rignot, Eric and others, undefined},
 journal = {Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics},
 number = {6}
}

@article{
 title = {Modeling the oxygen isotope composition of the Antarctic ice sheet and its significance to Pliocene sea level},
 type = {article},
 year = {2016},
 pages = {827-830},
 volume = {44},
 publisher = {Geological Society of America},
 id = {4f9812d5-2c82-38e4-a872-efb84c3e3369},
 created = {2019-02-19T14:39:54.434Z},
 file_attached = {false},
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 group_id = {2ba26f0d-672d-3e62-890c-74a17b5168fd},
 last_modified = {2019-02-19T14:39:54.434Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {false},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 citation_key = {gasson2016modeling},
 source_type = {article},
 private_publication = {false},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Gasson, Edward and DeConto, Robert M and Pollard, David},
 journal = {Geology},
 number = {10}
}

@article{
 title = {Antarctic ice sheet sensitivity to atmospheric CO2 variations in the early to mid-Miocene},
 type = {article},
 year = {2016},
 pages = {3453-3458},
 volume = {113},
 publisher = {National Acad Sciences},
 id = {29562b5d-61a2-3e89-bbd8-ace64194ce15},
 created = {2019-02-19T14:39:54.441Z},
 file_attached = {false},
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 last_modified = {2019-02-19T14:39:54.441Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {false},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 citation_key = {levy2016antarctic},
 source_type = {article},
 private_publication = {false},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Levy, Richard and Harwood, David and Florindo, Fabio and Sangiorgi, Francesca and Tripati, Robert and Von Eynatten, Hilmar and Gasson, Edward and Kuhn, Gerhard and Tripati, Aradhna and DeConto, Robert and others, undefined},
 journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences},
 number = {13}
}

@article{
 title = {Inferences of mantle viscosity based on ice age data sets: Radial structure},
 type = {article},
 year = {2016},
 pages = {6991-7012},
 volume = {121},
 publisher = {Wiley Online Library},
 id = {760af877-305d-3d2b-8b51-0c697bab618f},
 created = {2019-02-19T14:39:54.504Z},
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 last_modified = {2019-02-19T14:39:54.504Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {false},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 citation_key = {lau2016inferences},
 source_type = {article},
 private_publication = {false},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Lau, Harriet C P and Mitrovica, Jerry X and Austermann, Jacqueline and Crawford, Ophelia and Al-Attar, David and Latychev, Konstantin},
 journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth},
 number = {10}
}

@article{
 title = {Large ensemble modeling of the last deglacial retreat of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet: comparison of simple and advanced statistical techniques},
 type = {article},
 year = {2016},
 id = {183bea60-84d4-3139-b7c3-4ac75df791c5},
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 starred = {false},
 authored = {false},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 citation_key = {pollard2016large},
 source_type = {article},
 private_publication = {false},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Pollard, David and Chang, Won and Haran, Murali and Applegate, Patrick and DeConto, Robert}
}

@article{
 title = {Interhemispheric bias in earth's climate response to orbital forcing},
 type = {article},
 year = {2016},
 pages = {1},
 volume = {2016},
 publisher = {Copernicus GmbH},
 id = {a8db8f6d-de70-3c0b-879c-2ae735c0dbe6},
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 hidden = {false},
 citation_key = {roychowdhury2016interhemispheric},
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 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Roychowdhury, R and DeConto, R M},
 journal = {Climate of the Past},
 number = {1}
}

@article{
 title = {Windblown Pliocene diatoms and East antarctic ice sheet retreat},
 type = {article},
 year = {2016},
 pages = {12957},
 volume = {7},
 publisher = {Nature Publishing Group},
 id = {88831842-e90a-3c57-94ea-69e25a908b72},
 created = {2019-02-19T14:39:54.668Z},
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 authored = {false},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 citation_key = {scherer2016windblown},
 source_type = {article},
 private_publication = {false},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Scherer, Reed P and DeConto, Robert M and Pollard, David and Alley, Richard B},
 journal = {Nature communications}
}

@article{
 title = {An early Pleistocene Mg/Ca-$δ$18O record from the Gulf of Mexico: Evaluating ice sheet size and pacing in the 41-kyr world},
 type = {article},
 year = {2016},
 pages = {1011-1027},
 volume = {31},
 publisher = {Wiley Online Library},
 id = {2ad72d84-3dc2-3c6f-a8ff-e48ad06c24c7},
 created = {2019-02-19T14:39:54.706Z},
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 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 citation_key = {shakun2016early},
 source_type = {article},
 private_publication = {false},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Shakun, Jeremy D and Raymo, Maureen E and Lea, David W},
 journal = {Paleoceanography},
 number = {7}
}

@article{
 title = {Reply to: Terry, J. and Goff, J. comment on “Late Cenozoic sea level and the rise of modern rimmed atolls” by Toomey et al.(2016), Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 451: 73--83},
 type = {article},
 year = {2016},
 publisher = {Elsevier},
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 author = {Toomey, Michael R and Ashton, Andrew D and Raymo, Maureen E and Perron, J Taylor}
}

@article{
 title = {Trigger seen for antarctic collapse: continued growth of greenhouse-gas emissions this century could raise sea levels more than 15 metres by 2500},
 type = {article},
 year = {2016},
 pages = {562-563},
 volume = {531},
 publisher = {Nature Publishing Group},
 id = {0165907f-942f-3afb-b879-16064a60aba9},
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 author = {Tollefson, Jeff},
 journal = {Nature},
 number = {7596}
}

@article{
 title = {Late Cenozoic sea level and the rise of modern rimmed atolls},
 type = {article},
 year = {2016},
 pages = {73-83},
 volume = {451},
 publisher = {Elsevier},
 id = {2bbe5ae2-4cc0-3785-bb26-527e90bc6872},
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 authored = {false},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 citation_key = {toomey2016late},
 source_type = {article},
 private_publication = {false},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Toomey, Michael R and Ashton, Andrew D and Raymo, Maureen E and Perron, J Taylor},
 journal = {Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology}
}

