@book{bailey_emergence_1991,
	address = {Amsterdam ; Philadelphia},
	series = {Creole language library},
	title = {The {Emergence} of {Black} {English}: text and commentary},
	isbn = {978-1-55619-161-9 978-90-272-5228-9},
	shorttitle = {The {Emergence} of {Black} {English}},
	number = {v. 8},
	publisher = {J. Benjamins Pub. Co},
	author = {Bailey, Guy and Maynor, Natalie and Cukor-Avila, Patricia},
	year = {1991},
	keywords = {African Americans, Americanisms, Black English, Creole dialects, English, English language, History, Language, Languages, Negative inversion, Slaves, Texts, United States},
}

@incollection{zanuttini_transitive_2014,
	address = {Oxford},
	series = {Oxford {Studies} in {Comparative} {Syntax}},
	title = {Transitive expletives in {Appalachian} {English}},
	booktitle = {Micro-syntactic variation in {North} {American} {English}},
	publisher = {Oxford University Press},
	author = {Zanuttini, Raffaella and Bernstein, Judy B.},
	editor = {Zanuttini, Raffaella and Horn, Laurence R.},
	year = {2014},
	keywords = {English language, Expletive they, Split subjects, Syntax, Variation},
	pages = {143--177},
}

@incollection{cardinaletti_syntax_2006,
	address = {Malden, MA},
	series = {Blackwell {Handbooks} in {Linguistics}},
	title = {The syntax of quantified phrases and quantitative clitics},
	volume = {5},
	isbn = {978-0-470-99659-1 978-1-4051-1485-1},
	number = {19},
	booktitle = {The {Blackwell} companion to syntax},
	publisher = {Blackwell},
	author = {Cardinaletti, Anna and Giusti, Giuliana},
	editor = {Everaert, Martin and van Riemsdijk, Henk},
	year = {2006},
	keywords = {Split subjects},
	pages = {23--93},
}

@incollection{cardinaletti_partitive_1992,
	address = {Torino},
	title = {Partitive ne and the {QP}-hypothesis: {A} case study},
	isbn = {978-88-7011-510-9},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the {XVII} {Meeting} of {Generative} {Grammar}, {Trieste}, {February} 22-24, 1991: {Volume} presented to {Giuseppe} {Francescato} on the occasion of his seventieth birthday},
	publisher = {Rosenberg \& Sellier},
	author = {Cardinaletti, Anna and Giusti, Giuliana},
	editor = {Fava, Elisabetta},
	year = {1992},
	keywords = {Generative grammar, Split subjects},
	pages = {121--141},
}

@book{wolfram_appalachian_1976,
	address = {Arlington, VA},
	title = {Appalachian speech},
	isbn = {978-0-87281-050-1},
	publisher = {Center for Applied Linguistics},
	author = {Wolfram, Walt and Christian, Donna},
	year = {1976},
	keywords = {A-prefixing, Appalachian Region, Southern, Dialects, Embedded inversion, English language, Expletive they, Multiple modals, Negative concord, Negative inversion, Personal datives, Positive anymore, Split subjects, United States},
}

@incollection{corver_predicate_1998,
	address = {Amsterdam},
	series = {Linguistik {Aktuell}/{Linguistics} {Today}},
	title = {Predicate movement in pseudopartitive constructions},
	isbn = {978-1-55619-906-6},
	number = {22},
	booktitle = {Possessors, predicates, and movement in the determiner phrase},
	publisher = {John Benjamins},
	author = {Corver, Norbert},
	editor = {Alexiadou, Artemis and Wilder, Chris},
	year = {1998},
	keywords = {Determiners, Grammar, Comparative and general, Possessives, Split subjects, Verb phrase},
	pages = {215--257},
}

@article{henry_new_2007,
	title = {A new approach to transitive expletives: {Evidence} from {Belfast} {English}},
	volume = {11},
	issn = {1469-4379},
	shorttitle = {A new approach to transitive expletives},
	doi = {10.1017/S1360674307002262},
	abstract = {This article discusses the existence of transitive expletives in a variety of English. Belfast English has none of the features previously proposed as licensing transitive expletives, but nevertheless allows these, calling into question previous analyses of the licensing of this structure. This article considers the properties of transitive expletives in this variety, showing that they are restricted to sentences where the associate is quantified, and that the associate can appear in a range of positions, similar but not identical to those available to ‘floated’ quantifiers. It is argued that Belfast English has a higher merge position for the expletive than does Standard English, and that the general availability in English of quantifier positions between T and vP – perhaps because auxiliaries in English head phases, and phases can be closed by a quantification – means that, even though Belfast English is not a Verb Second language, a position is available for both the expletive and the associate.},
	number = {02},
	urldate = {2016-05-11},
	journal = {English Language and Linguistics},
	author = {Henry, Alison and Cottell, Siobhan},
	month = jul,
	year = {2007},
	keywords = {Split subjects},
	pages = {279--299},
}

