@book{adams_slayer_2003,
	address = {Oxford},
	title = {Slayer slang: {A} {Buffy} the vampire slayer lexicon},
	isbn = {978-0-19-516033-8},
	shorttitle = {Slayer slang},
	publisher = {Oxford University Press},
	author = {Adams, Michael},
	year = {2003},
	keywords = {Buffy, the vampire slayer (Television program), Drama SO},
}

@phdthesis{beltrama_bridging_2016,
	title = {Bridging the gap: {Intensifiers} between semantic and social meaning},
	shorttitle = {Bridging the gap},
	url = {https://search.proquest.com/docview/1799627761?pq-origsite=gscholar},
	abstract = {Explore millions of resources from scholarly journals, books, newspapers, videos and more, on the ProQuest Platform.},
	language = {en},
	urldate = {2020-05-26},
	school = {The University of Chicago},
	author = {Beltrama, Andrea},
	year = {2016},
}

Explore millions of resources from scholarly journals, books, newspapers, videos and more, on the ProQuest Platform.

@article{bylinina_this_2010,
	title = {This is so {NP}!},
	volume = {6},
	issn = {1944-3676},
	url = {http://newprairiepress.org/biyclc/vol6/iss1/8},
	doi = {10.4148/biyclc.v6i0.1571},
	number = {1},
	journal = {Baltic International Yearbook of Cognition, Logic and Communication},
	author = {Bylinina, Elizaveta},
	month = jan,
	year = {2010},
	keywords = {Drama SO},
}

@incollection{gonzalez_thats_2014,
	title = {"{That}'s so a construction!" {Some} reflections on innovative uses of "so" in present-day {English}},
	isbn = {9789027270146},
	abstract = {The differences among functionalist, cognitivist and/or constructionist models are generally taken to be not absolute, but rather a matter of emphasis and degree, with an increasing permeability between paradigms arising from cross-fertilizing influences. This book further explores this burgeoning area of research through the notion of functional-cognitive space, namely, the topography of the space occupied by functional, cognitivist and/or constructionist models against the background of formalist approaches in general and of Chomsky’s Minimalism in particular. Specifically, the twelve contributions in the present volume update the reader on recent developments in functionalism (Systemic Functional Grammar, Functional Discourse Grammar and Role and Reference Grammar) and cognitivism (Word Grammar, (Cognitive) Construction Grammar and the Lexical Contructional Model). Plotting cognitive-space proves particularly adequate for situating the six models represented in this volume, not only in relation to each other, but also potentially with respect to a wide spectrum of functionalist, cognitivist and/or constructionist models.},
	language = {en},
	booktitle = {Theory and {Practice} in {Functional}-{Cognitive} {Space}},
	publisher = {John Benjamins Publishing Company},
	author = {Gonzálvez-Garcia, Francisco},
	editor = {González, María de los Ángeles Gómez and Ibáñez, Francisco José Ruiz de Mendoza and Gonzálvez-García, Francisco and Downing, Angela},
	month = jul,
	year = {2014},
	note = {Google-Books-ID: 9s8ZBAAAQBAJ},
	keywords = {Language Arts \& Disciplines / Linguistics / General, Language Arts \& Disciplines / Linguistics / Syntax},
	pages = {271--292},
}

The differences among functionalist, cognitivist and/or constructionist models are generally taken to be not absolute, but rather a matter of emphasis and degree, with an increasing permeability between paradigms arising from cross-fertilizing influences. This book further explores this burgeoning area of research through the notion of functional-cognitive space, namely, the topography of the space occupied by functional, cognitivist and/or constructionist models against the background of formalist approaches in general and of Chomsky’s Minimalism in particular. Specifically, the twelve contributions in the present volume update the reader on recent developments in functionalism (Systemic Functional Grammar, Functional Discourse Grammar and Role and Reference Grammar) and cognitivism (Word Grammar, (Cognitive) Construction Grammar and the Lexical Contructional Model). Plotting cognitive-space proves particularly adequate for situating the six models represented in this volume, not only in relation to each other, but also potentially with respect to a wide spectrum of functionalist, cognitivist and/or constructionist models.

