@article{park_impact_2023,
	title = {The impact of {COVID}-19 and anti-immigration policy on an undocumented student in the {United} {States}: a qualitative case study},
	volume = {7},
	shorttitle = {The impact of {COVID}-19 and anti-immigration policy on an undocumented student in the {United} {States}},
	url = {https://www.joghr.org/article/75168-the-impact-of-covid-19-and-anti-immigration-policy-on-an-undocumented-student-in-the-united-states-a-qualitative-case-study},
	doi = {10.29392/001c.75168},
	abstract = {\# Background The change of Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals (DACA) program has significantly impacted DACA students' mental health in the United States. The study aimed to conduct a qualitative case study for understanding the effects of DACA program on one undocumented college student's life during the COVID-19 pandemic. \# Methods We conducted a two-component qualitative case study, the online survey and the subsequent in-depth interview, with a DACA college student, Leah (pseudonym), in California who was in an ongoing fear of deportation before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. We used Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) and General Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) in the online survey to measure her level of depression and anxiety. QSR NVivo was used to analyze the verbatim transcription. \# Results Leah's anxiety and depression level just before the Supreme Court's decision to the DACA termination in June 2020 was higher than during the COVID-19 pandemic in 2021. Leah's concern still remained due to the uncertain legal status in the United States even after the presidential election. \# Conclusions During 2020-2022, the anti-immigration policy, the COVID-19 pandemic, and the presidential election has impacted a DACA student's mental health status. However, because of the unstable legal status and fear of deportation in the United States, our participant's anxiety and depression level maintained high. From our participant's standpoint, more policy support is needed to sustain her legal status, financial stability, and mental health during the pandemic.},
	language = {en},
	urldate = {2023-09-28},
	journal = {Journal of Global Health Reports},
	author = {Park, Chulwoo and Shimada, Shannon and Angelica, Patricia},
	month = sep,
	year = {2023},
	note = {Publisher: International Society of Global Health},
	keywords = {/unread},
	pages = {e2023016},
}

# Background The change of Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals (DACA) program has significantly impacted DACA students' mental health in the United States. The study aimed to conduct a qualitative case study for understanding the effects of DACA program on one undocumented college student's life during the COVID-19 pandemic. # Methods We conducted a two-component qualitative case study, the online survey and the subsequent in-depth interview, with a DACA college student, Leah (pseudonym), in California who was in an ongoing fear of deportation before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. We used Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) and General Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) in the online survey to measure her level of depression and anxiety. QSR NVivo was used to analyze the verbatim transcription. # Results Leah's anxiety and depression level just before the Supreme Court's decision to the DACA termination in June 2020 was higher than during the COVID-19 pandemic in 2021. Leah's concern still remained due to the uncertain legal status in the United States even after the presidential election. # Conclusions During 2020-2022, the anti-immigration policy, the COVID-19 pandemic, and the presidential election has impacted a DACA student's mental health status. However, because of the unstable legal status and fear of deportation in the United States, our participant's anxiety and depression level maintained high. From our participant's standpoint, more policy support is needed to sustain her legal status, financial stability, and mental health during the pandemic.

@article{lee_individuals_2023,
	title = {Individuals’ experiences in {U}.{S}. immigration detention during the early period of the {COVID}-19 pandemic: major challenges and public health implications},
	volume = {11},
	issn = {2194-7899},
	shorttitle = {Individuals’ experiences in {U}.{S}. immigration detention during the early period of the {COVID}-19 pandemic},
	url = {https://doi.org/10.1186/s40352-023-00211-2},
	doi = {10.1186/s40352-023-00211-2},
	abstract = {Individuals held in carceral settings were significantly impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic. However, limited research exists of the direct experiences of individuals detained by the United States (U.S.) Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE). This study illustrates the major challenges described by individuals held in ICE’s immigration detention centers during the initial spread of COVID-19.},
	number = {1},
	urldate = {2023-09-28},
	journal = {Health \& Justice},
	author = {Lee, Caroline H. and Uppal, Nishant and Erfani, Parsa and Sandoval, Raquel Sofia and Hampton, Kathryn and Mishori, Ranit and Peeler, Katherine R.},
	month = feb,
	year = {2023},
	keywords = {/unread, COVID-19, Immigrant health, Immigration detention, Migrant health, Qualitative analysis},
	pages = {8},
}

Individuals held in carceral settings were significantly impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic. However, limited research exists of the direct experiences of individuals detained by the United States (U.S.) Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE). This study illustrates the major challenges described by individuals held in ICE’s immigration detention centers during the initial spread of COVID-19.

@misc{noauthor_floridas_2023,
	title = {Florida’s {Recent} {Immigration} {Law} {Could} {Have} {Stark} {Impacts} for {Families} and the {State}’s {Economy}},
	url = {https://www.kff.org/policy-watch/floridas-recent-immigration-law-could-have-stark-impacts-for-families-and-the-states-economy/},
	abstract = {This policy watch explains the key provisions in Florida’s 2023 immigration law and discusses its implications for immigrant families as well as the state’s workforce.},
	language = {en-US},
	urldate = {2023-06-22},
	journal = {KFF},
	month = jun,
	year = {2023},
}

This policy watch explains the key provisions in Florida’s 2023 immigration law and discusses its implications for immigrant families as well as the state’s workforce.

