@article{
 title = {High abundance of the colistin resistance gene mcr-1 in chicken gut-bacteria in Bangladesh},
 type = {article},
 year = {2020},
 volume = {10},
 month = {12},
 publisher = {Nature Research},
 day = {1},
 id = {2c5c70da-ce53-33d1-b133-dd57d95139b7},
 created = {2020-11-12T21:53:06.071Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {3d6b17c2-7de8-3a82-bf4f-ddb0e3081e5f},
 last_modified = {2020-11-12T21:53:07.921Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {true},
 confirmed = {false},
 hidden = {false},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {Colistin is considered a last-resort reserved drug for the treatment of critical human infections by Gram-negative bacteria. Phenotypic colistin-resistance is strongly associated with plasmid-mediated mobile colistin resistance (mcr) genes. The mcr-bearing Enterobacteriaceae have been detected in many countries from environments, animals, and humans. This study investigated phenotypic colistin-resistance and the distribution of mcr-1, mcr-2, mcr-3, mcr-4, and mcr-5 genes in chicken-gut bacteria in Bangladesh. Bacteria were isolated from poultry- and native-chicken droppings, and their susceptibilities to colistin were determined by agar dilution and E-test minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) measurements. Multiplex polymerase chain reactions detected mcr-1 to mcr-5 genes. Overall, 61.7% (92/149) of the isolates showed colistin resistance by agar dilution assessment (MIC > 2.0 μg/mL). The phenotypic resistance was observed considerably higher in poultry-chicken isolates (64.6%, 64/99) than in native-chicken isolates (56%, 28/50; p = 0.373). All the resistant isolates showed MIC levels between > 2 and > 128 μg/mL. The mcr-genes (mcr-1and mcr-2 combined) were detected more in poultry gut bacteria (36.4%) than native-chicken isolates (20%, p = 0.06). Despite bacteria sources, mcr-genes appeared to be significantly associated with phenotypic colistin-resistance phenomena (p < 0.001). Prior colistin usage led to a substantial increase in the proportion of bacteria with mcr-genes and phenotypic resistance (p < 0.001).},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Islam, Salequl and Urmi, Umme Laila and Rana, Masud and Sultana, Fahmida and Jahan, Nusrat and Hossain, Billal and Iqbal, Samiul and Hossain, Md Moyazzem and Mosaddek, Abu Syed Md and Nahar, Shamsun},
 doi = {10.1038/s41598-020-74402-4},
 journal = {Scientific Reports},
 number = {1}
}

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Phenotypic colistin-resistance is strongly associated with plasmid-mediated mobile colistin resistance (mcr) genes. The mcr-bearing Enterobacteriaceae have been detected in many countries from environments, animals, and humans. This study investigated phenotypic colistin-resistance and the distribution of mcr-1, mcr-2, mcr-3, mcr-4, and mcr-5 genes in chicken-gut bacteria in Bangladesh. Bacteria were isolated from poultry- and native-chicken droppings, and their susceptibilities to colistin were determined by agar dilution and E-test minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) measurements. Multiplex polymerase chain reactions detected mcr-1 to mcr-5 genes. Overall, 61.7% (92/149) of the isolates showed colistin resistance by agar dilution assessment (MIC > 2.0 μg/mL). The phenotypic resistance was observed considerably higher in poultry-chicken isolates (64.6%, 64/99) than in native-chicken isolates (56%, 28/50; p = 0.373). All the resistant isolates showed MIC levels between > 2 and > 128 μg/mL. The mcr-genes (mcr-1and mcr-2 combined) were detected more in poultry gut bacteria (36.4%) than native-chicken isolates (20%, p = 0.06). Despite bacteria sources, mcr-genes appeared to be significantly associated with phenotypic colistin-resistance phenomena (p < 0.001). Prior colistin usage led to a substantial increase in the proportion of bacteria with mcr-genes and phenotypic resistance (p < 0.001).","bibtype":"article","author":"Islam, Salequl and Urmi, Umme Laila and Rana, Masud and Sultana, Fahmida and Jahan, Nusrat and Hossain, Billal and Iqbal, Samiul and Hossain, Md Moyazzem and Mosaddek, Abu Syed Md and Nahar, Shamsun","doi":"10.1038/s41598-020-74402-4","journal":"Scientific Reports","number":"1","bibtex":"@article{\n title = {High abundance of the colistin resistance gene mcr-1 in chicken gut-bacteria in Bangladesh},\n type = {article},\n year = {2020},\n volume = {10},\n month = {12},\n publisher = {Nature Research},\n day = {1},\n id = {2c5c70da-ce53-33d1-b133-dd57d95139b7},\n created = {2020-11-12T21:53:06.071Z},\n file_attached = {true},\n profile_id = {3d6b17c2-7de8-3a82-bf4f-ddb0e3081e5f},\n last_modified = {2020-11-12T21:53:07.921Z},\n read = {false},\n starred = {false},\n authored = {true},\n confirmed = {false},\n hidden = {false},\n private_publication = {false},\n abstract = {Colistin is considered a last-resort reserved drug for the treatment of critical human infections by Gram-negative bacteria. Phenotypic colistin-resistance is strongly associated with plasmid-mediated mobile colistin resistance (mcr) genes. The mcr-bearing Enterobacteriaceae have been detected in many countries from environments, animals, and humans. This study investigated phenotypic colistin-resistance and the distribution of mcr-1, mcr-2, mcr-3, mcr-4, and mcr-5 genes in chicken-gut bacteria in Bangladesh. Bacteria were isolated from poultry- and native-chicken droppings, and their susceptibilities to colistin were determined by agar dilution and E-test minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) measurements. Multiplex polymerase chain reactions detected mcr-1 to mcr-5 genes. Overall, 61.7% (92/149) of the isolates showed colistin resistance by agar dilution assessment (MIC > 2.0 μg/mL). The phenotypic resistance was observed considerably higher in poultry-chicken isolates (64.6%, 64/99) than in native-chicken isolates (56%, 28/50; p = 0.373). All the resistant isolates showed MIC levels between > 2 and > 128 μg/mL. The mcr-genes (mcr-1and mcr-2 combined) were detected more in poultry gut bacteria (36.4%) than native-chicken isolates (20%, p = 0.06). Despite bacteria sources, mcr-genes appeared to be significantly associated with phenotypic colistin-resistance phenomena (p < 0.001). 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