@article{
 title = {Generation of human induced pluripotent stem cells (hIPSCs) from sialidosis types I and II patients with pathogenic neuraminidase 1 mutations},
 type = {article},
 year = {2020},
 volume = {46},
 id = {fd8b86bd-42eb-30fd-a8e5-9ee8bea369b9},
 created = {2020-08-28T12:24:30.931Z},
 file_attached = {false},
 profile_id = {5f2c5af9-e641-3116-9747-e42573e0b3b9},
 last_modified = {2020-08-28T12:24:30.931Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {true},
 confirmed = {false},
 hidden = {false},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {© 2020 The Author(s) Sialidosis is an autosomal recessive lysosomal storage disease, belonging to the glycoproteinoses. The disease is caused by deficiency of the sialic acid-cleaving enzyme, sialidase 1 or neuraminidase 1 (NEU1). Patients with sialidosis are classified based on the age of onset and severity of the clinical symptoms into type I (normomorphic) and type II (dysmorphic). Patient-derived skin fibroblasts from both disease types were reprogrammed using the CytoTune™-iPS 2.0 Sendai Reprogramming Kit. iPSCs were characterized for pluripotency, three germ-layer differentiation, normal karyotype and absence of viral components. These cell lines represent a valuable resource to model sialidosis and to screen for therapeutics.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Han, M.-J. and Annunziata, I. and Weesner, J. and Campos, Y. and Salie, M. and O'Reilly, C. and d'Azzo, A.},
 doi = {10.1016/j.scr.2020.101836},
 journal = {Stem Cell Research}
}

© 2020 The Author(s) Sialidosis is an autosomal recessive lysosomal storage disease, belonging to the glycoproteinoses. The disease is caused by deficiency of the sialic acid-cleaving enzyme, sialidase 1 or neuraminidase 1 (NEU1). Patients with sialidosis are classified based on the age of onset and severity of the clinical symptoms into type I (normomorphic) and type II (dysmorphic). Patient-derived skin fibroblasts from both disease types were reprogrammed using the CytoTune™-iPS 2.0 Sendai Reprogramming Kit. iPSCs were characterized for pluripotency, three germ-layer differentiation, normal karyotype and absence of viral components. These cell lines represent a valuable resource to model sialidosis and to screen for therapeutics.

@article{
 title = {A regulatory variant in the C1Q gene cluster is associated with tuberculosis susceptibility and C1qA plasma levels in a South African population},
 type = {article},
 year = {2020},
 keywords = {Association,C1q,Dosage,Susceptibility,Tuberculosis},
 volume = {72},
 id = {cf973e80-d736-3e13-893e-7cff3882ab81},
 created = {2020-08-28T12:24:30.995Z},
 file_attached = {false},
 profile_id = {5f2c5af9-e641-3116-9747-e42573e0b3b9},
 last_modified = {2020-08-28T12:24:30.995Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {true},
 confirmed = {false},
 hidden = {false},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {© 2020, Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature. Several genetic studies have implicated genes that encode for components of the innate immune response in tuberculosis (TB) susceptibility. The complement system is an early player in the innate immune response and provides the host with initial protection by promoting phagocytosis of apoptotic or necrotic cells. The C1q molecule is the first component of the classical pathway that leads to the activation of complement by binding to immune complexes and is encoded by the C1Q gene cluster. We investigated variants in this region to determine its association with TB susceptibility. Five single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) (rs12033074, rs631090, rs172378, rs587585, and rs665691) were genotyped using TaqMan® SNP assays in 456 TB cases and 448 healthy controls and analysed by logistic regression models. The rs587585 variant showed a significant additive allelic association where the minor G allele was found more frequently in TB cases than in controls in both the discovery (p = 0.023; OR = 1.30; 95% CI, 1.04–1.64) and validation cohort (p = 0.038; OR = 1.31; 95% CI, 1.22–1.40). In addition, we detected increased C1qA expression when comparing cases and controls (p = 0.037) and linked this to a dosage effect of the G allele, which increased C1qA expression in TB cases. This is the first study to report the association of C1Q gene polymorphisms with progression to tuberculosis.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Bruiners, N. and Schurz, H. and Daya, M. and Salie, M. and van Helden, P.D. and Kinnear, C.J. and Hoal, E.G. and Möller, M. and Gey van Pittius, N.C.},
 doi = {10.1007/s00251-020-01167-5},
 journal = {Immunogenetics},
 number = {5}
}