@misc{2022_2022_2022,
	title = {2022 {Changes} to the {Public} {Charge} {Inadmissibility} {Rule} and the {Implications} for {Health} {Care}},
	url = {https://www.kff.org/racial-equity-and-health-policy/issue-brief/2022-changes-to-the-public-charge-inadmissibility-rule-and-the-implications-for-health-care/},
	abstract = {This brief provides background on public charge, describes the 2019 policy changes and their chilling effects, and reviews provisions of the 2022 public charge rule and its implications for immigra…},
	language = {en-US},
	urldate = {2023-06-22},
	journal = {KFF},
	author = {{2022}},
	month = may,
	year = {2022},
}

This brief provides background on public charge, describes the 2019 policy changes and their chilling effects, and reviews provisions of the 2022 public charge rule and its implications for immigra…

@misc{dec_20_health_2022,
	title = {Health {Coverage} and {Care} of {Immigrants}},
	url = {https://www.kff.org/racial-equity-and-health-policy/fact-sheet/health-coverage-and-care-of-immigrants/},
	abstract = {This fact sheet provides data on the health coverage and care of immigrants in the U.S. and highlights latest state actions to expand health coverage for immigrants.},
	language = {en-US},
	urldate = {2023-06-22},
	journal = {KFF},
	author = {Dec 20, Published: and {2022}},
	month = dec,
	year = {2022},
}

This fact sheet provides data on the health coverage and care of immigrants in the U.S. and highlights latest state actions to expand health coverage for immigrants.

@misc{documented_meet_2022,
	title = {Meet {SmartLINK}, the {App} {Tracking} {Nearly} a {Quarter} {Million} {Immigrants} – {The} {Markup}},
	url = {https://themarkup.org/the-breakdown/2022/06/27/meet-smartlink-the-app-tracking-nearly-a-quarter-million-immigrants},
	abstract = {Officials say the phone-based app is not meant to conduct “surveillance”—and a quick test didn’t raise red flags. But immigrants and advocates aren’t convinced},
	language = {en},
	urldate = {2023-06-22},
	author = {Documented, Giulia McDonnell Nieto del Rio of},
	month = jun,
	year = {2022},
	note = {Section: The Breakdown},
}

Officials say the phone-based app is not meant to conduct “surveillance”—and a quick test didn’t raise red flags. But immigrants and advocates aren’t convinced

@misc{noauthor_record_2022,
	title = {Record number of migrants put in {Alternatives} to {Detention} program by {Biden} administration},
	url = {https://www.wavy.com/news/world/record-number-of-migrants-put-in-alternatives-to-detention-program-by-biden-administration/},
	abstract = {A record 150,755 migrants have been placed by the federal government in the Alternatives to Detention program, which is a way to monitor asylum seekers without having to incarcerate them, according…},
	language = {en-US},
	urldate = {2022-01-06},
	month = jan,
	year = {2022},
	note = {Publication Title: WAVY.com},
	keywords = {\#nosource, notion},
}

A record 150,755 migrants have been placed by the federal government in the Alternatives to Detention program, which is a way to monitor asylum seekers without having to incarcerate them, according…

@article{parmar_mapping_2021,
	title = {Mapping factors associated with deaths in immigration detention in the {United} {States}, 2011-2018: {A} thematic analysis},
	volume = {2},
	issn = {2667-193X},
	shorttitle = {Mapping factors associated with deaths in immigration detention in the {United} {States}, 2011-2018},
	url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667193X21000326},
	doi = {10.1016/j.lana.2021.100040},
	abstract = {Background
Climate change, poverty, and violence increasingly drive migration to the United States. United States Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) detain some individuals while awaiting determination of immigration status or potential deportation. Over the last two decades, more than 200 individuals died in ICE detention. In this study, we aim to identify systemic issues related to deaths of individuals in ICE detention to potentially mitigate further harm.
Methods
The ICE Office of Detention Oversight conducts investigations after each death in detention, producing a report called a “Detainee Death Review”. To identify systemic issues in these deaths, we used thematic analysis to review 55 Detainee Death Reviews available between 2011 and 2018.
Findings
We identified 3 major themes of pervasive issues—Detainee Not Patient, System Over Patient, and Grossly Substandard Care— and 11 subthemes. Subthemes of culture of shortcuts, delays in care, and poor care delivered were present in the vast majority of cases. Subthemes bias and discrimination, language injustice, falsification of and inconsistencies between records and reports, willful indifference, security over health, communication breakdown, inadequate resources, failure of protective mechanisms, missing/ignoring red flags, and failure of emergency response were also prominent.
Interpretation
This study identified underlying systems issues within the medical care provided in ICE detention. While there are issues with language services, discrimination, and inadequate response to medical emergencies, the greatest issue is the lack of independent, external review. Greater transparency is required, so that adherence to basic standards of care for individuals in ICE detention can be better evaluated.
Funding
Haas Jr. Fund and the University of Southern California’s Equity Research Institute.},
	urldate = {2023-09-28},
	journal = {The Lancet Regional Health - Americas},
	author = {Parmar, Parveen and Ross, Madeline and Terp, Sophie and Kearl, Naomi and Fischer, Briah and Grassini, Molly and Ahmed, Sameer and Frenzen, Niels and Burner, Elizabeth},
	month = oct,
	year = {2021},
	keywords = {/unread, Deaths, Detention, Immigration},
	pages = {100040},
}

Background Climate change, poverty, and violence increasingly drive migration to the United States. United States Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) detain some individuals while awaiting determination of immigration status or potential deportation. Over the last two decades, more than 200 individuals died in ICE detention. In this study, we aim to identify systemic issues related to deaths of individuals in ICE detention to potentially mitigate further harm. Methods The ICE Office of Detention Oversight conducts investigations after each death in detention, producing a report called a “Detainee Death Review”. To identify systemic issues in these deaths, we used thematic analysis to review 55 Detainee Death Reviews available between 2011 and 2018. Findings We identified 3 major themes of pervasive issues—Detainee Not Patient, System Over Patient, and Grossly Substandard Care— and 11 subthemes. Subthemes of culture of shortcuts, delays in care, and poor care delivered were present in the vast majority of cases. Subthemes bias and discrimination, language injustice, falsification of and inconsistencies between records and reports, willful indifference, security over health, communication breakdown, inadequate resources, failure of protective mechanisms, missing/ignoring red flags, and failure of emergency response were also prominent. Interpretation This study identified underlying systems issues within the medical care provided in ICE detention. While there are issues with language services, discrimination, and inadequate response to medical emergencies, the greatest issue is the lack of independent, external review. Greater transparency is required, so that adherence to basic standards of care for individuals in ICE detention can be better evaluated. Funding Haas Jr. Fund and the University of Southern California’s Equity Research Institute.

