@article{
 title = {Spatial Heterogeneity in Prey Availability, Feeding Success, and Dietary Selectivity for the Threatened Longfin Smelt},
 type = {article},
 year = {2022},
 keywords = {Copepods,Estuary,Eurytemora,Feeding,Larval,Longfin Smelt,Prey,Tidal marshes,copepods,estuary,eurytemora,feeding,larval,longfin smelt,prey,tidal marshes},
 websites = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s12237-021-01024-y,https://link.springer.com/10.1007/s12237-021-01024-y},
 month = {1},
 publisher = {Springer US},
 day = {7},
 id = {fd4a435e-6702-3e98-a581-aae3bae39dae},
 created = {2022-01-07T18:11:12.048Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {b32caa3a-a6aa-3875-9eaa-ba9f1eb70905},
 last_modified = {2022-09-20T16:17:28.441Z},
 read = {true},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {true},
 confirmed = {false},
 hidden = {false},
 citation_key = {Barros2022},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {Food availability is a key determinant of the nursery value of a given habitat for larval and juvenile fishes. Growth, survival, and recruitment success are often inter-correlated and influenced by prey availability and associated feeding success. This is likely true for the threatened population of Longfin Smelt ( Spirinchus thaleichthys ) in the San Francisco Estuary (SFE) which has collapsed in recent decades along with its preferred prey. In years with high precipitation and freshwater outflow, larval Longfin Smelt are found in shallow wetland habitats throughout the SFE, but variation in the availability of food and feeding success in these habitats remains unexplored. To examine spatial variation in the trophic value of different rearing habitats, we quantified variation in prey availability, feeding success, and prey selection for larval and juvenile Longfin Smelt captured in restored tidal marshes, sloughs, and open-water habitats in the northern and southern SFE. Prey abundance varied spatially, with densities approximately tenfold greater in southern sloughs and restored tidal ponds relative to northern and open-water habitats. Feeding success of larval Longfin Smelt was positively correlated with both fish length and prey density. Larval Longfin Smelt fed selectively on the copepod Eurytemora affinis , with larger individuals (> 25 mm total length) exhibiting an ontogenetic diet shift to larger mysid shrimps. Our results suggest that wetland habitats across the SFE vary greatly in their trophic value, with previously unexplored habitats exhibiting the highest densities of prey and the highest foraging success for larval Longfin Smelt.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Barros, Arthur and Hobbs, James A and Willmes, Malte and Parker, Christina M and Bisson, Micah and Fangue, Nann A and Rypel, Andrew L and Lewis, Levi S},
 doi = {10.1007/s12237-021-01024-y},
 journal = {Estuaries and Coasts}
}

Food availability is a key determinant of the nursery value of a given habitat for larval and juvenile fishes. Growth, survival, and recruitment success are often inter-correlated and influenced by prey availability and associated feeding success. This is likely true for the threatened population of Longfin Smelt ( Spirinchus thaleichthys ) in the San Francisco Estuary (SFE) which has collapsed in recent decades along with its preferred prey. In years with high precipitation and freshwater outflow, larval Longfin Smelt are found in shallow wetland habitats throughout the SFE, but variation in the availability of food and feeding success in these habitats remains unexplored. To examine spatial variation in the trophic value of different rearing habitats, we quantified variation in prey availability, feeding success, and prey selection for larval and juvenile Longfin Smelt captured in restored tidal marshes, sloughs, and open-water habitats in the northern and southern SFE. Prey abundance varied spatially, with densities approximately tenfold greater in southern sloughs and restored tidal ponds relative to northern and open-water habitats. Feeding success of larval Longfin Smelt was positively correlated with both fish length and prey density. Larval Longfin Smelt fed selectively on the copepod Eurytemora affinis , with larger individuals (> 25 mm total length) exhibiting an ontogenetic diet shift to larger mysid shrimps. Our results suggest that wetland habitats across the SFE vary greatly in their trophic value, with previously unexplored habitats exhibiting the highest densities of prey and the highest foraging success for larval Longfin Smelt.

@article{
 title = {Diversity in Habitat Use by White Sturgeon Revealed Using Fin Ray Geochemistry},
 type = {article},
 year = {2022},
 keywords = {San Francisco Estuary,White Sturgeon,habitat use,life history diversity,microchemistry,migration},
 pages = {1-18},
 volume = {9},
 websites = {https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmars.2022.859038/full},
 month = {3},
 day = {17},
 id = {1971f728-869a-33ab-9a20-1080686cddd6},
 created = {2022-03-17T16:09:53.621Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {b32caa3a-a6aa-3875-9eaa-ba9f1eb70905},
 last_modified = {2022-09-20T16:17:31.545Z},
 read = {true},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {true},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 citation_key = {Sellheim2022},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {Understanding life-history diversity in a population is imperative to developing effective fisheries management and conservation practices, particularly in degraded environments with high environmental variability. Here, we examined variation in habitat use and migration patterns of White Sturgeon ( Acipenser transmontanus ), a long-lived migratory fish that is native to the San Francisco Estuary, CA, United States. Annual increment profiles were combined with respective geochemical ( 87 Sr/ 86 Sr) profiles in sturgeon fin rays to reconstruct annual salinity chronologies for 112 individuals from 5 to 30 years old. Results indicated a complex and diverse amphidromous life history across individuals, characterized largely by estuarine residence, a general ontogenetic trend toward higher-salinity brackish habitats, and high variability in habitat use across all age groups. Hierarchical clustering based on fin ray geochemistry during the first 10 years of life, prior to sexual maturation, indicated at least four distinct migratory phenotypes which differed largely in the timing and duration of juvenile to subadult movements between fresh- and brackish-water habitats. This study provides information regarding habitat use and migration in sub-adult fish that was previously lacking. Different migratory phenotypes vary in exposure to stressors across time and space and populations. Understanding White Sturgeon habitat distributions through space and time at different life stages can help identify areas where habitat restoration would be most effective and develop management actions to reduce stressors associated with specific areas where White Sturgeon are present.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Sellheim, Kirsten and Willmes, Malte and Lewis, Levi S and Sweeney, Jamie and Merz, Joseph and Hobbs, James A},
 doi = {10.3389/fmars.2022.859038},
 journal = {Frontiers in Marine Science},
 number = {March}
}

Understanding life-history diversity in a population is imperative to developing effective fisheries management and conservation practices, particularly in degraded environments with high environmental variability. Here, we examined variation in habitat use and migration patterns of White Sturgeon ( Acipenser transmontanus ), a long-lived migratory fish that is native to the San Francisco Estuary, CA, United States. Annual increment profiles were combined with respective geochemical ( 87 Sr/ 86 Sr) profiles in sturgeon fin rays to reconstruct annual salinity chronologies for 112 individuals from 5 to 30 years old. Results indicated a complex and diverse amphidromous life history across individuals, characterized largely by estuarine residence, a general ontogenetic trend toward higher-salinity brackish habitats, and high variability in habitat use across all age groups. Hierarchical clustering based on fin ray geochemistry during the first 10 years of life, prior to sexual maturation, indicated at least four distinct migratory phenotypes which differed largely in the timing and duration of juvenile to subadult movements between fresh- and brackish-water habitats. This study provides information regarding habitat use and migration in sub-adult fish that was previously lacking. Different migratory phenotypes vary in exposure to stressors across time and space and populations. Understanding White Sturgeon habitat distributions through space and time at different life stages can help identify areas where habitat restoration would be most effective and develop management actions to reduce stressors associated with specific areas where White Sturgeon are present.

@article{
 title = {The Secrets in our Teeth},
 type = {article},
 year = {2022},
 volume = {10},
 websites = {https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/frym.2022.749555/full},
 month = {3},
 day = {22},
 id = {9ecf9019-94c9-35d4-a17f-fd08297a3cb1},
 created = {2022-03-22T15:27:41.106Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {b32caa3a-a6aa-3875-9eaa-ba9f1eb70905},
 last_modified = {2022-09-20T16:17:31.388Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {true},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 citation_key = {James2022a},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {Your dentist can tell a lot about your health and daily habits just by looking at your teeth. But did you know that archaeological scientists have discovered that there is a lot more information hidden in teeth? We can study the chemical composition of teeth and can find out what types of food a person ate, and even where that food was growing. When we find teeth in archaeological sites, a method called isotope analysis can be used to reconstruct the movements and diets of people, even when no written records are available. In this article, we will discuss what our teeth are made of and how isotope analysis can be used to learn more about ancient people. We will then look at an archaeological site in France, where children discovered bones and teeth on the playground behind their kindergarten.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {James, Hannah F and Griffith, Jacob I. and Long, Kelsie and Cheung, Christina and Willmes, Malte},
 doi = {10.3389/frym.2022.749555},
 journal = {Frontiers for Young Minds}
}

Your dentist can tell a lot about your health and daily habits just by looking at your teeth. But did you know that archaeological scientists have discovered that there is a lot more information hidden in teeth? We can study the chemical composition of teeth and can find out what types of food a person ate, and even where that food was growing. When we find teeth in archaeological sites, a method called isotope analysis can be used to reconstruct the movements and diets of people, even when no written records are available. In this article, we will discuss what our teeth are made of and how isotope analysis can be used to learn more about ancient people. We will then look at an archaeological site in France, where children discovered bones and teeth on the playground behind their kindergarten.

