@incollection{rodrigo_qualitative_2025,
	address = {Cham},
	title = {A {Qualitative} {Examination} of {Harbour} {Development} {Projects} as a {Way} of {Adapting} to {Climate} {Change}},
	isbn = {978-3-031-85359-3},
	url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-85359-3_15},
	abstract = {The Cook Islands in the South Pacific Ocean is a country subject to frequent and severe weather events. Harbours in the Cook Islands are considered a way of securing food, fuel, other supplies, and services. The two main harbours in Rarotonga and Mangaia underwent upgrades to climate-proof and modernise the harbours to fit current times and market demands. The chapter presents a qualitative examination of the projects to understand the effects they’ve had on the local community. The study compares outcomes in the hope that its findings would assist in planning infrastructure projects with better climate adaptive capacity. The data was collected through 27 interviews and two focus groups that involved key informant participants who planned the projects and harbor users, for a holistic approach. As a part of triangulation, transect walks and participatory mapping exercises complemented and confirmed the findings. Grounded Theory analysis of data collected led to five impact types that included effects on health and well-being, community, natural environment, culture and heritage, and economy. Data analysis further revealed that residents had not been aware that these projects were intended to limit climate change impacts. With little prior knowledge of project intentions, the residents felt that the projects have not been entirely successful in mitigating climate change impacts. Additionally, the upgrades have resulted in unanticipated disruptions to ways of generational living. It is anticipated that a more deliberate engagement of local communities and the use of local knowledge would make harbour projects more acceptable and beneficial to the resident population.},
	language = {en},
	urldate = {2025-04-30},
	booktitle = {Climate {Change}: {Conflict} and {Resilience} in the {Age} of {Anthropocene}},
	publisher = {Springer Nature Switzerland},
	author = {Rodrigo, Niransha and Mannakkara, Sandeeka and Newport, Christina and Mankelow, Cody},
	editor = {Pal, Subodh Chandra and Chatterjee, Uday and Saha, Asish and Ruidas, Dipankar},
	year = {2025},
	doi = {10.1007/978-3-031-85359-3_15},
	keywords = {Climate change adaptation, Community outcomes, Harbours, Pacific island nations, Ports, Project outcomes},
	pages = {355--381},
}

The Cook Islands in the South Pacific Ocean is a country subject to frequent and severe weather events. Harbours in the Cook Islands are considered a way of securing food, fuel, other supplies, and services. The two main harbours in Rarotonga and Mangaia underwent upgrades to climate-proof and modernise the harbours to fit current times and market demands. The chapter presents a qualitative examination of the projects to understand the effects they’ve had on the local community. The study compares outcomes in the hope that its findings would assist in planning infrastructure projects with better climate adaptive capacity. The data was collected through 27 interviews and two focus groups that involved key informant participants who planned the projects and harbor users, for a holistic approach. As a part of triangulation, transect walks and participatory mapping exercises complemented and confirmed the findings. Grounded Theory analysis of data collected led to five impact types that included effects on health and well-being, community, natural environment, culture and heritage, and economy. Data analysis further revealed that residents had not been aware that these projects were intended to limit climate change impacts. With little prior knowledge of project intentions, the residents felt that the projects have not been entirely successful in mitigating climate change impacts. Additionally, the upgrades have resulted in unanticipated disruptions to ways of generational living. It is anticipated that a more deliberate engagement of local communities and the use of local knowledge would make harbour projects more acceptable and beneficial to the resident population.

@article{ataera-minster_common_2025,
	title = {Common mental disorders and psychological distress among {Pacific} adults living in {Aotearoa} {New} {Zealand}},
	volume = {138},
	issn = {1175-8716},
	doi = {10.26635/6965.6780},
	abstract = {To examine common mental disorders and psychological distress in Pacific adults and between Pacific ethnic groups.
Data were pooled from multiple New Zealand Health Survey waves from 2014/2015 to 2018/2019. Estimated period prevalence of common mental disorders (depression and/or anxiety) and psychological distress were calculated for Pacific adults aged 15 years and over, analysed by socio-demographic factors (age, sex and socio-economic deprivation), specific Pacific ethnic groups (Samoan, Tongan, Cook Islands and Other Pacific) and Realm country status. Log-binomial regression methods were used to calculate unadjusted and adjusted risk ratios (ARRs) for comparative analyses.
Doctor-diagnosed common mental disorders were more prevalent in Pacific women, adults aged 24-64 years and those living in the least deprived areas (compared with Pacific men, adults aged 15-24 years and those in the most deprived areas respectively). Psychological distress was more prevalent in Pacific females and Cook Islands Māori. Some within-Pacific mental health differences were evident, with higher rates of diagnosed common mental disorders in adults affiliated with Pacific Realm countries (Cook Islands Māori and Niueans) compared with those affiliated with non-Realm countries.
Higher rates of doctor-diagnosed common mental disorders in Pacific adults from the least deprived areas suggest either higher needs and/or better care access in these groups. Mental health varies among Pacific peoples, with Cook Islands Māori in particular experiencing poorer outcomes. Further research and interventions targeting specific Pacific subpopulations are warranted.},
	language = {eng},
	number = {1613},
	journal = {New Zealand medical journal},
	author = {Ataera-Minster, Joanna and Every-Palmer, Susanna and Cunningham, Ruth and Kokaua, Jesse},
	year = {2025},
	note = {Place: New Zealand},
	keywords = {Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Anxiety - epidemiology, Anxiety - ethnology, Depression - epidemiology, Depression - ethnology, Female, Health Surveys, Humans, Male, Mental Disorders - epidemiology, Mental Disorders - ethnology, Middle Aged, New Zealand - epidemiology, Prevalence, Psychological Distress, Socioeconomic Factors, Stress, Psychological - epidemiology, Stress, Psychological - ethnology, Young Adult},
	pages = {36--},
}

To examine common mental disorders and psychological distress in Pacific adults and between Pacific ethnic groups. Data were pooled from multiple New Zealand Health Survey waves from 2014/2015 to 2018/2019. Estimated period prevalence of common mental disorders (depression and/or anxiety) and psychological distress were calculated for Pacific adults aged 15 years and over, analysed by socio-demographic factors (age, sex and socio-economic deprivation), specific Pacific ethnic groups (Samoan, Tongan, Cook Islands and Other Pacific) and Realm country status. Log-binomial regression methods were used to calculate unadjusted and adjusted risk ratios (ARRs) for comparative analyses. Doctor-diagnosed common mental disorders were more prevalent in Pacific women, adults aged 24-64 years and those living in the least deprived areas (compared with Pacific men, adults aged 15-24 years and those in the most deprived areas respectively). Psychological distress was more prevalent in Pacific females and Cook Islands Māori. Some within-Pacific mental health differences were evident, with higher rates of diagnosed common mental disorders in adults affiliated with Pacific Realm countries (Cook Islands Māori and Niueans) compared with those affiliated with non-Realm countries. Higher rates of doctor-diagnosed common mental disorders in Pacific adults from the least deprived areas suggest either higher needs and/or better care access in these groups. Mental health varies among Pacific peoples, with Cook Islands Māori in particular experiencing poorer outcomes. Further research and interventions targeting specific Pacific subpopulations are warranted.

