@article{
 title = {Last interglacial (MIS 5e) sea-level proxies in southeastern South America},
 type = {article},
 year = {2021},
 keywords = {Amino acid dating,Elevation,Geology,Holocene,Interglacial,Landform,Marine isotope stage,Optically stimulated luminescence,Physical geography,Sea level},
 pages = {171-197},
 volume = {13},
 id = {898177a6-8e8f-3319-a430-905dbc27f6f7},
 created = {2021-02-03T10:54:06.346Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {58d47d98-a4f4-3ac1-a79d-2d252a797376},
 last_modified = {2021-09-06T15:57:45.813Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {true},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 citation_key = {Gowan2021},
 folder_uuids = {e3571967-132a-422c-b79a-13dda7d6b675},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {Coastal southeast South America is one of the classic locations where there are robust, spatially extensive records of past high sea level. Sea-level proxies interpreted as last interglacial (Marine Isotope Stage 5e, MIS 5e) exist along the length of the Uruguayan and Argentinian coast with exceptional preservation especially in Patagonia. Many coastal deposits are correlated to MIS 5e solely because they form the next-highest terrace level above the Holocene highstand; however, dating control exists for some landforms from amino acid racemization, Th (on molluscs), electron spin resonance (ESR), optically stimulated luminescence (OSL), infrared stimulated luminescence (IRSL), and radiocarbon dating (which provides minimum ages). As part of the World Atlas of Last Interglacial Shorelines (WALIS) database, we have compiled a total of 60 MIS 5 proxies attributed, with various degrees of precision, to MIS 5e. Of these, 48 are sea-level indicators, 11 are marine-limiting indicators (sea level above the elevation of the indicator), and 1 is terrestrial limiting (sea level below the elevation of the indicator). Limitations on the precision and accuracy of chronological controls and elevation measurements mean that most of these indicators are considered to be low quality.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Gowan, Evan J. and Rovere, Alessio and Ryan, Deirdre D. and Richiano, Sebastian and Montes, Alejandro and Pappalardo, Marta and Aguirre, Marina L.},
 doi = {10.5194/essd-13-171-2021},
 journal = {Earth System Science Data},
 number = {1}
}

Coastal southeast South America is one of the classic locations where there are robust, spatially extensive records of past high sea level. Sea-level proxies interpreted as last interglacial (Marine Isotope Stage 5e, MIS 5e) exist along the length of the Uruguayan and Argentinian coast with exceptional preservation especially in Patagonia. Many coastal deposits are correlated to MIS 5e solely because they form the next-highest terrace level above the Holocene highstand; however, dating control exists for some landforms from amino acid racemization, Th (on molluscs), electron spin resonance (ESR), optically stimulated luminescence (OSL), infrared stimulated luminescence (IRSL), and radiocarbon dating (which provides minimum ages). As part of the World Atlas of Last Interglacial Shorelines (WALIS) database, we have compiled a total of 60 MIS 5 proxies attributed, with various degrees of precision, to MIS 5e. Of these, 48 are sea-level indicators, 11 are marine-limiting indicators (sea level above the elevation of the indicator), and 1 is terrestrial limiting (sea level below the elevation of the indicator). Limitations on the precision and accuracy of chronological controls and elevation measurements mean that most of these indicators are considered to be low quality.

@article{
 title = {A new global ice sheet reconstruction for the past 80 000 years},
 type = {article},
 year = {2021},
 pages = {1-9},
 volume = {12},
 websites = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-21469-w},
 publisher = {Springer US},
 id = {5b01e533-4f94-3204-87e0-6929b6584ccf},
 created = {2021-02-23T11:13:48.161Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {58d47d98-a4f4-3ac1-a79d-2d252a797376},
 last_modified = {2021-09-06T15:57:45.976Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {true},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 citation_key = {Gowan2021},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {The evolution of past global ice sheets is highly uncertain. One example is the missing ice problem during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM, 26 000-19 000 years before present) – an apparent 8-28 m discrepancy between far-field sea level indicators and modelled sea level from ice sheet reconstructions. In the absence of ice sheet reconstructions, researchers often use marine δ18O proxy records to infer ice volume prior to the LGM. We present a global ice sheet reconstruction for the past 80 000 years, called PaleoMIST 1.0, constructed independently of far-field sea level and δ18O proxy records. Our reconstruction is compatible with LGM far-field sea-level records without requiring extra ice volume, thus solving the missing ice problem. However, for Marine Isotope Stage 3 (57 000-29 000 years before present) - a pre-LGM period - our reconstruction does not match proxy-based sea level reconstructions, indicating the relationship between marine δ18O and sea level may be more complex than assumed.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Gowan, Evan J and Zhang, Xu and Khosravi, Sara and Rovere, Alessio and Stocchi, Paolo and Hughes, Anna L.C. and Gyllencreutz, Richard and Mangerud, Jan and Svendsen, John Inge and Lohmann, Gerrit},
 doi = {10.1038/s41467-021-21469-w},
 journal = {Nature Communications},
 number = {1}
}

The evolution of past global ice sheets is highly uncertain. One example is the missing ice problem during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM, 26 000-19 000 years before present) – an apparent 8-28 m discrepancy between far-field sea level indicators and modelled sea level from ice sheet reconstructions. In the absence of ice sheet reconstructions, researchers often use marine δ18O proxy records to infer ice volume prior to the LGM. We present a global ice sheet reconstruction for the past 80 000 years, called PaleoMIST 1.0, constructed independently of far-field sea level and δ18O proxy records. Our reconstruction is compatible with LGM far-field sea-level records without requiring extra ice volume, thus solving the missing ice problem. However, for Marine Isotope Stage 3 (57 000-29 000 years before present) - a pre-LGM period - our reconstruction does not match proxy-based sea level reconstructions, indicating the relationship between marine δ18O and sea level may be more complex than assumed.

@article{
 title = {Juvenile corals underpin coral reef carbonate production after disturbance},
 type = {article},
 year = {2021},
 keywords = {CaCO3 production,calcification rates,coral assemblages,coral juveniles,linear extension,reef productivity,time series},
 pages = {2623-2632},
 volume = {27},
 id = {994622d3-a96a-3155-8367-42f72b32448b},
 created = {2021-04-03T11:52:49.672Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {58d47d98-a4f4-3ac1-a79d-2d252a797376},
 last_modified = {2021-09-06T15:57:46.016Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {true},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 citation_key = {Carlot2021},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {Sea-level rise is predicted to cause major damage to tropical coastlines. While coral reefs can act as natural barriers for ocean waves, their protection hinges on the ability of scleractinian corals to produce enough calcium carbonate (CaCO3) to keep up with rising sea levels. As a consequence of intensifying disturbances, coral communities are changing rapidly, potentially reducing community-level CaCO3 production. By combining colony-level physiology and long-term monitoring data, we show that reefs recovering from major disturbances can produce 40% more CaCO3 than currently estimated due to the disproportionate contribution of juvenile corals. However, the buffering effect of highly productive juvenile corals is compromised by recruitment failures, which have been more frequently observed after large-scale, repeated bleaching events. While the size structure of corals can bolster a critical ecological function on reefs, climate change impacts on recruitment may undermine this buffering effect, thus further compromising the persistence of reefs and their provision of important ecosystem services.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Carlot, Jérémy and Kayal, Mohsen and Lenihan, Hunter S. and Brandl, Simon J. and Casey, Jordan M. and Adjeroud, Mehdi and Cardini, Ulisse and Merciere, Alexandre and Espiau, Benoit and Barneche, Diego R. and Rovere, Alessio and Hédouin, Laetitia and Parravicini, Valeriano},
 doi = {10.1111/gcb.15610},
 journal = {Global Change Biology},
 number = {11}
}

Sea-level rise is predicted to cause major damage to tropical coastlines. While coral reefs can act as natural barriers for ocean waves, their protection hinges on the ability of scleractinian corals to produce enough calcium carbonate (CaCO3) to keep up with rising sea levels. As a consequence of intensifying disturbances, coral communities are changing rapidly, potentially reducing community-level CaCO3 production. By combining colony-level physiology and long-term monitoring data, we show that reefs recovering from major disturbances can produce 40% more CaCO3 than currently estimated due to the disproportionate contribution of juvenile corals. However, the buffering effect of highly productive juvenile corals is compromised by recruitment failures, which have been more frequently observed after large-scale, repeated bleaching events. While the size structure of corals can bolster a critical ecological function on reefs, climate change impacts on recruitment may undermine this buffering effect, thus further compromising the persistence of reefs and their provision of important ecosystem services.

@article{
 title = {Last interglacial sea-level proxies in East Africa and the Western Indian Ocean},
 type = {article},
 year = {2021},
 pages = {1633-1651},
 volume = {13},
 websites = {https://essd.copernicus.org/articles/13/1633/2021/},
 id = {02e305db-0cbf-315f-9e9d-3989a4364098},
 created = {2021-04-21T20:33:30.375Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {58d47d98-a4f4-3ac1-a79d-2d252a797376},
 last_modified = {2021-09-06T15:57:45.996Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {true},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 citation_key = {essd-13-1633-2021},
 source_type = {article},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {In this paper, we describe a sea-level database compiled using published last interglacial, Marine Isotopic Stage 5 (MIS 5), geological sea-level proxies within East Africa and the Western Indian Ocean (EAWIO). Encompassing vast tropical coastlines and coralline islands, this region has many occurrences of well-preserved last interglacial stratigraphies. Most notably, islands almost entirely composed of Pleistocene reefs (such as Aldabra, the Seychelles) have provided reliable paleo relative sea-level indicators and well-preserved samples for U-series chronology. Other sea-level proxies include uplifted marine terraces in the north of Somalia and Pleistocene eolian deposits notched by the MIS 5 sea level in Mozambique to tidal notches in luminescencelimited eolian deposits in Mozambique. Our database has been compiled using the World Atlas of Last Interglacial Shorelines (WALIS) interface and contains 58 sea-level indicators and 2 terrestrial-limiting data points. The open-access database is available at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4302244 (Version 1.03; Boyden et al., 2020).},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Boyden, Patrick and Weil-Accardo, Jennifer and Deschamps, Pierre and Oppo, Davide and Rovere, Alessio},
 doi = {10.5194/essd-13-1633-2021},
 journal = {Earth System Science Data},
 number = {4}
}

In this paper, we describe a sea-level database compiled using published last interglacial, Marine Isotopic Stage 5 (MIS 5), geological sea-level proxies within East Africa and the Western Indian Ocean (EAWIO). Encompassing vast tropical coastlines and coralline islands, this region has many occurrences of well-preserved last interglacial stratigraphies. Most notably, islands almost entirely composed of Pleistocene reefs (such as Aldabra, the Seychelles) have provided reliable paleo relative sea-level indicators and well-preserved samples for U-series chronology. Other sea-level proxies include uplifted marine terraces in the north of Somalia and Pleistocene eolian deposits notched by the MIS 5 sea level in Mozambique to tidal notches in luminescencelimited eolian deposits in Mozambique. Our database has been compiled using the World Atlas of Last Interglacial Shorelines (WALIS) interface and contains 58 sea-level indicators and 2 terrestrial-limiting data points. The open-access database is available at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4302244 (Version 1.03; Boyden et al., 2020).

@article{
 title = {Structure-from-Motion on shallow reefs and beaches: potential and limitations of consumer-grade drones to reconstruct topography and bathymetry},
 type = {article},
 year = {2021},
 keywords = {Bathymetry from drones,Bathymetry from photogrammetry,Coral reefs,Drone mapping,Structure from motion underwater},
 pages = {835-851},
 volume = {40},
 websites = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s00338-021-02088-9},
 publisher = {Springer Berlin Heidelberg},
 id = {5b1f307e-f849-3eaf-81df-7a807af288f1},
 created = {2021-05-05T09:19:32.807Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {58d47d98-a4f4-3ac1-a79d-2d252a797376},
 last_modified = {2021-09-06T15:57:46.149Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {true},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 citation_key = {David2021},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {Reconstructing the topography of shallow underwater environments using Structure-from-Motion—Multi View Stereo (SfM-MVS) techniques applied to aerial imagery from Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) is challenging, as it involves nonlinear distortions caused by water refraction. This study presents an experiment with aerial photographs collected with a consumer-grade UAV on the shallow-water reef of Fuvahmulah, the Maldives. Under conditions of rising tide, we surveyed the same portion of the reef in ten successive flights. For each flight, we used SfM-MVS to reconstruct the Digital Elevation Model (DEM) of the reef and used the flight at low tide (where the reef is almost entirely dry) to compare the performance of DEM reconstruction under increasing water levels. Our results show that differences with the reference DEM increase with increasing depth, but are substantially larger if no underwater ground control points are taken into account in the processing. Correcting our imagery with algorithms that account for refraction did not improve the overall accuracy of reconstruction. We conclude that reconstructing shallow-water reefs (less than 1 m depth) with consumer-grade UAVs and SfM-MVS is possible, but its precision is limited and strongly correlated with water depth. In our case, the best results are achieved when ground control points were placed underwater and no refraction correction is used.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {David, C Gabriel and Kohl, Nina and Casella, Elisa and Rovere, Alessio and Ballesteros, Pablo and Schlurmann, Torsten},
 doi = {10.1007/s00338-021-02088-9},
 journal = {Coral Reefs},
 number = {3}
}

Reconstructing the topography of shallow underwater environments using Structure-from-Motion—Multi View Stereo (SfM-MVS) techniques applied to aerial imagery from Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) is challenging, as it involves nonlinear distortions caused by water refraction. This study presents an experiment with aerial photographs collected with a consumer-grade UAV on the shallow-water reef of Fuvahmulah, the Maldives. Under conditions of rising tide, we surveyed the same portion of the reef in ten successive flights. For each flight, we used SfM-MVS to reconstruct the Digital Elevation Model (DEM) of the reef and used the flight at low tide (where the reef is almost entirely dry) to compare the performance of DEM reconstruction under increasing water levels. Our results show that differences with the reference DEM increase with increasing depth, but are substantially larger if no underwater ground control points are taken into account in the processing. Correcting our imagery with algorithms that account for refraction did not improve the overall accuracy of reconstruction. We conclude that reconstructing shallow-water reefs (less than 1 m depth) with consumer-grade UAVs and SfM-MVS is possible, but its precision is limited and strongly correlated with water depth. In our case, the best results are achieved when ground control points were placed underwater and no refraction correction is used.

@misc{
 title = {The 'wickedness' of governing land subsidence: Policy perspectives from urban southeast Asia},
 type = {misc},
 year = {2021},
 source = {PLoS ONE},
 pages = {1-25},
 volume = {16},
 issue = {6 June},
 id = {a96c21ae-6dd9-3ea0-b493-2d83b2791707},
 created = {2021-06-10T17:38:53.939Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {58d47d98-a4f4-3ac1-a79d-2d252a797376},
 last_modified = {2021-09-06T15:57:46.018Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {true},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 citation_key = {Zoysa2021},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {Drawing on Jakarta, Metro Manila and Singapore as case studies, we explore the paradox of slow political action in addressing subsiding land, particularly along high-density urban coastlines with empirical insights from coastal geography, geodesy analysis, geology, and urban planning. In framing land subsidence as a classic 'wicked' policy problem, and also as a hybrid geological and anthropogenic phenomenon that is unevenly experienced across urban contexts, the paper uses a three-step analysis. First, satellite-derived InSAR maps are integrated with Sentinel-1A data in order to reveal the socio-temporal variability of subsidence rates which in turn pose challenges in uniformly applying regulatory action. Second, a multi-sectoral mapping of diverse policies and practices spanning urban water supply, groundwater extraction, land use zoning, building codes, tenurial security, and land reclamation reveal the extent to which the broader coastal governance landscape remains fragmented and incongruous, particularly in arresting a multi-dimensional phenomenon such as subsidence. Finally, in reference to distinct coastal identities of each city-the 'Sinking Capital' (Jakarta), 'Fortress Singapore', and the 'Disaster Capital' (Manila) the paper illustrates how land subsidence is portrayed across the three metropolises in markedly similar ways: As a reversible, quasi-natural, and/or a highly individualized problem.},
 bibtype = {misc},
 author = {Zoysa, Rapti Siriwardane De and Schöne, Tilo and Herbeck, Johannes and Illigner, Julia and Haghighi, Mahmud and Simarmata, Hendricus and Porio, Emma and Rovere, Alessio and Hornidge, Anna Katharina},
 doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0250208}
}

Drawing on Jakarta, Metro Manila and Singapore as case studies, we explore the paradox of slow political action in addressing subsiding land, particularly along high-density urban coastlines with empirical insights from coastal geography, geodesy analysis, geology, and urban planning. In framing land subsidence as a classic 'wicked' policy problem, and also as a hybrid geological and anthropogenic phenomenon that is unevenly experienced across urban contexts, the paper uses a three-step analysis. First, satellite-derived InSAR maps are integrated with Sentinel-1A data in order to reveal the socio-temporal variability of subsidence rates which in turn pose challenges in uniformly applying regulatory action. Second, a multi-sectoral mapping of diverse policies and practices spanning urban water supply, groundwater extraction, land use zoning, building codes, tenurial security, and land reclamation reveal the extent to which the broader coastal governance landscape remains fragmented and incongruous, particularly in arresting a multi-dimensional phenomenon such as subsidence. Finally, in reference to distinct coastal identities of each city-the 'Sinking Capital' (Jakarta), 'Fortress Singapore', and the 'Disaster Capital' (Manila) the paper illustrates how land subsidence is portrayed across the three metropolises in markedly similar ways: As a reversible, quasi-natural, and/or a highly individualized problem.

@article{
 title = {Climate pacing of millennial sea-level change variability in the central and western Mediterranean},
 type = {article},
 year = {2021},
 pages = {1-9},
 volume = {12},
 websites = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-24250-1},
 publisher = {Springer US},
 id = {225dcaab-29f7-3f5f-b056-354425a896af},
 created = {2021-06-29T15:10:05.093Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {58d47d98-a4f4-3ac1-a79d-2d252a797376},
 last_modified = {2021-09-06T15:57:46.126Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {true},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 citation_key = {Vacchi2021},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {Future warming in the Mediterranean is expected to significantly exceed global values with unpredictable implications on the sea-level rise rates in the coming decades. Here, we apply an empirical-Bayesian spatio-temporal statistical model to a dataset of 401 sea-level index points from the central and western Mediterranean and reconstruct rates of sea-level change for the past 10,000 years. We demonstrate that the mean rates of Mediterranean industrial-era sea-level rise have been significantly faster than any other period since ~4000 years ago. We further highlight a previously unrecognized variability in Mediterranean sea-level change rates. In the Common Era, this variability correlates with the occurrence of major regional-scale cooling/warming episodes. Our data show a sea-level stabilization during the Late Antique Little Ice Age cold event, which interrupted a general rising trend of ~0.45 mm a−1 that characterized the warming episodes of the Common Era. By contrast, the Little Ice Age cold event had only minor regional effects on Mediterranean sea-level change rates.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Vacchi, Matteo and Joyse, Kristen M and Kopp, Robert E and Marriner, Nick and Kaniewski, David and Rovere, Alessio},
 doi = {10.1038/s41467-021-24250-1},
 journal = {Nature Communications},
 number = {1}
}

Future warming in the Mediterranean is expected to significantly exceed global values with unpredictable implications on the sea-level rise rates in the coming decades. Here, we apply an empirical-Bayesian spatio-temporal statistical model to a dataset of 401 sea-level index points from the central and western Mediterranean and reconstruct rates of sea-level change for the past 10,000 years. We demonstrate that the mean rates of Mediterranean industrial-era sea-level rise have been significantly faster than any other period since ~4000 years ago. We further highlight a previously unrecognized variability in Mediterranean sea-level change rates. In the Common Era, this variability correlates with the occurrence of major regional-scale cooling/warming episodes. Our data show a sea-level stabilization during the Late Antique Little Ice Age cold event, which interrupted a general rising trend of ~0.45 mm a−1 that characterized the warming episodes of the Common Era. By contrast, the Little Ice Age cold event had only minor regional effects on Mediterranean sea-level change rates.

@article{
 title = {Sea-level trends across the Bahamas constrain peak last interglacial ice melt},
 type = {article},
 year = {2021},
 keywords = {Glacial isostatic adjustment,Last interglacial sea level,The Bahamas},
 pages = {1-11},
 volume = {118},
 id = {375e166f-7a5d-3816-88be-93c74aaa6cdf},
 created = {2021-08-10T14:58:06.544Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {58d47d98-a4f4-3ac1-a79d-2d252a797376},
 last_modified = {2021-09-05T16:34:12.234Z},
 read = {true},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {true},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 citation_key = {Dyer2021},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {During the last interglacial (LIG) period, global mean sea level (GMSL) was higher than at present, likely driven by greater high-latitude insolation. Past sea-level estimates require elevation measurements and age determination of marine sediments that formed at or near sea level, and those elevations must be corrected for glacial isostatic adjustment (GIA). However, this GIA correction is subject to uncertainties in the GIA model inputs, namely, Earth’s rheology and past ice history, which reduces precision and accuracy in estimates of past GMSL. To better constrain the GIA process, we compare our data and existing LIG sea-level data across the Bahamian archipelago with a suite of 576 GIA model predictions. We calculated weights for each GIA model based on how well the model fits spatial trends in the regional sea-level data and then used the weighted GIA corrections to revise estimates of GMSL during the LIG. During the LIG, we find a 95% probability that global sea level peaked at least 1.2 m higher than today, and it is very unlikely (5% probability) to have exceeded 5.3 m. Estimates increase by up to 30% (decrease by up to 20%) for portions of melt that originate from the Greenland ice sheet (West Antarctic ice sheet). Altogether, this work suggests that LIG GMSL may be lower than previously assumed.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Dyer, Blake and Austermann, Jacqueline and D’Andrea, William J. and Creel, Roger C and Sandstrom, Michael R and Cashman, Miranda and Rovere, Alessio and Raymo, Maureen E},
 doi = {10.1073/pnas.2026839118},
 journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America},
 number = {33}
}

During the last interglacial (LIG) period, global mean sea level (GMSL) was higher than at present, likely driven by greater high-latitude insolation. Past sea-level estimates require elevation measurements and age determination of marine sediments that formed at or near sea level, and those elevations must be corrected for glacial isostatic adjustment (GIA). However, this GIA correction is subject to uncertainties in the GIA model inputs, namely, Earth’s rheology and past ice history, which reduces precision and accuracy in estimates of past GMSL. To better constrain the GIA process, we compare our data and existing LIG sea-level data across the Bahamian archipelago with a suite of 576 GIA model predictions. We calculated weights for each GIA model based on how well the model fits spatial trends in the regional sea-level data and then used the weighted GIA corrections to revise estimates of GMSL during the LIG. During the LIG, we find a 95% probability that global sea level peaked at least 1.2 m higher than today, and it is very unlikely (5% probability) to have exceeded 5.3 m. Estimates increase by up to 30% (decrease by up to 20%) for portions of melt that originate from the Greenland ice sheet (West Antarctic ice sheet). Altogether, this work suggests that LIG GMSL may be lower than previously assumed.

@article{
 title = {Coastal submersions in the north-eastern Adriatic during the last 5200 years},
 type = {article},
 year = {2021},
 keywords = {Adriatic,Coastal submersions,Coasts,Croatia,Holocene,Mediterranean,Paleoclimate,Relative Sea-level rise,Saltwater intrusions},
 pages = {1-11},
 volume = {204},
 id = {79de582b-e0bf-313c-831d-714bb060cd99},
 created = {2021-09-03T12:54:26.958Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {58d47d98-a4f4-3ac1-a79d-2d252a797376},
 last_modified = {2021-09-06T15:57:46.171Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {true},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 citation_key = {Kaniewski2021},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {In the context of industrial-era global change, Mediterranean coastal areas are threatened by relative sea level (RSL) rise. Shifts in the drivers of coastal dynamics are forecasted to trigger changes in the frequency of flooding of low-lying areas, with significant effects on marine-coastal environments, societies, economy and urban systems. Here, we probe coastal floods in the eastern part of the Gulf of Venice (coastal Croatia) to understand the drivers of saltwater intrusions. We reconstructed RSL rise in the north-eastern Adriatic during the Holocene based on 43 RSL index points and analyzed the evolution of coastal submersions on the Istrian Peninsula for the last 5200 years based on inputs of marine components and increases in supratidal scrubs. We produced pollen-based climate reconstructions to analyze the potential effects of air temperature and precipitation changes on submersions. We investigated the response of precipitation and temperature to mid-late Holocene summer/winter insolation forcing and insolation-induced changes in sea surface temperatures (SSTs). We found that during periods of warmer SST, coastal flooding increased markedly. This process seems to have been initiated by warmer atmospheric temperatures that led to increases in summer evaporation, counterbalancing the effects of heavy precipitation during winter. As a result, freshwater flows into coastal areas were reduced and resulted in recurrent inputs of saltwater inland. Our study suggests that present-day climate drivers (increases in SSTs and air temperatures, and decreases in precipitation) will probably favour frequent coastal flooding, a process that will be amplified by RSL rise.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Kaniewski, David and Marriner, Nick and Cheddadi, Rachid and Morhange, Christophe and Vacchi, Matteo and Rovere, Alessio and Faivre, Sanja and Otto, Thierry and Luce, Frédéric and Carre, Marie Brigitte and Benčić, Gaetano and Van Campo, Elise},
 doi = {10.1016/j.gloplacha.2021.103570},
 journal = {Global and Planetary Change},
 number = {July}
}

In the context of industrial-era global change, Mediterranean coastal areas are threatened by relative sea level (RSL) rise. Shifts in the drivers of coastal dynamics are forecasted to trigger changes in the frequency of flooding of low-lying areas, with significant effects on marine-coastal environments, societies, economy and urban systems. Here, we probe coastal floods in the eastern part of the Gulf of Venice (coastal Croatia) to understand the drivers of saltwater intrusions. We reconstructed RSL rise in the north-eastern Adriatic during the Holocene based on 43 RSL index points and analyzed the evolution of coastal submersions on the Istrian Peninsula for the last 5200 years based on inputs of marine components and increases in supratidal scrubs. We produced pollen-based climate reconstructions to analyze the potential effects of air temperature and precipitation changes on submersions. We investigated the response of precipitation and temperature to mid-late Holocene summer/winter insolation forcing and insolation-induced changes in sea surface temperatures (SSTs). We found that during periods of warmer SST, coastal flooding increased markedly. This process seems to have been initiated by warmer atmospheric temperatures that led to increases in summer evaporation, counterbalancing the effects of heavy precipitation during winter. As a result, freshwater flows into coastal areas were reduced and resulted in recurrent inputs of saltwater inland. Our study suggests that present-day climate drivers (increases in SSTs and air temperatures, and decreases in precipitation) will probably favour frequent coastal flooding, a process that will be amplified by RSL rise.

@article{
 title = {PALEO-SEAL: A tool for the visualization and sharing of Holocene sea-level data},
 type = {article},
 year = {2021},
 keywords = {Sea-level databases,Visualization,Web interface},
 pages = {106884},
 volume = {259},
 websites = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0277379121000913},
 id = {b752aa56-0b8d-3d45-8eb8-ae97eccab4e8},
 created = {2021-09-06T15:57:45.258Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {58d47d98-a4f4-3ac1-a79d-2d252a797376},
 last_modified = {2021-09-26T11:41:34.736Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {true},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 citation_key = {DRECHSEL2021106884},
 source_type = {article},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {We present PALEO-SEAL, a simple web interface that allows visualizing, querying and downloading Holocene sea-level datapoints formatted following the HOLSEA data template. The data is hosted on a mySQL database, and the interface uses AngularJS. PALEO-SEAL is scalable to large datasets and can be deployed in few easy steps, that require only basic knowledge of SQL and HTML. The tool is released in the open domain.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Drechsel, Jan and Khan, Nicole S and Rovere, Alessio},
 doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2021.106884},
 journal = {Quaternary Science Reviews}
}

We present PALEO-SEAL, a simple web interface that allows visualizing, querying and downloading Holocene sea-level datapoints formatted following the HOLSEA data template. The data is hosted on a mySQL database, and the interface uses AngularJS. PALEO-SEAL is scalable to large datasets and can be deployed in few easy steps, that require only basic knowledge of SQL and HTML. The tool is released in the open domain.

@article{
 title = {A standardized database of Last Interglacial (MIS 5e) sea-level indicators in Southeast Asia},
 type = {article},
 year = {2021},
 pages = {4313-4329},
 volume = {13},
 websites = {https://essd.copernicus.org/articles/13/4313/2021/},
 id = {2cb5b881-785c-37ca-9d14-dbef89f9cfdd},
 created = {2021-09-06T15:57:45.372Z},
 file_attached = {false},
 profile_id = {58d47d98-a4f4-3ac1-a79d-2d252a797376},
 last_modified = {2021-09-09T15:15:15.036Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {true},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 citation_key = {essd-13-4313-2021},
 source_type = {article},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {Abstract. Marine Isotope Stage 5e (MIS 5e; the Last Interglacial, 125 ka) represents a process analog for a warmer world. Analysis of sea-level proxies formed in this period helps in constraining both regional and global drivers of sea-level change. In Southeast Asia, several studies have reported elevation and age information on MIS 5e sea-level proxies, such as fossil coral reef terraces or tidal notches, but a standardized database of such data was hitherto missing. In this paper, we produced such a sea-level database using the framework of the World Atlas of Last Interglacial Shorelines (WALIS; https://warmcoasts.eu/world-atlas.html). Overall, we screened and reviewed 14 studies on Last Interglacial sea-level indicators in Southeast Asia, from which we report 43 proxies (42 coral reef terraces and 1 tidal notch) that were correlated to 134 dated samples. Five data points date to MIS 5a (80 ka), six data points are MIS 5c (100 ka), and the rest are dated to MIS 5e. The database compiled in this study is available at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5040784 (Maxwell et al., 2021).},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Maxwell, Kathrine and Westphal, Hildegard and Rovere, Alessio},
 doi = {10.5194/essd-13-4313-2021},
 journal = {Earth System Science Data},
 number = {9}
}

Abstract. Marine Isotope Stage 5e (MIS 5e; the Last Interglacial, 125 ka) represents a process analog for a warmer world. Analysis of sea-level proxies formed in this period helps in constraining both regional and global drivers of sea-level change. In Southeast Asia, several studies have reported elevation and age information on MIS 5e sea-level proxies, such as fossil coral reef terraces or tidal notches, but a standardized database of such data was hitherto missing. In this paper, we produced such a sea-level database using the framework of the World Atlas of Last Interglacial Shorelines (WALIS; https://warmcoasts.eu/world-atlas.html). Overall, we screened and reviewed 14 studies on Last Interglacial sea-level indicators in Southeast Asia, from which we report 43 proxies (42 coral reef terraces and 1 tidal notch) that were correlated to 134 dated samples. Five data points date to MIS 5a (80 ka), six data points are MIS 5c (100 ka), and the rest are dated to MIS 5e. The database compiled in this study is available at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5040784 (Maxwell et al., 2021).

