@misc{
 title = {Commentary on “The deterministic condition for the ground reaction force acting point on the combined knee valgus and tibial internal rotation moments in the early phase of cutting maneuvers in female athletes”},
 type = {misc},
 year = {2024},
 source = {Journal of Sport and Health Science},
 publisher = {Elsevier B.V.},
 id = {36b736aa-94d3-310e-bca6-aba3a4792d41},
 created = {2024-05-09T17:20:14.332Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {b39eb9f3-933a-3c2c-af6f-c65b69510b13},
 last_modified = {2024-05-09T17:20:41.450Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {true},
 confirmed = {false},
 hidden = {false},
 private_publication = {false},
 bibtype = {misc},
 author = {Schilaty, Nathan D. and Bates, Nathaniel A.},
 doi = {10.1016/j.jshs.2023.11.007}
}

@article{
 title = {Modulation of dopamine release by ethanol is mediated by atypical GABAA receptors on cholinergic interneurons in the nucleus accumbens},
 type = {article},
 year = {2022},
 pages = {e13108},
 volume = {27},
 id = {1a2e171c-a314-38a3-aba9-eb98280f7c90},
 created = {2021-10-29T13:07:02.402Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {b39eb9f3-933a-3c2c-af6f-c65b69510b13},
 last_modified = {2022-07-19T18:02:20.680Z},
 read = {true},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {true},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {Previous studies indicate that moderate-to-high ethanol (EtOH) concentrations enhance dopamine (DA) neurotransmission in the mesolimbic DA system from the ventral tegmental area (VTA) and projecting to the nucleus accumbens core (NAc). However, voltammetry studies demonstrate that moderate-to-high EtOH concentrations decrease evoked DA release at NAc terminals. The involvement of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptors (GABAARs), glycine (GLY) receptors (GLYRs) and cholinergic interneurons (CINs) in mediating EtOH inhibition of evoked NAc DA release were examined. Fast scan cyclic voltammetry, electrophysiology, optogenetics and immunohistochemistry techniques were used to evaluate the effects of acute and chronic EtOH exposure on DA release and CIN activity in C57/BL6, CD-1, transgenic mice and δ-subunit knockout (KO) mice (δ−/−). Ethanol decreased DA release in mice with an IC50 of 80 mM ex vivo and 2.0 g/kg in vivo. GABA and GLY decreased evoked DA release at 1–10 mM. Typical GABAAR agonists inhibited DA release at high concentrations. Typical GABAAR antagonists had minimal effects on EtOH inhibition of evoked DA release. However, EtOH inhibition of DA release was blocked by the α4β3δ GABAAR antagonist Ro15-4513, the GLYR antagonist strychnine and by the GABA ρ1 (Rho-1) antagonist TPMPA (10 μM) and reduced significantly in GABAAR δ−/− mice. Rho-1 expression was observed in CINs. Ethanol inhibited GABAergic synaptic input to CINs from the VTA and enhanced firing rate, both of which were blocked by TPMPA. Results herein suggest that EtOH inhibition of DA release in the NAc is modulated by GLYRs and atypical GABAARs on CINs containing δ- and Rho-subunits.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Yorgason, Jordan T. and Hillary A. Wadsworth, undefined and Anderson, Elizabeth J. and Williams, Benjamin M. and Brundage, James N. and Hedges, David M. and Stockard, Alyssa L. and Jones, Stephen T. and Arthur, Summer B. and Hansen, David Micah and Schilaty, Nathan D. and Jang, Eun Young and Lee, Anna M. and Wallner, Martin and Steffensen, Scott C.},
 doi = {10.1111/adb.13108},
 journal = {Addict Biol},
 number = {1}
}

Previous studies indicate that moderate-to-high ethanol (EtOH) concentrations enhance dopamine (DA) neurotransmission in the mesolimbic DA system from the ventral tegmental area (VTA) and projecting to the nucleus accumbens core (NAc). However, voltammetry studies demonstrate that moderate-to-high EtOH concentrations decrease evoked DA release at NAc terminals. The involvement of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptors (GABAARs), glycine (GLY) receptors (GLYRs) and cholinergic interneurons (CINs) in mediating EtOH inhibition of evoked NAc DA release were examined. Fast scan cyclic voltammetry, electrophysiology, optogenetics and immunohistochemistry techniques were used to evaluate the effects of acute and chronic EtOH exposure on DA release and CIN activity in C57/BL6, CD-1, transgenic mice and δ-subunit knockout (KO) mice (δ−/−). Ethanol decreased DA release in mice with an IC50 of 80 mM ex vivo and 2.0 g/kg in vivo. GABA and GLY decreased evoked DA release at 1–10 mM. Typical GABAAR agonists inhibited DA release at high concentrations. Typical GABAAR antagonists had minimal effects on EtOH inhibition of evoked DA release. However, EtOH inhibition of DA release was blocked by the α4β3δ GABAAR antagonist Ro15-4513, the GLYR antagonist strychnine and by the GABA ρ1 (Rho-1) antagonist TPMPA (10 μM) and reduced significantly in GABAAR δ−/− mice. Rho-1 expression was observed in CINs. Ethanol inhibited GABAergic synaptic input to CINs from the VTA and enhanced firing rate, both of which were blocked by TPMPA. Results herein suggest that EtOH inhibition of DA release in the NAc is modulated by GLYRs and atypical GABAARs on CINs containing δ- and Rho-subunits.

@article{
 title = {Redirect Indirects: A Phased Approach to Decentralized Research Funding},
 type = {article},
 year = {2022},
 pages = {4881},
 id = {1af97baf-cd45-3010-ad72-8683d3245823},
 created = {2022-03-03T18:08:07.668Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {b39eb9f3-933a-3c2c-af6f-c65b69510b13},
 last_modified = {2022-03-29T02:43:17.133Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {true},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 private_publication = {false},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Schilaty, Nathan D. and Hedges, David M.},
 doi = {10.20935/AL4881},
 journal = {Academia Letters}
}

@article{
 title = {Arthrogenic Muscle Inhibition Manifests in Thigh Musculature Motor Unit Characteristics After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury},
 type = {article},
 year = {2022},
 pages = {1-11},
 volume = {2},
 id = {c70c7b90-8504-30e0-97df-35846d3f0b23},
 created = {2022-03-24T15:47:45.438Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {b39eb9f3-933a-3c2c-af6f-c65b69510b13},
 last_modified = {2024-08-07T13:42:08.878Z},
 read = {true},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {true},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 private_publication = {false},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Schilaty, Nathan D. and McPherson, April L. and Nagai, Takashi and Bates, Nathaniel A.},
 doi = {10.1080/17461391.2022.2056520},
 journal = {Eur J Sport Sci},
 number = {May}
}

@article{
 title = {Reliability and Sex Differences of Choice Visual-Motor Reaction Time and Force Characteristics of Neck Muscles Using a Novel Test},
 type = {article},
 year = {2022},
 keywords = {1,10,11,22374,4,7 april 2022,doi,e1,e13,https,j sports perf vis,jspv,neck-specific,org,peak force,rate of force development,sensorimotor,the creative commons attribution-,this article is distributed,under the terms of,v4i1,visual-motor reaction time},
 pages = {1-13},
 volume = {4},
 id = {55fa3f78-9746-3e65-b124-717bed105846},
 created = {2022-04-07T19:00:19.291Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {b39eb9f3-933a-3c2c-af6f-c65b69510b13},
 last_modified = {2024-05-30T16:30:38.595Z},
 read = {true},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {true},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 private_publication = {false},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Nagai, Takashi and Schilaty, Nathan D and Chang, Ryan W and Keller, Valerie and Stiennon, Sean T},
 journal = {Journal of Sports and Performance Vision},
 number = {April}
}

@article{
 title = {Head and Neck Characteristics as Risk Factors For and Protective Factors Against Mild Traumatic Brain Injury in Military and Sporting Populations : A Systematic Review},
 type = {article},
 year = {2022},
 websites = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-022-01683-2},
 publisher = {Springer International Publishing},
 id = {f07121ee-7af0-32e1-81b8-474298930630},
 created = {2022-05-07T12:21:13.117Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {b39eb9f3-933a-3c2c-af6f-c65b69510b13},
 last_modified = {2022-05-07T12:26:11.421Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {true},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 private_publication = {false},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Cooney, Nicholas J and Sowman, Paul and Schilaty, Nathan and Bates, Nathaniel and Hewett, Timothy E and Doyle, Tim L A},
 doi = {10.1007/s40279-022-01683-2},
 journal = {Sports Medicine},
 number = {0123456789}
}

@article{
 title = {Biomechanical muscle stiffness measures of extensor digitorum explain potential mechanism of McArdle sign},
 type = {article},
 year = {2021},
 keywords = {diagnosis,mcardle,multiple sclerosis,myelopathy,neuromechanical error,stiffness},
 pages = {105277},
 volume = {82},
 id = {636ced2b-8008-338c-bf9c-133688d1b317},
 created = {2020-05-14T20:44:10.870Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {b39eb9f3-933a-3c2c-af6f-c65b69510b13},
 last_modified = {2023-09-28T16:59:09.443Z},
 read = {true},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {true},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {Background: McArdle sign is a phenomenon of impaired gait and muscle weakness that occurs with neck flexion, immediately reversible with neck extension. A recent report measured the specificity of this sign for multiple sclerosis by measuring differences in peak torque of the extensor digitorum between neck extension and flexion. Methods: This substudy included 73 participants (29 multiple sclerosis, 20 non-multiple sclerosis myelopathies, 5 peripheral nerve disorders, and 19 healthy controls). The effect of neck position was assessed on muscle stiffness and neuromechanical error of the extensor digitorum. Findings: Patients with multiple sclerosis had greater neuromechanical error (sum of squared error of prediction) compared to controls (P = 0.023) and non-multiple sclerosis myelopathies (P = 0.003). Neuromechanical error also provided improved sensitivity/specificity of McArdle sign. Peak torque, muscle stiffness, and neuro- mechanical error could distinguish multiple sclerosis from other myelopathies with 80% specificity and 97% sensitivity (AUC = 0.95). Interpretation: A decrease in muscle stiffness and neuromechanical error in neck flexion compared to extension are additional indicators for a diagnosis of multiple sclerosis. Analysis of muscle stiffness may provide insights into the pathophysiology of this specific clinical sign for multiple sclerosis. Furthermore, muscle stiffness may provide an additional accurate, simple assessment to evaluate multiple sclerosis therapeutic interventions and disease progression.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Schilaty, Nathan D. and Savoldi, Filippo and Nasr, Zahra and Delgado, Adriana M. and Berglund, Lawrence and Weinshenker, Brian G.},
 doi = {10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2021.105277},
 journal = {Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon)}
}

Background: McArdle sign is a phenomenon of impaired gait and muscle weakness that occurs with neck flexion, immediately reversible with neck extension. A recent report measured the specificity of this sign for multiple sclerosis by measuring differences in peak torque of the extensor digitorum between neck extension and flexion. Methods: This substudy included 73 participants (29 multiple sclerosis, 20 non-multiple sclerosis myelopathies, 5 peripheral nerve disorders, and 19 healthy controls). The effect of neck position was assessed on muscle stiffness and neuromechanical error of the extensor digitorum. Findings: Patients with multiple sclerosis had greater neuromechanical error (sum of squared error of prediction) compared to controls (P = 0.023) and non-multiple sclerosis myelopathies (P = 0.003). Neuromechanical error also provided improved sensitivity/specificity of McArdle sign. Peak torque, muscle stiffness, and neuro- mechanical error could distinguish multiple sclerosis from other myelopathies with 80% specificity and 97% sensitivity (AUC = 0.95). Interpretation: A decrease in muscle stiffness and neuromechanical error in neck flexion compared to extension are additional indicators for a diagnosis of multiple sclerosis. Analysis of muscle stiffness may provide insights into the pathophysiology of this specific clinical sign for multiple sclerosis. Furthermore, muscle stiffness may provide an additional accurate, simple assessment to evaluate multiple sclerosis therapeutic interventions and disease progression.