@article{parmar_mapping_2021-1,
	title = {Mapping factors associated with deaths in immigration detention in the {United} {States}, 2011-2018: {A} thematic analysis},
	volume = {2},
	issn = {2667-193X},
	shorttitle = {Mapping factors associated with deaths in immigration detention in the {United} {States}, 2011-2018},
	url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667193X21000326},
	doi = {10.1016/j.lana.2021.100040},
	abstract = {Background
Climate change, poverty, and violence increasingly drive migration to the United States. United States Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) detain some individuals while awaiting determination of immigration status or potential deportation. Over the last two decades, more than 200 individuals died in ICE detention. In this study, we aim to identify systemic issues related to deaths of individuals in ICE detention to potentially mitigate further harm.
Methods
The ICE Office of Detention Oversight conducts investigations after each death in detention, producing a report called a “Detainee Death Review”. To identify systemic issues in these deaths, we used thematic analysis to review 55 Detainee Death Reviews available between 2011 and 2018.
Findings
We identified 3 major themes of pervasive issues—Detainee Not Patient, System Over Patient, and Grossly Substandard Care— and 11 subthemes. Subthemes of culture of shortcuts, delays in care, and poor care delivered were present in the vast majority of cases. Subthemes bias and discrimination, language injustice, falsification of and inconsistencies between records and reports, willful indifference, security over health, communication breakdown, inadequate resources, failure of protective mechanisms, missing/ignoring red flags, and failure of emergency response were also prominent.
Interpretation
This study identified underlying systems issues within the medical care provided in ICE detention. While there are issues with language services, discrimination, and inadequate response to medical emergencies, the greatest issue is the lack of independent, external review. Greater transparency is required, so that adherence to basic standards of care for individuals in ICE detention can be better evaluated.
Funding
Haas Jr. Fund and the University of Southern California’s Equity Research Institute.},
	urldate = {2023-09-28},
	journal = {The Lancet Regional Health - Americas},
	author = {Parmar, Parveen and Ross, Madeline and Terp, Sophie and Kearl, Naomi and Fischer, Briah and Grassini, Molly and Ahmed, Sameer and Frenzen, Niels and Burner, Elizabeth},
	month = oct,
	year = {2021},
	keywords = {/unread, Deaths, Detention, Immigration},
	pages = {100040},
}

Background Climate change, poverty, and violence increasingly drive migration to the United States. United States Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) detain some individuals while awaiting determination of immigration status or potential deportation. Over the last two decades, more than 200 individuals died in ICE detention. In this study, we aim to identify systemic issues related to deaths of individuals in ICE detention to potentially mitigate further harm. Methods The ICE Office of Detention Oversight conducts investigations after each death in detention, producing a report called a “Detainee Death Review”. To identify systemic issues in these deaths, we used thematic analysis to review 55 Detainee Death Reviews available between 2011 and 2018. Findings We identified 3 major themes of pervasive issues—Detainee Not Patient, System Over Patient, and Grossly Substandard Care— and 11 subthemes. Subthemes of culture of shortcuts, delays in care, and poor care delivered were present in the vast majority of cases. Subthemes bias and discrimination, language injustice, falsification of and inconsistencies between records and reports, willful indifference, security over health, communication breakdown, inadequate resources, failure of protective mechanisms, missing/ignoring red flags, and failure of emergency response were also prominent. Interpretation This study identified underlying systems issues within the medical care provided in ICE detention. While there are issues with language services, discrimination, and inadequate response to medical emergencies, the greatest issue is the lack of independent, external review. Greater transparency is required, so that adherence to basic standards of care for individuals in ICE detention can be better evaluated. Funding Haas Jr. Fund and the University of Southern California’s Equity Research Institute.

@article{erfani_suicide_2021,
	title = {Suicide rates of migrants in {United} {States} immigration detention (2010–2020)},
	volume = {8},
	issn = {2327-8994},
	url = {https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8334629/},
	doi = {10.3934/publichealth.2021031},
	abstract = {Objective
We determined the annual suicide rate of migrants detained by U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) in the past decade.

Methods
We performed a retrospective cohort analysis of the annual suicide rates for ICE detainees from federal fiscal years (FY) 2010–2020. Death date and cause of death were directly extracted from publicly available ICE Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) Library, ICE death reports, and ICE press releases. Annual suicide rates were calculated as suicides per 100,000 person-years and suicides per 100,000 admissions.

Results
From 2010–2019, the mean number of suicides per 100,000 person-years was 3.3 (standard deviation (SD): 2.6). In 2020, the suicide rate increased 5.3 times the prior 10-year average to 17.4 suicides per 100,000 person-years. When calculating suicide rate based on admissions per FY, the mean number of suicides from 2010–2019 per 100,000 admissions was 0.3 (SD: 0.3). In 2020, the suicide rate increased 11.0 times the prior 10-year average to 3.4 suicides per 100,000 admissions.

