@Patent{		  hui_remote_1990,
  title		= {Remote interconnection of local area networks},
  url		= {https://patents.google.com/patent/US4901312A/en?inventor=radhakrishna+valiveti&page=1},
  holder	= {Bell Canada Inc},
  type		= {patentus},
  number	= {4901312A},
  author	= {Hui, Man H. and Valiveti, Radhakrishna S. and Patel,
		  Haroon and Lamont, James A. and Shah, Yogesh B.},
  date		= {1990-02-13},
  keywords	= {frame, bridge, frames, network, ring},
}

@Patent{		  hui_remote_1992,
  title		= {Remote interconnection of local area networks},
  holder	= {Nortel networks},
  type		= {patent},
  number	= {{CA}1294347C},
  author	= {Hui, Man H. and Valiveti, Radhakrishna S. and Patel,
		  Haroon and Lamont, James A. and Shah, Yogesh B.},
  date		= {1992-01-14}
}

@Patent{		  sprague_providing_2013,
  title		= {Providing access to client overhead while transparently
		  transmitting the client signal},
  url		= {https://patents.google.com/patent/US8446906B2/},
  holder	= {Infinera Corp},
  type		= {patentus},
  number	= {8446906B2},
  author	= {Sprague, Edward E. and Valiveti, Radhakrishna and
		  Bialkowski, Jan and Chiang, Ting-Kuang and Lu, Biao and
		  Rao, Rajan and Kandappan, Parthiban},
  date		= {2013-05-21},
  langid	= {english},
  keywords	= {client, data, frame, overhead, xtp},
}

@Patent{		  valiveti_-band_2013,
  title		= {In-band control plane and management functionality in
		  optical level one virtual private networks},
  url		= {https://patents.google.com/patent/US8582582B2/},
  holder	= {Infinera Corp},
  type		= {patentus},
  number	= {8582582B2},
  author	= {Valiveti, Radhakrishna and Lu, Biao},
  date		= {2013-11-12},
  langid	= {english},
  keywords	= {optical, overhead, control plane, data frame, l1vpn},
}

@Patent{		  valiveti_super_2015,
  title		= {Super optical channel transport unit signal supported by
		  multiple wavelengths},
  url		= {https://patents.google.com/patent/US8934479B2/},
  holder	= {Infinera Corp},
  type		= {patentus},
  number	= {8934479B2},
  author	= {Valiveti, Radhakrishna and Rao, Rajan and Bryttegard,
		  Robert G.},
  date		= {2015-01-13},
  langid	= {english},
  keywords	= {data, odu, frame, xtp, signal},
}

@Patent{		  hussain_optical_2016,
  title		= {Optical layer protection switching applications},
  url		= {https://patents.google.com/patent/US9258215B2/},
  holder	= {Infinera Corp},
  type		= {patentus},
  number	= {9258215B2},
  author	= {Hussain, Iftekhar and Rao, Rajan and Pan, Ping and
		  Freeman, Paul N. and Valiveti, Radhakrishna},
  date		= {2016-02-09},
  langid	= {english},
  keywords	= {node, data, circuitry, fec, optical},
}

@Patent{		  pan_encoding_2016,
  title		= {Encoding and processing of signaling messages for {ODU}
		  {SMP}},
  url		= {https://patents.google.com/patent/US9385943B2/},
  holder	= {Infinera Corp},
  type		= {patentus},
  number	= {9385943B2},
  author	= {Pan, Ping and Valiveti, Radhakrishna and Rao, Rajan and
		  Lu, Biao},
  date		= {2016-07-05},
  langid	= {english},
  keywords	= {node, mesh protection, odu, protection, shared mesh},
}

@Patent{		  valiveti_super_2016,
  title		= {Super optical channel data unit signal supported by
		  multiple wavelengths},
  url		= {https://patents.google.com/patent/US9236969B2/},
  holder	= {Infinera Corp},
  type		= {patentus},
  number	= {9236969B2},
  author	= {Valiveti, Radhakrishna and Rao, Rajan and Bryttegard,
		  Robert G.},
  date		= {2016-01-12},
  langid	= {english},
  keywords	= {data, odu, frame, overhead, signals},
}

@Patent{		  hussain_flexe_2018,
  title		= {Flexe gmpls signaling extensions},
  url		= {https://patents.google.com/patent/US20180013511A1/},
  holder	= {Infinera Corp},
  type		= {patentus},
  number	= {2018/0013511A1},
  author	= {Hussain, Iftekhar and Valiveti, Radhakrishna and Pithewan,
		  Khuzema},
  date		= {2018-01-11},
  langid	= {english},
  keywords	= {calendar, client, ethernet, flexe, node},
}

@Patent{		  bardalai_te-link_2019,
  title		= {{TE}-link bandwidth model of {ODU} switch capable {OTN}
		  interfaces},
  url		= {https://patents.google.com/patent/US10320510B2/},
  holder	= {Infinera Corp},
  type		= {patentus},
  number	= {10320510B2},
  author	= {Bardalai, Snigdho C. and Rao, Rajan and Kunjidhapatham,
		  Ashok and Pithewan, Khuzema and Lu, Biao and Pan, Ping and
		  Valiveti, Radhakrishna},
  date		= {2019-06-11},
  langid	= {english},
  keywords	= {node, odu, bandwidth, link, unreserved},
}

@Patent{		  anand_packet-optical_2019,
  title		= {Packet-optical in-band telemetry ({POINT}) framework},
  url		= {https://patents.google.com/patent/US10341748B2/},
  holder	= {Infinera Corp},
  type		= {patentus},
  number	= {10341748B2},
  author	= {Anand, Madhukar and Subrahmaniam, Ramesh and Bardhan,
		  Sanjoy and Valiveti, Radhakrishna},
  date		= {2019-07-02},
  langid	= {english},
  keywords	= {packet, response, optical, intent, layer},
}