@article{
 title = {Filtration Selection and Data Consilience: Distinguishing Signal from Artefact with Mechanical Impact Simulator Data},
 type = {article},
 year = {2021},
 pages = {334-344},
 volume = {49},
 websites = {https://link.springer.com/10.1007/s10439-020-02562-5},
 month = {1},
 publisher = {Springer International Publishing},
 day = {6},
 id = {68cc5d07-df21-3b91-abfd-960ffd034779},
 created = {2020-07-07T14:36:33.474Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {b39eb9f3-933a-3c2c-af6f-c65b69510b13},
 last_modified = {2024-02-03T15:25:15.003Z},
 read = {true},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {true},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 private_publication = {false},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Schilaty, Nathan D. and Bates, Nathaniel A. and Ueno, Ryo and Hewett, Timothy E.},
 doi = {10.1007/s10439-020-02562-5},
 journal = {Annals of Biomedical Engineering},
 number = {1}
}

@article{
 title = {Anterior Cruciate Ligament Loading Increases With Pivot-Shift Mechanism During Asymmetrical Drop Vertical Jump in Female Athletes},
 type = {article},
 year = {2021},
 keywords = {ACL,a ruptured acl,acl,anterior cruciate ligament,finite element,injuries are one of,knee,landing,most devastating injuries in,sports,standard of care for,strain,struction is the clinical,the,while surgical recon-},
 pages = {2325967121989095},
 volume = {9},
 websites = {https://doi.org/10.1177/2325967121989095},
 id = {5ce4419b-2fd6-3fa5-8605-7e5c6acaf8a0},
 created = {2021-03-10T15:08:49.680Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {b39eb9f3-933a-3c2c-af6f-c65b69510b13},
 last_modified = {2021-10-26T15:02:25.391Z},
 read = {true},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {true},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 private_publication = {false},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Ueno, Ryo and Navacchia, Alessandro and Schilaty, Nathan D and Myer, Gregory D and Hewett, Timothy E and Bates, Nathaniel A},
 doi = {10.1177/2325967121989095},
 journal = {Orthop J Sports Med},
 number = {3}
}

@article{
 title = {High School Female Basketball Athletes Exhibit Decreased Knee‐Specific Choice Visual‐Motor Reaction Time},
 type = {article},
 year = {2021},
 pages = {1699-1707},
 volume = {31},
 id = {e289773a-1de3-3bdf-b225-227aa5f053cf},
 created = {2021-04-29T22:00:15.114Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {b39eb9f3-933a-3c2c-af6f-c65b69510b13},
 last_modified = {2022-10-24T15:33:29.290Z},
 read = {true},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {true},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 private_publication = {false},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Nagai, Takashi and Schilaty, Nathan D. and Bates, Nathaniel A. and Bies, Nicholas J. and McPherson, April L. and Hewett, Timothy E.},
 doi = {doi:10.1111/sms.13978},
 journal = {Scand J Med Sci Sports}
}

@article{
 title = {Mechanics of cadaveric anterior cruciate ligament reconstructions during simulated jump landing tasks: Lessons learned from a pilot investigation},
 type = {article},
 year = {2021},
 keywords = {ACL,ACL reconstruction,Knee biomechanics,Simulated},
 pages = {105372},
 volume = {86},
 websites = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2021.105372},
 publisher = {Elsevier Ltd},
 id = {4459dabe-3fcc-362f-aa82-7c405c6114e8},
 created = {2021-06-01T17:28:50.041Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {b39eb9f3-933a-3c2c-af6f-c65b69510b13},
 last_modified = {2021-06-01T17:28:57.912Z},
 read = {true},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {true},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 private_publication = {false},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Schilaty, Nathan D. and Martin, R. Kyle and Ueno, Ryo and Rigamonti, Luca and Bates, Nathaniel A.},
 doi = {10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2021.105372},
 journal = {Clinical Biomechanics},
 number = {May}
}

@article{
 title = {Hamstrings Contraction Regulates the Magnitude and Timing of the Peak ACL Loading During the Drop Vertical Jump in Female Athletes},
 type = {article},
 year = {2021},
 keywords = {finite element,knee,landing,modeling,musculoskeletal,strain},
 pages = {23259671211034487},
 volume = {9},
 id = {fdbdd8db-8887-3ec2-8cd9-2349adf2cd82},
 created = {2021-07-21T13:53:17.815Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {b39eb9f3-933a-3c2c-af6f-c65b69510b13},
 last_modified = {2022-02-07T16:57:04.085Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {true},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {Background: Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury reduction training has focused on lower body strengthening and landing stabilization. In vitro studies have shown that quadriceps forces increase ACL strain, and hamstring forces decrease ACL strain. However, the magnitude of the effect of the quadriceps and hamstrings forces on ACL loading and its timing during in vivo landings remains unclear. Purpose: To investigate the effect and timing of knee muscle forces on ACL loading during landing. Study Design: Descriptive laboratory study. Methods: A total of 13 young female athletes performed drop vertical jump trials, and their movements were recorded with 3-dimensional motion capture. Lower limb joint motion and muscle forces were estimated with OpenSim and applied to a mus- culoskeletal finite element (FE) model to estimate ACL loading during landings. The FE simulations were performed with 5 different conditions that included/excluded kinematics, ground-reaction force (GRF), and muscle forces. Results: Simulation of landing kinematics without GRF or muscle forces yielded an estimated median ACL strain and force of 5.1% and 282.6 N. Addition of GRF to kinematic simulations increased ACL strain and force to 6.8% and 418.4 N (P < .05). Addition of quadriceps force to kinematics þ GRF simulations nonsignificantly increased ACL strain and force to 7.2% and 478.5 N. Addition of hamstrings force to kinematics þGRF simulations decreased ACL strain and force to 2.6% and 171.4 N (P< .001). Addition of all muscles to kinematics þ GRF simulations decreased ACL strain and force to 3.3% and 195.1 N (P < .001). With hamstrings force, ACL loading decreased from initial contact (time of peak: 1-18 milliseconds) while ACL loading without hamstrings force peaked at 47 to 98 milliseconds after initial contact (P ¼ .024-.001). The knee flexion angle increased from 20.9? to 73.1? within 100 milli- seconds after initial contact. Conclusion: Hamstrings activation had greater effect relative to GRF and quadriceps activation on ACL loading, which signifi- cantly decreased and regulated the magnitude and timing of ACL loading during in vivo landings. Clinical Relevance: Clinical training should focus on strategies that influence increased hamstrings activation during landing to reduce ACL loads.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Ueno, Ryo and Navacchia, Alessandro and Schilaty, Nathan D. and Myer, Gregory D. and Hewett, Timothy E. and Bates, Nathaniel A.},
 doi = {10.1177/23259671211034487},
 journal = {Orthop J Sports Med},
 number = {9}
}

Background: Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury reduction training has focused on lower body strengthening and landing stabilization. In vitro studies have shown that quadriceps forces increase ACL strain, and hamstring forces decrease ACL strain. However, the magnitude of the effect of the quadriceps and hamstrings forces on ACL loading and its timing during in vivo landings remains unclear. Purpose: To investigate the effect and timing of knee muscle forces on ACL loading during landing. Study Design: Descriptive laboratory study. Methods: A total of 13 young female athletes performed drop vertical jump trials, and their movements were recorded with 3-dimensional motion capture. Lower limb joint motion and muscle forces were estimated with OpenSim and applied to a mus- culoskeletal finite element (FE) model to estimate ACL loading during landings. The FE simulations were performed with 5 different conditions that included/excluded kinematics, ground-reaction force (GRF), and muscle forces. Results: Simulation of landing kinematics without GRF or muscle forces yielded an estimated median ACL strain and force of 5.1% and 282.6 N. Addition of GRF to kinematic simulations increased ACL strain and force to 6.8% and 418.4 N (P < .05). Addition of quadriceps force to kinematics þ GRF simulations nonsignificantly increased ACL strain and force to 7.2% and 478.5 N. Addition of hamstrings force to kinematics þGRF simulations decreased ACL strain and force to 2.6% and 171.4 N (P< .001). Addition of all muscles to kinematics þ GRF simulations decreased ACL strain and force to 3.3% and 195.1 N (P < .001). With hamstrings force, ACL loading decreased from initial contact (time of peak: 1-18 milliseconds) while ACL loading without hamstrings force peaked at 47 to 98 milliseconds after initial contact (P ¼ .024-.001). The knee flexion angle increased from 20.9? to 73.1? within 100 milli- seconds after initial contact. Conclusion: Hamstrings activation had greater effect relative to GRF and quadriceps activation on ACL loading, which signifi- cantly decreased and regulated the magnitude and timing of ACL loading during in vivo landings. Clinical Relevance: Clinical training should focus on strategies that influence increased hamstrings activation during landing to reduce ACL loads.