@article{
 title = {A large-scale environmental strontium isotope baseline map of Portugal for archaeological and paleoecological provenance studies},
 type = {article},
 year = {2022},
 keywords = {Archaeology,Isoscape,Kriging,Mobility,Plant,Soil},
 pages = {105595},
 volume = {142},
 websites = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jas.2022.105595,https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S030544032200053X},
 month = {6},
 publisher = {Elsevier Ltd},
 id = {dbdf3025-de5e-3d31-9b68-ff6b7700cd05},
 created = {2022-04-24T01:56:51.843Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {b32caa3a-a6aa-3875-9eaa-ba9f1eb70905},
 last_modified = {2022-09-20T16:17:32.008Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {true},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 citation_key = {James2022},
 private_publication = {false},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {James, Hannah F and Adams, Shaun and Willmes, Malte and Mathison, Kate and Ulrichsen, Andrea and Wood, Rachel and Valera, Antonio C and Frieman, Catherine J and Grün, Rainer},
 doi = {10.1016/j.jas.2022.105595},
 journal = {Journal of Archaeological Science},
 number = {April}
}

@article{
 title = {Polygenic Discrimination of Migratory Phenotypes in an Estuarine Forage Fish},
 type = {article},
 year = {2022},
 websites = {https://academic.oup.com/g3journal/advance-article/doi/10.1093/g3journal/jkac133/6595021},
 month = {5},
 day = {30},
 id = {c48b6132-dd37-309b-a081-992681231cc6},
 created = {2022-06-05T19:28:17.159Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {b32caa3a-a6aa-3875-9eaa-ba9f1eb70905},
 last_modified = {2022-09-20T16:17:32.273Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {true},
 confirmed = {false},
 hidden = {false},
 citation_key = {Campbell2022},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {Migration is a complex phenotypic trait with some species containing migratory and non-migratory individuals. Such life history variation may be attributed in part to plasticity, epigenetics, or genetics. Although considered semi-anadromous, recent studies using otolith geochemistry have revealed life history variation within the critically endangered Delta Smelt. Broadly categorizable as migratory or freshwater residents, we examined RADseq data to test for a relationship between genetic variation and migratory behaviors. As previously shown, we found no evidence for neutral population genetic structure within Delta Smelt; however, we found significant evidence for associations between genetic variants and life history phenotypes. Furthermore, Discriminant Analysis of Principal Components, hierarchical clustering, and machine learning resulted in accurate assignment of fish into the freshwater resident or migratory classes based on their genotypes. These results suggest the presence of adaptive genetic variants relating to life history variation within a panmictic population. Mechanisms that may lead to this observation are genotype dependent habitat choice and spatially variable selection, both of which could operate each generation and are not exclusive. Given that the population of cultured Delta Smelt are being used as a refugial population for conservation, as a supply for wild population supplementation, and currently represent the majority of all living individuals of this species, we recommend that the hatchery management strategy consider the frequencies of life history-associated alleles and how to maintain this important aspect of Delta Smelt biological variation while under captive propagation.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Campbell, Matthew A and Joslin, Shannon E K and Goodbla, Alisha M and Willmes, Malte and Hobbs, James A and Lewis, Levi S and Finger, Amanda J},
 doi = {10.1093/g3journal/jkac133},
 journal = {G3 Genes|Genomes|Genetics}
}

Migration is a complex phenotypic trait with some species containing migratory and non-migratory individuals. Such life history variation may be attributed in part to plasticity, epigenetics, or genetics. Although considered semi-anadromous, recent studies using otolith geochemistry have revealed life history variation within the critically endangered Delta Smelt. Broadly categorizable as migratory or freshwater residents, we examined RADseq data to test for a relationship between genetic variation and migratory behaviors. As previously shown, we found no evidence for neutral population genetic structure within Delta Smelt; however, we found significant evidence for associations between genetic variants and life history phenotypes. Furthermore, Discriminant Analysis of Principal Components, hierarchical clustering, and machine learning resulted in accurate assignment of fish into the freshwater resident or migratory classes based on their genotypes. These results suggest the presence of adaptive genetic variants relating to life history variation within a panmictic population. Mechanisms that may lead to this observation are genotype dependent habitat choice and spatially variable selection, both of which could operate each generation and are not exclusive. Given that the population of cultured Delta Smelt are being used as a refugial population for conservation, as a supply for wild population supplementation, and currently represent the majority of all living individuals of this species, we recommend that the hatchery management strategy consider the frequencies of life history-associated alleles and how to maintain this important aspect of Delta Smelt biological variation while under captive propagation.

@article{
 title = {Reading the biomineralized book of life: expanding otolith biogeochemical research and applications for fisheries and ecosystem-based management},
 type = {article},
 year = {2022},
 keywords = {Archival tissue,Calcified structure,Chemistry,Fisheries management,Life-history,Otolith},
 websites = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s11160-022-09720-z,https://link.springer.com/10.1007/s11160-022-09720-z},
 month = {8},
 publisher = {Springer International Publishing},
 day = {7},
 id = {dcb75ccb-14cd-3506-a830-73c4ea06ad3e},
 created = {2022-08-08T17:34:27.038Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {b32caa3a-a6aa-3875-9eaa-ba9f1eb70905},
 last_modified = {2022-09-20T16:17:30.894Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {true},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 citation_key = {Reis-Santos2022},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {Chemical analysis of calcified structures continues to flourish, as analytical and technological advances enable researchers to tap into trace elements and isotopes taken up in otoliths and other archival tissues at ever greater resolution. Increasingly, these tracers are applied to refine age estimation and interpretation, and to chronicle responses to environmental stressors, linking these to ecological, physiological, and life-history processes. Here, we review emerging approaches and innovative research directions in otolith chemistry, as well as in the chemistry of other archival tissues, outlining their value for fisheries and ecosystem-based management, turning the spotlight on areas where such biomarkers can support decision making. We summarise recent milestones and the challenges that lie ahead to using otoliths and archival tissues as biomarkers, grouped into seven, rapidly expanding and application-oriented research areas that apply chemical analysis in a variety of contexts, namely: (1) supporting fish age estimation; (2) evaluating environmental stress, ecophysiology and individual performance; (3) confirming seafood provenance; (4) resolving connectivity and movement pathways; (5) characterising food webs and trophic interactions; (6) reconstructing reproductive life histories; and (7) tracing stock enhancement efforts. Emerging research directions that apply hard part chemistry to combat seafood fraud, quantify past food webs, as well as to reconcile growth, movement, thermal, metabolic, stress and reproductive life-histories provide opportunities to examine how harvesting and global change impact fish health and fisheries productivity. Ultimately, improved appreciation of the many practical benefits of archival tissue chemistry to fisheries and ecosystem-based management will support their increased implementation into routine monitoring.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Reis-Santos, Patrick and Gillanders, Bronwyn M. and Sturrock, Anna M. and Izzo, Christopher and Oxman, Dion S. and Lueders-Dumont, Jessica A. and Hüssy, Karin and Tanner, Susanne E. and Rogers, Troy and Doubleday, Zoë A. and Andrews, Allen H. and Trueman, Clive and Brophy, Deirdre and Thiem, Jason D. and Baumgartner, Lee J. and Willmes, Malte and Chung, Ming-Tsung and Johnson, Rachel C. and Heimbrand, Yvette and Limburg, Karin E. and Walther, Benjamin D.},
 doi = {10.1007/s11160-022-09720-z},
 journal = {Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries},
 number = {0123456789}
}

Chemical analysis of calcified structures continues to flourish, as analytical and technological advances enable researchers to tap into trace elements and isotopes taken up in otoliths and other archival tissues at ever greater resolution. Increasingly, these tracers are applied to refine age estimation and interpretation, and to chronicle responses to environmental stressors, linking these to ecological, physiological, and life-history processes. Here, we review emerging approaches and innovative research directions in otolith chemistry, as well as in the chemistry of other archival tissues, outlining their value for fisheries and ecosystem-based management, turning the spotlight on areas where such biomarkers can support decision making. We summarise recent milestones and the challenges that lie ahead to using otoliths and archival tissues as biomarkers, grouped into seven, rapidly expanding and application-oriented research areas that apply chemical analysis in a variety of contexts, namely: (1) supporting fish age estimation; (2) evaluating environmental stress, ecophysiology and individual performance; (3) confirming seafood provenance; (4) resolving connectivity and movement pathways; (5) characterising food webs and trophic interactions; (6) reconstructing reproductive life histories; and (7) tracing stock enhancement efforts. Emerging research directions that apply hard part chemistry to combat seafood fraud, quantify past food webs, as well as to reconcile growth, movement, thermal, metabolic, stress and reproductive life-histories provide opportunities to examine how harvesting and global change impact fish health and fisheries productivity. Ultimately, improved appreciation of the many practical benefits of archival tissue chemistry to fisheries and ecosystem-based management will support their increased implementation into routine monitoring.