Conclusion
In 2020, the detainee suicide rate increased substantially compared to the past decade. This may point to a worsening mental health crisis in ICE detention.},
	number = {3},
	urldate = {2023-09-28},
	journal = {AIMS Public Health},
	author = {Erfani, Parsa and Chin, Elizabeth T and Lee, Caroline H and Uppal, Nishant and Peeler, Katherine R},
	month = may,
	year = {2021},
	pmid = {34395691},
	pmcid = {PMC8334629},
	keywords = {/unread},
	pages = {416--420},
}

Objective We determined the annual suicide rate of migrants detained by U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) in the past decade. Methods We performed a retrospective cohort analysis of the annual suicide rates for ICE detainees from federal fiscal years (FY) 2010–2020. Death date and cause of death were directly extracted from publicly available ICE Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) Library, ICE death reports, and ICE press releases. Annual suicide rates were calculated as suicides per 100,000 person-years and suicides per 100,000 admissions. Results From 2010–2019, the mean number of suicides per 100,000 person-years was 3.3 (standard deviation (SD): 2.6). In 2020, the suicide rate increased 5.3 times the prior 10-year average to 17.4 suicides per 100,000 person-years. When calculating suicide rate based on admissions per FY, the mean number of suicides from 2010–2019 per 100,000 admissions was 0.3 (SD: 0.3). In 2020, the suicide rate increased 11.0 times the prior 10-year average to 3.4 suicides per 100,000 admissions. Conclusion In 2020, the detainee suicide rate increased substantially compared to the past decade. This may point to a worsening mental health crisis in ICE detention.

@article{erfani_suicide_2021-1,
	title = {Suicide rates of migrants in {United} {States} immigration detention (2010-2020)},
	volume = {8},
	issn = {2327-8994},
	doi = {10.3934/publichealth.2021031},
	abstract = {OBJECTIVE: We determined the annual suicide rate of migrants detained by U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) in the past decade.
METHODS: We performed a retrospective cohort analysis of the annual suicide rates for ICE detainees from federal fiscal years (FY) 2010-2020. Death date and cause of death were directly extracted from publicly available ICE Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) Library, ICE death reports, and ICE press releases. Annual suicide rates were calculated as suicides per 100,000 person-years and suicides per 100,000 admissions.
RESULTS: From 2010-2019, the mean number of suicides per 100,000 person-years was 3.3 (standard deviation (SD): 2.6). In 2020, the suicide rate increased 5.3 times the prior 10-year average to 17.4 suicides per 100,000 person-years. When calculating suicide rate based on admissions per FY, the mean number of suicides from 2010-2019 per 100,000 admissions was 0.3 (SD: 0.3). In 2020, the suicide rate increased 11.0 times the prior 10-year average to 3.4 suicides per 100,000 admissions.
CONCLUSION: In 2020, the detainee suicide rate increased substantially compared to the past decade. This may point to a worsening mental health crisis in ICE detention.},
	language = {eng},
	number = {3},
	journal = {AIMS public health},
	author = {Erfani, Parsa and Chin, Elizabeth T. and Lee, Caroline H. and Uppal, Nishant and Peeler, Katherine R.},
	year = {2021},
	pmid = {34395691},
	pmcid = {PMC8334629},
	keywords = {/unread, detention, immigrant, incarceration, mental health, migrant, suicide},
	pages = {416--420},
}

OBJECTIVE: We determined the annual suicide rate of migrants detained by U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) in the past decade. METHODS: We performed a retrospective cohort analysis of the annual suicide rates for ICE detainees from federal fiscal years (FY) 2010-2020. Death date and cause of death were directly extracted from publicly available ICE Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) Library, ICE death reports, and ICE press releases. Annual suicide rates were calculated as suicides per 100,000 person-years and suicides per 100,000 admissions. RESULTS: From 2010-2019, the mean number of suicides per 100,000 person-years was 3.3 (standard deviation (SD): 2.6). In 2020, the suicide rate increased 5.3 times the prior 10-year average to 17.4 suicides per 100,000 person-years. When calculating suicide rate based on admissions per FY, the mean number of suicides from 2010-2019 per 100,000 admissions was 0.3 (SD: 0.3). In 2020, the suicide rate increased 11.0 times the prior 10-year average to 3.4 suicides per 100,000 admissions. CONCLUSION: In 2020, the detainee suicide rate increased substantially compared to the past decade. This may point to a worsening mental health crisis in ICE detention.

@misc{noauthor_highly-contagious_2021,
	title = {Highly-contagious omicron could spread quickly through crowded {ICE} facilities},
	url = {https://www.wfae.org/united-states-world/2022-01-02/highly-contagious-omicron-could-spread-quickly-through-crowded-ice-facilities},
	abstract = {Eyder Peralta speaks to Eunice Cho, senior staff attorney at the ACLU's National Prison Project, on the threat omicron poses to those being held in immigration detention facilities.},
	language = {en},
	urldate = {2022-01-06},
	month = dec,
	year = {2021},
	note = {Publication Title: WFAE 90.7 - Charlotte's NPR News Source},
	keywords = {\#nosource, notion},
}

Eyder Peralta speaks to Eunice Cho, senior staff attorney at the ACLU's National Prison Project, on the threat omicron poses to those being held in immigration detention facilities.