@article{
 title = {Effects of Sex and Age on Quadriceps and Hamstring Strength and Flexibility in High School Basketball Athletes},
 type = {article},
 year = {2021},
 keywords = {001c,10,26603,27986,age,doi,hamstring,high school basketball athletes,https,org,risk factors,sex},
 pages = {1302-1312},
 volume = {16},
 id = {9791bbbd-77f0-3e63-942c-29482412d3c9},
 created = {2021-10-01T17:01:30.714Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {b39eb9f3-933a-3c2c-af6f-c65b69510b13},
 last_modified = {2021-10-26T15:02:25.425Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {true},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 private_publication = {false},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Nagai, Takashi and Bates, Nathaniel and Mcpherson, April and Hale, Rena and Hewett, Timothy and Schilaty, Nathan D},
 journal = {Int J Sport Phys Ther},
 number = {5}
}

@article{
 title = {Diminished neuromuscular system adaptability following anterior cruciate ligament injury: Examination of knee muscle force variability and complexity},
 type = {article},
 year = {2021},
 keywords = {fractal},
 pages = {105513},
 volume = {16},
 id = {6ed2b80f-8c9d-3814-b277-cdb8898baaf1},
 created = {2021-10-26T15:02:25.022Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {b39eb9f3-933a-3c2c-af6f-c65b69510b13},
 last_modified = {2021-11-21T02:52:55.499Z},
 read = {true},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {true},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {Background: Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries impair knee extensor and flexor force generation and may alter force variability. Fractal scaling exponents quantify signal complexity and reflect neuromuscular system adaptability. The purpose of this study was to evaluate force variability magnitudes and fractal scaling exponents in persons with ACL injuries. Methods: Twenty-four individuals with ACL injury (time from injury: 55 ± 66 days) and 25 uninjured controls completed 10-s isometric knee extension and flexion contractions on a dynamometer at 10%, 25%, 35%, and 50% of peak force. The middle 8-s of data were used to calculate coefficients of variation and fractal exponents. Injured and non-injured limbs as well as dominant and non-dominant limbs in the control group were compared with ANOVA (P < 0.05). Findings: Peak knee extensor and flexor forces were 19% and 10% lower in the injured limb of ACL-deficient participants (P = 0.014 and P = 0.036, respectively). Fractal scaling exponents of knee extensor force signals at 25% and 35% peak force in injured limbs were higher than in non-injured limbs (P = 0.008 and P = 0.027, respectively). The fractal scaling exponent of knee extensor force signals was greater in injured limbs of ACL- deficient participants than in dominant limbs of the control group at 35% peak force (P = 0.046). The magni- tude of variability did not differ between limbs in ACL-deficient participants or between the injured and control groups. Interpretation: Altered fractal exponents in knee extensor force signals represent sensorimotor and neuromuscular system deficits in individuals with ACL injury. Overall, fractal analysis identified both between-limb and between-group differences. 1.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Hollman, JH and Nagai, T and Bates, NA and McPherson, AL and Schilaty, ND},
 doi = {10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2021.105513},
 journal = {Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon).},
 number = {90}
}

Background: Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries impair knee extensor and flexor force generation and may alter force variability. Fractal scaling exponents quantify signal complexity and reflect neuromuscular system adaptability. The purpose of this study was to evaluate force variability magnitudes and fractal scaling exponents in persons with ACL injuries. Methods: Twenty-four individuals with ACL injury (time from injury: 55 ± 66 days) and 25 uninjured controls completed 10-s isometric knee extension and flexion contractions on a dynamometer at 10%, 25%, 35%, and 50% of peak force. The middle 8-s of data were used to calculate coefficients of variation and fractal exponents. Injured and non-injured limbs as well as dominant and non-dominant limbs in the control group were compared with ANOVA (P < 0.05). Findings: Peak knee extensor and flexor forces were 19% and 10% lower in the injured limb of ACL-deficient participants (P = 0.014 and P = 0.036, respectively). Fractal scaling exponents of knee extensor force signals at 25% and 35% peak force in injured limbs were higher than in non-injured limbs (P = 0.008 and P = 0.027, respectively). The fractal scaling exponent of knee extensor force signals was greater in injured limbs of ACL- deficient participants than in dominant limbs of the control group at 35% peak force (P = 0.046). The magni- tude of variability did not differ between limbs in ACL-deficient participants or between the injured and control groups. Interpretation: Altered fractal exponents in knee extensor force signals represent sensorimotor and neuromuscular system deficits in individuals with ACL injury. Overall, fractal analysis identified both between-limb and between-group differences. 1.

@article{
 title = {Hip Muscle Inhibition after Hip Arthroscopy: A Role for Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation},
 type = {article},
 year = {2020},
 pages = {1222-1228},
 volume = {15},
 id = {4cfe5b92-8c30-36a5-a697-d1b2764b3d03},
 created = {2019-03-25T16:14:51.028Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {b39eb9f3-933a-3c2c-af6f-c65b69510b13},
 last_modified = {2023-09-25T19:25:15.339Z},
 read = {true},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {true},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 private_publication = {false},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Mumbleau, Allison M. and Schilaty, Nathan D. and Hewett, Timothy E.},
 doi = {10.26603/ijspt20201222},
 journal = {Int J Sport Phys Ther},
 number = {6},
 keywords = {NMES,gluteal}
}

@article{
 title = {Hop tests can result in higher limb symmetry index values than isokinetic strength and leg press tests in patients following ACL reconstruction},
 type = {article},
 year = {2020},
 keywords = {AMI,LSI,hop,isokinetic},
 pages = {816-822},
 volume = {28},
 websites = {http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s00167-019-05513-3},
 publisher = {Springer Berlin Heidelberg},
 id = {1937552e-0924-3b5b-a908-02249c8aee74},
 created = {2019-04-26T15:17:01.473Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {b39eb9f3-933a-3c2c-af6f-c65b69510b13},
 last_modified = {2023-12-04T22:00:21.522Z},
 read = {true},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {true},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 private_publication = {false},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Nagai, Takashi and Schilaty, Nathan D. and Laskowski, Edward R. and Hewett, Timothy E.},
 doi = {10.1007/s00167-019-05513-3},
 journal = {Knee Surgery, Sports Traumatology, Arthroscopy},
 number = {3}
}

@article{
 title = {Prospective frontal plane angles used to predict ACL strain and identify those at high risk for sports-related ACL injury},
 type = {article},
 year = {2020},
 pages = {2325967120957646},
 volume = {8},
 id = {a3a9a9b7-4e6b-32e1-b121-fc6deb543243},
 created = {2019-08-21T17:12:04.267Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {b39eb9f3-933a-3c2c-af6f-c65b69510b13},
 last_modified = {2024-05-30T16:25:28.598Z},
 read = {true},
 starred = {true},
 authored = {true},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {Background: Knee abduction moment during landing has been associated with anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury. However, accurately capturing this measurement is expensive and technically rigorous. Less complex variables that lend themselves to easier clinical integration are desirable. Purpose: To corroborate in vitro cadaveric simulation and in vivo knee abduction angles from landing tasks to allow for estimation of ACL strain in live participants during a landing task. Study Design: Descriptive laboratory study. Methods: A total of 205 female high school athletes previously underwent prospective 3-dimensional motion analysis and sub- sequent injury tracking. Differences in knee abduction angle between those who went on to develop ACL injury and healthy controls were assessed using Student t tests and receiver operating characteristic analysis. A total of 11 cadaveric specimens underwent mechanical impact simulation while instrumented to record ACL strain and knee abduction angle. Pearson correlation coefficients were calculated between these variables. The resultant linear regression model was used to estimate ACL strain in the 205 high school athletes based on their knee abduction angles. Results: Knee abduction angle was greater for athletes who went on to develop injury than for healthy controls (P < .01). Knee abduction angle at initial contact predicted ACL injury status with 78% sensitivity and 83% specificity, with a threshold of 4.6? of knee abduction. ACL strain was significantly correlated with knee abduction angle during cadaveric simulation (P < .01). Sub- sequent estimates of peak ACL strain in the high school athletes were greater for those who went on to injury (7.7-8.1% ± 1.5%) than for healthy controls (4.1-4.5% ± 3.6%) (P < .01). Conclusion: Knee abduction angle exhibited comparable reliability with knee abduction moment for ACL injury risk identification. Cadaveric simulation data can be extrapolated to estimate in vivo ACL strain. Athletes who went on to ACL injury exhibited greater knee abduction and greater ACL strain than did healthy controls during landing. Clinical Relevance: These important associations between the in vivo and cadaveric environments allow clinicians to estimate peak ACL strain from observed knee abduction angles. Neuromuscular control of knee abduction angle during dynamic tasks is imperative for knee joint health. The present associations are an important step toward the establishment of a minimal clinically important difference value for ACL strain during landing.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Bates, Nathaniel A. and Myer, Gregory D. and Hale, Rena F. and Schilaty, Nathan D. and Hewett, Timothy E.},
 doi = {10.1177/2325967120957646},
 journal = {Orthop J Sports Med},
 number = {10},
 keywords = {KAM,ROC,angles,kinematics}
}

Background: Knee abduction moment during landing has been associated with anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury. However, accurately capturing this measurement is expensive and technically rigorous. Less complex variables that lend themselves to easier clinical integration are desirable. Purpose: To corroborate in vitro cadaveric simulation and in vivo knee abduction angles from landing tasks to allow for estimation of ACL strain in live participants during a landing task. Study Design: Descriptive laboratory study. Methods: A total of 205 female high school athletes previously underwent prospective 3-dimensional motion analysis and sub- sequent injury tracking. Differences in knee abduction angle between those who went on to develop ACL injury and healthy controls were assessed using Student t tests and receiver operating characteristic analysis. A total of 11 cadaveric specimens underwent mechanical impact simulation while instrumented to record ACL strain and knee abduction angle. Pearson correlation coefficients were calculated between these variables. The resultant linear regression model was used to estimate ACL strain in the 205 high school athletes based on their knee abduction angles. Results: Knee abduction angle was greater for athletes who went on to develop injury than for healthy controls (P < .01). Knee abduction angle at initial contact predicted ACL injury status with 78% sensitivity and 83% specificity, with a threshold of 4.6? of knee abduction. ACL strain was significantly correlated with knee abduction angle during cadaveric simulation (P < .01). Sub- sequent estimates of peak ACL strain in the high school athletes were greater for those who went on to injury (7.7-8.1% ± 1.5%) than for healthy controls (4.1-4.5% ± 3.6%) (P < .01). Conclusion: Knee abduction angle exhibited comparable reliability with knee abduction moment for ACL injury risk identification. Cadaveric simulation data can be extrapolated to estimate in vivo ACL strain. Athletes who went on to ACL injury exhibited greater knee abduction and greater ACL strain than did healthy controls during landing. Clinical Relevance: These important associations between the in vivo and cadaveric environments allow clinicians to estimate peak ACL strain from observed knee abduction angles. Neuromuscular control of knee abduction angle during dynamic tasks is imperative for knee joint health. The present associations are an important step toward the establishment of a minimal clinically important difference value for ACL strain during landing.