© 2020, Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature. Several genetic studies have implicated genes that encode for components of the innate immune response in tuberculosis (TB) susceptibility. The complement system is an early player in the innate immune response and provides the host with initial protection by promoting phagocytosis of apoptotic or necrotic cells. The C1q molecule is the first component of the classical pathway that leads to the activation of complement by binding to immune complexes and is encoded by the C1Q gene cluster. We investigated variants in this region to determine its association with TB susceptibility. Five single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) (rs12033074, rs631090, rs172378, rs587585, and rs665691) were genotyped using TaqMan® SNP assays in 456 TB cases and 448 healthy controls and analysed by logistic regression models. The rs587585 variant showed a significant additive allelic association where the minor G allele was found more frequently in TB cases than in controls in both the discovery (p = 0.023; OR = 1.30; 95% CI, 1.04–1.64) and validation cohort (p = 0.038; OR = 1.31; 95% CI, 1.22–1.40). In addition, we detected increased C1qA expression when comparing cases and controls (p = 0.037) and linked this to a dosage effect of the G allele, which increased C1qA expression in TB cases. This is the first study to report the association of C1Q gene polymorphisms with progression to tuberculosis.

@article{
 title = {The X chromosome and sex-specific effects in infectious disease susceptibility},
 type = {article},
 year = {2019},
 keywords = {Host genetics,Sex bias,Susceptibility,Tuberculosis,X chromosome},
 volume = {13},
 id = {281060a8-0c7f-38d2-a46b-00991186d272},
 created = {2020-08-28T12:24:30.883Z},
 file_attached = {false},
 profile_id = {5f2c5af9-e641-3116-9747-e42573e0b3b9},
 last_modified = {2020-08-28T12:24:30.883Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {true},
 confirmed = {false},
 hidden = {false},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {The X chromosome and X-linked variants have largely been ignored in genome-wide and candidate association studies of infectious diseases due to the complexity of statistical analysis of the X chromosome. This exclusion is significant, since the X chromosome contains a high density of immune-related genes and regulatory elements that are extensively involved in both the innate and adaptive immune responses. Many diseases present with a clear sex bias, and apart from the influence of sex hormones and socioeconomic and behavioural factors, the X chromosome, X-linked genes and X chromosome inactivation mechanisms contribute to this difference. Females are functional mosaics for X-linked genes due to X chromosome inactivation and this, combined with other X chromosome inactivation mechanisms such as genes that escape silencing and skewed inactivation, could contribute to an immunological advantage for females in many infections. In this review, we discuss the involvement of the X chromosome and X inactivation in immunity and address its role in sexual dimorphism of infectious diseases using tuberculosis susceptibility as an example, in which male sex bias is clear, yet not fully explored.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Schurz, H. and Salie, M. and Tromp, G. and Hoal, E.G. and Kinnear, C.J. and Möller, M.},
 doi = {10.1186/s40246-018-0185-z},
 journal = {Human genomics},
 number = {1}
}

The X chromosome and X-linked variants have largely been ignored in genome-wide and candidate association studies of infectious diseases due to the complexity of statistical analysis of the X chromosome. This exclusion is significant, since the X chromosome contains a high density of immune-related genes and regulatory elements that are extensively involved in both the innate and adaptive immune responses. Many diseases present with a clear sex bias, and apart from the influence of sex hormones and socioeconomic and behavioural factors, the X chromosome, X-linked genes and X chromosome inactivation mechanisms contribute to this difference. Females are functional mosaics for X-linked genes due to X chromosome inactivation and this, combined with other X chromosome inactivation mechanisms such as genes that escape silencing and skewed inactivation, could contribute to an immunological advantage for females in many infections. In this review, we discuss the involvement of the X chromosome and X inactivation in immunity and address its role in sexual dimorphism of infectious diseases using tuberculosis susceptibility as an example, in which male sex bias is clear, yet not fully explored.

