@inbook{
 type = {inbook},
 year = {2023},
 pages = {123-140},
 publisher = {ROUTLEDGE},
 edition = {1st},
 chapter = {Nowcasting of selected imports and exports of Bangladesh: Comparison among traditional time series model and machine learning models},
 id = {671b2d1b-a4e7-3748-b088-1dd61f4a7312},
 created = {2022-10-01T21:05:09.879Z},
 file_attached = {false},
 profile_id = {3d6b17c2-7de8-3a82-bf4f-ddb0e3081e5f},
 last_modified = {2023-04-14T23:17:03.942Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {true},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 source_type = {CHAP},
 private_publication = {false},
 bibtype = {inbook},
 author = {Hossain, Md Moyazzem and Abdulla, F and Rahman, A},
 editor = {Harjule, Priyanka and Rahman, Azizur and Agarwal, Basant and Tiwari, Vinita},
 doi = {10.1201/9781003253051-8},
 title = {Computational Statistical Methodologies and Modeling for Artificial Intelligence}
}

@article{
 title = {Factors influencing plasma donation behavior of COVID-19 recovered patients in Bangladesh: A pilot study},
 type = {article},
 year = {2023},
 keywords = {Sars-CoV-2,antibodies sharing,convalescent plasma (cp),correlation matrix,factor analysis},
 pages = {e974},
 volume = {6},
 websites = {https://doi.org/10.1002/hsr2.974},
 month = {1},
 publisher = {John Wiley & Sons, Ltd},
 day = {1},
 id = {4ae87d30-7b77-34e8-bf5a-42d7cd08eb24},
 created = {2022-12-04T22:18:34.211Z},
 file_attached = {false},
 profile_id = {3d6b17c2-7de8-3a82-bf4f-ddb0e3081e5f},
 last_modified = {2022-12-04T22:18:34.211Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {true},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 source_type = {JOUR},
 notes = {https://doi.org/10.1002/hsr2.974},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {Abstract Background and Aim The COVID-19 pandemic has plagued our lives for more than 2 years, and the preference for convalescent plasma (CP) as a life-saving treatment since CP has proven as a potential therapeutic option for acute COVID-19 patients who were suffering from severe disease. It is important to identify which factors are associated with plasma donation. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the associated factors for CP donation to COVID-19 patients. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted online from December 21, 2021 to February 15, 2022 to identify different socio-demographic factors and knowledge related to CP donation. People who recovered from the COVID-19 infections and those who are willing to participate were included in the study. A total of 60 participants were included in the study. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, correlation matrix, and factor analysis. Results The analysis results confirm that 41.67% (n?=?25) of the participants aged 26?30 years; among the recovered patients, only about 23% (n?=?14) of the participants donated plasma. Though 97% (n?=?58) of the participants agreed to donate plasma when it will be needed, however, when someone asked to donate plasma then 76.67% (n?=?46) of the patients declined it. Findings depict that gender had a weak positive relationship with ever decline in plasma donation at 5% level of significance and the age of the participants inversely related to plasma donation. Conclusion Almost all the recovered participants were willing to donate plasma, however, due to a lack of knowledge and misconception, relatively few people actually did. This study reemphasizes the importance of health education to overcome the misconception about plasma donation, which is crucial for the treatment of COVID-19 infection.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Salma, Nahid and Hossain, Md. Moyazzem and Yasmin, Sabina and Alam, Muhammad Khairul and Rimon, Ahsan Rajvee and Faruque, Jobaer and Ali, Mohammad},
 doi = {https://doi.org/10.1002/hsr2.974},
 journal = {Health Science Reports},
 number = {1}
}

Abstract Background and Aim The COVID-19 pandemic has plagued our lives for more than 2 years, and the preference for convalescent plasma (CP) as a life-saving treatment since CP has proven as a potential therapeutic option for acute COVID-19 patients who were suffering from severe disease. It is important to identify which factors are associated with plasma donation. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the associated factors for CP donation to COVID-19 patients. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted online from December 21, 2021 to February 15, 2022 to identify different socio-demographic factors and knowledge related to CP donation. People who recovered from the COVID-19 infections and those who are willing to participate were included in the study. A total of 60 participants were included in the study. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, correlation matrix, and factor analysis. Results The analysis results confirm that 41.67% (n?=?25) of the participants aged 26?30 years; among the recovered patients, only about 23% (n?=?14) of the participants donated plasma. Though 97% (n?=?58) of the participants agreed to donate plasma when it will be needed, however, when someone asked to donate plasma then 76.67% (n?=?46) of the patients declined it. Findings depict that gender had a weak positive relationship with ever decline in plasma donation at 5% level of significance and the age of the participants inversely related to plasma donation. Conclusion Almost all the recovered participants were willing to donate plasma, however, due to a lack of knowledge and misconception, relatively few people actually did. This study reemphasizes the importance of health education to overcome the misconception about plasma donation, which is crucial for the treatment of COVID-19 infection.