@article{
 title = {Linear Discriminant Analysis Successfully Predicts Knee Injury Outcome from Biomechanical Variables},
 type = {article},
 year = {2020},
 pages = {2447-2455},
 volume = {48},
 id = {00045b0c-9687-364d-a878-956ddec41c39},
 created = {2019-09-03T21:18:55.128Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {b39eb9f3-933a-3c2c-af6f-c65b69510b13},
 last_modified = {2024-05-28T21:34:48.531Z},
 read = {true},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {true},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 private_publication = {false},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Schilaty, Nathan D. and Bates, Nathaniel A. and Kruisselbrink, Sydney and Krych, Aaron J. and Hewett, Timothy E.},
 doi = {10.1177/0363546520939946},
 journal = {Am J Sports Med},
 number = {10}
}

@article{
 title = {Timing of Strain Response of the ACL and MCL Relative to Impulse Delivery during Simulated Landings Leading Up to Failure},
 type = {article},
 year = {2020},
 pages = {148-155},
 volume = {36},
 websites = {https://journals.humankinetics.com/view/journals/jab/aop/article-10.1123-jab.2019-0308/article-10.1123-jab.2019-0308.xml},
 id = {fcf8514b-ae07-38fa-9f28-934aea0a4861},
 created = {2019-11-13T17:01:11.352Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {b39eb9f3-933a-3c2c-af6f-c65b69510b13},
 last_modified = {2024-05-26T12:27:43.146Z},
 read = {true},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {true},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 private_publication = {false},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Bates, Nathaniel A. and Schilaty, Nathan D. and Ueno, Ryo and Hewett, Timothy E.},
 doi = {10.1123-jab.2019-0308},
 journal = {J Appl Biomech},
 number = {3}
}

@article{
 title = {Investigation of Primary and Second Anterior Cruciate Ligament Tears Using a Geographic Database},
 type = {article},
 year = {2020},
 pages = {1-10},
 volume = {15},
 id = {e353c940-0e9c-3a50-91e2-8433fd11afad},
 created = {2019-12-20T20:35:32.680Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {b39eb9f3-933a-3c2c-af6f-c65b69510b13},
 last_modified = {2021-04-29T22:00:15.388Z},
 read = {true},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {true},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 private_publication = {false},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {McMurray, Nathan S. and Bates, Nathaniel A. and Fischer, Samuel and Schilaty, Nathan D. and Hewett, Timothy E.},
 doi = {10.26603/ijspt202001},
 journal = {Int J Sport Phys Ther},
 number = {4},
 keywords = {ACL,epidemiology}
}

@article{
 title = {Analysis of Internal Knee Forces Allows for Prediction of Rupture Events in a Clinically Relevant Model of Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury},
 type = {article},
 year = {2020},
 keywords = {acl,anterior cruciate ligament,can return to sports,injuries are common in,injury mechanism,landing,lengthy rehabilitation before athletes,principal component analysis,sports and may require,surgical reconstruction,with a},
 pages = {1-13},
 volume = {8},
 id = {907c88e8-5818-3122-ac1d-b7c4a23c2e84},
 created = {2020-01-13T15:42:31.818Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {b39eb9f3-933a-3c2c-af6f-c65b69510b13},
 last_modified = {2020-07-07T16:33:21.874Z},
 read = {true},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {true},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 private_publication = {false},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Ueno, Ryo and Navacchia, Alessandro and Bates, Nathaniel A. and Schilaty, Nathan D. and Krych, Aaron J. and Hewett, Timothy E.},
 doi = {10.1177/2325967119893758},
 journal = {Orthopaedic journal of sports medicine},
 number = {1}
}

@article{
 title = {Sex Differences in Ultrasound-Based Muscle Size and Mechanical Properties of the Cervical-Flexor and -Extensor Muscles},
 type = {article},
 year = {2020},
 keywords = {cervical,ultrasound},
 pages = {282-288},
 volume = {55},
 id = {2674445e-2fb2-3c68-a834-bd73d3fc33c8},
 created = {2020-01-23T16:00:55.729Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {b39eb9f3-933a-3c2c-af6f-c65b69510b13},
 last_modified = {2020-10-21T17:41:58.569Z},
 read = {true},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {true},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 private_publication = {false},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Nagai, Takashi and Schilaty, Nathan D. and Krause, David A. and Crowley, Eric M. and Hewett, Timothy E.},
 doi = {10.4085/1062-6050-48.6.03},
 journal = {J Athl Train},
 number = {3}
}

@article{
 title = {Effect of a Concussion on Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury Risk in a General Population},
 type = {article},
 year = {2020},
 pages = {1203-1210},
 volume = {50},
 websites = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-020-01262-3},
 publisher = {Springer International Publishing},
 id = {e966817d-f273-3f8b-bcbf-68c7d71c94be},
 created = {2020-01-23T16:00:55.729Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {b39eb9f3-933a-3c2c-af6f-c65b69510b13},
 last_modified = {2024-05-16T11:23:20.456Z},
 read = {true},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {true},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 private_publication = {false},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {McPherson, April L and Shirley, Matthew B and Schilaty, Nathan D and Larson, Dirk R and Hewett, Timothy E},
 doi = {10.1007/s40279-020-01262-3},
 journal = {Sports Medicine},
 number = {6}
}

@article{
 title = {High school male basketball athletes exhibit greater hamstring muscle stiffness than females as assessed with shear wave elastography},
 type = {article},
 year = {2020},
 keywords = {Musculoskeletal ultrasound,Sex differences,Skeleta,biomechanics,musculoskeletal ultrasound,sex differences,shear wave elastography,skeletal muscle},
 pages = {1231-1237},
 volume = {49},
 websites = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32123955},
 publisher = {Skeletal Radiology},
 id = {eb60040f-4e22-3b37-9aa4-e9ad6475b95b},
 created = {2020-03-09T13:53:57.972Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {b39eb9f3-933a-3c2c-af6f-c65b69510b13},
 last_modified = {2022-01-12T18:21:05.731Z},
 read = {true},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {true},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to characterize lower extremity passive muscle stiffness in a young, healthy, athletic population. It was hypothesized that males would exhibit greater stiffness than females and that hamstring stiffness would increase with increased passive hamstring stretch. METHODS Male (n = 52, age 16.0 ± 1.3 years, height 180.3 ± 7.9 cm, weight 73.1 ± 11.8 kg) and female (n = 89, age 15.6 ± 1.3 years, height 169.7 ± 8.1 cm, weight 65.2 ± 13.2 kg) high school basketball athletes were recruited for this study. Shear wave elastography (SWE) was used to measure shear wave velocity (m/s) of the biceps femoris muscle at three leg positions (40%, 60%, and 80%) of the maximum passive 90-90 straight-leg raise position for each leg. Hamstring stiffness (kPa) was quantified from the SWE elastogram using custom processing software. RESULTS Hamstring stiffness was significantly greater for males than females at every position on both the dominant and non-dominant limbs (p < 0.05). Hamstring stiffness was greater on the non-dominant limb than the dominant for females at the 40% position. Stiffness at 60% was greater than stiffness at 40% for males on both the dominant and non-dominant limbs. However, stiffness at 60% was greater than stiffness at 80% on the male non-dominant limb. Females demonstrated higher stiffness at 40% than both 60% and 80% for the dominant and non-dominant limbs. CONCLUSION Healthy male basketball players had higher hamstring muscle stiffness than female players. Future studies may investigate what factors contribute to the large variability observed in muscle stiffness, resulting in mixed results on the effects of leg dominance and stretching positions.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {McPherson, April L and Nagai, Takashi and Schilaty, Nathan D and Hale, Rena and Hewett, Timothy E and Bates, Nathaniel A},
 doi = {10.1007/s00256-020-03397-w},
 journal = {Skeletal radiology},
 number = {8}
}

OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to characterize lower extremity passive muscle stiffness in a young, healthy, athletic population. It was hypothesized that males would exhibit greater stiffness than females and that hamstring stiffness would increase with increased passive hamstring stretch. METHODS Male (n = 52, age 16.0 ± 1.3 years, height 180.3 ± 7.9 cm, weight 73.1 ± 11.8 kg) and female (n = 89, age 15.6 ± 1.3 years, height 169.7 ± 8.1 cm, weight 65.2 ± 13.2 kg) high school basketball athletes were recruited for this study. Shear wave elastography (SWE) was used to measure shear wave velocity (m/s) of the biceps femoris muscle at three leg positions (40%, 60%, and 80%) of the maximum passive 90-90 straight-leg raise position for each leg. Hamstring stiffness (kPa) was quantified from the SWE elastogram using custom processing software. RESULTS Hamstring stiffness was significantly greater for males than females at every position on both the dominant and non-dominant limbs (p < 0.05). Hamstring stiffness was greater on the non-dominant limb than the dominant for females at the 40% position. Stiffness at 60% was greater than stiffness at 40% for males on both the dominant and non-dominant limbs. However, stiffness at 60% was greater than stiffness at 80% on the male non-dominant limb. Females demonstrated higher stiffness at 40% than both 60% and 80% for the dominant and non-dominant limbs. CONCLUSION Healthy male basketball players had higher hamstring muscle stiffness than female players. Future studies may investigate what factors contribute to the large variability observed in muscle stiffness, resulting in mixed results on the effects of leg dominance and stretching positions.