This article discusses the existence of transitive expletives in a variety of English. Belfast English has none of the features previously proposed as licensing transitive expletives, but nevertheless allows these, calling into question previous analyses of the licensing of this structure. This article considers the properties of transitive expletives in this variety, showing that they are restricted to sentences where the associate is quantified, and that the associate can appear in a range of positions, similar but not identical to those available to ‘floated’ quantifiers. It is argued that Belfast English has a higher merge position for the expletive than does Standard English, and that the general availability in English of quantifier positions between T and vP – perhaps because auxiliaries in English head phases, and phases can be closed by a quantification – means that, even though Belfast English is not a Verb Second language, a position is available for both the expletive and the associate.

@incollection{cresti_aspects_2003,
	address = {Oxford},
	title = {Aspects of the syntax and semantics of ne},
	isbn = {978-0-19-513645-6},
	booktitle = {The syntax of {Italian} dialects},
	publisher = {Oxford University Press},
	author = {Cresti, Diana},
	editor = {Tortora, Christina},
	year = {2003},
	keywords = {Dialects Morphology, Dialects Syntax, Italian language, Split subjects},
	pages = {67--101},
}

@book{bailey_emergence_1991,
	address = {Amsterdam ; Philadelphia},
	series = {Creole language library},
	title = {The {Emergence} of {Black} {English}: text and commentary},
	isbn = {978-1-55619-161-9 978-90-272-5228-9},
	shorttitle = {The {Emergence} of {Black} {English}},
	number = {v. 8},
	publisher = {J. Benjamins Pub. Co},
	author = {Bailey, Guy and Maynor, Natalie and Cukor-Avila, Patricia},
	year = {1991},
	keywords = {African Americans, Americanisms, Black English, Creole dialects, English, English language, History, Language, Languages, Negative inversion, Slaves, Texts, United States},
}

@book{feagin_variation_1979,
	address = {Washington, DC},
	title = {Variation and change in {Alabama} {English}: {A} sociolinguistic study of the {White} community},
	isbn = {978-0-87840-210-6},
	shorttitle = {Variation and change in {Alabama} {English}},
	publisher = {Georgetown University Press},
	author = {Feagin, Crawford},
	year = {1979},
	keywords = {A-prefixing, Alabama Anniston, Anniston (Ala.), Dialects, English language, Liketa, Multiple modals, Negative concord, Negative inversion, Social aspects, Social conditions, Split subjects, Variation},
}

@incollection{giusti_categorial_2001,
	address = {Frankfurt am Main},
	series = {Linguistik {International}},
	title = {The categorial status of quantity expressions},
	isbn = {978-3-631-39187-7 978-0-8204-5487-0},
	number = {5},
	booktitle = {Current issues in formal {Slavic} linguistics},
	publisher = {P. Lang},
	author = {Giusti, Giuliana and Leko, Nedžad},
	editor = {Zybatow, Gerhild and Junghanns, Uwe and Mehlhorn, Grit and Szucsich, Luka},
	year = {2001},
	keywords = {Linguistic models, Slavic languages, Split subjects},
	pages = {96--105},
}

@article{giusti_categorial_1991,
	title = {The categorial status of quantified nominals},
	volume = {136},
	url = {http://arcaold.unive.it/handle/10278/748},
	urldate = {2016-06-14},
	journal = {Linguistische Berichte},
	author = {Giusti, Giuliana},
	year = {1991},
	keywords = {Split subjects},
	pages = {438--454},
}

@incollection{cardinaletti_syntax_2006,
	address = {Malden, MA},
	series = {Blackwell {Handbooks} in {Linguistics}},
	title = {The syntax of quantified phrases and quantitative clitics},
	volume = {5},
	isbn = {978-0-470-99659-1 978-1-4051-1485-1},
	number = {19},
	booktitle = {The {Blackwell} companion to syntax},
	publisher = {Blackwell},
	author = {Cardinaletti, Anna and Giusti, Giuliana},
	editor = {Everaert, Martin and van Riemsdijk, Henk},
	year = {2006},
	keywords = {Split subjects},
	pages = {23--93},
}