@article{daniel-atutolu_assessment_2025,
	title = {Assessment of mental health in {Cook} {Island} adolescents: a baseline survey},
	issn = {0303-6758},
	url = {https://doi.org/10.1080/03036758.2025.2486046},
	doi = {10.1080/03036758.2025.2486046},
	journal = {Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand},
	author = {Daniel-Atutolu, Metua and Daniela-Wong, Evangelene and Bay, Jacquie L. and Tamarua-Herman, Neti and Porio, Christine and Vickers, Mark H.},
	year = {2025},
	note = {Publisher: Taylor \& Francis},
	pages = {1--13},
}

@article{oloughlin_consequences_2025,
	title = {Consequences of {COVID}-19 protection measures on children's respiratory health in {Aotearoa} {New} {Zealand}},
	volume = {138},
	issn = {1175-8716},
	number = {1610},
	journal = {The New Zealand Medical Journal (Online)},
	author = {O'Loughlin, Claire and Uia, Tali and Grant, Cameron and Smiler, Kirsten and Churchward, Marianna and Tu'akalau, Catherine and Lupena, Rochelle and Jeffreys, Mona},
	year = {2025},
	note = {Publisher: Pasifika Medical Association Group (PMAG)},
	pages = {74--92},
}

@article{wheeler_assessing_2025,
	title = {Assessing the gaps in cardiovascular disease risk assessment and management in primary care for {Māori} and {Pacific} peoples in {Aotearoa} {New} {Zealand}—a systematic review},
	volume = {56},
	issn = {2666-6065},
	journal = {The Lancet Regional Health–Western Pacific},
	author = {Wheeler, Annaliese and Rahiri, Jamie-Lee and Ellison-Lupena, Rochelle and Hanchard, Sandra and Brewer, Karen Marie and Paynter, Janine and Winter-Smith, Julie and Selak, Vanessa and Ameratunga, Shanthi and Grey, Corina},
	year = {2025},
	note = {Publisher: Elsevier},
}

@article{becken_negotiating_2025,
	title = {Negotiating {Wellbeing} and {Tourism}: {A} {Reorientation} {Process} in the {Cook} {Islands}},
	volume = {17},
	issn = {2071-1050},
	shorttitle = {Negotiating {Wellbeing} and {Tourism}},
	doi = {10.3390/su17031123},
	abstract = {Tourism growth in the Cook Islands is broadly supported by residents, but evidence of social and environmental harm is mounting. This study examines the role that tourism plays in the dynamic processes of disorientation and reorientation related to tourism development in three islands: Rarotonga, Aitutaki, and Mitiaro. A total of 102 interviews were conducted at a critical juncture where Cook Islanders reflected on the pre-COVID-19 tourism boom and the subsequent shock of border closures. The findings highlight the undeniable economic dominance of tourism and opportunities for individual livelihoods. However, residents expressed that these must not come at the cost of other types of wellbeing, especially in tourism-heavy Rarotonga. A reorientation towards greater connectedness with culture, each other, and local environments was seen as essential. Cook Islanders expressed a need to take control of tourism in ways that are community-driven, balanced across economic/financial, physical, social, spiritual, and mental wellbeing, and in harmony with local carrying capacities.},
	language = {eng},
	number = {3},
	journal = {Sustainability},
	author = {Becken, Susanne and Tiraa, Sieni and Vada, Sera},
	year = {2025},
	note = {Place: Basel
Publisher: MDPI AG},
	keywords = {COVID-19, Community, Islands, Pandemics, Sustainable development, Tourism},
	pages = {1123--},
}

Tourism growth in the Cook Islands is broadly supported by residents, but evidence of social and environmental harm is mounting. This study examines the role that tourism plays in the dynamic processes of disorientation and reorientation related to tourism development in three islands: Rarotonga, Aitutaki, and Mitiaro. A total of 102 interviews were conducted at a critical juncture where Cook Islanders reflected on the pre-COVID-19 tourism boom and the subsequent shock of border closures. The findings highlight the undeniable economic dominance of tourism and opportunities for individual livelihoods. However, residents expressed that these must not come at the cost of other types of wellbeing, especially in tourism-heavy Rarotonga. A reorientation towards greater connectedness with culture, each other, and local environments was seen as essential. Cook Islanders expressed a need to take control of tourism in ways that are community-driven, balanced across economic/financial, physical, social, spiritual, and mental wellbeing, and in harmony with local carrying capacities.

@article{kokaua-balfour_tivaevae_2024,
	title = {The {Tīvaevae} {Framework}: {Indigenising} the {Process} of {Novel} {Writing}},
	volume = {21},
	copyright = {© 2024 John Wiley \& Sons Ltd.},
	issn = {1741-4113},
	shorttitle = {The {Tīvaevae} {Framework}},
	url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/lic3.70010},
	doi = {10.1111/lic3.70010},
	abstract = {While there is a large amount of literary research and prose produced about the Pacific, only a small amount of work considers Indigenous interpretation and production of literature within the region. This essay explores the potential of Indigenous concepts in literary analysis and creative writing practice from a Māori perspective, Māori being the name of the Indigenous people of Rarotonga in the Cook Islands, located near the centre of the Pacific Ocean. By applying the Tīvaevae framework, a Cook Islands research method most often used to inform research in education, social sciences and quantitative research, creative writing becomes a collaborative process that mimics the crafting of tīvaevae quilts. The article also discusses how the archetype of the calabash breaker, based on the Tusitala Marsh poem, was engaged during this process. It concludes with a discussion on what it means to be a Māori writer in an academic environment that calls for ‘Pacific scholars’.},
	language = {en},
	number = {10-12},
	urldate = {2025-05-22},
	journal = {Literature Compass},
	author = {Kokaua-Balfour, Stacey},
	year = {2024},
	note = {\_eprint: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/lic3.70010},
	keywords = {culture, global circulation project, novel and novella, postcolonialism, prose},
	pages = {e70010},
}

While there is a large amount of literary research and prose produced about the Pacific, only a small amount of work considers Indigenous interpretation and production of literature within the region. This essay explores the potential of Indigenous concepts in literary analysis and creative writing practice from a Māori perspective, Māori being the name of the Indigenous people of Rarotonga in the Cook Islands, located near the centre of the Pacific Ocean. By applying the Tīvaevae framework, a Cook Islands research method most often used to inform research in education, social sciences and quantitative research, creative writing becomes a collaborative process that mimics the crafting of tīvaevae quilts. The article also discusses how the archetype of the calabash breaker, based on the Tusitala Marsh poem, was engaged during this process. It concludes with a discussion on what it means to be a Māori writer in an academic environment that calls for ‘Pacific scholars’.