@article{
 title = {Hurricane Matthew in 2100: effects of extreme sea level rise scenarios on a highly valued coastal area (Palm Beach, FL, USA)},
 type = {article},
 year = {2021},
 pages = {43},
 volume = {41},
 websites = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s00367-021-00715-6},
 id = {b561215f-7e6a-34b7-93c3-71fe6b0fe66b},
 created = {2021-09-09T15:15:14.836Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {58d47d98-a4f4-3ac1-a79d-2d252a797376},
 last_modified = {2021-09-09T15:15:25.405Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {true},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 citation_key = {Boyden2021},
 source_type = {JOUR},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {Sea-level rise represents a severe hazard for populations living within low-elevation coastal zones and is already largely affecting coastal communities worldwide. As sea level continues to rise following unabated greenhouse gas emissions, the exposure of coastal communities to inundation and erosion will increase exponentially. These impacts will be further magnified under extreme storm conditions. In this paper, we focus on one of the most valuable coastal real estate markets globally (Palm Beach, FL). We use XBeach, an open-source hydro and morphodynamic model, to assess the impact of a major tropical cyclone (Hurricane Matthew, 2016) under three different sea-level scenarios. The first scenario (modern sea level) serves as a baseline against which other model runs are evaluated. The other two runs use different 2100 sea-level projections, localized to the study site: (i) IPCC RCP 8.5 (0.83 m by 2100) and (ii) same as (i), but including enhanced Antarctic ice loss (1.62 m by 2100). Our results show that the effective doubling of future sea level under heightened Antarctic ice loss amplifies flow velocity and wave height, leading to a 46% increase in eroded beach volume and the overtopping of coastal protection structures. This further exacerbates the vulnerability of coastal properties on the island, leading to significant increases in parcel inundation.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Boyden, Patrick and Casella, Elisa and Daly, Christopher and Rovere, Alessio},
 doi = {10.1007/s00367-021-00715-6},
 journal = {Geo-Marine Letters},
 number = {4}
}

Sea-level rise represents a severe hazard for populations living within low-elevation coastal zones and is already largely affecting coastal communities worldwide. As sea level continues to rise following unabated greenhouse gas emissions, the exposure of coastal communities to inundation and erosion will increase exponentially. These impacts will be further magnified under extreme storm conditions. In this paper, we focus on one of the most valuable coastal real estate markets globally (Palm Beach, FL). We use XBeach, an open-source hydro and morphodynamic model, to assess the impact of a major tropical cyclone (Hurricane Matthew, 2016) under three different sea-level scenarios. The first scenario (modern sea level) serves as a baseline against which other model runs are evaluated. The other two runs use different 2100 sea-level projections, localized to the study site: (i) IPCC RCP 8.5 (0.83 m by 2100) and (ii) same as (i), but including enhanced Antarctic ice loss (1.62 m by 2100). Our results show that the effective doubling of future sea level under heightened Antarctic ice loss amplifies flow velocity and wave height, leading to a 46% increase in eroded beach volume and the overtopping of coastal protection structures. This further exacerbates the vulnerability of coastal properties on the island, leading to significant increases in parcel inundation.

@article{
 title = {Last Interglacial sea-level proxies in the western Mediterranean},
 type = {article},
 year = {2021},
 pages = {4485-4527},
 volume = {13},
 websites = {https://essd.copernicus.org/articles/13/4485/2021/},
 id = {09262afc-6087-3c9c-8d99-c45767635ee5},
 created = {2021-09-26T11:41:29.907Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {58d47d98-a4f4-3ac1-a79d-2d252a797376},
 last_modified = {2021-09-26T11:42:52.519Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {true},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 citation_key = {essd-13-4485-2021},
 source_type = {article},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {We describe a database of Last Interglacial (Marine Isotopic Stage 5) sea-level proxies for the western Mediterranean region. The database was compiled reviewing the information reported in 199 published studies and contains 396 sea-level data points (sea-level index points and marine- or terrestrial-limiting points) and 401 associated dated samples. The database follows the standardized WALIS template and is available as Cerrone et al. (2021b, https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5341661).},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Cerrone, C and Vacchi, M and Fontana, A and Rovere, A},
 doi = {10.5194/essd-13-4485-2021},
 journal = {Earth System Science Data},
 number = {9}
}

We describe a database of Last Interglacial (Marine Isotopic Stage 5) sea-level proxies for the western Mediterranean region. The database was compiled reviewing the information reported in 199 published studies and contains 396 sea-level data points (sea-level index points and marine- or terrestrial-limiting points) and 401 associated dated samples. The database follows the standardized WALIS template and is available as Cerrone et al. (2021b, https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5341661).

@article{
 title = {Insights on the origin of multiple tsunami events affected the archaeological site of Ognina (south-eastern Sicily, Italy)},
 type = {article},
 year = {2021},
 keywords = {Coastal flooding,Earthquake,Faults,Sea-level,Tsunami,Tsunamigenic sources},
 websites = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1040618221004845},
 id = {70af7616-19da-398b-82d7-78031a50dc57},
 created = {2021-10-01T12:48:45.785Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {58d47d98-a4f4-3ac1-a79d-2d252a797376},
 last_modified = {2021-10-01T12:50:13.534Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {true},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 citation_key = {SCARDINO2021},
 source_type = {article},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {South-eastern Sicily is one of the most seismically active areas of the Mediterranean Sea, marked by a high level of crustal seismicity, causing major earthquakes (up to Mw ∼7). As a consequence, this area is prone to earthquake-generated tsunamis, which affected the Ionian coast of Sicily in historical times. These tsunamis left geomorphic and sedimentary imprints, such as large boulders or high-energy deposits, along the coasts. One of these was reported by previous works along the coast of Ognina, a small residential area located 20 km south of Siracusa. The deposits fill the back edge of a ria incised into Miocene limestones, are composed of three main stratigraphic units and were attributed to several tsunami and storm events that occurred along the coasts of south-eastern Sicily since the IV century Common Era (CE). Here, we use numerical models to simulate the impact of these extreme marine events, at the time of their occurrence, along the Ognina coastal sector, with the aim to: i) better define the tsunamigenic sources responsible for the events found in the deposits, ii) verify if some units could be related to a storm event, iii) investigate constrains on the paleogeography of the studied area at the time of tsunami and storm occurrence. We reconstructed the morphology of ancient local landscapes using geological and historical information, together with a detailed topographic and geoelectrical survey. We implemented a modelling chain (composed of Delft Dashboard, Delft 3d-FLOW and XBeach) to simulate the tsunami and storm wave propagation upon the ancient landscapes. Our results demonstrate that the use of advanced modeling tools, combined with in situ geological evidence and geophysical survey, has the potential to support the attribution of coastal geomorphic imprints to specific tsunami or storm events, the better definition of the paleo-landscapes, and the identification of the most likely tsunamigenic sources. This last aspect plays a fundamental role in providing more reliable characteristics of the tsunami propagation as well as in the assessing of potential tsunami hazard and related coastal impacts.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Scardino, Giovanni and Rizzo, Angela and De Santis, Vincenzo and Kyriakoudi, Despo and Rovere, Alessio and Vacchi, Matteo and Torrisi, Salvatore and Scicchitano, Giovanni},
 doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quaint.2021.09.013},
 journal = {Quaternary International}
}

South-eastern Sicily is one of the most seismically active areas of the Mediterranean Sea, marked by a high level of crustal seismicity, causing major earthquakes (up to Mw ∼7). As a consequence, this area is prone to earthquake-generated tsunamis, which affected the Ionian coast of Sicily in historical times. These tsunamis left geomorphic and sedimentary imprints, such as large boulders or high-energy deposits, along the coasts. One of these was reported by previous works along the coast of Ognina, a small residential area located 20 km south of Siracusa. The deposits fill the back edge of a ria incised into Miocene limestones, are composed of three main stratigraphic units and were attributed to several tsunami and storm events that occurred along the coasts of south-eastern Sicily since the IV century Common Era (CE). Here, we use numerical models to simulate the impact of these extreme marine events, at the time of their occurrence, along the Ognina coastal sector, with the aim to: i) better define the tsunamigenic sources responsible for the events found in the deposits, ii) verify if some units could be related to a storm event, iii) investigate constrains on the paleogeography of the studied area at the time of tsunami and storm occurrence. We reconstructed the morphology of ancient local landscapes using geological and historical information, together with a detailed topographic and geoelectrical survey. We implemented a modelling chain (composed of Delft Dashboard, Delft 3d-FLOW and XBeach) to simulate the tsunami and storm wave propagation upon the ancient landscapes. Our results demonstrate that the use of advanced modeling tools, combined with in situ geological evidence and geophysical survey, has the potential to support the attribution of coastal geomorphic imprints to specific tsunami or storm events, the better definition of the paleo-landscapes, and the identification of the most likely tsunamigenic sources. This last aspect plays a fundamental role in providing more reliable characteristics of the tsunami propagation as well as in the assessing of potential tsunami hazard and related coastal impacts.

@article{
 title = {Community composition predicts photogrammetry-based structural complexity on coral reefs},
 type = {article},
 year = {2020},
 websites = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s00338-020-01916-8},
 id = {e5f58e0b-d9bd-30f0-a0f6-9105667580c1},
 created = {2020-03-12T12:41:17.888Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {58d47d98-a4f4-3ac1-a79d-2d252a797376},
 last_modified = {2020-05-18T10:36:38.361Z},
 read = {true},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {true},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 citation_key = {Carlot2020},
 source_type = {JOUR},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {The capacity of coral reefs to provide ecosystem services is directly related to their three-dimensional structural complexity. This parameter is also correlated with total fish biomass, reef resilience to external stresses and the dissipation of wave energy. However, information on structural complexity (i.e., reef rugosity) has not always been assessed in historical monitoring programs, and long-term trends are sometimes unavailable. In this study, we show that it is possible to predict and hindcast the three-dimensional complexity of coral reefs by combining photogrammetry, statistical modeling and historical benthic community data. We calibrated lasso generalized linear models and boosted regression trees to predict structural complexity from photogrammetry transects around Moorea (French Polynesia). Our models were able to predict structural complexity with high accuracy (cross-validated R2 ranges between 0.81 and 0.9). We then used our models to hindcast historical trends in 3D structural complexity using community composition data collected in Moorea from 2004 to 2017. The temporal analysis highlighted the severe impact of a crown-of-thorns (COTS) outbreak from 2006 to 2009 and Cyclone Oli in 2010. In conjunction, these two events reduce coral cover from ~ 50% to almost zero. While the collection of actual data is always to be preferred, our model captured these effects, confirming the capacity of this modeling technique to predict structural complexity on the basis of assemblage composition.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Carlot, J and Rovère, A and Casella, E and Harris, D and Grellet-Muñoz, C and Chancerelle, Y and Dormy, E and Hedouin, L and Parravicini, V},
 doi = {10.1007/s00338-020-01916-8},
 journal = {Coral Reefs}
}

The capacity of coral reefs to provide ecosystem services is directly related to their three-dimensional structural complexity. This parameter is also correlated with total fish biomass, reef resilience to external stresses and the dissipation of wave energy. However, information on structural complexity (i.e., reef rugosity) has not always been assessed in historical monitoring programs, and long-term trends are sometimes unavailable. In this study, we show that it is possible to predict and hindcast the three-dimensional complexity of coral reefs by combining photogrammetry, statistical modeling and historical benthic community data. We calibrated lasso generalized linear models and boosted regression trees to predict structural complexity from photogrammetry transects around Moorea (French Polynesia). Our models were able to predict structural complexity with high accuracy (cross-validated R2 ranges between 0.81 and 0.9). We then used our models to hindcast historical trends in 3D structural complexity using community composition data collected in Moorea from 2004 to 2017. The temporal analysis highlighted the severe impact of a crown-of-thorns (COTS) outbreak from 2006 to 2009 and Cyclone Oli in 2010. In conjunction, these two events reduce coral cover from ~ 50% to almost zero. While the collection of actual data is always to be preferred, our model captured these effects, confirming the capacity of this modeling technique to predict structural complexity on the basis of assemblage composition.

@article{
 title = {Hydrothermal areas, microbial mats and sea grass in Paleochori Bay, Milos, Greece},
 type = {article},
 year = {2020},
 keywords = {Milos,aerial imagery,bacterial mats,drone,hydrothermal system,shallow-water},
 pages = {348-356},
 volume = {16},
 id = {60068e6a-c7d0-33cd-abd1-d0ff404c1d1b},
 created = {2020-04-20T14:51:27.427Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {58d47d98-a4f4-3ac1-a79d-2d252a797376},
 last_modified = {2021-09-06T15:57:45.673Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {true},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 citation_key = {Bay2020},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {The study presents a 1:3300 scale map, encompassing an area of 1.05 km2, depicting the first detailed map of the shallow-water water hydrothermal system in Paleochori Bay, Milos, Greece. The seafloor was mapped using orthophotos acquired by a drone survey and processed using ArcGIS. The map shows the distribution of white microbial mats, former microbial mats, sea grass and ‘normal’ sand down to a depth of 15 m. Generation of a comprehensive map with native shapefiles and layer files, where any GPS coordinate in Paleochori Bay can be obtained, allows to target specific locations for data collection, rather than resorting to vague site descriptions, as has been the practice in the past. Sea floor temperature measurements carried out by Scuba divers in conjunction with GPS coordinates were mapped and interpolated to evaluate the temperature distribution in Paleochori Bay, which in turn supports the overall understanding of the hydrothermal system.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Khimasia, Anant and Rovere, Alessio and Pichler, Thomas},
 doi = {10.1080/17445647.2020.1748131},
 journal = {Journal of Maps},
 number = {2}
}

The study presents a 1:3300 scale map, encompassing an area of 1.05 km2, depicting the first detailed map of the shallow-water water hydrothermal system in Paleochori Bay, Milos, Greece. The seafloor was mapped using orthophotos acquired by a drone survey and processed using ArcGIS. The map shows the distribution of white microbial mats, former microbial mats, sea grass and ‘normal’ sand down to a depth of 15 m. Generation of a comprehensive map with native shapefiles and layer files, where any GPS coordinate in Paleochori Bay can be obtained, allows to target specific locations for data collection, rather than resorting to vague site descriptions, as has been the practice in the past. Sea floor temperature measurements carried out by Scuba divers in conjunction with GPS coordinates were mapped and interpolated to evaluate the temperature distribution in Paleochori Bay, which in turn supports the overall understanding of the hydrothermal system.

@article{
 title = {Accuracy of sand beach topography surveying by drones and photogrammetry},
 type = {article},
 year = {2020},
 pages = {255-268},
 volume = {40},
 id = {beb9ab2e-5960-3709-b0c6-2feba1106ffc},
 created = {2020-06-30T15:50:14.651Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {58d47d98-a4f4-3ac1-a79d-2d252a797376},
 last_modified = {2020-06-30T15:52:05.824Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {true},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 citation_key = {Casella2020},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {Beaches are characterized by high morphodynamic activity, and high-frequency measurements are needed to understand their states and rates of change. Ideally, beach survey methods should be at once accurate, rapid and low-cost. Recently, unmanned aerial systems (drones) have been increasingly utilized to measure beach topography. In this paper, we present a review of the state of art in drones and photogrammetry for beach surveys and the respective achieved measurement quality (where reported). We then show how drones with a minimal configuration and a low-cost setup can meet the high accuracy and rapidity required for beach surveys. To test a minimal drone and ground control point configuration, we used consumer-grade equipment to perform the same flight path with different cameras and at different altitudes. We then used photogrammetry to produce digital elevation models of the beach. Using a GNSS-RTK system, we collected 2950 independent control points to evaluate the accuracy of the digital elevation models. Results show that, once a few potential sources of uncertainties in the final digital elevation model are taken into account, the average RMSE(z) of the digital elevation models was ~5 cm, with a survey efficiency of ca. 3 m2 min−1. Digital elevation models taken at different times were used to calculate the before–after sediment budget following a storm that hit a sandy coast in Sylt Island at the German North Sea coast.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Casella, Elisa and Drechsel, Jan and Winter, Christian and Benninghoff, Markus and Rovere, Alessio},
 doi = {10.1007/s00367-020-00638-8},
 journal = {Geo-Marine Letters},
 number = {2}
}

Beaches are characterized by high morphodynamic activity, and high-frequency measurements are needed to understand their states and rates of change. Ideally, beach survey methods should be at once accurate, rapid and low-cost. Recently, unmanned aerial systems (drones) have been increasingly utilized to measure beach topography. In this paper, we present a review of the state of art in drones and photogrammetry for beach surveys and the respective achieved measurement quality (where reported). We then show how drones with a minimal configuration and a low-cost setup can meet the high accuracy and rapidity required for beach surveys. To test a minimal drone and ground control point configuration, we used consumer-grade equipment to perform the same flight path with different cameras and at different altitudes. We then used photogrammetry to produce digital elevation models of the beach. Using a GNSS-RTK system, we collected 2950 independent control points to evaluate the accuracy of the digital elevation models. Results show that, once a few potential sources of uncertainties in the final digital elevation model are taken into account, the average RMSE(z) of the digital elevation models was ~5 cm, with a survey efficiency of ca. 3 m2 min−1. Digital elevation models taken at different times were used to calculate the before–after sediment budget following a storm that hit a sandy coast in Sylt Island at the German North Sea coast.

@article{
 title = {Driving mechanisms of Holocene coastal evolution in the Bonifacio Strait (Western Mediterranean)},
 type = {article},
 year = {2020},
 pages = {106265},
 volume = {427},
 websites = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.margeo.2020.106265},
 publisher = {Elsevier},
 id = {d14dd8ad-dfeb-3f49-b866-6c523f6c8c15},
 created = {2020-06-30T15:50:14.671Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {58d47d98-a4f4-3ac1-a79d-2d252a797376},
 last_modified = {2021-09-06T15:57:45.822Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {true},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 citation_key = {Vacchi2020a},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {We produced a new suite of sea-level data which allowed assessing the Holocene evolution of the Bonifacio Strait, a key coastal sector of the Mediterranean Sea which experienced significant morphological changes since the Last Glacial Maximum. Squeezed between Corsica and Sardinia islands, this strait connects the two major basins of the western Mediterranean. Due to its peculiar geographic and morphological setting, the Bonifacio Strait is affected by extreme meteomarine conditions characterized by severe winds, waves, and currents. The millennial sea-level changes were reconstructed through multiproxy investigations made of sediment coring and underwater beachrock sampling carried out on both sides of the strait. These data provided fresh insights into the timing of the progressive opening of the Bonifacio Strait which followed the Last Glacial Maximum when Corsica and Sardinia were connected forming the largest Mediterranean island. Major palaeogeographic changes occurred before ~7 ka BP. Since that period, the significant decrease of the northern ice-sheet melting triggered a significant sea-level stabilization which induced only minor modifications in the palaeogeography of the strait. In the late Holocene, the isostatic-related subsidence became the dominant factor controlling the sea-level changes which rose with rates ≤0.35 mm a−1 in the last four millennia. Our data have also an important archaeological implication because they indicate that the Bonifacio Strait has not represented a significant geographical barrier along the early Neolithic migration path which connected mainland Italy to northern Corsica and finally to Sardinia. This further confirms the ability of early Neolithic communities to navigate not also across large sea stretches but also maritime areas characterized by extremely complex meteomarine conditions.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Vacchi, Matteo and Ghilardi, Matthieu and Stocchi, Paolo and Furlani, Stefano and Rossi, Veronica and Buosi, Carla and Rovere, Alessio and De Muro, Sandro},
 doi = {10.1016/j.margeo.2020.106265},
 journal = {Marine Geology},
 number = {May}
}

We produced a new suite of sea-level data which allowed assessing the Holocene evolution of the Bonifacio Strait, a key coastal sector of the Mediterranean Sea which experienced significant morphological changes since the Last Glacial Maximum. Squeezed between Corsica and Sardinia islands, this strait connects the two major basins of the western Mediterranean. Due to its peculiar geographic and morphological setting, the Bonifacio Strait is affected by extreme meteomarine conditions characterized by severe winds, waves, and currents. The millennial sea-level changes were reconstructed through multiproxy investigations made of sediment coring and underwater beachrock sampling carried out on both sides of the strait. These data provided fresh insights into the timing of the progressive opening of the Bonifacio Strait which followed the Last Glacial Maximum when Corsica and Sardinia were connected forming the largest Mediterranean island. Major palaeogeographic changes occurred before ~7 ka BP. Since that period, the significant decrease of the northern ice-sheet melting triggered a significant sea-level stabilization which induced only minor modifications in the palaeogeography of the strait. In the late Holocene, the isostatic-related subsidence became the dominant factor controlling the sea-level changes which rose with rates ≤0.35 mm a−1 in the last four millennia. Our data have also an important archaeological implication because they indicate that the Bonifacio Strait has not represented a significant geographical barrier along the early Neolithic migration path which connected mainland Italy to northern Corsica and finally to Sardinia. This further confirms the ability of early Neolithic communities to navigate not also across large sea stretches but also maritime areas characterized by extremely complex meteomarine conditions.

@article{
 title = {Assessing the efficacy of nourishment of a Mediterranean beach using bimodal fluvial sediments and a specific placement design},
 type = {article},
 year = {2020},
 keywords = {Beach nourishment,Bimodal fluvial sediment,Coastal dynamics,Mediterranean Sea,Mixed sand-gravel beach},
 pages = {687-698},
 volume = {40},
 publisher = {Geo-Marine Letters},
 id = {3241768c-eda9-3e92-8b35-c393b897262e},
 created = {2020-07-02T08:42:58.446Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {58d47d98-a4f4-3ac1-a79d-2d252a797376},
 last_modified = {2021-09-06T15:57:45.835Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {true},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 citation_key = {Vacchi2020b},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {Several studies have highlighted the difficulties inherent to the use of bimodal fluvial sediments in beach nourishment and the resulting unpredictable behaviour of the beach profile. In this paper, we monitored the temporal evolution of a nourishment project carried out on a northwestern Mediterranean beach and using fluvial mixed sand and gravel nourishment material. The main aim of the study was to examine the morpho-sedimentary evolution of the beach from the injection of the nourishment material to the attainment of a targeted equilibrium profile. The monitoring activity was conducted coupling multiple topo-bathymetric surveys and sediment sampling. The data show that the targeted equilibrium profile was attained less than 2 years after the nourishment, and, since that period, the shoreline has shown minimal mobility. Our results show that the positioning of the nourishment material is as important as the correct choice of grain size to attain rapid and successful nourishment of a beach. Further applications of this methodology in other coastal settings and/or with different nourishment sediments (e.g. medium or fine sands) are presently being considered. If confirmed at a broader scale, this nourishment design, employing bimodal fluvial sediments, should significantly contribute to the mitigation of beach erosion.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Vacchi, Matteo and Berriolo, Giorgio and Schiaffino, Chiara F. and Rovere, Alessio and Anthony, Edward A. and Corradi, Nicola and Firpo, Marco and Ferrari, Marco},
 doi = {10.1007/s00367-020-00664-6},
 journal = {Geo-Marine Letters},
 number = {5}
}

Several studies have highlighted the difficulties inherent to the use of bimodal fluvial sediments in beach nourishment and the resulting unpredictable behaviour of the beach profile. In this paper, we monitored the temporal evolution of a nourishment project carried out on a northwestern Mediterranean beach and using fluvial mixed sand and gravel nourishment material. The main aim of the study was to examine the morpho-sedimentary evolution of the beach from the injection of the nourishment material to the attainment of a targeted equilibrium profile. The monitoring activity was conducted coupling multiple topo-bathymetric surveys and sediment sampling. The data show that the targeted equilibrium profile was attained less than 2 years after the nourishment, and, since that period, the shoreline has shown minimal mobility. Our results show that the positioning of the nourishment material is as important as the correct choice of grain size to attain rapid and successful nourishment of a beach. Further applications of this methodology in other coastal settings and/or with different nourishment sediments (e.g. medium or fine sands) are presently being considered. If confirmed at a broader scale, this nourishment design, employing bimodal fluvial sediments, should significantly contribute to the mitigation of beach erosion.

@article{
 title = {Pliocene-Pleistocene Stratigraphy and Sea-Level Estimates, Republic of South Africa With Implications for a 400 ppmv CO2 World},
 type = {article},
 year = {2020},
 keywords = {CO2,Pliocene,climate change,sea level,stratigraphy,strontium dating},
 pages = {1-23},
 volume = {35},
 id = {e99df157-06b5-36c5-8452-d2e1cc81ec22},
 created = {2020-07-10T09:54:24.842Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {58d47d98-a4f4-3ac1-a79d-2d252a797376},
 last_modified = {2021-09-06T15:57:45.809Z},
 read = {true},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {true},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 citation_key = {Hearty2020},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {The Mid-Pliocene Warm Period (MPWP, 2.9 to 3.3 Ma), along with older Pliocene (3.2 to 5.3 Ma) records, offers potential past analogues for our 400-ppmv world. The coastal geology of western and southern coasts of the Republic of South Africa exposes an abundance of marine deposits of Pliocene and Pleistocene age. In this study, we report differential GPS elevations, detailed stratigraphic descriptions, standardized interpretations, and dating of relative sea-level indicators measured across ~700 km from the western and southern coasts of the Cape Provinces. Wave abrasion surfaces on bedrock, intertidal sedimentary structures, and in situ marine invertebrates including oysters and barnacles provide precise indicators of past sea levels. Multiple sea-level highstands imprinted at different elevations along South African coastlines were identified. Zone I sites average +32 ± 5 m (six sites). A lower topographic Zone II of sea stands were measured at several sites around +17 ± 5 m. Middle and late Pleistocene sites are included in Zone III. Shoreline chronologies using 87Sr/86Sr ages on shells from these zones yield ages from Zone I at 4.6 and 3.0 Ma and Zone II at 1.04 Ma. Our results show that polar ice sheets during the Plio-Pleistocene were dynamic and subject to significant melting under modestly warmer global temperatures. These processes occurred during a period when CO2 concentrations were comparable to our current and rapidly rising values above 400 ppmv.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Hearty, P. J. and Rovere, A. and Sandstrom, M. R. and O'Leary, M. J. and Roberts, D. and Raymo, M. E.},
 doi = {10.1029/2019PA003835},
 journal = {Paleoceanography and Paleoclimatology},
 number = {7}
}

The Mid-Pliocene Warm Period (MPWP, 2.9 to 3.3 Ma), along with older Pliocene (3.2 to 5.3 Ma) records, offers potential past analogues for our 400-ppmv world. The coastal geology of western and southern coasts of the Republic of South Africa exposes an abundance of marine deposits of Pliocene and Pleistocene age. In this study, we report differential GPS elevations, detailed stratigraphic descriptions, standardized interpretations, and dating of relative sea-level indicators measured across ~700 km from the western and southern coasts of the Cape Provinces. Wave abrasion surfaces on bedrock, intertidal sedimentary structures, and in situ marine invertebrates including oysters and barnacles provide precise indicators of past sea levels. Multiple sea-level highstands imprinted at different elevations along South African coastlines were identified. Zone I sites average +32 ± 5 m (six sites). A lower topographic Zone II of sea stands were measured at several sites around +17 ± 5 m. Middle and late Pleistocene sites are included in Zone III. Shoreline chronologies using 87Sr/86Sr ages on shells from these zones yield ages from Zone I at 4.6 and 3.0 Ma and Zone II at 1.04 Ma. Our results show that polar ice sheets during the Plio-Pleistocene were dynamic and subject to significant melting under modestly warmer global temperatures. These processes occurred during a period when CO2 concentrations were comparable to our current and rapidly rising values above 400 ppmv.

@article{
 title = {Late Holocene (0-6ka)sea-level changes in the Makassar Strait, Indonesia},
 type = {article},
 year = {2020},
 pages = {1187-1205},
 volume = {16},
 id = {f3fdac49-5f00-33bd-8875-9a7eb29b429f},
 created = {2020-07-10T09:54:24.882Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {58d47d98-a4f4-3ac1-a79d-2d252a797376},
 last_modified = {2021-09-06T15:57:45.832Z},
 read = {true},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {true},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 citation_key = {Bender2020},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {The Spermonde Archipelago, off the coast of southwest Sulawesi, consists of more than 100 small islands and hundreds of shallow-water reef areas. Most of the islands are bordered by coral reefs that grew in the past in response to paleo relative sea-level changes. Remnants of these reefs are preserved today in the form of fossil microatolls. In this study, we report the elevation, age, and paleo relative sea-level estimates derived from fossil microatolls surveyed in five islands of the Spermonde Archipelago. We describe 24 new sea-level index points, and we compare our dataset with both previously published proxies and with relative sealevel predictions from a set of 54 glacial isostatic adjustment (GIA) models, using different assumptions on both ice melting histories and mantle structure and viscosity. We use our new data and models to discuss Late Holocene (0-6 ka) relative sea-level changes in our study area and their implications in terms of modern relative sea-level estimates in the broader South and Southeast Asia region.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Bender, Maren and Mann, Thomas and Stocchi, Paolo and Kneer, Dominik and Schöne, Tilo and Illigner, Julia and Jompa, Jamaluddin and Rovere, Alessio},
 doi = {10.5194/cp-16-1187-2020},
 journal = {Climate of the Past},
 number = {4}
}

The Spermonde Archipelago, off the coast of southwest Sulawesi, consists of more than 100 small islands and hundreds of shallow-water reef areas. Most of the islands are bordered by coral reefs that grew in the past in response to paleo relative sea-level changes. Remnants of these reefs are preserved today in the form of fossil microatolls. In this study, we report the elevation, age, and paleo relative sea-level estimates derived from fossil microatolls surveyed in five islands of the Spermonde Archipelago. We describe 24 new sea-level index points, and we compare our dataset with both previously published proxies and with relative sealevel predictions from a set of 54 glacial isostatic adjustment (GIA) models, using different assumptions on both ice melting histories and mantle structure and viscosity. We use our new data and models to discuss Late Holocene (0-6 ka) relative sea-level changes in our study area and their implications in terms of modern relative sea-level estimates in the broader South and Southeast Asia region.

@article{
 title = {Could the Last Interglacial Constrain Projections of Future Antarctic Ice Mass Loss and Sea-Level Rise?},
 type = {article},
 year = {2020},
 keywords = {Antarctic ice sheet,Bayesian statistics,Last Interglacial,emulation,ice-sheet modeling,sea-level rise},
 pages = {e2019JF005418},
 volume = {125},
 publisher = {Wiley Online Library},
 id = {318b5e05-b8a1-352e-be04-2e74f170d1c1},
 created = {2020-10-29T09:40:48.518Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {58d47d98-a4f4-3ac1-a79d-2d252a797376},
 last_modified = {2021-09-06T15:57:45.880Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {true},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 citation_key = {gilford2020could},
 source_type = {article},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {Previous studies have interpreted Last Interglacial (LIG; ∼129–116 ka) sea-level estimates in multiple different ways to calibrate projections of future Antarctic ice-sheet (AIS) mass loss and associated sea-level rise. This study systematically explores the extent to which LIG constraints could inform future Antarctic contributions to sea-level rise. We develop a Gaussian process emulator of an ice-sheet model to produce continuous probabilistic projections of Antarctic sea-level contributions over the LIG and a future high-emissions scenario. We use a Bayesian approach conditioning emulator projections on a set of LIG constraints to find associated likelihoods of model parameterizations. LIG estimates inform both the probability of past and future ice-sheet instabilities and projections of future sea-level rise through 2150. Although best-available LIG estimates do not meaningfully constrain Antarctic mass loss projections or physical processes until 2060, they become increasingly informative over the next 130 years. Uncertainties of up to 50 cm remain in future projections even if LIG Antarctic mass loss is precisely known (±5 cm), indicating that there is a limit to how informative the LIG could be for ice-sheet model future projections. The efficacy of LIG constraints on Antarctic mass loss also depends on assumptions about the Greenland ice sheet and LIG sea-level chronology. However, improved field measurements and understanding of LIG sea levels still have potential to improve future sea-level projections, highlighting the importance of continued observational efforts.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Gilford, Daniel M and Ashe, Erica L and DeConto, Robert M and Kopp, Robert E and Pollard, David and Rovere, Alessio},
 doi = {10.1029/2019JF005418},
 journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface},
 number = {10}
}

Previous studies have interpreted Last Interglacial (LIG; ∼129–116 ka) sea-level estimates in multiple different ways to calibrate projections of future Antarctic ice-sheet (AIS) mass loss and associated sea-level rise. This study systematically explores the extent to which LIG constraints could inform future Antarctic contributions to sea-level rise. We develop a Gaussian process emulator of an ice-sheet model to produce continuous probabilistic projections of Antarctic sea-level contributions over the LIG and a future high-emissions scenario. We use a Bayesian approach conditioning emulator projections on a set of LIG constraints to find associated likelihoods of model parameterizations. LIG estimates inform both the probability of past and future ice-sheet instabilities and projections of future sea-level rise through 2150. Although best-available LIG estimates do not meaningfully constrain Antarctic mass loss projections or physical processes until 2060, they become increasingly informative over the next 130 years. Uncertainties of up to 50 cm remain in future projections even if LIG Antarctic mass loss is precisely known (±5 cm), indicating that there is a limit to how informative the LIG could be for ice-sheet model future projections. The efficacy of LIG constraints on Antarctic mass loss also depends on assumptions about the Greenland ice sheet and LIG sea-level chronology. However, improved field measurements and understanding of LIG sea levels still have potential to improve future sea-level projections, highlighting the importance of continued observational efforts.