@book{huddleston_cambridge_2002,
	address = {Cambridge},
	title = {The {Cambridge} grammar of the {English} language},
	isbn = {978-0-521-43146-0},
	abstract = {Publisher description: This book presents a new and comprehensive descriptive grammar of English, written by the principal authors in collaboration with an international research team of a dozen linguists in five countries. It represents a major advance over previous grammars by virtue of drawing systematically on the linguistic research carried out on English during the last forty years. It incorporates insights from the theoretical literature but presents them in a way that is accessible to readers without formal training in linguistics. It is based on a sounder and more consistent descriptive framework than previous large-scale grammars, and includes much more explanation of grammatical terms and concepts, together with justification for the ways in which the analysis differs from traditional grammar. The book contains twenty chapters and a guide to further reading. Its usefulness is enhanced by diagrams of sentence structure, cross-references between sections, a comprehensive index, and user-friendly design and typography throughout},
	publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
	author = {Huddleston, Rodney D. and Pullum, Geoffrey K.},
	year = {2002},
	keywords = {Anglais (Langue), Drama SO, Engels, English language, Estudio y enseñanza, Grammaire, Grammar, Gramática, Inglés},
}

Publisher description: This book presents a new and comprehensive descriptive grammar of English, written by the principal authors in collaboration with an international research team of a dozen linguists in five countries. It represents a major advance over previous grammars by virtue of drawing systematically on the linguistic research carried out on English during the last forty years. It incorporates insights from the theoretical literature but presents them in a way that is accessible to readers without formal training in linguistics. It is based on a sounder and more consistent descriptive framework than previous large-scale grammars, and includes much more explanation of grammatical terms and concepts, together with justification for the ways in which the analysis differs from traditional grammar. The book contains twenty chapters and a guide to further reading. Its usefulness is enhanced by diagrams of sentence structure, cross-references between sections, a comprehensive index, and user-friendly design and typography throughout

@unpublished{irwin_polarity_2009,
	address = {New York: New York University},
	type = {Unpublished manuscript},
	title = {Polarity and degree in so totally constructions},
	author = {Irwin, Patricia},
	month = mar,
	year = {2009},
	note = {Paper presented at the CUNY Syntax Supper, New York, March 10.},
	keywords = {Drama SO},
}

@incollection{irwin_so_2014,
	address = {Oxford},
	series = {Oxford {Studies} in {Comparative} {Syntax}},
	title = {{SO} [{TOTALLY}] speaker-oriented: {An} analysis of "{Drama} {SO}"},
	booktitle = {Micro-syntactic variation in {North} {American} {English}},
	publisher = {Oxford University Press},
	author = {Irwin, Patricia},
	editor = {Zanuttini, Raffaella and Horn, Laurence R.},
	year = {2014},
	keywords = {Drama SO, English language, Syntax, Variation},
	pages = {29--70},
}

@unpublished{irwin_so_2011,
	address = {New York: New York University},
	type = {Unpublished manuscript},
	title = {{SO} [{TOTALLY}] speaker-oriented: {An} analysis of “{Drama} {SO}”},
	author = {Irwin, Patricia},
	month = aug,
	year = {2011},
	keywords = {Drama SO},
}

@incollection{kawahara_lexicalized_2005,
	address = {Amherst, MA},
	series = {University of {Massachusetts} {Occasional} {Papers} in {Linguistics}},
	title = {Lexicalized intonational meaning},
	isbn = {978-1-4196-0680-9},
	language = {English},
	number = {30},
	booktitle = {Papers on prosody},
	publisher = {GLSA},
	author = {Potts, Christopher},
	editor = {Kawahara, Shigeto},
	year = {2005},
	keywords = {Drama SO},
	pages = {129--146},
}

@book{huddleston_cambridge_2002,
	address = {Cambridge},
	title = {The {Cambridge} grammar of the {English} language},
	isbn = {978-0-521-43146-0},
	abstract = {Publisher description: This book presents a new and comprehensive descriptive grammar of English, written by the principal authors in collaboration with an international research team of a dozen linguists in five countries. It represents a major advance over previous grammars by virtue of drawing systematically on the linguistic research carried out on English during the last forty years. It incorporates insights from the theoretical literature but presents them in a way that is accessible to readers without formal training in linguistics. It is based on a sounder and more consistent descriptive framework than previous large-scale grammars, and includes much more explanation of grammatical terms and concepts, together with justification for the ways in which the analysis differs from traditional grammar. The book contains twenty chapters and a guide to further reading. Its usefulness is enhanced by diagrams of sentence structure, cross-references between sections, a comprehensive index, and user-friendly design and typography throughout},
	publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
	author = {Huddleston, Rodney D. and Pullum, Geoffrey K.},
	year = {2002},
	keywords = {Anglais (Langue), Drama SO, Engels, English language, Estudio y enseñanza, Grammaire, Grammar, Gramática, Inglés},
}