@misc{noauthor_small_2021,
	title = {Small {Percentage} of {Processed} {Migrants} {Received} {COVID}-19 {Vaccines}},
	url = {https://documentedny.com/2021/12/06/small-percentage-of-processed-migrants-received-covid-19-vaccines/},
	abstract = {FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASEMedia contact: Ana Maria Rosato media@acluga.org  Share on print Share on facebook Share on email Share on twitter ATLANTA – Today, the ACLU of Georgia sent Public Records Act requests to Stewart and Folkston Counties that  contract with ICE as part of a larger demand that detention facilities immediately provide COVID-19 vaccine boosters to … ACLU of Georgia Demands ICE Field Offices Provide Information Regarding COVID-19 Vaccine Boosters Read More »},
	language = {en},
	urldate = {2022-01-06},
	month = dec,
	year = {2021},
	note = {Publication Title: Documented},
	keywords = {\#nosource, notion},
}

FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASEMedia contact: Ana Maria Rosato media@acluga.org  Share on print Share on facebook Share on email Share on twitter ATLANTA – Today, the ACLU of Georgia sent Public Records Act requests to Stewart and Folkston Counties that  contract with ICE as part of a larger demand that detention facilities immediately provide COVID-19 vaccine boosters to … ACLU of Georgia Demands ICE Field Offices Provide Information Regarding COVID-19 Vaccine Boosters Read More »

@misc{noauthor_aclu_2021,
	title = {{ACLU} of {Georgia} {Demands} {ICE} {Field} {Offices} {Provide} {Information} {Regarding} {COVID}-19 {Vaccine} {Boosters}},
	url = {https://acluga.org/aclu-of-georgia-demands-ice-field-offices-provide-information-regarding-covid-19-vaccine-boosters/},
	abstract = {FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASEMedia contact: Ana Maria Rosato media@acluga.org  Share on print Share on facebook Share on email Share on twitter ATLANTA – Today, the ACLU of Georgia sent Public Records Act requests to Stewart and Folkston Counties that  contract with ICE as part of a larger demand that detention facilities immediately provide COVID-19 vaccine boosters to … ACLU of Georgia Demands ICE Field Offices Provide Information Regarding COVID-19 Vaccine Boosters Read More »},
	language = {en-US},
	urldate = {2022-01-06},
	month = dec,
	year = {2021},
	note = {Publication Title: ACLU of Georgia},
	keywords = {\#nosource, notion},
}

FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASEMedia contact: Ana Maria Rosato media@acluga.org  Share on print Share on facebook Share on email Share on twitter ATLANTA – Today, the ACLU of Georgia sent Public Records Act requests to Stewart and Folkston Counties that  contract with ICE as part of a larger demand that detention facilities immediately provide COVID-19 vaccine boosters to … ACLU of Georgia Demands ICE Field Offices Provide Information Regarding COVID-19 Vaccine Boosters Read More »

@misc{noauthor_faq_2021,
	title = {{FAQ}: {What} {You} {Need} to {Know} {About} {COVID} {Vaccines} in {Immigrant} {Detention} {Centers}},
	shorttitle = {{FAQ}},
	url = {https://borderlessmag.org/2021/10/13/what-to-know-about-covid-19-vaccines-immigrant-detention-centers-ice/},
	abstract = {A confusing rollout has left many immigrants detained by ICE relying on local governments to get a COVID vaccine.},
	language = {en-US},
	urldate = {2022-01-06},
	month = sep,
	year = {2021},
	note = {Section: abc10,news,verify,immigration,coronavirus-verify},
	keywords = {\#nosource, notion},
}

A confusing rollout has left many immigrants detained by ICE relying on local governments to get a COVID vaccine.

@misc{noauthor_no_2021,
	title = {No, migrants in immigrant detention facilities are not required to get the {COVID}-19 vaccine},
	url = {https://www.abc10.com/article/news/verify/immigration/no-vaccine-mandate-immigration-detention-facilities-migrant-undocumented-workers-do-not-compel-vaccination/536-d1f56fcf-230c-4183-83e5-cc86c621fe95},
	abstract = {Immigration and Customs Enforcement says it “cannot force individuals in detention to be vaccinated” but does encourage vaccinations.},
	language = {en-US},
	urldate = {2022-01-06},
	month = feb,
	year = {2021},
	note = {Section: abc10,news,verify,immigration,coronavirus-verify},
	keywords = {\#nosource, notion},
}

Immigration and Customs Enforcement says it “cannot force individuals in detention to be vaccinated” but does encourage vaccinations.

@misc{noauthor_covid-19_2021,
	title = {{COVID}-19 {Vaccines} in {Immigrant} {Detention}},
	url = {https://ccijustice.org/covid-19-vaccines-in-immigrant-detention/},
	abstract = {The California Collaborative for Immigrant Justice, in partnership with Immigrant Defense Advocates have launched a campaign to clarify the status of the COVID-19 vaccine roll-out in immigrant detention. In January a spokesman for Immigration Customs and Enforcement (ICE) told reporters “[S]tates…will determine when ICE detainees are vaccinated,”and noted that the agency is actively working with state and local public health departments on the vaccination …},
	language = {en-US},
	urldate = {2022-01-06},
	month = jan,
	year = {2021},
	note = {Publication Title: California Collaborative for Immigrant Justice},
	keywords = {\#nosource, notion},
}

The California Collaborative for Immigrant Justice, in partnership with Immigrant Defense Advocates have launched a campaign to clarify the status of the COVID-19 vaccine roll-out in immigrant detention. In January a spokesman for Immigration Customs and Enforcement (ICE) told reporters “[S]tates…will determine when ICE detainees are vaccinated,”and noted that the agency is actively working with state and local public health departments on the vaccination …

@misc{noauthor_ice_2021,
	title = {{ICE} must provide {Covid}-19 vaccines to all detained migrants},
	url = {https://www.statnews.com/2021/01/12/ice-must-provide-covid-19-vaccines-to-all-detained-migrants/},
	abstract = {Our interviews with 50 individuals who had been kept in ICE detention facilities showed how ICE failed to comply with its own Covid-19 pandemic response requirements in at least 22 of its facilities.},
	language = {en-US},
	urldate = {2022-01-06},
	month = jan,
	year = {2021},
	note = {Publication Title: STAT},
	keywords = {\#nosource, notion},
}

Our interviews with 50 individuals who had been kept in ICE detention facilities showed how ICE failed to comply with its own Covid-19 pandemic response requirements in at least 22 of its facilities.