@misc{
 title = {Descriptions of database fields for the World Atlas of Last Interglacial Shorelines (WALIS)},
 type = {misc},
 year = {2020},
 websites = {https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3961544},
 month = {7},
 publisher = {Zenodo},
 id = {5ba65aa4-2b89-3c44-a9f4-93c807064f45},
 created = {2020-11-03T17:58:05.011Z},
 file_attached = {false},
 profile_id = {58d47d98-a4f4-3ac1-a79d-2d252a797376},
 last_modified = {2021-09-06T15:57:45.976Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {true},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 citation_key = {rovere_alessio_2020_3961544},
 source_type = {misc},
 private_publication = {false},
 bibtype = {misc},
 author = {Rovere, Alessio and Ryan, Deirdre and Murray-Wallace, Colin and Simms, Alexander and Vacchi, Matteo and Dutton, Andrea and Lorscheid, Thomas and Chutcharavan, Peter and Brill, Dominik and Bartz, Melanie and Jankowski, Nathan and Mueller, Daniela and Cohen, Kim and Gowan, Evan},
 doi = {10.5281/zenodo.3961544}
}

@article{
 title = {Higher than present global mean sea level recorded by an Early Pliocene intertidal unit in Patagonia (Argentina)},
 type = {article},
 year = {2020},
 pages = {1-10},
 volume = {1},
 websites = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s43247-020-00067-6},
 publisher = {Springer US},
 id = {483d64d0-981a-38f9-8161-7c9d00c3b803},
 created = {2021-04-23T09:44:27.660Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {58d47d98-a4f4-3ac1-a79d-2d252a797376},
 last_modified = {2021-09-06T15:57:46.168Z},
 read = {true},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {true},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 citation_key = {Rovere2020},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {Reconstructions of global mean sea level from earlier warm periods in Earth’s history can help constrain future projections of sea level rise. Here we report on the sedimentology and age of a geological unit in central Patagonia, Argentina, that we dated to the Early Pliocene (4.69–5.23 Ma, 2 σ ) with strontium isotope stratigraphy. The unit was interpreted as representative of an intertidal environment, and its elevation was measured with differential GPS at ca. 36 m above present-day sea level. Considering modern tidal ranges, it was possible to constrain paleo relative sea level within ±2.7 m (1 σ ). We use glacial isostatic adjustment models and estimates of vertical land movement to calculate that, when the Camarones intertidal sequence was deposited, global mean sea level was 28.4 ± 11.7 m (1 σ ) above present. This estimate matches those derived from analogous Early Pliocene sea level proxies in the Mediterranean Sea and South Africa. Evidence from these three locations indicates that Early Pliocene sea level may have exceeded 20m above its present level. Such high global mean sea level values imply an ice-free Greenland, a significant melting of West Antarctica, and a contribution of marine-based sectors of East Antarctica to global mean sea level.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Rovere, Alessio and Pappalardo, Marta and Richiano, Sebastian and Aguirre, Marina and Sandstrom, Michael R. and Hearty, Paul J. and Austermann, Jacqueline and Castellanos, Ignacio and Raymo, Maureen E.},
 doi = {10.1038/s43247-020-00067-6},
 journal = {Communications Earth & Environment},
 number = {1}
}

Reconstructions of global mean sea level from earlier warm periods in Earth’s history can help constrain future projections of sea level rise. Here we report on the sedimentology and age of a geological unit in central Patagonia, Argentina, that we dated to the Early Pliocene (4.69–5.23 Ma, 2 σ ) with strontium isotope stratigraphy. The unit was interpreted as representative of an intertidal environment, and its elevation was measured with differential GPS at ca. 36 m above present-day sea level. Considering modern tidal ranges, it was possible to constrain paleo relative sea level within ±2.7 m (1 σ ). We use glacial isostatic adjustment models and estimates of vertical land movement to calculate that, when the Camarones intertidal sequence was deposited, global mean sea level was 28.4 ± 11.7 m (1 σ ) above present. This estimate matches those derived from analogous Early Pliocene sea level proxies in the Mediterranean Sea and South Africa. Evidence from these three locations indicates that Early Pliocene sea level may have exceeded 20m above its present level. Such high global mean sea level values imply an ice-free Greenland, a significant melting of West Antarctica, and a contribution of marine-based sectors of East Antarctica to global mean sea level.

@article{
 title = {Challenges and research priorities to understand interactions between climate, ice sheets and global mean sea level during past interglacials},
 type = {article},
 year = {2019},
 pages = {308-311},
 volume = {219},
 websites = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2019.06.030},
 publisher = {Elsevier Ltd},
 id = {78d9c196-d8f6-3523-beb3-cdd7cc2ef239},
 created = {2019-08-21T15:50:34.443Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {58d47d98-a4f4-3ac1-a79d-2d252a797376},
 last_modified = {2019-09-04T14:20:28.773Z},
 read = {true},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {true},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 citation_key = {Capron2019},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {Quaternary interglacials provide key observations of the Earth system's responses to orbital and greenhouse gas forcing. They also inform on the capabilities of Earth system models, used for projecting the polar ice-sheet and sea-level responses to a regional warmth comparable to that expected by 2100 C.E. However, a number of uncertainties remain regarding the processes and feedbacks linking climate, ice-sheet and sea-level changes during past warm intervals. Here, we delineate the major research questions that need to be resolved and future research directions that should be taken by the paleoclimate, sea-level and ice-sheet research communities in order to increase confidence in the use of past interglacial climate, ice-sheet and sea-level reconstructions to constrain future predictions. These questions were formulated during a joint workshop held by the PAGES-INQUA PALSEA (PALeo constraints on SEA level rise) and the PAGES-PMIP QUIGS (QUaternary InterGlacialS) Working Groups in September 2018.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Capron, Emilie and Rovere, Alessio and Austermann, Jacqueline and Axford, Yarrow and Barlow, Natasha L.M. and Carlson, Anders E. and de Vernal, Anne and Dutton, Andrea and Kopp, Robert E. and McManus, Jerry F. and Menviel, Laurie and Otto-Bliesner, Bette L. and Robinson, Alexander and Shakun, Jeremy D. and Tzedakis, Polychronis C. and Wolff, Eric W.},
 doi = {10.1016/j.quascirev.2019.06.030},
 journal = {Quaternary Science Reviews}
}

Quaternary interglacials provide key observations of the Earth system's responses to orbital and greenhouse gas forcing. They also inform on the capabilities of Earth system models, used for projecting the polar ice-sheet and sea-level responses to a regional warmth comparable to that expected by 2100 C.E. However, a number of uncertainties remain regarding the processes and feedbacks linking climate, ice-sheet and sea-level changes during past warm intervals. Here, we delineate the major research questions that need to be resolved and future research directions that should be taken by the paleoclimate, sea-level and ice-sheet research communities in order to increase confidence in the use of past interglacial climate, ice-sheet and sea-level reconstructions to constrain future predictions. These questions were formulated during a joint workshop held by the PAGES-INQUA PALSEA (PALeo constraints on SEA level rise) and the PAGES-PMIP QUIGS (QUaternary InterGlacialS) Working Groups in September 2018.

@article{
 title = {Holocene sea levels in Southeast Asia, Maldives, India and Sri Lanka: The SEAMIS database},
 type = {article},
 year = {2019},
 keywords = {glacial isostatic adjustment},
 pages = {112-125},
 volume = {219},
 websites = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2019.07.007},
 publisher = {Elsevier Ltd},
 id = {8799e7af-89d4-3229-908f-bfff904aeaa0},
 created = {2019-08-21T15:56:46.431Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {58d47d98-a4f4-3ac1-a79d-2d252a797376},
 last_modified = {2019-11-19T14:48:21.157Z},
 read = {true},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {true},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 citation_key = {Mann2019},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {We assembled a database of Holocene relative sea-level index points (n = 213) and marine (n = 211) and terrestrial (n = 122) limiting points for the broader South and Southeast Asian region including the Maldives, India and Sri Lanka. The standardized review of published age-elevation information from corals, deltaic, estuarine and mangrove deposits, beachrocks and tidal notches, yielded a new suite of relative sea-level index and limiting points produced according to a standardized protocol. Expected spatial variability in Holocene relative sea-level change due to glacial isostatic adjustment was accounted for, by first subdividing the study area into ten geographic sub-regions from the Central Indian Ocean to the Western Tropical Pacific, and second by comparing sub-regional relative sea-level data to model predictions of glacial isostatic adjustment. Results show that some of the regionally constrained relative sea-level data are characterized by significant inconsistencies that cannot be explained by glacial isostatic adjustment. Such inconsistencies of standardized relative sea-level data become particularly obvious in areas around the Red River Delta in Vietnam, the Gulf of Thailand, the northwest coast of Malaysia and the Spermonde Archipelago in Indonesia. Based on a critical evaluation of the reviewed relative sea-level indicators, we discuss possible sources of local divergence and identify regions where data are currently insufficient to constrain glacial isostatic adjustment predictions. The remaining quality-controlled and consistent relative sea-level data show that glacial isostatic adjustment and syn-/post-formational influences such as tectonic uplift, subsidence and compaction were the dominant local drivers of Holocene relative sea-level change. Collectively, the results of this review suggest that Holocene sea levels in South and Southeast Asia and surrounding regions have been controlled by a variety of global and local drivers and imply that additional index points from the Java Sea in Indonesia would be valuable to better assess the spatial variability, and to calibrate geophysical models of glacial isostatic adjustment.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Mann, Thomas and Bender, Maren and Lorscheid, Thomas and Stocchi, Paolo and Vacchi, Matteo and Switzer, Adam D. and Rovere, Alessio},
 doi = {10.1016/j.quascirev.2019.07.007},
 journal = {Quaternary Science Reviews}
}

We assembled a database of Holocene relative sea-level index points (n = 213) and marine (n = 211) and terrestrial (n = 122) limiting points for the broader South and Southeast Asian region including the Maldives, India and Sri Lanka. The standardized review of published age-elevation information from corals, deltaic, estuarine and mangrove deposits, beachrocks and tidal notches, yielded a new suite of relative sea-level index and limiting points produced according to a standardized protocol. Expected spatial variability in Holocene relative sea-level change due to glacial isostatic adjustment was accounted for, by first subdividing the study area into ten geographic sub-regions from the Central Indian Ocean to the Western Tropical Pacific, and second by comparing sub-regional relative sea-level data to model predictions of glacial isostatic adjustment. Results show that some of the regionally constrained relative sea-level data are characterized by significant inconsistencies that cannot be explained by glacial isostatic adjustment. Such inconsistencies of standardized relative sea-level data become particularly obvious in areas around the Red River Delta in Vietnam, the Gulf of Thailand, the northwest coast of Malaysia and the Spermonde Archipelago in Indonesia. Based on a critical evaluation of the reviewed relative sea-level indicators, we discuss possible sources of local divergence and identify regions where data are currently insufficient to constrain glacial isostatic adjustment predictions. The remaining quality-controlled and consistent relative sea-level data show that glacial isostatic adjustment and syn-/post-formational influences such as tectonic uplift, subsidence and compaction were the dominant local drivers of Holocene relative sea-level change. Collectively, the results of this review suggest that Holocene sea levels in South and Southeast Asia and surrounding regions have been controlled by a variety of global and local drivers and imply that additional index points from the Java Sea in Indonesia would be valuable to better assess the spatial variability, and to calibrate geophysical models of glacial isostatic adjustment.

@article{
 title = {Sea-level databases},
 type = {article},
 year = {2019},
 pages = {10-11},
 volume = {27},
 id = {abae2e5c-8ba0-3f56-adb8-5f52d6089e52},
 created = {2019-08-21T15:56:46.494Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {58d47d98-a4f4-3ac1-a79d-2d252a797376},
 last_modified = {2019-08-21T15:56:49.753Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {true},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 citation_key = {Khan2019},
 private_publication = {false},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Khan, Nicole S and Hibbert, F and Rovere, A},
 journal = {Past Global Changes Magazine},
 number = {1}
}

@article{
 title = {Inception of a global atlas of sea levels since the Last Glacial Maximum},
 type = {article},
 year = {2019},
 pages = {359-371},
 volume = {220},
 websites = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0277379119306468},
 id = {11da0abb-94dc-35b1-839f-e7a516633279},
 created = {2019-08-21T15:56:46.494Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {58d47d98-a4f4-3ac1-a79d-2d252a797376},
 last_modified = {2019-10-14T12:51:29.007Z},
 read = {true},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {true},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 citation_key = {Khan2019a},
 private_publication = {false},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Khan, Nicole S. and Horton, Benjamin P. and Engelhart, Simon and Rovere, Alessio and Vacchi, Matteo and Ashe, Erica L. and Törnqvist, Torbjörn E. and Dutton, Andrea and Hijma, Marc P. and Shennan, Ian},
 doi = {10.1016/j.quascirev.2019.07.016},
 journal = {Quaternary Science Reviews}
}

@article{
 title = {Storms and extreme events: Insights from the historical and paleo record},
 type = {article},
 year = {2019},
 pages = {2017-2018},
 volume = {27},
 id = {cb308c57-b794-304a-8ea8-77472af01411},
 created = {2019-08-21T15:56:46.502Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {58d47d98-a4f4-3ac1-a79d-2d252a797376},
 last_modified = {2019-08-21T15:56:58.653Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {true},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 citation_key = {Engelhart2019},
 private_publication = {false},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Engelhart, Simon E and Pilarczyk, J E and Rovere, A},
 doi = {10.22498/pages.27.1.26},
 journal = {Past Global Changes Magazine},
 number = {1}
}

@article{
 title = {The indicative meaning calculator – quantification of paleo sea-level relationships by using global wave and tide datasets},
 type = {article},
 year = {2019},
 pages = {10},
 volume = {4},
 websites = {https://doi.org/10.1186/s40965-019-0069-8},
 id = {f52749d4-49ea-307d-8ae7-98e17b4b9f5f},
 created = {2019-09-26T11:52:29.782Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {58d47d98-a4f4-3ac1-a79d-2d252a797376},
 last_modified = {2020-05-25T11:48:55.522Z},
 read = {true},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {true},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 citation_key = {Lorscheid2019a},
 source_type = {JOUR},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {The study of past sea levels relies largely on the interpretation and quantification of sea-level indicators. These are fossil coastal landforms, bioconstructions or deposits that have a quantifiable relation to paleo sea level (called the indicative meaning) and can be assigned an age of formation. The calculation of the indicative meaning should always rely on the quantitative comparison between the paleo sea-level indicator and the elevational range of the same feature in the modern environment with respect to modern sea level. This may prove difficult to quantify when no site-specific data is available, for example when compiling databases with large geographic scope. In this paper, we provide a method to quantify the indicative meaning of sea-level indicators using simple hydro- and morphodynamic equations with inputs from global wave and tide datasets. We apply and compare our approach exemplary to data published in a relative sea-level database on the Marine Isotope Stage 5e highstand and show how this approach can help in estimating the indicative meaning if no site-specific data on the modern analog is available. For the easier usability of the described approach in this paper, we also present a stand-alone Java-app (IMCalc), which can be used as a calculator of the indicative meaning.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Lorscheid, Thomas and Rovere, Alessio},
 doi = {10.1186/s40965-019-0069-8},
 journal = {Open Geospatial Data, Software and Standards},
 number = {1}
}

The study of past sea levels relies largely on the interpretation and quantification of sea-level indicators. These are fossil coastal landforms, bioconstructions or deposits that have a quantifiable relation to paleo sea level (called the indicative meaning) and can be assigned an age of formation. The calculation of the indicative meaning should always rely on the quantitative comparison between the paleo sea-level indicator and the elevational range of the same feature in the modern environment with respect to modern sea level. This may prove difficult to quantify when no site-specific data is available, for example when compiling databases with large geographic scope. In this paper, we provide a method to quantify the indicative meaning of sea-level indicators using simple hydro- and morphodynamic equations with inputs from global wave and tide datasets. We apply and compare our approach exemplary to data published in a relative sea-level database on the Marine Isotope Stage 5e highstand and show how this approach can help in estimating the indicative meaning if no site-specific data on the modern analog is available. For the easier usability of the described approach in this paper, we also present a stand-alone Java-app (IMCalc), which can be used as a calculator of the indicative meaning.

@article{
 title = {Relative sea-level data from the SEAMIS database compared to ICE-5G model predictions of glacial isostatic adjustment},
 type = {article},
 year = {2019},
 keywords = {Climate change,Glacial isostatic adjustment,Sea-level highstand,Sea-level rise,Tectonics},
 pages = {104600},
 volume = {27},
 websites = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dib.2019.104600},
 publisher = {Elsevier Ltd},
 id = {94ac60a5-2c11-36ba-a175-c06d3382c6a7},
 created = {2019-11-21T15:10:39.762Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {58d47d98-a4f4-3ac1-a79d-2d252a797376},
 last_modified = {2021-09-06T15:57:45.714Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {true},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 citation_key = {Mann2019b},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {The SEAMIS database (Mendeley data repository; https://doi.org/10.17632/wp4ctb4667.1) contains 546 relative sea-level indicators from 31 different studies within the broader Southeast Asian region including the Maldives, India and Sri Lanka. Here we compare quality-controlled and site-specific relative sea-level data from 23 studies from the SEAMIS database to a suite of ICE-5G glacial isostatic adjustment models. The relation between robust and, if applicable, tectonically corrected relative sea-level data with the broad predictions of glacial isostatic adjustment models is interpreted and discussed in the article “Holocene sea levels in Southeast Asia, Maldives, India and Sri Lanka: The SEAMIS database” [1] in Quaternary Science Reviews.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Mann, Thomas and Bender, Maren and Lorscheid, Thomas and Stocchi, Paolo and Vacchi, Matteo and Switzer, Adam and Rovere, Alessio},
 doi = {10.1016/j.dib.2019.104600},
 journal = {Data in Brief}
}

The SEAMIS database (Mendeley data repository; https://doi.org/10.17632/wp4ctb4667.1) contains 546 relative sea-level indicators from 31 different studies within the broader Southeast Asian region including the Maldives, India and Sri Lanka. Here we compare quality-controlled and site-specific relative sea-level data from 23 studies from the SEAMIS database to a suite of ICE-5G glacial isostatic adjustment models. The relation between robust and, if applicable, tectonically corrected relative sea-level data with the broad predictions of glacial isostatic adjustment models is interpreted and discussed in the article “Holocene sea levels in Southeast Asia, Maldives, India and Sri Lanka: The SEAMIS database” [1] in Quaternary Science Reviews.

@article{
 title = {Habitat mapping of remote coasts: Evaluating the usefulness of lightweight unmanned aerial vehicles for conservation and monitoring},
 type = {article},
 year = {2019},
 keywords = {Coastal monitoring,Colombia,Coral reef mapping,Drones,Intertidal topographical complexity,MPAs,Mangrove cover,Tropical eastern pacific},
 pages = {108282},
 volume = {239},
 websites = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2019.108282},
 publisher = {Elsevier},
 id = {585db660-d2b8-36e1-919f-d9ed6e2c8874},
 created = {2020-01-19T10:34:49.203Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {58d47d98-a4f4-3ac1-a79d-2d252a797376},
 last_modified = {2020-01-19T10:35:30.293Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {true},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 citation_key = {Castellanos-Galindo2019},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) have the potential to be an important tool providing low-cost but sufficiently precise mapping products to support environmental management. In this study, we present possible applications of UAVs to map and monitor three representative coastal tropical habitats: mangroves, rocky shores and coral reefs. We conducted UAVs surveys in a Marine Protected Area (MPA) of the tropical eastern Pacific region to investigate the suitability and usefulness of using this tool in a remote area for a variety of management and monitoring purposes. For mangrove ecosystems, we evaluated the potential of UAV-derived data to estimate canopy cover. On an intertidal rocky shore, we evaluated the potential of UAVs to obtain a detailed relative topographic position index that can be used to correlate the distribution patterns of resident and transient fauna. Finally, we compared the standard diver-based coral reef mapping approach used at the MPA with the use of a map produced with the UAV. Our results suggest that the use of UAVs by conservation practitioners in MPAs with diverse habitats, such as in the tropics, is likely to improve the knowledge of the MPAs environments and provide highly detailed information for monitoring helping to understand the nursery function of these inter-connected tropical habitats, at a reduced cost. This tool, therefore, has the potential to support conservation measures in a more effective way.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Castellanos-Galindo, Gustavo A. and Casella, Elisa and Mejía-Rentería, Juan Carlos and Rovere, Alessio},
 doi = {10.1016/j.biocon.2019.108282},
 journal = {Biological Conservation},
 number = {November}
}

Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) have the potential to be an important tool providing low-cost but sufficiently precise mapping products to support environmental management. In this study, we present possible applications of UAVs to map and monitor three representative coastal tropical habitats: mangroves, rocky shores and coral reefs. We conducted UAVs surveys in a Marine Protected Area (MPA) of the tropical eastern Pacific region to investigate the suitability and usefulness of using this tool in a remote area for a variety of management and monitoring purposes. For mangrove ecosystems, we evaluated the potential of UAV-derived data to estimate canopy cover. On an intertidal rocky shore, we evaluated the potential of UAVs to obtain a detailed relative topographic position index that can be used to correlate the distribution patterns of resident and transient fauna. Finally, we compared the standard diver-based coral reef mapping approach used at the MPA with the use of a map produced with the UAV. Our results suggest that the use of UAVs by conservation practitioners in MPAs with diverse habitats, such as in the tropics, is likely to improve the knowledge of the MPAs environments and provide highly detailed information for monitoring helping to understand the nursery function of these inter-connected tropical habitats, at a reduced cost. This tool, therefore, has the potential to support conservation measures in a more effective way.

@article{
 title = {Coral reef structural complexity provides important coastal protection from waves under rising sea levels},
 type = {article},
 year = {2018},
 pages = {eaao4350},
 volume = {4},
 id = {8d31909d-81df-3588-bf14-5ff19311dc15},
 created = {2018-01-09T13:29:33.986Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {58d47d98-a4f4-3ac1-a79d-2d252a797376},
 last_modified = {2018-11-11T21:27:10.695Z},
 read = {true},
 starred = {true},
 authored = {true},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 citation_key = {Harris2018},
 private_publication = {false},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Harris, Daniel L. and Rovere, Alessio and Casella, Elisa and Power, Hannah and Canavesio, Remy and Collin, Antoine and Pomeroy, Andrew and Webster, Jody M. and Parravicini, Valeriano},
 doi = {10.1126/sciadv.aao4350},
 journal = {Science Advances},
 number = {2}
}

@article{
 title = {MIS 5e relative sea-level changes in the Mediterranean Sea: Contribution of isostatic disequilibrium},
 type = {article},
 year = {2018},
 keywords = {Coastal,Geomorphology,Mediterranean Sea,Pleistocene,Sea level changes},
 pages = {122-134},
 volume = {185},
 websites = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2018.01.004},
 publisher = {Elsevier Ltd},
 id = {c3514c56-9155-3319-8d55-1eebea8a0fd4},
 created = {2018-02-21T14:18:02.531Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {58d47d98-a4f4-3ac1-a79d-2d252a797376},
 last_modified = {2020-03-26T12:48:13.534Z},
 read = {true},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {true},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 citation_key = {Stocchi2018},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {Sea-level indicators dated to the Last Interglacial, or Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 5e, have a twofold value. First, they can be used to constrain the melting of Greenland and Antarctic Ice Sheets in response to global warming scenarios. Second, they can be used to calculate the vertical crustal rates at active margins. For both applications, the contribution of glacio- and hydro-isostatic adjustment (GIA) to vertical displacement of sea-level indicators must be calculated. In this paper, we re-assess MIS 5e sea-level indicators at 11 Mediterranean sites that have been generally considered tectonically stable or affected by mild tectonics. These are found within a range of elevations of 2–10 m above modern mean sea level. Four sites are characterized by two separate sea-level stands, which suggest a two-step sea-level highstand during MIS 5e. Comparing field data with numerical modeling we show that (i) GIA is an important contributor to the spatial and temporal variability of the sea-level highstand during MIS 5e, (ii) the isostatic imbalance from the melting of the MIS 6 ice sheet can produce a >2.0 m sea-level highstand, and (iii) a two-step melting phase for the Greenland and Antarctic Ice Sheets reduces the differences between observations and predictions. Our results show that assumptions of tectonic stability on the basis of the MIS 5e records carry intrinsically large uncertainties, stemming either from uncertainties in field data and GIA models. The latter are propagated to either Holocene or Pleistocene sea-level reconstructions if tectonic rates are considered linear through time.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Stocchi, Paolo and Vacchi, Matteo and Lorscheid, Thomas and de Boer, Bas and Simms, Alexander R and van de Wal, Roderik S.W. and Vermeersen, Bert L.A. and Pappalardo, Marta and Rovere, Alessio},
 doi = {10.1016/j.quascirev.2018.01.004},
 journal = {Quaternary Science Reviews}
}

Sea-level indicators dated to the Last Interglacial, or Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 5e, have a twofold value. First, they can be used to constrain the melting of Greenland and Antarctic Ice Sheets in response to global warming scenarios. Second, they can be used to calculate the vertical crustal rates at active margins. For both applications, the contribution of glacio- and hydro-isostatic adjustment (GIA) to vertical displacement of sea-level indicators must be calculated. In this paper, we re-assess MIS 5e sea-level indicators at 11 Mediterranean sites that have been generally considered tectonically stable or affected by mild tectonics. These are found within a range of elevations of 2–10 m above modern mean sea level. Four sites are characterized by two separate sea-level stands, which suggest a two-step sea-level highstand during MIS 5e. Comparing field data with numerical modeling we show that (i) GIA is an important contributor to the spatial and temporal variability of the sea-level highstand during MIS 5e, (ii) the isostatic imbalance from the melting of the MIS 6 ice sheet can produce a >2.0 m sea-level highstand, and (iii) a two-step melting phase for the Greenland and Antarctic Ice Sheets reduces the differences between observations and predictions. Our results show that assumptions of tectonic stability on the basis of the MIS 5e records carry intrinsically large uncertainties, stemming either from uncertainties in field data and GIA models. The latter are propagated to either Holocene or Pleistocene sea-level reconstructions if tectonic rates are considered linear through time.

@article{
 title = {Reply to Hearty and Tormey: Use the scientific method to test geologic hypotheses, because rocks do not whisper},
 type = {article},
 year = {2018},
 pages = {201800534},
 websites = {http://www.pnas.org/lookup/doi/10.1073/pnas.1800534115},
 id = {4bbe1a2d-8c9a-32f8-ba60-c4589beb9e49},
 created = {2018-03-13T16:27:28.462Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {58d47d98-a4f4-3ac1-a79d-2d252a797376},
 last_modified = {2019-02-19T13:54:12.116Z},
 read = {true},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {true},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 citation_key = {Rovere2018},
 private_publication = {false},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Rovere, Alessio and Casella, Elisa and Harris, Daniel L. and Lorscheid, Thomas and Nandasena, Napayalage A. K. and Dyer, Blake and Sandstrom, Michael R. and Stocchi, Paolo and D’Andrea, William J. and Raymo, Maureen E.},
 doi = {10.1073/pnas.1800534115},
 journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences}
}

@article{
 title = {Submerged reef terraces in the Maldivian Archipelago (Indian Ocean)},
 type = {article},
 year = {2018},
 keywords = {Maldives,Multibeam bathymetry,Scuba diving,Submerged reef terraces},
 pages = {218-232},
 volume = {317},
 websites = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2018.05.026},
 publisher = {Elsevier B.V.},
 id = {13788f28-46ca-3984-ab92-61c09f723e8f},
 created = {2018-06-19T09:16:48.542Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {58d47d98-a4f4-3ac1-a79d-2d252a797376},
 last_modified = {2018-09-29T10:43:05.313Z},
 read = {true},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {true},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 citation_key = {Rovere2018a},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {Sea-level changes have shaped the world's carbonate platform margins and continental shelves, leaving typical geomorphic imprints, such as drowned reef terraces. In this paper, we present the results of 112 scuba diving transects across seven different Maldivian atolls and one multibeam survey around Malé Island, the capital of Maldives. We report on the occurrence of drowned reef terraces down to 120 m depth. In total, we identified six levels of submerged terraces that we consider as indicative of periods of time with stable or slowly rising sea level that can be attributed either to deceleration of the last deglacial sea-level rise or to Late Quaternary sea-level highstands. We compare our dataset to the depth of reef terraces reported globally, and we discuss the reasons why common global submerged terrace levels are difficult to identify in the field record.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Rovere, Alessio and Khanna, Pankaj and Bianchi, Carlo Nike and Droxler, André W. and Morri, Carla and Naar, David F.},
 doi = {10.1016/j.geomorph.2018.05.026},
 journal = {Geomorphology}
}

Sea-level changes have shaped the world's carbonate platform margins and continental shelves, leaving typical geomorphic imprints, such as drowned reef terraces. In this paper, we present the results of 112 scuba diving transects across seven different Maldivian atolls and one multibeam survey around Malé Island, the capital of Maldives. We report on the occurrence of drowned reef terraces down to 120 m depth. In total, we identified six levels of submerged terraces that we consider as indicative of periods of time with stable or slowly rising sea level that can be attributed either to deceleration of the last deglacial sea-level rise or to Late Quaternary sea-level highstands. We compare our dataset to the depth of reef terraces reported globally, and we discuss the reasons why common global submerged terrace levels are difficult to identify in the field record.

@misc{
 title = {Palaeoclimate constraints on the impact of 2 °c anthropogenic warming and beyond},
 type = {misc},
 year = {2018},
 source = {Nature Geoscience},
 pages = {474-485},
 volume = {11},
 issue = {7},
 websites = {file:///home/lmjong/Downloads/2018 - Natgeo - Fischer - PAGES palaeo constraints 2 degrees.pdf},
 publisher = {Springer US},
 id = {72af0bae-5a91-3f85-b98b-30fa913f29b1},
 created = {2018-07-19T16:12:14.024Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {58d47d98-a4f4-3ac1-a79d-2d252a797376},
 last_modified = {2019-01-13T15:26:57.614Z},
 read = {true},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {true},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 citation_key = {Fischer2018a},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {Over the past 3.5 million years, there have been several intervals when climate conditions were warmer than during the pre-industrial Holocene. Although past intervals of warming were forced differently than future anthropogenic change, such periods can provide insights into potential future climate impacts and ecosystem feedbacks, especially over centennial-to-millennial timescales that are often not covered by climate model simulations. Our observation-based synthesis of the understanding of past intervals with temperatures within the range of projected future warming suggests that there is a low risk of runaway greenhouse gas feedbacks for global warming of no more than 2 °C. However, substantial regional environmental impacts can occur. A global average warming of 1–2 °C with strong polar amplification has, in the past, been accompanied by significant shifts in climate zones and the spatial distribution of land and ocean ecosystems. Sustained warming at this level has also led to substantial reductions of the Greenland and Antarctic ice sheets, with sea-level increases of at least several metres on millennial timescales. Comparison of palaeo observations with climate model results suggests that, due to the lack of certain feedback processes, model-based climate projections may underestimate long-term warming in response to future radiative forcing by as much as a factor of two, and thus may also underestimate centennial-to-millennial-scale sea-level rise.},
 bibtype = {misc},
 author = {Fischer, Hubertus and Meissner, Katrin J and Mix, Alan C and Abram, Nerilie J and Austermann, Jacqueline and Brovkin, Victor and Capron, Emilie and Colombaroli, Daniele and Daniau, Anne Laure and Dyez, Kelsey A and Felis, Thomas and Finkelstein, Sarah A and Jaccard, Samuel L and McClymont, Erin L and Rovere, Alessio and Sutter, Johannes and Wolff, Eric W and Affolter, Stéphane and Bakker, Pepijn and Ballesteros-Cánovas, Juan Antonio and Barbante, Carlo and Caley, Thibaut and Carlson, Anders E and Churakova, Olga and Cortese, Giuseppe and Cumming, Brian F and Davis, Basil A.S. and De Vernal, Anne and Emile-Geay, Julien and Fritz, Sherilyn C and Gierz, Paul and Gottschalk, Julia and Holloway, Max D and Joos, Fortunat and Kucera, Michal and Loutre, Marie France and Lunt, Daniel J and Marcisz, Katarzyna and Marlon, Jennifer R and Martinez, Philippe and Masson-Delmotte, Valerie and Nehrbass-Ahles, Christoph and Otto-Bliesner, Bette L and Raible, Christoph C and Risebrobakken, Bjørg and Sánchez Goñi, Mariá F. and Arrigo, Jennifer Saleem and Sarnthein, Michael and Sjolte, Jesper and Stocker, Thomas F and Velasquez Alvárez, Patricio A. and Tinner, Willy and Valdes, Paul J and Vogel, Hendrik and Wanner, Heinz and Yan, Qing and Yu, Zicheng and Ziegler, Martin and Zhou, Liping},
 doi = {10.1038/s41561-018-0146-0}
}

Over the past 3.5 million years, there have been several intervals when climate conditions were warmer than during the pre-industrial Holocene. Although past intervals of warming were forced differently than future anthropogenic change, such periods can provide insights into potential future climate impacts and ecosystem feedbacks, especially over centennial-to-millennial timescales that are often not covered by climate model simulations. Our observation-based synthesis of the understanding of past intervals with temperatures within the range of projected future warming suggests that there is a low risk of runaway greenhouse gas feedbacks for global warming of no more than 2 °C. However, substantial regional environmental impacts can occur. A global average warming of 1–2 °C with strong polar amplification has, in the past, been accompanied by significant shifts in climate zones and the spatial distribution of land and ocean ecosystems. Sustained warming at this level has also led to substantial reductions of the Greenland and Antarctic ice sheets, with sea-level increases of at least several metres on millennial timescales. Comparison of palaeo observations with climate model results suggests that, due to the lack of certain feedback processes, model-based climate projections may underestimate long-term warming in response to future radiative forcing by as much as a factor of two, and thus may also underestimate centennial-to-millennial-scale sea-level rise.