Publisher description: This book presents a new and comprehensive descriptive grammar of English, written by the principal authors in collaboration with an international research team of a dozen linguists in five countries. It represents a major advance over previous grammars by virtue of drawing systematically on the linguistic research carried out on English during the last forty years. It incorporates insights from the theoretical literature but presents them in a way that is accessible to readers without formal training in linguistics. It is based on a sounder and more consistent descriptive framework than previous large-scale grammars, and includes much more explanation of grammatical terms and concepts, together with justification for the ways in which the analysis differs from traditional grammar. The book contains twenty chapters and a guide to further reading. Its usefulness is enhanced by diagrams of sentence structure, cross-references between sections, a comprehensive index, and user-friendly design and typography throughout

@article{tagliamonte_so_2005,
	title = {So weird; so cool; so innovative: {The} use of intensifiers in the television series {Friends}},
	volume = {80},
	issn = {00031283},
	shorttitle = {So {Weird}; so {Cool}; so {Innovative}},
	url = {http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=ufh&AN=18346154&site=ehost-live&scope=site},
	abstract = {The use of intensifiers in the television series Friends between 1994 and 2002 provides a unique opportunity to (1) study linguistic innovation in real time and (2) test the viability of media-based data as a surrogate to "real-world" data in sociolinguistic research. The Friends data exhibit almost the same overall rate of intensification as similar studies of contemporary English, and the same intensifiers occur most frequently: really, very, and so. Frequency of intensifier correlates with its time origin, reflecting the typical layering of forms in language. Moreover, in Friends the once primary intensifier in North America, really, is being usurped by so, which is used more often by the female characters than by the males. Taken together, these findings support the claim that media language does reflect what is going on in language and may even pave the way for innovation. Television data can provide interesting and informative sociolinguistic data for study.},
	number = {3},
	urldate = {2016-06-10},
	journal = {American Speech},
	author = {Tagliamonte, Sali and Roberts, Chris},
	year = {2005},
	keywords = {Drama SO, FRIENDS (TV program), LANGUAGE \& culture, LANGUAGE \& languages, Linguistics, Sociolinguistics},
	pages = {280--300},
}

The use of intensifiers in the television series Friends between 1994 and 2002 provides a unique opportunity to (1) study linguistic innovation in real time and (2) test the viability of media-based data as a surrogate to "real-world" data in sociolinguistic research. The Friends data exhibit almost the same overall rate of intensification as similar studies of contemporary English, and the same intensifiers occur most frequently: really, very, and so. Frequency of intensifier correlates with its time origin, reflecting the typical layering of forms in language. Moreover, in Friends the once primary intensifier in North America, really, is being usurped by so, which is used more often by the female characters than by the males. Taken together, these findings support the claim that media language does reflect what is going on in language and may even pave the way for innovation. Television data can provide interesting and informative sociolinguistic data for study.

@article{rothstein_susan_d_syntactic_1991,
	title = {Syntactic licensing and subcategorization},
	volume = {25},
	journal = {Syntax and Semantics},
	author = {{Rothstein, Susan D}},
	year = {1991},
	keywords = {Drama SO},
	pages = {139--157},
}

@article{stange_holding_2020,
	title = {“{Holding} {Grudges} {Is} {So} {Last} {Century}”: {The} {Use} of {GenX} \textit{{So}} as a {Modifier} of {Noun} {Phrases}},
	volume = {48},
	issn = {0075-4242, 1552-5457},
	shorttitle = {“{Holding} {Grudges} {Is} {So} {Last} {Century}”},
	url = {http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0075424220911070},
	doi = {10.1177/0075424220911070},
	abstract = {This article focuses on the X is so NP-construction in American English, as exemplified by “Holding grudges is so last century” (SOAP, As the World Turns, 2002). Drawing on the Corpus of American Soap Operas (Davies 2011-), the aim of this study is to provide an account of the distributional pattern of noun phrase modification with so, including preferences in modified noun phrase (NP) types and concomitant differences in the meaning of so. The analyses reveal that, in line with subjectification theory on intensification (Athanasiadou 2007), so is expanding its functional range from intensification to emphasis. The findings suggest a near-complementary distribution of these meanings, with intensifying so (‘very’) dominating in affirmative sentences (especially with object pronouns and names; “It’s so Star Trek”; SOAP, Days of Our Lives, 2004), and emphatic so (‘definitely’) in negated utterances (especially with pre-modified NPs, such as “It is so not a date”; SOAP, One Life to Live, 2007). Furthermore, intensifying uses of so are restricted to NPs that exhibit adjective-like characteristics and invite metonymic referencing (Gonzálvez-García 2014). So is attested almost exclusively with the copula be, which might hint at restrictions at work in this construction. With respect to the distribution of GenX so across the character groups, the scriptwriters attributed most utterances to (younger) women, in terms of both token frequency and dispersion within the group. This paper shows that the observations pertaining to language variation and change made for adjective intensification (“ so good”) also apply to NP intensification (“ so 2020”).},
	language = {en},
	number = {2},
	urldate = {2020-06-17},
	journal = {Journal of English Linguistics},
	author = {Stange, Ulrike},
	month = jun,
	year = {2020},
	pages = {107--136},
}