@article{
 title = {Antarctic Ice Sheet variability across the Eocene-Oligocene boundary climate transition},
 type = {article},
 year = {2016},
 pages = {76-80},
 volume = {352},
 publisher = {American Association for the Advancement of Science},
 id = {2e29afa1-2c08-3a3c-8b43-1cd824b20535},
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 hidden = {false},
 citation_key = {galeotti2016antarctic},
 source_type = {article},
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 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Galeotti, Simone and DeConto, Robert and Naish, Timothy and Stocchi, Paolo and Florindo, Fabio and Pagani, Mark and Barrett, Peter and Bohaty, Steven M and Lanci, Luca and Pollard, David and others, undefined},
 journal = {Science},
 number = {6281}
}

@article{
 title = {Antarctica’s contribution to Last Interglacial and future sea-level rise},
 type = {article},
 year = {2016},
 pages = {591-597},
 volume = {531},
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 starred = {false},
 authored = {false},
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 citation_key = {deconto2016antarctica},
 source_type = {article},
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 bibtype = {article},
 author = {DeConto, R M and Pollard, D},
 journal = {Nature}
}

@article{
 title = {Dynamic Antarctic ice sheet during the early to mid-Miocene},
 type = {article},
 year = {2016},
 pages = {3459-3464},
 volume = {113},
 publisher = {National Acad Sciences},
 id = {f812c408-e120-3e94-93c5-6ec2c4c0aa03},
 created = {2019-02-19T14:39:54.902Z},
 file_attached = {false},
 profile_id = {58d47d98-a4f4-3ac1-a79d-2d252a797376},
 group_id = {2ba26f0d-672d-3e62-890c-74a17b5168fd},
 last_modified = {2019-02-19T14:39:54.902Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {false},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 citation_key = {gasson2016dynamic},
 source_type = {article},
 private_publication = {false},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Gasson, Edward and DeConto, Robert M and Pollard, David and Levy, Richard H},
 journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences},
 number = {13}
}

@article{
 title = {A high-resolution mid-Pleistocene temperature record from Arctic Lake El'gygytgyn: a 50 kyr super interglacial from MIS 33 to MIS 31?},
 type = {article},
 year = {2016},
 pages = {56-63},
 volume = {436},
 publisher = {Elsevier},
 id = {a5279610-8ea2-393c-a2bc-2b1889c54eef},
 created = {2019-02-19T14:39:54.902Z},
 file_attached = {false},
 profile_id = {58d47d98-a4f4-3ac1-a79d-2d252a797376},
 group_id = {2ba26f0d-672d-3e62-890c-74a17b5168fd},
 last_modified = {2019-02-19T14:39:54.902Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {false},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 citation_key = {gregory2016high},
 source_type = {article},
 private_publication = {false},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Gregory, A and Castañeda, Isla S and DeConto, Robert M and Brigham-Grette, Julie},
 journal = {Earth and Planetary Science Letters}
}

@article{
 title = {A high-resolution mid-Pleistocene temperature record from Arctic Lake El'gygytgyn: a 50 kyr super interglacial from MIS 33 to MIS 31?},
 type = {article},
 year = {2016},
 pages = {56-63},
 volume = {436},
 websites = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0012821X15007840},
 month = {2},
 publisher = {Elsevier},
 day = {15},
 id = {ad37340d-3880-3f72-8705-3aa8450892a5},
 created = {2019-02-26T18:23:36.010Z},
 accessed = {2019-02-26},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {5247aa9c-a91b-3523-98a1-76524301b189},
 group_id = {2ba26f0d-672d-3e62-890c-74a17b5168fd},
 last_modified = {2019-02-26T18:23:39.776Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {false},
 confirmed = {false},
 hidden = {false},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {Previous periods of extreme warmth in Earth's history are of great interest in light of current and predicted anthropogenic warming. Numerous so called “super interglacial” intervals, with summer temperatures significantly warmer than today, have been identified in the 3.6 million year (Ma) sediment record from Lake El'gygytgyn, northeast Russia. To date, however, a high-resolution paleotemperature reconstruction from any of these super interglacials is lacking. Here we present a paleotemperature reconstruction based on branched glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers (brGDGTs) from Marine Isotope Stages (MIS) 35 to MIS 29, including super interglacial MIS 31. To investigate this period in detail, samples were analyzed with an unprecedented average sample resolution of 500 yrs from MIS 33 to MIS 30. Our results suggest the entire period currently defined as MIS 33–31 (∼1114–1062 kyr BP) was characterized by generally warm and highly variable conditions at the lake, at times out of phase with Northern Hemisphere summer insolation, and that cold “glacial” conditions during MIS 32 lasted only a few thousand years. Close similarities are seen with coeval records from high southern latitudes, supporting the suggestion that the interval from MIS 33 to MIS 31 was an exceptionally long interglacial (Teitler et al., 2015). Based on brGDGT temperatures from Lake El'gygytgyn (this study and unpublished results), warming in the western Arctic during MIS 31 was matched only by MIS 11 during the Pleistocene.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {de Wet, Gregory A. and Castañeda, Isla S. and DeConto, Robert M. and Brigham-Grette, Julie},
 doi = {10.1016/J.EPSL.2015.12.021},
 journal = {Earth and Planetary Science Letters}
}

Previous periods of extreme warmth in Earth's history are of great interest in light of current and predicted anthropogenic warming. Numerous so called “super interglacial” intervals, with summer temperatures significantly warmer than today, have been identified in the 3.6 million year (Ma) sediment record from Lake El'gygytgyn, northeast Russia. To date, however, a high-resolution paleotemperature reconstruction from any of these super interglacials is lacking. Here we present a paleotemperature reconstruction based on branched glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers (brGDGTs) from Marine Isotope Stages (MIS) 35 to MIS 29, including super interglacial MIS 31. To investigate this period in detail, samples were analyzed with an unprecedented average sample resolution of 500 yrs from MIS 33 to MIS 30. Our results suggest the entire period currently defined as MIS 33–31 (∼1114–1062 kyr BP) was characterized by generally warm and highly variable conditions at the lake, at times out of phase with Northern Hemisphere summer insolation, and that cold “glacial” conditions during MIS 32 lasted only a few thousand years. Close similarities are seen with coeval records from high southern latitudes, supporting the suggestion that the interval from MIS 33 to MIS 31 was an exceptionally long interglacial (Teitler et al., 2015). Based on brGDGT temperatures from Lake El'gygytgyn (this study and unpublished results), warming in the western Arctic during MIS 31 was matched only by MIS 11 during the Pleistocene.