@incollection{ava_tivaevae_2024,
	title = {Tivaevae as a {Conceptual} {Model} for {Integrating} {Traditional} {Sports} and {Games} {Into} {Formal} {Education} in the {Pacific}: {The} {Case} of the {Cook} {Islands}},
	volume = {22},
	isbn = {978-1-83753-087-8},
	shorttitle = {Tivaevae as a {Conceptual} {Model} for {Integrating} {Traditional} {Sports} and {Games} {Into} {Formal} {Education} in the {Pacific}},
	url = {https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/s1476-285420240000022004/full/html},
	abstract = {This chapter establishes the case for the integration of traditional sports and games (TSGs) into formal education in the Pacific and uses the Cook Islands cultural art of tivaevae as a conceptual model for setting out how this integration can take place. This chapter explains some of the features of TSGs and suggests the educational and social benefits that can accrue from including these activities in formal education in Pacific Island countries. The discussion outlines some TSGs played in the Pacific outside the formal physical education (PE) curriculum, such as coconut climbing and husking, canoe paddling and stilt walking. Activities like these are shown to be a vital way of connecting Pacific Islanders with their cultural history, knowledge, values and a medium to affirm their cultural identity. The potential of TSGs in this respect has become especially important at a time when it can be challenging for many in the Pacific to access their cultural inheritance. The introduction of the tivaevae model into Cook Islands health and PE curriculum in 2004 is noted, followed by an exploration of the value of this model as a guiding framework for the integration of TSGs into formal education in the Pacific.},
	language = {en},
	urldate = {2025-05-05},
	booktitle = {Towards a {Pacific} {Island} {Sociology} of {Sport}},
	publisher = {Emerald Publishing Limited},
	author = {Ava, Aue Te},
	month = oct,
	year = {2024},
	doi = {10.1108/S1476-285420240000022004},
	note = {ISSN: 1476-2854},
	pages = {65--77},
}

This chapter establishes the case for the integration of traditional sports and games (TSGs) into formal education in the Pacific and uses the Cook Islands cultural art of tivaevae as a conceptual model for setting out how this integration can take place. This chapter explains some of the features of TSGs and suggests the educational and social benefits that can accrue from including these activities in formal education in Pacific Island countries. The discussion outlines some TSGs played in the Pacific outside the formal physical education (PE) curriculum, such as coconut climbing and husking, canoe paddling and stilt walking. Activities like these are shown to be a vital way of connecting Pacific Islanders with their cultural history, knowledge, values and a medium to affirm their cultural identity. The potential of TSGs in this respect has become especially important at a time when it can be challenging for many in the Pacific to access their cultural inheritance. The introduction of the tivaevae model into Cook Islands health and PE curriculum in 2004 is noted, followed by an exploration of the value of this model as a guiding framework for the integration of TSGs into formal education in the Pacific.

@article{mihaere_centring_2024,
	title = {Centring localised indigenous concepts of wellbeing in urban nature-based solutions for climate change adaptation: case-studies from {Aotearoa} {New} {Zealand} and the {Cook} {Islands}},
	volume = {12},
	issn = {2296-665X},
	shorttitle = {Centring localised indigenous concepts of wellbeing in urban nature-based solutions for climate change adaptation},
	url = {https://www.frontiersin.orghttps://www.frontiersin.org/journals/environmental-science/articles/10.3389/fenvs.2024.1278235/full},
	doi = {10.3389/fenvs.2024.1278235},
	abstract = {Nature-based solutions (NbS) offer significant potential for climate change adaptation and resilience. NbS strengthen biodiversity and ecosystems, and premise approaches that centre human wellbeing. But understandings and models of wellbeing differ and continue to evolve. This paper reviews wellbeing models and thinking from Aotearoa New Zealand, with focus on Te Ao Māori (the Māori world and worldview) as well as other Indigenous models of wellbeing from wider Te Moana-nui-a-Kiwa Oceania. We highlight how holistic understandings of human-ecology-climate connections are fundamental for the wellbeing of Indigenous peoples of Te Moana-nui-a-Kiwa Oceania and that they should underpin NbS approaches in the region. We profile case study experience from Aotearoa New Zealand and the Cook Islands emerging out of the Nature-based Urban design for Wellbeing and Adaptation in Oceania (NUWAO) research project, that aims to develop nature-based urban design solutions, rooted in Indigenous knowledges that support climate change adaptation and wellbeing. We show that there is great potential for nature-based urban adaptation agendas to be more effective if linked closely to Indigenous ecological knowledge and understandings of wellbeing.},
	language = {English},
	urldate = {2025-05-05},
	journal = {Frontiers in Environmental Science},
	author = {Mihaere, Shannon and Holman-Wharehoka, Māia-te-oho and Mataroa, Jovaan and Kiddle, Gabriel Luke and Pedersen Zari, Maibritt and Blaschke, Paul and Bloomfield, Sibyl},
	month = feb,
	year = {2024},
	note = {Publisher: Frontiers},
	keywords = {Aotearoa New Zealand, Cook Islands, Nature-based solutions, adaptation, indigenous people, wellbeing},
}

Nature-based solutions (NbS) offer significant potential for climate change adaptation and resilience. NbS strengthen biodiversity and ecosystems, and premise approaches that centre human wellbeing. But understandings and models of wellbeing differ and continue to evolve. This paper reviews wellbeing models and thinking from Aotearoa New Zealand, with focus on Te Ao Māori (the Māori world and worldview) as well as other Indigenous models of wellbeing from wider Te Moana-nui-a-Kiwa Oceania. We highlight how holistic understandings of human-ecology-climate connections are fundamental for the wellbeing of Indigenous peoples of Te Moana-nui-a-Kiwa Oceania and that they should underpin NbS approaches in the region. We profile case study experience from Aotearoa New Zealand and the Cook Islands emerging out of the Nature-based Urban design for Wellbeing and Adaptation in Oceania (NUWAO) research project, that aims to develop nature-based urban design solutions, rooted in Indigenous knowledges that support climate change adaptation and wellbeing. We show that there is great potential for nature-based urban adaptation agendas to be more effective if linked closely to Indigenous ecological knowledge and understandings of wellbeing.

@article{henry_te_2024,
	title = {Te vaerua kopu tangata ora. {Constructing} a theory of {Cook} {Islands} palliative care in {New} {Zealand}},
	copyright = {Fixed Embargo Date, Closed},
	url = {https://digitalnz.org/records/55857956},
	abstract = {From University of Otago: Background: Due to the rapidly aging population, the need for palliative care in NewZealand is expected to increase substantially. Access to palliative health is stated to be a basichuman right, this includes access to palliative health care without discrimination, access tobasic medication for symptom relief, and inclusion in palliative care policies. Yet, Pacificpeoples in New Zealand experience barriers in accessing and utilising palliative care servicesand experience barriers to accessing culturally appropriate care.Cook Islanders are part of the New Zealand realm, are New Zealand citizens and the vastmajority reside in New Zealand. A health system that is responsive to the needs of CookIslands people is essential for the wellbeing of Cook Islands families. Palliative care is statedto be the ethical responsibility of health systems. This is reflected in the New Zealandpalliative care strategy which outlines that all people in need of palliative care should receivetimely and culturally appropriate palliative care. However, little is known on the experiencesand understanding of palliative and end of life care for Pacific peoples in New Zealand andeven less on the experiences and needs of Cook Islanders.Research aim: This study aimed to explore the traditional and contemporary palliative careand end-of-life care practices of Cook Islanders in New Zealand from a Cook Islandsperspective. The overarching aim is to generate a theory that articulates Cook Islandspeople’s concepts and practice of palliative care in New Zealand and to develop a CookIslands specific model that can be used to guide palliative care services in New Zealand.Method: The research utilised constructivist grounded theory and the Tivaevae model toconstruct a theory of palliative care for Cook Islands people in New Zealand. Constructivismgrounded theory was utilised as a methodology to analyse data in order to construct theory,while the Tivaevae model was utilised to connect the research to Cook Islands paradigms thatreflect Cook Islands values. The underlying philosophical paradigm of pragmatism wasutilised, anchoring the research to the creation of knowledge which has practicalimplications.Findings: A total of 28 participants were interviewed, including family members (n =14)who had cared for a palliative family member, healthcare practitioners (n =11) and holders ofIItraditional or spiritual knowledge or ta’unga (n =3). The findings revealed three key conceptswhich informed the theory constructed. The key concepts were, palliative care is a spiritualjourney in which spirituality is omnipresent. The kopu tangata (family) were a vitalcomponent of palliative care and the family as a group experience their own life coursetransition during the palliative care journey. Family is inclusive of the ancestors, andancestral veneration plays a part in palliative care and the grieving stage of palliative care.The New Zealand location impacts on the palliative care journey through the transnationalidentity of Cook Islands people and the various adaptations Cook Islands people have appliedin New Zealand.Conclusion: A theory of palliative care potentially applicable for Cook Islanders living inNew Zealand was constructed. The model “te vaerua kopu tangata ora” (the spiritualwellness of the family) as a conceptual model was created from the theorisation of the results.The model symbolises the transition experienced by the palliative family member and theirwider family. The model aids in showing how the components of the theory work together toconceptualise an understanding of palliative care for Cook Islanders in New Zealand.Palliative care in this study was defined as a spiritual transition in which the family, inclusiveof the wider family and the ancestors, supports the palliative family member to transitionfrom the world of the living to another realm defined by the family. While the familytransition to new roles within the family structure. As such, the model is a family model. It ispivotal that families are enabled to provide care for their palliative family member byproviding family based care and acknowledging the life stage transition the family unitexperience during palliative, end of life care and beyond. Additionally, palliative care wasviewed through a long view of time, meaning the transition from death to grieving mayfollow a long trajectory. Supporting families to practise rituals and ceremonies to veneratetheir ancestors is important as these rituals aid the family to maintain balance during theirtransition and grief. Additionally, the research highlighted the gaps within the currentpalliative care research and the need for future research in the area.},
	language = {eng},
	urldate = {2025-05-05},
	author = {Henry, Amy},
	month = jun,
	year = {2024},
}