This article focuses on the X is so NP-construction in American English, as exemplified by “Holding grudges is so last century” (SOAP, As the World Turns, 2002). Drawing on the Corpus of American Soap Operas (Davies 2011-), the aim of this study is to provide an account of the distributional pattern of noun phrase modification with so, including preferences in modified noun phrase (NP) types and concomitant differences in the meaning of so. The analyses reveal that, in line with subjectification theory on intensification (Athanasiadou 2007), so is expanding its functional range from intensification to emphasis. The findings suggest a near-complementary distribution of these meanings, with intensifying so (‘very’) dominating in affirmative sentences (especially with object pronouns and names; “It’s so Star Trek”; SOAP, Days of Our Lives, 2004), and emphatic so (‘definitely’) in negated utterances (especially with pre-modified NPs, such as “It is so not a date”; SOAP, One Life to Live, 2007). Furthermore, intensifying uses of so are restricted to NPs that exhibit adjective-like characteristics and invite metonymic referencing (Gonzálvez-García 2014). So is attested almost exclusively with the copula be, which might hint at restrictions at work in this construction. With respect to the distribution of GenX so across the character groups, the scriptwriters attributed most utterances to (younger) women, in terms of both token frequency and dispersion within the group. This paper shows that the observations pertaining to language variation and change made for adjective intensification (“ so good”) also apply to NP intensification (“ so 2020”).

@article{stange_youre_2017,
	title = {“{You}’re {So} {Not} {Going} to {Believe} {This}”:{The} {Use} of {Genx} so in {Constructions} with {Future} going to in {American} {English}},
	volume = {92},
	issn = {0003-1283},
	shorttitle = {“{You}’re {So} {Not} {Going} to {Believe} {This}”},
	url = {https://read.dukeupress.edu/american-speech/article-abstract/92/4/487/134114/You-re-So-Not-Going-to-Believe-This-The-Use-of},
	doi = {10.1215/00031283-4395168},
	language = {en},
	number = {4},
	urldate = {2020-05-26},
	journal = {American Speech},
	author = {Stange, Ulrike},
	month = nov,
	year = {2017},
	pages = {487--524},
}

@article{tagliamonte_so_2005,
	title = {So weird; so cool; so innovative: {The} use of intensifiers in the television series {Friends}},
	volume = {80},
	issn = {00031283},
	shorttitle = {So {Weird}; so {Cool}; so {Innovative}},
	url = {http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=ufh&AN=18346154&site=ehost-live&scope=site},
	abstract = {The use of intensifiers in the television series Friends between 1994 and 2002 provides a unique opportunity to (1) study linguistic innovation in real time and (2) test the viability of media-based data as a surrogate to "real-world" data in sociolinguistic research. The Friends data exhibit almost the same overall rate of intensification as similar studies of contemporary English, and the same intensifiers occur most frequently: really, very, and so. Frequency of intensifier correlates with its time origin, reflecting the typical layering of forms in language. Moreover, in Friends the once primary intensifier in North America, really, is being usurped by so, which is used more often by the female characters than by the males. Taken together, these findings support the claim that media language does reflect what is going on in language and may even pave the way for innovation. Television data can provide interesting and informative sociolinguistic data for study.},
	number = {3},
	urldate = {2016-06-10},
	journal = {American Speech},
	author = {Tagliamonte, Sali and Roberts, Chris},
	year = {2005},
	keywords = {Drama SO, FRIENDS (TV program), LANGUAGE \& culture, LANGUAGE \& languages, Linguistics, Sociolinguistics},
	pages = {280--300},
}