@incollection{cardinaletti_partitive_1992,
	address = {Torino},
	title = {Partitive ne and the {QP}-hypothesis: {A} case study},
	isbn = {978-88-7011-510-9},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the {XVII} {Meeting} of {Generative} {Grammar}, {Trieste}, {February} 22-24, 1991: {Volume} presented to {Giuseppe} {Francescato} on the occasion of his seventieth birthday},
	publisher = {Rosenberg \& Sellier},
	author = {Cardinaletti, Anna and Giusti, Giuliana},
	editor = {Fava, Elisabetta},
	year = {1992},
	keywords = {Generative grammar, Split subjects},
	pages = {121--141},
}

@incollection{giusti_heads_1995,
	address = {Amsterdam},
	series = {Linguistik {Aktuell}/{Linguistics} {Today}},
	title = {Heads and modifiers among determiners: {Evidence} from {Rumanian}},
	isbn = {978-1-55619-228-9},
	number = {10},
	booktitle = {Advances in {Roumanian} linguistics},
	publisher = {John Benjamins},
	author = {Giusti, Giuliana},
	editor = {Cinque, Guglielmo and Giusti, Giuliana},
	year = {1995},
	keywords = {Grammar, Generative, Romanian language, Split subjects, Syntax},
	pages = {103--125},
}

@incollection{green_force_2014,
	address = {Oxford},
	series = {Oxford {Studies} in {Comparative} {Syntax}},
	title = {Force, focus, and negation in {African} {American} {English}},
	booktitle = {Micro-syntactic variation in {North} {American} {English}},
	publisher = {Oxford University Press},
	author = {Green, Lisa},
	editor = {Zanuttini, Raffaella and Horn, Laurence R.},
	year = {2014},
	keywords = {English language, Negative inversion, Syntax, Variation},
	pages = {115--142},
}

@book{green_language_2011,
	address = {Cambridge},
	title = {Language and the {African} {American} child},
	publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
	author = {Green, Lisa J.},
	year = {2011},
	keywords = {Negative inversion, Split subjects},
}

@book{green_african_2002,
	address = {Cambridge},
	title = {African {American} {English}: {A} linguistic introduction},
	isbn = {978-0-521-81449-2 978-0-521-89138-7},
	shorttitle = {African {American} {English}},
	abstract = {"This authoritative introduction to African American English (AAE) is the first textbook to look at the grammar as a whole. Clearly organized, it describes patterns in the sentence structure, sound system, word formation and word use in AAE. The book uses linguistic description and data from conversation to explain that AAE is not a compilation of random deviations from mainstream English but that it is a rule-governed system. The textbook examines topics such as education, speech events in the secular and religious world, and the use of language in literature and the media to create black images. This much-needed book includes exercises to accompany each chapter and will be essential reading for students in linguistics, education, anthropology, African American studies and literature."--BOOK JACKET},
	publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
	author = {Green, Lisa J.},
	year = {2002},
	keywords = {African Americans, Bare got, Black English, Dialects, English language, Finna, Languages, Negative concord, Negative inversion, Split subjects, Stressed BIN, United States, Variation},
}

"This authoritative introduction to African American English (AAE) is the first textbook to look at the grammar as a whole. Clearly organized, it describes patterns in the sentence structure, sound system, word formation and word use in AAE. The book uses linguistic description and data from conversation to explain that AAE is not a compilation of random deviations from mainstream English but that it is a rule-governed system. The textbook examines topics such as education, speech events in the secular and religious world, and the use of language in literature and the media to create black images. This much-needed book includes exercises to accompany each chapter and will be essential reading for students in linguistics, education, anthropology, African American studies and literature."–BOOK JACKET

@incollection{montgomery_grammar_2004,
	address = {Knoxville},
	title = {Grammar and syntax of {Smoky} {Mountain} {English}},
	isbn = {978-1-57233-222-5},
	booktitle = {Dictionary of {Smoky} {Mountain} {English}},
	publisher = {University of Tennessee Press},
	author = {Montgomery, Michael and Hall, Joseph S.},
	year = {2004},
	keywords = {2016 Seminar, Americanisms, Dative presentatives, Dialects Glossaries, vocabularies, etc, English language, Great Smoky Mountains (N.C. and Tenn.), Negative inversion, Split subjects, Subject–verb agreement},
	pages = {xxxv--lxv},
}