From University of Otago: Background: Due to the rapidly aging population, the need for palliative care in NewZealand is expected to increase substantially. Access to palliative health is stated to be a basichuman right, this includes access to palliative health care without discrimination, access tobasic medication for symptom relief, and inclusion in palliative care policies. Yet, Pacificpeoples in New Zealand experience barriers in accessing and utilising palliative care servicesand experience barriers to accessing culturally appropriate care.Cook Islanders are part of the New Zealand realm, are New Zealand citizens and the vastmajority reside in New Zealand. A health system that is responsive to the needs of CookIslands people is essential for the wellbeing of Cook Islands families. Palliative care is statedto be the ethical responsibility of health systems. This is reflected in the New Zealandpalliative care strategy which outlines that all people in need of palliative care should receivetimely and culturally appropriate palliative care. However, little is known on the experiencesand understanding of palliative and end of life care for Pacific peoples in New Zealand andeven less on the experiences and needs of Cook Islanders.Research aim: This study aimed to explore the traditional and contemporary palliative careand end-of-life care practices of Cook Islanders in New Zealand from a Cook Islandsperspective. The overarching aim is to generate a theory that articulates Cook Islandspeople’s concepts and practice of palliative care in New Zealand and to develop a CookIslands specific model that can be used to guide palliative care services in New Zealand.Method: The research utilised constructivist grounded theory and the Tivaevae model toconstruct a theory of palliative care for Cook Islands people in New Zealand. Constructivismgrounded theory was utilised as a methodology to analyse data in order to construct theory,while the Tivaevae model was utilised to connect the research to Cook Islands paradigms thatreflect Cook Islands values. The underlying philosophical paradigm of pragmatism wasutilised, anchoring the research to the creation of knowledge which has practicalimplications.Findings: A total of 28 participants were interviewed, including family members (n =14)who had cared for a palliative family member, healthcare practitioners (n =11) and holders ofIItraditional or spiritual knowledge or ta’unga (n =3). The findings revealed three key conceptswhich informed the theory constructed. The key concepts were, palliative care is a spiritualjourney in which spirituality is omnipresent. The kopu tangata (family) were a vitalcomponent of palliative care and the family as a group experience their own life coursetransition during the palliative care journey. Family is inclusive of the ancestors, andancestral veneration plays a part in palliative care and the grieving stage of palliative care.The New Zealand location impacts on the palliative care journey through the transnationalidentity of Cook Islands people and the various adaptations Cook Islands people have appliedin New Zealand.Conclusion: A theory of palliative care potentially applicable for Cook Islanders living inNew Zealand was constructed. The model “te vaerua kopu tangata ora” (the spiritualwellness of the family) as a conceptual model was created from the theorisation of the results.The model symbolises the transition experienced by the palliative family member and theirwider family. The model aids in showing how the components of the theory work together toconceptualise an understanding of palliative care for Cook Islanders in New Zealand.Palliative care in this study was defined as a spiritual transition in which the family, inclusiveof the wider family and the ancestors, supports the palliative family member to transitionfrom the world of the living to another realm defined by the family. While the familytransition to new roles within the family structure. As such, the model is a family model. It ispivotal that families are enabled to provide care for their palliative family member byproviding family based care and acknowledging the life stage transition the family unitexperience during palliative, end of life care and beyond. Additionally, palliative care wasviewed through a long view of time, meaning the transition from death to grieving mayfollow a long trajectory. Supporting families to practise rituals and ceremonies to veneratetheir ancestors is important as these rituals aid the family to maintain balance during theirtransition and grief. Additionally, the research highlighted the gaps within the currentpalliative care research and the need for future research in the area.

@inproceedings{james_development_2024,
	address = {Torino, Italia},
	title = {Development of {Community}-{Oriented} {Text}-to-{Speech} {Models} for {Māori} ‘{Avaiki} {Nui} ({Cook} {Islands} {Māori})},
	url = {https://aclanthology.org/2024.lrec-main.432/},
	abstract = {In this paper we describe the development of a text-to-speech system for Māori ‘Avaiki Nui (Cook Islands Māori). We provide details about the process of community-collaboration that was followed throughout the project, a continued engagement where we are trying to develop speech and language technology for the benefit of the community. During this process we gathered a group of recordings that we used to train a TTS system. When training we used two approaches, the HMM-system MaryTTS (Schröder et al., 2011) and the deep learning system FastSpeech2 (Ren et al., 2020). We performed two evaluation tasks on the models: First, we measured their quality by having the synthesized speech transcribed by ASR. The human produced ground truth had lower error rates (CER=4.3, WER=18), but the FastSpeech2 audio has lower error rates (CER=11.8 and WER=42.7) than the MaryTTS voice (CER=17.9 and WER=48.1). The second evaluation was a survey amongst speakers of the language so they could judge the voice`s quality. The ground truth was rated with the highest quality (MOS=4.6), but the FastSpeech2 voice had an overall quality of MOS=3.2, which was significantly higher than that of the MaryTTS synthesized recordings (MOS=2.0). We intend to use the FastSpeech2 model to create language learning tools for community members both on the Cook Islands and in the diaspora.},
	urldate = {2025-05-05},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the 2024 {Joint} {International} {Conference} on {Computational} {Linguistics}, {Language} {Resources} and {Evaluation} ({LREC}-{COLING} 2024)},
	publisher = {ELRA and ICCL},
	author = {James, Jesin and Coto-Solano, Rolando and Nicholas, Sally Akevai and Zhu, Joshua and Yu, Bovey and Babasaki, Fuki and Wang, Jenny Tyler and Derby, Nicholas},
	editor = {Calzolari, Nicoletta and Kan, Min-Yen and Hoste, Veronique and Lenci, Alessandro and Sakti, Sakriani and Xue, Nianwen},
	month = may,
	year = {2024},
	pages = {4820--4831},
}