@article{
 title = {Strontium isotopes in otoliths reveal a diversity of natal origins for Tarek (Alburnus tarichi) in Lake Van, Turkey},
 type = {article},
 year = {2022},
 pages = {106441},
 volume = {255},
 websites = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0165783622002181},
 month = {11},
 id = {67bcd8da-ab16-34f2-8580-c541ddace996},
 created = {2022-08-08T17:34:27.287Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {b32caa3a-a6aa-3875-9eaa-ba9f1eb70905},
 last_modified = {2022-09-20T16:17:30.891Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {true},
 confirmed = {false},
 hidden = {false},
 citation_key = {Saygn2022},
 private_publication = {false},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Saygın, Semra and Polat, Nazmi and Willmes, Malte and Lewis, Levi S and Hobbs, James A and Atıcı, Ataman Altuğ and Elp, Mahmut},
 doi = {10.1016/j.fishres.2022.106441},
 journal = {Fisheries Research},
 number = {May}
}

@article{
 title = {Geochemical Tools Identify the Origins of Chinook Salmon Returning to a Restored Creek},
 type = {article},
 year = {2021},
 pages = {22-32},
 volume = {46},
 websites = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/fsh.10516},
 month = {1},
 day = {11},
 id = {fde7a082-56d5-31bc-8700-a43ff8a068f8},
 created = {2020-08-28T00:07:19.340Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {b32caa3a-a6aa-3875-9eaa-ba9f1eb70905},
 last_modified = {2022-09-20T16:17:20.843Z},
 read = {true},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {true},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 citation_key = {Willmes2021},
 private_publication = {false},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Willmes, Malte and Jacinto, Emily E. and Lewis, Levi S. and Fichman, Rachel A. and Bess, Zachary and Singer, Gabriel and Steel, Anna and Moyle, Peter and Rypel, Andrew L. and Fangue, Nann and Glessner, Justin J.G. and Hobbs, James A. and Chapman, Eric D.},
 doi = {10.1002/fsh.10516},
 journal = {Fisheries},
 number = {1}
}

@article{
 title = {Geologic variability of conodont strontium isotopic composition quantified by laser ablation multiple collection inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry},
 type = {article},
 year = {2021},
 pages = {110308},
 volume = {568},
 websites = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0031018221000936},
 month = {2},
 id = {906cf873-f1bc-3c64-b9be-407b9e36bebf},
 created = {2021-02-22T19:59:11.645Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {b32caa3a-a6aa-3875-9eaa-ba9f1eb70905},
 last_modified = {2021-07-27T16:57:11.252Z},
 read = {true},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {true},
 confirmed = {false},
 hidden = {false},
 citation_key = {Griffin2021},
 private_publication = {false},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Griffin, Julie M and Montañez, Isabel P. and Glessner, Justin J.G. and Chen, Jitao and Willmes, Malte},
 doi = {10.1016/j.palaeo.2021.110308},
 journal = {Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology}
}

@article{
 title = {The Clever Strategies That Fishes Use to Survive in San Francisco’s Dynamic Estuary},
 type = {article},
 year = {2021},
 keywords = {Life History,Migration,San francisco estuary,estuary,fish,native species},
 volume = {9},
 websites = {https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/frym.2021.608881/full},
 month = {9},
 day = {23},
 id = {e4c0d3ab-4e52-39c1-9566-ae0d9790c4b1},
 created = {2021-09-23T17:47:13.640Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {b32caa3a-a6aa-3875-9eaa-ba9f1eb70905},
 last_modified = {2022-09-20T16:17:12.747Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {true},
 confirmed = {false},
 hidden = {false},
 citation_key = {Fichman2021},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {Estuaries are places where fresh water from rivers mixes with salty water from the ocean. Why does this matter? This mixing creates dynamic, ever-changing conditions that fishes must navigate in order to survive. Environmental conditions can change yearly, seasonally, daily, and even hourly. Fishes use many different strategies to adjust to this wild variation. Some are picky and only use certain habitats. Others use many different kinds of habitats and move between them at different times of the year. Adults and juveniles might even live away from each other in different parts of the estuary. In this article, we describe some of the clever strategies that fishes use to survive in estuaries. We also consider how scientists uncover these clever strategies and what each of us can do to help protect the fishes of the San Francisco Estuary and elsewhere.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Fichman, Rachel A. and Khen, Adi and Willmes, Malte and Kuntz, Jonathon and Scott, Alexander R and Hobbs, James A. and Lewis, Levi S.},
 doi = {10.3389/frym.2021.608881},
 journal = {Frontiers for Young Minds}
}

Estuaries are places where fresh water from rivers mixes with salty water from the ocean. Why does this matter? This mixing creates dynamic, ever-changing conditions that fishes must navigate in order to survive. Environmental conditions can change yearly, seasonally, daily, and even hourly. Fishes use many different strategies to adjust to this wild variation. Some are picky and only use certain habitats. Others use many different kinds of habitats and move between them at different times of the year. Adults and juveniles might even live away from each other in different parts of the estuary. In this article, we describe some of the clever strategies that fishes use to survive in estuaries. We also consider how scientists uncover these clever strategies and what each of us can do to help protect the fishes of the San Francisco Estuary and elsewhere.

@article{
 title = {Otolith-based approaches indicate strong effects of environmental variation on growth of a Critically Endangered estuarine fish},
 type = {article},
 year = {2021},
 keywords = {biological intercept,climate,delta smelt,generalized additive model,hypomesus transpacificus,salinity,temperature,turbidity,water quality},
 pages = {37-56},
 volume = {676},
 websites = {http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/meps13848},
 publisher = {Inter-Research Science Center},
 id = {52e62f42-2e33-3f9b-9bba-bab9f73ba951},
 created = {2021-10-18T17:45:21.517Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {b32caa3a-a6aa-3875-9eaa-ba9f1eb70905},
 last_modified = {2022-09-20T16:17:13.258Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {true},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 citation_key = {Lewis2021},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {In estuaries, fluctuating environmental conditions exact strenuous physiological demands on the fishes that inhabit these oft-impacted areas, including the Critically Endangered delta smelt Hypomesus transpacificus in California (USA). Using an archive of otoliths spanning 2011-2019, we examined how growth rates of wild subadult delta smelt vary ontogenetically, regionally, and in relation to variation in the physical environment during late-summer and fall in the upper San Francisco Estuary. Recent growth rates were quantified using otolith increment analysis and modeled as functions of both intrinsic (age) and extrinsic (temperature, salinity, clarity, and region) factors using a suite of generalized additive models. Age explained 60% of the variation in log 10 -transformed growth rates, which peaked at 50-80 d post hatch. Overall, age-adjusted growth rates declined at temperatures >20°C, increased with practical salinity values of 0-4, and exhibited interactive patterns with water clarity. Growth rates appeared highest in the West and Central Delta, and lowest in the North Delta, also corresponding with patterns in environmental conditions. Here, we provide new evidence for how vital rates of wild delta smelt vary spatially and in relation to abiotic environmental variation. Such otolith-based growth reconstructions often provide the first direct look at how the vital rates of wild fish respond to environmental variation in situ , and how future changes are likely to affect the dynamics of wild populations.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Lewis, LS and Denney, C and Willmes, M and Xieu, W and Fichman, RA and Zhao, F and Hammock, BG and Schultz, A and Fangue, N and Hobbs, JA},
 doi = {10.3354/meps13848},
 journal = {Marine Ecology Progress Series}
}

In estuaries, fluctuating environmental conditions exact strenuous physiological demands on the fishes that inhabit these oft-impacted areas, including the Critically Endangered delta smelt Hypomesus transpacificus in California (USA). Using an archive of otoliths spanning 2011-2019, we examined how growth rates of wild subadult delta smelt vary ontogenetically, regionally, and in relation to variation in the physical environment during late-summer and fall in the upper San Francisco Estuary. Recent growth rates were quantified using otolith increment analysis and modeled as functions of both intrinsic (age) and extrinsic (temperature, salinity, clarity, and region) factors using a suite of generalized additive models. Age explained 60% of the variation in log 10 -transformed growth rates, which peaked at 50-80 d post hatch. Overall, age-adjusted growth rates declined at temperatures >20°C, increased with practical salinity values of 0-4, and exhibited interactive patterns with water clarity. Growth rates appeared highest in the West and Central Delta, and lowest in the North Delta, also corresponding with patterns in environmental conditions. Here, we provide new evidence for how vital rates of wild delta smelt vary spatially and in relation to abiotic environmental variation. Such otolith-based growth reconstructions often provide the first direct look at how the vital rates of wild fish respond to environmental variation in situ , and how future changes are likely to affect the dynamics of wild populations.