The use of intensifiers in the television series Friends between 1994 and 2002 provides a unique opportunity to (1) study linguistic innovation in real time and (2) test the viability of media-based data as a surrogate to "real-world" data in sociolinguistic research. The Friends data exhibit almost the same overall rate of intensification as similar studies of contemporary English, and the same intensifiers occur most frequently: really, very, and so. Frequency of intensifier correlates with its time origin, reflecting the typical layering of forms in language. Moreover, in Friends the once primary intensifier in North America, really, is being usurped by so, which is used more often by the female characters than by the males. Taken together, these findings support the claim that media language does reflect what is going on in language and may even pave the way for innovation. Television data can provide interesting and informative sociolinguistic data for study.

@article{tagliamonte_so_2008,
	title = {So different and pretty cool! {Recycling} intensifiers in {Toronto}, {Canada}},
	volume = {12},
	issn = {1469-4379},
	url = {http://journals.cambridge.org/article_S1360674308002669},
	doi = {10.1017/S1360674308002669},
	abstract = {This article presents a synchronic quantitative study of the intensifier system in Toronto, the largest urban centre in Canada. The data comprise nearly 10,000 adjectival heads, as in I was so hungry and I was getting really nauseous (TOR/2m). The distribution of intensifiers in apparent time provides startling evidence of change. Very is quickly moving out of favour and really has expanded dramatically. Moreover, there is evidence to suggest that other intensifiers are on the rise – so and pretty. Testing a series of contextual factors known to operate in the development of intensifiers (e.g. adjective function and type) as well as their intersection with social factors (e.g. age and sex) reveals evidence of ongoing delexicalization, but not as part of a continual longitudinal process. Instead, the profile of change reveals recycling, suggesting that the mechanisms of intensifier renewal may be more complex than previously thought.},
	number = {02},
	urldate = {2016-06-10},
	journal = {English Language and Linguistics},
	author = {Tagliamonte, Sali A.},
	month = jul,
	year = {2008},
	keywords = {Drama SO},
	pages = {361--394},
}

This article presents a synchronic quantitative study of the intensifier system in Toronto, the largest urban centre in Canada. The data comprise nearly 10,000 adjectival heads, as in I was so hungry and I was getting really nauseous (TOR/2m). The distribution of intensifiers in apparent time provides startling evidence of change. Very is quickly moving out of favour and really has expanded dramatically. Moreover, there is evidence to suggest that other intensifiers are on the rise – so and pretty. Testing a series of contextual factors known to operate in the development of intensifiers (e.g. adjective function and type) as well as their intersection with social factors (e.g. age and sex) reveals evidence of ongoing delexicalization, but not as part of a continual longitudinal process. Instead, the profile of change reveals recycling, suggesting that the mechanisms of intensifier renewal may be more complex than previously thought.

@article{wagner_totally_2017,
	title = {Totally new and pretty awesome : {Amplifier}–adjective bigrams in {GloWbE}},
	volume = {200},
	issn = {00243841},
	shorttitle = {Totally new and pretty awesome},
	url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0024384117303194},
	doi = {10.1016/j.lingua.2017.08.004},
	language = {en},
	urldate = {2020-05-26},
	journal = {Lingua},
	author = {Wagner, Susanne},
	month = dec,
	year = {2017},
	pages = {63--83},
}

@article{watanabe_you_2016,
	title = {You {Are} {So} {Money}": {The} {Contemporary} {Usage} of the {SO} {NOUN} {Construction} from a {Semantic} {Point} of {View}},
	volume = {28},
	issn = {0919-3146},
	shorttitle = {You {Are} {So} {Money}"},
	url = {https://repository.kulib.kyoto-u.ac.jp/dspace/handle/2433/227409},
	doi = {10.14989/227409},
	language = {eng},
	urldate = {2020-05-26},
	journal = {Zephyr},
	author = {Watanabe, Ayano},
	month = jul,
	year = {2016},
	pages = {40--53},
}

@misc{zwicky_so_2006,
	title = {So in style at the {NYT}.},
	url = {http://itre.cis.upenn.edu/~myl/languagelog/archives/002994.html},
	journal = {Language Log},
	author = {Zwicky, Arnold},
	year = {2006},
	keywords = {Drama SO},
}