In this paper we describe the development of a text-to-speech system for Māori ‘Avaiki Nui (Cook Islands Māori). We provide details about the process of community-collaboration that was followed throughout the project, a continued engagement where we are trying to develop speech and language technology for the benefit of the community. During this process we gathered a group of recordings that we used to train a TTS system. When training we used two approaches, the HMM-system MaryTTS (Schröder et al., 2011) and the deep learning system FastSpeech2 (Ren et al., 2020). We performed two evaluation tasks on the models: First, we measured their quality by having the synthesized speech transcribed by ASR. The human produced ground truth had lower error rates (CER=4.3, WER=18), but the FastSpeech2 audio has lower error rates (CER=11.8 and WER=42.7) than the MaryTTS voice (CER=17.9 and WER=48.1). The second evaluation was a survey amongst speakers of the language so they could judge the voice`s quality. The ground truth was rated with the highest quality (MOS=4.6), but the FastSpeech2 voice had an overall quality of MOS=3.2, which was significantly higher than that of the MaryTTS synthesized recordings (MOS=2.0). We intend to use the FastSpeech2 model to create language learning tools for community members both on the Cook Islands and in the diaspora.

@phdthesis{wichman_kia_2024,
	title = {Kia rauka {I} te tūranga memeitaki no te iti tangata ānuanua o te {Kuki} {Airani} = {Towards} attaining holistic wellbeing for the {Rainbow} community of the {Cook} {Islands} : a thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of {Master} in {International} {Development}, {Massey} {University}, {New} {Zealand}},
	shorttitle = {Kia rauka {I} te tūranga memeitaki no te iti tangata ānuanua o te {Kuki} {Airani} = {Towards} attaining holistic wellbeing for the {Rainbow} community of the {Cook} {Islands}},
	url = {https://mro.massey.ac.nz/handle/10179/70249},
	abstract = {Kia Orana and welcome to this scholarly exploration of Tūranga Memeitaki, or Wellbeing, within the Ānuanua, or Rainbow, Community of the Cook Islands, guided by the principles of Akapapa’anga (genealogies) and Kai Vānanga (elevated conversations). This thesis is a deliberate endeavor to shed light on the experiences of a unique and often marginalized community. It aims to address the question of what is Tūranga Memeitaki for the Ānuanua community? Grounded in the Akapapa'anga methodology, which delves into the intricate web of relationships and connections among individuals and groups, this research employs Māori genealogical analysis to unearth the nuanced dimensions of Tūranga Memeitaki within the Ānuanua community. By drawing upon family trees, oral traditions, historical records, and diverse information sources, this approach offers a comprehensive understanding of the community's wellbeing dynamics. To navigate the sensitive nature of discussions and the subject matter concerning the Ānuanua community, a novel method known as Kai Vānanga Vatavata has been developed. Inspired by other Pacific approaches, this method has been customized to accommodate the specific needs and concerns of marginalized communities, ensuring respectful and culturally appropriate data collection and interpretation. Throughout the enquiry, the Kai Vānanga Vatavata method has undergone continuous refinement to optimize its efficacy in capturing the diverse perspectives and experiences within the Ānuanua community. Given the distinct challenges faced by LGBTQ+ communities worldwide, a nuanced understanding of Tūranga Memeitaki for the Ānuanua community holds significant implications for addressing these challenges effectively. The research methodology incorporated interviews, focus groups, and literature analysis to explore the multifaceted dimensions of wellbeing and its impact on holistic human experience. By engaging directly with members of the Ānuanua community, this study aims to amplify their voices, illuminate their narratives, and contribute to the development of tailored policy solutions and research recommendations aimed at enhancing their overall wellbeing. The principal outcomes derived from the Kai Vānanga Vatavata highlight the imperative of conducting research that is culturally relevant and led by Ānuanua for Ānuanua. It underscores the urgency of ceasing the compartmentalization or 'othering' of the Ānuanua community, recognizing resilience and beyond both within this community and more broadly, and transitioning from a focus on wellbeing to an emphasis on wholebeing.},
	language = {en},
	urldate = {2025-05-05},
	school = {Massey University},
	author = {Wichman, Valentino (Valery) Tefa'atau},
	year = {2024},
}

Kia Orana and welcome to this scholarly exploration of Tūranga Memeitaki, or Wellbeing, within the Ānuanua, or Rainbow, Community of the Cook Islands, guided by the principles of Akapapa’anga (genealogies) and Kai Vānanga (elevated conversations). This thesis is a deliberate endeavor to shed light on the experiences of a unique and often marginalized community. It aims to address the question of what is Tūranga Memeitaki for the Ānuanua community? Grounded in the Akapapa'anga methodology, which delves into the intricate web of relationships and connections among individuals and groups, this research employs Māori genealogical analysis to unearth the nuanced dimensions of Tūranga Memeitaki within the Ānuanua community. By drawing upon family trees, oral traditions, historical records, and diverse information sources, this approach offers a comprehensive understanding of the community's wellbeing dynamics. To navigate the sensitive nature of discussions and the subject matter concerning the Ānuanua community, a novel method known as Kai Vānanga Vatavata has been developed. Inspired by other Pacific approaches, this method has been customized to accommodate the specific needs and concerns of marginalized communities, ensuring respectful and culturally appropriate data collection and interpretation. Throughout the enquiry, the Kai Vānanga Vatavata method has undergone continuous refinement to optimize its efficacy in capturing the diverse perspectives and experiences within the Ānuanua community. Given the distinct challenges faced by LGBTQ+ communities worldwide, a nuanced understanding of Tūranga Memeitaki for the Ānuanua community holds significant implications for addressing these challenges effectively. The research methodology incorporated interviews, focus groups, and literature analysis to explore the multifaceted dimensions of wellbeing and its impact on holistic human experience. By engaging directly with members of the Ānuanua community, this study aims to amplify their voices, illuminate their narratives, and contribute to the development of tailored policy solutions and research recommendations aimed at enhancing their overall wellbeing. The principal outcomes derived from the Kai Vānanga Vatavata highlight the imperative of conducting research that is culturally relevant and led by Ānuanua for Ānuanua. It underscores the urgency of ceasing the compartmentalization or 'othering' of the Ānuanua community, recognizing resilience and beyond both within this community and more broadly, and transitioning from a focus on wellbeing to an emphasis on wholebeing.