@article{
 title = {Antarctic ice sheet sensitivity to atmospheric CO2 variations in the early to mid-Miocene},
 type = {article},
 year = {2016},
 pages = {3453-3458},
 volume = {113},
 websites = {https://www.pnas.org/content/113/13/3453},
 month = {3},
 publisher = {National Academy of Sciences},
 day = {29},
 id = {888a1910-edee-3062-a0e8-c90457ea37ad},
 created = {2019-02-26T18:25:18.906Z},
 accessed = {2019-02-26},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {5247aa9c-a91b-3523-98a1-76524301b189},
 group_id = {2ba26f0d-672d-3e62-890c-74a17b5168fd},
 last_modified = {2019-02-26T18:25:26.472Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {false},
 confirmed = {false},
 hidden = {false},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {New information from the ANDRILL-2A drill core and a complementary ice sheet modeling study show that polar climate and Antarctic ice sheet (AIS) margins were highly dynamic during the early to mid-Miocene. Changes in extent of the AIS inferred by these studies suggest that high southern latitudes were sensitive to relatively small changes in atmospheric CO2 (between 280 and 500 ppm). Importantly, reconstructions through intervals of peak warmth indicate that the AIS retreated beyond its terrestrial margin under atmospheric CO2 conditions that were similar to those projected for the coming centuries.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Levy, Richard and Harwood, David and Florindo, Fabio and Sangiorgi, Francesca and Tripati, Robert and Eynatten, Hilmar von and Gasson, Edward and Kuhn, Gerhard and Tripati, Aradhna and DeConto, Robert and Fielding, Christopher and Field, Brad and Golledge, Nicholas and McKay, Robert and Naish, Timothy and Olney, Matthew and Pollard, David and Schouten, Stefan and Talarico, Franco and Warny, Sophie and Willmott, Veronica and Acton, Gary and Panter, Kurt and Paulsen, Timothy and Taviani, Marco and Team, SMS Science},
 doi = {10.1073/PNAS.1516030113},
 journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences},
 number = {13}
}

New information from the ANDRILL-2A drill core and a complementary ice sheet modeling study show that polar climate and Antarctic ice sheet (AIS) margins were highly dynamic during the early to mid-Miocene. Changes in extent of the AIS inferred by these studies suggest that high southern latitudes were sensitive to relatively small changes in atmospheric CO2 (between 280 and 500 ppm). Importantly, reconstructions through intervals of peak warmth indicate that the AIS retreated beyond its terrestrial margin under atmospheric CO2 conditions that were similar to those projected for the coming centuries.

@article{
 title = {Mid-Pliocene shorelines of the US Atlantic Coastal Plain — An improved elevation database with comparison to Earth model predictions},
 type = {article},
 year = {2015},
 keywords = {Dynamic topography,Glacial isostatic adjustment,Mid-Pliocene shoreline,Sea level,US Atlantic Coastal Plain,mid-pliocene shoreline,us atlantic coastal plain},
 pages = {117-131},
 volume = {145},
 websites = {http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0012825215000355},
 publisher = {Elsevier B.V.},
 id = {6db8e07e-f584-39d4-84ae-637ea0d904a5},
 created = {2015-04-07T11:26:41.000Z},
 file_attached = {false},
 profile_id = {58d47d98-a4f4-3ac1-a79d-2d252a797376},
 group_id = {2ba26f0d-672d-3e62-890c-74a17b5168fd},
 last_modified = {2017-03-14T13:27:08.137Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {true},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 citation_key = {Rovere2015},
 private_publication = {false},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Rovere, a. and Hearty, P.J. and Austermann, J. and Mitrovica, J.X. and Gale, J. and Moucha, R. and Forte, A.M. and Raymo, M.E.},
 doi = {10.1016/j.earscirev.2015.02.007},
 journal = {Earth-Science Reviews}
}

@article{
 title = {Palaeo sea-level and ice-sheet databases: problems, strategies and perspectives},
 type = {article},
 year = {2015},
 pages = {2389-2404},
 volume = {11},
 websites = {http://www.clim-past-discuss.net/11/2389/2015/},
 id = {37cc6228-97bf-3a75-9411-b08839eb06df},
 created = {2015-11-08T16:41:55.000Z},
 file_attached = {false},
 profile_id = {58d47d98-a4f4-3ac1-a79d-2d252a797376},
 group_id = {2ba26f0d-672d-3e62-890c-74a17b5168fd},
 last_modified = {2017-03-14T13:27:08.137Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {true},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 citation_key = {cpd-11-2389-2015},
 source_type = {article},
 private_publication = {false},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Düsterhus, A and Rovere, A and Carlson, A E and Barlow, N L M and Bradwell, T and Dutton, A and Gehrels, R and Hibbert, F D and Hijma, M P and Horton, B P and Klemann, V and Kopp, R E and Sivan, D and Tarasov, L and Törnqvist, T E},
 doi = {10.5194/cpd-11-2389-2015},
 journal = {Climate of the Past Discussions},
 number = {3},
 keywords = {PLIOMAX,SLCC}
}

@inbook{
 type = {inbook},
 year = {2015},
 pages = {268-280},
 publisher = {Wiley Online Library},
 chapter = {Fixed biological indicators},
 id = {b43132fb-c7b8-3a71-9fa0-8d92f030fb7e},
 created = {2015-11-08T16:41:55.000Z},
 file_attached = {false},
 profile_id = {58d47d98-a4f4-3ac1-a79d-2d252a797376},
 group_id = {2ba26f0d-672d-3e62-890c-74a17b5168fd},
 last_modified = {2017-03-14T13:27:08.137Z},
 read = {true},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {true},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 citation_key = {Rovere2015a},
 private_publication = {false},
 bibtype = {inbook},
 author = {Rovere, Alessio and Antonioli, Fabrizio and Bianchi, Carlo Nike},
 editor = {Shennan, Ian and Long, Antony J. and Horton, Benjamin P},
 title = {Handbook of Sea-Level Research},
 keywords = {MEDFLOOD,PLIOMAX,SLCC}
}