@article{
 title = {Very high resolution mapping of coral reef state using airborne bathymetric LiDAR surface-intensity and drone imagery},
 type = {article},
 year = {2018},
 pages = {1-13},
 volume = {00},
 websites = {https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/01431161.2018.1500072},
 publisher = {Taylor & Francis},
 id = {a9736d08-f199-3d37-8534-4c6a09b92c37},
 created = {2018-07-24T12:50:44.927Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {58d47d98-a4f4-3ac1-a79d-2d252a797376},
 last_modified = {2018-09-14T15:34:22.232Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {true},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 citation_key = {Collin2018},
 private_publication = {false},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Collin, Antoine and Ramambason, Camille and Pastol, Yves and Casella, Elisa and Rovere, Alessio and Thiault, Lauric and Espiau, Benoît and Siu, Gilles and Lerouvreur, Franck and Nakamura, Nao and Hench, James L. and Schmitt, Russell J. and Holbrook, Sally J. and Troyer, Matthias and Davies, Neil},
 doi = {10.1080/01431161.2018.1500072},
 journal = {International Journal of Remote Sensing},
 number = {00}
}

@article{
 title = {The park never born: Outcome of a quarter of a century of inaction on the sea-floor integrity of a proposed but not established Marine Protected Area},
 type = {article},
 year = {2018},
 pages = {1-20},
 websites = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/aqc.2918},
 id = {624b7505-dc8f-3a87-99c9-768827de2305},
 created = {2018-10-11T11:27:02.925Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {58d47d98-a4f4-3ac1-a79d-2d252a797376},
 last_modified = {2018-10-11T11:27:13.550Z},
 read = {true},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {true},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 citation_key = {Bianchi2018},
 private_publication = {false},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Bianchi, Carlo Nike and Cocito, Silvia and Diviacco, Giovanni and Dondi, Nicolò and Fratangeli, Francesca and Montefalcone, Monica and Parravicini, Valeriano and Rovere, Alessio and Sgorbini, Sergio and Vacchi, Matteo and Morri, Carla},
 doi = {10.1002/aqc.2918},
 journal = {Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems},
 number = {February}
}

@article{
 title = {New relative sea-level insights into the isostatic history of the Western Mediterranean},
 type = {article},
 year = {2018},
 pages = {396-408},
 volume = {201},
 websites = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0277379118300258},
 publisher = {Elsevier Ltd},
 id = {6075ddb0-1d2b-348f-90b6-d080d70acfb2},
 created = {2018-10-30T19:16:58.376Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {58d47d98-a4f4-3ac1-a79d-2d252a797376},
 last_modified = {2018-10-30T19:17:11.705Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {true},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 citation_key = {Vacchi2018},
 private_publication = {false},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Vacchi, Matteo and Ghilardi, Matthieu and Melis, Rita T. and Spada, Giorgio and Giaime, Matthieu and Marriner, Nick and Lorscheid, Thomas and Morhange, Christophe and Burjachs, Francesc and Rovere, Alessio},
 doi = {10.1016/j.quascirev.2018.10.025},
 journal = {Quaternary Science Reviews}
}

@article{
 title = {Emergence and evolution of Santa Maria Island (azores)- The conundrum of uplifted islands revisited},
 type = {article},
 year = {2017},
 pages = {372-391},
 volume = {129},
 id = {e42d5230-6d77-37c7-9eaa-4fdca61c0284},
 created = {2016-11-03T15:59:08.000Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {58d47d98-a4f4-3ac1-a79d-2d252a797376},
 last_modified = {2017-12-16T15:42:39.586Z},
 read = {true},
 starred = {true},
 authored = {true},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 citation_key = {Ramalho2016},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {The growth and decay of ocean island volcanoes is intrinsically linked to vertical movements; whilst mechanisms for subsidence are well understood, uplift mechanisms are still very enigmatic. Santa Maria Island in the Azores is an ocean island volcano with a complex evolutionary history with subsidence followed by uplift. The island emerged by surtseyan activity at approximately 6 Ma, entailing in the formation of a subaerial shield volcano that was fully developed by ~5.6 Ma. The edifice then experienced a period of intense erosion and subsidence, during which it was partially or completely truncated to a shallow submarine bank. Around 5 Ma, volcanism resumed on the eastern side of the edifice, with occasional submarine/surtseyan activity synchronous with marine deposition. By ~4.3 Ma, volcanism grew in intensity forming a new edifice centred on the eastern flank of the underlying edifice. This new volcanic edifice started as submarine and then, as it gradually grew upwards and outpaced subsidence, breached sea level and formed a new island. The new edifice kept growing eastwards and northwards until ~3.5 Ma, when volcanic activity waned. At 3.5-3.2 Ma, however, subsidence reversed to an uplift trend that extended throughout the Upper Pleistocene into the present. This uplift trend is responsible for the generation of a staircase of shore platforms on the windward side of the island, which extends up to ~230 m in elevation. The fact that an island located in very young lithosphere experienced such a pronounced uplift trend is remarkable and raises important questions concerning possible uplift mechanisms. The loading of the neighbouring island of São Miguel may account for part of the uplift, but not the majority. Vertical tectonics along the nearby Gloria Fault is not completely implausible but unlikely to be a source of significant uplift due to its dominant strike-slip character. Thus, other mechanisms need to be considered, most notably intrusions at the base of the edifice and crustal thickening, suggesting that these play a significant role even on islands standing on a young lithosphere, such as in the Azores.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Ramalho, Ricardo S. and Helffrich, George and Madeira, José and Cosca, Michael and Thomas, Christine and Quartau, Rui and Hipólito, Ana and Rovere, Alessio and Hearty, Paul J. and Ávila, Sérgio P.},
 doi = {10.1130/B31538.1},
 journal = {Bulletin of the Geological Society of America},
 number = {3-4}
}

The growth and decay of ocean island volcanoes is intrinsically linked to vertical movements; whilst mechanisms for subsidence are well understood, uplift mechanisms are still very enigmatic. Santa Maria Island in the Azores is an ocean island volcano with a complex evolutionary history with subsidence followed by uplift. The island emerged by surtseyan activity at approximately 6 Ma, entailing in the formation of a subaerial shield volcano that was fully developed by ~5.6 Ma. The edifice then experienced a period of intense erosion and subsidence, during which it was partially or completely truncated to a shallow submarine bank. Around 5 Ma, volcanism resumed on the eastern side of the edifice, with occasional submarine/surtseyan activity synchronous with marine deposition. By ~4.3 Ma, volcanism grew in intensity forming a new edifice centred on the eastern flank of the underlying edifice. This new volcanic edifice started as submarine and then, as it gradually grew upwards and outpaced subsidence, breached sea level and formed a new island. The new edifice kept growing eastwards and northwards until ~3.5 Ma, when volcanic activity waned. At 3.5-3.2 Ma, however, subsidence reversed to an uplift trend that extended throughout the Upper Pleistocene into the present. This uplift trend is responsible for the generation of a staircase of shore platforms on the windward side of the island, which extends up to ~230 m in elevation. The fact that an island located in very young lithosphere experienced such a pronounced uplift trend is remarkable and raises important questions concerning possible uplift mechanisms. The loading of the neighbouring island of São Miguel may account for part of the uplift, but not the majority. Vertical tectonics along the nearby Gloria Fault is not completely implausible but unlikely to be a source of significant uplift due to its dominant strike-slip character. Thus, other mechanisms need to be considered, most notably intrusions at the base of the edifice and crustal thickening, suggesting that these play a significant role even on islands standing on a young lithosphere, such as in the Azores.

@article{
 title = {Mapping coral reefs using consumer-grade drones and structure from motion photogrammetry techniques},
 type = {article},
 year = {2017},
 keywords = {Bathymetry from drones,Bathymetry from photogrammetry,Coral reefs,Drone mapping,Structure from motion underwater},
 pages = {269-275},
 volume = {36},
 websites = {http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s00338-016-1522-0},
 publisher = {Springer Berlin Heidelberg},
 id = {ecd45692-d1da-39cd-bba9-e28be050349a},
 created = {2016-12-01T16:20:34.000Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {58d47d98-a4f4-3ac1-a79d-2d252a797376},
 last_modified = {2017-12-16T15:42:40.441Z},
 read = {true},
 starred = {true},
 authored = {true},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 citation_key = {Casella2016},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {We propose a novel technique to measure the small-scale three-dimensional features of a shallow-water coral reef using a small drone equipped with a consumer-grade camera, a handheld GPS and structure from motion (SfM) algorithms. We used a GoPro HERO4 with a modified lens mounted on a DJI Phantom 2 drone (maximum total take-off weight <2 kg) to perform a 10 min flight and collect 306 aerial images with an overlap equal or greater than 90%. We mapped an area of 8380 m2, obtaining as output an ortho-rectified aerial photomosaic and a bathymetric digital elevation model (DEM) with a resolution of 0.78 and 1.56 cm pixel−1, respectively. Through comparison with airborne LiDAR data for the same area, we verified that the location of the ortho-rectified aerial photomosaic is accurate within ~1.4 m. The bathymetric difference between our DEM and the LiDAR dataset is −0.016 ± 0.45 m (1σ). Our results show that it is possible, in conditions of calm waters, low winds and minimal sun glint, to deploy consumer-grade drones as a relatively low-cost and rapid survey technique to produce multispectral and bathymetric data on shallow-water coral reefs. We discuss the utility of such data to monitor temporal changes in topographic complexity of reefs and associated biological processes.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Casella, Elisa and Collin, Antoine and Harris, Daniel and Ferse, Sebastian and Bejarano, Sonia and Parravicini, Valeriano and Hench, James L. and Rovere, Alessio},
 doi = {10.1007/s00338-016-1522-0},
 journal = {Coral Reefs},
 number = {1}
}

We propose a novel technique to measure the small-scale three-dimensional features of a shallow-water coral reef using a small drone equipped with a consumer-grade camera, a handheld GPS and structure from motion (SfM) algorithms. We used a GoPro HERO4 with a modified lens mounted on a DJI Phantom 2 drone (maximum total take-off weight <2 kg) to perform a 10 min flight and collect 306 aerial images with an overlap equal or greater than 90%. We mapped an area of 8380 m2, obtaining as output an ortho-rectified aerial photomosaic and a bathymetric digital elevation model (DEM) with a resolution of 0.78 and 1.56 cm pixel−1, respectively. Through comparison with airborne LiDAR data for the same area, we verified that the location of the ortho-rectified aerial photomosaic is accurate within ~1.4 m. The bathymetric difference between our DEM and the LiDAR dataset is −0.016 ± 0.45 m (1σ). Our results show that it is possible, in conditions of calm waters, low winds and minimal sun glint, to deploy consumer-grade drones as a relatively low-cost and rapid survey technique to produce multispectral and bathymetric data on shallow-water coral reefs. We discuss the utility of such data to monitor temporal changes in topographic complexity of reefs and associated biological processes.

@article{
 title = {Paleo sea-level changes and relative sea-level indicators: Precise measurements, indicative meaning and glacial isostatic adjustment perspectives from Mallorca (Western Mediterranean)},
 type = {article},
 year = {2017},
 keywords = {Beach deposits,Last interglacial,MIS 5e,Morphodynamic modelling},
 pages = {94-107},
 volume = {473},
 websites = {http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0031018216303753},
 publisher = {Elsevier B.V.},
 id = {2c7053ac-9bbd-35ff-9ff6-70bc54939aca},
 created = {2017-03-13T16:15:14.000Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {58d47d98-a4f4-3ac1-a79d-2d252a797376},
 last_modified = {2021-01-05T10:45:09.638Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {true},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 citation_key = {Lorscheid2017},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {Paleo relative sea-level (RSL) indicators formed during the Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 5e have been reported by a large number of studies worldwide. Despite this, three main aspects are seldom reported: (1) use of high-precision survey techniques applied to MIS 5e RSL indicators; (2) application of modern analogs to understand the indicative meaning of MIS 5e RSL indicators; (3) estimates of the effects of glacial isostatic adjustment (GIA) on the MIS 5e records. In this study, we show how the three points above have been addressed in a focused study on Last Interglacial outcrops on the island of Mallorca. We measured the elevation of several RSL indicators with high-accuracy differential GPS (vertical accuracies down to 0.1 m) and we established the relationship between each RSL indicator and the paleo sea level through calculation of the indicative meaning for each RSL indicator. In particular, we present a novel technique to calculate the indicative meaning of fossil beach deposits with a phase-averaged morphodynamic model (CSHORE). We show how this approach helps overcoming difficulties with the survey of the modern analogs for these indicators. Our results show that two paleo RSLs are imprinted in Mallorca at + 2.9 ± 0.8 m and + 11.3 ± 1.0 m. We then compare our field-based results with modelled paleo RSL, calculated from the predictions of the ice-earth coupled ANICE-SELEN model, using few different ice-sheet melting scenarios during MIS 5e. We conclude that indicative ranges can be derived from relatively simple morphodynamic models and that the comparison of field-derived and modelled RSL values is a good method to validate possible scenarios of MIS 5e sea-level variability, especially in absence of precise dating.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Lorscheid, Thomas and Stocchi, Paolo and Casella, Elisa and Gómez-Pujol, Lluis and Vacchi, Matteo and Mann, Thomas and Rovere, Alessio},
 doi = {10.1016/j.palaeo.2017.02.028},
 journal = {Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology}
}

Paleo relative sea-level (RSL) indicators formed during the Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 5e have been reported by a large number of studies worldwide. Despite this, three main aspects are seldom reported: (1) use of high-precision survey techniques applied to MIS 5e RSL indicators; (2) application of modern analogs to understand the indicative meaning of MIS 5e RSL indicators; (3) estimates of the effects of glacial isostatic adjustment (GIA) on the MIS 5e records. In this study, we show how the three points above have been addressed in a focused study on Last Interglacial outcrops on the island of Mallorca. We measured the elevation of several RSL indicators with high-accuracy differential GPS (vertical accuracies down to 0.1 m) and we established the relationship between each RSL indicator and the paleo sea level through calculation of the indicative meaning for each RSL indicator. In particular, we present a novel technique to calculate the indicative meaning of fossil beach deposits with a phase-averaged morphodynamic model (CSHORE). We show how this approach helps overcoming difficulties with the survey of the modern analogs for these indicators. Our results show that two paleo RSLs are imprinted in Mallorca at + 2.9 ± 0.8 m and + 11.3 ± 1.0 m. We then compare our field-based results with modelled paleo RSL, calculated from the predictions of the ice-earth coupled ANICE-SELEN model, using few different ice-sheet melting scenarios during MIS 5e. We conclude that indicative ranges can be derived from relatively simple morphodynamic models and that the comparison of field-derived and modelled RSL values is a good method to validate possible scenarios of MIS 5e sea-level variability, especially in absence of precise dating.

@article{
 title = {Detection of a dynamic topography signal in last interglacial sea-level records},
 type = {article},
 year = {2017},
 pages = {e1700457},
 volume = {3},
 websites = {http://advances.sciencemag.org/lookup/doi/10.1126/sciadv.1700457},
 id = {f79431ca-46cd-3389-bae1-942b0f3f38b5},
 created = {2017-06-01T08:55:15.636Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {58d47d98-a4f4-3ac1-a79d-2d252a797376},
 last_modified = {2018-02-02T20:26:22.294Z},
 read = {true},
 starred = {true},
 authored = {true},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 citation_key = {austermann2017detection},
 source_type = {inproceedings},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {Estimating minimum ice volume during the last interglacial based on local sea-level indicators requires that these indicators are corrected for processes that alter local sea level relative to the global average. Although glacial isostatic adjustment is generally accounted for, global scale dynamic changes in topography driven by convective mantle flow are generally not considered. We use numerical models of mantle flow to quantify vertical deflections caused by dynamic topography and compare predictions at passive margins to a globally distributed set of last interglacial sea-level markers. The deflections predicted as a result of dynamic topography are significantly correlated with marker elevations (>95% probability) and are consistent with construction and preservation attributes across marker types. We conclude that a dynamic topography signal is present in the elevation of last interglacial sea-level records and that the signal must be accounted for in any effort to determine peak global mean sea level during the last interglacial to within an accuracy of several meters.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Austermann, Jacqueline and Mitrovica, Jerry X and Huybers, Peter and Rovere, Alessio},
 doi = {10.1126/sciadv.1700457},
 journal = {Science Advances},
 number = {7}
}

Estimating minimum ice volume during the last interglacial based on local sea-level indicators requires that these indicators are corrected for processes that alter local sea level relative to the global average. Although glacial isostatic adjustment is generally accounted for, global scale dynamic changes in topography driven by convective mantle flow are generally not considered. We use numerical models of mantle flow to quantify vertical deflections caused by dynamic topography and compare predictions at passive margins to a globally distributed set of last interglacial sea-level markers. The deflections predicted as a result of dynamic topography are significantly correlated with marker elevations (>95% probability) and are consistent with construction and preservation attributes across marker types. We conclude that a dynamic topography signal is present in the elevation of last interglacial sea-level records and that the signal must be accounted for in any effort to determine peak global mean sea level during the last interglacial to within an accuracy of several meters.

@article{
 title = {Late Quaternary sea-level changes and early human societies in the central and eastern Mediterranean Basin: An interdisciplinary review},
 type = {article},
 year = {2017},
 keywords = {Holocene,Mediterranean Archaeology,Pleistocene,Sea-level change},
 pages = {29-57},
 volume = {449},
 websites = {http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1040618216310928,http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.quaint.2017.06.025},
 publisher = {Elsevier Ltd},
 id = {cb037fa9-85c3-3097-a393-bdc6ec080b55},
 created = {2017-10-25T08:17:10.734Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {58d47d98-a4f4-3ac1-a79d-2d252a797376},
 last_modified = {2017-12-16T15:42:39.140Z},
 read = {true},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {true},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 citation_key = {Benjamin2017},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {This article reviews key data and debates focused on relative sea-level changes since the Last Interglacial (approximately the last 132,000 years) in the Mediterranean Basin, and their implications for past human populations. Geological and geomorphological landscape studies are critical to archaeology. Coastal regions provide a wide range of resources to the populations that inhabit them. Coastal landscapes are increasingly the focus of scholarly discussions from the earliest exploitation of littoral resources and early hominin cognition, to the inundation of the earliest permanently settled fishing villages and eventually, formative centres of urbanisation. In the Mediterranean, these would become hubs of maritime transportation that gave rise to the roots of modern seaborne trade. As such, this article represents an original review of both the geo-scientific and archaeological data that specifically relate to sea-level changes and resulting impacts on both physical and cultural landscapes from the Palaeolithic until the emergence of the Classical periods. Our review highlights that the interdisciplinary links between coastal archaeology, geomorphology and sea-level changes are important to explain environmental impacts on coastal human societies and human migration. We review geological indicators of sea level and outline how archaeological features are commonly used as proxies for measuring past sea levels, both gradual changes and catastrophic events. We argue that coastal archaeologists should, as a part of their analyses, incorporate important sea-level concepts, such as indicative meaning. The interpretation of the indicative meaning of Roman fishtanks, for example, plays a critical role in reconstructions of late Holocene Mediterranean sea levels. We identify avenues for future work, which include the consideration of glacial isostatic adjustment (GIA) in addition to coastal tectonics to explain vertical movements of coastlines, more research on Palaeolithic island colonisation, broadening of Palaeolithic studies to include materials from the entire coastal landscape and not just coastal resources, a focus on rescue of archaeological sites under threat by coastal change, and expansion of underwater archaeological explorations in combination with submarine geomorphology. This article presents a collaborative synthesis of data, some of which have been collected and analysed by the authors, as the MEDFLOOD (MEDiterranean sea-level change and projection for future FLOODing) community, and highlights key sites, data, concepts and ongoing debates.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Benjamin, J. and Rovere, A. and Fontana, A. and Furlani, S. and Vacchi, M. and Inglis, R.H. H. and Galili, E. and Antonioli, F. and Sivan, D. and Miko, S. and Mourtzas, N. and Felja, I. and Meredith-Williams, M. and Goodman-Tchernov, B. and Kolaiti, E. and Anzidei, M. and Gehrels, R.},
 doi = {10.1016/j.quaint.2017.06.025},
 journal = {Quaternary International}
}

This article reviews key data and debates focused on relative sea-level changes since the Last Interglacial (approximately the last 132,000 years) in the Mediterranean Basin, and their implications for past human populations. Geological and geomorphological landscape studies are critical to archaeology. Coastal regions provide a wide range of resources to the populations that inhabit them. Coastal landscapes are increasingly the focus of scholarly discussions from the earliest exploitation of littoral resources and early hominin cognition, to the inundation of the earliest permanently settled fishing villages and eventually, formative centres of urbanisation. In the Mediterranean, these would become hubs of maritime transportation that gave rise to the roots of modern seaborne trade. As such, this article represents an original review of both the geo-scientific and archaeological data that specifically relate to sea-level changes and resulting impacts on both physical and cultural landscapes from the Palaeolithic until the emergence of the Classical periods. Our review highlights that the interdisciplinary links between coastal archaeology, geomorphology and sea-level changes are important to explain environmental impacts on coastal human societies and human migration. We review geological indicators of sea level and outline how archaeological features are commonly used as proxies for measuring past sea levels, both gradual changes and catastrophic events. We argue that coastal archaeologists should, as a part of their analyses, incorporate important sea-level concepts, such as indicative meaning. The interpretation of the indicative meaning of Roman fishtanks, for example, plays a critical role in reconstructions of late Holocene Mediterranean sea levels. We identify avenues for future work, which include the consideration of glacial isostatic adjustment (GIA) in addition to coastal tectonics to explain vertical movements of coastlines, more research on Palaeolithic island colonisation, broadening of Palaeolithic studies to include materials from the entire coastal landscape and not just coastal resources, a focus on rescue of archaeological sites under threat by coastal change, and expansion of underwater archaeological explorations in combination with submarine geomorphology. This article presents a collaborative synthesis of data, some of which have been collected and analysed by the authors, as the MEDFLOOD (MEDiterranean sea-level change and projection for future FLOODing) community, and highlights key sites, data, concepts and ongoing debates.

@article{
 title = {Giant boulders and Last Interglacial storm intensity in the North Atlantic},
 type = {article},
 year = {2017},
 keywords = {Eemian,Last Interglacial,climate change,extreme waves,superstorms},
 pages = {201712433},
 volume = {114},
 websites = {http://www.pnas.org/lookup/doi/10.1073/pnas.1712433114},
 month = {10},
 publisher = {National Academy of Sciences},
 day = {30},
 id = {7a3dfd18-0a4c-3c80-8774-5ba2c0981176},
 created = {2017-11-10T22:20:34.015Z},
 accessed = {2017-11-10},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {58d47d98-a4f4-3ac1-a79d-2d252a797376},
 last_modified = {2018-09-20T19:36:54.733Z},
 read = {true},
 starred = {true},
 authored = {true},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 citation_key = {Rovere2017},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {As global climate warms and sea level rises, coastal areas will be subject to more frequent extreme flooding and hurricanes. Geologic evidence for extreme coastal storms during past warm periods has the potential to provide fundamental insights into their future intensity. Recent studies argue that during the Last Interglacial (MIS 5e, ∼128-116 ka) tropical and extratropical North Atlantic cyclones may have been more intense than at present, and may have produced waves larger than those observed historically. Such strong swells are inferred to have created a number of geologic features that can be observed today along the coastlines of Bermuda and the Bahamas. In this paper, we investigate the most iconic among these features: massive boulders atop a cliff in North Eleuthera, Bahamas. We combine geologic field surveys, wave models, and boulder transport equations to test the hypothesis that such boulders must have been emplaced by storms of greater-than-historical intensity. By contrast, our results suggest that with the higher relative sea level (RSL) estimated for the Bahamas during MIS 5e, boulders of this size could have been transported by waves generated by storms of historical intensity. Thus, while the megaboulders of Eleuthera cannot be used as geologic proof for past "superstorms," they do show that with rising sea levels, cliffs and coastal barriers will be subject to significantly greater erosional energy, even without changes in storm intensity.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Rovere, Alessio and Casella, Elisa and Harris, Daniel L. and Lorscheid, Thomas and Nandasena, Napayalage A. K. and Dyer, Blake and Sandstrom, Michael R. and Stocchi, Paolo and D’Andrea, William J. and Raymo, Maureen E.},
 doi = {10.1073/pnas.1712433114},
 journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences},
 number = {46}
}

As global climate warms and sea level rises, coastal areas will be subject to more frequent extreme flooding and hurricanes. Geologic evidence for extreme coastal storms during past warm periods has the potential to provide fundamental insights into their future intensity. Recent studies argue that during the Last Interglacial (MIS 5e, ∼128-116 ka) tropical and extratropical North Atlantic cyclones may have been more intense than at present, and may have produced waves larger than those observed historically. Such strong swells are inferred to have created a number of geologic features that can be observed today along the coastlines of Bermuda and the Bahamas. In this paper, we investigate the most iconic among these features: massive boulders atop a cliff in North Eleuthera, Bahamas. We combine geologic field surveys, wave models, and boulder transport equations to test the hypothesis that such boulders must have been emplaced by storms of greater-than-historical intensity. By contrast, our results suggest that with the higher relative sea level (RSL) estimated for the Bahamas during MIS 5e, boulders of this size could have been transported by waves generated by storms of historical intensity. Thus, while the megaboulders of Eleuthera cannot be used as geologic proof for past "superstorms," they do show that with rising sea levels, cliffs and coastal barriers will be subject to significantly greater erosional energy, even without changes in storm intensity.

@article{
 title = {Tides in the Last Interglacial: Insights from notch geometry and palaeo tidal models in Bonaire, Netherland Antilles},
 type = {article},
 year = {2017},
 pages = {1-9},
 volume = {7},
 websites = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-16285-6},
 publisher = {Springer US},
 id = {08ac4717-e30e-3184-bcef-060388ad1d75},
 created = {2018-02-02T20:26:22.020Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {58d47d98-a4f4-3ac1-a79d-2d252a797376},
 last_modified = {2019-12-03T11:05:16.388Z},
 read = {true},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {true},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 citation_key = {Lorscheid2017a},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {The study of past sea levels relies largely on the interpretation of sea-level indicators. Palaeo tidal notches are considered as one of the most precise sea-level indicators as their formation is closely tied to the local tidal range. We present geometric measurements of modern and palaeo (Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 5e) tidal notches on Bonaire (southern Caribbean Sea) and results from two tidal simulations, using the present-day bathymetry and a palaeo-bathymetry. We use these two tools to investigate changes in the tidal range since MIS 5e. Our models show that the tidal range changes most significantly in shallow areas, whereas both, notch geometry and models results, suggest that steeper continental shelves, such as the ones bordering the island of Bonaire, are less affected to changes in tidal range in conditions of MIS 5e sea levels. We use our data and results to discuss the importance of considering changes in tidal range while reconstructing MIS 5e sea level histories, and we remark that it is possible to use hydrodynamic modelling and notch geometry as first-order proxies to assess whether, in a particular area, tidal range might have been different in MIS 5e with respect to today. Fossil},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Lorscheid, Thomas and Felis, Thomas and Stocchi, Paolo and Obert, J.C. Christina and Scholz, Denis and Rovere, Alessio},
 doi = {10.1038/s41598-017-16285-6},
 journal = {Scientific Reports},
 number = {1}
}

The study of past sea levels relies largely on the interpretation of sea-level indicators. Palaeo tidal notches are considered as one of the most precise sea-level indicators as their formation is closely tied to the local tidal range. We present geometric measurements of modern and palaeo (Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 5e) tidal notches on Bonaire (southern Caribbean Sea) and results from two tidal simulations, using the present-day bathymetry and a palaeo-bathymetry. We use these two tools to investigate changes in the tidal range since MIS 5e. Our models show that the tidal range changes most significantly in shallow areas, whereas both, notch geometry and models results, suggest that steeper continental shelves, such as the ones bordering the island of Bonaire, are less affected to changes in tidal range in conditions of MIS 5e sea levels. We use our data and results to discuss the importance of considering changes in tidal range while reconstructing MIS 5e sea level histories, and we remark that it is possible to use hydrodynamic modelling and notch geometry as first-order proxies to assess whether, in a particular area, tidal range might have been different in MIS 5e with respect to today. Fossil

@article{
 title = {Palaeo-sea-level and palaeo-ice-sheet databases: problems, strategies, and perspectives},
 type = {article},
 year = {2016},
 pages = {911-921},
 volume = {12},
 websites = {http://www.clim-past.net/12/911/2016/},
 id = {64444623-4151-31fb-acbf-0ea9adcc7674},
 created = {2016-05-11T12:13:33.000Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {58d47d98-a4f4-3ac1-a79d-2d252a797376},
 last_modified = {2017-04-18T09:12:47.560Z},
 read = {true},
 starred = {true},
 authored = {true},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 citation_key = {Dusterhus2016},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {<p>Sea-level and ice-sheet databases have driven numerous advances in understanding the Earth system. We describe the challenges and offer best strategies that can be adopted to build self-consistent and standardised databases of geological and geochemical information used to archive palaeo-sea-levels and palaeo-ice-sheets. There are three phases in the development of a database: (i) measurement, (ii) interpretation, and (iii) database creation. Measurement should include the objective description of the position and age of a sample, description of associated geological features, and quantification of uncertainties. Interpretation of the sample may have a subjective component, but it should always include uncertainties and alternative or contrasting interpretations, with any exclusion of existing interpretations requiring a full justification. During the creation of a database, an approach based on accessibility, transparency, trust, availability, continuity, completeness, and communication of content (ATTAC<sup>3</sup>) must be adopted. It is essential to consider the community that creates and benefits from a database. We conclude that funding agencies should not only consider the creation of original data in specific research-question-oriented projects, but also include the possibility of using part of the funding for IT-related and database creation tasks, which are essential to guarantee accessibility and maintenance of the collected data.</p>},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Düsterhus, André and Rovere, Alessio and Carlson, Anders E. and Horton, Benjamin P. and Klemann, Volker and Tarasov, Lev and Barlow, Natasha L. M. and Bradwell, Tom and Clark, Jorie and Dutton, Andrea and Gehrels, W. Roland and Hibbert, Fiona D. and Hijma, Marc P. and Khan, Nicole and Kopp, Robert E. and Sivan, Dorit and Törnqvist, Torbjörn E.},
 doi = {10.5194/cp-12-911-2016},
 journal = {Climate of the Past},
 number = {4}
}

Sea-level and ice-sheet databases have driven numerous advances in understanding the Earth system. We describe the challenges and offer best strategies that can be adopted to build self-consistent and standardised databases of geological and geochemical information used to archive palaeo-sea-levels and palaeo-ice-sheets. There are three phases in the development of a database: (i) measurement, (ii) interpretation, and (iii) database creation. Measurement should include the objective description of the position and age of a sample, description of associated geological features, and quantification of uncertainties. Interpretation of the sample may have a subjective component, but it should always include uncertainties and alternative or contrasting interpretations, with any exclusion of existing interpretations requiring a full justification. During the creation of a database, an approach based on accessibility, transparency, trust, availability, continuity, completeness, and communication of content (ATTAC³) must be adopted. It is essential to consider the community that creates and benefits from a database. We conclude that funding agencies should not only consider the creation of original data in specific research-question-oriented projects, but also include the possibility of using part of the funding for IT-related and database creation tasks, which are essential to guarantee accessibility and maintenance of the collected data.