@article{
 title = {Analysis of Timing of Secondary ACL Injury in Professional Athletes does not Support Game Timing or Season Timing as a Contributor to Injury Risk},
 type = {article},
 year = {2020},
 keywords = {ACL,fatigue,injury,second,sport},
 pages = {254-262},
 volume = {15},
 id = {c2c2106a-1a83-3d68-b445-d78602c69ab7},
 created = {2020-04-07T18:21:50.393Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {b39eb9f3-933a-3c2c-af6f-c65b69510b13},
 last_modified = {2020-04-08T20:49:41.929Z},
 read = {true},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {true},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 private_publication = {false},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Zhou, Jun and Schilaty, Nathan D and Hewett, Timothy E and Bates, Nathaniel A},
 doi = {10.26603/ijspt20200254},
 journal = {Int J Sport Phys Ther},
 number = {2}
}

@article{
 title = {Thigh musculature stiffness during active muscle contraction after anterior cruciate ligament injury},
 type = {article},
 year = {2020},
 keywords = {SWE,dEMG},
 pages = {320},
 volume = {21},
 publisher = {BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders},
 id = {efffdbd8-8f6a-3f11-a30a-175dd1332eb3},
 created = {2020-05-22T14:18:14.507Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {b39eb9f3-933a-3c2c-af6f-c65b69510b13},
 last_modified = {2020-07-07T15:02:55.333Z},
 read = {true},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {true},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 private_publication = {false},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {McPherson, April L and Bates, Nathaniel A and Haider, Clifton R and Nagai, Takashi and Hewett, Timothy E and Schilaty, Nathan D},
 doi = {10.1186/s12891-020-03342-x},
 journal = {BMC Musculoskelet Disord}
}

@article{
 title = {Sex differences in passive and active stiffness of the knee flexor muscles during dynamic perturbation test : principal component analysis},
 type = {article},
 year = {2020},
 keywords = {PCA,hvTTDPM},
 pages = {293-299},
 volume = {37},
 websites = {https://doi.org/10.1080/08990220.2020.1824905},
 publisher = {Taylor & Francis},
 id = {c531cbbb-7770-37b2-ae6c-8f80d68d4c8c},
 created = {2020-09-23T18:41:55.680Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {b39eb9f3-933a-3c2c-af6f-c65b69510b13},
 last_modified = {2022-02-08T15:05:49.564Z},
 read = {true},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {true},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 private_publication = {false},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Ueno, Ryo and Nagai, Takashi and Bates, Nathaniel A and Hewett, Timothy E and Schilaty, Nathan D},
 doi = {10.1080/08990220.2020.1824905},
 journal = {Somatosensory & Motor Research},
 number = {4}
}

@article{
 title = {Inter and Intra-Rater Reliability of the Drop Vertical Jump (DVJ) Assessment},
 type = {article},
 year = {2020},
 pages = {770-775},
 volume = {15},
 id = {006b8334-1720-3fdf-b8c4-09ddc1a54b7c},
 created = {2020-09-29T14:41:34.539Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {b39eb9f3-933a-3c2c-af6f-c65b69510b13},
 last_modified = {2020-11-13T22:37:24.492Z},
 read = {true},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {true},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 private_publication = {false},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Beyer, Emily B. and Hale, Rena F. and Hellem, Aaron R. and Mumbleau, Allison M. and Schilaty, Nathan D. and Hewett, Timothy E.},
 doi = {10.26603/ijspt202001},
 journal = {Int J Sport Phys Ther},
 number = {5}
}

@article{
 title = {Multidirectional Neck Strength Characteristics in High School Football Athletes with and without History of Sports-Related Concussion},
 type = {article},
 year = {2020},
 keywords = {high school football players,sports-related concussion},
 pages = {1167},
 volume = {7},
 id = {1f1a05bd-6afd-3a85-92bb-6d4d1e550e84},
 created = {2020-11-12T16:31:16.095Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {b39eb9f3-933a-3c2c-af6f-c65b69510b13},
 last_modified = {2021-04-29T22:00:23.986Z},
 read = {true},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {true},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 private_publication = {false},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Nagai, Takashi and Ueno, Ryo and Rigamonti, Luca and Bates, Nathaniel A. and Krause, David A. and Crowley, Eric M. and Stuart, Michael J. and Schilaty, Nathan D.},
 journal = {Ann Sports Med Res},
 number = {6}
}

@article{
 title = {Spontaneous Formation of Melanin from Dopamine in the Presence of Iron},
 type = {article},
 year = {2020},
 pages = {1-16},
 volume = {9},
 id = {0b03b76c-ca2a-34f1-ba30-89feef142a9a},
 created = {2020-12-16T21:27:49.788Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {b39eb9f3-933a-3c2c-af6f-c65b69510b13},
 last_modified = {2020-12-31T15:29:15.119Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {true},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 private_publication = {false},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Hedges, David M and Yorgason, Jordan T and Perez, Andrew W and Schilaty, Nathan D and Williams, Benjamin M and Watt, Richard K and Ste, Scott C},
 doi = {10.3390/antiox9121285},
 journal = {Antioxidants},
 number = {1285}
}

@article{
 title = {McArdle sign: a specific sign of multiple sclerosis},
 type = {article},
 year = {2019},
 pages = {1427-1435},
 volume = {94},
 websites = {https://www.mayoclinicproceedings.org/article/S0025-6196(19)30219-8/fulltext},
 id = {0cace5a3-7d43-30ae-a207-60c8bfbd2919},
 created = {2018-05-11T22:19:33.493Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {b39eb9f3-933a-3c2c-af6f-c65b69510b13},
 last_modified = {2020-03-19T18:03:27.151Z},
 read = {true},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {true},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 private_publication = {false},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Savoldi, Filippo and Nasr, Zahra and Hu, Wei and Schilaty, Nathan D. and Delgado, Adriana M. and Mandrekar, Jay and Kaufman, Kenton R. and Berglund, Lawrence and Weinshenker, Brian},
 doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mayocp.2019.01.047},
 journal = {Mayo Clinic Proc.},
 number = {8}
}

@article{
 title = {Frontal Plane Medial Collateral Ligament Strain Characteristics Concurrent to Anterior Cruciate Ligament Failure},
 type = {article},
 year = {2019},
 pages = {2143-2150},
 volume = {47},
 id = {0f007947-07b0-30aa-860b-9c516119d689},
 created = {2018-11-16T17:40:58.329Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {b39eb9f3-933a-3c2c-af6f-c65b69510b13},
 last_modified = {2023-11-02T13:48:10.514Z},
 read = {true},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {true},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 private_publication = {false},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Schilaty, Nathan D. and Bates, Nathaniel A. and Krych, Aaron J. and Hewett, Timothy E.},
 journal = {Am J Sports Med},
 number = {9},
 keywords = {impactor}
}

@article{
 title = {Knee abduction and internal rotation moments increase ACL force during landing through the posterior slope of the tibia},
 type = {article},
 year = {2019},
 pages = {1730-1742},
 volume = {37},
 id = {00e5d444-c4b5-30dd-91d9-41fe11874bc0},
 created = {2018-12-13T22:27:06.917Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {b39eb9f3-933a-3c2c-af6f-c65b69510b13},
 last_modified = {2024-06-10T14:32:24.929Z},
 read = {true},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {true},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 private_publication = {false},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Navacchia, Alessandro and Bates, Nathaniel A. and Schilaty, Nathan D. and Krych, Aaron J. and Hewett, Timothy E.},
 journal = {J Orthop Res},
 number = {8}
}

@article{
 title = {Paradoxical Relationship in Sensorimotor System: Knee Joint Position Sense Absolute Error and Joint Stiffness Measures},
 type = {article},
 year = {2019},
 pages = {34-37},
 volume = {67},
 id = {f03636de-9738-3a2b-bf5e-f76a17ed47a7},
 created = {2019-03-12T16:52:14.002Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {b39eb9f3-933a-3c2c-af6f-c65b69510b13},
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 author = {Nagai, Takashi and Bates, Nathaniel A. and Hewett, Timothy E. and Schilaty, Nathan D.},
 journal = {Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon)}
}

@article{
 title = {Multiplanar loading of the knee and its influence on ACL and MCL strain during simulated landings and noncontact tears},
 type = {article},
 year = {2019},
 pages = {1844-1853},
 volume = {47},
 id = {6431c537-23e5-382b-b444-0858cf434c93},
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 author = {Bates, Nathaniel A. and Schilaty, Nathan D. and Nagelli, Christopher V. and Krych, Aaron J. and Hewett, Timothy E.},
 journal = {Am J Sports Med},
 number = {8}
}

@article{
 title = {Review of Shoulder Range of Motion in the Throwing Athlete: Distinguishing Normal Adaptations from Pathologic Deficits},
 type = {article},
 year = {2019},
 pages = {346-355},
 volume = {12},
 websites = {https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs12178-019-09563-5},
 id = {8ae7e45f-1116-3462-b814-b1397a56b59e},
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 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Hellem, Aaron and Shirley, Matthew and Schilaty, Nathan D. and Dahm, Diane L.},
 doi = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s12178-019-09563-5},
 journal = {Curr Rev Musculoskelet Med},
 number = {3}
}

@article{
 title = {Influence of relative injury risk profiles on anterior cruciate ligament and medial collateral ligament strain during simulated landing leading to a noncontact injury event},
 type = {article},
 year = {2019},
 pages = {44-51},
 volume = {69},
 websites = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S026800331831026X},
 publisher = {Elsevier},
 id = {1e3eab47-8c64-3c03-8735-bcda5538d1db},
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 read = {true},
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 authored = {true},
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 hidden = {false},
 private_publication = {false},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Bates, Nathaniel A. and Schilaty, Nathan D. and Krych, Aaron J. and Hewett, Timothy E.},
 doi = {10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2019.06.018},
 journal = {Clinical Biomechanics},
 number = {October}
}

@article{
 title = {Variation in ACL and MCL Strain Before Initial Contact is Dependent on Injury Risk Level during Simulated Landings},
 type = {article},
 year = {2019},
 pages = {1-9},
 volume = {7},
 id = {dee92d39-e6ac-3d21-ae4b-566af6bc4902},
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 read = {true},
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 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Bates, Nathaniel A. and Schilaty, Nathan D. and Krych, Aaron J. and Hewett, Timothy E.},
 doi = {10.1177/2325967119884906},
 journal = {Orthop J Sports Med},
 number = {11}
}

@article{
 title = {Time of Season and Game Segment Is Not Related to Likelihood of Lower-Limb Injuries: A Meta-Analysis},
 type = {article},
 year = {2019},
 keywords = {epidemiology,injury prevention,sports injury},
 pages = {(online ahead of print)},
 id = {aaf54de0-fb10-3776-9ae4-f2649bf77a3e},
 created = {2019-08-15T14:04:04.186Z},
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 read = {true},
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 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Doyle, Tim L A and Schilaty, Nathan D and Webster, Kate E and Hewett, Timothy E},
 doi = {10.1097/JSM.0000000000000752},
 journal = {Clin J Sport Med}
}

@article{
 title = {Towards Estimation of Three-Dimensional Knee Rotations},
 type = {article},
 year = {2019},
 pages = {1359-1363},
 id = {eff60e0e-6035-3619-bb99-cce192728e7f},
 created = {2019-12-13T18:13:14.024Z},
 file_attached = {true},
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 last_modified = {2020-04-13T19:00:29.991Z},
 read = {true},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {true},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 private_publication = {false},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {McPherson, April L. and Felton, Christopher L. and Hale, Rena F. and Gilbert, Barry K. and Schilaty, Nathan D. and Hewett, Timothy E. and Holmes, David R. and Haider, Clifton R.},
 journal = {IEEE},
 number = {53rd Asilomar Conference on Signals, Systems, and Computers, Pacific Grove, CA, USA, 2019}
}