@article{
 title = {Polymorphisms in the Pattern Recognition Receptor Mincle Gene (CLEC4E) and Association with Tuberculosis},
 type = {article},
 year = {2016},
 keywords = {CLEC4E,Mincle,Mycobacterium tuberculosis,Polymorphism,Susceptibility},
 volume = {194},
 id = {76fc78fa-baac-3393-9edd-645b43683dae},
 created = {2020-08-28T12:24:30.937Z},
 file_attached = {false},
 profile_id = {5f2c5af9-e641-3116-9747-e42573e0b3b9},
 last_modified = {2020-08-28T12:24:30.937Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {true},
 confirmed = {false},
 hidden = {false},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {© 2016, Springer Science+Business Media New York. The mechanisms involved in interactions between Mycobacterium tuberculosis and host innate immune cells determine outcome. Antigen-presenting cells, including macrophages and dendritic cells, express many pattern recognition receptors to identify pathogen-associated molecular patterns, thereby initiating an immune response. A major mycobacterial virulence factor, trehalose-6′,6-dimycolate, is recognised by the macrophage-inducible C-type lectin, Mincle, which leads to the activation of the Syk-Card9 signalling pathway in macrophages. Mincle is encoded by CLEC4E, and we investigated polymorphisms in this gene to assess its role in tuberculosis susceptibility. Four tagging single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) (rs10841845, rs10841847, rs10841856 and rs4620776) were genotyped using TaqMan® SNP assays in 416 tuberculosis cases and 405 healthy controls. Logistic regression models were used for analysis. No association was detected with any of the SNPs analysed. This research highlights tuberculosis disease complexity where recognition proteins which specifically bind mycobacterial glycolipids cannot be conclusively associated with the disease in genetic studies.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Bowker, N. and Salie, M. and Schurz, H. and van Helden, P.D. and Kinnear, C.J. and Hoal, E.G. and Möller, M.},
 doi = {10.1007/s00408-016-9915-y},
 journal = {Lung},
 number = {5}
}

© 2016, Springer Science+Business Media New York. The mechanisms involved in interactions between Mycobacterium tuberculosis and host innate immune cells determine outcome. Antigen-presenting cells, including macrophages and dendritic cells, express many pattern recognition receptors to identify pathogen-associated molecular patterns, thereby initiating an immune response. A major mycobacterial virulence factor, trehalose-6′,6-dimycolate, is recognised by the macrophage-inducible C-type lectin, Mincle, which leads to the activation of the Syk-Card9 signalling pathway in macrophages. Mincle is encoded by CLEC4E, and we investigated polymorphisms in this gene to assess its role in tuberculosis susceptibility. Four tagging single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) (rs10841845, rs10841847, rs10841856 and rs4620776) were genotyped using TaqMan® SNP assays in 416 tuberculosis cases and 405 healthy controls. Logistic regression models were used for analysis. No association was detected with any of the SNPs analysed. This research highlights tuberculosis disease complexity where recognition proteins which specifically bind mycobacterial glycolipids cannot be conclusively associated with the disease in genetic studies.

@article{
 title = {Activating KIRs alter susceptibility to pulmonary tuberculosis in a South African population},
 type = {article},
 year = {2015},
 keywords = {HLA,KIR,Susceptibility,Tuberculosis},
 volume = {95},
 id = {5a415408-f2fd-3c6c-bea7-90b33769ee0b},
 created = {2020-08-28T12:24:30.823Z},
 file_attached = {false},
 profile_id = {5f2c5af9-e641-3116-9747-e42573e0b3b9},
 last_modified = {2020-08-28T12:24:30.823Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {true},
 confirmed = {false},
 hidden = {false},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {© 2015 Elsevier Ltd. We investigate the role of killer immunoglobulin-like receptor (KIR) genes and human leukocyte antigen class-I (HLA) variants in susceptibility to tuberculosis in a South African population. In a sample set comprising 408 TB cases and 351 healthy controls, we show that the KIR3DS1 gene and KIR genotypes with five or more activating KIRs, and the presence of 3DS1, protect against developing active TB in the South African Coloured population. Several HLA class-I alleles were identified as susceptibility factors for TB disease. However, none of the KIR-HLA compound genotypes were found to be associated with TB. Our data suggests that the KIR genes may play an important role in TB disease.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Salie, M. and Daya, M. and Möller, M. and Hoal, E.G.},
 doi = {10.1016/j.tube.2015.09.003},
 journal = {Tuberculosis},
 number = {6}
}

© 2015 Elsevier Ltd. We investigate the role of killer immunoglobulin-like receptor (KIR) genes and human leukocyte antigen class-I (HLA) variants in susceptibility to tuberculosis in a South African population. In a sample set comprising 408 TB cases and 351 healthy controls, we show that the KIR3DS1 gene and KIR genotypes with five or more activating KIRs, and the presence of 3DS1, protect against developing active TB in the South African Coloured population. Several HLA class-I alleles were identified as susceptibility factors for TB disease. However, none of the KIR-HLA compound genotypes were found to be associated with TB. Our data suggests that the KIR genes may play an important role in TB disease.