@article{
 title = {Drones as tools for monitoring beach topography changes in the Ligurian Sea (NW Mediterranean)},
 type = {article},
 year = {2016},
 pages = {151-163},
 volume = {36},
 id = {330bbb4d-ac28-3d4b-baf3-7bdd22543a4e},
 created = {2016-05-14T12:51:41.000Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {58d47d98-a4f4-3ac1-a79d-2d252a797376},
 last_modified = {2017-03-14T06:46:41.640Z},
 read = {true},
 starred = {true},
 authored = {true},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 citation_key = {Casella},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {The aim of this study was to evaluate topographic changes along a stretch of coastline in the Municipality of Borghetto Santo Spirito (Region of Liguria, Italy, north-western Mediterranean) by means of a remotely piloted aircraft system coupled with structure from motion and multi-view stereo techniques. This sector was surveyed three times over 5 months in the fall–winter of 2013–2014 (1 November 2013, 4 December 2013, 17 March 2014) to obtain digital elevation models and orthophotos of the beach. Changes in beach topography associated with storm action and human activities were assessed in terms of gain/loss of sediments and shifting of the wet–dry boundary defining the shoreline. Between the first and second surveys, the study area was hit by two storms (10–11 November 2013 and 21–22 November 2013) with waves approaching from the E–NNE, causing a shoreline retreat which, in some sectors, reached 7 m. Between the second and third surveys, by contrast, four storms (25–27 December 2013, 5–6 January 2014, 17–18 January 2014 and 6–10 February 2014) with waves propagating from the SE produced a general advancement of the shoreline (up to ~5 m) by deposition of sediments along some parts of the beach. The data also reflect changes in beach topography due to human activity during the 2013 fall season, when private beach managers quarried ~178 m3 of sediments on the emerged beach near the shoreline to accumulate them landwards. The results show that drones can be used for regular beach monitoring activities, and that they can provide new insights into the processes related to natural and/or human-related topographic beach changes.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Casella, Elisa and Rovere, Alessio and Pedroncini, Andrea and Stark, Colin P. and Casella, Marco and Ferrari, Marco and Firpo, Marco},
 doi = {10.1007/s00367-016-0435-9},
 journal = {Geo-Marine Letters},
 number = {2}
}

The aim of this study was to evaluate topographic changes along a stretch of coastline in the Municipality of Borghetto Santo Spirito (Region of Liguria, Italy, north-western Mediterranean) by means of a remotely piloted aircraft system coupled with structure from motion and multi-view stereo techniques. This sector was surveyed three times over 5 months in the fall–winter of 2013–2014 (1 November 2013, 4 December 2013, 17 March 2014) to obtain digital elevation models and orthophotos of the beach. Changes in beach topography associated with storm action and human activities were assessed in terms of gain/loss of sediments and shifting of the wet–dry boundary defining the shoreline. Between the first and second surveys, the study area was hit by two storms (10–11 November 2013 and 21–22 November 2013) with waves approaching from the E–NNE, causing a shoreline retreat which, in some sectors, reached 7 m. Between the second and third surveys, by contrast, four storms (25–27 December 2013, 5–6 January 2014, 17–18 January 2014 and 6–10 February 2014) with waves propagating from the SE produced a general advancement of the shoreline (up to ~5 m) by deposition of sediments along some parts of the beach. The data also reflect changes in beach topography due to human activity during the 2013 fall season, when private beach managers quarried ~178 m3 of sediments on the emerged beach near the shoreline to accumulate them landwards. The results show that drones can be used for regular beach monitoring activities, and that they can provide new insights into the processes related to natural and/or human-related topographic beach changes.

@article{
 title = {Budget of Primary Production and Dinitrogen Fixation in a Highly Seasonal Red Sea Coral Reef},
 type = {article},
 year = {2016},
 keywords = {Biogeochemical cycling,Diazotrophy,Gulf of Aqaba,Nutrient budget,Photosynthesis,Productivity},
 pages = {771-785},
 volume = {19},
 id = {6dae4e23-9428-3fa2-a168-7ee1cc5e050f},
 created = {2016-05-15T07:01:58.000Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {58d47d98-a4f4-3ac1-a79d-2d252a797376},
 last_modified = {2017-12-16T15:42:41.240Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {true},
 authored = {true},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 citation_key = {Cardini},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {Biological dinitrogen (N2) fixation (diazotrophy, BNF) relieves marine primary producers of nitrogen (N) limitation in a large part of the world oceans. N concentrations are particularly low in tropical regions where coral reefs are located, and N is therefore a key limiting nutrient for these productive ecosystems. In this context, the importance of diazotrophy for reef productivity is still not resolved, with studies up to now lacking organismal and seasonal resolution. Here, we present a budget of gross primary production (GPP) and BNF for a highly seasonal Red Sea fringing reef, based on ecophysiological and benthic cover measurements combined with geospatial analyses. Benthic GPP varied from 215 to 262 mmol C m -2 reef d-1, with hard corals making the largest contribution (41-76%). Diazotrophy was omnipresent in space and time, and benthic BNF varied from 0.16 to 0.92 mmol N m-2 reef d-1. Planktonic GPP and BNF rates were respectively approximately 60- and 20-fold lower than those of the benthos, emphasizing the importance of the benthic compartment in reef biogeochemical cycling. BNF showed higher sensitivity to seasonality than GPP, implying greater climatic control on reef BNF. Up to about 20% of net reef primary production could be supported by BNF during summer, suggesting a strong biogeochemical coupling between diazotrophy and the reef carbon cycle. Details},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Cardini, Ulisse and Bednarz, Vanessa N. and van Hoytema, Nanne and Rovere, Alessio and Naumann, Malik S. and Al-Rshaidat, Mamoon M.D. and Wild, Christian},
 doi = {10.1007/s10021-016-9966-1},
 journal = {Ecosystems},
 number = {5}
}

Biological dinitrogen (N2) fixation (diazotrophy, BNF) relieves marine primary producers of nitrogen (N) limitation in a large part of the world oceans. N concentrations are particularly low in tropical regions where coral reefs are located, and N is therefore a key limiting nutrient for these productive ecosystems. In this context, the importance of diazotrophy for reef productivity is still not resolved, with studies up to now lacking organismal and seasonal resolution. Here, we present a budget of gross primary production (GPP) and BNF for a highly seasonal Red Sea fringing reef, based on ecophysiological and benthic cover measurements combined with geospatial analyses. Benthic GPP varied from 215 to 262 mmol C m -2 reef d-1, with hard corals making the largest contribution (41-76%). Diazotrophy was omnipresent in space and time, and benthic BNF varied from 0.16 to 0.92 mmol N m-2 reef d-1. Planktonic GPP and BNF rates were respectively approximately 60- and 20-fold lower than those of the benthos, emphasizing the importance of the benthic compartment in reef biogeochemical cycling. BNF showed higher sensitivity to seasonality than GPP, implying greater climatic control on reef BNF. Up to about 20% of net reef primary production could be supported by BNF during summer, suggesting a strong biogeochemical coupling between diazotrophy and the reef carbon cycle. Details

@article{
 title = {The magnitude of a mid-Holocene sea-level highstand in the Strait of Makassar},
 type = {article},
 year = {2016},
 keywords = {Glacial isostatic adjustment,Indo-Pacific,Spermonde Shelf,Sulawesi},
 pages = {155-163},
 volume = {257},
 websites = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0169555X15302427,http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2015.12.023},
 publisher = {Elsevier B.V.},
 id = {bdbdfd94-ef62-31bc-b3c3-038205136c47},
 created = {2017-04-18T09:12:46.682Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {58d47d98-a4f4-3ac1-a79d-2d252a797376},
 last_modified = {2017-04-18T09:17:52.762Z},
 read = {true},
 starred = {true},
 authored = {true},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 citation_key = {mann2015magnitude},
 source_type = {article},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {Knowledge on the timing and magnitude of past sea-level changes is essential to understand modern and future sea-level variability. Holocene sea-level data from literature on the west coast of Sulawesi, central Indonesia, suggest that this region experienced two relative sea-level highstands over the last 6000years, with magnitudes exceeding two meters. However, recent datasets from the Indo-Pacific region do not support high-magnitude sea-level oscillations during the Holocene in tectonically stable far-field locations. Here we present a new, high-precision, mid-Holocene sea-level dataset from the Spermonde Shelf off southwest Sulawesi. We surveyed 21 fossil microatolls on the reef flats of two coral islands (Pulau Panambungan and Pulau Barrang Lompo) and referred their elevations to local mean sea level and to the height of living coral. Radiometrically calibrated ages from emergent fossil microatolls on Pulau Panambungan indicate a relative sea-level highstand not exceeding 0.5m above present at ca. 5600cal.yrBP. The highstand is followed by a relatively rapid sea-level fall towards present sea level that was reached at around 4000cal.yrBP. Fossil microatolls from nearby Pulau Barrang Lompo show the same trend, however with a coherent negative vertical offset of about 0.8m compared to their equivalents on Pulau Panambungan. The largely consistent gradients of both trends (~−0.14mmyr−1), the consistent elevation of living microatolls in the Spermonde, and a number of instructive geomorphic features indicate a localized, post-formational and probably recent drop of the fossil microatolls on the densely populated island Pulau Barrang Lompo. The relative sea-level trend inferred from Pulau Panambungan is well within the range of geophysical predictions based on ANICE-SELEN ice sheet model, which predict a highstand that is significantly lower than those predicted by other GIA models for this area. Although a complete interpretation of the Holocene sea-level history will require additional high-resolution datasets from this and surrounding territories in SE Asia, our results suggest that there was merely a single Holocene highstand in central Indonesia, the magnitude of which was substantially lower than hitherto assumed.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Mann, Thomas and Rovere, Alessio and Schöne, Tilo and Klicpera, André and Stocchi, Paolo and Lukman, Muhammad and Westphal, Hildegard},
 doi = {10.1016/j.geomorph.2015.12.023},
 journal = {Geomorphology}
}

Knowledge on the timing and magnitude of past sea-level changes is essential to understand modern and future sea-level variability. Holocene sea-level data from literature on the west coast of Sulawesi, central Indonesia, suggest that this region experienced two relative sea-level highstands over the last 6000years, with magnitudes exceeding two meters. However, recent datasets from the Indo-Pacific region do not support high-magnitude sea-level oscillations during the Holocene in tectonically stable far-field locations. Here we present a new, high-precision, mid-Holocene sea-level dataset from the Spermonde Shelf off southwest Sulawesi. We surveyed 21 fossil microatolls on the reef flats of two coral islands (Pulau Panambungan and Pulau Barrang Lompo) and referred their elevations to local mean sea level and to the height of living coral. Radiometrically calibrated ages from emergent fossil microatolls on Pulau Panambungan indicate a relative sea-level highstand not exceeding 0.5m above present at ca. 5600cal.yrBP. The highstand is followed by a relatively rapid sea-level fall towards present sea level that was reached at around 4000cal.yrBP. Fossil microatolls from nearby Pulau Barrang Lompo show the same trend, however with a coherent negative vertical offset of about 0.8m compared to their equivalents on Pulau Panambungan. The largely consistent gradients of both trends (~−0.14mmyr−1), the consistent elevation of living microatolls in the Spermonde, and a number of instructive geomorphic features indicate a localized, post-formational and probably recent drop of the fossil microatolls on the densely populated island Pulau Barrang Lompo. The relative sea-level trend inferred from Pulau Panambungan is well within the range of geophysical predictions based on ANICE-SELEN ice sheet model, which predict a highstand that is significantly lower than those predicted by other GIA models for this area. Although a complete interpretation of the Holocene sea-level history will require additional high-resolution datasets from this and surrounding territories in SE Asia, our results suggest that there was merely a single Holocene highstand in central Indonesia, the magnitude of which was substantially lower than hitherto assumed.

@article{
 title = {Eustatic and Relative Sea Level Changes},
 type = {article},
 year = {2016},
 keywords = {Eustasy,GIA,Isost,Isostasy,Relative sea level,Sea level,Sea level changes,eustasy,gia,isostasy,of the topical collection,on sea level projections,relative sea level,sea level,sea level changes,this article is part},
 pages = {221-231},
 volume = {2},
 websites = {http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s40641-016-0045-7,http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40641-016-0045-7},
 month = {12},
 publisher = {Current Climate Change Reports},
 day = {2},
 id = {cee2b3e9-d813-3620-92eb-d3f3a53601f3},
 created = {2017-04-20T12:35:25.744Z},
 accessed = {2017-04-19},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {58d47d98-a4f4-3ac1-a79d-2d252a797376},
 last_modified = {2017-04-20T12:35:36.528Z},
 read = {true},
 starred = {true},
 authored = {true},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 citation_key = {Rovere2016},
 source_type = {article},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {Sea level changes can be driven by either variations in the masses or volume of the oceans, or by changes of the land with respect to the sea surface. In the first case, a sea level change is defined `eustatic'; otherwise, it is defined `relative'. Several techniques can be used to observe changes in sea level, from satellite data to tide gauges to geological or archeological proxies. Regardless of the technique used, `eustasy' cannot be measured directly, but only calculated after perturbing factors of different origins are taken into account. In this paper, we review the meaning and main processes that contribute to eustatic and relative sea level changes, and we give an overview of the different techniques used to observe them.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Rovere, Alessio and Stocchi, Paolo and Vacchi, Matteo},
 doi = {10.1007/s40641-016-0045-7},
 journal = {Current Climate Change Reports},
 number = {4}
}

Sea level changes can be driven by either variations in the masses or volume of the oceans, or by changes of the land with respect to the sea surface. In the first case, a sea level change is defined `eustatic'; otherwise, it is defined `relative'. Several techniques can be used to observe changes in sea level, from satellite data to tide gauges to geological or archeological proxies. Regardless of the technique used, `eustasy' cannot be measured directly, but only calculated after perturbing factors of different origins are taken into account. In this paper, we review the meaning and main processes that contribute to eustatic and relative sea level changes, and we give an overview of the different techniques used to observe them.

@article{
 title = {Multiproxy assessment of Holocene relative sea-level changes in the western Mediterranean: variability in the sea-level histories and redefinition of the isostatic signal.},
 type = {article},
 year = {2016},
 keywords = {Holocene,Isostatic adjustment,Mediterranean Sea,Sea-level database,Sea-level proxy},
 pages = {172-197},
 volume = {155},
 websites = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2016.02.002},
 publisher = {Elsevier B.V.},
 city = {Vienna, AT},
 id = {a1f678ec-a961-38ab-9fc0-cf7656a03e03},
 created = {2018-02-03T12:42:09.634Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {58d47d98-a4f4-3ac1-a79d-2d252a797376},
 last_modified = {2018-02-03T12:42:54.572Z},
 read = {true},
 starred = {true},
 authored = {true},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 citation_key = {Vacchi},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {A review of 917 relative sea-level (RSL) data-points has resulted in the first quality-controlled database constraining the Holocene sea-level histories of the western Mediterranean Sea (Spain, France, Italy, Slovenia, Croatia, Malta and Tunisia). We reviewed and standardized the geological RSL data-points using a new multi-proxy methodology based on: (1) modern taxa assemblages in Mediterranean lagoons and marshes; (2) beachrock characteristics (cement fabric and chemistry, sedimentary structures); and (3) the modern distribution of Mediterranean fixed biological indicators. These RSL data-points were coupled with the large number of archaeological RSL indicators available for the western Mediterranean. We assessed the spatial variability of RSL histories for 22 regions and compared these with the ICE-5G (VM2) GIA model. In the western Mediterranean, RSL rose continuously for the whole Holocene with a sudden slowdown at ~. 7.5 ka BP and a further deceleration during the last ~. 4.0 ka BP, after which time observed RSL changes are mainly related to variability in isostatic adjustment. The sole exception is southern Tunisia, where data show evidence of a mid-Holocene high-stand compatible with the isostatic impacts of the melting history of the remote Antarctic ice sheet.Our results indicate that late-Holocene sea-level rise was significantly slower than the current one. First estimates of GIA contribution indicate that, at least in the northwestern sector, it accounts at least for the 25-30% of the ongoing sea-level rise recorded by Mediterranean tidal gauges. Such contribution is less constrained at lower latitudes due to the lower quality of the late Holocene index points. Future applications of spatio-temporal statistical techniques are required to better quantify the gradient of the isostatic contribution and to provide improved context for the assessment of 20th century acceleration of Mediterranean sea-level rise.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Vacchi, Matteo and Marriner, Nick and Morhange, Christophe and Spada, Giorgio and Fontana, Alessandro and Rovere, Alessio and Marriner, Nick and Morhange, Christophe and Spada, Giorgio and Fontana, Alessandro},
 doi = {10.1016/j.earscirev.2016.02.002},
 journal = {Earth Science Reviews}
}

A review of 917 relative sea-level (RSL) data-points has resulted in the first quality-controlled database constraining the Holocene sea-level histories of the western Mediterranean Sea (Spain, France, Italy, Slovenia, Croatia, Malta and Tunisia). We reviewed and standardized the geological RSL data-points using a new multi-proxy methodology based on: (1) modern taxa assemblages in Mediterranean lagoons and marshes; (2) beachrock characteristics (cement fabric and chemistry, sedimentary structures); and (3) the modern distribution of Mediterranean fixed biological indicators. These RSL data-points were coupled with the large number of archaeological RSL indicators available for the western Mediterranean. We assessed the spatial variability of RSL histories for 22 regions and compared these with the ICE-5G (VM2) GIA model. In the western Mediterranean, RSL rose continuously for the whole Holocene with a sudden slowdown at ~. 7.5 ka BP and a further deceleration during the last ~. 4.0 ka BP, after which time observed RSL changes are mainly related to variability in isostatic adjustment. The sole exception is southern Tunisia, where data show evidence of a mid-Holocene high-stand compatible with the isostatic impacts of the melting history of the remote Antarctic ice sheet.Our results indicate that late-Holocene sea-level rise was significantly slower than the current one. First estimates of GIA contribution indicate that, at least in the northwestern sector, it accounts at least for the 25-30% of the ongoing sea-level rise recorded by Mediterranean tidal gauges. Such contribution is less constrained at lower latitudes due to the lower quality of the late Holocene index points. Future applications of spatio-temporal statistical techniques are required to better quantify the gradient of the isostatic contribution and to provide improved context for the assessment of 20th century acceleration of Mediterranean sea-level rise.

@misc{
 title = {The analysis of Last Interglacial (MIS 5e) relative sea-level indicators: Reconstructing sea-level in a warmer world},
 type = {misc},
 year = {2016},
 source = {Earth-Science Reviews},
 keywords = {Ice sheets,Last Interglacial,MIS 5e,Paleo sea-level,Past sea-level changes,Sea-level marker,Sea-level reconstruction},
 pages = {404-427},
 volume = {159},
 websites = {http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0012825216301246},
 publisher = {Elsevier B.V.},
 id = {6e99e7e6-589b-33b9-a482-f5e92eb073f6},
 created = {2019-04-03T13:48:34.592Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {58d47d98-a4f4-3ac1-a79d-2d252a797376},
 last_modified = {2019-05-10T13:40:02.165Z},
 read = {true},
 starred = {true},
 authored = {true},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 citation_key = {Rovere2016a},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {The Last Interglacial (MIS 5e, 128–116 ka) is among the most studied past periods in Earth's history. The climate at that time was warmer than today, primarily due to different orbital conditions, with smaller ice sheets and higher sea-level. Field evidence for MIS 5e sea-level was reported from thousands of sites, but often paleo shorelines were measured with low-accuracy techniques and, in some cases, there are contrasting interpretations about paleo sea-level reconstructions. For this reason, large uncertainties still surround both the maximum sea-level attained as well as the pattern of sea-level change throughout MIS 5e. Such uncertainties are exacerbated by the lack of a uniform approach to measuring and interpreting the geological evidence of paleo sea-levels. In this review, we discuss the characteristics of MIS 5e field observations, and we set the basis for a standardized approach to MIS 5e paleo sea-level reconstructions, that is already successfully applied in Holocene sea-level research. Application of the standard definitions and methodologies described in this paper will enhance our ability to compare data from different research groups and different areas, in order to gain deeper insights into MIS 5e sea-level changes. Improving estimates of Last Interglacial sea-level is, in turn, a key to understanding the behavior of ice sheets in a warmer world.},
 bibtype = {misc},
 author = {Rovere, Alessio and Raymo, Maureen E. and Vacchi, Matteo and Lorscheid, Thomas and Stocchi, Paolo and Gómez-Pujol, Lluís and Harris, Daniel L. D.L. and Casella, Elisa and O'Leary, Michael J. M.J. Michael J. and Hearty, Paul J. P.J. Paul J. and O’Leary, Michael J. and Hearty, Paul J. P.J. Paul J.},
 doi = {10.1016/j.earscirev.2016.06.006}
}

The Last Interglacial (MIS 5e, 128–116 ka) is among the most studied past periods in Earth's history. The climate at that time was warmer than today, primarily due to different orbital conditions, with smaller ice sheets and higher sea-level. Field evidence for MIS 5e sea-level was reported from thousands of sites, but often paleo shorelines were measured with low-accuracy techniques and, in some cases, there are contrasting interpretations about paleo sea-level reconstructions. For this reason, large uncertainties still surround both the maximum sea-level attained as well as the pattern of sea-level change throughout MIS 5e. Such uncertainties are exacerbated by the lack of a uniform approach to measuring and interpreting the geological evidence of paleo sea-levels. In this review, we discuss the characteristics of MIS 5e field observations, and we set the basis for a standardized approach to MIS 5e paleo sea-level reconstructions, that is already successfully applied in Holocene sea-level research. Application of the standard definitions and methodologies described in this paper will enhance our ability to compare data from different research groups and different areas, in order to gain deeper insights into MIS 5e sea-level changes. Improving estimates of Last Interglacial sea-level is, in turn, a key to understanding the behavior of ice sheets in a warmer world.

@article{
 title = {Coastal and marine geomorphology between Albenga and Savona (NW Mediterranean Sea, Italy)},
 type = {article},
 year = {2015},
 keywords = {MIRAMAR,SEAMAP,SLCC},
 pages = {278-286},
 volume = {11},
 websites = {http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/17445647.2014.933134},
 month = {6},
 day = {24},
 id = {eb6b1cd4-2f68-303a-aeaf-765799d60cd4},
 created = {2014-09-15T07:18:11.000Z},
 accessed = {2014-09-15},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {58d47d98-a4f4-3ac1-a79d-2d252a797376},
 last_modified = {2018-02-03T12:46:09.154Z},
 read = {true},
 starred = {true},
 authored = {true},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 citation_key = {Rovere2014},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {In this paper, we present a map describing the main geomorphological features of the coastal and marine area between the towns of Albenga and Savona (Ligurian Sea, NW Mediterranean) corresponding to a coastal stretch of ∼40 km. To produce this map, we collated data from the literature, orthophotos, perspective photos, multibeam and side scan sonar data, and undertook direct surveys to ground truth data obtained using indirect techniques. We divided the information into nine thematic layers, including bathymetry, natural coastal types, geomorphological elements, seafloor coverage (both geological and biological), coastal and nearshore dynamics, human influence on coastal and marine environments, coastal occupation and protected areas.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Rovere, A. and Casella, E. and Vacchi, M. and Parravicini, V. and Firpo, M. and Ferrari, M. and Morri, C. and Bianchi, C. N.},
 doi = {10.1080/17445647.2014.933134},
 journal = {Journal of Maps},
 number = {2}
}

In this paper, we present a map describing the main geomorphological features of the coastal and marine area between the towns of Albenga and Savona (Ligurian Sea, NW Mediterranean) corresponding to a coastal stretch of ∼40 km. To produce this map, we collated data from the literature, orthophotos, perspective photos, multibeam and side scan sonar data, and undertook direct surveys to ground truth data obtained using indirect techniques. We divided the information into nine thematic layers, including bathymetry, natural coastal types, geomorphological elements, seafloor coverage (both geological and biological), coastal and nearshore dynamics, human influence on coastal and marine environments, coastal occupation and protected areas.

@article{
 title = {Ecological Change, Sliding Baselines and the Importance of Historical Data: Lessons from Combing Observational and Quantitative Data on a Temperate Reef Over 70 Years},
 type = {article},
 year = {2015},
 pages = {e0118581},
 volume = {10},
 websites = {http://dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0118581},
 id = {9d84520c-7cbd-3796-b748-896c1afd96d5},
 created = {2015-03-01T18:28:15.000Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {58d47d98-a4f4-3ac1-a79d-2d252a797376},
 last_modified = {2017-03-14T06:46:41.640Z},
 read = {true},
 starred = {true},
 authored = {true},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 citation_key = {Gatti2015},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {Understanding the effects of environmental change on ecosystems requires the identifica- tion of baselines that may act as reference conditions. However, the continuous change of these references challenges our ability to define the true natural status of ecosystems. The so-called sliding baseline syndrome can be overcome through the analysis of quantitative time series, which are, however, extremely rare. Here we show how combining historical quantitative data with descriptive ‘naturalistic’ information arranged in a chronological chain allows highlighting long-term trends and can be used to inform present conservation schemes.We analysed the long-term change of a coralligenous reef, a marine habitat en- demic to the Mediterranean Sea. The coralligenous assemblages of Mesco Reef (Ligurian Sea,NWMediterranean) have been studied, although discontinuously, since 1937 thus making available both detailed descriptive information and scanty quantitative data: while the former was useful to understand the natural history of the ecosystem, the analysis of the latter was of paramount importance to provide a formal measure of change over time. Epi- benthic assemblages remained comparatively stable until the 1990s, when species re- placement, invasion by alien algae, and biotic homogenisation occurred within few years, leading to a new and completely different ecosystem state. The shift experienced by the cor- alligenous assemblages of Mesco Reef was probably induced by a combination of seawa- ter warming and local human pressures, the latter mainly resulting in increased water turbidity; in turn, cumulative stress may have favoured the establishment of alien species. This study showed that the combined analysis of quantitative and descriptive historical data represent a precious knowledge to understand ecosystem trends over time and provide help to identify baselines for ecological management.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Gatti, Giulia and Bianchi, Carlo Nike and Parravicini, Valeriano and Rovere, Alessio and Peirano, Andrea and Montefalcone, Monica and Massa, Francesco and Morri, Carla},
 doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0118581},
 journal = {Plos One},
 keywords = {SLCC}
}

Understanding the effects of environmental change on ecosystems requires the identifica- tion of baselines that may act as reference conditions. However, the continuous change of these references challenges our ability to define the true natural status of ecosystems. The so-called sliding baseline syndrome can be overcome through the analysis of quantitative time series, which are, however, extremely rare. Here we show how combining historical quantitative data with descriptive ‘naturalistic’ information arranged in a chronological chain allows highlighting long-term trends and can be used to inform present conservation schemes.We analysed the long-term change of a coralligenous reef, a marine habitat en- demic to the Mediterranean Sea. The coralligenous assemblages of Mesco Reef (Ligurian Sea,NWMediterranean) have been studied, although discontinuously, since 1937 thus making available both detailed descriptive information and scanty quantitative data: while the former was useful to understand the natural history of the ecosystem, the analysis of the latter was of paramount importance to provide a formal measure of change over time. Epi- benthic assemblages remained comparatively stable until the 1990s, when species re- placement, invasion by alien algae, and biotic homogenisation occurred within few years, leading to a new and completely different ecosystem state. The shift experienced by the cor- alligenous assemblages of Mesco Reef was probably induced by a combination of seawa- ter warming and local human pressures, the latter mainly resulting in increased water turbidity; in turn, cumulative stress may have favoured the establishment of alien species. This study showed that the combined analysis of quantitative and descriptive historical data represent a precious knowledge to understand ecosystem trends over time and provide help to identify baselines for ecological management.

@article{
 title = {A review of the MIS 5e highstand deposits from Santa Maria Island (Azores, NE Atlantic): Palaeobiodiversity, palaeoecology and palaeobiogeography},
 type = {article},
 year = {2015},
 keywords = {SLCC},
 pages = {126-148},
 volume = {114},
 id = {cc4c676c-57cd-3392-bc18-781c4d9fc971},
 created = {2015-03-05T15:23:05.000Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {58d47d98-a4f4-3ac1-a79d-2d252a797376},
 last_modified = {2017-12-16T15:42:41.252Z},
 read = {true},
 starred = {true},
 authored = {true},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 citation_key = {Avila2015},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {The privileged location of Santa Maria Island (Azores archipelago) in the middle of the North Atlantic makes the fossiliferous outcrops on this island of utmost importance to gain a better understanding of how coeval living communities relate to the broader evolutionary and biogeographic history of the Atlantic basin during the late Neogene and the Quaternary. Here we focus on this island's MIS 5e fossil record, offering a comprehensive review on the palaeobiodiversity, palaeoecology and palaeobiogeography of the biota living in the mid North Atlantic during this interglacial. Several studies in oceanic islands stress the huge impact of sea level changes on insular communities. Pleistocene sea-level changes occur during the short-time events known as "Terminations" (associated to glacial/interglacial shifts) as well as with the onset of glaciations (associated to interglacial/glacial shifts). Both are responsible for extinctions and local disappearance of species, bottleneck effects and formation of new species, resulting in community structure changes. This work increases the number of fossil marine taxa reported from the Last Interglacial deposits of Santa Maria to 143 species. All the 19 new records are molluscs (13 gastropods and 6 bivalves), thus increasing the number of fossil molluscs to 136 species. Although thermophilic members of the "Senegalese" tropical fauna were found in these deposits, many of the most emblematic species (e.g., Persististrombus latus (= Strombus bubonius), Cymbula safiana, Harpa doris, Cardita senegalensis, Barbatia plicata, Ctena eburnea or Hyotissa hyotis) are absent, suggesting that they did not reach the Azores. Our results indicate that the main differences between the species composition of the MIS 5e and the present-day shallow-water Azorean communities are probably due to the dropping of sea surface temperature associated with the onset of the last glaciation, which had both direct and indirect effects on species ecology. A group of 21 thermophilic species was directly affected by the lower sea surface temperature, whereas a group of four sand-associated species was indirectly but similarly affected by the lowering of the sea level. Both groups have locally disappeared from the Azores. However, none of the extant endemic species found on the studied MIS 5e outcrops was apparently affected by the lowering SST. In contrast to the biogeographical relationships of the recent Azorean shallow marine molluscs, which are predominantly with the Mediterranean Region, Portugal and with the Madeira and Canary Islands archipelagos, the palaeobiogeographical relationships of the MIS 5e Azorean marine molluscs are mainly with Canaries and West Africa. Despite the general low similarity of the biogeographical relationships between the Azores and Cape Verde Archipelago, on both the recent and the MIS 5e analysis, this similarity is nevertheless higher for the MIS 5e mollusc assemblages, emphasizing the role of Cape Verde as an important source of warm-water species during the Last Interglacial.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Ávila, Sérgio P. and Melo, Carlos and Silva, Luís and Ramalho, Ricardo S. and Quartau, Rui and Hipólito, Ana and Cordeiro, Ricardo and Rebelo, Ana Cristina and Madeira, Patrícia and Rovere, Alessio and Hearty, Paul J. and Henriques, Diamantino and Silva, Carlos Marques da and Martins, António M.de Frias and Zazo, Caridad},
 doi = {10.1016/j.quascirev.2015.02.012},
 journal = {Quaternary Science Reviews}
}

The privileged location of Santa Maria Island (Azores archipelago) in the middle of the North Atlantic makes the fossiliferous outcrops on this island of utmost importance to gain a better understanding of how coeval living communities relate to the broader evolutionary and biogeographic history of the Atlantic basin during the late Neogene and the Quaternary. Here we focus on this island's MIS 5e fossil record, offering a comprehensive review on the palaeobiodiversity, palaeoecology and palaeobiogeography of the biota living in the mid North Atlantic during this interglacial. Several studies in oceanic islands stress the huge impact of sea level changes on insular communities. Pleistocene sea-level changes occur during the short-time events known as "Terminations" (associated to glacial/interglacial shifts) as well as with the onset of glaciations (associated to interglacial/glacial shifts). Both are responsible for extinctions and local disappearance of species, bottleneck effects and formation of new species, resulting in community structure changes. This work increases the number of fossil marine taxa reported from the Last Interglacial deposits of Santa Maria to 143 species. All the 19 new records are molluscs (13 gastropods and 6 bivalves), thus increasing the number of fossil molluscs to 136 species. Although thermophilic members of the "Senegalese" tropical fauna were found in these deposits, many of the most emblematic species (e.g., Persististrombus latus (= Strombus bubonius), Cymbula safiana, Harpa doris, Cardita senegalensis, Barbatia plicata, Ctena eburnea or Hyotissa hyotis) are absent, suggesting that they did not reach the Azores. Our results indicate that the main differences between the species composition of the MIS 5e and the present-day shallow-water Azorean communities are probably due to the dropping of sea surface temperature associated with the onset of the last glaciation, which had both direct and indirect effects on species ecology. A group of 21 thermophilic species was directly affected by the lower sea surface temperature, whereas a group of four sand-associated species was indirectly but similarly affected by the lowering of the sea level. Both groups have locally disappeared from the Azores. However, none of the extant endemic species found on the studied MIS 5e outcrops was apparently affected by the lowering SST. In contrast to the biogeographical relationships of the recent Azorean shallow marine molluscs, which are predominantly with the Mediterranean Region, Portugal and with the Madeira and Canary Islands archipelagos, the palaeobiogeographical relationships of the MIS 5e Azorean marine molluscs are mainly with Canaries and West Africa. Despite the general low similarity of the biogeographical relationships between the Azores and Cape Verde Archipelago, on both the recent and the MIS 5e analysis, this similarity is nevertheless higher for the MIS 5e mollusc assemblages, emphasizing the role of Cape Verde as an important source of warm-water species during the Last Interglacial.