@article{
 title = {Experimental validation of otolith-based age and growth reconstructions across multiple life stages of a critically endangered estuarine fish},
 type = {article},
 year = {2021},
 pages = {e12280},
 volume = {9},
 websites = {https://peerj.com/articles/12280},
 month = {11},
 day = {17},
 id = {4aa7d9f1-5af9-3247-869f-2c8f4b60aeec},
 created = {2021-11-18T03:30:10.947Z},
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 profile_id = {b32caa3a-a6aa-3875-9eaa-ba9f1eb70905},
 last_modified = {2022-09-20T16:17:10.975Z},
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 hidden = {false},
 citation_key = {Xieu2021},
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 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Xieu, Wilson and Lewis, Levi S and Zhao, Feng and Fichman, Rachel A and Willmes, Malte and Hung, Tien-chieh and Ellison, Luke and Stevenson, Troy and Tigan, Galen and Schultz, Andrew A and Hobbs, James A},
 doi = {10.7717/peerj.12280},
 journal = {PeerJ}
}

@article{
 title = {Biogeochemical processes create distinct isotopic fingerprints to track floodplain rearing of juvenile salmon},
 type = {article},
 year = {2021},
 pages = {e0257444},
 volume = {16},
 websites = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0257444},
 id = {f1643cad-775c-3195-a175-e1083438d011},
 created = {2021-11-18T03:30:10.953Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {b32caa3a-a6aa-3875-9eaa-ba9f1eb70905},
 last_modified = {2022-09-20T16:17:11.038Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {true},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 citation_key = {Bell-Tilcock2021},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = { Floodplains represent critical nursery habitats for a variety of fish species due to their highly productive food webs, yet few tools exist to quantify the extent to which these habitats contribute to ecosystem-level production. Here we conducted a large-scale field experiment to characterize differences in food web composition and stable isotopes (δ¹³C, δ¹⁵N, δ³⁴S) for salmon rearing on a large floodplain and adjacent river in the Central Valley, California, USA. The study covered variable hydrologic conditions including flooding (1999, 2017), average (2016), and drought (2012–2015). In addition, we determined incorporation rates and tissue fractionation between prey and muscle from fish held in enclosed locations (experimental fields, cages) at weekly intervals. Finally, we measured δ³⁴S in otoliths to test if these archival biominerals could be used to reconstruct floodplain use. Floodplain-reared salmon had a different diet composition and lower δ 13 C and δ³⁴S (δ¹³C = -33.02±2.66‰, δ³⁴S = -3.47±2.28‰; mean±1SD) compared to fish in the adjacent river (δ¹³C = -28.37±1.84‰, δ³⁴S = +2.23±2.25‰). These isotopic differences between habitats persisted across years of extreme droughts and floods. Despite the different diet composition, δ¹⁵N values from prey items on the floodplain (δ¹⁵N = 7.19±1.22‰) and river (δ¹⁵N = 7.25±1.46‰) were similar, suggesting similar trophic levels. The food web differences in δ 13 C and δ³⁴S between habitats were also reflected in salmon muscle tissue, reaching equilibrium between 24–30 days (2014, δ¹³C = -30.74±0.73‰, δ³⁴S = -4.6±0.68‰; 2016, δ¹³C = -34.74 ±0.49‰, δ³⁴S = -5.18±0.46‰). δ³⁴S measured in sequential growth bands in otoliths recorded a weekly time-series of shifting diet inputs, with the outermost layers recording time spent on the floodplain (δ³⁴S = -5.60±0.16‰) and river (δ³⁴S = 3.73±0.98‰). Our results suggest that δ¹³C and δ³⁴S can be used to differentiate floodplain and river rearing habitats used by native fishes, such as Chinook Salmon, across different hydrologic conditions and tissues. Together these stable isotope analyses provide a toolset to quantify the role of floodplains as fish habitats. },
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Bell-Tilcock, Miranda and Jeffres, Carson A. and Rypel, Andrew L. and Willmes, Malte and Armstrong, Richard A. and Holden, Peter and Moyle, Peter B. and Fangue, Nann A. and Katz, Jacob V. E. and Sommer, Ted R. and Conrad, J. Louise and Johnson, Rachel C.},
 doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0257444},
 journal = {Plos One},
 number = {10}
}

Floodplains represent critical nursery habitats for a variety of fish species due to their highly productive food webs, yet few tools exist to quantify the extent to which these habitats contribute to ecosystem-level production. Here we conducted a large-scale field experiment to characterize differences in food web composition and stable isotopes (δ¹³C, δ¹⁵N, δ³⁴S) for salmon rearing on a large floodplain and adjacent river in the Central Valley, California, USA. The study covered variable hydrologic conditions including flooding (1999, 2017), average (2016), and drought (2012–2015). In addition, we determined incorporation rates and tissue fractionation between prey and muscle from fish held in enclosed locations (experimental fields, cages) at weekly intervals. Finally, we measured δ³⁴S in otoliths to test if these archival biominerals could be used to reconstruct floodplain use. Floodplain-reared salmon had a different diet composition and lower δ 13 C and δ³⁴S (δ¹³C = -33.02±2.66‰, δ³⁴S = -3.47±2.28‰; mean±1SD) compared to fish in the adjacent river (δ¹³C = -28.37±1.84‰, δ³⁴S = +2.23±2.25‰). These isotopic differences between habitats persisted across years of extreme droughts and floods. Despite the different diet composition, δ¹⁵N values from prey items on the floodplain (δ¹⁵N = 7.19±1.22‰) and river (δ¹⁵N = 7.25±1.46‰) were similar, suggesting similar trophic levels. The food web differences in δ 13 C and δ³⁴S between habitats were also reflected in salmon muscle tissue, reaching equilibrium between 24–30 days (2014, δ¹³C = -30.74±0.73‰, δ³⁴S = -4.6±0.68‰; 2016, δ¹³C = -34.74 ±0.49‰, δ³⁴S = -5.18±0.46‰). δ³⁴S measured in sequential growth bands in otoliths recorded a weekly time-series of shifting diet inputs, with the outermost layers recording time spent on the floodplain (δ³⁴S = -5.60±0.16‰) and river (δ³⁴S = 3.73±0.98‰). Our results suggest that δ¹³C and δ³⁴S can be used to differentiate floodplain and river rearing habitats used by native fishes, such as Chinook Salmon, across different hydrologic conditions and tissues. Together these stable isotope analyses provide a toolset to quantify the role of floodplains as fish habitats.

@article{
 title = {Ontogenetic patterns in the calcification and element incorporation in fin rays of age-0 White Sturgeon},
 type = {article},
 year = {2020},
 websites = {http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s10641-020-01031-1},
 month = {10},
 publisher = {Environmental Biology of Fishes},
 day = {6},
 id = {18cf5102-98a9-3f32-8c3d-46311bcb28e8},
 created = {2020-10-07T18:08:52.064Z},
 file_attached = {true},
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 last_modified = {2021-04-14T19:46:27.006Z},
 read = {true},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {true},
 confirmed = {false},
 hidden = {false},
 citation_key = {Sweeney2020},
 private_publication = {false},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Sweeney, Jamie K and Willmes, Malte and Sellheim, Kirsten and Lewis, Levi S and Hobbs, James A. and Fangue, Nann A and Merz, Joseph E.},
 doi = {10.1007/s10641-020-01031-1},
 journal = {Environmental Biology of Fishes}
}

@inbook{
 type = {inbook},
 year = {2020},
 pages = {237-243},
 publisher = {Zaphon},
 city = {Münster},
 id = {497d5b21-c8c9-3a25-bc83-4218fd2bf20c},
 created = {2020-11-30T01:29:49.720Z},
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 read = {true},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {true},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 citation_key = {Moffat2020a},
 private_publication = {false},
 bibtype = {inbook},
 author = {Moffat, Ian and Joannes-Boyau, Renaud and Kinsley, Leslie and Willmes, Malte and Grün, Rainer},
 editor = {Maeir, Aren M. and Uziel, Joe},
 chapter = {Strontium Isotope Investigation of Human Mobility based on Teeth from Cave T1},
 title = {Tell es-Safi/Gath II Excavations and Studies}
}

@article{
 title = {Bioavailable Soil and Rock Strontium Isotope Data from Israel},
 type = {article},
 year = {2020},
 keywords = {Baseline data,Environmental science,Geochemistry,Geographic regions,Isotopes of strontium,Soil test,Strontium,TRACER},
 pages = {1-16},
 id = {3c43f2c4-b75a-3e7b-b1e4-576c60223297},
 created = {2020-11-30T02:50:58.181Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {b32caa3a-a6aa-3875-9eaa-ba9f1eb70905},
 last_modified = {2021-04-14T19:46:26.737Z},
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 starred = {false},
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 hidden = {false},
 citation_key = {Moffat2020},
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 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Moffat, Ian and Rudd, Rachel and Willmes, Malte and Mortimer, Graham and Kinsley, Les and McMorrow, Linda and Armstrong, Richard and Aubert, Maxime and Grün, Rainer},
 doi = {10.5194/essd-2020-162},
 journal = {Earth System Science Data Discussions},
 number = {July}
}

@article{
 title = {Sampling Plants and Malacofauna in 87Sr/86Sr Bioavailability Studies: Implications for Isoscape Mapping and Reconstructing of Past Mobility Patterns},
 type = {article},
 year = {2020},
 keywords = {archaeology,bioavailability,isoscape,mobility,plants,provenance,snails,strontium},
 pages = {1-16},
 volume = {8},
 id = {eaf7f41f-9b7c-3bd5-b5bd-10f47ef71c76},
 created = {2020-12-15T04:22:39.531Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {b32caa3a-a6aa-3875-9eaa-ba9f1eb70905},
 last_modified = {2021-04-14T19:46:26.735Z},
 read = {true},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {true},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 citation_key = {Britton2020},
 private_publication = {false},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Britton, Kate and Le Corre, Mael and Willmes, Malte and Moffat, Ian and Grün, Rainer and Mannino, Marcello A. and Woodward, Steve and Jaouen, Klervia},
 doi = {10.3389/fevo.2020.579473},
 journal = {Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution},
 number = {December}
}