@article{
 title = {Analysis of Prostate Cancer Susceptibility Variants in South African Men: Replicating Associations on Chromosomes 8q24 and 10q11},
 type = {article},
 year = {2015},
 volume = {2015},
 id = {4bd1450e-b831-3d5f-b5eb-abe2cfd48929},
 created = {2020-08-28T12:24:30.823Z},
 file_attached = {false},
 profile_id = {5f2c5af9-e641-3116-9747-e42573e0b3b9},
 last_modified = {2020-08-28T12:24:30.823Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {true},
 confirmed = {false},
 hidden = {false},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {© 2015 Pedro Fernandez et al. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have implicated single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) on chromosomes 2p15, 6q25, 7p15.2, 7q21, 8q24, 10q11, 10q26, 11q13, 17q12, 17q24, 19q13, and Xp11, with prostate cancer (PCa) susceptibility and/or tumour aggressiveness, in populations of African, European, and Asian ancestry. The objective of this study was to confirm these associations in South African Mixed Ancestry and White men. We evaluated 17 prioritised GWAS SNPs in South African cases (331 Mixed Ancestry and 155 White) and controls (178 Mixed Ancestry and 145 White). The replicated SNP associations for the different South African ethnic groups were rs7008482 (8q24) (p = 2.45 × 10-5), rs6983267 (8q24) (p = 4.48 × 10-7), and rs10993994 (10q11) (p = 1.40 × 10-3) in Mixed Ancestry men and rs10993994 (p = 1.56 × 10-9) in White men. No significant associations were observed for the analyses stratified by disease aggressiveness in the individual and the combined population group analysis. The present study demonstrates that a number of known PCa susceptibility variants may contribute to disease susceptibility in South African men. Larger genetic investigations extended to other South African population groups are warranted to confirm the role of these and other SNPs in disease susceptibility.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Fernandez, P. and Salie, M. and Du Toit, D. and Van Der Merwe, A.},
 doi = {10.1155/2015/465184},
 journal = {Prostate Cancer}
}

© 2015 Pedro Fernandez et al. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have implicated single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) on chromosomes 2p15, 6q25, 7p15.2, 7q21, 8q24, 10q11, 10q26, 11q13, 17q12, 17q24, 19q13, and Xp11, with prostate cancer (PCa) susceptibility and/or tumour aggressiveness, in populations of African, European, and Asian ancestry. The objective of this study was to confirm these associations in South African Mixed Ancestry and White men. We evaluated 17 prioritised GWAS SNPs in South African cases (331 Mixed Ancestry and 155 White) and controls (178 Mixed Ancestry and 145 White). The replicated SNP associations for the different South African ethnic groups were rs7008482 (8q24) (p = 2.45 × 10-5), rs6983267 (8q24) (p = 4.48 × 10-7), and rs10993994 (10q11) (p = 1.40 × 10-3) in Mixed Ancestry men and rs10993994 (p = 1.56 × 10-9) in White men. No significant associations were observed for the analyses stratified by disease aggressiveness in the individual and the combined population group analysis. The present study demonstrates that a number of known PCa susceptibility variants may contribute to disease susceptibility in South African men. Larger genetic investigations extended to other South African population groups are warranted to confirm the role of these and other SNPs in disease susceptibility.