@article{
 title = {Prevalence and risk predictors of childhood stunting in Bangladesh},
 type = {article},
 year = {2023},
 pages = {e0279901},
 volume = {18},
 month = {1},
 publisher = {Public Library of Science},
 day = {26},
 id = {3c78515b-84b0-33dd-9422-afc07832ded1},
 created = {2023-01-26T19:03:03.009Z},
 file_attached = {false},
 profile_id = {3d6b17c2-7de8-3a82-bf4f-ddb0e3081e5f},
 last_modified = {2023-03-17T21:30:42.933Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {true},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 source_type = {JOUR},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {Background The child nutritional status of a country is a potential indicator of socioeconomic development. Child malnutrition is still the leading cause of severe health and welfare problems across Bangladesh. The most prevalent form of child malnutrition, stunting, is a serious public health issue in many low and middle-income countries. This study aimed to investigate the heterogeneous effect of some child, maternal, household, and health-related predictors, along with the quantiles of the conditional distribution of Z-score for height-for-age (HAZ) of under five children in Bangladesh. Methods and materials In this study, a sample of 8,321 children under five years of age was studied from BDHS-2017-18. The chi-square test was mainly used to identify the significant predictors of the HAZ score and sequential quantile regression was used to estimate the heterogeneous effect of the significant predictors at different quantiles of the conditional HAZ distribution. Results The findings revealed that female children were significantly shorter than their male counterparts except at the 75th quantile. It was also discovered that children aged 7–47 months were disadvantaged, but children aged 48–59 months were advantaged in terms of height over children aged 6 months or younger. Moreover, children with a higher birth order had significantly lower HAZ scores than 1st birth order children. In addition, home delivery, the duration of breastfeeding, and the BCG vaccine and vitamin A received status were found to have varied significant negative associations with the HAZ score. As well, seven or fewer antenatal care visits was negatively associated with the HAZ score, but more than seven antenatal care visits was positively associated with the HAZ score. Additionally, children who lived in urban areas and whose mothers were over 18 years and either normal weight or overweight had a significant height advantage. Furthermore, parental secondary or higher education had a significant positive but varied effect across the conditional HAZ distribution, except for the mother’s education, at the 50th quantile. Children from wealthier families were also around 0.30 standard deviations (SD) taller than those from the poorest families. Religion also had a significant relationship with the conditional HAZ distribution in favor of non-Muslim children. Conclusions To enhance children’s nutritional levels, intervention measures should be designed considering the estimated heterogeneous effect of the risk factors. This would accelerate the progress towards achieving the targets of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) related to child and maternal health in Bangladesh by 2030.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Abdulla, Faruq and Rahman, Azizur and Hossain, Md. Moyazzem},
 doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0279901},
 journal = {PLOS ONE},
 number = {1}
}

Background The child nutritional status of a country is a potential indicator of socioeconomic development. Child malnutrition is still the leading cause of severe health and welfare problems across Bangladesh. The most prevalent form of child malnutrition, stunting, is a serious public health issue in many low and middle-income countries. This study aimed to investigate the heterogeneous effect of some child, maternal, household, and health-related predictors, along with the quantiles of the conditional distribution of Z-score for height-for-age (HAZ) of under five children in Bangladesh. Methods and materials In this study, a sample of 8,321 children under five years of age was studied from BDHS-2017-18. The chi-square test was mainly used to identify the significant predictors of the HAZ score and sequential quantile regression was used to estimate the heterogeneous effect of the significant predictors at different quantiles of the conditional HAZ distribution. Results The findings revealed that female children were significantly shorter than their male counterparts except at the 75th quantile. It was also discovered that children aged 7–47 months were disadvantaged, but children aged 48–59 months were advantaged in terms of height over children aged 6 months or younger. Moreover, children with a higher birth order had significantly lower HAZ scores than 1st birth order children. In addition, home delivery, the duration of breastfeeding, and the BCG vaccine and vitamin A received status were found to have varied significant negative associations with the HAZ score. As well, seven or fewer antenatal care visits was negatively associated with the HAZ score, but more than seven antenatal care visits was positively associated with the HAZ score. Additionally, children who lived in urban areas and whose mothers were over 18 years and either normal weight or overweight had a significant height advantage. Furthermore, parental secondary or higher education had a significant positive but varied effect across the conditional HAZ distribution, except for the mother’s education, at the 50th quantile. Children from wealthier families were also around 0.30 standard deviations (SD) taller than those from the poorest families. Religion also had a significant relationship with the conditional HAZ distribution in favor of non-Muslim children. Conclusions To enhance children’s nutritional levels, intervention measures should be designed considering the estimated heterogeneous effect of the risk factors. This would accelerate the progress towards achieving the targets of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) related to child and maternal health in Bangladesh by 2030.

@article{
 title = {Risk factors of caesarean deliveries in urban–rural areas of Bangladesh},
 type = {article},
 year = {2023},
 pages = {1101400},
 volume = {5},
 id = {ddc6d479-694e-362c-b6c0-2f3584766ffb},
 created = {2023-02-15T22:30:25.455Z},
 file_attached = {false},
 profile_id = {3d6b17c2-7de8-3a82-bf4f-ddb0e3081e5f},
 last_modified = {2023-02-15T22:30:25.455Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {true},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 source_type = {JOUR},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {<sec>Background and aimsThe key interest of this research is to identify the causes of the ongoing increasing trends in caesarean section or C-section (CS) deliveries in both urban and rural areas of Bangladesh.</sec><sec>MethodsThis study analyzed all Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey (BDHS) datasets through Chi-square and z tests and the multivariable logistic regression model.</sec><sec>ResultsCS deliveries were found to be more prevalent in urban than in rural areas of Bangladesh. Mothers above 19 years, above 16 years at first birth, overweight mothers, those with higher educational levels, those who received more than one antenatal care (ANC) visit, fathers having secondary/higher education degrees and employed as workers or in business, and mothers living in wealthy households in the cities of Dhaka, Khulna, Mymensingh, Rajshahi, and Rangpur divisions had a significantly higher likelihood of CS deliveries in urban areas. Contrastingly, mothers with ages between 20 and 39 years, above 20 years at first birth, normal weight/overweight mothers, those with primary to higher level of education, those in the business profession, fathers who also received primary to higher education, mothers who received more than one ANC visit, and those living in wealthy households in Dhaka, Khulna, Mymensingh, Rajshahi, and Rangpur divisions were more likely to have CS deliveries in rural areas. The 45–49 age group mothers had a five times higher likelihood of CS deliveries [odds ratio (OR): 5.39] in urban areas than in rural areas. Wealthy mothers were more likely to be CS-delivered in urban (OR: 4.84) than in rural areas (OR: 3.67).</sec><sec>ConclusionThe findings reveal a gradual upward alarming trend in CS deliveries with an unequal contribution of significant determinants in urban and rural areas of Bangladesh. Therefore, integrated community-level awareness programs are an urgent need in accordance with the findings on the risks of CS and the benefits of vaginal deliveries in this country.</sec>},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Abdulla, Faruq and Hossain, Md. Moyazzem and Rahman, Md. Mahabubur and Rahman, Md. Siddikur and Rahman, Azizur},
 doi = {10.3389/frph.2023.1101400},
 journal = {Frontiers in Reproductive Health}
}