@article{
 title = {Antarctic bedrock topography uncertainty and ice sheet stability},
 type = {article},
 year = {2015},
 pages = {5372-5377},
 volume = {42},
 publisher = {Wiley Online Library},
 id = {cb0aa144-8ad0-3a7a-92bb-42fd5c8314d5},
 created = {2015-11-08T17:37:02.000Z},
 file_attached = {false},
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 group_id = {2ba26f0d-672d-3e62-890c-74a17b5168fd},
 last_modified = {2017-03-14T13:27:08.137Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {false},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 citation_key = {gasson2015antarctic},
 source_type = {article},
 private_publication = {false},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Gasson, E and DeConto, R and Pollard, D},
 journal = {Geophysical Research Letters},
 number = {13}
}

@article{
 title = {Potential Antarctic Ice Sheet retreat driven by hydrofracturing and ice cliff failure},
 type = {article},
 year = {2015},
 pages = {112-121},
 volume = {412},
 publisher = {Elsevier},
 id = {07f9e234-916f-3987-924e-7ab16bff90f8},
 created = {2015-11-08T17:37:02.000Z},
 file_attached = {false},
 profile_id = {58d47d98-a4f4-3ac1-a79d-2d252a797376},
 group_id = {2ba26f0d-672d-3e62-890c-74a17b5168fd},
 last_modified = {2017-03-14T13:27:08.137Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {false},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 citation_key = {pollard2015potential},
 source_type = {article},
 private_publication = {false},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Pollard, David and DeConto, Robert M and Alley, Richard B},
 journal = {Earth and Planetary Science Letters}
}

@article{
 title = {Ice sheet model dependency of the simulated Greenland Ice Sheet in the mid-Pliocene},
 type = {article},
 year = {2015},
 pages = {369-381},
 volume = {11},
 publisher = {European Geosciences Union},
 id = {70f2aa20-e212-3de9-aabb-4b7c6f2d005e},
 created = {2015-11-08T17:37:02.000Z},
 file_attached = {false},
 profile_id = {58d47d98-a4f4-3ac1-a79d-2d252a797376},
 group_id = {2ba26f0d-672d-3e62-890c-74a17b5168fd},
 last_modified = {2017-03-14T13:27:08.137Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {false},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 citation_key = {koenig2015ice},
 source_type = {article},
 private_publication = {false},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Koenig, S J and Dolan, A M and de Boer, B and Stone, E J and Hill, D J and DeConto, R M and Abe-Ouchi, A and Lunt, D J and Pollard, D and Quiquet, A and others, undefined},
 journal = {Climate of the Past},
 number = {3}
}

@article{
 title = {Simulating the Antarctic ice sheet in the late-Pliocene warm period: PLISMIP-ANT, an ice-sheet model intercomparison project},
 type = {article},
 year = {2015},
 pages = {881-903},
 volume = {9},
 publisher = {European Geosciences Union},
 id = {354f704c-728a-38b7-b261-9509e308e517},
 created = {2015-11-08T17:37:02.000Z},
 file_attached = {false},
 profile_id = {58d47d98-a4f4-3ac1-a79d-2d252a797376},
 group_id = {2ba26f0d-672d-3e62-890c-74a17b5168fd},
 last_modified = {2017-03-14T13:27:08.137Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {false},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 citation_key = {de2015simulating},
 source_type = {article},
 private_publication = {false},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {de Boer, Bas and Dolan, A M and Bernales, Jorge and Gasson, Edward and Golledge, N R and Sutter, J and Huybrechts, P and Lohmann, G and Rogozhina, I and Abe-Ouchi, A and others, undefined},
 journal = {The Cryosphere}
}

@article{
 title = {Sea-level rise due to polar ice-sheet mass loss during past warm periods},
 type = {article},
 year = {2015},
 pages = {aaa4019},
 volume = {349},
 publisher = {American Association for the Advancement of Science},
 id = {83379ea6-13db-328f-8405-7bcb6a59fdd9},
 created = {2015-11-11T17:16:22.000Z},
 file_attached = {false},
 profile_id = {58d47d98-a4f4-3ac1-a79d-2d252a797376},
 group_id = {2ba26f0d-672d-3e62-890c-74a17b5168fd},
 last_modified = {2017-03-14T13:27:08.137Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {false},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 citation_key = {dutton2015sea},
 source_type = {article},
 private_publication = {false},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Dutton, A and Carlson, A E and Long, A J and Milne, G A and Clark, P U and DeConto, R and Horton, B P and Rahmstorf, S and Raymo, M E},
 journal = {Science},
 number = {6244}
}

@article{
 title = {Paleo Constraints on Future Sea-Level Rise},
 type = {article},
 year = {2015},
 pages = {205-215},
 volume = {1},
 publisher = {Springer},
 id = {06ec95c7-2dcd-3bea-b848-63cd573dac55},
 created = {2015-11-11T17:16:22.000Z},
 file_attached = {false},
 profile_id = {58d47d98-a4f4-3ac1-a79d-2d252a797376},
 group_id = {2ba26f0d-672d-3e62-890c-74a17b5168fd},
 last_modified = {2017-03-14T13:27:08.137Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {false},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 citation_key = {kemp2015paleo},
 source_type = {article},
 private_publication = {false},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Kemp, Andrew C and Dutton, Andrea and Raymo, Maureen E},
 journal = {Current Climate Change Reports},
 number = {3}
}

@article{
 title = {Sea-level feedback lowers projections of future Antarctic Ice-Sheet mass loss},
 type = {article},
 year = {2015},
 pages = {1-8},
 volume = {6},
 websites = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ncomms9798},
 publisher = {Nature Publishing Group},
 id = {8dab7267-acd3-3edb-8084-ec3850f01b3a},
 created = {2016-01-23T20:21:22.000Z},
 file_attached = {false},
 profile_id = {58d47d98-a4f4-3ac1-a79d-2d252a797376},
 group_id = {2ba26f0d-672d-3e62-890c-74a17b5168fd},
 last_modified = {2019-02-19T14:39:55.135Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {false},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 citation_key = {Gomez2015},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {The stability of marine sectors of the Antarctic Ice Sheet (AIS) in a warming climate has been identified as the largest source of uncertainty in projections of future sea-level rise. Sea-level fall near the grounding line of a retreating marine ice sheet has a stabilizing influence on the ice sheets, and previous studies have established the importance of this feedback on ice age AIS evolution. Here we use a coupled ice sheet–sea-level model to investigate the impact of the feedback mechanism on future AIS retreat over centennial and millennial timescales for a range of emission scenarios. We show that the combination of bedrock uplift and sea-surface drop associated with ice-sheet retreat significantly reduces AIS mass loss relative to a simulation without these effects included. Sensitivity analyses show that the stabilization tends to be greatest for lower emission scenarios and Earth models characterized by a thin elastic lithosphere and low-viscosity upper mantle, as is the case for West Antarctica.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Gomez, Natalya and Pollard, David and Holland, David},
 doi = {10.1038/ncomms9798},
 journal = {Nature Communications}
}