@article{
 title = {A strontium isoscape of north-east Australia for human provenance and repatriation},
 type = {article},
 year = {2019},
 keywords = {Cape York,bioarchaeology,biogeochemistry,isotope geochemistry,strontium isotopes},
 websites = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/gea.21728},
 month = {3},
 day = {5},
 id = {48b75fba-41e8-3f8c-829c-4aa2db2b9444},
 created = {2019-03-15T01:30:16.442Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {b32caa3a-a6aa-3875-9eaa-ba9f1eb70905},
 last_modified = {2022-09-20T16:16:53.304Z},
 read = {true},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {true},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 citation_key = {Adams2019},
 folder_uuids = {8fb6b0cb-bea9-4b2a-b5ea-55f9046eaa24},
 private_publication = {false},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Adams, Shaun and Grün, Rainer and McGahan, David and Zhao, Jian-Xin and Feng, Yuexing and Nguyen, Ai and Willmes, Malte and Quaresimin, Michael and Lobsey, Brett and Collard, Mark and Westaway, Michael C.},
 doi = {10.1002/gea.21728},
 journal = {Geoarchaeology}
}

@inproceedings{
 title = {Isoscapes in a dynamic system: Advancing tools to reconstruct salinity and temperature life histories of fishes in the San Francisco Estuary},
 type = {inproceedings},
 year = {2019},
 id = {efef455f-bf3e-3290-b181-7053b1ef8d8f},
 created = {2019-03-25T19:32:03.157Z},
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 last_modified = {2022-09-20T16:16:53.845Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {true},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 citation_key = {Willmes2019a},
 private_publication = {false},
 bibtype = {inproceedings},
 author = {Willmes, Malte and Parker, Christina and Baldo, Alyssa and Lewis, Levi S and Denney, Christian and Baxter, Randall and Kendall, Carol and Hobbs, James A},
 booktitle = {Interagency Ecological Program Workshop}
}

@article{
 title = {Who's been using my burial mound? Radiocarbon dating and isotopic tracing of human diet and mobility at the collective burial site, Le Tumulus des Sables, southwest France},
 type = {article},
 year = {2019},
 keywords = {Bell beaker,Burial mound,Isotopic tracing,Mobility,Palaeodiet,Radiocarbon dating,Teeth},
 pages = {955-966},
 volume = {24},
 websites = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S2352409X1830662X},
 month = {4},
 publisher = {Elsevier},
 id = {4a8d5d5a-2f71-3f63-970c-fdfed784c311},
 created = {2019-03-26T17:16:44.288Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {b32caa3a-a6aa-3875-9eaa-ba9f1eb70905},
 last_modified = {2022-09-20T16:16:55.157Z},
 read = {true},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {true},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 citation_key = {James2019},
 private_publication = {false},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {James, Hannah F. and Willmes, Malte and Boel, Ceridwen A. and Courtaud, Patrice and Chancerel, Antoine and Ciesielski, Elsa and Desideri, Jocelyne and Bridy, Audrey and Wood, Rachel and Moffat, Ian and Fallon, Stewart and McMorrow, Linda and Armstrong, Richard A. and Williams, Ian S. and Kinsley, Leslie and Aubert, Maxime and Eggins, Stephen and Frieman, Catherine J. and Grün, Rainer},
 doi = {10.1016/j.jasrep.2019.03.012},
 journal = {Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports},
 number = {March}
}

@article{
 title = {Rocks, teeth, and tools: New insights into early Neanderthal mobility strategies in South-Eastern France from lithic reconstructions and strontium isotope analysis},
 type = {article},
 year = {2019},
 pages = {e0214925},
 volume = {14},
 websites = {http://dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0214925},
 month = {4},
 day = {3},
 id = {c42fce36-51ac-3335-81c0-240e5eb12b60},
 created = {2019-04-04T21:04:03.534Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {b32caa3a-a6aa-3875-9eaa-ba9f1eb70905},
 last_modified = {2022-09-20T16:16:56.475Z},
 read = {true},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {true},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 citation_key = {Moncel2019},
 folder_uuids = {79915dc8-56f7-41bb-bd83-8dce87e170be},
 private_publication = {false},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Moncel, Marie-Hélène and Fernandes, Paul and Willmes, Malte and James, Hannah and Grün, Rainer},
 editor = {Petraglia, Michael D.},
 doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0214925},
 journal = {PLOS ONE},
 number = {4}
}

@article{
 title = {Newly discovered spawning and recruitment of threatened Longfin Smelt in restored and under‐explored tidal wetlands},
 type = {article},
 year = {2019},
 keywords = {a comprehensive understanding of,accurate ecological models and,and habitat use of,climate,effective management and,estuary,is essential for developing,life history,marsh,novel ecosystem,osmerid,otter trawl,outflow,restoration,san francisco,species,spirinchus,the life history strategies,watershed},
 pages = {ecy.2868},
 websites = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/ecy.2868},
 month = {8},
 day = {28},
 id = {a3f2ee00-fcea-3294-b98a-4a85bb0fda33},
 created = {2019-10-02T05:36:33.622Z},
 file_attached = {true},
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 last_modified = {2022-09-20T16:16:51.816Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {true},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 citation_key = {Lewis2019a},
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 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Lewis, Levi S. and Willmes, Malte and Barros, Arthur and Crain, Patrick K. and Hobbs, James A.},
 doi = {10.1002/ecy.2868},
 journal = {Ecology}
}

@article{
 title = {Complex life histories discovered in a critically endangered fish},
 type = {article},
 year = {2019},
 pages = {16772},
 volume = {9},
 websites = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-52273-8,http://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-019-52273-8},
 month = {12},
 publisher = {Springer US},
 day = {14},
 id = {19d5fadb-0ed7-3e52-9e50-59a436de5452},
 created = {2019-11-16T02:52:32.078Z},
 file_attached = {true},
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 authored = {true},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 citation_key = {Hobbs2019},
 private_publication = {false},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Hobbs, James A and Lewis, Levi S and Willmes, Malte and Denney, Christian and Bush, Eva},
 doi = {10.1038/s41598-019-52273-8},
 journal = {Scientific Reports},
 number = {1}
}

@article{
 title = {Calibrating temperature reconstructions from fish otolith oxygen isotope analysis for California's critically endangered Delta Smelt},
 type = {article},
 year = {2019},
 pages = {1207-1220},
 volume = {33},
 websites = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/rcm.8464,https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/rcm.8464},
 month = {7},
 day = {30},
 id = {58668d1b-1fa5-3464-9ac5-c9836704b42d},
 created = {2021-11-29T04:47:36.080Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {b32caa3a-a6aa-3875-9eaa-ba9f1eb70905},
 last_modified = {2022-09-20T16:17:10.735Z},
 read = {true},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {true},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 citation_key = {Willmes2019},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {Rationale: Oxygen isotope ratios (δ18O values) of fish otoliths (ear bones) are valuable geochemical tracers of water conditions and thermal life history. Delta Smelt (Hypomesus transpacificus) are osmerid forage fish endemic to the San Francisco Estuary, California, USA, that are on the verge of extinction. These fish exhibit a complex life history that allows them to survive in a dynamic estuarine environment; however, a rapidly warming climate threatens this thermally sensitive species. Here we quantify the accuracy and precision of using δ18O values in otoliths to reconstruct the thermal life histories of Delta Smelt. Methods: Delta Smelt were reared for 360 days using three different water sources with different ambient δ18Owater values (−8.75‰, −5.28‰, and −4.06‰) and different water temperatures (16.4°C, 16.7°C, 18.7°C, and 20.5°C). Samples were collected after 170 days (n = 28) and 360 days (n = 14) post-hatch. In situ δ18O values were measured from the core of the otolith to the dorsal edge using secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) to reconstruct temporally resolved thermal life histories. Results: The δ18Ootolith values for Delta Smelt varied as a linear inverse function of water temperature: 1000 ln α = 18.39 (±0.43, 1SE)(103TK−1) − 34.56 (±1.49, 1SE) and δ18Ootolith(VPDB) − δ18Owater (VPDB) = 31.34(±0.09, 1SE) − 0.19(±0.01, 1SE) × T ° C. When the ambient δ18Owater value is known, this species-specific temperature-dependent oxygen isotope fractionation model facilitated the accurate (0.25°C) and precise (±0.37°C, 2σ) reconstruction of the water temperature experienced by the fish. In contrast, the use of existing general fractionation equations resulted in inaccurate temperature reconstructions. Conclusions: The species-specific δ18Ootolith fractionation equation allowed for accurate and precise reconstructions of water temperatures experienced by Delta Smelt. Characterization of ambient δ18Owater values remains a critical next step for reconstructing thermal life histories of wild Delta Smelt. This tool will provide new insights into habitat utilization, potential thermal refugia, and resilience to future warming for this critically endangered fish.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Willmes, Malte and Lewis, Levi S. and Davis, Brittany E. and Loiselle, Liane and James, Hannah F. and Denny, Christian and Baxter, Randall and Conrad, J. Louise and Fangue, Nann A. and Hung, Tien‐Chieh and Armstrong, Richard A. and Williams, Ian S. and Holden, Peter and Hobbs, James A.},
 doi = {10.1002/rcm.8464},
 journal = {Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry},
 number = {14}
}