@article{henry_new_2007,
	title = {A new approach to transitive expletives: {Evidence} from {Belfast} {English}},
	volume = {11},
	issn = {1469-4379},
	shorttitle = {A new approach to transitive expletives},
	doi = {10.1017/S1360674307002262},
	abstract = {This article discusses the existence of transitive expletives in a variety of English. Belfast English has none of the features previously proposed as licensing transitive expletives, but nevertheless allows these, calling into question previous analyses of the licensing of this structure. This article considers the properties of transitive expletives in this variety, showing that they are restricted to sentences where the associate is quantified, and that the associate can appear in a range of positions, similar but not identical to those available to ‘floated’ quantifiers. It is argued that Belfast English has a higher merge position for the expletive than does Standard English, and that the general availability in English of quantifier positions between T and vP – perhaps because auxiliaries in English head phases, and phases can be closed by a quantification – means that, even though Belfast English is not a Verb Second language, a position is available for both the expletive and the associate.},
	number = {02},
	urldate = {2016-05-11},
	journal = {English Language and Linguistics},
	author = {Henry, Alison and Cottell, Siobhan},
	month = jul,
	year = {2007},
	keywords = {Split subjects},
	pages = {279--299},
}

This article discusses the existence of transitive expletives in a variety of English. Belfast English has none of the features previously proposed as licensing transitive expletives, but nevertheless allows these, calling into question previous analyses of the licensing of this structure. This article considers the properties of transitive expletives in this variety, showing that they are restricted to sentences where the associate is quantified, and that the associate can appear in a range of positions, similar but not identical to those available to ‘floated’ quantifiers. It is argued that Belfast English has a higher merge position for the expletive than does Standard English, and that the general availability in English of quantifier positions between T and vP – perhaps because auxiliaries in English head phases, and phases can be closed by a quantification – means that, even though Belfast English is not a Verb Second language, a position is available for both the expletive and the associate.

@incollection{giusti_categorial_2001,
	address = {Frankfurt am Main},
	series = {Linguistik {International}},
	title = {The categorial status of quantity expressions},
	isbn = {978-3-631-39187-7 978-0-8204-5487-0},
	number = {5},
	booktitle = {Current issues in formal {Slavic} linguistics},
	publisher = {P. Lang},
	author = {Giusti, Giuliana and Leko, Nedžad},
	editor = {Zybatow, Gerhild and Junghanns, Uwe and Mehlhorn, Grit and Szucsich, Luka},
	year = {2001},
	keywords = {Linguistic models, Slavic languages, Split subjects},
	pages = {96--105},
}

@phdthesis{marti-girbau_syntax_2010,
	address = {Barcelona},
	type = {{PhD} dissertation},
	title = {The syntax of partitives},
	school = {Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona},
	author = {Martí-Girbau, Núria},
	year = {2010},
	keywords = {Split subjects},
}

@book{bailey_emergence_1991,
	address = {Amsterdam ; Philadelphia},
	series = {Creole language library},
	title = {The {Emergence} of {Black} {English}: text and commentary},
	isbn = {978-1-55619-161-9 978-90-272-5228-9},
	shorttitle = {The {Emergence} of {Black} {English}},
	number = {v. 8},
	publisher = {J. Benjamins Pub. Co},
	author = {Bailey, Guy and Maynor, Natalie and Cukor-Avila, Patricia},
	year = {1991},
	keywords = {African Americans, Americanisms, Black English, Creole dialects, English, English language, History, Language, Languages, Negative inversion, Slaves, Texts, United States},
}

@incollection{montgomery_grammar_2004,
	address = {Knoxville},
	title = {Grammar and syntax of {Smoky} {Mountain} {English}},
	isbn = {978-1-57233-222-5},
	booktitle = {Dictionary of {Smoky} {Mountain} {English}},
	publisher = {University of Tennessee Press},
	author = {Montgomery, Michael and Hall, Joseph S.},
	year = {2004},
	keywords = {2016 Seminar, Americanisms, Dative presentatives, Dialects Glossaries, vocabularies, etc, English language, Great Smoky Mountains (N.C. and Tenn.), Negative inversion, Split subjects, Subject–verb agreement},
	pages = {xxxv--lxv},
}

@article{sigursson_structure_1993,
	title = {The structure of the {Icelandic} {NP}},
	volume = {47},
	copyright = {© 1993 Editorial Board},
	issn = {1467-9582},
	doi = {10.1111/j.1467-9582.1993.tb00845.x},
	abstract = {Abstract.  This paper develops a (QP and a) DP analysis of the Icelandic NP, dealing primarily with prenominal modifiers and postnominal genitives. The paper argues that prenominal quantifiers and determiners head their own projections (QP and DP), whereas attributive adjectives are head-adjoined to nouns. In addition, it is suggested that the minimal NP in morphological case languages, such as Icelandic and German, is a complement of a functional head, K, that hosts an m-case feature, and attracts nouns, either in LF, as in German, or in ‘overt syntax’, as in Icelandic. Thus, the general noun-genitive order in Icelandic possessive constructions is derived by overt N-movement to K.},
	language = {en},
	number = {2},
	urldate = {2016-06-14},
	journal = {Studia Linguistica},
	author = {Sigurðsson, Halldór Ármann},
	month = dec,
	year = {1993},
	keywords = {Split subjects},
	pages = {177--197},
}