The stability of marine sectors of the Antarctic Ice Sheet (AIS) in a warming climate has been identified as the largest source of uncertainty in projections of future sea-level rise. Sea-level fall near the grounding line of a retreating marine ice sheet has a stabilizing influence on the ice sheets, and previous studies have established the importance of this feedback on ice age AIS evolution. Here we use a coupled ice sheet–sea-level model to investigate the impact of the feedback mechanism on future AIS retreat over centennial and millennial timescales for a range of emission scenarios. We show that the combination of bedrock uplift and sea-surface drop associated with ice-sheet retreat significantly reduces AIS mass loss relative to a simulation without these effects included. Sensitivity analyses show that the stabilization tends to be greatest for lower emission scenarios and Earth models characterized by a thin elastic lithosphere and low-viscosity upper mantle, as is the case for West Antarctica.

@article{
 title = {Antarctic glacio-eustatic contributions to late Miocene Mediterranean desiccation and reflooding},
 type = {article},
 year = {2015},
 pages = {8765},
 volume = {6},
 publisher = {Nature Publishing Group},
 id = {684e00f8-e305-3bb8-bf0c-1c96658a2479},
 created = {2019-02-19T14:39:54.473Z},
 file_attached = {false},
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 last_modified = {2019-02-19T14:39:54.473Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {false},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 citation_key = {ohneiser2015antarctic},
 source_type = {article},
 private_publication = {false},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Ohneiser, Christian and Florindo, Fabio and Stocchi, Paolo and Roberts, Andrew P and DeConto, Robert M and Pollard, David},
 journal = {Nature communications}
}

@article{
 title = {Large ensemble modeling of last deglacial retreat of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet: Comparison of simple and advanced statistical techniques},
 type = {article},
 year = {2015},
 pages = {9925-9963},
 volume = {8},
 id = {aefa3bd1-b0ff-333f-bd79-cbdaa2f268c7},
 created = {2019-02-19T14:39:54.587Z},
 file_attached = {false},
 profile_id = {58d47d98-a4f4-3ac1-a79d-2d252a797376},
 group_id = {2ba26f0d-672d-3e62-890c-74a17b5168fd},
 last_modified = {2019-02-19T14:39:54.587Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {false},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 citation_key = {pollard2015large},
 source_type = {article},
 private_publication = {false},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Pollard, D and Chang, W and Haran, M and Applegate, P and DeConto, R},
 journal = {Geoscientific Model Development Discussions}
}

@article{
 title = {The impact of dynamic topography change on Antarctic ice sheet stability during the mid-Pliocene warm period},
 type = {article},
 year = {2015},
 pages = {927-930},
 volume = {43},
 publisher = {Geological Society of America},
 id = {3fd6a222-12f0-36a1-812a-b555defab67f},
 created = {2019-02-19T14:39:54.758Z},
 file_attached = {false},
 profile_id = {58d47d98-a4f4-3ac1-a79d-2d252a797376},
 group_id = {2ba26f0d-672d-3e62-890c-74a17b5168fd},
 last_modified = {2019-02-19T14:39:54.758Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {false},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 citation_key = {austermann2015impact},
 source_type = {article},
 private_publication = {false},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Austermann, Jacqueline and Pollard, David and Mitrovica, Jerry X and Moucha, Robert and Forte, Alessandro M and DeConto, Robert M and Rowley, David B and Raymo, Maureen E},
 journal = {Geology},
 number = {10}
}

@article{
 title = {The Mid-Pliocene sea-level conundrum: Glacial isostasy, eustasy and dynamic topography},
 type = {article},
 year = {2014},
 pages = {27-33},
 volume = {387},
 websites = {http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0012821X13006006,papers2://publication/doi/10.1016/j.epsl.2013.10.030},
 publisher = {Elsevier B.V.},
 day = {1},
 id = {2bcc0e2f-adab-3d3e-b7bf-34c7cf379e11},
 created = {2015-11-08T16:41:54.000Z},
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 citation_key = {Rovere2014},
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 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Rovere, Alessio and Raymo, Maureen E and Mitrovica, Jerry X and Hearty, Paul J and OʼLeary, M J and Inglis, J D},
 journal = {Earth and Planetary Science Letters},
 keywords = {MEDFLOOD,PLIOMAX}
}

@article{
 title = {Study of wave runup using numerical models and low-altitude aerial photogrammetry : A tool for coastal management},
 type = {article},
 year = {2014},
 pages = {160-167},
 volume = {149},
 websites = {http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0272771414002273,http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0272771414002273,http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecss.2014.08.012},
 month = {8},
 publisher = {Elsevier Ltd},
 id = {d6046316-3f5f-3ec9-9cde-f28dbf09b46c},
 created = {2015-11-08T16:41:55.000Z},
 accessed = {2014-09-25},
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 last_modified = {2017-03-14T13:27:08.137Z},
 read = {true},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {true},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 citation_key = {Casella2014},
 private_publication = {false},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Casella, Elisa and Rovere, Alessio and Pedroncini, Andrea and Mucerino, Luigi and Casella, Marco and Cusati, Alberto Luis and Vacchi, Matteo and Ferrari, Marco and Firpo, Marco},
 doi = {10.1016/j.ecss.2014.08.012},
 journal = {Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science},
 keywords = {MEDFLOOD,MIRAMAR,PLIOMAX,SEAMAP,SLCC}
}

@article{
 title = {Orbital forcing of the East Antarctic ice sheet during the Pliocene and Early Pleistocene},
 type = {article},
 year = {2014},
 pages = {841-847},
 volume = {7},
 publisher = {Nature Publishing Group},
 id = {2925c333-e971-3337-afca-5f415f11b5ca},
 created = {2015-11-08T17:37:02.000Z},
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 last_modified = {2017-03-14T13:27:08.137Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {false},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 citation_key = {patterson2014orbital},
 source_type = {article},
 private_publication = {false},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Patterson, M O and McKay, R and Naish, T and Escutia, C and Jimenez-Espejo, F J and Raymo, M E and Meyers, S R and Tauxe, L and Brinkhuis, H and Expedition, IODP and others, undefined},
 journal = {Nature Geoscience},
 number = {11}
}