@article{
 title = {Sex-Based Differences of Medial Collateral and Anterior Cruciate Ligament Strains with Cadaveric Impact Simulations},
 type = {article},
 year = {2018},
 pages = {1-8},
 volume = {6},
 id = {2f06622d-b0ef-3d3c-923e-1432cc4ec193},
 created = {2017-08-04T15:42:31.044Z},
 file_attached = {true},
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 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Schilaty, Nathan D. and Bates, Nathaniel A. and Nagelli, Christopher V. and Krych, Aaron J. and Hewett, Timothy E.},
 doi = {10.1177/2325967118765215},
 journal = {Orthop J Sports Med},
 number = {4},
 keywords = {impactor,sex differences}
}

@article{
 title = {Relative Dearth of 'Sex Differences' Research in Sports Medicine},
 type = {article},
 year = {2018},
 pages = {440-441},
 volume = {21},
 websites = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsams.2017.10.028},
 publisher = {Sports Medicine Australia},
 id = {52285ef4-70a1-36ac-9c05-0c04bdc1c081},
 created = {2017-12-13T14:43:07.420Z},
 file_attached = {true},
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 last_modified = {2018-11-20T16:21:17.756Z},
 read = {true},
 starred = {false},
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 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Schilaty, Nathan D. and Bates, Nathaniel A. and Hewett, Timothy E.},
 doi = {10.1016/j.jsams.2017.10.028},
 journal = {J Sci Med Sport},
 number = {5},
 keywords = {sex differences}
}

@article{
 title = {Sex-Based Differences in Knee Kinetics with Anterior Cruciate Ligament Strain on Cadaveric Impact Simulations},
 type = {article},
 year = {2018},
 pages = {1-7},
 volume = {6},
 id = {c12efac9-c678-3957-aa3a-66fe7a08ebf3},
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 read = {true},
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 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Schilaty, Nathan D. and Bates, Nathaniel A. and Nagelli, Christopher V. and Krych, Aaron J. and Hewett, Timothy E.},
 doi = {10.1177/2325967118761037},
 journal = {Orthop J Sports Med},
 number = {3},
 keywords = {impactor,sex differences}
}

@article{
 title = {Analysis of Lower Extremity Proprioception for Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury Prevention: Current Opinion},
 type = {article},
 year = {2018},
 pages = {1303-1309},
 volume = {48},
 websites = {http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s40279-018-0889-1},
 publisher = {Springer International Publishing},
 id = {0ecdb6eb-c824-3377-b493-c26fa8f34333},
 created = {2018-02-28T14:51:12.775Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {b39eb9f3-933a-3c2c-af6f-c65b69510b13},
 last_modified = {2024-05-30T16:32:56.199Z},
 read = {true},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {true},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 private_publication = {false},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Nagai, Takashi and Schilaty, Nathan D. and Strauss, Jeffrey D. and Crowley, Eric M. and Hewett, Timothy E.},
 doi = {10.1007/s40279-018-0889-1},
 journal = {Sports Medicine},
 number = {6}
}

@article{
 title = {Ligament Strain Response Between Lower Extremity Contralateral Pairs During In Vitro Landing Simulation},
 type = {article},
 year = {2018},
 keywords = {impactor},
 pages = {1-7},
 volume = {6},
 websites = {http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/2325967118765978},
 id = {b108ef03-06df-337f-a5f4-114f6e50dab3},
 created = {2018-04-17T20:43:59.574Z},
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 last_modified = {2018-11-20T16:21:17.760Z},
 read = {true},
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 authored = {true},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 private_publication = {false},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {McPherson, April L. and Bates, Nathanial A. and Schilaty, Nathan D. and Nagelli, Christopher V. and Krych, Aaron J. and Hewett, Timothy E.},
 doi = {10.1177/2325967118765978},
 journal = {Orthop J Sports Med},
 number = {4}
}

@article{
 title = {Effects of localized vibration on knee joint position sense in individuals with anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction},
 type = {article},
 year = {2018},
 keywords = {ACL,ACL-reconstruction,Joint position sense,Muscle spindles,Proprioception,Vibration},
 pages = {40-44},
 volume = {55},
 websites = {http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0268003318303280},
 publisher = {Elsevier},
 id = {f67fe2eb-3b65-30ee-b04f-c4997713ab0d},
 created = {2018-04-19T13:17:44.223Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {b39eb9f3-933a-3c2c-af6f-c65b69510b13},
 last_modified = {2018-04-19T13:17:48.229Z},
 read = {true},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {true},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 private_publication = {false},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Nagai, Takashi and Bates, Nathaniel A. and Hewett, Timothy E. and Schilaty, Nathan D.},
 doi = {10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2018.04.011},
 journal = {Clinical Biomechanics}
}

@article{
 title = {Validation of Noncontact Anterior Cruciate Ligament Tears Produced by a Mechanical Impact Simulator Against the Clinical Presentation of Injury},
 type = {article},
 year = {2018},
 keywords = {impactor},
 pages = {2113-2121},
 volume = {46},
 id = {e4ab781a-95eb-395e-9391-173400dbffd7},
 created = {2018-06-13T16:56:25.449Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {b39eb9f3-933a-3c2c-af6f-c65b69510b13},
 last_modified = {2024-05-30T16:25:31.919Z},
 read = {true},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {true},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 private_publication = {true},
 abstract = {© 2018, The Author(s). Background: Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries are catastrophic events that affect athletic careers and lead to long-term degenerative knee changes. As injuries are believed to occur within the first 50 milliseconds after initial contact during a rapid deceleration task, impact simulators that rapidly deliver impulse loads to cadaveric specimens have been developed. However, no impactor has reproducibly and reliably created ACL injures in a distribution that mimics clinical observation. Purpose: To better understand ACL injury patterns through a cadaveric investigation that applied in vivo–measured external loads to the knee during simulated landings. Study Design: Controlled laboratory study. Methods: A novel mechanical impact simulator reproduced kinetics from in vivo–recorded drop landing tasks on 45 cadaveric knees. Specimens were exposed to a randomized order of variable knee abduction moment, anterior tibial shear, and internal tibial rotation loads before the introduction of an impulse load at the foot. This process was repeated until a hard or soft tissue injury was induced on the joint. Injuries were assessed by an orthopaedic surgeon, and ligament strain was recorded by implanted strain gauges. Results: The mechanical impact simulator induced ACL injuries in 87% of specimens, with medial collateral ligament (MCL) injuries in 31%. ACL tear locations were 71% femoral side, 21% midsubstance, and 9% tibial side. Peak strain before failure for ACL-injured specimens was 15.3% ± 8.7% for the ACL and 5.1% ± 5.6% for the MCL (P < .001). Conclusion: The ACL injuries induced by the mechanical impact simulator in the present study have provided clinically relevant in vitro representations of in vivo ACL injury patterns as cited in the literature. Additionally, current ligament strains corroborate the literature to support disproportionate loading of the ACL relative to the MCL during athletic tasks. Clinical Relevance: These findings indicate that the mechanical impact simulator is an appropriate model for examining independent mechanical variables, treatment techniques, and preventive interventions during athletic tasks leading up to and including an ACL injury. Accordingly, this system can be utilized to further parse out contributing factors to an ACL injury as well as assess the shortcomings of ACL reconstruction techniques in a dynamic, simulated environment that is better representative of in vivo injury scenarios.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Bates, Nathaniel A. and Schilaty, Nathan D. and Nagelli, Christopher V. and Krych, Aaron J. and Hewett, Timothy E.},
 doi = {10.1177/0363546518776621},
 journal = {American Journal of Sports Medicine},
 number = {9}
}

© 2018, The Author(s). Background: Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries are catastrophic events that affect athletic careers and lead to long-term degenerative knee changes. As injuries are believed to occur within the first 50 milliseconds after initial contact during a rapid deceleration task, impact simulators that rapidly deliver impulse loads to cadaveric specimens have been developed. However, no impactor has reproducibly and reliably created ACL injures in a distribution that mimics clinical observation. Purpose: To better understand ACL injury patterns through a cadaveric investigation that applied in vivo–measured external loads to the knee during simulated landings. Study Design: Controlled laboratory study. Methods: A novel mechanical impact simulator reproduced kinetics from in vivo–recorded drop landing tasks on 45 cadaveric knees. Specimens were exposed to a randomized order of variable knee abduction moment, anterior tibial shear, and internal tibial rotation loads before the introduction of an impulse load at the foot. This process was repeated until a hard or soft tissue injury was induced on the joint. Injuries were assessed by an orthopaedic surgeon, and ligament strain was recorded by implanted strain gauges. Results: The mechanical impact simulator induced ACL injuries in 87% of specimens, with medial collateral ligament (MCL) injuries in 31%. ACL tear locations were 71% femoral side, 21% midsubstance, and 9% tibial side. Peak strain before failure for ACL-injured specimens was 15.3% ± 8.7% for the ACL and 5.1% ± 5.6% for the MCL (P < .001). Conclusion: The ACL injuries induced by the mechanical impact simulator in the present study have provided clinically relevant in vitro representations of in vivo ACL injury patterns as cited in the literature. Additionally, current ligament strains corroborate the literature to support disproportionate loading of the ACL relative to the MCL during athletic tasks. Clinical Relevance: These findings indicate that the mechanical impact simulator is an appropriate model for examining independent mechanical variables, treatment techniques, and preventive interventions during athletic tasks leading up to and including an ACL injury. Accordingly, this system can be utilized to further parse out contributing factors to an ACL injury as well as assess the shortcomings of ACL reconstruction techniques in a dynamic, simulated environment that is better representative of in vivo injury scenarios.