Rationale: Oxygen isotope ratios (δ18O values) of fish otoliths (ear bones) are valuable geochemical tracers of water conditions and thermal life history. Delta Smelt (Hypomesus transpacificus) are osmerid forage fish endemic to the San Francisco Estuary, California, USA, that are on the verge of extinction. These fish exhibit a complex life history that allows them to survive in a dynamic estuarine environment; however, a rapidly warming climate threatens this thermally sensitive species. Here we quantify the accuracy and precision of using δ18O values in otoliths to reconstruct the thermal life histories of Delta Smelt. Methods: Delta Smelt were reared for 360 days using three different water sources with different ambient δ18Owater values (−8.75‰, −5.28‰, and −4.06‰) and different water temperatures (16.4°C, 16.7°C, 18.7°C, and 20.5°C). Samples were collected after 170 days (n = 28) and 360 days (n = 14) post-hatch. In situ δ18O values were measured from the core of the otolith to the dorsal edge using secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) to reconstruct temporally resolved thermal life histories. Results: The δ18Ootolith values for Delta Smelt varied as a linear inverse function of water temperature: 1000 ln α = 18.39 (±0.43, 1SE)(103TK−1) − 34.56 (±1.49, 1SE) and δ18Ootolith(VPDB) − δ18Owater (VPDB) = 31.34(±0.09, 1SE) − 0.19(±0.01, 1SE) × T ° C. When the ambient δ18Owater value is known, this species-specific temperature-dependent oxygen isotope fractionation model facilitated the accurate (0.25°C) and precise (±0.37°C, 2σ) reconstruction of the water temperature experienced by the fish. In contrast, the use of existing general fractionation equations resulted in inaccurate temperature reconstructions. Conclusions: The species-specific δ18Ootolith fractionation equation allowed for accurate and precise reconstructions of water temperatures experienced by Delta Smelt. Characterization of ambient δ18Owater values remains a critical next step for reconstructing thermal life histories of wild Delta Smelt. This tool will provide new insights into habitat utilization, potential thermal refugia, and resilience to future warming for this critically endangered fish.

@article{
 title = {Mapping of bioavailable strontium isotope ratios in France for archaeological provenance studies},
 type = {article},
 year = {2018},
 pages = {75-86},
 volume = {90},
 websites = {http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0883292717304134},
 month = {3},
 id = {aa6c494e-0567-32cf-a7b1-7d40db3c4526},
 created = {2018-01-08T17:07:30.727Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {b32caa3a-a6aa-3875-9eaa-ba9f1eb70905},
 last_modified = {2022-09-20T16:16:29.232Z},
 read = {true},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {true},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 citation_key = {Willmes2018h},
 folder_uuids = {79915dc8-56f7-41bb-bd83-8dce87e170be},
 private_publication = {false},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Willmes, Malte and Bataille, Clement P. and James, Hannah F. and Moffat, Ian and McMorrow, Linda and Kinsley, Leslie and Armstrong, Richard A. and Eggins, Stephen and Grün, Rainer},
 doi = {10.1016/j.apgeochem.2017.12.025},
 journal = {Applied Geochemistry}
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@article{
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@inproceedings{
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@inproceedings{
 title = {Deep in the shallows: Environmental variability and habitat use by native and invasive fishes in San Francisco’s complex saltmarsh complexes},
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@inproceedings{
 title = {The use of strontium isotopes to unravel the life history of fish in California},
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@inproceedings{
 title = {Understanding life history patterns of California’s native fishes},
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 booktitle = {3rd Annual Postdoctoral Research Symposium at UC Davis}
}

@article{
 title = {Improvement of laser ablation in situ micro-analysis to identify diagenetic alteration and measure strontium isotope ratios in fossil human teeth},
 type = {article},
 year = {2016},
 pages = {102-116},
 volume = {70},
 websites = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jas.2016.04.017,https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0305440316300310},
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 doi = {10.1016/j.jas.2016.04.017},
 journal = {Journal of Archaeological Science}
}

@article{
 title = {A comprehensive chronology of the Neanderthal site Moula-Guercy, Ardèche, France},
 type = {article},
 year = {2016},
 pages = {309-319},
 volume = {9},
 websites = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S2352409X16304515},
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 doi = {10.1016/j.jasrep.2016.08.003},
 journal = {Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports}
}

@inproceedings{
 title = {Reconstructing fish life history using strontium isotope laser ablation MC-ICP-MS analysis of scales, spines, and fin rays as a non-lethal alternative to otolith},
 type = {inproceedings},
 year = {2016},
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 booktitle = {Bay‐Delta Science Conference}
}

@inproceedings{
 title = {Use of in situ laser ablation MC-ICP-MS to validate strontium isotope analysis of otoliths, spines, scales and fin rays.},
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 booktitle = {Western Division of the American Fisheries Society}
}

@inproceedings{
 title = {Identifying hatchery versus wild origin of Chinook Salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) on the Feather River spawning grounds using otolith strontium isotope ratios},
 type = {inproceedings},
 year = {2016},
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@article{
 title = {87Sr/86Sr isotope ratio analysis by laser ablation MC-ICP-MS in scales, spines, and fin rays as a nonlethal alternative to otoliths for reconstructing fish life history},
 type = {article},
 year = {2016},
 pages = {1852-1860},
 volume = {73},
 websites = {http://www.nrcresearchpress.com/doi/10.1139/cjfas-2016-0103},
 month = {12},
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 abstract = {Strontium isotope ratios (87Sr/86Sr) in otoliths are a well-established tool to determine origins and movement patterns of fish. However, otolith extraction requires sacrificing fish, and when working with protected or endangered species, the use of nonlethal samples such as scales, spines, and fin rays is preferred. Unlike otoliths that are predominantly aragonite, these tissues are composed of biological apatite. Laser ablation multicollector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-MC-ICP-MS) analysis of biological apatite can induce significant interference on mass 87, causing inaccurate 87Sr/86Sr measurements. To quantify this interference, we applied LA-MC-ICP-MS to three marine samples (white seabass (Atractoscion nobilis) otolith; green sturgeon (Acipenser medirostris) pectoral fin ray; salmon shark (Lamna ditropis) tooth), and freshwater walleye (Sander vitreus) otoliths, scales, and spines). Instrument conditions that maximize signal intensity resulted in elevated 87Sr/86Sr isotope ratios in the bioapatite samples, related to a polyatomic interference (40Ca31P16O, 40Ar31P16O). Retuning instrument conditions to reduce oxide levels removed this interference, resulting in accurate 87Sr/86Sr ratios across all tissue samples. This method provides a novel, nonlethal alternative to otolith analysis to reconstruct fish life histories.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Willmes, Malte and Glessner, Justin J.G. and Carleton, Scott A. and Gerrity, Paul C. and Hobbs, James A.},
 doi = {10.1139/cjfas-2016-0103},
 journal = {Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences},
 number = {12}
}

Strontium isotope ratios (87Sr/86Sr) in otoliths are a well-established tool to determine origins and movement patterns of fish. However, otolith extraction requires sacrificing fish, and when working with protected or endangered species, the use of nonlethal samples such as scales, spines, and fin rays is preferred. Unlike otoliths that are predominantly aragonite, these tissues are composed of biological apatite. Laser ablation multicollector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-MC-ICP-MS) analysis of biological apatite can induce significant interference on mass 87, causing inaccurate 87Sr/86Sr measurements. To quantify this interference, we applied LA-MC-ICP-MS to three marine samples (white seabass (Atractoscion nobilis) otolith; green sturgeon (Acipenser medirostris) pectoral fin ray; salmon shark (Lamna ditropis) tooth), and freshwater walleye (Sander vitreus) otoliths, scales, and spines). Instrument conditions that maximize signal intensity resulted in elevated 87Sr/86Sr isotope ratios in the bioapatite samples, related to a polyatomic interference (40Ca31P16O, 40Ar31P16O). Retuning instrument conditions to reduce oxide levels removed this interference, resulting in accurate 87Sr/86Sr ratios across all tissue samples. This method provides a novel, nonlethal alternative to otolith analysis to reconstruct fish life histories.