@phdthesis{tairea_kia_2024,
	type = {thesis},
	title = {Kia {Vai} {Rai} {Auraka} {Kia} {Taui}‘ia - {Let} it remain, {Let} it change: {Negotiations} of religion among {Cook} {Island} {Māori} in {New} {Zealand}},
	shorttitle = {Kia {Vai} {Rai} {Auraka} {Kia} {Taui}‘ia - {Let} it remain, {Let} it change},
	url = {https://openaccess.wgtn.ac.nz/articles/thesis/Kia_Vai_Rai_Auraka_Kia_Taui_ia_-_Let_it_remain_Let_it_change_Negotiations_of_religion_among_Cook_Island_M_ori_in_New_Zealand/27977520/1},
	abstract = {This thesis examines how Cook Island Māori in contemporary New Zealand negotiate religion. It does so through a qualitative study, based on in-depth conversations with ten Cook Island Māori. The conversations reveal a complex social and relational dynamic to the ways in which Cook Island Māori understand and navigate religion. I argue that the Cook Island Māori in this research negotiate religion in a socialised manner that seeks to make sense of Christianity’s relationship with Cook Island Māori culture. To understand the ways in which this socialised negotiation of religion occurs, I employ the Cook Island Māori relational methodology, ‘akapapa‘anga, and draw from recent scholarship examining the discursive construction of religion. Through this approach, I identified three ‘modes of sociality’ which I name ‘Religion Affirmed,’ ‘Religion Redescribed,’ and ‘Religion Unsettled.’ Each mode captures the different and distinct ways in which these Cook Island Māori are negotiating what religion signifies for them, trying to make sense of Christianity’s relationship to Cook Island Māori culture, and navigating broader social obligations towards family and their community. Sitting underneath these socialised negotiations of religion is the impact of colonisation on Cook Island Māori people and culture. The impact of colonisation is contested due to implications to personal, social, and historical agency. This thesis demonstrates that the meaning of ‘religion,’ what constitutes Cook Island Māori culture, and the importance of different social relationships, are contested. It also indicates the centrality of ‘akapapa‘anga in the negotiation of these differences, the ongoing significance of Christianity in shaping diverse understandings of religion for Cook Island Māori, and the fruitfulness of relational epistemologies for the social scientific study of Pacific religion today.},
	language = {en},
	urldate = {2025-05-05},
	school = {Open Access Te Herenga Waka-Victoria University of Wellington},
	author = {Tairea, Arama},
	month = dec,
	year = {2024},
	doi = {10.26686/wgtn.27977520},
}

This thesis examines how Cook Island Māori in contemporary New Zealand negotiate religion. It does so through a qualitative study, based on in-depth conversations with ten Cook Island Māori. The conversations reveal a complex social and relational dynamic to the ways in which Cook Island Māori understand and navigate religion. I argue that the Cook Island Māori in this research negotiate religion in a socialised manner that seeks to make sense of Christianity’s relationship with Cook Island Māori culture. To understand the ways in which this socialised negotiation of religion occurs, I employ the Cook Island Māori relational methodology, ‘akapapa‘anga, and draw from recent scholarship examining the discursive construction of religion. Through this approach, I identified three ‘modes of sociality’ which I name ‘Religion Affirmed,’ ‘Religion Redescribed,’ and ‘Religion Unsettled.’ Each mode captures the different and distinct ways in which these Cook Island Māori are negotiating what religion signifies for them, trying to make sense of Christianity’s relationship to Cook Island Māori culture, and navigating broader social obligations towards family and their community. Sitting underneath these socialised negotiations of religion is the impact of colonisation on Cook Island Māori people and culture. The impact of colonisation is contested due to implications to personal, social, and historical agency. This thesis demonstrates that the meaning of ‘religion,’ what constitutes Cook Island Māori culture, and the importance of different social relationships, are contested. It also indicates the centrality of ‘akapapa‘anga in the negotiation of these differences, the ongoing significance of Christianity in shaping diverse understandings of religion for Cook Island Māori, and the fruitfulness of relational epistemologies for the social scientific study of Pacific religion today.

@article{shiu_pacific_2024,
	title = {Pacific human security: {Health}, wellbeing, and resilience},
	author = {Shiu, Roannie Ng and Newport, Christina and Underhill-Sem, Yvonne},
	year = {2024},
}

@article{lai_daily_2024,
	title = {Daily temperatures and child hospital admissions in {Aotearoa} {New} {Zealand}: case time series analysis},
	volume = {21},
	issn = {1660-4601},
	number = {9},
	journal = {International journal of environmental research and public health},
	author = {Lai, Hakkan and Lee, Jeong Eun and Harrington, Luke J and Ahuriri-Driscoll, Annabel and Newport, Christina and Bolton, Annette and Salter, Claire and Morton, Susan and Woodward, Alistair and Hales, Simon},
	year = {2024},
	note = {Publisher: MDPI},
	pages = {1236},
}

@article{newport_anchored_2024,
	title = {Anchored in pacific protocols–climate change, mental health and wellbeing},
	volume = {16},
	issn = {1756-5529},
	number = {6},
	journal = {Climate and Development},
	author = {Newport, Christina and Tiatia-Siau, Jemaima and Aimiti Ma'ia'i, KDee and Underhill-Sem, Yvonne and Woodward, Alistair},
	year = {2024},
	note = {Publisher: Taylor \& Francis},
	pages = {540--550},
}

@article{burry_experience_2024,
	title = {The experience of abortion for {Cook} {Islands} women: exploring the socio-cultural dimensions of abortion safety},
	volume = {26},
	issn = {1369-1058},
	shorttitle = {The experience of abortion for {Cook} {Islands} women},
	url = {https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13691058.2024.2305814},
	doi = {10.1080/13691058.2024.2305814},
	abstract = {Abortion is significantly restricted by law in most Pacific Island countries, impacting the rights, health and autonomy of people who experience pregnancy. We undertook qualitative research between February and August 2022 on Rarotonga, Cook Islands, where abortion is illegal under most circumstances. We conducted interviews with women who had accessed or tried to access abortion services; people who had supported women to access abortion services; health workers; and advocates to understand their experiences regarding abortion. We conducted focus groups to explore broader social perceptions and experiences of sexual and reproductive health and rights, including abortion. Participants described their abortion decisions and methods, and their negotiation of the personal context of their sexual behaviours, pregnancies, and abortions relative to their socio-cultural context and values. As defined by the World Health Organization, safe abortion relates to the methods and equipment used and the skills of the abortion provider. We argue for an expansion of this definition to consider inclusion of reference to individuals' 'abortion safety nets' as the sum of their access to financial, political, health care and socio-cultural resources. These safety nets are shaped by discourses related to abortion and socio-cultural support and values, impacting physical, emotional, psychological, social and spiritual health.},
	language = {eng},
	number = {9},
	urldate = {2025-03-26},
	journal = {Culture, health \& sexuality},
	author = {Burry, Kate and Beek, Kristen and Vallely, Lisa and Worth, Heather and Haire, Bridget},
	year = {2024},
	note = {Place: England
Publisher: Taylor \& Francis},
	keywords = {Abortion, Access, Autonomy, Cook Islands, Cultural differences, Cultural resources, Discourses, Health care, Health services, Illegal abortion, Islands, Mental health, Negotiation, Pacific islands, Pregnancy, Qualitative research, Reproductive health, Rights, Safety, Sexual behavior, Social perception, Sociocultural factors, Spiritual well being, Women, Womens health, abortion stigma, akama, safe abortion},
	pages = {1185--1200},
}

Abortion is significantly restricted by law in most Pacific Island countries, impacting the rights, health and autonomy of people who experience pregnancy. We undertook qualitative research between February and August 2022 on Rarotonga, Cook Islands, where abortion is illegal under most circumstances. We conducted interviews with women who had accessed or tried to access abortion services; people who had supported women to access abortion services; health workers; and advocates to understand their experiences regarding abortion. We conducted focus groups to explore broader social perceptions and experiences of sexual and reproductive health and rights, including abortion. Participants described their abortion decisions and methods, and their negotiation of the personal context of their sexual behaviours, pregnancies, and abortions relative to their socio-cultural context and values. As defined by the World Health Organization, safe abortion relates to the methods and equipment used and the skills of the abortion provider. We argue for an expansion of this definition to consider inclusion of reference to individuals' 'abortion safety nets' as the sum of their access to financial, political, health care and socio-cultural resources. These safety nets are shaped by discourses related to abortion and socio-cultural support and values, impacting physical, emotional, psychological, social and spiritual health.