@misc{noauthor_thousands_2021,
	title = {Thousands of {ICE} {Prisoners} {Denied} {Access} to {COVID}-19 {Vaccine} {Boosters}},
	url = {https://www.democracynow.org/2021/12/17/headlines/thousands_of_ice_prisoners_denied_access_to_covid_19_vaccine_boosters},
	abstract = {The American Civil Liberties Union warns Immigration and Customs Enforcement is denying COVID booster shots to some 21,000 prisoners being held in ICE jails around the U.S. An ACLU attorney said, “This is yet another example of ICE’s cavalier approach to the health and safety of people in detention, in violation of their constitutional rights, and underscores the inherent danger of detention in the first place.”},
	language = {en},
	urldate = {2022-01-06},
	year = {2021},
	note = {Publication Title: Democracy Now!},
	keywords = {\#nosource, notion},
}

The American Civil Liberties Union warns Immigration and Customs Enforcement is denying COVID booster shots to some 21,000 prisoners being held in ICE jails around the U.S. An ACLU attorney said, “This is yet another example of ICE’s cavalier approach to the health and safety of people in detention, in violation of their constitutional rights, and underscores the inherent danger of detention in the first place.”

@misc{cnn_aclu_2021,
	title = {{ACLU} urges {Biden} administration to offer {Covid}-19 vaccine to detained immigrants},
	url = {https://www.cnn.com/2021/05/27/politics/aclu-covid-vaccine-immigrants/index.html},
	abstract = {The American Civil Liberties Union is urging the Biden administration to provide Covid-19 vaccine access to immigrants in detention, citing the rapid spread of coronavirus in congregate settings, according to a letter sent to the Department of Homeland Security and obtained by CNN.},
	urldate = {2022-01-06},
	journal = {CNN},
	author = {CNN, Priscilla Alvarez},
	year = {2021},
	keywords = {\#nosource, notion},
}

The American Civil Liberties Union is urging the Biden administration to provide Covid-19 vaccine access to immigrants in detention, citing the rapid spread of coronavirus in congregate settings, according to a letter sent to the Department of Homeland Security and obtained by CNN.

@misc{cnn_dhs_2021,
	title = {{DHS} begins administering {J}\&{J} vaccine to immigrant detainees},
	url = {https://www.cnn.com/2021/07/13/politics/immigrant-detainees-vaccine-dhs/index.html},
	abstract = {The Department of Homeland Security is administering the Johnson \& Johnson vaccine to immigrant detainees as part of an effort to scale up vaccinations for Covid-19 at Immigration and Customs Enforcement facilities, ICE told CNN in a statement.},
	urldate = {2022-01-06},
	journal = {CNN},
	author = {CNN, Priscilla Alvarez},
	year = {2021},
	keywords = {\#nosource, notion},
}

The Department of Homeland Security is administering the Johnson & Johnson vaccine to immigrant detainees as part of an effort to scale up vaccinations for Covid-19 at Immigration and Customs Enforcement facilities, ICE told CNN in a statement.

@misc{hsieh_arizona_2021,
	title = {Arizona {Immigrants} {With} {Medical} {Conditions} {Demand} {Release} to {Prevent} {COVID}-19},
	url = {https://www.phoenixnewtimes.com/news/arizona-asylum-seekers-demand-release-during-coronavirus-crisis-11463078},
	abstract = {"Individuals in these facilities live, eat, and sleep in such close quarters that COVID-19 will spread like wildfire once it enters the detention centers."},
	language = {en},
	urldate = {2022-01-06},
	journal = {Phoenix New Times},
	author = {Hsieh, Steven},
	year = {2021},
	keywords = {\#nosource, notion},
}

"Individuals in these facilities live, eat, and sleep in such close quarters that COVID-19 will spread like wildfire once it enters the detention centers."

@misc{initiative_criminal_2021,
	title = {Criminal justice responses to the coronavirus pandemic},
	copyright = {Copyright (c) 2001-2022 Prison Policy Initiative},
	url = {https://www.prisonpolicy.org/virus/virusresponse.html},
	abstract = {What prisons and jails are doing to slow down the coronavirus - and what else they must do immediately.},
	language = {en},
	urldate = {2022-01-06},
	author = {Initiative, Prison Policy},
	year = {2021},
	keywords = {\#nosource, notion},
}

What prisons and jails are doing to slow down the coronavirus - and what else they must do immediately.

@misc{mccoppin_immigrant_2021,
	title = {Immigrant detainees remain in {McHenry} and {Kankakee} county jails while court considers appeal to keep {ICE} contract},
	url = {https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/breaking/ct-mchenry-ice-detention-extended-20211231-76kjclfaxffrnpsxd6bo2i6nru-story.html},
	abstract = {Immigrant detainees remain in McHenry and Kankakee county jails while court considers appeal to keep ICE contract.},
	language = {English (United States), en-US},
	urldate = {2022-01-06},
	journal = {chicagotribune.com},
	author = {McCoppin, Robert},
	year = {2021},
	note = {Section: Breaking News, News},
	keywords = {\#nosource, notion},
}

Immigrant detainees remain in McHenry and Kankakee county jails while court considers appeal to keep ICE contract.

@misc{press_illinois_2021,
	title = {Illinois’ law ending immigration detention in 2022 hits snag},
	url = {https://www.nbc15.com/2022/01/02/illinois-law-ending-immigration-detention-2022-hits-snag/},
	abstract = {Under a law signed in August, local governments can't sign new agreements with federal immigration authorities and must end old ones to detain immigrants.},
	language = {en},
	urldate = {2022-01-06},
	journal = {https://www.nbc15.com},
	author = {Press, Associated},
	year = {2021},
	keywords = {\#nosource, notion},
}

Under a law signed in August, local governments can't sign new agreements with federal immigration authorities and must end old ones to detain immigrants.