@article{
 title = {TLR1, 2, 4, 6 and 9 variants associated with tuberculosis susceptibility: A systematic review and meta-analysis},
 type = {article},
 year = {2015},
 volume = {10},
 id = {86706aae-3183-368c-8be0-df5e88a72464},
 created = {2020-08-28T12:24:30.878Z},
 file_attached = {false},
 profile_id = {5f2c5af9-e641-3116-9747-e42573e0b3b9},
 last_modified = {2020-08-28T12:24:30.878Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {true},
 confirmed = {false},
 hidden = {false},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {© 2015 Schurz et al. Background Studies investigating the influence of toll-like receptor (TLR) polymorphisms and tuberculosis susceptibility have yielded varying and often contradictory results in different ethnic groups. A meta-analysis was conducted to investigate the relationship between TLR variants and susceptibility to tuberculosis, both across and within specific ethnic groups. Methods An extensive database search was performed for studies investigating the relationship between TLR and tuberculosis (TB) susceptibility. Data was subsequently extracted from included studies and statistically analysed. Results 32 articles involving 18907 individuals were included in thismeta-analysis, and data was extracted for 14 TLR polymorphisms. Various genetic models were employed. An increased risk of TB was found for individuals with the TLR2 rs3804100 CC and the TLR9 rs352139 GA and GG genotypes, while decreased risk was identified for those with the AG genotype of TLR1 rs4833095. The T allele of TLR6 rs5743810 conferred protection across all ethnic groups. TLR2 rs5743708 subgroup analysis identified the A allele to increase susceptibility to TB in the Asian ethnic group, while conferring protection in the Hispanic group. The T allele of TLR4 rs4986791 was also found to increase the risk of TB in the Asian subgroup. All other TLR gene variants investigated were not found to be associated with TB in this meta-analysis. Discussion Although general associations were identified, most TLR variants showed no significant association with TB, indicating that additional studies investigating a wider range of pattern recognition receptors is required to gain a better understanding of this complex disease. Copyright:},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Schurz, H. and Daya, M. and Möller, M. and Hoal, E.G. and Salie, M.},
 doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0139711},
 journal = {PLoS ONE},
 number = {10}
}

© 2015 Schurz et al. Background Studies investigating the influence of toll-like receptor (TLR) polymorphisms and tuberculosis susceptibility have yielded varying and often contradictory results in different ethnic groups. A meta-analysis was conducted to investigate the relationship between TLR variants and susceptibility to tuberculosis, both across and within specific ethnic groups. Methods An extensive database search was performed for studies investigating the relationship between TLR and tuberculosis (TB) susceptibility. Data was subsequently extracted from included studies and statistically analysed. Results 32 articles involving 18907 individuals were included in thismeta-analysis, and data was extracted for 14 TLR polymorphisms. Various genetic models were employed. An increased risk of TB was found for individuals with the TLR2 rs3804100 CC and the TLR9 rs352139 GA and GG genotypes, while decreased risk was identified for those with the AG genotype of TLR1 rs4833095. The T allele of TLR6 rs5743810 conferred protection across all ethnic groups. TLR2 rs5743708 subgroup analysis identified the A allele to increase susceptibility to TB in the Asian ethnic group, while conferring protection in the Hispanic group. The T allele of TLR4 rs4986791 was also found to increase the risk of TB in the Asian subgroup. All other TLR gene variants investigated were not found to be associated with TB in this meta-analysis. Discussion Although general associations were identified, most TLR variants showed no significant association with TB, indicating that additional studies investigating a wider range of pattern recognition receptors is required to gain a better understanding of this complex disease. Copyright:

@article{
 title = {Association of toll-like receptors with susceptibility to tuberculosis suggests sex-specific effects of TLR8 polymorphisms},
 type = {article},
 year = {2015},
 keywords = {Host-pathogen,Mycobacterium tuberculosis,Polymorphism,Susceptibility,Toll-like receptors,Tuberculosis},
 volume = {34},
 id = {1cbc823c-6306-308b-a5f0-55baae6f49e9},
 created = {2020-08-28T12:24:30.988Z},
 file_attached = {false},
 profile_id = {5f2c5af9-e641-3116-9747-e42573e0b3b9},
 last_modified = {2020-08-28T12:24:30.988Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {true},
 confirmed = {false},
 hidden = {false},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {© 2015 Elsevier B.V. Background: Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are involved in the recognition of conserved microbial structures, leading to activation of an inflammatory response and formation of an adaptive immune response. Methods: Twenty-three polymorphisms in five TLR genes were genotyped in 729 tuberculosis cases and 487 healthy controls in a population-based case-control association study in a South African population. Results: We detected sex-specific associations for TLR8 polymorphisms, with rs3761624 (OR=1.54, p<0.001), rs3764879 (OR=1.41, p=0.011) and rs3764880 (OR=1.42, p=0.011) associated in females and rs3764879 (OR=0.72, p=0.013) and rs3764880 (OR=0.75, p=0.036) associated in males. Epistatic interactions between the TLR genes were investigated and the TLR1_rs4833095 polymorphism was shown to interact with TLR2_rs3804100 and (GT)<inf>n</inf> microsatellite (p=0.002) and alter susceptibility to TB. We also studied the role of TLRs in disease caused by different Mycobacterium tuberculosis genotypes in 257 tuberculosis cases, and identified associations between specific TLR polymorphisms and disease caused by specific strains. Conclusion: This study provides further evidence that the TLRs play an important role in the outcome of tuberculosis disease, and suggests a partial explanation for the male bias in tuberculosis ratios.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Salie, M. and Daya, M. and Lucas, L.A. and Warren, R.M. and van der Spuy, G.D. and van Helden, P.D. and Hoal, E.G. and Möller, M.},
 doi = {10.1016/j.meegid.2015.07.004},
 journal = {Infection, Genetics and Evolution}
}