@article{houghton_negotiating_2023,
	title = {Negotiating tivaevae and talanoa methodologies in education: {A} critical reflection},
	volume = {132},
	shorttitle = {Negotiating tivaevae and talanoa methodologies in education},
	url = {https://search.informit.org/doi/abs/10.3316/informit.101556972574632},
	doi = {10.3316/informit.101556972574632},
	abstract = {The diverse nature of Pacific communities in Aotearoa New Zealand means that Pacific
         educators and researchers regularly negotiate multiple identities, voices and cultures
         in their work and research. Often researchers in this field emerge from an education
         or teaching background and wish to explore the questions they have formulated about
         their local or wider Pacific community with regards to education. This paper offers
         a reflection from a Cook Island Maori researcher who has negotiated the use of the
         talanoa and tivaevae methodologies as part of his participatory action research doctoral
         study. The researcher's experience indicates a dynamic synergy between the two methods,
         as they pertain to the Pacific educational research field in New Zealand. The reflection
         offered aims to help inform and support other researchers, Pacific and non-Pacific,
         in their negotiation of the diverse landscape that this field presents.},
	number = {1/2},
	urldate = {2025-05-22},
	journal = {Waka Kuaka: The Journal of the Polynesian Society},
	author = {Houghton, Joseph Bruce Tutonga},
	month = jun,
	year = {2023},
	note = {Publisher: Polynesian Society Inc.},
	keywords = {Indigenous peoples--Education, Landscapes, Negotiation, Research--Evaluation, Research--Methodology},
	pages = {147--164},
}

The diverse nature of Pacific communities in Aotearoa New Zealand means that Pacific educators and researchers regularly negotiate multiple identities, voices and cultures in their work and research. Often researchers in this field emerge from an education or teaching background and wish to explore the questions they have formulated about their local or wider Pacific community with regards to education. This paper offers a reflection from a Cook Island Maori researcher who has negotiated the use of the talanoa and tivaevae methodologies as part of his participatory action research doctoral study. The researcher's experience indicates a dynamic synergy between the two methods, as they pertain to the Pacific educational research field in New Zealand. The reflection offered aims to help inform and support other researchers, Pacific and non-Pacific, in their negotiation of the diverse landscape that this field presents.

@article{tiatia_climate_2023,
	title = {Climate change, mental health and wellbeing: privileging {Pacific} peoples’ perspectives–phase one},
	volume = {15},
	issn = {1756-5529},
	number = {8},
	journal = {Climate and Development},
	author = {Tiatia, Jemaima and Langridge, Fiona and Newport, Christina and Underhill-Sem, Yvonne and Woodward, Alistair},
	year = {2023},
	note = {Publisher: Taylor \& Francis},
	pages = {655--666},
}

@article{tupou_is_2023,
	title = {Is the concept of solastalgia meaningful to pacific communities experiencing mental health distress due to climate change? {An} initial exploration},
	volume = {20},
	issn = {1660-4601},
	number = {22},
	journal = {International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health},
	author = {Tupou, Trish and Tiatia-Siau, Jemaima and Newport, Christina and Langridge, Fiona and Tiatia, Suelaki},
	year = {2023},
	note = {Publisher: MDPI},
	pages = {7041},
}

@article{futter-puati_e_2023,
	title = {E {Vaine} {Toa}, {E} {Rangatira}: {Marjorie} {Tuainekore} {Crocombe} ({D}. {Litt}), 1930–2022},
	volume = {58},
	issn = {0022-3344},
	number = {2},
	journal = {The Journal of Pacific History},
	author = {Futter-Puati, Debi},
	year = {2023},
	note = {Publisher: Taylor \& Francis},
	pages = {195--200},
}

@incollection{futter-puati_inangaro_2023,
	title = {Inangaro{\textbar} {Desire}: {The} ‘writing in’of māpū{\textbar} young {Cook} {Islanders}’ sexual and relationship desires into resources for sexuality and relationships education},
	booktitle = {Sex and {Gender} in the {Pacific}},
	publisher = {Routledge},
	author = {Futter-Puati, Debi},
	year = {2023},
	pages = {40--52},
}

@incollection{puati_tivaevae_2021,
	edition = {R. E. Rinehart, J. Kidd, \& K. N. Barbour},
	title = {Tivaevae {Episto}-{Methodology}: {Use} of {Cultural} {Metaphor} in {Indigenous} {Communities}},
	url = {https://www.researchgate.net/publication/359270307_Tivaevae_Episto-Methodology_Use_of_Cultural_Metaphor_in_Indigenous_Communities_In_R_E_Rinehart_J_Kidd_K_N_Barbour_Eds_Ethnographic_borders_and_boundaries_Permeability_plasticity_and_possibilities_pp_9},
	urldate = {2025-04-09},
	booktitle = {Ethnographic borders and boundaries: {Permeability}, plasticity, and possibilities},
	publisher = {Peter Lang},
	author = {Puati, D},
	editor = {Rinehart, R and Kidd, J and Barbour, K},
	year = {2021},
	pages = {91--118},
}

@article{ava_how_2020,
	title = {How the {Tivaevae} {Model} can be {Used} as an {Indigenous} {Methodology} in {Cook} {Islands} {Education} {Settings}},
	volume = {49},
	copyright = {Copyright (c) 2018 The Author(s)},
	issn = {2049-7784},
	url = {https://ajie.atsis.uq.edu.au/ajie/article/view/258},
	doi = {10.1017/jie.2018.9},
	abstract = {This paper explores an Indigenous research methodology, the tivaevae model, and its application within the Cook Islands education system. The article will argue that the cultural values embedded within its framework allow for the successful implementation of this Indigenous methodology. The model draws from tivaevae, or artistic quilting, and is both an applique process and a product of the Cook Islands. It is unique to the Cook Islands and plays an important part in the lives of Cook Islanders. The tivaevae model will be explained in detail, describing how patchwork creative pieces come together to create a story and can be used as a metaphor of the past, present and future integration of social, historical, spiritual, religious, economic and political representations of Cook Island culture. Further, the paper will then make links with the model to teaching and learning, by exploring secondary schools’ health and physical education policy and practices. Finally, the efficacy of the model in this context and its research implications will then be discussed.},
	language = {en},
	number = {1},
	urldate = {2025-04-09},
	journal = {The Australian Journal of Indigenous Education},
	author = {Ava, Aue Te and Page, Angela},
	month = aug,
	year = {2020},
	note = {Number: 1},
	keywords = {education},
	pages = {70--76},
}

This paper explores an Indigenous research methodology, the tivaevae model, and its application within the Cook Islands education system. The article will argue that the cultural values embedded within its framework allow for the successful implementation of this Indigenous methodology. The model draws from tivaevae, or artistic quilting, and is both an applique process and a product of the Cook Islands. It is unique to the Cook Islands and plays an important part in the lives of Cook Islanders. The tivaevae model will be explained in detail, describing how patchwork creative pieces come together to create a story and can be used as a metaphor of the past, present and future integration of social, historical, spiritual, religious, economic and political representations of Cook Island culture. Further, the paper will then make links with the model to teaching and learning, by exploring secondary schools’ health and physical education policy and practices. Finally, the efficacy of the model in this context and its research implications will then be discussed.