@misc{tareen___illinois_2021,
	title = {Illinois' {Law} {Ending} {Immigration} {Detention} in 2022 {Hits} {Snag}},
	url = {https://www.nbcchicago.com/news/local/chicago-politics/illinois-law-ending-immigration-detention-in-2022-hits-snag/2719451/},
	abstract = {Illinois’ plan to end federal immigration detention in the New Year has hit another legal snag},
	language = {en-US},
	urldate = {2022-01-06},
	journal = {NBC Chicago},
	author = {Tareen • •, Sophia},
	year = {2021},
	keywords = {\#nosource, notion},
}

Illinois’ plan to end federal immigration detention in the New Year has hit another legal snag

@misc{noauthor_aclu_2021-1,
	title = {{ACLU} {Sends} {Letter} {Demanding} {DHS} {Provide} {COVID}-19 {Vaccine} {Boosters} to {People} in {ICE} {Detention} and {Files} {FOIA} {Requests}},
	url = {https://www.aclu.org/press-releases/aclu-sends-letter-demanding-dhs-provide-covid-19-vaccine-boosters-people-ice},
	abstract = {WASHINGTON — The ACLU sent a letter today demanding Department of Homeland Security (DHS) Secretary Alejandro Mayorkas implement a plan to immediately provide COVID-19 vaccine boosters to the more than 21,000 people held in U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) detention centers. The ACLU and seven of its affiliates also filed a Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) and},
	language = {en},
	urldate = {2022-01-06},
	journal = {American Civil Liberties Union},
	year = {2021},
	keywords = {\#nosource, notion},
}

WASHINGTON — The ACLU sent a letter today demanding Department of Homeland Security (DHS) Secretary Alejandro Mayorkas implement a plan to immediately provide COVID-19 vaccine boosters to the more than 21,000 people held in U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) detention centers. The ACLU and seven of its affiliates also filed a Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) and

@misc{noauthor_advocates_2021,
	title = {Advocates {Work} to {Combat} {Vaccine} {Distrust} in {ICE} {Detention} {Facilities}},
	url = {https://www.kqed.org/news/11869046/advocates-work-to-combat-vaccine-distrust-in-ice-detention-facilities},
	abstract = {California currently provides COVID-19 vaccines to immigrants detained in ICE detention centers. Advocates argue that authorities are not doing enough to provide adequate information about the vaccine to this vulnerable group.},
	language = {en-us},
	urldate = {2022-01-06},
	journal = {KQED},
	year = {2021},
	keywords = {\#nosource, notion},
}

California currently provides COVID-19 vaccines to immigrants detained in ICE detention centers. Advocates argue that authorities are not doing enough to provide adequate information about the vaccine to this vulnerable group.

@article{gutierrez_right_2020,
	title = {A {Right} to {Privacy} and {Confidentiality}: {Ethical} {Medical} {Care} for {Patients} in {United} {States} {Immigration} {Detention}},
	volume = {48},
	issn = {1748-720X},
	shorttitle = {A {Right} to {Privacy} and {Confidentiality}},
	doi = {10.1177/1073110520917004},
	abstract = {Recently, John Doe, an undocumented immigrant who was detained by United States Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE), was admitted to a hospital off-site from a detention facility. Custodial officers accompanied Mr. Doe into the exam room and refused to leave as physicians examined him. In this analysis, we examine the ethical dilemmas this case brings to light concerning the treatment of patients in immigration detention and their rights to privacy. We analyze what US law and immigration detention standards allow regarding immigration enforcement or custodial officers' presence in medical exams and documentation of detainee health information. We describe the ethical implications of the presence of officers in medical exam rooms, including its effects on the quality of the patient-provider relationship, patient privacy and confidentiality, and provider's ability to provide ethical care. We conclude that the presence of immigration enforcement or custodial officers during medical examination of detainees is a breach of the right to privacy of detainees who are not an obvious threat to the public. We urge ICE and the US Department of Homeland Security to clarify standards for and tighten enforcement around when officers are legally allowed to be stationed in medical exam rooms and document detainees' information.},
	language = {eng},
	number = {1},
	journal = {The Journal of Law, Medicine \& Ethics: A Journal of the American Society of Law, Medicine \& Ethics},
	author = {Gutierrez, Amanda M. and Hofstetter, Jacob D. and Dishner, Emma L. and Chiao, Elizabeth and Rai, Dilreet and McGuire, Amy L.},
	month = mar,
	year = {2020},
	pmid = {32342781},
	keywords = {Confidentiality, Ethics, Medical, Humans, Jails, Law Enforcement, Male, Physical Examination, Privacy, Undocumented Immigrants, United States},
	pages = {161--168},
}

Recently, John Doe, an undocumented immigrant who was detained by United States Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE), was admitted to a hospital off-site from a detention facility. Custodial officers accompanied Mr. Doe into the exam room and refused to leave as physicians examined him. In this analysis, we examine the ethical dilemmas this case brings to light concerning the treatment of patients in immigration detention and their rights to privacy. We analyze what US law and immigration detention standards allow regarding immigration enforcement or custodial officers' presence in medical exams and documentation of detainee health information. We describe the ethical implications of the presence of officers in medical exam rooms, including its effects on the quality of the patient-provider relationship, patient privacy and confidentiality, and provider's ability to provide ethical care. We conclude that the presence of immigration enforcement or custodial officers during medical examination of detainees is a breach of the right to privacy of detainees who are not an obvious threat to the public. We urge ICE and the US Department of Homeland Security to clarify standards for and tighten enforcement around when officers are legally allowed to be stationed in medical exam rooms and document detainees' information.