© 2015 Elsevier B.V. Background: Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are involved in the recognition of conserved microbial structures, leading to activation of an inflammatory response and formation of an adaptive immune response. Methods: Twenty-three polymorphisms in five TLR genes were genotyped in 729 tuberculosis cases and 487 healthy controls in a population-based case-control association study in a South African population. Results: We detected sex-specific associations for TLR8 polymorphisms, with rs3761624 (OR=1.54, p<0.001), rs3764879 (OR=1.41, p=0.011) and rs3764880 (OR=1.42, p=0.011) associated in females and rs3764879 (OR=0.72, p=0.013) and rs3764880 (OR=0.75, p=0.036) associated in males. Epistatic interactions between the TLR genes were investigated and the TLR1_rs4833095 polymorphism was shown to interact with TLR2_rs3804100 and (GT)n microsatellite (p=0.002) and alter susceptibility to TB. We also studied the role of TLRs in disease caused by different Mycobacterium tuberculosis genotypes in 257 tuberculosis cases, and identified associations between specific TLR polymorphisms and disease caused by specific strains. Conclusion: This study provides further evidence that the TLRs play an important role in the outcome of tuberculosis disease, and suggests a partial explanation for the male bias in tuberculosis ratios.

@article{
 title = {Associations between human leukocyte antigen class i variants and the mycobacterium tuberculosis subtypes causing disease},
 type = {article},
 year = {2014},
 keywords = {Coadaptation,Host-pathogen,Human leukocyte antigens,Mycobacterium tuberculosis,Susceptibility,Tuberculosis},
 volume = {209},
 id = {13869d08-8f97-3f0b-9cc5-b456f117ac5e},
 created = {2020-08-28T12:24:31.062Z},
 file_attached = {false},
 profile_id = {5f2c5af9-e641-3116-9747-e42573e0b3b9},
 last_modified = {2020-08-28T12:24:31.062Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {true},
 confirmed = {false},
 hidden = {false},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {Background. The development of active tuberculosis disease has been shown to be multifactorial. Interactions between host and bacterial genotype may influence disease outcome, with some studies indicating the adaptation of M. tuberculosis strains to specific human populations. Here we investigate the role of the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I genes in this biological process.Methods. Three hundred patients with tuberculosis from South Africa were typed for their HLA class I alleles by direct sequencing. Mycobacterium tuberculosis genotype classification was done by IS6110 restriction fragment length polymorphism genotyping and spoligotyping.Results. We showed that Beijing strain occurred more frequently in individuals with multiple disease episodes (P <. 001) with the HLA-B27 allele lowering the odds of having an additional episode (odds ratio, 0.21; P =. 006). Associations were also identified for specific HLA types and disease caused by the Beijing, LAM, LCC, and Quebec strains. HLA types were also associated with disease caused by strains from the Euro-American or East Asian lineages, and the frequencies of these alleles in their sympatric human populations identified potential coevolutionary events between host and pathogen.Conclusions. This is the first report of the association of human HLA types and M. tuberculosis strain genotype, highlighting that both host and pathogen genetics need to be taken into consideration when studying tuberculosis disease development. © The Author 2013.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Salie, M. and Van Der Merwe, L. and Möller, M. and Daya, M. and Van Der Spuy, G.D. and Van Helden, P.D. and Martin, M.P. and Gao, X.-J. and Warren, R.M. and Carrington, M. and Hoal, E.G.},
 doi = {10.1093/infdis/jit443},
 journal = {Journal of Infectious Diseases},
 number = {2}
}