Background and aimsThe key interest of this research is to identify the causes of the ongoing increasing trends in caesarean section or C-section (CS) deliveries in both urban and rural areas of Bangladesh.MethodsThis study analyzed all Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey (BDHS) datasets through Chi-square and z tests and the multivariable logistic regression model.ResultsCS deliveries were found to be more prevalent in urban than in rural areas of Bangladesh. Mothers above 19 years, above 16 years at first birth, overweight mothers, those with higher educational levels, those who received more than one antenatal care (ANC) visit, fathers having secondary/higher education degrees and employed as workers or in business, and mothers living in wealthy households in the cities of Dhaka, Khulna, Mymensingh, Rajshahi, and Rangpur divisions had a significantly higher likelihood of CS deliveries in urban areas. Contrastingly, mothers with ages between 20 and 39 years, above 20 years at first birth, normal weight/overweight mothers, those with primary to higher level of education, those in the business profession, fathers who also received primary to higher education, mothers who received more than one ANC visit, and those living in wealthy households in Dhaka, Khulna, Mymensingh, Rajshahi, and Rangpur divisions were more likely to have CS deliveries in rural areas. The 45–49 age group mothers had a five times higher likelihood of CS deliveries [odds ratio (OR): 5.39] in urban areas than in rural areas. Wealthy mothers were more likely to be CS-delivered in urban (OR: 4.84) than in rural areas (OR: 3.67).ConclusionThe findings reveal a gradual upward alarming trend in CS deliveries with an unequal contribution of significant determinants in urban and rural areas of Bangladesh. Therefore, integrated community-level awareness programs are an urgent need in accordance with the findings on the risks of CS and the benefits of vaginal deliveries in this country.

@article{
 title = {Prevalence, determinants and consequences of problematic smartphone use among preschoolers (3–5 years) from Dhaka, Bangladesh: A cross-sectional investigation},
 type = {article},
 year = {2023},
 keywords = {Bangladesh,Cognitive development,Mental and physical health problem,Preschooler,Problematic smartphone use,Smartphone},
 pages = {413-427},
 volume = {329},
 id = {48b5cc5b-03cb-39f0-bee4-35e9461db6a4},
 created = {2023-03-02T20:18:28.941Z},
 file_attached = {false},
 profile_id = {3d6b17c2-7de8-3a82-bf4f-ddb0e3081e5f},
 last_modified = {2023-04-13T18:33:37.799Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {true},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 source_type = {JOUR},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {The problematic smartphone use (PSU) has been becoming a challenging health issue for preschoolers aged 3–5 years as it has severe adverse effect on their psychological, physical, and cognitive development. The scarcity of scientific research on this issue in the context of Bangladesh motivated the authors for conducting this cross-sectional study to explore the prevalence of PSU with its influential factors and adverse effects on preschooler's psychological and physical development based on primary data collected from 400 mothers. The multivariable ordinal logistic regression (OLR) was used to compute the adjusted likelihoods. The estimated prevalence of PSU was approximately 86 %, where about 29 % were severely problematic user. The likelihood of preschoolers' PSU was observed to increase with >1 h/day usage of smartphone by children (Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR): 3.92). Other important factors were parental smartphone use, education, profession, family income, and mother's age. Both of moderate and severe PSU had adverse effect on preschoolers' health- severe PSU was found to increase the likelihood of psychological and physical problems by 6.03 and 3.29 times, respectively. The preschoolers with PSU reported to suffer from many physical and mental health problems such as attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), emotional instability, aggressiveness, depression, lack of control, impaired vision and hearing, obesity, body imbalance, and lack of brain development. It is now prime time to undertake strategic policies considering the findings for limiting the preschoolers' usage of smartphone, which will make Bangladesh susceptible to protect its future generation from harmful effects of PSU.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Abdulla, Faruq and Hossain, Md. Moyazzem and Huq, Mohammed Nazmul and Hai, Abdul and Rahman, Azizur and Kabir, Russell and Peya, Farhana Jahan and Islam, Sinigdha and Khan, T A Hafiz},
 doi = {10.1016/j.jad.2023.02.094},
 journal = {Journal of Affective Disorders}
}

The problematic smartphone use (PSU) has been becoming a challenging health issue for preschoolers aged 3–5 years as it has severe adverse effect on their psychological, physical, and cognitive development. The scarcity of scientific research on this issue in the context of Bangladesh motivated the authors for conducting this cross-sectional study to explore the prevalence of PSU with its influential factors and adverse effects on preschooler's psychological and physical development based on primary data collected from 400 mothers. The multivariable ordinal logistic regression (OLR) was used to compute the adjusted likelihoods. The estimated prevalence of PSU was approximately 86 %, where about 29 % were severely problematic user. The likelihood of preschoolers' PSU was observed to increase with >1 h/day usage of smartphone by children (Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR): 3.92). Other important factors were parental smartphone use, education, profession, family income, and mother's age. Both of moderate and severe PSU had adverse effect on preschoolers' health- severe PSU was found to increase the likelihood of psychological and physical problems by 6.03 and 3.29 times, respectively. The preschoolers with PSU reported to suffer from many physical and mental health problems such as attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), emotional instability, aggressiveness, depression, lack of control, impaired vision and hearing, obesity, body imbalance, and lack of brain development. It is now prime time to undertake strategic policies considering the findings for limiting the preschoolers' usage of smartphone, which will make Bangladesh susceptible to protect its future generation from harmful effects of PSU.

@article{
 title = {The Exponentiated Cotangent Generalized Distributions: Characteristics and Applications Patients of Chemotherapy Treatments Data},
 type = {article},
 year = {2023},
 pages = {35697 - 35709},
 volume = {11},
 id = {7a96d414-8d4f-3c5e-92bc-4d38fb5d8ef2},
 created = {2023-03-13T21:08:36.309Z},
 file_attached = {false},
 profile_id = {3d6b17c2-7de8-3a82-bf4f-ddb0e3081e5f},
 last_modified = {2023-04-14T23:13:41.728Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {true},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 source_type = {JOUR},
 private_publication = {false},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Tashkandy, Y A and Nagy, M and Akbar, M and Mahmood, Z and Gemeay, A M and Hossain, M M and Muse, A H},
 doi = {10.1109/ACCESS.2023.3256525},
 journal = {IEEE Access}
}