@article{
 title = {Impact of reduced Arctic sea ice on Greenland ice sheet variability in a warmer than present climate},
 type = {article},
 year = {2014},
 pages = {3933-3942},
 volume = {41},
 publisher = {Wiley Online Library},
 id = {d3fe19ba-5eb1-3e0a-a01e-a9d29e46793f},
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 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {false},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 citation_key = {koenig2014impact},
 source_type = {article},
 private_publication = {false},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Koenig, S J and DeConto, R M and Pollard, D},
 journal = {Geophysical Research Letters},
 number = {11}
}

@article{
 title = {Deglacial ice sheet meltdown: orbital pacemaking and CO 2 effects},
 type = {article},
 year = {2014},
 pages = {1567-1579},
 volume = {10},
 publisher = {Copernicus GmbH},
 id = {e20c52de-df12-3d72-a6c0-fa6a155443b2},
 created = {2015-11-11T17:16:22.000Z},
 file_attached = {false},
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 last_modified = {2017-03-14T13:27:08.137Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {false},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 citation_key = {heinemann2014deglacial},
 source_type = {article},
 private_publication = {false},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Heinemann, M and Timmermann, A and Elison Timm, O and Saito, F and Abe-Ouchi, A},
 journal = {Climate of the Past},
 number = {4}
}

@article{
 title = {Uncertainties in the modelled CO 2 threshold for Antarctic glaciation},
 type = {article},
 year = {2014},
 pages = {451-466},
 volume = {10},
 publisher = {Copernicus GmbH},
 id = {9f6deec9-bde4-3cc2-88ec-b7f13b80fe8f},
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 last_modified = {2017-03-14T13:27:08.137Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {false},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 citation_key = {gasson2014uncertainties},
 source_type = {article},
 private_publication = {false},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Gasson, E and Lunt, D J and DeConto, R and Goldner, A and Heinemann, M and Huber, M and LeGrande, A N and Pollard, D and Sagoo, N and Siddall, M and others, undefined},
 journal = {Climate of the Past},
 number = {2}
}

@article{
 title = {Refining estimates of polar ice volumes during the MIS11 Interglacial using sea level records from South Africa},
 type = {article},
 year = {2014},
 pages = {8740-8746},
 volume = {27},
 id = {c24b8876-45e9-3df4-95e5-9d66d3d2af4f},
 created = {2019-02-19T14:39:54.866Z},
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 last_modified = {2019-02-19T14:39:54.866Z},
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 starred = {false},
 authored = {false},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 citation_key = {chen2014refining},
 source_type = {article},
 private_publication = {false},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Chen, Florence and Friedman, Sarah and Gertler, Charles G and Looney, James and O’Connell, Nizhoni and Sierks, Katie and Mitrovica, Jerry X},
 journal = {Journal of Climate},
 number = {23}
}

@article{
 title = {An updated database of Holocene relative sea level changes in NE Aegean Sea},
 type = {article},
 year = {2013},
 pages = {301-310},
 volume = {328-329},
 websites = {http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1040618213006563,papers2://publication/doi/10.1016/j.quaint.2013.08.036},
 month = {4},
 publisher = {Elsevier Ltd and INQUA},
 day = {1},
 id = {bbcec090-06d6-3817-bed6-9f8288c88ae0},
 created = {2015-11-08T16:41:55.000Z},
 accessed = {2014-09-07},
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 last_modified = {2017-03-14T13:27:08.137Z},
 read = {true},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {true},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 citation_key = {Vacchi2013},
 source_type = {JOUR},
 notes = {<b>From Duplicate 2 ( </b><br/><b><br/><i>An updated database of Holocene relative sea level changes in NE Aegean Sea</i><br/></b><br/><b>- Vacchi, Matteo; Rovere, Alessio; Chatzipetros, Alexandros; Zouros, Nickolas; Firpo, Marco )<br/><br/></b><br/><br/><br/><b>From Duplicate 1 ( </b><br/><br/><b><br/><i>An updated database of Holocene relative sea level changes in NE Aegean Sea</i><br/></b><br/><br/><b>- Vacchi, Matteo; Rovere, Alessio; Chatzipetros, Alexandros; Zouros, Nickolas; Firpo, Marco )<br/><br/></b>},
 private_publication = {false},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Vacchi, Matteo and Rovere, Alessio and Chatzipetros, Alexandros and Zouros, Nickolas and Firpo, Marco},
 doi = {10.1016/j.quaint.2013.08.036},
 journal = {Quaternary International},
 keywords = {MEDFLOOD,PLIOMAX}
}

@article{
 title = {Initiation of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet and estimates of total Antarctic ice volume in the earliest Oligocene},
 type = {article},
 year = {2013},
 pages = {4305-4309},
 volume = {40},
 publisher = {Wiley Online Library},
 id = {577df732-6269-309e-a479-1e2554026f34},
 created = {2015-11-08T17:37:01.000Z},
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 last_modified = {2017-03-14T13:27:08.137Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {false},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 citation_key = {wilson2013initiation},
 source_type = {article},
 private_publication = {false},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Wilson, Douglas S and Pollard, David and DeConto, Robert M and Jamieson, Stewart S R and Luyendyk, Bruce P},
 journal = {Geophysical research letters},
 number = {16}
}