@article{
 title = {Mid-Pliocene shorelines of the US Atlantic Coastal Plain — An improved elevation database with comparison to Earth model predictions},
 type = {article},
 year = {2015},
 keywords = {MEDFLOOD,PLIOMAX,SLCC},
 pages = {117-131},
 volume = {145},
 websites = {http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0012825215000355,http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84926164528&partnerID=tZOtx3y1},
 publisher = {Elsevier B.V.},
 id = {0474c743-7694-306b-89cb-d9fa32cc9c56},
 created = {2015-04-07T11:26:41.000Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {58d47d98-a4f4-3ac1-a79d-2d252a797376},
 last_modified = {2018-07-21T14:28:06.928Z},
 read = {true},
 starred = {true},
 authored = {true},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 citation_key = {Rovere2015},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {For nearly a century, the Atlantic Coastal Plain (ACP) of the United States has been the focus of studies investigating Pliocene and Pleistocene shorelines, however, the mapping of paleoshorelines was primarily done by using elevation contours on topographic maps. Here we review published geologic maps and compare them to paleoshoreline locations obtained through geomorphometric classification and satellite data. We furthermore present the results of an extensive field campaign that measured the mid-Pliocene (~. 3.3-2.9. Ma) shorelines of the Atlantic Coastal Plain using high-accuracy GPS and digital elevation models. We compare our new dataset to positions and elevations extracted from published maps and find that the extracted site information from earlier studies is prone to significant error, both in the location and, more severely, in the elevation of the paleoshoreline. We also investigate, using geophysical modeling, the origin of post-depositional displacement of the shoreline from Georgia to Virginia. In particular, we correct the elevation of our shoreline for glacial isostatic adjustment (GIA) and then compare the corrected elevation to predictions of mantle flow-induced dynamic topography (DT). While a subset of these models does reconcile the general trends in the observed elevation of the mid-Pliocene shoreline, local discrepancies persist. These discrepancies suggests that either (i) the DT and GIA models presented here do not capture the full range of uncertainty in the input parameters; and/or (ii) other influences, such as sediment loading and unloading or local fault-driven tectonics, may have contributed to post-depositional deformation of the mid-Pliocene shoreline that are not captured in the above models. In this context, our field measurements represent an important observational dataset with which to compare future generations of geodynamic models. Improvements in models for DT, GIA and other relevant processes, together with an expanded, geographically distributed set of shoreline records, will ultimately be the key to obtaining more accurate estimates of eustatic sea level not only in the mid-Pliocene but also earlier in the Cenozoic.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Rovere, Alessio and Hearty, P.J. and Austermann, J. and Mitrovica, J.X. and Gale, J. and Moucha, R. and Forte, A.M. and Raymo, M.E.},
 doi = {10.1016/j.earscirev.2015.02.007},
 journal = {Earth-Science Reviews}
}

For nearly a century, the Atlantic Coastal Plain (ACP) of the United States has been the focus of studies investigating Pliocene and Pleistocene shorelines, however, the mapping of paleoshorelines was primarily done by using elevation contours on topographic maps. Here we review published geologic maps and compare them to paleoshoreline locations obtained through geomorphometric classification and satellite data. We furthermore present the results of an extensive field campaign that measured the mid-Pliocene (~. 3.3-2.9. Ma) shorelines of the Atlantic Coastal Plain using high-accuracy GPS and digital elevation models. We compare our new dataset to positions and elevations extracted from published maps and find that the extracted site information from earlier studies is prone to significant error, both in the location and, more severely, in the elevation of the paleoshoreline. We also investigate, using geophysical modeling, the origin of post-depositional displacement of the shoreline from Georgia to Virginia. In particular, we correct the elevation of our shoreline for glacial isostatic adjustment (GIA) and then compare the corrected elevation to predictions of mantle flow-induced dynamic topography (DT). While a subset of these models does reconcile the general trends in the observed elevation of the mid-Pliocene shoreline, local discrepancies persist. These discrepancies suggests that either (i) the DT and GIA models presented here do not capture the full range of uncertainty in the input parameters; and/or (ii) other influences, such as sediment loading and unloading or local fault-driven tectonics, may have contributed to post-depositional deformation of the mid-Pliocene shoreline that are not captured in the above models. In this context, our field measurements represent an important observational dataset with which to compare future generations of geodynamic models. Improvements in models for DT, GIA and other relevant processes, together with an expanded, geographically distributed set of shoreline records, will ultimately be the key to obtaining more accurate estimates of eustatic sea level not only in the mid-Pliocene but also earlier in the Cenozoic.

@article{
 title = {Chapter 18 Fixed biological indicators},
 type = {article},
 year = {2015},
 keywords = {MEDFLOOD,PLIOMAX,SLCC},
 pages = {268-280},
 publisher = {Wiley Online Library},
 chapter = {18},
 id = {1d9eb7d9-b1cd-31e0-b38d-476d0dcd4037},
 created = {2015-04-08T14:00:51.000Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {58d47d98-a4f4-3ac1-a79d-2d252a797376},
 last_modified = {2017-12-16T15:42:41.247Z},
 read = {true},
 starred = {true},
 authored = {true},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 citation_key = {Rovere2015c},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {Fixed biological indicators are organisms that live fixed to hard substrates and their living range or the upper part of it is located near or at sea level. In this chapter, the main fixed biological indicators are described and their value as indicators of former sea levels is discussed.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Rovere, Alessio and Antonioli, Fabrizio and Bianchi, Carlo Nike},
 editor = {Shennan, Ian and Long, Antony J. and Horton, Benjamin P},
 journal = {Handbook of Sea-Level Research}
}

Fixed biological indicators are organisms that live fixed to hard substrates and their living range or the upper part of it is located near or at sea level. In this chapter, the main fixed biological indicators are described and their value as indicators of former sea levels is discussed.

@article{
 title = {Tidal notches in Mediterranean Sea: A comprehensive analysis},
 type = {article},
 year = {2015},
 keywords = {MEDFLOOD,SLCC},
 pages = {66-84},
 volume = {119},
 websites = {http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0277379115001237},
 id = {7059251d-94ac-3014-aed2-11989693531c},
 created = {2015-05-19T13:48:44.000Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {58d47d98-a4f4-3ac1-a79d-2d252a797376},
 last_modified = {2017-12-16T15:42:39.845Z},
 read = {true},
 starred = {true},
 authored = {true},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 citation_key = {Antonioli2015},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {Recent works (Evelpidou et al., 2012) suggest that the modern tidal notch is disappearing worldwide due sea level rise over the last century. In order to assess this hypothesis, we measured modern tidal notches in several of sites along the Mediterranean coasts. We report observations on tidal notches cut along carbonate coasts from 73 sites from Italy, France, Croatia, Montenegro, Greece, Malta and Spain, plus additional observations carried outside the Mediterranean. At each site, we measured notch width and depth, and we described the characteristics of the biological rim at the base of the notch. We correlated these parameters with wave energy, tide gauge datasets and rock lithology.Our results suggest that, considering 'the development of tidal notches the consequence of midlittoral bioerosion' (as done in Evelpidou et al., 2012) is a simplification that can lead to misleading results, such as stating that notches are disappearing. Important roles in notch formation can be also played by wave action, rate of karst dissolution, salt weathering and wetting and drying cycles. Of course notch formation can be augmented and favoured also by bioerosion which can, in particular cases, be the main process of notch formation and development.Our dataset shows that notches are carved by an ensemble rather than by a single process, both today and in the past, and that it is difficult, if not impossible, to disentangle them and establish which one is prevailing. We therefore show that tidal notches are still forming, challenging the hypothesis that sea level rise has drowned them.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Antonioli, Fabrizio and Lo Presti, Valeria and Rovere, Alessio and Ferranti, Luigi and Anzidei, Marco and Furlani, Stefano and Mastronuzzi, Giuseppe and Orru, Paolo E. and Scicchitano, Giovanni and Sannino, Gianmaria and Spampinato, Cecilia R. and Pagliarulo, Rossella and Deiana, Giacomo and de Sabata, Eleonora and Sansò, Paolo and Vacchi, Matteo and Vecchio, Antonio},
 doi = {10.1016/j.quascirev.2015.03.016},
 journal = {Quaternary Science Reviews},
 number = {5}
}

Recent works (Evelpidou et al., 2012) suggest that the modern tidal notch is disappearing worldwide due sea level rise over the last century. In order to assess this hypothesis, we measured modern tidal notches in several of sites along the Mediterranean coasts. We report observations on tidal notches cut along carbonate coasts from 73 sites from Italy, France, Croatia, Montenegro, Greece, Malta and Spain, plus additional observations carried outside the Mediterranean. At each site, we measured notch width and depth, and we described the characteristics of the biological rim at the base of the notch. We correlated these parameters with wave energy, tide gauge datasets and rock lithology.Our results suggest that, considering 'the development of tidal notches the consequence of midlittoral bioerosion' (as done in Evelpidou et al., 2012) is a simplification that can lead to misleading results, such as stating that notches are disappearing. Important roles in notch formation can be also played by wave action, rate of karst dissolution, salt weathering and wetting and drying cycles. Of course notch formation can be augmented and favoured also by bioerosion which can, in particular cases, be the main process of notch formation and development.Our dataset shows that notches are carved by an ensemble rather than by a single process, both today and in the past, and that it is difficult, if not impossible, to disentangle them and establish which one is prevailing. We therefore show that tidal notches are still forming, challenging the hypothesis that sea level rise has drowned them.

@article{
 title = {Resilience of the Marine Animal Forest Lessons from Maldivian Coral Reefs After the Mass Mortality of 1998},
 type = {article},
 year = {2015},
 pages = {1-26},
 websites = {http://link.springer.com/10.1007/978-3-319-17001-5},
 publisher = {Springer International Publishing},
 city = {Cham},
 id = {75d72a89-e5ff-3016-ba29-f1e3864bed1c},
 created = {2016-08-14T09:41:43.000Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {58d47d98-a4f4-3ac1-a79d-2d252a797376},
 last_modified = {2018-01-06T11:28:10.079Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {true},
 authored = {true},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 citation_key = {Bianchi2015},
 source_type = {inbook},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {This chapter reviews the major known monospecific and multispecific sponge aggregations in the world’s oceans. They are shown to occur from the intertidal to abyssal depths, in tropical, temperate, and high latitudes and sometimes to create spectacular formations, such as glass sponge reefs, lithistid reef-like fields, and carnivorous sponge grounds. Sponge aggregations are recognized as singular vulnerable habitats that deserve special research attention and legal protection. However, this review reveals that there is only a poor and fragmentary under- standing of the main biological, environmental, and geochemical factors that favor and maintain these systems, including the food supply, which is funda- mental knowledge. There is also a particular lack of information regarding reproductive biology, growth rates, life spans, and the main factors causing mortality, all crucial drivers for understanding population and community dynamics and for developing conservation strategies. The sponge aggregations have been shown to increase the structural complexity of the habitats, attracting a larger variety of organisms and locally enhancing biodiversity. From the very few cases in which sponge biomass and sponge physiology have been reliably approached jointly, phenomenal fluxes of matter and energy have been inferred. Through their benthic-pelagic coupling, some of the densest sponge aggrega- tions have a significant local or regional impact on major biogeochemical cycles and food webs. Physical damage and habitat destruction derived from man-driven activities along with epidemic diseases facilitated by global envi- ronmental alterations emerge as major threats to the future of the sponge aggregations.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Bianchi, Carlo Nike and Morri, Carla and Lasagna, Roberta and Montefalcone, Monica and Gatti, Giulia and Parravicini, Valeriano and Rovere, Alessio},
 editor = {Rossi, Sergio and Bramanti, Lorenzo and Gori, Andrea and del Valle, Covadonga},
 doi = {10.1007/978-3-319-17001-5},
 journal = {Marine Animal Forests}
}

This chapter reviews the major known monospecific and multispecific sponge aggregations in the world’s oceans. They are shown to occur from the intertidal to abyssal depths, in tropical, temperate, and high latitudes and sometimes to create spectacular formations, such as glass sponge reefs, lithistid reef-like fields, and carnivorous sponge grounds. Sponge aggregations are recognized as singular vulnerable habitats that deserve special research attention and legal protection. However, this review reveals that there is only a poor and fragmentary under- standing of the main biological, environmental, and geochemical factors that favor and maintain these systems, including the food supply, which is funda- mental knowledge. There is also a particular lack of information regarding reproductive biology, growth rates, life spans, and the main factors causing mortality, all crucial drivers for understanding population and community dynamics and for developing conservation strategies. The sponge aggregations have been shown to increase the structural complexity of the habitats, attracting a larger variety of organisms and locally enhancing biodiversity. From the very few cases in which sponge biomass and sponge physiology have been reliably approached jointly, phenomenal fluxes of matter and energy have been inferred. Through their benthic-pelagic coupling, some of the densest sponge aggrega- tions have a significant local or regional impact on major biogeochemical cycles and food webs. Physical damage and habitat destruction derived from man-driven activities along with epidemic diseases facilitated by global envi- ronmental alterations emerge as major threats to the future of the sponge aggregations.

@article{
 title = {Through bleaching and tsunami: Coral reef recovery in the Maldives},
 type = {article},
 year = {2015},
 keywords = {Coral reefs,Hard coral cover,Indian Ocean,Maldives,Recruitment,Resilience},
 pages = {188-200},
 volume = {98},
 websites = {http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0025326X15004178},
 publisher = {Elsevier Ltd},
 id = {31f37dd6-af8f-3ce4-99bd-d2eea094c137},
 created = {2017-04-18T09:12:43.788Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {58d47d98-a4f4-3ac1-a79d-2d252a797376},
 last_modified = {2017-12-16T15:42:40.602Z},
 read = {true},
 starred = {true},
 authored = {true},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 citation_key = {Morri2015},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {Coral reefs are degrading worldwide, but little information exists on their previous conditions for most regions of the world. Since 1989, we have been studying the Maldives, collecting data before, during and after the bleaching and mass mortality event of 1998. As early as 1999, many newly settled colonies were recorded. Recruits shifted from a dominance of massive and encrusting corals in the early stages of recolonisation towards a dominance of Acropora and Pocillopora by 2009. Coral cover, which dropped to less than 10% after the bleaching, returned to pre-bleaching values of around 50% by 2013. The 2004 tsunami had comparatively little effect. In 2014, the coral community was similar to that existing before the bleaching. According to descriptors and metrics adopted, recovery of Maldivian coral reefs took between 6 and 15. years, or may even be considered unachieved, as there are species that had not come back yet.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Morri, Carla and Montefalcone, Monica and Lasagna, Roberta and Gatti, Giulia and Rovere, Alessio and Parravicini, Valeriano and Baldelli, Giuseppe and Colantoni, Paolo and Bianchi, Carlo Nike},
 doi = {10.1016/j.marpolbul.2015.06.050},
 journal = {Marine Pollution Bulletin},
 number = {1-2}
}

Coral reefs are degrading worldwide, but little information exists on their previous conditions for most regions of the world. Since 1989, we have been studying the Maldives, collecting data before, during and after the bleaching and mass mortality event of 1998. As early as 1999, many newly settled colonies were recorded. Recruits shifted from a dominance of massive and encrusting corals in the early stages of recolonisation towards a dominance of Acropora and Pocillopora by 2009. Coral cover, which dropped to less than 10% after the bleaching, returned to pre-bleaching values of around 50% by 2013. The 2004 tsunami had comparatively little effect. In 2014, the coral community was similar to that existing before the bleaching. According to descriptors and metrics adopted, recovery of Maldivian coral reefs took between 6 and 15. years, or may even be considered unachieved, as there are species that had not come back yet.

@inbook{
 type = {inbook},
 year = {2015},
 pages = {1-30},
 websites = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-17001-5_35-1},
 publisher = {Springer International Publishing},
 city = {Cham},
 id = {e46124fb-a58f-3142-ac11-e67929d10809},
 created = {2018-01-06T11:28:09.559Z},
 file_attached = {false},
 profile_id = {58d47d98-a4f4-3ac1-a79d-2d252a797376},
 last_modified = {2018-02-02T20:26:22.294Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {true},
 authored = {true},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 citation_key = {Bianchi2015},
 source_type = {inbook},
 private_publication = {false},
 bibtype = {inbook},
 author = {Bianchi, Carlo Nike and Morri, Carla and Lasagna, Roberta and Montefalcone, Monica and Gatti, Giulia and Parravicini, Valeriano and Rovere, Alessio},
 editor = {Rossi, Sergio and Bramanti, Lorenzo and Gori, Andrea and del Valle, Covadonga},
 doi = {10.1007/978-3-319-17001-5_35-1},
 chapter = {Resilience of the Marine Animal Forest},
 title = {Marine Animal Forests: The Ecology of Benthic Biodiversity Hotspots}
}

@article{
 title = {Study of wave runup using numerical models and low-altitude aerial photogrammetry: A tool for coastal management},
 type = {article},
 year = {2014},
 keywords = {MEDFLOOD,MIRAMAR,PLIOMAX,SEAMAP,SLCC},
 pages = {160-167},
 volume = {149},
 websites = {http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0272771414002273,http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecss.2014.08.012},
 month = {8},
 publisher = {Elsevier Ltd},
 id = {6b8c62ae-60af-3a28-9f35-c86c2f14af2f},
 created = {2014-09-04T15:13:07.000Z},
 accessed = {2014-09-25},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {58d47d98-a4f4-3ac1-a79d-2d252a797376},
 last_modified = {2018-07-21T16:17:53.953Z},
 read = {true},
 starred = {true},
 authored = {true},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 citation_key = {Casella2014},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {Monitoring the impact of sea storms on coastal areas is fundamental to study beach evolution and the vulnerability of low-lying coasts to erosion and flooding. Modelling wave runup on a beach is possible, but it requires accurate topographic data and model tuning, that can be done comparing observed and modeled runup. In this study we collected aerial photos using an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle after two different swells on the same study area. We merged the point cloud obtained with photogrammetry with multibeam data, in order to obtain a complete beach topography. Then, on each set of rectified and georeferenced UAV orthophotos, we identified the maximum wave runup for both events recognizing the wet area left by the waves. We then used our topography and numerical models to simulate the wave runup and compare the model results to observed values during the two events. Our results highlight the potential of the methodology presented, which integrates UAV platforms, photogrammetry and Geographic Information Systems to provide faster and cheaper information on beach topography and geomorphology compared with traditional techniques without losing in accuracy. We use the results obtained from this technique as a topographic base for a model that calculates runup for the two swells. The observed and modeled runups are consistent, and open new directions for future research.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Casella, Elisa and Rovere, Alessio and Pedroncini, Andrea and Mucerino, Luigi and Casella, Marco and Cusati, Luis Alberto and Vacchi, Matteo and Ferrari, Marco and Firpo, Marco},
 doi = {10.1016/j.ecss.2014.08.012},
 journal = {Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science}
}

Monitoring the impact of sea storms on coastal areas is fundamental to study beach evolution and the vulnerability of low-lying coasts to erosion and flooding. Modelling wave runup on a beach is possible, but it requires accurate topographic data and model tuning, that can be done comparing observed and modeled runup. In this study we collected aerial photos using an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle after two different swells on the same study area. We merged the point cloud obtained with photogrammetry with multibeam data, in order to obtain a complete beach topography. Then, on each set of rectified and georeferenced UAV orthophotos, we identified the maximum wave runup for both events recognizing the wet area left by the waves. We then used our topography and numerical models to simulate the wave runup and compare the model results to observed values during the two events. Our results highlight the potential of the methodology presented, which integrates UAV platforms, photogrammetry and Geographic Information Systems to provide faster and cheaper information on beach topography and geomorphology compared with traditional techniques without losing in accuracy. We use the results obtained from this technique as a topographic base for a model that calculates runup for the two swells. The observed and modeled runups are consistent, and open new directions for future research.

@article{
 title = {Reprint of "Evaluating change in seagrass meadows: A time-framed comparison of Side Scan Sonar maps"},
 type = {article},
 year = {2014},
 keywords = {SEAMAP},
 pages = {36-44},
 volume = {115},
 websites = {http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S030437701100088X},
 month = {1},
 publisher = {Elsevier B.V.},
 id = {04033362-5e13-3dfa-82cc-19d5560419fa},
 created = {2014-09-05T10:15:33.000Z},
 accessed = {2014-08-19},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {58d47d98-a4f4-3ac1-a79d-2d252a797376},
 last_modified = {2017-12-16T15:42:40.650Z},
 read = {true},
 starred = {true},
 authored = {true},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 citation_key = {Montefalcone2013},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {Side Scan Sonar (SSS) is a common method for mapping seagrass meadows that allows to define meadow extent and typology. Should sonogram interpretation be efficient, repeated mapping would allow evaluation of spatial meadow dynamics through time. Here, maps of Posidonia oceanica (L.) Delile meadows from western Liguria (NW Mediterranean Sea) produced in 1990, 1991 and 2006 through SSS surveys, were processed with GIS (Geographical Information System) and compared by means of diachronic analysis to establish concordances and discordances. While any difference between maps of 1990 and 2006 might provide information about change in seagrass cover with time, the availability of maps taken at only one year of distance (1991 vs 1990) offered the unique opportunity to evaluate the efficiency of SSS mapping, as the slow dynamics of P. oceanica makes significant change over such a short time scale unrealistic in absence of any large-scale environmental catastrophe. Results showed obvious differences in P. oceanica meadow distribution among the three periods in most of the areas. The largest differences were found between the maps of 1990 and 1991. This discrepancy was probably due to erroneous interpretation of small, fragmented shallow-water meadows on sonograms. Errors in sonogram interpretation combine with inefficient positioning in old cartographies to blur the evaluation of change over large time scales (i.e. between 1990 and 2006). Extensive sea-truthing based on a rigorous design is mandatory for efficient acoustic mapping of seagrass meadows.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Montefalcone, Monica and Rovere, Alessio and Parravicini, Valeriano and Albertelli, Giancarlo and Morri, Carla and Bianchi, Carlo Nike},
 doi = {10.1016/j.aquabot.2014.02.001},
 journal = {Aquatic Botany},
 number = {C}
}

Side Scan Sonar (SSS) is a common method for mapping seagrass meadows that allows to define meadow extent and typology. Should sonogram interpretation be efficient, repeated mapping would allow evaluation of spatial meadow dynamics through time. Here, maps of Posidonia oceanica (L.) Delile meadows from western Liguria (NW Mediterranean Sea) produced in 1990, 1991 and 2006 through SSS surveys, were processed with GIS (Geographical Information System) and compared by means of diachronic analysis to establish concordances and discordances. While any difference between maps of 1990 and 2006 might provide information about change in seagrass cover with time, the availability of maps taken at only one year of distance (1991 vs 1990) offered the unique opportunity to evaluate the efficiency of SSS mapping, as the slow dynamics of P. oceanica makes significant change over such a short time scale unrealistic in absence of any large-scale environmental catastrophe. Results showed obvious differences in P. oceanica meadow distribution among the three periods in most of the areas. The largest differences were found between the maps of 1990 and 1991. This discrepancy was probably due to erroneous interpretation of small, fragmented shallow-water meadows on sonograms. Errors in sonogram interpretation combine with inefficient positioning in old cartographies to blur the evaluation of change over large time scales (i.e. between 1990 and 2006). Extensive sea-truthing based on a rigorous design is mandatory for efficient acoustic mapping of seagrass meadows.

@article{
 title = {Spatial models to support the management of coastal marine ecosystems: a short review of best practices in Liguria, Italy},
 type = {article},
 year = {2014},
 keywords = {SEAMAP},
 pages = {172-180},
 volume = {15},
 websites = {http://www.medit-mar-sc.net/index.php/marine/article/view/535,papers2://publication/doi/10.12681/mms.535,http://www.medit-mar-sc.net/index.php/marine/article/view/535%5Cnpapers2://publication/doi/10.12681/mms.535},
 day = {1},
 id = {fe927d2a-ed74-3f2b-8940-cccfc4dda227},
 created = {2014-09-08T07:00:07.000Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {58d47d98-a4f4-3ac1-a79d-2d252a797376},
 last_modified = {2017-12-16T15:42:40.097Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {true},
 authored = {true},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 citation_key = {Vacchi2014a},
 source_type = {JOUR},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {Abstract Spatial modelling is an emerging approach to the management of coastal marine habitats, as it helps understanding and predicting the results of global change. This paper reviews critically two recent examples developed in Liguria , an administrative region of ...},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Vacchi, Matteo and Montefalcone, Monica and Parravicini, Valeriano and Rovere, Alessio and Vassallo, P and Ferrari, Marco and Morri, Carla and Bianchi, Carlo Nike},
 doi = {10.12681/mms.535},
 journal = {Mediterranean Marine Science},
 number = {1}
}

Abstract Spatial modelling is an emerging approach to the management of coastal marine habitats, as it helps understanding and predicting the results of global change. This paper reviews critically two recent examples developed in Liguria , an administrative region of ...

@article{
 title = {The Mid-Pliocene sea-level conundrum: Glacial isostasy, eustasy and dynamic topography},
 type = {article},
 year = {2014},
 keywords = {MEDFLOOD,PLIOMAX},
 pages = {27-33},
 volume = {387},
 websites = {http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0012821X13006006,papers2://publication/doi/10.1016/j.epsl.2013.10.030},
 publisher = {Elsevier B.V.},
 day = {1},
 id = {adaad848-c4f0-3bbf-a33f-cba3d25907ed},
 created = {2014-09-08T07:00:07.000Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {58d47d98-a4f4-3ac1-a79d-2d252a797376},
 last_modified = {2017-12-16T15:42:39.138Z},
 read = {true},
 starred = {true},
 authored = {true},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 citation_key = {Rovere2014f},
 source_type = {JOUR},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {Determining eustatic sea level during the Mid-Pliocene warm period (~3.3 to 2.9 Ma) has been a central but elusive goal in the study of past warm climates. Estimates of eustatic sea level based on geologic data span a broad range; variation that we now recognize is due in part to geographically varying post-depositional displacement caused by glacial isostatic adjustment and dynamic topography. In this study, we combine field observations and glacial isostatic adjustment modeling to estimate the dynamic topography signal in three areas that are important to paleo-sea level studies of the Mid-Pliocene warm period (South Africa, West Australia and southeastern United States). We show that dynamic topography played a significant role in the post-depositional displacement of Pliocene, and even younger Pleistocene, shorelines. In this regard, we provide a robust paleo-sea level elevation data set, corrected for glacial isostatic adjustment, that can be used to evaluate predictions from mantle flow models of dynamic topography. © 2013 Elsevier B.V.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Rovere, Alessio and Raymo, Maureen E and Mitrovica, Jerry X and Hearty, Paul J and O'Leary, M. J. and Inglis, J D},
 doi = {10.1016/j.epsl.2013.10.030},
 journal = {Earth and Planetary Science Letters}
}

Determining eustatic sea level during the Mid-Pliocene warm period (~3.3 to 2.9 Ma) has been a central but elusive goal in the study of past warm climates. Estimates of eustatic sea level based on geologic data span a broad range; variation that we now recognize is due in part to geographically varying post-depositional displacement caused by glacial isostatic adjustment and dynamic topography. In this study, we combine field observations and glacial isostatic adjustment modeling to estimate the dynamic topography signal in three areas that are important to paleo-sea level studies of the Mid-Pliocene warm period (South Africa, West Australia and southeastern United States). We show that dynamic topography played a significant role in the post-depositional displacement of Pliocene, and even younger Pleistocene, shorelines. In this regard, we provide a robust paleo-sea level elevation data set, corrected for glacial isostatic adjustment, that can be used to evaluate predictions from mantle flow models of dynamic topography. © 2013 Elsevier B.V.

@article{
 title = {An updated database of Holocene relative sea level changes in NE Aegean Sea},
 type = {article},
 year = {2014},
 pages = {301-310},
 volume = {328-329},
 websites = {http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1040618213006563,papers2://publication/doi/10.1016/j.quaint.2013.08.036},
 month = {4},
 publisher = {Elsevier Ltd and INQUA},
 day = {1},
 id = {438d7bda-73ce-3135-945a-f61e37fd1039},
 created = {2014-09-07T09:59:40.000Z},
 accessed = {2014-09-07},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {58d47d98-a4f4-3ac1-a79d-2d252a797376},
 last_modified = {2017-12-16T15:42:38.911Z},
 read = {true},
 starred = {true},
 authored = {true},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 citation_key = {Vacchi2013a},
 source_type = {JOUR},
 notes = {<b>From Duplicate 2 ( </b><br/><b><br/><i>An updated database of Holocene relative sea level changes in NE Aegean Sea</i><br/></b><br/><b>- Vacchi, Matteo; Rovere, Alessio; Chatzipetros, Alexandros; Zouros, Nickolas; Firpo, Marco )<br/><br/></b><br/><br/><br/><b>From Duplicate 1 ( </b><br/><br/><b><br/><i>An updated database of Holocene relative sea level changes in NE Aegean Sea</i><br/></b><br/><br/><b>- Vacchi, Matteo; Rovere, Alessio; Chatzipetros, Alexandros; Zouros, Nickolas; Firpo, Marco )<br/><br/></b>},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {The reconstruction of Holocene relative sea levels has several implications, ranging from the investigation of coastal vertical movements to the calibration of earth rheology models and ice sheet reconstructions. The North Eastern Aegean Sea is among the tectonically complex sectors of the Eastern Mediterranean, mainly influenced by the activity of the North Anatolian Fault. In this paper, we created a relative sea level (RSL) database by expanding upon the previous compilation with recently published geological and archaeological data. We reconstruct the RSL history in those Aegean coastal sectors located within the South Marmara microplate, a broad shear zone located between western Anatolia and central Greece and affected by dominant strike-slip faulting, at times combined with a normal component. Then, we compared it with the RSL histories obtained for the surrounding coastal sectors. The analysis of the database indicated that it is not possible to define a common Holocene RSL curve for the entire NE Aegean, as RSL history here is majorly influenced by changes in deformation patterns. In addition, data in our database are consistent with a continuous RSL rise in the last 6.0 ka BP in the whole NE Aegean Sea and cannot support the hypothesis of a mid-Holocene RSL highstand in the area. Finally, we present our best estimates of late Holocene rates of RSL prior to any possible acceleration during the twentieth century in the broad area of NE Aegean. Here we identified the fastest rising rate (~0.9 mm a-1) in that sector whose active tectonic deformation is mainly controlled by the North Anatolian Fault activity. © 2013 Elsevier Ltd and INQUA.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Vacchi, Matteo and Rovere, Alessio and Chatzipetros, Alexandros and Zouros, Nickolas and Firpo, Marco},
 doi = {10.1016/j.quaint.2013.08.036},
 journal = {Quaternary International},
 number = {1},
 keywords = {MEDFLOOD,PLIOMAX}
}

The reconstruction of Holocene relative sea levels has several implications, ranging from the investigation of coastal vertical movements to the calibration of earth rheology models and ice sheet reconstructions. The North Eastern Aegean Sea is among the tectonically complex sectors of the Eastern Mediterranean, mainly influenced by the activity of the North Anatolian Fault. In this paper, we created a relative sea level (RSL) database by expanding upon the previous compilation with recently published geological and archaeological data. We reconstruct the RSL history in those Aegean coastal sectors located within the South Marmara microplate, a broad shear zone located between western Anatolia and central Greece and affected by dominant strike-slip faulting, at times combined with a normal component. Then, we compared it with the RSL histories obtained for the surrounding coastal sectors. The analysis of the database indicated that it is not possible to define a common Holocene RSL curve for the entire NE Aegean, as RSL history here is majorly influenced by changes in deformation patterns. In addition, data in our database are consistent with a continuous RSL rise in the last 6.0 ka BP in the whole NE Aegean Sea and cannot support the hypothesis of a mid-Holocene RSL highstand in the area. Finally, we present our best estimates of late Holocene rates of RSL prior to any possible acceleration during the twentieth century in the broad area of NE Aegean. Here we identified the fastest rising rate (~0.9 mm a-1) in that sector whose active tectonic deformation is mainly controlled by the North Anatolian Fault activity. © 2013 Elsevier Ltd and INQUA.