@misc{noauthor_aila_1969,
	title = {{AILA} - {Deaths} at {Adult} {Detention} {Centers}},
	url = {https://www.aila.org/infonet/deaths-at-adult-detention-centers},
	urldate = {2020-09-07},
	month = dec,
	year = {1969},
	keywords = {\#nosource, notion},
}

@misc{noauthor_harmful_nodate,
	title = {Harmful by {Design}—a {Qualitative} {Study} of the {Health} {Impacts} of {Immigration} {Detention} {\textbar} {SpringerLink}},
	url = {https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11606-022-07914-6},
	urldate = {2023-09-28},
	keywords = {/unread},
}

@misc{noauthor_benefits_nodate,
	title = {The benefits of automated medical coding},
	url = {https://www.medicaleconomics.com/view/the-benefits-of-automated-medical-coding},
	urldate = {2023-06-22},
}

@misc{noauthor_notitle_nodate,
	url = {https://www.newsontheneck.com/news/national/floridas-new-immigration-law-goes-into-effect-in-less-than-a-month/video_f7e9fdeb-e70f-504f-af49-50d1fec94f1f.html},
	urldate = {2023-06-22},
}

@misc{noauthor_solitary_nodate,
	title = {Solitary confinement: {A} primer on its use and consequences in the {U}.{S}.},
	url = {https://journalistsresource.org/home/solitary-confinement-research-primer/},
	urldate = {2023-06-22},
}

@misc{noauthor_when_nodate,
	title = {When your body becomes the border - {Coda} {Story}},
	url = {https://www.codastory.com/authoritarian-tech/us-immigration-surveillance/},
	urldate = {2023-06-22},
}

@misc{noauthor_how_nodate,
	title = {How to help refugees and immigrants in {California}, {Los} {Angeles} - {Los} {Angeles} {Times}},
	url = {https://www.latimes.com/california/story/2023-06-16/want-to-help-migrants-and-refugees-in-l-a-and-california-here-are-organizations-you-can-support},
	urldate = {2023-06-22},
}

@misc{noauthor_cortez_nodate,
	title = {Cortez {Masto} and {Colleagues} {Urge} {President} {Biden} {Against} the {Use} of {Family} {Detention} {\textbar} {U}.{S}. {Senator} {Catherine} {Cortez} {Masto} of {Nevada}},
	url = {https://www.cortezmasto.senate.gov/news/press-releases/cortez-masto-and-colleagues-urge-president-biden-against-the-use-of-family-detention},
	urldate = {2023-06-22},
}

@misc{noauthor_democrats_nodate,
	title = {Democrats want \${20M} for less intrusive migrant case management program {\textbar} {Border} {Report}},
	url = {https://www.abc27.com/news/top-stories/democrats-want-20m-for-less-intrusive-migrant-case-management-program/},
	urldate = {2023-06-22},
}

@misc{noauthor_meet_nodate,
	title = {Meet {SmartLINK}, the {App} {Tracking} {Nearly} a {Quarter} {Million} {Immigrants} – {The} {Markup}},
	url = {https://themarkup.org/the-breakdown/2022/06/27/meet-smartlink-the-app-tracking-nearly-a-quarter-million-immigrants},
	urldate = {2023-06-22},
}

@misc{haskins_ice_nodate,
	title = {{ICE} spends \$7.2 million to increase facial recognition and location tracking of migrants},
	url = {https://www.businessinsider.com/ice-7-million-contract-trust-stamp-facial-recognition-location-tracking-2022-5},
	abstract = {ICE renewed a six-month contract with Trust Stamp, which develops facial recognition and GPS-enabled check-in apps to track migrants.},
	language = {en-US},
	urldate = {2023-06-22},
	journal = {Business Insider},
	author = {Haskins, Caroline},
}

ICE renewed a six-month contract with Trust Stamp, which develops facial recognition and GPS-enabled check-in apps to track migrants.

@misc{noauthor_ice_nodate,
	title = {{ICE} {Has} a {New} \$7.2 {Million} {Contract} for {Facial} {Recognition} {Check}-{Ins} for {Migrants}},
	url = {https://www.businessinsider.com/ice-7-million-contract-trust-stamp-facial-recognition-location-tracking-2022-5},
	urldate = {2023-06-22},
}

@misc{noauthor_ice_nodate-1,
	title = {{ICE} {Has} a {New} \$7.2 {Million} {Contract} for {Facial} {Recognition} {Check}-{Ins} for {Migrants}},
	url = {https://www.businessinsider.com/ice-7-million-contract-trust-stamp-facial-recognition-location-tracking-2022-5},
	urldate = {2023-06-22},
}

@article{bolter_four_nodate,
	title = {Four {Years} of {Profound} {Change}: {Immigration} {Policy} during the {Trump} {Presidency}},
	language = {en},
	author = {Bolter, Jessic},
	keywords = {⛔ No DOI found},
}

@article{twigg_inclusion_nodate,
	title = {Inclusion of migrants and refugees in preparedness and response to biological disasters: case study of the {COVID}-19 pandemic},
	language = {en},
	author = {Twigg, John and Mathews, Reshma and Guadagno, Lorenzo},
	keywords = {⛔ No DOI found},
}

@article{meissner_toward_nodate,
	title = {Toward a {Better} {Immigration} {System}: {Fixing} {Immigration} {Governance} at the {U}.{S}. {Department} of {Homeland} {Security}},
	language = {en},
	author = {Meissner, Doris},
	keywords = {⛔ No DOI found},
}