Background. The development of active tuberculosis disease has been shown to be multifactorial. Interactions between host and bacterial genotype may influence disease outcome, with some studies indicating the adaptation of M. tuberculosis strains to specific human populations. Here we investigate the role of the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I genes in this biological process.Methods. Three hundred patients with tuberculosis from South Africa were typed for their HLA class I alleles by direct sequencing. Mycobacterium tuberculosis genotype classification was done by IS6110 restriction fragment length polymorphism genotyping and spoligotyping.Results. We showed that Beijing strain occurred more frequently in individuals with multiple disease episodes (P <. 001) with the HLA-B27 allele lowering the odds of having an additional episode (odds ratio, 0.21; P =. 006). Associations were also identified for specific HLA types and disease caused by the Beijing, LAM, LCC, and Quebec strains. HLA types were also associated with disease caused by strains from the Euro-American or East Asian lineages, and the frequencies of these alleles in their sympatric human populations identified potential coevolutionary events between host and pathogen.Conclusions. This is the first report of the association of human HLA types and M. tuberculosis strain genotype, highlighting that both host and pathogen genetics need to be taken into consideration when studying tuberculosis disease development. © The Author 2013.

@article{
 title = {A panel of ancestry informative markers for the complex five-way admixed South African Coloured population},
 type = {article},
 year = {2013},
 volume = {8},
 id = {b906e7b1-ab14-3e32-97e1-7d0704feac70},
 created = {2020-08-28T12:24:31.054Z},
 file_attached = {false},
 profile_id = {5f2c5af9-e641-3116-9747-e42573e0b3b9},
 last_modified = {2020-08-28T12:24:31.054Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {true},
 confirmed = {false},
 hidden = {false},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {Admixture is a well known confounder in genetic association studies. If genome-wide data is not available, as would be the case for candidate gene studies, ancestry informative markers (AIMs) are required in order to adjust for admixture. The predominant population group in the Western Cape, South Africa, is the admixed group known as the South African Coloured (SAC). A small set of AIMs that is optimized to distinguish between the five source populations of this population (African San, African non-San, European, South Asian, and East Asian) will enable researchers to cost-effectively reduce false-positive findings resulting from ignoring admixture in genetic association studies of the population. Using genome-wide data to find SNPs with large allele frequency differences between the source populations of the SAC, as quantified by Rosenberg et. al's In-statistic, we developed a panel of AIMs by experimenting with various selection strategies. Subsets of different sizes were evaluated by measuring the correlation between ancestry proportions estimated by each AIM subset with ancestry proportions estimated using genome-wide data. We show that a panel of 96 AIMs can be used to assess ancestry proportions and to adjust for the confounding effect of the complex five-way admixture that occurred in the South African Coloured population. © 2013 Daya et al.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Daya, M. and Der Merwe, L. and Galal, U. and Möller, M. and Salie, M. and Chimusa, E.R. and Galanter, J.M. and Van Helden, P.D. and Henn, B.M. and Gignoux, C.R. and Hoal, E.},
 doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0082224},
 journal = {PLoS ONE},
 number = {12}
}

Admixture is a well known confounder in genetic association studies. If genome-wide data is not available, as would be the case for candidate gene studies, ancestry informative markers (AIMs) are required in order to adjust for admixture. The predominant population group in the Western Cape, South Africa, is the admixed group known as the South African Coloured (SAC). A small set of AIMs that is optimized to distinguish between the five source populations of this population (African San, African non-San, European, South Asian, and East Asian) will enable researchers to cost-effectively reduce false-positive findings resulting from ignoring admixture in genetic association studies of the population. Using genome-wide data to find SNPs with large allele frequency differences between the source populations of the SAC, as quantified by Rosenberg et. al's In-statistic, we developed a panel of AIMs by experimenting with various selection strategies. Subsets of different sizes were evaluated by measuring the correlation between ancestry proportions estimated by each AIM subset with ancestry proportions estimated using genome-wide data. We show that a panel of 96 AIMs can be used to assess ancestry proportions and to adjust for the confounding effect of the complex five-way admixture that occurred in the South African Coloured population. © 2013 Daya et al.