@article{
 title = {The novel Kumaraswamy power Frechet distribution with data analysis related to diverse scientific areas},
 type = {article},
 year = {2023},
 keywords = {Kumaraswamy-G family,Mean square error,Moments,Monte Carlo simulation,Power Frechet distribution},
 pages = {651-664},
 volume = {70},
 websites = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1110016823001576},
 id = {3e0545d9-7e92-3775-9db8-6da660298b05},
 created = {2023-03-16T22:06:27.201Z},
 file_attached = {false},
 profile_id = {3d6b17c2-7de8-3a82-bf4f-ddb0e3081e5f},
 last_modified = {2023-03-16T22:06:27.201Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {true},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 source_type = {JOUR},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {The study’s major goal is to design a superior creative distribution by using the Kumaraswamy-G family of distributions to power Frechet distribution. The Kumaraswamy power Frechet distribution (KPFD) with four parameters is the full name of the revolutionary model. The distribution’s probability density function may take numerous forms and graphs and can be used to describe complicated data sets efficiently. Several features of the new distribution are obtained, including dependability, hazard rate, quantile, and moments. The estimation of the unknown parameters of KPFD are provided using the KPFD maximum likelihood estimation technique. Furthermore, a study was performed using the Monte Carlo simulation approach to test estimator accuracy regarding average bias (AB) and mean square error (MSE). Last but not least, two genuine data sets are supplied to compare the proposed model to existing models.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Alsadat, Najwan and Ahmad, Aijaz and Jallal, Muzamil and Gemeay, Ahmed M and Meraou, Mohammed A and Hussam, Eslam and M.Elmetwally, Ehab and Hossain, Md. Moyazzem},
 doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aej.2023.03.003},
 journal = {Alexandria Engineering Journal}
}

The study’s major goal is to design a superior creative distribution by using the Kumaraswamy-G family of distributions to power Frechet distribution. The Kumaraswamy power Frechet distribution (KPFD) with four parameters is the full name of the revolutionary model. The distribution’s probability density function may take numerous forms and graphs and can be used to describe complicated data sets efficiently. Several features of the new distribution are obtained, including dependability, hazard rate, quantile, and moments. The estimation of the unknown parameters of KPFD are provided using the KPFD maximum likelihood estimation technique. Furthermore, a study was performed using the Monte Carlo simulation approach to test estimator accuracy regarding average bias (AB) and mean square error (MSE). Last but not least, two genuine data sets are supplied to compare the proposed model to existing models.

@article{
 title = {Modeling COVID-19 Real Data Set by a New Extension of Haq Distribution},
 type = {article},
 year = {2023},
 keywords = {COVID-19,Haq distribution,estimation,modeling,simulation},
 pages = {327},
 volume = {12},
 id = {39be0bbb-96bf-386f-bedd-b8d98bee523b},
 created = {2023-03-28T22:11:19.472Z},
 file_attached = {false},
 profile_id = {3d6b17c2-7de8-3a82-bf4f-ddb0e3081e5f},
 last_modified = {2023-03-28T22:11:19.472Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {true},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 source_type = {EJOUR},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {Modeling real-life pandemics is very important; this study focuses on introducing a new superior flexible extension of the asymmetric Haq distribution known as the power Haq distribution (PHD). The most fundamental mathematical properties are derived. We determine its parameters using ten estimation methods. The asymptotic behavior of its estimators is investigated through simulation, and a comparison is done to find out the most efficient method for estimating the parameters of the distribution under consideration. We use a sample for the COVID-19 data set to evaluate the proposed model’s performance and usefulness in fitting the data set in comparison to other well-known models.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Tashkandy, Yusra and Bakr, Mahmoud E and Gemeay, Ahmed M and Hussam, Eslam and Abd El-Raouf, Mahmoud M and Hossain, Md M},
 doi = {10.3390/axioms12040327},
 journal = {Axioms},
 number = {4}
}

Modeling real-life pandemics is very important; this study focuses on introducing a new superior flexible extension of the asymmetric Haq distribution known as the power Haq distribution (PHD). The most fundamental mathematical properties are derived. We determine its parameters using ten estimation methods. The asymptotic behavior of its estimators is investigated through simulation, and a comparison is done to find out the most efficient method for estimating the parameters of the distribution under consideration. We use a sample for the COVID-19 data set to evaluate the proposed model’s performance and usefulness in fitting the data set in comparison to other well-known models.

@article{
 title = {Relationships between total reserve and financial indicators of Bangladesh: Application of generalized additive model},
 type = {article},
 year = {2023},
 pages = {e0284179},
 volume = {18},
 publisher = {Public Library of Science},
 id = {056e2534-af30-381c-8fc7-8eab595b6f14},
 created = {2023-04-08T10:08:20.899Z},
 file_attached = {false},
 profile_id = {3d6b17c2-7de8-3a82-bf4f-ddb0e3081e5f},
 last_modified = {2023-04-13T18:33:17.441Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {true},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 source_type = {JOUR},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {Background The reserve of a country is a reflection of the strength of fulfilling its financial liabilities. However, during the past several years, a regular variation of the total reserve has been observed on a global scale. The reserve of Bangladesh is also influenced by several economic and financial indicators such as total debt, net foreign assets, net domestic credit, inflation GDP deflator, net exports (% of GDP), and imports of goods and services (% of GDP), as well as foreign direct investment, GNI growth, official exchange rate, personal remittances, and so on. Therefore, the authors aimed to identify the nature of the relationship and influence of economic indicators on the total reserve of Bangladesh using a suitable statistical model. Methods and materials To meet the objective of this study, the secondary data set was extracted from the World Bank’s website which is openly accessible over the period 1976 to 2020. Moreover, the model used the appropriate splines to describe the non-linearity. The performance of the model was evaluated by the Akaike information criterion (AIC), Bayesian information criterion (BIC), and adjusted R-square. Results The total reserve of Bangladesh gradually increased since 2001, and it reached its peak in 2020 which was 43172 billion US dollars. The data were first utilized to build a multiple linear regression model as a base model, but it was later found that the model has severe multicollinearity problems, with a maximum value of VIF for GNI of 499.63. Findings revealed that total debt, inflation, import, and export are showing a non-linear relationship with the total reserve in Bangladesh. Therefore, the authors applied the Generalized Additive Model (GAM) model to take advantage of the nonlinear relationship between the reserve and the selected covariates. The overall response, which is linearly tied to the net foreign asset in the GAM model, will change by 14.43 USD for every unit change in the net foreign asset. It is observed that the GAM model performs better than the multiple linear regression. Conclusion A non-linear relationship is observed between the total reserve and different economic indicators of Bangladesh. The authors believed that this study will be beneficial to the government, monetary authorities also to the people of the country to better understand the economy.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Salan, Md. Sifat Ar and Naznin, Mahabuba and Pandit, Bristy and Sumon, Imran Hossain and Hossain, Md. Moyazzem and Kabir, Mohammad Alamgir and Majumder, Ajit Kumar},
 doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0284179},
 journal = {PLOS ONE},
 number = {4}
}