@article{
 title = {External loads associated with anterior cruciate ligament injuries increase the correlation between tibial slope and ligament strain during in vitro simulations of in vivo landings},
 type = {article},
 year = {2018},
 pages = {84-94},
 volume = {61},
 websites = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S026800331830977X},
 month = {11},
 publisher = {Elsevier},
 day = {24},
 id = {963e5523-37aa-396e-88e4-9498498ed35b},
 created = {2018-12-03T19:17:04.106Z},
 accessed = {2018-12-03},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {b39eb9f3-933a-3c2c-af6f-c65b69510b13},
 last_modified = {2024-09-23T16:35:30.471Z},
 read = {true},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {true},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {BACKGROUND The aim of the present study was to evaluate the relationship between tibial slope angle and ligament strain during in vitro landing simulations that induce ACL failure through the application of variable external loading at the knee. The hypothesis tested was that steeper posterior tibial slope angle would be associated with higher ACL strain during a simulated landing task across all external loading conditions. METHODS Kinetics previously derived from an in vivo cohort performing drop landings were reproduced on 45 cadaveric knees via the mechanical impact simulator. MRIs were taken of each specimen and used to calculate medial compartment posterior tibial slope, lateral compartment posterior tibial slope, and coronal plane tibial slope. Linear regression analyses were performed between these angles and ACL strain to determine whether tibial slope was a predictive factor for ACL strain. FINDINGS Medial and lateral posterior tibial slope were predictive factors for ACL strain during some landings with higher combined loads. Medial posterior slope was more predictive of ACL strain in most landings for male specimens, while lateral posterior and coronal slope were more predictive in female specimens, but primarily when high abduction moments were applied. INTERPRETATION Tibial slope has the potential to influence ACL strain during landing, especially when large abduction moments are present at the knee. Deleterious external loads to the ACL increase the correlation between tibial slope and ACL strain, which indicates that tibial slope angles are an additive factor for athletes apt to generate large out-of-plane knee moments during landing tasks.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Bates, Nathaniel A. and Mejia Jaramillo, Maria C. and Vargas, Manuela and McPherson, April L. and Schilaty, Nathan D. and Nagelli, Christopher V. and Krych, Aaron J. and Hewett, Timothy E.},
 doi = {10.1016/J.CLINBIOMECH.2018.11.010},
 journal = {Clinical Biomechanics}
}

BACKGROUND The aim of the present study was to evaluate the relationship between tibial slope angle and ligament strain during in vitro landing simulations that induce ACL failure through the application of variable external loading at the knee. The hypothesis tested was that steeper posterior tibial slope angle would be associated with higher ACL strain during a simulated landing task across all external loading conditions. METHODS Kinetics previously derived from an in vivo cohort performing drop landings were reproduced on 45 cadaveric knees via the mechanical impact simulator. MRIs were taken of each specimen and used to calculate medial compartment posterior tibial slope, lateral compartment posterior tibial slope, and coronal plane tibial slope. Linear regression analyses were performed between these angles and ACL strain to determine whether tibial slope was a predictive factor for ACL strain. FINDINGS Medial and lateral posterior tibial slope were predictive factors for ACL strain during some landings with higher combined loads. Medial posterior slope was more predictive of ACL strain in most landings for male specimens, while lateral posterior and coronal slope were more predictive in female specimens, but primarily when high abduction moments were applied. INTERPRETATION Tibial slope has the potential to influence ACL strain during landing, especially when large abduction moments are present at the knee. Deleterious external loads to the ACL increase the correlation between tibial slope and ACL strain, which indicates that tibial slope angles are an additive factor for athletes apt to generate large out-of-plane knee moments during landing tasks.

@article{
 title = {Letter to the Editor: Effect of sagittal plane mechanics on ACL strain during jump landing},
 type = {article},
 year = {2017},
 keywords = {L2E},
 pages = {1171-1172},
 volume = {35},
 id = {24bcfbda-165a-3d08-b072-191e1936a132},
 created = {2017-02-03T14:45:01.000Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {b39eb9f3-933a-3c2c-af6f-c65b69510b13},
 last_modified = {2017-06-15T12:55:32.653Z},
 read = {true},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {true},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {The relationships between non-contact anterior cruciate ligament injuries and the underlying biomechanics are still unclear, despite large quantities of academic research. The purpose of this research was to study anterior cruciate ligament strain during jump landing by investigating its correlation with sagittal plane kinetic/kinematic parameters and by creating an empirical model to estimate the maximum strain. Whole-body kinematics and ground reaction forces were measured from seven subjects performing single leg jump landing and were used to drive a musculoskeletal model that estimated lower limb muscle forces. These muscle forces and kinematics were then applied on five instrumented cadaver knees using a dynamic knee simulator system. Correlation analysis revealed that higher ground reaction force, lower hip flexion angle and higher hip extension moment among others were correlated with higher peak strain (p <.05). Multivariate regression analyses revealed that intrinsic anatomic factors account for most of the variance in strain. Among the extrinsic variables, hip and trunk flexion angles significantly contributed to the strain. The empirical relationship developed in this study could be used to predict the relative strain between jumps of a participant and may be beneficial in developing training programs designed to reduce an athlete's risk of injury},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Schilaty, Nathan D. and Bates, Nathaniel A. and Hewett, Timothy E.},
 doi = {10.1002/jor.23523},
 journal = {Journal of Orthopaedic Research},
 number = {6}
}

The relationships between non-contact anterior cruciate ligament injuries and the underlying biomechanics are still unclear, despite large quantities of academic research. The purpose of this research was to study anterior cruciate ligament strain during jump landing by investigating its correlation with sagittal plane kinetic/kinematic parameters and by creating an empirical model to estimate the maximum strain. Whole-body kinematics and ground reaction forces were measured from seven subjects performing single leg jump landing and were used to drive a musculoskeletal model that estimated lower limb muscle forces. These muscle forces and kinematics were then applied on five instrumented cadaver knees using a dynamic knee simulator system. Correlation analysis revealed that higher ground reaction force, lower hip flexion angle and higher hip extension moment among others were correlated with higher peak strain (p <.05). Multivariate regression analyses revealed that intrinsic anatomic factors account for most of the variance in strain. Among the extrinsic variables, hip and trunk flexion angles significantly contributed to the strain. The empirical relationship developed in this study could be used to predict the relative strain between jumps of a participant and may be beneficial in developing training programs designed to reduce an athlete's risk of injury

@article{
 title = {Incidence of Second Anterior Cruciate Ligament Tears (1990 - 2000) and Associate Factors by Geographic Locale},
 type = {article},
 year = {2017},
 pages = {1567-1573},
 volume = {45},
 id = {ba83ea78-e6b0-3da8-85ed-e07d81fb8801},
 created = {2017-02-13T21:11:04.000Z},
 file_attached = {true},
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 read = {true},
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 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Schilaty, Nathan D. and Bates, Nathaniel A. and Sanders, T. L. and Krych, Aaron J. and Stuart, Michael J. and Hewett, Timothy E.},
 doi = {10.1177/0363546517694026},
 journal = {Am J Sports Med},
 number = {7},
 keywords = {REP,epidemiology}
}

@article{
 title = {How Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury was Averted During Knee Collapse in a NBA Point Guard},
 type = {article},
 year = {2017},
 pages = {008-012},
 volume = {1},
 id = {685374a9-0e96-307c-b46d-a75675dfbd5d},
 created = {2017-03-07T16:13:08.000Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {b39eb9f3-933a-3c2c-af6f-c65b69510b13},
 last_modified = {2017-03-24T23:27:57.496Z},
 read = {true},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {true},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 private_publication = {false},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Schilaty, Nathan D. and Bates, Nathaniel A. and Krych, Aaron J. and Hewett, Timothy E.},
 journal = {Ann Musculoskelet Med},
 number = {1}
}

@article{
 title = {Novel mechanical impact simulator designed to generate clinically relevant anterior cruciate ligament ruptures},
 type = {article},
 year = {2017},
 keywords = {impactor},
 pages = {36-44},
 volume = {44},
 websites = {http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0268003317300700},
 publisher = {Elsevier Ltd},
 id = {a63dd50d-0cbe-3187-9d6d-c2016ea73d1d},
 created = {2017-03-17T20:13:18.000Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {b39eb9f3-933a-3c2c-af6f-c65b69510b13},
 last_modified = {2018-11-20T16:21:17.768Z},
 read = {true},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {true},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 private_publication = {false},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Bates, Nathaniel A. and Schilaty, Nathan D. and Nagelli, Christopher V. and Krych, Aaron J. and Hewett, Timothy E.},
 doi = {10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2017.03.005},
 journal = {Clinical Biomechanics}
}

@article{
 title = {Incidence of Second Anterior Cruciate Ligament Tears and Identification of Associated Risk Factors From 2001 to 2010 Using a Geographic Database},
 type = {article},
 year = {2017},
 keywords = {REP,epidemiology},
 pages = {1-8},
 volume = {5},
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 author = {Schilaty, Nathan D. and Nagelli, Christopher V. and Bates, Nathaniel A. and Sanders, T. L. and Krych, Aaron J. and Stuart, Michael J. and Hewett, Timothy E.},
 doi = {10.1177/0363546517694026},
 journal = {Orthop J Sports Med},
 number = {8}
}

@article{
 title = {Use of objective neurocognitive measures to assess the psychological states that influence return to sport following injury},
 type = {article},
 year = {2016},
 pages = {299-303},
 volume = {46},
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 author = {Schilaty, Nathan D. and Nagelli, Christopher V. and Hewett, Timothy E.},
 doi = {10.1007/s40279-015-0435-3},
 journal = {Sports Medicine},
 number = {3}
}

@inbook{
 type = {inbook},
 year = {2016},
 pages = {5-10},
 volume = {2},
 websites = {http://sk.sagepub.com/Reference/the-sage-encyclopedia-of-theory-in-psychology/i803.xml},
 publisher = {SAGE Publications, Inc.},
 city = {Thousand Oaks, CA},
 id = {c1685fab-5e0f-381e-826e-713b9526132b},
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 starred = {false},
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 hidden = {false},
 citation_key = {Steffensen2016},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {Addiction, especially drug addiction, is a chronic, relapsing disorder that has an enormous impact on society. A major goal of research on drug addiction is to characterize the critical neural substrates that are most sensitive to the drug, that adapt in association with chronic consumption, and that drive subsequent compulsive drug-seeking behavior. Currently, there are no evidence-based, clinically useful, pharmacotherapeutic interventions that can reverse the neuroadaptive effects of drug dependence. Advancement in the understanding of the brain mechanisms underlying drug use and abuse will pave the way for more effective treatment strategies that could reverse drug dependence and save lives and resources throughout the world. This entry presents current theories of addiction and discusses (a) dopamine transmission in the brain as it relates to rewards, (b) dysregulated dopamine transmission in the brain as it relates to dependence, and (c) the roles of glutamate (GLU) and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptors in alcohol dependence. It also includes recent findings related to adaptation of critical neuronal substrates in the brain’s pleasure system and a proposed theory of the neurobiological basis of addiction.},
 bibtype = {inbook},
 author = {Steffensen, Scott C. and Schilaty, Nathan D. and Hedges, David M. and Jang, Eun Young},
 editor = {Miller, Harold L.},
 doi = {10.4135/9781483346274.n9},
 chapter = {Addiction},
 title = {The SAGE Encyclopedia of Theory in Psychology}
}

Addiction, especially drug addiction, is a chronic, relapsing disorder that has an enormous impact on society. A major goal of research on drug addiction is to characterize the critical neural substrates that are most sensitive to the drug, that adapt in association with chronic consumption, and that drive subsequent compulsive drug-seeking behavior. Currently, there are no evidence-based, clinically useful, pharmacotherapeutic interventions that can reverse the neuroadaptive effects of drug dependence. Advancement in the understanding of the brain mechanisms underlying drug use and abuse will pave the way for more effective treatment strategies that could reverse drug dependence and save lives and resources throughout the world. This entry presents current theories of addiction and discusses (a) dopamine transmission in the brain as it relates to rewards, (b) dysregulated dopamine transmission in the brain as it relates to dependence, and (c) the roles of glutamate (GLU) and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptors in alcohol dependence. It also includes recent findings related to adaptation of critical neuronal substrates in the brain’s pleasure system and a proposed theory of the neurobiological basis of addiction.