@article{
 title = {Dynamic topography change of the eastern United States since 3 million years ago.},
 type = {article},
 year = {2013},
 pages = {1560-1563},
 volume = {340},
 websites = {http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/doi/10.1126/science.1229180,papers2://publication/doi/10.1126/science.1229180},
 day = {27},
 city = {Department of the Geophysical Sciences, 5734 South Ellis Avenue, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA. drowley@uchicago.edu},
 id = {c62068a7-1117-3955-ab37-234daa8bb5b0},
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 last_modified = {2018-09-14T15:34:16.160Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {false},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 citation_key = {Rowley2013b},
 source_type = {JOUR},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {Sedimentary rocks from Virginia through Florida record marine flooding during the mid-Pliocene. Several wave-cut scarps that at the time of deposition would have been horizontal are now draped over a warped surface with a maximum variation of 60 meters. We modeled dynamic topography by using mantle convection simulations that predict the amplitude and broad spatial distribution of this distortion. The results imply that dynamic topography and, to a lesser extent, glacial isostatic adjustment account for the current architecture of the coastal plain and proximal shelf. This confounds attempts to use regional stratigraphic relations as references for longer-term sea-level determinations. Inferences of Pliocene global sea-level heights or stability of Antarctic ice sheets therefore cannot be deciphered in the absence of an appropriate mantle dynamic reference frame.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Rowley, David B and Forte, Alessandro M and Moucha, Robert and Mitrovica, Jerry X and Simmons, Nathan A and Grand, Stephen P},
 journal = {Science},
 number = {6140}
}

Sedimentary rocks from Virginia through Florida record marine flooding during the mid-Pliocene. Several wave-cut scarps that at the time of deposition would have been horizontal are now draped over a warped surface with a maximum variation of 60 meters. We modeled dynamic topography by using mantle convection simulations that predict the amplitude and broad spatial distribution of this distortion. The results imply that dynamic topography and, to a lesser extent, glacial isostatic adjustment account for the current architecture of the coastal plain and proximal shelf. This confounds attempts to use regional stratigraphic relations as references for longer-term sea-level determinations. Inferences of Pliocene global sea-level heights or stability of Antarctic ice sheets therefore cannot be deciphered in the absence of an appropriate mantle dynamic reference frame.

@article{
 title = {Barbados-based estimate of ice volume at Last Glacial Maximum affected by subducted plate},
 type = {article},
 year = {2013},
 pages = {553-557},
 volume = {6},
 websites = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ngeo1859,papers2://publication/doi/10.1038/ngeo1859},
 publisher = {Nature Publishing Group},
 day = {23},
 id = {a2c0eece-f323-34b5-b469-389ed56532a2},
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 starred = {false},
 authored = {false},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 citation_key = {Austermann2013a},
 source_type = {JOUR},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {Nature Geoscience 6, 553 (2013). doi:10.1038/ngeo1859},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Austermann, Jacqueline and Mitrovica, Jerry X and Latychev, Konstantin and Milne, Glenn A},
 journal = {Nature Geoscience},
 number = {7}
}

Nature Geoscience 6, 553 (2013). doi:10.1038/ngeo1859

@article{
 title = {Relative sea-level rise around East Antarctica during Oligocene glaciation},
 type = {article},
 year = {2013},
 pages = {380-384},
 volume = {6},
 websites = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ngeo1783,papers2://publication/doi/10.1038/ngeo1783},
 publisher = {Nature Publishing Group},
 day = {21},
 id = {0885768b-dc71-3b56-828c-bed701a4a263},
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 last_modified = {2018-09-14T15:34:16.233Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {false},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 citation_key = {Stocchi2013a},
 source_type = {JOUR},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {Nature Geoscience 6, 380 (2013). doi:10.1038/ngeo1783},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Stocchi, Paolo and Escutia, Carlota and Houben, Alexander J P and Vermeersen, Bert L A and Bijl, Peter K and Brinkhuis, Henk and DeConto, Robert M and Galeotti, Simone and Passchier, Sandra and Pollard, David and Klaus, Adam and Fehr, Annick and Williams, Trevor and Bendle, James A P and Bohaty, Steven M and Carr, Stephanie A and Dunbar, Robert B and Flores, Jose Abel and Gonzàlez, Jhon J and Hayden, Travis G and Iwai, Masao and Jimenez-Espejo, Francisco J and Katsuki, Kota and Kong, Gee Soo and McKay, Robert M and Nakai, Mutsumi and Olney, Matthew P and Pekar, Stephen F and Pross, Jörg and Riesselman, Christina and Röhl, Ursula and Sakai, Toyosaburo and Shrivastava, Prakash Kumar and Stickley, Catherine E and Sugisaki, Saiko and Tauxe, Lisa and Tuo, Shouting and van de Flierdt, Tina and Welsh, Kevin and Yamane, Masako},
 journal = {Nature Geoscience},
 number = {5}
}

Nature Geoscience 6, 380 (2013). doi:10.1038/ngeo1783

@article{
 title = {A 3-D coupled ice sheet--sea level model applied to Antarctica through the last 40 ky},
 type = {article},
 year = {2013},
 pages = {88-99},
 volume = {384},
 publisher = {Elsevier},
 id = {40a92f9d-cf4a-3e16-86bd-1c2d18a367b2},
 created = {2015-11-08T17:37:02.000Z},
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 last_modified = {2017-03-14T13:27:08.137Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {false},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 citation_key = {gomez20133},
 source_type = {article},
 private_publication = {false},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Gomez, Natalya and Pollard, David and Mitrovica, Jerry X},
 journal = {Earth and Planetary Science Letters}
}

@article{
 title = {Ice sheet collapse following a prolonged period of stable sea level during the last interglacial},
 type = {article},
 year = {2013},
 pages = {796-800},
 volume = {6},
 publisher = {Nature Publishing Group},
 id = {767acce9-e5fc-3e49-a173-f659cdbf215c},
 created = {2015-11-11T17:16:22.000Z},
 file_attached = {false},
 profile_id = {58d47d98-a4f4-3ac1-a79d-2d252a797376},
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 last_modified = {2017-03-14T13:27:08.137Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {false},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 citation_key = {o2013ice},
 source_type = {article},
 private_publication = {false},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {O’Leary, Michael J and Hearty, Paul J and Thompson, William G and Raymo, Maureen E and Mitrovica, Jerry X and Webster, Jody M},
 journal = {Nature Geoscience},
 number = {9}
}