Background The reserve of a country is a reflection of the strength of fulfilling its financial liabilities. However, during the past several years, a regular variation of the total reserve has been observed on a global scale. The reserve of Bangladesh is also influenced by several economic and financial indicators such as total debt, net foreign assets, net domestic credit, inflation GDP deflator, net exports (% of GDP), and imports of goods and services (% of GDP), as well as foreign direct investment, GNI growth, official exchange rate, personal remittances, and so on. Therefore, the authors aimed to identify the nature of the relationship and influence of economic indicators on the total reserve of Bangladesh using a suitable statistical model. Methods and materials To meet the objective of this study, the secondary data set was extracted from the World Bank’s website which is openly accessible over the period 1976 to 2020. Moreover, the model used the appropriate splines to describe the non-linearity. The performance of the model was evaluated by the Akaike information criterion (AIC), Bayesian information criterion (BIC), and adjusted R-square. Results The total reserve of Bangladesh gradually increased since 2001, and it reached its peak in 2020 which was 43172 billion US dollars. The data were first utilized to build a multiple linear regression model as a base model, but it was later found that the model has severe multicollinearity problems, with a maximum value of VIF for GNI of 499.63. Findings revealed that total debt, inflation, import, and export are showing a non-linear relationship with the total reserve in Bangladesh. Therefore, the authors applied the Generalized Additive Model (GAM) model to take advantage of the nonlinear relationship between the reserve and the selected covariates. The overall response, which is linearly tied to the net foreign asset in the GAM model, will change by 14.43 USD for every unit change in the net foreign asset. It is observed that the GAM model performs better than the multiple linear regression. Conclusion A non-linear relationship is observed between the total reserve and different economic indicators of Bangladesh. The authors believed that this study will be beneficial to the government, monetary authorities also to the people of the country to better understand the economy.

@article{
 title = {New logarithmic type imputation techniques in presence of measurement errors},
 type = {article},
 year = {2023},
 keywords = {Imputation,Measurement errors,Missing data},
 pages = {707-730},
 volume = {71},
 id = {a70c3eba-84b1-36f2-bb85-4a809d1009b6},
 created = {2023-04-08T10:59:22.904Z},
 file_attached = {false},
 profile_id = {3d6b17c2-7de8-3a82-bf4f-ddb0e3081e5f},
 last_modified = {2023-04-29T15:11:44.255Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {true},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 source_type = {JOUR},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {Several imputation techniques have been constructed to sort out the missing data issue. However, there are few papers that address the missing data issue in measurement error (ME). This article proposes some logarithmic type imputation techniques to tackle the missing data issue when the data are commingled with ME. The proffered imputation techniques’ mean square error is calculated to a first order approximation. The relative performance of the suggested imputation techniques against the contemporary imputation techniques is performed. Furthermore, the theoretical results are exemplified using an extensive simulation study based on artificially generated population. The appropriate recommendations have been suggested to the surveyors for real-life problems.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Bhushan, Shashi and Kumar, Anoop and Shukla, Shivam and Bakr, M E and Tashkandy, Yusra A and Hossain, Md. Moyazzem},
 doi = {10.1016/j.aej.2023.03.035},
 journal = {Alexandria Engineering Journal}
}

Several imputation techniques have been constructed to sort out the missing data issue. However, there are few papers that address the missing data issue in measurement error (ME). This article proposes some logarithmic type imputation techniques to tackle the missing data issue when the data are commingled with ME. The proffered imputation techniques’ mean square error is calculated to a first order approximation. The relative performance of the suggested imputation techniques against the contemporary imputation techniques is performed. Furthermore, the theoretical results are exemplified using an extensive simulation study based on artificially generated population. The appropriate recommendations have been suggested to the surveyors for real-life problems.

@article{
 title = {Prevalence and risk factors of underweight among under-5 children in Bangladesh: evidence from a countrywide cross-sectional study},
 type = {article},
 year = {2023},
 pages = {e0284797},
 volume = {18},
 id = {2448d47b-b97d-30c4-98c5-0c730331a67c},
 created = {2023-04-13T18:29:49.930Z},
 file_attached = {false},
 profile_id = {3d6b17c2-7de8-3a82-bf4f-ddb0e3081e5f},
 last_modified = {2023-04-24T17:58:16.683Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {true},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 private_publication = {false},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Hossain, Md. Moyazzem and Abdulla, Faruq and Rahman, Azizur},
 doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0284797},
 journal = {PLoS ONE},
 number = {4}
}

@article{
 title = {Estimating the potato farming efficiency: A comparative study between stochastic frontier analysis and data envelopment analysis},
 type = {article},
 year = {2023},
 pages = {e0284391},
 volume = {18},
 publisher = {Public Library of Science},
 id = {46ac71ee-bcdc-3bff-89c2-178c5ea07f5a},
 created = {2023-04-13T18:30:10.195Z},
 file_attached = {false},
 profile_id = {3d6b17c2-7de8-3a82-bf4f-ddb0e3081e5f},
 last_modified = {2023-04-13T18:32:20.647Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {true},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 source_type = {JOUR},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {Background The government of Bangladesh has been trying to encourage potato consumption to reduce pressure on rice consumption and earn foreign currency along with ensuring zero hunger that helps to achieve the Sustainable Development Goal. It is necessary to use farmers’ resources and current technology more efficiently to meet the demand. Therefore, the authors aimed to evaluate the farm-level efficiency of potato farming in Bangladesh. Methods and materials The Cobb-Douglas Stochastic Frontier Analysis (SFA) and the input-oriented Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) methods are used to compute farm-level technical, allocative, and economic efficiencies and inefficiency of potato farming. The primary data were collected through interviews of 300 potato farmers from Munshigonj, Rangpur, Dinajpur, and Joypurhat districts of Bangladesh. Results The findings revealed that the efficiency score of the SFA model is higher than the DEA model, which implies that the SFA frontier fits better than the DEA frontier. In the case of DEA, variable returns to scale (VRS) technical efficiency (TE) enveloped data more closely than constant returns to scale (CRS) TE. Results of efficiency suggest significant economic, technical, and allocative inefficiencies in potato farming and there is a scope to increase potato production levels through efficiency improvement. Inefficiency analysis shows that infrastructure and socio-economic factors jointly influence potato production variability. Conclusions The authors suggest for using the SFA to find efficiencies in the agriculture sector. To achieve efficiency in potato production, the government needs to pay attention for improving the allocative and economic efficiencies along with emphasizing to choose the appropriate technology and efficient use of resources for the scale of operation.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Sultana, Shamima and Hossain, Md. Moyazzem and Haque, Md. Nurul},
 doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0284391},
 journal = {PLOS ONE},
 number = {4}
}