@article{
 title = {Involvement of reactive oxygen species in cocaine-taking behaviors in rats},
 type = {article},
 year = {2015},
 pages = {663-675},
 volume = {20},
 websites = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24975938},
 id = {1c04212a-9f3a-31c1-8062-3079df88bdd5},
 created = {2015-09-08T16:17:08.000Z},
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 last_modified = {2019-03-12T17:00:07.655Z},
 read = {true},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {true},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 citation_key = {Jang2014},
 source_type = {Journal Article},
 notes = {Jang, Eun Young<br/>Ryu, Yeon-Hee<br/>Lee, Bong Hyo<br/>Chang, Su-Chan<br/>Yeo, Mi Jin<br/>Kim, Sang Hyun<br/>Folsom, Ryan J<br/>Schilaty, Nathan D<br/>Kim, Kwang Joong<br/>Yang, Chae Ha<br/>Steffensen, Scott C<br/>Kim, Hee Young<br/>ENG<br/>2014/07/01 06:00<br/>Addict Biol. 2014 Jun 26. doi: 10.1111/adb.12159.},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {Reactive oxygen species (ROS) have been implicated in the development of behavioral sensitization following repeated cocaine exposure. We hypothesized that increased ROS following cocaine exposure would act as signaling molecules in the mesolimbic dopamine (DA) system, which might play an important role in mediating the reinforcing effects of cocaine. The aim of this study was to evaluate cocaine enhancement of brain metabolic activity and the effects of ROS scavengers on cocaine self-administration behavior, cocaine-induced ROS production in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) and cocaine enhancement of DA release in the NAc. Metabolic neural activity monitored by temperature and oxidative stress were increased in NAc following cocaine exposure. Systemic administration of the ROS scavenger N-tert-butyl-alpha-phenylnitrone (PBN) or 4-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl (TEMPOL), either pre- or post-treatment, significantly decreased cocaine self-administration without affecting food intake. Infusion of TEMPOL into the NAc inhibited cocaine self-administration. Increased oxidative stress was found mainly on neurons, but not astrocytes, microglia or oligodendrocytes, in NAc of rats self-administering cocaine. TEMPOL significantly attenuated cocaine-induced enhancement of DA release in the NAc, compared to saline controls. TEMPOL had no effect on the enhancement of DA release produced by the DA transporter inhibitor GBR12909. Taken together, these findings suggest that enhancement of ROS production in NAc neurons contributes to the reinforcing effect of cocaine.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Jang, E Y and Ryu, Y H and Lee, B H and Chang, S C and Yeo, M J and Kim, S H and Folsom, Ryan J. and Schilaty, Nathan D. and Kim, K J and Yang, C H and Steffensen, S C and Kim, H Y},
 doi = {10.1111/adb.12159},
 journal = {Addict Biol},
 number = {4},
 keywords = {addiction}
}

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) have been implicated in the development of behavioral sensitization following repeated cocaine exposure. We hypothesized that increased ROS following cocaine exposure would act as signaling molecules in the mesolimbic dopamine (DA) system, which might play an important role in mediating the reinforcing effects of cocaine. The aim of this study was to evaluate cocaine enhancement of brain metabolic activity and the effects of ROS scavengers on cocaine self-administration behavior, cocaine-induced ROS production in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) and cocaine enhancement of DA release in the NAc. Metabolic neural activity monitored by temperature and oxidative stress were increased in NAc following cocaine exposure. Systemic administration of the ROS scavenger N-tert-butyl-alpha-phenylnitrone (PBN) or 4-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl (TEMPOL), either pre- or post-treatment, significantly decreased cocaine self-administration without affecting food intake. Infusion of TEMPOL into the NAc inhibited cocaine self-administration. Increased oxidative stress was found mainly on neurons, but not astrocytes, microglia or oligodendrocytes, in NAc of rats self-administering cocaine. TEMPOL significantly attenuated cocaine-induced enhancement of DA release in the NAc, compared to saline controls. TEMPOL had no effect on the enhancement of DA release produced by the DA transporter inhibitor GBR12909. Taken together, these findings suggest that enhancement of ROS production in NAc neurons contributes to the reinforcing effect of cocaine.

@article{
 title = {Effects of the aqueous extract of Schizandra chinensis fruit on ethanol withdrawal-induced anxiety in rats},
 type = {article},
 year = {2014},
 pages = {1935-1940},
 volume = {127},
 id = {1eb855b8-9912-3f18-a41b-694d8a1df947},
 created = {2015-09-08T16:16:53.000Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {b39eb9f3-933a-3c2c-af6f-c65b69510b13},
 last_modified = {2024-05-06T13:47:00.842Z},
 read = {true},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {true},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 citation_key = {Yiyan2014},
 source_type = {Journal Article},
 private_publication = {false},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Yiyan, W and Zhenglin, Z and Yupeng, Y and Xudong, Y and Jang, EY and Schilaty, ND and Hedges, DM and Kim, SC and Cho, IJ and Rongjie, Z},
 doi = {10.3760/cma.j.issn.0366-6999.20133156},
 journal = {Chin Med J},
 number = {10},
 keywords = {addiction}
}

@article{
 title = {Acute ethanol inhibits dopamine release in the nucleus accumbens via alpha6 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors},
 type = {article},
 year = {2014},
 pages = {559-567},
 volume = {349},
 websites = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24643637},
 id = {b67535d3-54f6-3822-a07f-99fa543dce0c},
 created = {2015-09-08T16:17:01.000Z},
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 profile_id = {b39eb9f3-933a-3c2c-af6f-c65b69510b13},
 last_modified = {2024-05-06T13:46:33.104Z},
 read = {true},
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 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 citation_key = {Schilaty2014},
 source_type = {Journal Article},
 notes = {Schilaty, Nathan D<br/>Hedges, David M<br/>Jang, Eun Young<br/>Folsom, Ryan J<br/>Yorgason, Jordan T<br/>McIntosh, J Michael<br/>Steffensen, Scott C<br/>eng<br/>R01 AA020919/AA/NIAAA NIH HHS/<br/>R01 DA035958/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/<br/>R01-AA020919/AA/NIAAA NIH HHS/<br/>Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural<br/>2014/03/20 06:00<br/>J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2014 Jun;349(3):559-67. doi: 10.1124/jpet.113.211490. Epub 2014 Mar 18.},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {Electrophysiology and microdialysis studies have provided compelling evidence that moderate to high ethanol concentrations enhance dopamine (DA) neurotransmission in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) through the mesolimbic DA system. However, with fast-scan cyclic voltammetry, short-term exposure to moderate to high doses of ethanol decreases evoked DA release at terminals in the NAc. The aim of this study was to evaluate the involvement of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) in modulating the effects of ethanol on DA release in the NAc of C57BL/6 mice ex vivo and in vivo. Local stimulation evoked robust, frequency-dependent DA release in the NAc slice preparation, with maximal release at 40 Hz in the shell and 20 Hz in the core. Nicotine decreased DA release in a concentration-dependent (0.01-10 muM) manner in the shell and core, with an IC50 of 0.1 muM ex vivo and 0.5 mg/kg in vivo. Nicotine and ethanol inhibition of DA release was blocked by the alpha6*-nAChR antagonist alpha-conotoxins CtxMII and alpha-CtxMII [H9A; L15A] ex vivo (100 nM) in the core but not the shell. Furthermore, the nonspecific nAChR antagonist mecamylamine (2 mg/kg) blocked the effects of ethanol in the core in vivo. These findings suggest that DA release is inhibited by ethanol via nAChRs in the NAc and that DA modulation by nAChRs differs in the core versus the shell, with alpha6*-nAChRs affecting DA release in the core but not in the shell.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Schilaty, ND and Hedges, DM and Jang, EY and Folsom, RJ and Yorgason, JT and McIntosh, JM and Steffensen, SC},
 doi = {10.1124/jpet.113.211490},
 journal = {J Pharmacol Exp Ther},
 number = {3},
 keywords = {addiction}
}

Electrophysiology and microdialysis studies have provided compelling evidence that moderate to high ethanol concentrations enhance dopamine (DA) neurotransmission in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) through the mesolimbic DA system. However, with fast-scan cyclic voltammetry, short-term exposure to moderate to high doses of ethanol decreases evoked DA release at terminals in the NAc. The aim of this study was to evaluate the involvement of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) in modulating the effects of ethanol on DA release in the NAc of C57BL/6 mice ex vivo and in vivo. Local stimulation evoked robust, frequency-dependent DA release in the NAc slice preparation, with maximal release at 40 Hz in the shell and 20 Hz in the core. Nicotine decreased DA release in a concentration-dependent (0.01-10 muM) manner in the shell and core, with an IC50 of 0.1 muM ex vivo and 0.5 mg/kg in vivo. Nicotine and ethanol inhibition of DA release was blocked by the alpha6*-nAChR antagonist alpha-conotoxins CtxMII and alpha-CtxMII [H9A; L15A] ex vivo (100 nM) in the core but not the shell. Furthermore, the nonspecific nAChR antagonist mecamylamine (2 mg/kg) blocked the effects of ethanol in the core in vivo. These findings suggest that DA release is inhibited by ethanol via nAChRs in the NAc and that DA modulation by nAChRs differs in the core versus the shell, with alpha6*-nAChRs affecting DA release in the core but not in the shell.

@article{
 title = {Connexin-36 knock-out mice have increased threshold for kindled seizures: Role of GABA inhibition},
 type = {article},
 year = {2013},
 volume = {S1},
 id = {d9f06585-ebef-3ba0-abc2-677cc59b7905},
 created = {2015-09-08T16:17:03.000Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {b39eb9f3-933a-3c2c-af6f-c65b69510b13},
 last_modified = {2024-05-06T13:46:47.361Z},
 read = {true},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {true},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 citation_key = {Shin2013},
 source_type = {Journal Article},
 private_publication = {false},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Shin, SI and Andersen, DJ and Hansen, DM and Yorgason, JT and Schilaty, ND and Busath, DD and Steffensen, SC},
 doi = {10.4172/2167-0501.s1-006},
 journal = {Biochem & Pharmacol},
 number = {006},
 keywords = {addiction}
}