@article{
 title = {Assessing "dangerous climate change": required reduction of carbon emissions to protect young people, future generations and nature.},
 type = {article},
 year = {2013},
 keywords = {Animals,Carbon,Carbon: chemistry,Climate Change,Earth (Planet),Ecosystem,Humans,Policy,Social Responsibility},
 pages = {e81648},
 volume = {8},
 websites = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84891682477&partnerID=tZOtx3y1},
 id = {0de4da71-da73-3bf9-ae71-14b02fc1f22f},
 created = {2015-11-11T17:16:22.000Z},
 file_attached = {false},
 profile_id = {58d47d98-a4f4-3ac1-a79d-2d252a797376},
 group_id = {2ba26f0d-672d-3e62-890c-74a17b5168fd},
 last_modified = {2017-03-14T13:27:08.137Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {false},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 citation_key = {hansen2013assessing},
 source_type = {article},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {We assess climate impacts of global warming using ongoing observations and paleoclimate data. We use Earth's measured energy imbalance, paleoclimate data, and simple representations of the global carbon cycle and temperature to define emission reductions needed to stabilize climate and avoid potentially disastrous impacts on today's young people, future generations, and nature. A cumulative industrial-era limit of ∼500 GtC fossil fuel emissions and 100 GtC storage in the biosphere and soil would keep climate close to the Holocene range to which humanity and other species are adapted. Cumulative emissions of ∼1000 GtC, sometimes associated with 2°C global warming, would spur "slow" feedbacks and eventual warming of 3-4°C with disastrous consequences. Rapid emissions reduction is required to restore Earth's energy balance and avoid ocean heat uptake that would practically guarantee irreversible effects. Continuation of high fossil fuel emissions, given current knowledge of the consequences, would be an act of extraordinary witting intergenerational injustice. Responsible policymaking requires a rising price on carbon emissions that would preclude emissions from most remaining coal and unconventional fossil fuels and phase down emissions from conventional fossil fuels.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Hansen, James and Kharecha, Pushker and Sato, Makiko and Masson-Delmotte, Valerie and Ackerman, Frank and Beerling, David J and Hearty, Paul J and Hoegh-Guldberg, Ove and Hsu, Shi-Ling and Parmesan, Camille and Rockstrom, Johan and Rohling, Eelco J and Sachs, Jeffrey and Smith, Pete and Steffen, Konrad and Van Susteren, Lise and von Schuckmann, Karina and Zachos, James C},
 doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0081648},
 journal = {PloS one},
 number = {12}
}

We assess climate impacts of global warming using ongoing observations and paleoclimate data. We use Earth's measured energy imbalance, paleoclimate data, and simple representations of the global carbon cycle and temperature to define emission reductions needed to stabilize climate and avoid potentially disastrous impacts on today's young people, future generations, and nature. A cumulative industrial-era limit of ∼500 GtC fossil fuel emissions and 100 GtC storage in the biosphere and soil would keep climate close to the Holocene range to which humanity and other species are adapted. Cumulative emissions of ∼1000 GtC, sometimes associated with 2°C global warming, would spur "slow" feedbacks and eventual warming of 3-4°C with disastrous consequences. Rapid emissions reduction is required to restore Earth's energy balance and avoid ocean heat uptake that would practically guarantee irreversible effects. Continuation of high fossil fuel emissions, given current knowledge of the consequences, would be an act of extraordinary witting intergenerational injustice. Responsible policymaking requires a rising price on carbon emissions that would preclude emissions from most remaining coal and unconventional fossil fuels and phase down emissions from conventional fossil fuels.

@article{
 title = {Crowdsourcing in the Quaternary sea level community: insights from the Pliocene},
 type = {article},
 year = {2012},
 pages = {164-166},
 volume = {56},
 websites = {http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0277379112003599},
 month = {11},
 publisher = {Elsevier Ltd},
 id = {eebd51ab-5792-3b6b-a79f-2005e8b8643a},
 created = {2015-11-08T16:41:54.000Z},
 accessed = {2014-09-07},
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 profile_id = {58d47d98-a4f4-3ac1-a79d-2d252a797376},
 group_id = {2ba26f0d-672d-3e62-890c-74a17b5168fd},
 last_modified = {2017-03-14T13:27:08.137Z},
 read = {true},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {true},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 citation_key = {Rovere2012},
 private_publication = {false},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Rovere, a. and Raymo, M.E. and O'Leary, M.J. and Hearty, P.J.},
 doi = {10.1016/j.quascirev.2012.09.014},
 journal = {Quaternary Science Reviews},
 keywords = {MEDFLOOD,PLIOMAX}
}

@article{
 title = {Collapse of polar ice sheets during the stage 11 interglacial},
 type = {article},
 year = {2012},
 pages = {453-456},
 volume = {483},
 publisher = {Nature Publishing Group},
 id = {e0108dc2-98b1-3751-9a2a-162407b0b02a},
 created = {2015-11-08T17:37:02.000Z},
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 last_modified = {2017-03-14T13:27:08.137Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {false},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 citation_key = {raymo2012collapse},
 source_type = {article},
 private_publication = {false},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Raymo, Maureen E and Mitrovica, Jerry X},
 journal = {Nature},
 number = {7390}
}

@article{
 title = {Evolution of a coupled marine ice sheet--sea level model},
 type = {article},
 year = {2012},
 volume = {117},
 publisher = {Wiley Online Library},
 id = {5eae98df-1e98-3cef-9446-efd1ac52affb},
 created = {2015-11-08T17:37:02.000Z},
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 last_modified = {2017-03-14T13:27:08.137Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {false},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 citation_key = {gomez2012evolution},
 source_type = {article},
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 abstract = {The formulation of a 3-D ice sheet-shelf model is described. The model is designed for long-term continentalscale applications, and has been used mostly in paleoclimatic studies. It uses a hybrid combination of the scaled shallow ice and shallow shelf approximations for ice flow. Floating ice shelves and grounding-line migration are included, with parameterized ice fluxes at grounding lines that allows relatively coarse resolutions to be used. All signifi- cant components and parameterizations of the model are described in some detail. Basic results for modern Antarctica are compared with observations, and simulations over the last 5 million years are compared with previously published results. The sensitivity of ice volumes during the last deglaciation to basal sliding coefficients is discussed.},
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The formulation of a 3-D ice sheet-shelf model is described. The model is designed for long-term continentalscale applications, and has been used mostly in paleoclimatic studies. It uses a hybrid combination of the scaled shallow ice and shallow shelf approximations for ice flow. Floating ice shelves and grounding-line migration are included, with parameterized ice fluxes at grounding lines that allows relatively coarse resolutions to be used. All signifi- cant components and parameterizations of the model are described in some detail. Basic results for modern Antarctica are compared with observations, and simulations over the last 5 million years are compared with previously published results. The sensitivity of ice volumes during the last deglaciation to basal sliding coefficients is discussed.

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