Background The government of Bangladesh has been trying to encourage potato consumption to reduce pressure on rice consumption and earn foreign currency along with ensuring zero hunger that helps to achieve the Sustainable Development Goal. It is necessary to use farmers’ resources and current technology more efficiently to meet the demand. Therefore, the authors aimed to evaluate the farm-level efficiency of potato farming in Bangladesh. Methods and materials The Cobb-Douglas Stochastic Frontier Analysis (SFA) and the input-oriented Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) methods are used to compute farm-level technical, allocative, and economic efficiencies and inefficiency of potato farming. The primary data were collected through interviews of 300 potato farmers from Munshigonj, Rangpur, Dinajpur, and Joypurhat districts of Bangladesh. Results The findings revealed that the efficiency score of the SFA model is higher than the DEA model, which implies that the SFA frontier fits better than the DEA frontier. In the case of DEA, variable returns to scale (VRS) technical efficiency (TE) enveloped data more closely than constant returns to scale (CRS) TE. Results of efficiency suggest significant economic, technical, and allocative inefficiencies in potato farming and there is a scope to increase potato production levels through efficiency improvement. Inefficiency analysis shows that infrastructure and socio-economic factors jointly influence potato production variability. Conclusions The authors suggest for using the SFA to find efficiencies in the agriculture sector. To achieve efficiency in potato production, the government needs to pay attention for improving the allocative and economic efficiencies along with emphasizing to choose the appropriate technology and efficient use of resources for the scale of operation.

@article{
 title = {The Inverse XLindley Distribution: Properties and Application},
 type = {article},
 year = {2023},
 pages = {47272-47281},
 volume = {11},
 id = {57d1a0c9-ce04-3a82-9b09-9226f3c54e54},
 created = {2023-04-29T15:11:44.052Z},
 file_attached = {false},
 profile_id = {3d6b17c2-7de8-3a82-bf4f-ddb0e3081e5f},
 last_modified = {2023-05-23T22:31:36.371Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {true},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 source_type = {JOUR},
 private_publication = {false},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Beghriche, A and Tashkandy, Y A and Bakr, M E and Halim, Z and Gemeay, A M and Hossain, M M and Muse, A H},
 doi = {10.1109/ACCESS.2023.3271604},
 journal = {IEEE Access}
}

@article{
 title = {The Markov Bernoulli Lomax with Applications Censored and COVID-19 Drought Mortality Rate Data},
 type = {article},
 year = {2023},
 keywords = {Markov Bernoulli Lomax distribution,Markov Bernoulli geometric model,P-P plot,censored data,countable mixture,model selections},
 pages = {439},
 volume = {12},
 id = {85136f57-9596-37d7-8173-127a2e71643d},
 created = {2023-04-29T15:11:44.063Z},
 file_attached = {false},
 profile_id = {3d6b17c2-7de8-3a82-bf4f-ddb0e3081e5f},
 last_modified = {2023-04-29T15:11:44.063Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {true},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 source_type = {EJOUR},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {In this article, we present a Markov Bernoulli Lomax (MB-L) model, which is obtained by a countable mixture of Markov Bernoulli and Lomax distributions, with decreasing and unimodal hazard rate function (HRF). The new model contains Marshall- Olkin Lomax and Lomax distributions as a special case. The mathematical properties, as behavior of probability density function (PDF), HRF, rth moments, moment generating function (MGF) and minimum (maximum) Markov-Bernoulli Geometric (MBG) stable are studied. Moreover, the estimates of the model parameters by maximum likelihood are obtained. The maximum likelihood estimation (MLE), bias and mean squared error (MSE) of MB-L parameters are inspected by simulation study. Finally, a MB-L distribution was fitted to the randomly censored and COVID-19 (complete) data.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Mohammed, Bahady I and Tashkandy, Yusra A and El-Raouf, Mohmoud M Abd and Hossain, Md. Moyazzem and Bakr, Mahmoud E},
 doi = {10.3390/axioms12050439},
 journal = {Axioms},
 number = {5}
}

In this article, we present a Markov Bernoulli Lomax (MB-L) model, which is obtained by a countable mixture of Markov Bernoulli and Lomax distributions, with decreasing and unimodal hazard rate function (HRF). The new model contains Marshall- Olkin Lomax and Lomax distributions as a special case. The mathematical properties, as behavior of probability density function (PDF), HRF, rth moments, moment generating function (MGF) and minimum (maximum) Markov-Bernoulli Geometric (MBG) stable are studied. Moreover, the estimates of the model parameters by maximum likelihood are obtained. The maximum likelihood estimation (MLE), bias and mean squared error (MSE) of MB-L parameters are inspected by simulation study. Finally, a MB-L distribution was fitted to the randomly censored and COVID-19 (complete) data.