@article{
 title = {The distribution of megablocks in the Ries crater, Germany: Remote sensing, field investigation, and statistical analyses},
 type = {article},
 year = {2015},
 keywords = {10,1111,12408,2014,31,and statistical analyses,doi,eoritics,field,germany,in the ries crater,investigation,maps,planetary science 1,remote sensing,the distribution of megablocks},
 pages = {141-171},
 volume = {50},
 websites = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/maps.12408},
 month = {1},
 day = {21},
 id = {709cabff-17f6-354a-8e98-11ffde43b97a},
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 citation_key = {Sturm2015},
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 abstract = {The Ries impact structure, located in Bavaria, southern Germany, has a diameter of 26 km. It is one of the best studied impact craters on the Earth and it is used as an archetype for complex craters across the solar system [e.g. 1, 2]. However its geologic structure still poses questions regarding crater formation mechanics and about the distribution of distinct morphologic units. Especially the hummocky terrain of the megablock zone, which is located between the so-called inner crystalline ring and outer rim of the crater, is not well understood [2]. On the one hand it consists of excavated allochthonous blocks of brecciated crystalline and sedimentary rocks that are embedded in Bunte Breccia (a polymict lithic breccia), on the other hand it is built up of sedimentary blocks that slumped into the crater cavity during crater collapse [2, 3]. Thus the megablock zone gives unique insights into processes of target damaging, fragmentation and excavation and interaction with collapse-induced slumping. Published geologic maps merely display megablocks that are exposed at the surface [4]. A preliminary analysis of the area utilizing Google Earth imagery (average resolution of 1m/pxl) additionally show abundant megablocks in the near subsurface covered by soil that were not yet recorded until now. They are clearly visible in fields with sparse or no vegetation and show a structure and morphology similar to megablock outcrops at the surface. The megablocks could not be observed in fields with dense vegetation and residential areas. Visibility of megablocks in the fields is likely due to differences in humidity in the top soil caused by the different underlying megablock material. Using a 1-3 m shallow drilling device (Pürckhauer) we were able to prove the existence of several megablock structures that are clearly visible in remote sensing images. Their top was reached at a depth of around 2-3 m. A field campaign using a percussion piston corer in combination with the analysis of new high-resolution remote sensing images from the HRSC-AX Camera (resolution 20 cm/pxl) is carried out to further investigate the distribution, composition, and size of megablocks in the subsurface of the Ries crater as a function of radial distance to the crater center. The remote sensing images allow for a detailed mapping of the megablock structures while the field campaign provides ground truth. This is especially important since this detection technique has not been used on recognition of megablock structures before. To compensate for the problems of megablock visibility due to different levels of vegetation we will use Google Earth and HRSC-AX images that have been taken at different times. With the proposed combination of datasets, we will significantly increase our chance to observe megablock structures, thereby increasing our knowledge. Extensive field work also allows for detailed composition and structural analysis of the megablocks at the surface. Combining existing geologic maps [4 and references therein] with our results will yield a comprehensive map of the megablock zone of the Ries crater. Detailed analysis will provide a more in-depth understanding of the Ries impact crater, its complex geologic history and the emplacement mechanism of megablock structures in complex craters. These results can then be compared to similar complex impact craters on the Earth and on other terrestrial bodies like the Moon and Mars. References [1] Stöffler, 1997, Geologica Bavarica, 75, 163-189; [2] Kenkmann and Ivanov, 2006, Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 252, 15-29; [3] Pohl et al., 1977, Impact and Explosion Cratering, Flagstaff, Arizona; [4] Hüttner and Schmidt-Kaler, 1999, Geologica Bavarica, 104, 7.76.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Sturm, Sebastian and Kenkmann, Thomas and Willmes, Malte and Pösges, Gisela and Hiesinger, Harald},
 doi = {10.1111/maps.12408},
 journal = {Meteoritics & Planetary Science},
 number = {1}
}

The Ries impact structure, located in Bavaria, southern Germany, has a diameter of 26 km. It is one of the best studied impact craters on the Earth and it is used as an archetype for complex craters across the solar system [e.g. 1, 2]. However its geologic structure still poses questions regarding crater formation mechanics and about the distribution of distinct morphologic units. Especially the hummocky terrain of the megablock zone, which is located between the so-called inner crystalline ring and outer rim of the crater, is not well understood [2]. On the one hand it consists of excavated allochthonous blocks of brecciated crystalline and sedimentary rocks that are embedded in Bunte Breccia (a polymict lithic breccia), on the other hand it is built up of sedimentary blocks that slumped into the crater cavity during crater collapse [2, 3]. Thus the megablock zone gives unique insights into processes of target damaging, fragmentation and excavation and interaction with collapse-induced slumping. Published geologic maps merely display megablocks that are exposed at the surface [4]. A preliminary analysis of the area utilizing Google Earth imagery (average resolution of 1m/pxl) additionally show abundant megablocks in the near subsurface covered by soil that were not yet recorded until now. They are clearly visible in fields with sparse or no vegetation and show a structure and morphology similar to megablock outcrops at the surface. The megablocks could not be observed in fields with dense vegetation and residential areas. Visibility of megablocks in the fields is likely due to differences in humidity in the top soil caused by the different underlying megablock material. Using a 1-3 m shallow drilling device (Pürckhauer) we were able to prove the existence of several megablock structures that are clearly visible in remote sensing images. Their top was reached at a depth of around 2-3 m. A field campaign using a percussion piston corer in combination with the analysis of new high-resolution remote sensing images from the HRSC-AX Camera (resolution 20 cm/pxl) is carried out to further investigate the distribution, composition, and size of megablocks in the subsurface of the Ries crater as a function of radial distance to the crater center. The remote sensing images allow for a detailed mapping of the megablock structures while the field campaign provides ground truth. This is especially important since this detection technique has not been used on recognition of megablock structures before. To compensate for the problems of megablock visibility due to different levels of vegetation we will use Google Earth and HRSC-AX images that have been taken at different times. With the proposed combination of datasets, we will significantly increase our chance to observe megablock structures, thereby increasing our knowledge. Extensive field work also allows for detailed composition and structural analysis of the megablocks at the surface. Combining existing geologic maps [4 and references therein] with our results will yield a comprehensive map of the megablock zone of the Ries crater. Detailed analysis will provide a more in-depth understanding of the Ries impact crater, its complex geologic history and the emplacement mechanism of megablock structures in complex craters. These results can then be compared to similar complex impact craters on the Earth and on other terrestrial bodies like the Moon and Mars. References [1] Stöffler, 1997, Geologica Bavarica, 75, 163-189; [2] Kenkmann and Ivanov, 2006, Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 252, 15-29; [3] Pohl et al., 1977, Impact and Explosion Cratering, Flagstaff, Arizona; [4] Hüttner and Schmidt-Kaler, 1999, Geologica Bavarica, 104, 7.76.

@inproceedings{
 title = {Phenotype Variability of Chinook Salmon on the Feather River Spawning Grounds: Using otolith strontium isotope ratios to determine run-timing and natal origins},
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@phdthesis{
 title = {Strontium isotope tracing of prehistoric human mobility in France},
 type = {phdthesis},
 year = {2015},
 pages = {180},
 institution = {The Australian National University},
 department = {Research School of Earth Sciences},
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@inproceedings{
 title = {Oxygen and strontium isotope tracing of human migration at the Bell Beaker site Le Tumulus des Sables, France.},
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 author = {Willmes, Malte and James, Hannah and Boel, Ceridwen A. and Courtaud, Patrice and Chancerel, Antoine and McMorrow, Linda and Armstrong, Richard A. and Kinsley, Leslie and Aubert, Maxime and Eggins, Stephen and Moffat, Ian and Grün, Rainer},
 booktitle = {Geophysical Research Abstracts Vol. 16 EGU2014-4763}
}

@article{
 title = {The IRHUM (Isotopic Reconstruction of Human Migration) database – bioavailable strontium isotope ratios for geochemical fingerprinting in France},
 type = {article},
 year = {2014},
 pages = {117-122},
 volume = {6},
 websites = {https://essd.copernicus.org/articles/6/117/2014/},
 month = {3},
 publisher = {Copernicus GmbH},
 day = {25},
 id = {27711a3d-c474-300d-ba07-559e6f3dd01d},
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 author = {Willmes, Malte and McMorrow, Linda and Kinsley, Leslie and Armstrong, Richard A. and Aubert, Maxime and Eggins, Stephen and Falguères, Christophe and Maureille, Bruno and Moffat, Ian and Grün, Rainer},
 doi = {10.5194/essd-6-117-2014},
 journal = {Earth System Science Data},
 number = {1}
}

@inproceedings{
 title = {Least destructive sampling of human remains using laser drilling for Sr isotope analysis by TIMS},
 type = {inproceedings},
 year = {2013},
 pages = {6494},
 websites = {http://xlink.rsc.org/?DOI=b412730g},
 id = {0286aebb-81b2-3c1b-a7cf-e7ceb2011209},
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 last_modified = {2018-05-26T21:13:54.695Z},
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 hidden = {false},
 citation_key = {Willmes2013a},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {In situ Sr-isotope analysis by laser ablation multi-collector ICP-MS is a potentially powerful tracer technique with widespread application to many fields of study. The usefulness of the method, however, depends very strongly upon the quality of data that can be obtained ( compared with conventional 'solution-based' analyses), and the spatial resolution, particularly in samples with strong compositional zonation or fine-scale growth banding. In this contribution we show that highly accurate (similar to50 ppm) and precise (external precision similar to125 ppm) analyses of carbonate materials can be obtained in situ and further demonstrate that, by utilising the aperture-imaging optics of an excimer laser system with appropriate time-resolved software, isotopic variations on the scale of tens of micrometres can be resolved. An example is shown using relatively small (similar to500 mum diameter) otoliths from a diadromous fish species, Galaxias maculatus.},
 bibtype = {inproceedings},
 author = {Willmes, Malte and Moffat, Ian and Grün, Rainer and Armstrong, Richard A. and Kinsley, Leslie and McMorrow, Linda},
 doi = {10.1039/b412730g},
 booktitle = {Geophysical Research Abstracts Vol. 15 EGU2013-6494}
}

In situ Sr-isotope analysis by laser ablation multi-collector ICP-MS is a potentially powerful tracer technique with widespread application to many fields of study. The usefulness of the method, however, depends very strongly upon the quality of data that can be obtained ( compared with conventional 'solution-based' analyses), and the spatial resolution, particularly in samples with strong compositional zonation or fine-scale growth banding. In this contribution we show that highly accurate (similar to50 ppm) and precise (external precision similar to125 ppm) analyses of carbonate materials can be obtained in situ and further demonstrate that, by utilising the aperture-imaging optics of an excimer laser system with appropriate time-resolved software, isotopic variations on the scale of tens of micrometres can be resolved. An example is shown using relatively small (similar to500 mum diameter) otoliths from a diadromous fish species, Galaxias maculatus.