@article{
 title = {The value of the seagrass Posidonia oceanica: A natural capital assessment},
 type = {article},
 year = {2013},
 keywords = {Ecosystem services,Emergy analysis,Ligurian Sea,Mediterranean Sea,Posidonia oceanica,Seagrass},
 pages = {157-167},
 volume = {75},
 websites = {http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0025326X13004311,papers2://publication/doi/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2013.07.044},
 publisher = {Elsevier Ltd},
 day = {15},
 city = {DISTAV, Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, dell'Ambiente e della Vita, Genoa University, Italy.},
 id = {4090d212-3cbd-388f-bce7-695934315432},
 created = {2014-09-08T07:00:07.000Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {58d47d98-a4f4-3ac1-a79d-2d252a797376},
 last_modified = {2017-12-16T15:42:39.740Z},
 read = {true},
 starred = {true},
 authored = {true},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 citation_key = {Vassallo2013},
 source_type = {JOUR},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {Making nature's value visible to humans is a key issue for the XXI century and it is crucial to identify and measure natural capital to incorporate benefits or costs of changes in ecosystem services into policy. Emergy analysis, a method able to analyze the overall functioning of a system, was applied to reckon the value of main ecosystem services provided by Posidonia oceanica, a fragile and precious Mediterranean seagrass ecosystem. Estimates, based on calculation of resources employed by nature, resulted in a value of 172€m-2a-1. Sediment retained by meadow is most relevant input, composing almost the whole P. oceanica value. Remarks about economic losses arising from meadow regression have been made through a time-comparison of meadow maps. Suggested procedure represents an operative tool to provide a synthetic monetary measure of ecosystem services to be employed when comparing natural capital to human and financial capitals in a substitutability perspective. © 2013 Elsevier Ltd.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Vassallo, Paolo and Paoli, Chiara and Rovere, Alessio and Montefalcone, Monica and Morri, Carla and Bianchi, Carlo Nike},
 doi = {10.1016/j.marpolbul.2013.07.044},
 journal = {Marine Pollution Bulletin},
 number = {1-2}
}

Making nature's value visible to humans is a key issue for the XXI century and it is crucial to identify and measure natural capital to incorporate benefits or costs of changes in ecosystem services into policy. Emergy analysis, a method able to analyze the overall functioning of a system, was applied to reckon the value of main ecosystem services provided by Posidonia oceanica, a fragile and precious Mediterranean seagrass ecosystem. Estimates, based on calculation of resources employed by nature, resulted in a value of 172€m-2a-1. Sediment retained by meadow is most relevant input, composing almost the whole P. oceanica value. Remarks about economic losses arising from meadow regression have been made through a time-comparison of meadow maps. Suggested procedure represents an operative tool to provide a synthetic monetary measure of ecosystem services to be employed when comparing natural capital to human and financial capitals in a substitutability perspective. © 2013 Elsevier Ltd.

@article{
 title = {The use of nematodes in assessing ecological conditions in shallow waters surrounding a Mediterranean harbour facility},
 type = {article},
 year = {2013},
 keywords = {SEAMAP},
 pages = {209-221},
 volume = {130},
 websites = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecss.2013.02.017,papers2://publication/doi/10.1016/j.ecss.2013.02.017},
 publisher = {Elsevier Ltd},
 day = {27},
 id = {90500a81-1fa6-3e41-b762-8ad57a5c9dde},
 created = {2014-09-08T07:00:07.000Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {58d47d98-a4f4-3ac1-a79d-2d252a797376},
 last_modified = {2017-12-16T15:42:39.370Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {true},
 authored = {true},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 citation_key = {Losi2013},
 source_type = {JOUR},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {The spatial distribution and structure of nematode assemblages in the area surrounding the harbour of Vado Ligure (Savona, NW Mediterranean) were studied in relation to the influence of natural and anthropogenic environmental factors. Stations were selected following an "anthropogenic gradient" from sites located near the city centre and its harbour to more pristine and distant sites. Sediment quality was determined by considering both sediment granulometric and chemical parameters (hydrocarbons, heavy metals, total organic matter, proteins, carbohydrates) as well as nematode abundance, diversity, life strategies, trophic structure and assemblage composition. A high correlation between environmental characteristics and the nematode response was found. On the basis of the comparison of these results, which identified three distinct sub-areas associated with different levels of environmental quality, a set of nematode indicator genera was selected for the future evaluation of quality status. © 2013 Elsevier Ltd.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Losi, V and Ferrero, T J and Moreno, M and Gaozza, L and Rovere, Alessio and Firpo, Marco and Marques, J C and Albertelli, G},
 doi = {10.1016/j.ecss.2013.02.017},
 journal = {Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science}
}

The spatial distribution and structure of nematode assemblages in the area surrounding the harbour of Vado Ligure (Savona, NW Mediterranean) were studied in relation to the influence of natural and anthropogenic environmental factors. Stations were selected following an "anthropogenic gradient" from sites located near the city centre and its harbour to more pristine and distant sites. Sediment quality was determined by considering both sediment granulometric and chemical parameters (hydrocarbons, heavy metals, total organic matter, proteins, carbohydrates) as well as nematode abundance, diversity, life strategies, trophic structure and assemblage composition. A high correlation between environmental characteristics and the nematode response was found. On the basis of the comparison of these results, which identified three distinct sub-areas associated with different levels of environmental quality, a set of nematode indicator genera was selected for the future evaluation of quality status. © 2013 Elsevier Ltd.

@inbook{
 type = {inbook},
 year = {2012},
 pages = {1-55},
 websites = {http://www.researchgate.net/publication/242397422_Mediterranean_Sea_biodiversity_between_the_legacy_from_the_past_and_a_future_of_change/file/9c9605271093acbfa1.pdf},
 publisher = {Nova Publishers},
 chapter = {Mediterranean Sea biodiversity between the legacy from the past and a future of change},
 id = {58a45456-78ad-33c8-95bb-cd7100c6c5f8},
 created = {2014-09-05T10:17:09.000Z},
 accessed = {2014-09-05},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {58d47d98-a4f4-3ac1-a79d-2d252a797376},
 last_modified = {2018-07-29T13:26:47.322Z},
 read = {true},
 starred = {true},
 authored = {true},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 citation_key = {Bianchi2010},
 private_publication = {false},
 bibtype = {inbook},
 author = {Bianchi, CN and Morri, Carla and Chiantore, Mariachiara and Parravicini, Valeriano and Rovere, Alessio},
 editor = {Stambler, Noga},
 title = {Life in the Mediterranean Sea: A Look at Habitat Changes}
}

@article{
 title = {Crowdsourcing in the Quaternary sea level community: Insights from the Pliocene},
 type = {article},
 year = {2012},
 keywords = {MEDFLOOD,PLIOMAX},
 pages = {164-166},
 volume = {56},
 websites = {http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0277379112003599},
 month = {11},
 publisher = {Elsevier Ltd},
 id = {6c89067d-861d-3813-a58d-d6015f2240cc},
 created = {2014-09-07T10:00:11.000Z},
 accessed = {2014-09-07},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {58d47d98-a4f4-3ac1-a79d-2d252a797376},
 last_modified = {2017-12-16T15:42:40.111Z},
 read = {true},
 starred = {true},
 authored = {true},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 citation_key = {Rovere2012},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {In order to establish the 'fingerprint' of past sea level changes, many field measurements of paleo sea level from globally distributed locations are needed. It is because this problem requires a geographically expansive database that it becomes an ideal candidate for crowdsourcing techniques. In order to crowdsource sea level data from the Mid-Pliocene Warm Period, we developed three tools: PlioWiki, RSLcalcand RSLmap. PlioWiki is a web portal, open to contributions, where investigators can share knowledge on Pliocene to Quaternary relative sea levels. RSLcalcis a standardized, ready-to-use tool for field geologists to log their own sea level field observations and, if they desire, submit new data to an open access database of relative sea level markers. RSLmapallows one to visualize and query the database built with RSLcalcon a Google Map interface. Here we describe these tools and discuss the advantages of crowdsourcing, relative to traditional approaches, for the creation of sea level databases for any time period. © 2012 Elsevier Ltd.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Rovere, A. and Raymo, M. E. and O'Leary, M. J. and Hearty, P. J.},
 doi = {10.1016/j.quascirev.2012.09.014},
 journal = {Quaternary Science Reviews}
}

In order to establish the 'fingerprint' of past sea level changes, many field measurements of paleo sea level from globally distributed locations are needed. It is because this problem requires a geographically expansive database that it becomes an ideal candidate for crowdsourcing techniques. In order to crowdsource sea level data from the Mid-Pliocene Warm Period, we developed three tools: PlioWiki, RSLcalcand RSLmap. PlioWiki is a web portal, open to contributions, where investigators can share knowledge on Pliocene to Quaternary relative sea levels. RSLcalcis a standardized, ready-to-use tool for field geologists to log their own sea level field observations and, if they desire, submit new data to an open access database of relative sea level markers. RSLmapallows one to visualize and query the database built with RSLcalcon a Google Map interface. Here we describe these tools and discuss the advantages of crowdsourcing, relative to traditional approaches, for the creation of sea level databases for any time period. © 2012 Elsevier Ltd.

@article{
 title = {Seafloor integrity down the harbor waterfront: the coralligenous shoals off Vado Ligure (NW Mediterranean)},
 type = {article},
 year = {2012},
 keywords = {SEAMAP},
 pages = {51-67},
 volume = {3},
 websites = {http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/19475721.2012.671190,papers2://publication/doi/10.1080/19475721.2012.671190},
 publisher = {Taylor \& Francis Group},
 day = {1},
 id = {5cedadbc-f393-3458-b8c7-6cdd730ec1ae},
 created = {2014-09-08T07:00:07.000Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {58d47d98-a4f4-3ac1-a79d-2d252a797376},
 last_modified = {2017-12-16T15:42:39.484Z},
 read = {true},
 starred = {true},
 authored = {true},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 citation_key = {Gatti2012},
 source_type = {JOUR},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {In the last ten years, European Directives stressed the necessity to assess the ecological status of marine habitats by means of ecosystem or landscape indicators, rather than just species or chemical ones. In this paper, the seascape approach to characterise and assess the ecological quality of coralligenous rocky shoals of Vado Ligure (Savona, Italy) is introduced. This approach integrates biological, mesological and geomorphological information collected with a Rapid Visual Assessment technique (RVA). The RVA also optimised underwater operations in deep waters where coralligenous reefs usually develop and provided a sufficient amount of data collected by direct inspection. The seascape approach results are appropriate for the characterisation of the coralligenous shoals studied and for the assessment of their ecological quality. The quality of the assemblages was in general low, mainly due to high sedimentary stress; however, some exceptions showing a high ecological quality indicate that, with proper management tools, they would still have good potentialities of recovery.\nIn the last ten years, European Directives stressed the necessity to assess the ecological status of marine habitats by means of ecosystem or landscape indicators, rather than just species or chemical ones. In this paper, the seascape approach to characterise and assess the ecological quality of coralligenous rocky shoals of Vado Ligure (Savona, Italy) is introduced. This approach integrates biological, mesological and geomorphological information collected with a Rapid Visual Assessment technique (RVA). The RVA also optimised underwater operations in deep waters where coralligenous reefs usually develop and provided a sufficient amount of data collected by direct inspection. The seascape approach results are appropriate for the characterisation of the coralligenous shoals studied and for the assessment of their ecological quality. The quality of the assemblages was in general low, mainly due to high sedimentary stress; however, some exceptions showing a high ecological quality indicate that, with proper management tools, they would still have good potentialities of recovery.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Gatti, Giulia and Montefalcone, Monica and Rovere, Alessio and Parravicini, Valeriano and Morri, Carla and Albertelli, Giancarlo and Nike Bianchi, Carlo},
 doi = {10.1080/19475721.2012.671190},
 journal = {Advances in Oceanography and Limnology},
 number = {1}
}

In the last ten years, European Directives stressed the necessity to assess the ecological status of marine habitats by means of ecosystem or landscape indicators, rather than just species or chemical ones. In this paper, the seascape approach to characterise and assess the ecological quality of coralligenous rocky shoals of Vado Ligure (Savona, Italy) is introduced. This approach integrates biological, mesological and geomorphological information collected with a Rapid Visual Assessment technique (RVA). The RVA also optimised underwater operations in deep waters where coralligenous reefs usually develop and provided a sufficient amount of data collected by direct inspection. The seascape approach results are appropriate for the characterisation of the coralligenous shoals studied and for the assessment of their ecological quality. The quality of the assemblages was in general low, mainly due to high sedimentary stress; however, some exceptions showing a high ecological quality indicate that, with proper management tools, they would still have good potentialities of recovery.\nIn the last ten years, European Directives stressed the necessity to assess the ecological status of marine habitats by means of ecosystem or landscape indicators, rather than just species or chemical ones. In this paper, the seascape approach to characterise and assess the ecological quality of coralligenous rocky shoals of Vado Ligure (Savona, Italy) is introduced. This approach integrates biological, mesological and geomorphological information collected with a Rapid Visual Assessment technique (RVA). The RVA also optimised underwater operations in deep waters where coralligenous reefs usually develop and provided a sufficient amount of data collected by direct inspection. The seascape approach results are appropriate for the characterisation of the coralligenous shoals studied and for the assessment of their ecological quality. The quality of the assemblages was in general low, mainly due to high sedimentary stress; however, some exceptions showing a high ecological quality indicate that, with proper management tools, they would still have good potentialities of recovery.

@article{
 title = {Monitoring the effectiveness of re-establishing beaches artificially: Methodological and practical insights into the use of video transects and SCUBA-operated coring devices},
 type = {article},
 year = {2012},
 keywords = {SEAMAP},
 pages = {201-206},
 volume = {30},
 websites = {http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/sut/unwt/2012/00000030/00000004/art00005,papers2://publication/doi/10.3723/ut.30.201},
 day = {1},
 id = {b2f31301-3a19-3eb0-826d-956417ec98b1},
 created = {2014-09-08T07:00:07.000Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {58d47d98-a4f4-3ac1-a79d-2d252a797376},
 last_modified = {2018-02-02T20:26:22.324Z},
 read = {true},
 starred = {true},
 authored = {true},
 confirmed = {false},
 hidden = {false},
 citation_key = {Vacchi2012a},
 source_type = {JOUR},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {Artificially rebuilding beaches is one of the main methods used to stabilise or restore them after severe erosion events. Best practices should involve some form of monitoring prior to, during and post beach re-building. The most frequently applied monitoring techniques for Italian (and Mediterra- nean) beaches are topographic and bathymetric surveys carried out in regular time intervals in order to understand beach evolution. Morphological studies, based on grain- size profile analyses, can indicate the sedimentary evolution of the beach. In the present study, SCUBA diving techniques were employed in addition to traditional survey methods in order to monitor two study areas along the Ligurian coast (northwest Mediterranean Sea): Ospedaletti and Genova Vernazzola. In particular, a diver-operated, cost-effective coring system obtained marine sediment cores, and video transects and inspections generated information on the status of coastal defence structures (e.g. groynes). Using those methods, the main vertical discontinuities along the submarine beach were identified, as were points of erosion on the submarine parts of groynes. Such innovative techniques provided data that are not easily achievable with traditional monitoring techniques. Future monitoring programmes should consider these new methods as a way of improving assessment efficiency. Keywords:},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Vacchi, Matteo and Rovere, Alessio and Schiaffino, C F and Ferrari, M.},
 doi = {10.3723/ut.30.201},
 journal = {Underwater Technology},
 number = {4}
}

Artificially rebuilding beaches is one of the main methods used to stabilise or restore them after severe erosion events. Best practices should involve some form of monitoring prior to, during and post beach re-building. The most frequently applied monitoring techniques for Italian (and Mediterra- nean) beaches are topographic and bathymetric surveys carried out in regular time intervals in order to understand beach evolution. Morphological studies, based on grain- size profile analyses, can indicate the sedimentary evolution of the beach. In the present study, SCUBA diving techniques were employed in addition to traditional survey methods in order to monitor two study areas along the Ligurian coast (northwest Mediterranean Sea): Ospedaletti and Genova Vernazzola. In particular, a diver-operated, cost-effective coring system obtained marine sediment cores, and video transects and inspections generated information on the status of coastal defence structures (e.g. groynes). Using those methods, the main vertical discontinuities along the submarine beach were identified, as were points of erosion on the submarine parts of groynes. Such innovative techniques provided data that are not easily achievable with traditional monitoring techniques. Future monitoring programmes should consider these new methods as a way of improving assessment efficiency. Keywords:

@article{
 title = {Assessing enigmatic boulder deposits in NE Aegean Sea: Importance of historical sources as tool to support hydrodynamic equations},
 type = {article},
 year = {2012},
 pages = {1109-1118},
 volume = {12},
 websites = {http://www.nat-hazards-earth-syst-sci.net/12/1109/2012/,papers2://publication/doi/10.5194/nhess-12-1109-2012},
 day = {1},
 id = {d9c00edb-a5ca-3b6e-989e-813d20cdf7e7},
 created = {2014-09-08T07:00:07.000Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {58d47d98-a4f4-3ac1-a79d-2d252a797376},
 last_modified = {2017-12-16T15:42:39.956Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {true},
 authored = {true},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 citation_key = {Vacchi2012b},
 source_type = {JOUR},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {Due to their importance in the assessment of coastal hazards, several studies have focused on geomorphological and sedimentological field evidence of catastrophic wave impacts related to historical tsunami events. Among them, many authors used boulder fields as important indicators of past tsunamis, especially in the Mediterranean Sea. The aim of this study was to understand the mechanism of deposition of clusters of large boulders, consisting of beachrock slabs, which were found on the southern coasts of Lesvos Island (NE Aegean Sea). Methods to infer the origin of boulder deposits (tsunami vs. storm wave) are often based on hydrodynamic models even if different environmental complexities are difficult to be incorporated into numerical models. In this study, hydrodynamic equations did not provide unequivocal indication of the mechanism responsible for boulder deposition in the study area. Further analyses, ranging from geomorphologic to seismotectonic data, indicated a tsunami as the most likely cause of displacement of the boulders but still do not allow to totally exclude the extreme storm origin. Additional historical investigations (based on tsunami catalogues, historical photos and aged inhabitants interviews) indicated that the boulders are likely to have been deposited by the tsunami triggered by the 6.7 M s Chios-Karaburum earthquake of 1949 or, alternatively, by minor effects of the destructive tsunami produced by 1956's Amorgos Island earthquake. Results of this study point out that, at Mediterranean scale, to flank numerical models with the huge amount of the available historical data become a crucial tool in terms of prevention policies related to catastrophic coastal events. © 2012 Author(s). CC Attribution 3.0 License.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Vacchi, Matteo and Rovere, Alessio and Zouros, N and Firpo, Marco},
 doi = {10.5194/nhess-12-1109-2012},
 journal = {Natural Hazards and Earth System Science},
 number = {4},
 keywords = {SEAMAP}
}

Due to their importance in the assessment of coastal hazards, several studies have focused on geomorphological and sedimentological field evidence of catastrophic wave impacts related to historical tsunami events. Among them, many authors used boulder fields as important indicators of past tsunamis, especially in the Mediterranean Sea. The aim of this study was to understand the mechanism of deposition of clusters of large boulders, consisting of beachrock slabs, which were found on the southern coasts of Lesvos Island (NE Aegean Sea). Methods to infer the origin of boulder deposits (tsunami vs. storm wave) are often based on hydrodynamic models even if different environmental complexities are difficult to be incorporated into numerical models. In this study, hydrodynamic equations did not provide unequivocal indication of the mechanism responsible for boulder deposition in the study area. Further analyses, ranging from geomorphologic to seismotectonic data, indicated a tsunami as the most likely cause of displacement of the boulders but still do not allow to totally exclude the extreme storm origin. Additional historical investigations (based on tsunami catalogues, historical photos and aged inhabitants interviews) indicated that the boulders are likely to have been deposited by the tsunami triggered by the 6.7 M s Chios-Karaburum earthquake of 1949 or, alternatively, by minor effects of the destructive tsunami produced by 1956's Amorgos Island earthquake. Results of this study point out that, at Mediterranean scale, to flank numerical models with the huge amount of the available historical data become a crucial tool in terms of prevention policies related to catastrophic coastal events. © 2012 Author(s). CC Attribution 3.0 License.

@article{
 title = {The challenge of managing marine biodiversity: A practical toolkit for a cartographic, territorial approach},
 type = {article},
 year = {2012},
 keywords = {SEAMAP},
 pages = {419-452},
 volume = {4},
 websites = {http://www.mdpi.com/1424-2818/4/4/419,papers2://publication/doi/10.3390/d4040419},
 publisher = {Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute},
 day = {1},
 id = {6a099516-dbd0-39e3-9fa6-bc4168ace3e0},
 created = {2014-09-08T07:00:07.000Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {58d47d98-a4f4-3ac1-a79d-2d252a797376},
 last_modified = {2017-12-16T15:42:39.927Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {true},
 authored = {true},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 citation_key = {Bianchi2012},
 source_type = {JOUR},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {An approach to the management of marine biodiversity was developed based on two levels of environmental diagnostics: (1) the characterization (to identify types), and (2) the evaluation (to define status and values). Both levels involve the production of maps, namely: (i) morphobathymetry and sedimentology; (ii) habitats; (iii) natural emergencies; (iv) degradation and risk; (v) weighted vulnerability; (vi) environmental quality; and, \n(vii) susceptibility to use. A general methodological aspect that must be stated first is the need of dividing the mapped area in territorial units corresponding to submultiples of the UTM grid and having different sizes according to the scale adopted. Territorial units (grid cells) are assigned to one of five classes of evaluation, ranging from high necessity of conservation or protection to non-problematic, unimportant or already compromised (according to the specific map) situations. Depending on the scale, these maps are suited for territorial planning (small scales, allowing for a synoptic view) or for administration and decision making (large scales, providing detail on local situations and problems). Mapping should be periodically repeated (diachronic cartography) to assure an efficient tool for integrated coastal zone management.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Bianchi, Carlo Nike and Parravicini, Valeriano and Montefalcone, Monica and Rovere, Alessio and Morri, Carla},
 doi = {10.3390/d4040419},
 journal = {Diversity},
 number = {4}
}

An approach to the management of marine biodiversity was developed based on two levels of environmental diagnostics: (1) the characterization (to identify types), and (2) the evaluation (to define status and values). Both levels involve the production of maps, namely: (i) morphobathymetry and sedimentology; (ii) habitats; (iii) natural emergencies; (iv) degradation and risk; (v) weighted vulnerability; (vi) environmental quality; and, \n(vii) susceptibility to use. A general methodological aspect that must be stated first is the need of dividing the mapped area in territorial units corresponding to submultiples of the UTM grid and having different sizes according to the scale adopted. Territorial units (grid cells) are assigned to one of five classes of evaluation, ranging from high necessity of conservation or protection to non-problematic, unimportant or already compromised (according to the specific map) situations. Depending on the scale, these maps are suited for territorial planning (small scales, allowing for a synoptic view) or for administration and decision making (large scales, providing detail on local situations and problems). Mapping should be periodically repeated (diachronic cartography) to assure an efficient tool for integrated coastal zone management.

@article{
 title = {Spatial distribution of sea-level markers on Lesvos Island (NE Aegean Sea): Evidence of differential relative sea-level changes and the neotectonic implications},
 type = {article},
 year = {2012},
 keywords = {SEAMAP},
 pages = {50-62},
 volume = {159-160},
 websites = {http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0169555X12001225},
 month = {7},
 publisher = {Elsevier B.V.},
 id = {98a0c4d4-c22a-3ecd-89d5-d843d91a6bf5},
 created = {2014-09-05T10:16:19.000Z},
 accessed = {2014-08-20},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {58d47d98-a4f4-3ac1-a79d-2d252a797376},
 last_modified = {2017-12-16T15:42:38.832Z},
 read = {true},
 starred = {true},
 authored = {true},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 citation_key = {Vacchi2012d},
 notes = {<b>From Duplicate 1 ( </b><br/><b><br/><i>Spatial distribution of sea-level markers on Lesvos Island (NE Aegean Sea): Evidence of differential relative sea-level changes and the neotectonic implications</i><br/></b><br/><b>- Vacchi, Matteo; Rovere, Alessio; Zouros, Nickolas; Desruelles, Stéphane; Caron, Vincent; Firpo, Marco )<br/><br/></b><br/><br/><br/><b>From Duplicate 2 ( </b><br/><br/><b><br/><i>Spatial distribution of sea-level markers on Lesvos Island (NE Aegean Sea): Evidence of differential relative sea-level changes and the neotectonic implications</i><br/></b><br/><br/><b>- Vacchi, Matteo; Rovere, Alessio; Zouros, Nickolas; Desruelles, Stéphane; Caron, Vincent; Firpo, Marco )<br/><br/></b>},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {The aim of this study is to provide new data on relative sea-level changes and neotectonics of the northeastern Aegean Sea region (Eastern Mediterranean) through the analysis of the coastal geomorphology of Lesvos, the third largest Greek island. There is a paucity of presently available data in this sector of the Aegean Sea, which is a tectonically active area strongly controlled by the North Anatolian Fault. In this paper, morphological, biological and sedimentary records of paleo-sea levels have been used to reconstruct relative sea-level changes, to identify variations in the tectonic regimes as well as to assess the paleoseismicity in the studied areas. According to the results, late Quaternary relative sea-level changes at Lesvos were not homogenous and variations in the tectonic setting played a crucial role in the coastal evolution. The NW-SE trending faults on the southern shore of the island control a significant uplift affecting about 30. km of coastline. This uplift trend is controlled by the footwall of the Lesvos Fault, a major offshore normal fault that has been subject to relatively little quantitative investigation. Radiocarbon dating indicated that the last co-seismic uplift took place at 3365-3963. cal. yr BP and resulted in about 0.75. m of vertical displacement. In contrast, all the paleo-sea-level markers mapped in the northeastern sector were presently underwater and, despite the high seismicity of the area, no evidence of coastal uplift was observed in this part of the island. Thus, the paper provides the first field evidence of a differential late Quaternary evolution of Lesvos Island. In addition, results represent the first quantitative information on the activity of the Lesvos Fault, suggesting a reconsideration of its importance in the neotectonics of the area. © 2012 Elsevier B.V.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Vacchi, Matteo and Rovere, Alessio and Zouros, Nickolas and Desruelles, Stéphane and Caron, Vincent and Firpo, Marco},
 doi = {10.1016/j.geomorph.2012.03.004},
 journal = {Geomorphology}
}

The aim of this study is to provide new data on relative sea-level changes and neotectonics of the northeastern Aegean Sea region (Eastern Mediterranean) through the analysis of the coastal geomorphology of Lesvos, the third largest Greek island. There is a paucity of presently available data in this sector of the Aegean Sea, which is a tectonically active area strongly controlled by the North Anatolian Fault. In this paper, morphological, biological and sedimentary records of paleo-sea levels have been used to reconstruct relative sea-level changes, to identify variations in the tectonic regimes as well as to assess the paleoseismicity in the studied areas. According to the results, late Quaternary relative sea-level changes at Lesvos were not homogenous and variations in the tectonic setting played a crucial role in the coastal evolution. The NW-SE trending faults on the southern shore of the island control a significant uplift affecting about 30. km of coastline. This uplift trend is controlled by the footwall of the Lesvos Fault, a major offshore normal fault that has been subject to relatively little quantitative investigation. Radiocarbon dating indicated that the last co-seismic uplift took place at 3365-3963. cal. yr BP and resulted in about 0.75. m of vertical displacement. In contrast, all the paleo-sea-level markers mapped in the northeastern sector were presently underwater and, despite the high seismicity of the area, no evidence of coastal uplift was observed in this part of the island. Thus, the paper provides the first field evidence of a differential late Quaternary evolution of Lesvos Island. In addition, results represent the first quantitative information on the activity of the Lesvos Fault, suggesting a reconsideration of its importance in the neotectonics of the area. © 2012 Elsevier B.V.