@article{
 title = {New hyperbolic sine-generator with an example of Rayleigh distribution: Simulation and data analysis in industry},
 type = {article},
 year = {2023},
 keywords = {Ageing indicators,Hyperbolic sine function,Maximum likelihood estimation,Moments,Rayleigh distribution,Simulation},
 pages = {415-426},
 volume = {73},
 id = {1305abd6-2af3-38ae-bdb0-854e3a7e7d8c},
 created = {2023-05-12T09:16:00.519Z},
 file_attached = {false},
 profile_id = {3d6b17c2-7de8-3a82-bf4f-ddb0e3081e5f},
 last_modified = {2023-05-18T09:45:30.679Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {true},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 source_type = {JOUR},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {This study focuses on a novel family of distributions inspired by the hyperbolic sine function. The Rayleigh distribution is the base model for the newly formed family of distributions known as the new hyperbolic Sine-Rayleigh distribution. The recommended distribution’s distinct structural traits have been examined. The behaviors of the distributional functions of the proposed model are depicted in several figures. The maximum likelihood estimation procedure is employed to estimate the specified distribution parameters. A simulation study was carried out to examine and evaluate the behavior of the estimators. Moreover, the efficacy of the specified distribution is supported by realistic data sets pertaining to engineering science.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Ahmad, Aijaz and Alsadat, Najwan and Atchadé, Mintodê Nicodème and Qurat ul Ain, S and Gemeay, Ahmed M and Meraou, Mohammed Amine and Almetwally, Ehab M and Hossain, Md. Moyazzem and Hussam, Eslam},
 doi = {10.1016/j.aej.2023.04.048},
 journal = {Alexandria Engineering Journal}
}

This study focuses on a novel family of distributions inspired by the hyperbolic sine function. The Rayleigh distribution is the base model for the newly formed family of distributions known as the new hyperbolic Sine-Rayleigh distribution. The recommended distribution’s distinct structural traits have been examined. The behaviors of the distributional functions of the proposed model are depicted in several figures. The maximum likelihood estimation procedure is employed to estimate the specified distribution parameters. A simulation study was carried out to examine and evaluate the behavior of the estimators. Moreover, the efficacy of the specified distribution is supported by realistic data sets pertaining to engineering science.

@article{
 title = {Correction: Yeasmin, S., Banik, R., Hossain, S., Hossain, M. N., Mahumud, R., Salma, N., & Hossain, M. M. (2020). Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on the mental health of children in Bangladesh: A cross-sectional study. Children and Youth Services Review, 117,},
 type = {article},
 year = {2023},
 pages = {107028},
 id = {d62515fa-27da-369a-a040-af6230dda384},
 created = {2023-05-31T22:38:12.477Z},
 file_attached = {false},
 profile_id = {3d6b17c2-7de8-3a82-bf4f-ddb0e3081e5f},
 last_modified = {2023-05-31T22:44:26.767Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {true},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 source_type = {JOUR},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {COVID-19 pandemic poses a significant mental health threat among children in Bangladesh. This study aims to explore the impact of COVID-19 on the mental health of children during the lockdown in Bangladesh. An online cross-sectional study was conducted from 25th April to 9th May 2020 among 384 parents having at least one child aged between 5–15 years using non-probability sampling. K-means clustering used to group children according to mental health score and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) performed to identify the relationship among the parental behavior and child mental health, and also these associations were assessed through chi-square test. Children were classified into four groups where 43% of child had subthreshold mental disturbances (mean Major Depressive Disorder (MDD)-10; 2.8), 30.5% had mild (mean MDD-10; 8.9), 19.3% suffered moderately (mean MDD-10; 15.9), and 7.2% of child suffered from severe disturbances (mean MDD-10; 25.2). The higher percentage of mental health disturbances of children with the higher education level of parents, relative infected by COVID-19 (yes), parents still need to go the workplace (yes), and parent’s abnormal behavior but lower to their counterparts. This paper demonstrates large proportions of children are suffering from mental health disturbances in Bangladesh during the period of lockdown. Implementation of psychological intervention strategies and improvement in house-hold financial conditions, literacy of parents, taking care of children, and job security may help in improving the psychological/mental status of children and the authors believe that the findings will be beneficial to accelerate the rate of achieving the Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) linked to health status in Bangladesh.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Yeasmin, Sabina and Banik, Rajon and Hossain, Sorif and Hossain, Md. Nazmul and Mahumud, Raju and Salma, Nahid and Hossain, Md. Moyazzem},
 doi = {10.1016/j.childyouth.2023.107028},
 journal = {Children and Youth Services Review}
}

COVID-19 pandemic poses a significant mental health threat among children in Bangladesh. This study aims to explore the impact of COVID-19 on the mental health of children during the lockdown in Bangladesh. An online cross-sectional study was conducted from 25th April to 9th May 2020 among 384 parents having at least one child aged between 5–15 years using non-probability sampling. K-means clustering used to group children according to mental health score and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) performed to identify the relationship among the parental behavior and child mental health, and also these associations were assessed through chi-square test. Children were classified into four groups where 43% of child had subthreshold mental disturbances (mean Major Depressive Disorder (MDD)-10; 2.8), 30.5% had mild (mean MDD-10; 8.9), 19.3% suffered moderately (mean MDD-10; 15.9), and 7.2% of child suffered from severe disturbances (mean MDD-10; 25.2). The higher percentage of mental health disturbances of children with the higher education level of parents, relative infected by COVID-19 (yes), parents still need to go the workplace (yes), and parent’s abnormal behavior but lower to their counterparts. This paper demonstrates large proportions of children are suffering from mental health disturbances in Bangladesh during the period of lockdown. Implementation of psychological intervention strategies and improvement in house-hold financial conditions, literacy of parents, taking care of children, and job security may help in improving the psychological/mental status of children and the authors believe that the findings will be beneficial to accelerate the rate of achieving the Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) linked to health status in Bangladesh.