@Patent{		  anand_packet-optical_2019-1,
  title		= {Packet-optical in-band telemetry ({POINT}) flow tracing
		  and proof-of-transit},
  url		= {https://patents.google.com/patent/US10455303B2/en/},
  holder	= {Infinera Corp},
  type		= {patentus},
  number	= {10455303B2},
  author	= {Anand, Madhukar and Subrahmaniam, Ramesh and Valiveti,
		  Radhakrishna},
  date		= {2019-10-22},
  langid	= {english},
  keywords	= {packet, response, optical, network, intent},
}

@Patent{		  valiveti_method_2020,
  title		= {Method and apparatus for mapping traffic using virtual
		  concatenation},
  url		= {https://patents.google.com/patent/EP2512078B1/},
  holder	= {Infinera Corp},
  type		= {patenteu},
  number	= {2512078B1},
  author	= {Valiveti, Radhakrishna and Pan, Ping and Tangirala, Ravi
		  and {Sprague, Edward} and Rao, Rajan and Lu, Biao},
  date		= {2020-11-04},
  langid	= {english},
  keywords	= {node, packet, bit, bits, containers},
}

@Patent{		  raj_-service_2020,
  title		= {In-service data plane encryption verification},
  url		= {https://patents.google.com/patent/US20200280566A1/},
  holder	= {Oracle International Corp, Infinera Corp},
  type		= {patentus},
  number	= {20200280566A1},
  author	= {Raj, Kannan and Brar, Jagwinder Singh and Sadasivarao,
		  Abhinava and Valiveti, Radhakrishna and Syed, Sharfuddin
		  and Paraschis, Loukas},
  date		= {2020-09-03},
  langid	= {english},
  keywords	= {data, packet, data stream, encrypted, packets},
}

@Patent{		  rao_sd-fec_2021,
  title		= {Sd-fec defect propagation across regeneration nodes in
		  support of single and multi-carrier super channel
		  protection in roadm networks},
  url		= {https://patents.google.com/patent/US20210226697A1/},
  holder	= {Infinera Corp},
  type		= {patentus},
  number	= {20210226697A1},
  author	= {Rao, Rajan and Pratapa, Ramakrishna and Srinivasan,
		  Ramnarayan and Khunjidhapatham, Ashok and Valiveti,
		  Radhakrishna},
  date		= {2021-07-22},
  keywords	= {node, optical, fault, optical signal, signal},
}

@Patent{		  anand_elastic_nodate,
  title		= {Elastic timestamping},
  url		= {https://patents.google.com/patent/US20190013954A1/},
  holder	= {Infinera Corp},
  type		= {patentus},
  number	= {20190013954A1},
  author	= {Anand, Madhukar and Subrahmaniam, Ramesh and Valiveti,
		  Radhakrishna},
  note		= {Published on 2019-01-10.},
  date          = {2019-01-10},
  keywords	= {data, packet, response, telemetry, timestamp},
}

@Patent{		  anand_reliable_nodate,
  title		= {Reliable telemetry},
  url		= {https://patents.google.com/patent/US20190014395A1/en},
  holder	= {Infinera Corp},
  type		= {patentus},
  number	= {20190014395A1},
  author	= {Anand, Madhukar and Subrahmaniam, Ramesh and Valiveti,
		  Radhakrishna},
  note		= {Application published on 2019-01-10},
  date          = {2019-01-10},
  keywords	= {destination, destination device, ibf, intent information,
		  locally stored},
}

@Patent{		  valiveti_methods_nodate,
  location	= {San Francisco},
  title		= {Methods, Systems, And Modules For Key Exchange In
		  point-to-multipoint Transport Networks},
  holder	= {Infinera Corp},
  type		= {patent},
  author	= {Valiveti, Radhakrishna and Hand, Stephen and Rao, Rajan},
  note		= {Application filed 2023-08-02.},
  date          = {2023-08-02}
}

@Patent{		  valiveti_providing_nodate,
  title		= {Providing Access to Client Overhead while Transmitting the
		  Client Signal over Multiple Optical Sub-Carriers},
  url		= {https://patents.google.com/patent/US20230198622A1/},
  holder	= {Infinera Corp},
  abstract	= {A method includes receiving client data; extracting
		  overhead data from the client data; mapping the client data
		  into one or more frames, where each of the one or more
		  frames has a frame payload section and a frame overhead
		  section, where the client data is mapped into the one or
		  more frames; inserting the overhead data into the frame
		  overhead section of the one or more frames; transporting
		  the one or more frames across a network by generating a
		  plurality of optical subcarriers carrying the one or more
		  frames; extracting the overhead data from the frame
		  overhead section of the one or more frames; recovering the
		  client data from the one or more frames; inserting the
		  extracted overhead data into the recovered client data to
		  create modified client data; and outputting the modified
		  client data.},
  type		= {patent},
  author	= {Valiveti, Radhakrishna and Rao, Rajan and Narippatta,
		  Vinod and Sharfuddin, Syed and Kandappan, Parthiban},
  date          = {2022-03-25},
  note		= {Application filed 2022-03-25}
}

A method includes receiving client data; extracting overhead data from the client data; mapping the client data into one or more frames, where each of the one or more frames has a frame payload section and a frame overhead section, where the client data is mapped into the one or more frames; inserting the overhead data into the frame overhead section of the one or more frames; transporting the one or more frames across a network by generating a plurality of optical subcarriers carrying the one or more frames; extracting the overhead data from the frame overhead section of the one or more frames; recovering the client data from the one or more frames; inserting the extracted overhead data into the recovered client data to create modified client data; and outputting the modified client data.