@article{
 title = {Understanding relationships between conflicting human uses and coastal ecosystems status: A geospatial modeling approach},
 type = {article},
 year = {2012},
 keywords = {Cartography,Ecosystem status,Ecosystem-based management,Marine spatial planning,Mediterranean Sea,Multiple stressors,Random forests},
 pages = {253-263},
 volume = {19},
 websites = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2011.07.027},
 publisher = {Elsevier Ltd},
 id = {786eb3ee-df93-321c-b804-badc86f4f882},
 created = {2017-12-16T16:12:29.111Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {58d47d98-a4f4-3ac1-a79d-2d252a797376},
 last_modified = {2018-09-14T15:34:22.459Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {true},
 authored = {true},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 citation_key = {Parravicini2012a},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {Human use of ecosystem resources and services is increasing worldwide, generating pressures that alter ecosystem structure, functioning and provision of services. Unexpected ecosystem change is becoming frequent, and the complex ways through which multiple human pressures may interact leave conservation practitioners and natural resource managers faced with high uncertainty. We developed a geospatial approach for modeling the complex relationships between multiple human pressures and coastal ecosystems status. This framework was then used to produce maps of the expected status of marine coastal ecosystems resulting from variation in the cumulative human pressure. The geospatial modeling approach we developed was tested on an emblematic study case requiring marine spatial planning, i.e. a recently established marine protected area (MPA) that will have to coexist with the expansion of a close commercial harbor. In the study case presented, our modeling approach was used to predict the status of coastal ecosystems resulting from different management alternatives. Results showed that should Port Authority support MPA in reducing human pressures in the area, coastal ecosystems would not be expected to further deteriorate as a consequence of harbor expansion. Our approach proved effective in modeling complex interaction among multiple pressures (e.g. synergisms) and predicting potential future scenarios. The implementation of this approach into geographical information systems (GIS) allows managers to represent the expected outcomes of their planned conservation efforts, thereby representing an important decision-support tool for finding efficient management solutions in the face of complex interactions and high uncertainty. ?? 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Parravicini, V. and Rovere, A. and Vassallo, P. and Micheli, F. and Montefalcone, M. and Morri, C. and Paoli, C. and Albertelli, G. and Fabiano, M. and Bianchi, C. N.},
 doi = {10.1016/j.ecolind.2011.07.027},
 journal = {Ecological Indicators}
}

Human use of ecosystem resources and services is increasing worldwide, generating pressures that alter ecosystem structure, functioning and provision of services. Unexpected ecosystem change is becoming frequent, and the complex ways through which multiple human pressures may interact leave conservation practitioners and natural resource managers faced with high uncertainty. We developed a geospatial approach for modeling the complex relationships between multiple human pressures and coastal ecosystems status. This framework was then used to produce maps of the expected status of marine coastal ecosystems resulting from variation in the cumulative human pressure. The geospatial modeling approach we developed was tested on an emblematic study case requiring marine spatial planning, i.e. a recently established marine protected area (MPA) that will have to coexist with the expansion of a close commercial harbor. In the study case presented, our modeling approach was used to predict the status of coastal ecosystems resulting from different management alternatives. Results showed that should Port Authority support MPA in reducing human pressures in the area, coastal ecosystems would not be expected to further deteriorate as a consequence of harbor expansion. Our approach proved effective in modeling complex interaction among multiple pressures (e.g. synergisms) and predicting potential future scenarios. The implementation of this approach into geographical information systems (GIS) allows managers to represent the expected outcomes of their planned conservation efforts, thereby representing an important decision-support tool for finding efficient management solutions in the face of complex interactions and high uncertainty. ?? 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

@article{
 title = {Underwater geomorphology of the rocky coastal tracts between Finale Ligure and Vado Ligure (western Liguria, NW Mediterranean Sea)},
 type = {article},
 year = {2011},
 pages = {187-200},
 volume = {232},
 websites = {http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1040618210002132},
 month = {2},
 publisher = {Elsevier Ltd and INQUA},
 id = {8220d11e-4722-35b7-bb52-f59fc4ccfc94},
 created = {2014-09-05T10:10:21.000Z},
 accessed = {2014-09-05},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {58d47d98-a4f4-3ac1-a79d-2d252a797376},
 last_modified = {2017-12-16T15:42:38.754Z},
 read = {true},
 starred = {true},
 authored = {true},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 citation_key = {Rovere2011b},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {The western part of the Liguria Region (NW Mediterranean Sea) has been reported as tectonically stable to slowly uplifting since the Late Pleistocene. Despite good knowledge of the coastal geomorphological features above sea level, very little information is available on the characteristics of the underwater coastlines. Direct and indirect underwater surveys carried out in the area between Vado Ligure and Finale Ligure (Western Liguria) allowed the identification of several surfaces of marine origin, in four sites, at three depth intervals: 8-13. m, 17-23. m and 27-30. m. These values appear to be in bathymetric analogy with those reported by other authors along the Italian coastlines, in areas where the tectonic movements along the Late Quaternary are considered negligible on the basis of the elevation of the MIS 5.5 shoreline. Although few chronological constraints are possible due to the lack of dateable material, the marine morphologies identified in this study constrain their ages to the Middle and Late Quaternary. © 2010 Elsevier Ltd and INQUA.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Rovere, Alessio and Vacchi, Matteo and Firpo, Marco and Carobene, Luigi},
 doi = {10.1016/j.quaint.2010.05.016},
 journal = {Quaternary International},
 number = {1-2}
}

The western part of the Liguria Region (NW Mediterranean Sea) has been reported as tectonically stable to slowly uplifting since the Late Pleistocene. Despite good knowledge of the coastal geomorphological features above sea level, very little information is available on the characteristics of the underwater coastlines. Direct and indirect underwater surveys carried out in the area between Vado Ligure and Finale Ligure (Western Liguria) allowed the identification of several surfaces of marine origin, in four sites, at three depth intervals: 8-13. m, 17-23. m and 27-30. m. These values appear to be in bathymetric analogy with those reported by other authors along the Italian coastlines, in areas where the tectonic movements along the Late Quaternary are considered negligible on the basis of the elevation of the MIS 5.5 shoreline. Although few chronological constraints are possible due to the lack of dateable material, the marine morphologies identified in this study constrain their ages to the Middle and Late Quaternary. © 2010 Elsevier Ltd and INQUA.

@article{
 title = {From geoheritage to sustainable development: Strategies and perspectives in the Beigua Geopark (italy)},
 type = {article},
 year = {2011},
 keywords = {Geodiversity,Geoheritage,Geoparks,Geotourism,Sustainable development},
 pages = {63-72},
 volume = {3},
 websites = {http://www.springerlink.com/index/626P30LH463U157L.pdf},
 publisher = {Springer},
 day = {1},
 id = {0b727f44-9e85-3482-8815-6285171ac31c},
 created = {2014-09-08T07:00:07.000Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {58d47d98-a4f4-3ac1-a79d-2d252a797376},
 last_modified = {2017-12-16T15:42:41.088Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {true},
 authored = {true},
 confirmed = {false},
 hidden = {false},
 citation_key = {Burlando2011},
 source_type = {JOUR},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {The consequence of assessing the natural and cultural heritage of a territory is the need of tools for their management. The European Geoparks Network and the Global Geoparks Network (assisted by UNESCO) have the function to provide these tools, aiming at promoting the sustainable development of a territory through the valorization and conservation of its natural and cultural heritage. Becoming an international recognised Geopark in 2005, the Beigua territory has gathered increasing attention from local authorities, tourism operators, entrepreneurs, universities and research institutions, schools, volunteers and environmental associations. During the last 5 years Beigua Geopark developed several projects and acted to raise public awareness on nature conservation. Thanks to effective collaboration with geoscientists, local authorities and tourism organisations, Beigua Geopark set up a},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Burlando, Maurizio and Firpo, Marco and Queirolo, Cristiano and Rovere, Alessio and Vacchi, Matteo},
 doi = {10.1007/s12371-010-0019-4},
 journal = {Geoheritage},
 number = {2}
}

The consequence of assessing the natural and cultural heritage of a territory is the need of tools for their management. The European Geoparks Network and the Global Geoparks Network (assisted by UNESCO) have the function to provide these tools, aiming at promoting the sustainable development of a territory through the valorization and conservation of its natural and cultural heritage. Becoming an international recognised Geopark in 2005, the Beigua territory has gathered increasing attention from local authorities, tourism operators, entrepreneurs, universities and research institutions, schools, volunteers and environmental associations. During the last 5 years Beigua Geopark developed several projects and acted to raise public awareness on nature conservation. Thanks to effective collaboration with geoscientists, local authorities and tourism organisations, Beigua Geopark set up a

@article{
 title = {Combining geomorphologic, biological and accessibility values for marine natural heritage evaluation and conservation},
 type = {article},
 year = {2011},
 keywords = {SEAMAP},
 pages = {541-552},
 volume = {21},
 websites = {http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/aqc.1214/full,papers2://publication/doi/10.1002/aqc.1214},
 publisher = {Wiley Online Library},
 day = {1},
 id = {5b378235-f8b4-3078-b6ab-1a3cb300df3b},
 created = {2014-09-08T07:00:07.000Z},
 file_attached = {true},
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 starred = {true},
 authored = {true},
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 citation_key = {Rovere2011a},
 source_type = {JOUR},
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 abstract = {1. Natural heritage is the complex of geomorphologic and biological elements worthy of conservation. 2. Especially in the marine environment, conservation effort is often focused on the biological elements only, while multi-disciplinary approaches, including abiotic elements and social issues, are needed. 3. A procedure to evaluate the Marine Natural Heritage (MNH) as a whole, integrating geomorphology and biology, was tested in two coastal areas in the Ligurian Sea (NW Mediterranean): Punta Manara, a European Site of Community Interest (SCI), and Finale – Vado Ligure (non-SCI). In each area, scuba surveys were carried out at six sites to categorize subtidal landforms and habitats, and these were then used as evaluation units for assigning scores to subcategories of both geomorphological (Integrity, Representativeness, Rarity, Paleogeographic, Aesthetic) and biological (Naturalness, Vulnerability, Rarity, Economic, Aesthetic) categories. 4. Four sites in the area of Punta Manara obtained high scores, thus fully justifying the special management measures required for SCI implementation. However, two sites in the Finale – Vado Ligure area exhibited biological heritage values higher than those of Punta Manara, while a third site exhibited values comparable with those of Punta Manara when considering both biology and geomorphology. This highlighted the presence of features worth conserving also in non-SIC situations. 5. Accessibility to scuba divers was evaluated by means of a simple scheme, and added information on the perception of MNH in the study sites. 6. It is suggested that the evaluation system may be used, with appropriate benchmarking, in other areas for the selection of sites proposed for legal protection or special management measures, based on their natural heritage values.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Rovere, Alessio and Parravicini, Valeriano and Firpo, Marco and Morri, Carla and Nike Bianchi, Carlo},
 doi = {10.1002/aqc.1214},
 journal = {Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems},
 number = {6}
}

1. Natural heritage is the complex of geomorphologic and biological elements worthy of conservation. 2. Especially in the marine environment, conservation effort is often focused on the biological elements only, while multi-disciplinary approaches, including abiotic elements and social issues, are needed. 3. A procedure to evaluate the Marine Natural Heritage (MNH) as a whole, integrating geomorphology and biology, was tested in two coastal areas in the Ligurian Sea (NW Mediterranean): Punta Manara, a European Site of Community Interest (SCI), and Finale – Vado Ligure (non-SCI). In each area, scuba surveys were carried out at six sites to categorize subtidal landforms and habitats, and these were then used as evaluation units for assigning scores to subcategories of both geomorphological (Integrity, Representativeness, Rarity, Paleogeographic, Aesthetic) and biological (Naturalness, Vulnerability, Rarity, Economic, Aesthetic) categories. 4. Four sites in the area of Punta Manara obtained high scores, thus fully justifying the special management measures required for SCI implementation. However, two sites in the Finale – Vado Ligure area exhibited biological heritage values higher than those of Punta Manara, while a third site exhibited values comparable with those of Punta Manara when considering both biology and geomorphology. This highlighted the presence of features worth conserving also in non-SIC situations. 5. Accessibility to scuba divers was evaluated by means of a simple scheme, and added information on the perception of MNH in the study sites. 6. It is suggested that the evaluation system may be used, with appropriate benchmarking, in other areas for the selection of sites proposed for legal protection or special management measures, based on their natural heritage values.

@article{
 title = {Relative sea level change at the archaeological site of Pyrgi (Santa Severa, Rome) during the last seven millennia},
 type = {article},
 year = {2011},
 pages = {82-91},
 volume = {232},
 websites = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1040618210002661},
 month = {2},
 publisher = {Pergamon},
 day = {15},
 id = {c4cc318a-46e6-3e69-a4ba-f2208d539d1f},
 created = {2018-07-29T13:30:39.380Z},
 accessed = {2018-07-29},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {58d47d98-a4f4-3ac1-a79d-2d252a797376},
 last_modified = {2018-09-14T15:34:22.328Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {true},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 citation_key = {Rovere2011c},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {New data are presented for late Holocene relative sea level change for one of the older harbors of the Mediterranean Sea. Data are based on measurements of submerged archaeological remains, indicating past sea level and shoreline positions. The study has been carried out at Pyrgi (Santa Severa), an important Etruscan archaeological site located in central Italy, 52 km north of Rome. Underwater geomorphological features (a large shore platform) and archaeological remains (a Roman dock, two fishtanks, and wells of Etruscan age) connected to relative sea level and to the shoreline during the last 7 millennia have been measured and compared with current glacio-hydro-isostatic theoretical models in order to reconstruct the long-term shoreline evolution and to evaluate coastal tectonic vertical movements, so far derived for this area only from Last Interglacial (125 ka) sea level markers.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Rovere, Alessio and Enei, Flavio and Giorgi, Stefano},
 doi = {10.1016/J.QUAINT.2010.07.003},
 journal = {Quaternary International},
 number = {1-2}
}

New data are presented for late Holocene relative sea level change for one of the older harbors of the Mediterranean Sea. Data are based on measurements of submerged archaeological remains, indicating past sea level and shoreline positions. The study has been carried out at Pyrgi (Santa Severa), an important Etruscan archaeological site located in central Italy, 52 km north of Rome. Underwater geomorphological features (a large shore platform) and archaeological remains (a Roman dock, two fishtanks, and wells of Etruscan age) connected to relative sea level and to the shoreline during the last 7 millennia have been measured and compared with current glacio-hydro-isostatic theoretical models in order to reconstruct the long-term shoreline evolution and to evaluate coastal tectonic vertical movements, so far derived for this area only from Last Interglacial (125 ka) sea level markers.

@inproceedings{
 title = {Spatial distribution of the paleo-shorelines in Lesvos Island. Evidence of differential coastal uplift in the area?},
 type = {inproceedings},
 year = {2010},
 pages = {53-54},
 volume = {11},
 issue = {1},
 websites = {papers2://publication/uuid/12B8F20A-D6E6-4791-941F-FA0EDECCB57F},
 day = {1},
 id = {9e39f1dd-dbf8-32bb-adab-4ad3b32559f5},
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 source_type = {JOUR},
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 bibtype = {inproceedings},
 author = {Vacchi, Matteo and Rovere, Alessio and Zouros, Nickolas and Firpo, Marco},
 booktitle = {Rendiconti Online Societa Geologica Italiana}
}

@inproceedings{
 title = {Submerged shorelines off the Gallinara Island (Ligurian Sea, NW Mediterranean)},
 type = {inproceedings},
 year = {2010},
 keywords = {Ligurian sea,Marine landforms,Underwater geomorphology},
 pages = {46-47},
 volume = {11},
 issue = {1},
 websites = {papers2://publication/uuid/A625702B-91E0-4048-A5D5-E5A54F219878},
 day = {1},
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 read = {false},
 starred = {true},
 authored = {true},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 citation_key = {Rovere2010c},
 source_type = {JOUR},
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 bibtype = {inproceedings},
 author = {Rovere, Alessio and Vacchi, Matteo and Firpo, Marco},
 booktitle = {Rendiconti Online Societa Geologica Italiana}
}

@article{
 title = {Bringing geoheritage underwater: methodological approaches to evaluation and mapping},
 type = {article},
 year = {2010},
 pages = {65-80},
 volume = {35},
 websites = {http://www.unil.ch/webdav/site/igul/shared/Geovisions/Geovisions35/Geovisions35_IGUL_5_Rovere.pdf,file:///Users/alessiorovere/Library/Application Support/Papers2/Articles/2010/Rovere/Lausanne Institut de G�ographie Travaux et Recherches 2010 Rovere.pdf,pa},
 day = {1},
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 file_attached = {true},
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 last_modified = {2017-12-16T16:44:22.967Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {true},
 authored = {true},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 citation_key = {Rovere2010e},
 source_type = {JOUR},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {The valorisation of the natural heritage (here intended as the complex of biotic and abiotic elements of nature worthy of conservation) assumed a growing importance in the last years, leading to place biodiversity and geodiversity concepts side by side (Brilha, 2002). This in turn channelled efforts to protect not only biotopes, but also the associated physical landscape or environment through the identification of geo- sites or geomorphosites (Panizza & Piacente, 1993; Panizza, 2001; Reynard, 2004, 2005). In the field of abiotic heritage evaluation, various methods have been pro- posed for the recognition of scientific and additional values of relevant geological and geomorphological sites (Panizza, 2001; Coratza & Giusti, 2005; Pereira et al., 2007; Reynard et al., 2007; Serrano & Ruiz Flaño, 2007; Zouros, 2007). Natural heri- tage studies cover most types of environments, from mountain and subterranean areas to plains and coasts. Nevertheless, while many approaches to valorisation of natural heritage are reported for emerged shorelines (e.g. Carobene & Firpo, 2005; Zouros, 2007), research on coastal submerged areas (Orrù & Ulzega, 1988; Orrù et al., 2005) still lacks common schemes and approaches when compared with studies dealing with marine ecological resources (Bianchi,},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Rovere, Alessio and Vacchi, Matteo and Parravicini, Valeriano and Morri, Carla and Bianchi, Carlo Nike and Firpo, Marco},
 journal = {Mapping Geoheritage}
}

The valorisation of the natural heritage (here intended as the complex of biotic and abiotic elements of nature worthy of conservation) assumed a growing importance in the last years, leading to place biodiversity and geodiversity concepts side by side (Brilha, 2002). This in turn channelled efforts to protect not only biotopes, but also the associated physical landscape or environment through the identification of geo- sites or geomorphosites (Panizza & Piacente, 1993; Panizza, 2001; Reynard, 2004, 2005). In the field of abiotic heritage evaluation, various methods have been pro- posed for the recognition of scientific and additional values of relevant geological and geomorphological sites (Panizza, 2001; Coratza & Giusti, 2005; Pereira et al., 2007; Reynard et al., 2007; Serrano & Ruiz Flaño, 2007; Zouros, 2007). Natural heri- tage studies cover most types of environments, from mountain and subterranean areas to plains and coasts. Nevertheless, while many approaches to valorisation of natural heritage are reported for emerged shorelines (e.g. Carobene & Firpo, 2005; Zouros, 2007), research on coastal submerged areas (Orrù & Ulzega, 1988; Orrù et al., 2005) still lacks common schemes and approaches when compared with studies dealing with marine ecological resources (Bianchi,

@article{
 title = {Bringing geoheritage underwater: definitions, methods, and application in two Mediterranean marine areas},
 type = {article},
 year = {2010},
 pages = {133-142},
 volume = {64},
 websites = {http://www.springerlink.com/index/10.1007/s12665-010-0824-8,papers2://publication/doi/10.1007/s12665-010-0824-8},
 publisher = {Springer},
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 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Rovere, Alessio and Vacchi, Matteo and Parravicini, Valeriano and Bianchi, C N and Zouros, N and Firpo, Marco},
 journal = {Environmental Earth Sciences},
 number = {1},
 keywords = {SEAMAP}
}

@article{
 title = {Posidonia oceanica through time: modern and paleoecological perspectives from the Bergeggi Vado Ligure area (SV)},
 type = {article},
 year = {2010},
 pages = {157-160},
 volume = {17},
 websites = {file:///Users/alessiorovere/Library/Application Support/Papers2/Articles/2010/Rovere/Biologia Marina Mediterranea 2010 Rovere.pdf,papers2://publication/uuid/DB5DB04C-14BF-4721-B0F2-31534A446756},
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 authored = {true},
 confirmed = {true},
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 citation_key = {Rovere2010a},
 source_type = {JOUR},
 private_publication = {false},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Rovere, Alessio and Montefalcone, Monica and Vassallo, P and Paoli, C and Vacchi, Matteo and Morri, Carla and Bianchi, C N and Firpo, Marco and Albertelli, G and Fabiano, M},
 journal = {Biologia Marina Mediterranea},
 number = {1}
}

@article{
 title = {Decadal evolution of a coralligenous ecosystem under the influence of human impacts and climate change},
 type = {article},
 year = {2010},
 pages = {59-62},
 volume = {17},
 websites = {http://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=related:r6mrEV4GzVkJ:scholar.google.com/&hl=en&num=30&as_sdt=0,5,papers2://publication/uuid/CBE924FF-6640-49CB-BA39-17B6FF700E6B},
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 starred = {true},
 authored = {true},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 citation_key = {Roghi2010a},
 source_type = {JOUR},
 private_publication = {false},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Roghi, F and Parravicini, Valeriano and Montefalcone, Monica and Rovere, Alessio and Morri, Carla and Peirano, A and Firpo, Marco and Bianchi, C N and Salvati, E},
 journal = {Biologia Marina Mediterranea},
 number = {1}
}

@article{
 title = {Geo-environmental cartography of the marine protected area "isola di bergeggi" (Liguria, NW mediterranean sea)},
 type = {article},
 year = {2010},
 volume = {6},
 id = {55687a94-b6dc-350b-981f-96d410e8f759},
 created = {2017-11-28T05:16:10.850Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {58d47d98-a4f4-3ac1-a79d-2d252a797376},
 last_modified = {2018-02-23T09:49:16.281Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {true},
 authored = {true},
 confirmed = {false},
 hidden = {false},
 citation_key = {Rovere2010},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) are considered one of the main tools for conservation, valorisation and management of coastal marine environments, and are defined by Italian Law (derived from European directives) as territories with "physical, geological, geomorphological and biological features having relevant naturalistic and environmental value". While the bionomic mapping of MPAs has received large attention by researchers, MPA geological or geomorphological cartographies have been seldom realized. In this study we present a geomorphological cartography, comprising also environmental themes having a geomorphological significance, realized in the MPA "Isola di Bergeggi".},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Rovere, A. and Parravicini, V. and Vacchi, M. and Montefalcone, M. and Morri, C. and Bianchi, C.N. and Firpo, M.},
 doi = {10.4113/jom.2010.1137},
 journal = {Journal of Maps}
}

Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) are considered one of the main tools for conservation, valorisation and management of coastal marine environments, and are defined by Italian Law (derived from European directives) as territories with "physical, geological, geomorphological and biological features having relevant naturalistic and environmental value". While the bionomic mapping of MPAs has received large attention by researchers, MPA geological or geomorphological cartographies have been seldom realized. In this study we present a geomorphological cartography, comprising also environmental themes having a geomorphological significance, realized in the MPA "Isola di Bergeggi".

@article{
 title = {Le variazioni ambientali nell'area di Vado Ligure dal Neolitico ad oggi},
 type = {article},
 year = {2008},
 pages = {433-456},
 volume = {21},
 websites = {http://www.researchgate.net/publication/242398614_Le_variazioni_ambientali_nell'area_di_Vado_Ligure_dal_Neolitico_ad_oggi/file/3deec51e058c4a59b0.pdf},
 id = {4f198940-c283-3203-ac71-459973900009},
 created = {2014-09-05T10:21:41.000Z},
 accessed = {2014-09-05},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {58d47d98-a4f4-3ac1-a79d-2d252a797376},
 last_modified = {2018-02-02T20:26:22.280Z},
 read = {true},
 starred = {true},
 authored = {true},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 citation_key = {Carobene2008},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {Seismic profiles and 13 drilling cores were studied in the Vado Ligure Gulf, in front of the Segno river delta. The study area is located 4-5 Km SW from Savona, along the western Ligurian coast. The Holocene transgression highlighted by the surveys was related to the variations of the landscape in the last 8-9000 years; this period corresponds to the beginning and the development of the Neolithic. Subaerial (Fig. 1) and marine (Fig. 2) morphological features were taken into account in order to compare the recent evolution of the study area with the most important Quaternary events, such as eustatism and tectonic activity. These two events are documented by 5 orders of marine terraces comprised between 185 and 35 m a.s.l.; this allowed us to conclude that the tectonic rising rates of the study area during Quaternary have been low, and successively decreased. This evidence supported the assertion that the study area has been substantially stable during Holocene. Moreover, systems of Quaternary faults have conditioned the direction of crests and the drainage patterns. The cores, 10 of which were made in the marine part of the study area, allowed us to recognize the substratum, that is constituted by lower Pliocene marly clays, by the continental deposits referable to the low eustatic stand (Würm) and by the marine sedimentary body of the Holocene transgression (Fig. 8). The marine deposits of the Tyrrhenian transgression (Stage 5.5) are absent. 25 C14 datings provided calibrated ages comprised between 8225 and 510 yrs BP; the data were used to obtain the chronostrati- graphy of the marine deposit (Fig. 12). The correlation of the results obtained by the seismic profile analysis (Fig. 4), by the sedimento- logical study of the drilling cores (Fig. 5) and by the C14 datings allowed us to recognize a transgressive phase, which ended 6000 yrs BP; a period of relative eustatic standing (from 6000 to 5000 yrs BP); a subsequent period of progradation (from 5000 to 1800 yrs BP) and, finally, the period of the interglacial high eustatic stand that continues to the present (Fig. 14). The whole sedimentary marine body reaches a thickness of about 14 meters. The various stages of the eustatic sea level rise were reconstructed along a geologic profile that continues landward. The seismic profile was documented by the alignment of 9 cores; this allowed us to recognize the shorelines dated 8000 BP (-12 m), 7000 BP (-6,5 m), 6000 BP (-3 m), and 5000 BP (-1,5 m) (Fig. 14). On the basis of these data an eustatic curve was obtained (Fig.15) and the large modifications of the landscape caused by the Holocene transgression were recognised. About 9000 yrs BP a large surface with a low inclination spread landward for at least 1 Km; taking into account the improvement of the clima- te, this plain could be used for agriculture. However, in the space of 3000 years, the plain was flooded by the rising sea level, while the valley floor of the Segno river became inhospitable, because it began to be flooded by continuous inundations. After a period of relati- ve stability, that had lasted since 5000 yrs BP, the continued accumulation of debris along the coast caused the progradation of both the emerged and submerged beaches and the contemporaneous aggradation of the alluvial plain of the Segno river. This drove the ancient inhabitants to live and build mainly on the hillsides, mainly in the terraced surfaces. Starting from 8000 yrs BP till present, the coastline became again relatively stable; in the sea bottom the deposition of the sedimentary sequence relative to the last eustatic interglacial peak began. The alluvial plain of the Segno river became stable again or useful for agriculture, even if not in a permanent way. The reduction of space and the probable increase in the population lead to the use of deforestation; this started with the washing of the hillsides and the erosion of soils, as documented by the thick silty-clayey body that rapidly formed in the marine area.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Carobene, Luigi and Firpo, Marco and Rovere, Alessio},
 journal = {Il Quaternario},
 number = {2}
}

Seismic profiles and 13 drilling cores were studied in the Vado Ligure Gulf, in front of the Segno river delta. The study area is located 4-5 Km SW from Savona, along the western Ligurian coast. The Holocene transgression highlighted by the surveys was related to the variations of the landscape in the last 8-9000 years; this period corresponds to the beginning and the development of the Neolithic. Subaerial (Fig. 1) and marine (Fig. 2) morphological features were taken into account in order to compare the recent evolution of the study area with the most important Quaternary events, such as eustatism and tectonic activity. These two events are documented by 5 orders of marine terraces comprised between 185 and 35 m a.s.l.; this allowed us to conclude that the tectonic rising rates of the study area during Quaternary have been low, and successively decreased. This evidence supported the assertion that the study area has been substantially stable during Holocene. Moreover, systems of Quaternary faults have conditioned the direction of crests and the drainage patterns. The cores, 10 of which were made in the marine part of the study area, allowed us to recognize the substratum, that is constituted by lower Pliocene marly clays, by the continental deposits referable to the low eustatic stand (Würm) and by the marine sedimentary body of the Holocene transgression (Fig. 8). The marine deposits of the Tyrrhenian transgression (Stage 5.5) are absent. 25 C14 datings provided calibrated ages comprised between 8225 and 510 yrs BP; the data were used to obtain the chronostrati- graphy of the marine deposit (Fig. 12). The correlation of the results obtained by the seismic profile analysis (Fig. 4), by the sedimento- logical study of the drilling cores (Fig. 5) and by the C14 datings allowed us to recognize a transgressive phase, which ended 6000 yrs BP; a period of relative eustatic standing (from 6000 to 5000 yrs BP); a subsequent period of progradation (from 5000 to 1800 yrs BP) and, finally, the period of the interglacial high eustatic stand that continues to the present (Fig. 14). The whole sedimentary marine body reaches a thickness of about 14 meters. The various stages of the eustatic sea level rise were reconstructed along a geologic profile that continues landward. The seismic profile was documented by the alignment of 9 cores; this allowed us to recognize the shorelines dated 8000 BP (-12 m), 7000 BP (-6,5 m), 6000 BP (-3 m), and 5000 BP (-1,5 m) (Fig. 14). On the basis of these data an eustatic curve was obtained (Fig.15) and the large modifications of the landscape caused by the Holocene transgression were recognised. About 9000 yrs BP a large surface with a low inclination spread landward for at least 1 Km; taking into account the improvement of the clima- te, this plain could be used for agriculture. However, in the space of 3000 years, the plain was flooded by the rising sea level, while the valley floor of the Segno river became inhospitable, because it began to be flooded by continuous inundations. After a period of relati- ve stability, that had lasted since 5000 yrs BP, the continued accumulation of debris along the coast caused the progradation of both the emerged and submerged beaches and the contemporaneous aggradation of the alluvial plain of the Segno river. This drove the ancient inhabitants to live and build mainly on the hillsides, mainly in the terraced surfaces. Starting from 8000 yrs BP till present, the coastline became again relatively stable; in the sea bottom the deposition of the sedimentary sequence relative to the last eustatic interglacial peak began. The alluvial plain of the Segno river became stable again or useful for agriculture, even if not in a permanent way. The reduction of space and the probable increase in the population lead to the use of deforestation; this started with the washing of the hillsides and the erosion of soils, as documented by the thick silty-clayey body that rapidly formed in the marine area.

@article{
 title = {Abiotic and biotic links work two ways: effects on the deposit at the cliff foot induced by mechanical action of date mussel harvesting (Lithophaga lithophaga)},
 type = {article},
 year = {2008},
 pages = {333-339},
 volume = {32},
 websites = {http://www.springerlink.com/index/fl088h3504448p08.pdf,papers2://publication/uuid/66981AC6-1E06-4035-91EC-6F3939A682E7,http://www.springerlink.com/index/10.1007/s12237-008-9127-7,papers2://publication/doi/10.1007/s12237-008-9127-7},
 publisher = {Springer},
 day = {17},
 id = {9b2acc3e-a415-3c20-946c-1d0aec605b40},
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 citation_key = {Rovere2008},
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 notes = {<b>From Duplicate 1 ( </b><br/><b><br/><i>Abiotic and biotic links work two ways: effects on the deposit at the cliff foot induced by mechanical action of date mussel harvesting (Lithophaga lithophaga)</i><br/></b><br/><b>- Rovere, Alessio; Bellati, S; Parravicini, Valeriano; Firpo, Marco; Morri, Carla )<br/><br/></b>},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {Abstract The existence of linkages between ecological and geomorphological processes and the influence of human activities both on the biota and on geomorphology is well known for terrestrial environments, while it has been seldom reported for submerged ones. A ... 
},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Rovere, Alessio and Bellati, Stefano and Parravicini, Valeriano and Firpo, Marco and Morri, Carla and Bianchi, Carlo Nike},
 journal = {Estuaries and Coasts},
 number = {2}
}

Abstract The existence of linkages between ecological and geomorphological processes and the influence of human activities both on the biota and on geomorphology is well known for terrestrial environments, while it has been seldom reported for submerged ones. A ...

@article{
 title = {Nature emergencies in the marine protected area of Bergeggi (Ligurian Sea): integrating biological, ecological and geomorphological aspects},
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 title = {Preliminary study on the coralligenousof the Bergeggi area: typologies and hypoteses on its maintenance},
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@article{
 title = {Surveys of the Punta Manara shoals: an ecotipological approach},
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 year = {2006},
 pages = {210-211},
 volume = {13},
 websites = {http://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=related:FdTVX5t7wRkJ:scholar.google.com/&hl=en&num=30&as_sdt=0,5,papers2://publication/uuid/4289FF8C-034F-496D-AFEA-337C593F6F47},
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 journal = {Biologia Marina Mediterranea}
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@article{
 title = {A method to measure three-dimensional substratum rugosity for ecological studies: an example from the date-mussel fishery desertification in the north-western Mediterranean},
 type = {article},
 year = {2006},
 pages = {689},
 volume = {86},
 websites = {http://journals.cambridge.org/abstract_S0025315406013579,http://journals.cambridge.org/production/action/cjoGetFulltext?fulltextid=446508,papers2://publication/uuid/706F88D9-55F7-4B13-ABCD-9BA20F3C3686,http://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract_S002531540},
 publisher = {Cambridge Univ Press},
 day = {11},
 id = {3b752e25-766b-3c84-93ae-0db85fd80de5},
 created = {2014-09-05T10:10:21.000Z},
 accessed = {2014-09-05},
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 notes = {<b>From Duplicate 1 ( </b><br/><br/><b><br/><i>A method to measure three-dimensional substratum rugosity for ecological studies: an example from the date-mussel fishery desertification in the north-western Mediterranean</i><br/></b><br/><br/><b>- Parravicini, Valeriano; Rovere, Alessio; Donato, Marco; Morri, Carla; Bianchi, Carlo Nike )<br/><br/></b>},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {The impact of date-mussel fishery on substratum rugosity was evaluated at Capo Noli and Isola di Bergeggi (Savona, north-western Italian coast) in the summer of 2004. A new measure of substratum rugosity was used as a surface-dependent index of complexity. The results were compared between impact and control sites using two-way analysis of variance and suggested that the mussel fishery reduces substratum complexity.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Parravicini, Valeriano and Rovere, Alessio and Donato, Marco and Morri, Carlo and Bianchi, Carlo Nike},
 doi = {10.1017/S0025315406013579},
 journal = {Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the UK},
 number = {04},
 keywords = {Biology}
}

The impact of date-mussel fishery on substratum rugosity was evaluated at Capo Noli and Isola di Bergeggi (Savona, north-western Italian coast) in the summer of 2004. A new measure of substratum rugosity was used as a surface-dependent index of complexity. The results were compared between impact and control sites using two-way analysis of variance and suggested that the mussel fishery reduces substratum complexity.