@article{
 title = {Prevalence and determinants of wife-beating in Bangladesh: evidence from a nationwide survey},
 type = {article},
 year = {2022},
 keywords = {Off-label,Psychiatric,Psychiatry,Psychotherapy},
 pages = {9},
 volume = {22},
 publisher = {BioMed Central},
 id = {8f7d83c7-5bd5-3d1f-b996-852d4a003ded},
 created = {2022-01-04T21:20:31.718Z},
 file_attached = {false},
 profile_id = {3d6b17c2-7de8-3a82-bf4f-ddb0e3081e5f},
 last_modified = {2022-05-06T21:42:23.677Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {true},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 source_type = {JOUR},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a global public health concern, with women in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) bearing a disproportionately high burden. This study investigates the prevalence and factors correlated with attitudes regarding wife-beating among Bangladeshi women in urban–rural contexts. A sample of 13,033 urban women and 51,344 rural women data from the Bangladesh Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey (MICS) 2019 were analyzed using the Chi-square test and ordinal logistic regression model. The findings reveal that arguing with her husband is the widespread reason for wife-beating in Bangladesh (urban: 17.3%, rural: 21.9%), followed by neglecting the children (urban: 12.7%, rural: 15.8%). About 8% of urban women and 10% of rural women favoured the opinion that refusing to involve sexual intercourse is a legitimate justification for wife-beating. In comparison, around 5% feel that a husband has a right to beat his wife due to burning food. The respondents’ age, education, marital status, number of children, socioeconomic level, any health or physical difficulty, having problems becoming pregnant, and the husband’s age are all significant factors in justifying wife-beating. Bangladesh has a massive challenge in eliminating IPV. Women from lower socioeconomic classes, low levels of education, other challenges, and residents of rural areas are particularly more vulnerable than their urban counterparts. Therefore, it is vital to develop a proper action plan that considers women’s education and occupation to raise awareness of the various implications of wife-beating in women, particularly in Bangladesh’s rural areas.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Hossain, Md. Moyazzem and Abdulla, Faruq and Rahman, Azizur and Khan, Hafiz T A},
 doi = {10.1186/S12888-021-03652-X},
 journal = {BMC Psychiatry}
}

Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a global public health concern, with women in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) bearing a disproportionately high burden. This study investigates the prevalence and factors correlated with attitudes regarding wife-beating among Bangladeshi women in urban–rural contexts. A sample of 13,033 urban women and 51,344 rural women data from the Bangladesh Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey (MICS) 2019 were analyzed using the Chi-square test and ordinal logistic regression model. The findings reveal that arguing with her husband is the widespread reason for wife-beating in Bangladesh (urban: 17.3%, rural: 21.9%), followed by neglecting the children (urban: 12.7%, rural: 15.8%). About 8% of urban women and 10% of rural women favoured the opinion that refusing to involve sexual intercourse is a legitimate justification for wife-beating. In comparison, around 5% feel that a husband has a right to beat his wife due to burning food. The respondents’ age, education, marital status, number of children, socioeconomic level, any health or physical difficulty, having problems becoming pregnant, and the husband’s age are all significant factors in justifying wife-beating. Bangladesh has a massive challenge in eliminating IPV. Women from lower socioeconomic classes, low levels of education, other challenges, and residents of rural areas are particularly more vulnerable than their urban counterparts. Therefore, it is vital to develop a proper action plan that considers women’s education and occupation to raise awareness of the various implications of wife-beating in women, particularly in Bangladesh’s rural areas.

@article{
 title = {Quantile regression approach to estimating prevalence and determinants of child malnutrition},
 type = {article},
 year = {2022},
 keywords = {Epidemiology,Health Promotion and Disease Prevention,Public Health,Socio-economic factors},
 pages = {323-339},
 volume = {30},
 publisher = {Springer},
 id = {6214e26c-2bc5-3265-83f3-1bafcff6b8e2},
 created = {2022-01-18T11:28:39.940Z},
 file_attached = {false},
 profile_id = {3d6b17c2-7de8-3a82-bf4f-ddb0e3081e5f},
 last_modified = {2022-05-06T07:49:29.707Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {true},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 source_type = {JOUR},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {Child malnutrition is also associated with higher incidence of morbidity and mortality. Therefore, it is imperative to have knowledge of its correlates and determinants. The objective of this paper is to examine the association between demographic and socioeconomic factors and child nutritional status in Bangladesh. A secondary data analysis was conducted using the 2014 Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey data. The surveys used a stratified two-stage cluster sampling. In the first stage, 600 enumeration areas (EAs) were selected with probability proportional to the EA size. In the second stage of selection, a fixed number of 30 households per cluster will be selected with an equal probability systematic selection from the household listing. The sample constitutes 17,886 ever-married women age 15–49, with 34.38% and 65.62% from urban and rural areas respectively. The anthropometric indicators height-for-age, weight-for-age and weight-for-height z-scores were used as the primary and secondary outcome measures. Results show that age and birth order of child is negatively associated with height-for-age, weight-for-age, and weight-for-height z-scores. However, the size of the child at birth is positively allied with the three anthropometric indicators. Mothers’ BMI and educational level are positively connected with the nutrition z-scores, but these factors have differential effects at different points of the conditional distribution of the anthropometric z-scores. Moreover, the economic status of a family is an essential factor in determining the z-score of height-for-age, weight-for-age, and weight-for-height of a child. The age, size of child at birth, mother’s BMI and educational status, and wealth index are very important determinants of the z-score of the anthropometric indicators of a child. In order to improve the nutritional status of children in Bangladesh, the authors suggest that a joint effort by the government, non-governmental organizations, and the community is absolutely essential.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Rahman, Azizur and Hossain, Md Moyazzem},
 doi = {10.1007/S10389-020-01277-0},
 journal = {Journal of Public Health},
 number = {2}
}

Child malnutrition is also associated with higher incidence of morbidity and mortality. Therefore, it is imperative to have knowledge of its correlates and determinants. The objective of this paper is to examine the association between demographic and socioeconomic factors and child nutritional status in Bangladesh. A secondary data analysis was conducted using the 2014 Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey data. The surveys used a stratified two-stage cluster sampling. In the first stage, 600 enumeration areas (EAs) were selected with probability proportional to the EA size. In the second stage of selection, a fixed number of 30 households per cluster will be selected with an equal probability systematic selection from the household listing. The sample constitutes 17,886 ever-married women age 15–49, with 34.38% and 65.62% from urban and rural areas respectively. The anthropometric indicators height-for-age, weight-for-age and weight-for-height z-scores were used as the primary and secondary outcome measures. Results show that age and birth order of child is negatively associated with height-for-age, weight-for-age, and weight-for-height z-scores. However, the size of the child at birth is positively allied with the three anthropometric indicators. Mothers’ BMI and educational level are positively connected with the nutrition z-scores, but these factors have differential effects at different points of the conditional distribution of the anthropometric z-scores. Moreover, the economic status of a family is an essential factor in determining the z-score of height-for-age, weight-for-age, and weight-for-height of a child. The age, size of child at birth, mother’s BMI and educational status, and wealth index are very important determinants of the z-score of the anthropometric indicators of a child. In order to improve the nutritional status of children in Bangladesh, the authors suggest that a joint effort by the government, non-governmental organizations, and the community is absolutely essential.