@article{wynne_who_2019,
	title = {Who {Holds} the {Power} for {Change}?},
	copyright = {Copyright (c) 2019 Junctures: The Journal for Thematic Dialogue},
	issn = {1179-8912},
	url = {https://www.junctures.org/index.php/junctures/article/view/361},
	doi = {10.34074/junc.20011},
	abstract = {Is the indigenisation of an organization possible if we have not first acknowledged the machinery that has ensured and sustained indigenous people, their thought, their ways and their world view, subjugated for another and considered less than if not of little or any value, and especially when we consider the realm of academia and education.Maybe before we consider the opportunity for Indigenisation, we first consider the question as to whether we can have meaningful engagement without first deconstructing the Masters house, but can we effectively do this with the same master’s tools that built it.  Meaning can those that hold power be the ones that determine how and where and with whom this power should then be shared. Should this sharing be initiated by the same system that created disparity or instead by those who were diminished because of it?Who has the power to inculcate indigenization into a dominant culture; the system and power that created the space between our worlds, or the people who have maintained their existence despite the historical and real power structures that continue to this day to strip self-determination from indigenous communities?},
	language = {en},
	number = {20},
	urldate = {2025-04-30},
	journal = {Junctures: The Journal for Thematic Dialogue},
	author = {Wynne, Thomas Tarurongo},
	month = nov,
	year = {2019},
	note = {Number: 20},
}

Is the indigenisation of an organization possible if we have not first acknowledged the machinery that has ensured and sustained indigenous people, their thought, their ways and their world view, subjugated for another and considered less than if not of little or any value, and especially when we consider the realm of academia and education.Maybe before we consider the opportunity for Indigenisation, we first consider the question as to whether we can have meaningful engagement without first deconstructing the Masters house, but can we effectively do this with the same master’s tools that built it.  Meaning can those that hold power be the ones that determine how and where and with whom this power should then be shared. Should this sharing be initiated by the same system that created disparity or instead by those who were diminished because of it?Who has the power to inculcate indigenization into a dominant culture; the system and power that created the space between our worlds, or the people who have maintained their existence despite the historical and real power structures that continue to this day to strip self-determination from indigenous communities?

@article{futter-puati_stitching_2019,
	title = {Stitching tivaevae: a {Cook} {Islands} research method},
	volume = {15},
	issn = {1177-1801},
	number = {2},
	journal = {AlterNative: An International Journal of Indigenous Peoples},
	author = {Futter-Puati, Debi and Maua-Hodges, Teremoana},
	year = {2019},
	note = {Publisher: SAGE Publications Sage UK: London, England},
	pages = {140--149},
}

@article{futter-puati_apiianga_2017,
	title = {Api’ianga tupuanga kopapa: {Sexuality} education in the {Cook} {Islands}.},
	author = {Futter-Puati, D},
	year = {2017},
}

@article{futter-puati_promoting_2014,
	title = {Promoting health and wellbeing through relationship education},
	author = {Futter-Puati, Debi and Gillespie, Lorna and Tasker, Gillian},
	year = {2014},
}

@article{futter-puati_partnerships_2014,
	title = {Partnerships for health: {Decimating} tuberculosis in the {Cook} {Islands}, 1920–1975},
	volume = {25},
	issn = {1353-8292},
	shorttitle = {Partnerships for health},
	url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1353829213001391},
	doi = {10.1016/j.healthplace.2013.10.006},
	abstract = {How did the Cook Islands manage to achieve a significant reduction in tuberculosis from a high rate in the early 20th century to low rates by 1975? With the mid-century invention of effective drug therapy there was a widespread belief around the Western world that TB could be eradicated. The Cook Islands was one place which almost reached this goal. Based on primary and secondary historical and anthropological research, we argue that the geo-political emplacement of the Cook Islands and development of multi-scale partnerships were crucial to success. Our research indicates the value of understanding and engaging with local community networks and culturally appropriate partnerships in dealing with health issues.},
	urldate = {2025-04-09},
	journal = {Health \& Place},
	author = {Futter-Puati, Debbie and Bryder, Linda and Park, Julie and Littleton, Judith and Herda, Phyllis},
	month = jan,
	year = {2014},
	keywords = {Health promotion, History, Pacific–Cook Islands, Partnership, Tuberculosis},
	pages = {10--18},
}

How did the Cook Islands manage to achieve a significant reduction in tuberculosis from a high rate in the early 20th century to low rates by 1975? With the mid-century invention of effective drug therapy there was a widespread belief around the Western world that TB could be eradicated. The Cook Islands was one place which almost reached this goal. Based on primary and secondary historical and anthropological research, we argue that the geo-political emplacement of the Cook Islands and development of multi-scale partnerships were crucial to success. Our research indicates the value of understanding and engaging with local community networks and culturally appropriate partnerships in dealing with health issues.

@incollection{futter_cook_2009,
	address = {New York, NY},
	title = {Cook {Islands}},
	isbn = {978-0-387-92269-0},
	url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-92269-0_29},
	abstract = {The Cook Islands is made up of 15 islands and atolls lying in the South Pacific Ocean, south of Hawaii and west of Tahiti. Spread across a zone of nearly 2 million km2, they comprise a total land area of only 240 km2. The Cook Islands is a self-governing nation with a population of approximately 15,000 people. Tourism is the major income source for the Cook Islands, with no major export or other income potential.},
	language = {en},
	urldate = {2025-04-08},
	booktitle = {Case {Studies} in {Global} {School} {Health} {Promotion}: {From} {Research} to {Practice}},
	publisher = {Springer},
	author = {Futter, Debi},
	editor = {Aldinger, Carmen E. and Vince Whitman, Cheryl},
	year = {2009},
	doi = {10.1007/978-0-387-92269-0_29},
	keywords = {Cook Island, Curriculum Document, Physical Activity, Physical Education Lesson, South Pacific Ocean},
	pages = {387--393},
}

The Cook Islands is made up of 15 islands and atolls lying in the South Pacific Ocean, south of Hawaii and west of Tahiti. Spread across a zone of nearly 2 million km2, they comprise a total land area of only 240 km2. The Cook Islands is a self-governing nation with a population of approximately 15,000 people. Tourism is the major income source for the Cook Islands, with no major export or other income potential.

@misc{noauthor_birth_nodate,
	title = {Birth {Weight} and {Adolescent} {Health} {Indicators} in {Rarotonga}, {Cook} {Islands} - {Siobhan} {Tu}’akoi, {Jacquie} {L}. {Bay}, {Yin} {Yin} {May} {Aung}, {Neti} {Tamarua}-{Herman}, {Celeste} {Barrett}-{Watson}, {Karen} {Tairea}, {Mark} {H}. {Vickers}, 2022},
	url = {https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/10105395211046763},
	urldate = {2025-05-06},
}

@misc{noauthor_title_nodate,
	title = {Title: {Ora}'anga {Meitaki} no te {Vainetini}: {Cook} {Islands} {Women}'s {Wellbeing} in the {Context} of {Abortion}},
	shorttitle = {Title},
	url = {https://www.researchgate.net/publication/375693576_Title_Ora'anga_Meitaki_no_te_Vainetini_Cook_Islands_Women's_Wellbeing_in_the_Context_of_Abortion},
	abstract = {Access 135+ million publications and connect with 20+ million researchers. Join for free and gain visibility by uploading your research.},
	language = {en},
	urldate = {2025-05-06},
	journal = {ResearchGate},
}

Access 135+ million publications and connect with 20+ million researchers. Join for free and gain visibility by uploading your research.