Abstract. This paper develops a (QP and a) DP analysis of the Icelandic NP, dealing primarily with prenominal modifiers and postnominal genitives. The paper argues that prenominal quantifiers and determiners head their own projections (QP and DP), whereas attributive adjectives are head-adjoined to nouns. In addition, it is suggested that the minimal NP in morphological case languages, such as Icelandic and German, is a complement of a functional head, K, that hosts an m-case feature, and attracts nouns, either in LF, as in German, or in ‘overt syntax’, as in Icelandic. Thus, the general noun-genitive order in Icelandic possessive constructions is derived by overt N-movement to K.

@unpublished{weldon_hpsg_1994,
	address = {Ohio State University},
	title = {An {HPSG} account of negative inversion in {African}-{American} {Vernacular} {English}},
	author = {Weldon, Tracy},
	year = {1994},
	keywords = {Negative inversion},
}

@article{white-sustaita_reconsidering_2010,
	title = {Reconsidering the syntax of non-canonical negative inversion},
	volume = {14},
	issn = {1469-4379},
	url = {http://journals.cambridge.org/article_S1360674310000146},
	doi = {10.1017/S1360674310000146},
	abstract = {Two main hypotheses have been proposed to account for the word order of negative inversion (NI) in varieties of non-canonical English (e.g. Don't nobody else care). An auxiliary inversion analysis argues that the word order is derived via movement of the auxiliary to the left periphery, whereas an existential analysis argues that the word order is an artifact of deletion of the expletive subject, paralleling there-insertion existential constructions. After reviewing these hypotheses, I provide empirical evidence that neither of these theories adequately explains the peculiarities of NI. I advance a third hypothesis, namely that NI is the result of negative movement to the specifier of NegP, and that this movement is pragmatically motivated by an existential meaning in NI constructions. Syntactically, NI is made possible through the Neg-Criterion (Haegeman \& Zanuttini 1991, 1996). This analysis explains problems encountered by prior analyses, and offers a unified analysis for variation in NI across dialects. Finally, I explain cross-dialectal differences in NI by considering the relationship between subject requirements and agreement.},
	number = {03},
	urldate = {2016-06-13},
	journal = {English Language and Linguistics},
	author = {White-Sustaita, Jessica},
	month = nov,
	year = {2010},
	keywords = {Done, Negative concord, Negative inversion, Split subjects},
	pages = {429--455},
}

Two main hypotheses have been proposed to account for the word order of negative inversion (NI) in varieties of non-canonical English (e.g. Don't nobody else care). An auxiliary inversion analysis argues that the word order is derived via movement of the auxiliary to the left periphery, whereas an existential analysis argues that the word order is an artifact of deletion of the expletive subject, paralleling there-insertion existential constructions. After reviewing these hypotheses, I provide empirical evidence that neither of these theories adequately explains the peculiarities of NI. I advance a third hypothesis, namely that NI is the result of negative movement to the specifier of NegP, and that this movement is pragmatically motivated by an existential meaning in NI constructions. Syntactically, NI is made possible through the Neg-Criterion (Haegeman & Zanuttini 1991, 1996). This analysis explains problems encountered by prior analyses, and offers a unified analysis for variation in NI across dialects. Finally, I explain cross-dialectal differences in NI by considering the relationship between subject requirements and agreement.

@book{wolfram_appalachian_1976,
	address = {Arlington, VA},
	title = {Appalachian speech},
	isbn = {978-0-87281-050-1},
	publisher = {Center for Applied Linguistics},
	author = {Wolfram, Walt and Christian, Donna},
	year = {1976},
	keywords = {A-prefixing, Appalachian Region, Southern, Dialects, Embedded inversion, English language, Expletive they, Multiple modals, Negative concord, Negative inversion, Personal datives, Positive anymore, Split subjects, United States},
}

@incollection{zanuttini_transitive_2014,
	address = {Oxford},
	series = {Oxford {Studies} in {Comparative} {Syntax}},
	title = {Transitive expletives in {Appalachian} {English}},
	booktitle = {Micro-syntactic variation in {North} {American} {English}},
	publisher = {Oxford University Press},
	author = {Zanuttini, Raffaella and Bernstein, Judy B.},
	editor = {Zanuttini, Raffaella and Horn, Laurence R.},
	year = {2014},
	keywords = {English language, Expletive they, Split subjects, Syntax, Variation},
	pages = {143--177},
}