@inproceedings{
 title = {The IRHUM database - bioavailable strontium isotope ratios of France for geochemical tracing of prehistoric human migrations},
 type = {inproceedings},
 year = {2013},
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 citation_key = {Willmes2013},
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 bibtype = {inproceedings},
 author = {Willmes, Malte and McMorrow, Linda and Kinsley, Leslie and Armstrong, Richard A. and Aubert, Maxime and Falguères, Christophe and Maureille, Bruno and Moffat, Ian and Grün, Rainer},
 booktitle = {INQUA 2013 Early Career Researcher Inter-congress meeting: 2nd– 6th December, University of Wollongong.}
}

@article{
 title = {Laser ablation depth profiling of U-series and Sr isotopes in human fossils},
 type = {article},
 year = {2013},
 keywords = {Method},
 pages = {2991-3000},
 volume = {40},
 websites = {http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0305440313000848},
 month = {3},
 publisher = {Elsevier Ltd},
 id = {263fe91f-033e-3bbe-9d40-de4ec20b70eb},
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 accessed = {2013-03-25},
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 citation_key = {Benson2013},
 folder_uuids = {8fb6b0cb-bea9-4b2a-b5ea-55f9046eaa24},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {We have explored laser depth profiling to obtain data sets for U-series as well as Sr analyses. Laser probing with an 81μm spot size allows for the exploration of low uranium domains of up to 400μm below the outer surface in tooth enamel. These low U domains will contain Sr isotope compositions of the individual, that are least affected by diagenetic Sr overprints. The small holes drilled for U surveying are not visible to the naked eye. Using larger spot sizes of around 233μm, laser drilling can be used to obtain reliable U-series isotope data to a depth of approximately 1000μm in enamel and around 1300μm in bone. Furthermore, meaningful 87Sr/86Sr isotope data can also be obtained with this spot size. Using our sampling strategy, the overall damage to a human tooth is minute, as demonstrated on a Neanderthal tooth from Moula-Guercy. We expect that laser ablation depth profiling will become routine for gaining insights into the age of human fossils and the migrations of ancient humans. © 2013 Elsevier Ltd.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Benson, Alexa and Kinsley, Leslie and Willmes, Malte and Defleur, Alban R. and Kokkonen, Harri and Mussi, Margherita and Grün, Rainer},
 doi = {10.1016/j.jas.2013.02.028},
 journal = {Journal of Archaeological Science},
 number = {40}
}

We have explored laser depth profiling to obtain data sets for U-series as well as Sr analyses. Laser probing with an 81μm spot size allows for the exploration of low uranium domains of up to 400μm below the outer surface in tooth enamel. These low U domains will contain Sr isotope compositions of the individual, that are least affected by diagenetic Sr overprints. The small holes drilled for U surveying are not visible to the naked eye. Using larger spot sizes of around 233μm, laser drilling can be used to obtain reliable U-series isotope data to a depth of approximately 1000μm in enamel and around 1300μm in bone. Furthermore, meaningful 87Sr/86Sr isotope data can also be obtained with this spot size. Using our sampling strategy, the overall damage to a human tooth is minute, as demonstrated on a Neanderthal tooth from Moula-Guercy. We expect that laser ablation depth profiling will become routine for gaining insights into the age of human fossils and the migrations of ancient humans. © 2013 Elsevier Ltd.

@inproceedings{
 title = {The IRHUM database - bioavailable strontium isotope ratios of France for geochemical fingerprinting in archaeology and forensic sciences},
 type = {inproceedings},
 year = {2013},
 pages = {6898},
 volume = {6},
 month = {11},
 day = {25},
 id = {36a36a17-47d2-3f77-93e4-9b11c945db7b},
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 read = {true},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {true},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 citation_key = {Willmes2013b},
 private_publication = {false},
 bibtype = {inproceedings},
 author = {Willmes, Malte and McMorrow, Linda and Kinsley, Leslie and Armstrong, Richard A. and Aubert, Maxime and Falguères, Christophe and Maureille, Bruno and Moffat, Ian and Grün, Rainer},
 booktitle = {21st Annual RACI Environmental and Analytical Division R&D Topics Conference, The Australian National University, 11th – 13th December}
}

@inproceedings{
 title = {The IRHUM database - bioavailable strontium isotope ratios of France for geochemical fingerprinting},
 type = {inproceedings},
 year = {2013},
 websites = {http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013EGUGA..15.6898W},
 id = {d5d6004a-c673-39ea-a50d-9bd0aa48e3ee},
 created = {2015-02-08T02:57:42.000Z},
 accessed = {2015-02-08},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {b32caa3a-a6aa-3875-9eaa-ba9f1eb70905},
 last_modified = {2018-05-26T22:43:01.640Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {true},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 citation_key = {Willmes2013c},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {Strontium isotope ratios (87Sr/86Sr) are used as a geochemical tracer in a wide range of fields including archaeology, ecology, soil, food and forensic sciences. These applications are based on the principle that strontium isotopic ratios of materials reflect the geological sources of the strontium, which were available during its formation. Geologic regions with distinct strontium isotope ranges, which depend on their age and composition, can be differentiated. A major constraint for current studies is the lack of robust reference maps to evaluate the strontium isotope ratios measured in the samples. The aim of the IRHUM (isotopic reconstruction of human migration) database is to provide a reference map of bioavailable strontium isotope ratios for continental France. The current dataset contains 400 sample locations covering the major geologic units of the Paris and Aquitaine Basin, the Massif Central, and the Pyrenees. At each site soil and plant samples have been collected to cover the whole range of strontium ratios at a specific location. The database is available online at www.rses.anu.edu.au/research-areas/archaeogeochemistry and contains the bioavailable strontium isotope data as well as major and trace element concentrations for soil and plant samples. Strontium isotopes were analysed using a Neptune multi-collector inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometer (MC-ICP-MS) and elemental concentrations with a Varian Vista Pro Axial ICP-AES (inductively-coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometer). In addition, IRHUM provides spatial context for each sample, including background geology, field observations and soil descriptions. This metadata allows users to evaluate the suitability of a specific data point for their study. The IRHUM database fills an important gap between high resolution studies from specific sites (e.g. archaeological sites), to the very broad geochemical mapping of Europe. Thus it provides an excellent tool to evaluate the regional context of a sample and complement more closed spaced studies. New results will be added to the database continuously with the aim of covering all major geologic units of France within the next year.},
 bibtype = {inproceedings},
 author = {Willmes, Malte and Moffat, Ian and Grün, Rainer and Armstrong, Richard A. and Kinsley, Leslie and McMorrow, Linda},
 booktitle = {Geophysical Research Abstracts Vol. 15, EGU2013-6898}
}

Strontium isotope ratios (87Sr/86Sr) are used as a geochemical tracer in a wide range of fields including archaeology, ecology, soil, food and forensic sciences. These applications are based on the principle that strontium isotopic ratios of materials reflect the geological sources of the strontium, which were available during its formation. Geologic regions with distinct strontium isotope ranges, which depend on their age and composition, can be differentiated. A major constraint for current studies is the lack of robust reference maps to evaluate the strontium isotope ratios measured in the samples. The aim of the IRHUM (isotopic reconstruction of human migration) database is to provide a reference map of bioavailable strontium isotope ratios for continental France. The current dataset contains 400 sample locations covering the major geologic units of the Paris and Aquitaine Basin, the Massif Central, and the Pyrenees. At each site soil and plant samples have been collected to cover the whole range of strontium ratios at a specific location. The database is available online at www.rses.anu.edu.au/research-areas/archaeogeochemistry and contains the bioavailable strontium isotope data as well as major and trace element concentrations for soil and plant samples. Strontium isotopes were analysed using a Neptune multi-collector inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometer (MC-ICP-MS) and elemental concentrations with a Varian Vista Pro Axial ICP-AES (inductively-coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometer). In addition, IRHUM provides spatial context for each sample, including background geology, field observations and soil descriptions. This metadata allows users to evaluate the suitability of a specific data point for their study. The IRHUM database fills an important gap between high resolution studies from specific sites (e.g. archaeological sites), to the very broad geochemical mapping of Europe. Thus it provides an excellent tool to evaluate the regional context of a sample and complement more closed spaced studies. New results will be added to the database continuously with the aim of covering all major geologic units of France within the next year.

@article{
 title = {Surface age of the ice–dust mantle deposit in Malea Planum, Mars},
 type = {article},
 year = {2012},
 keywords = {Crater degradation,Icedust mantle,Malea Planum,Mars,Recent martian climate change},
 pages = {199-206},
 volume = {60},
 websites = {http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0032063311002625},
 month = {1},
 publisher = {Elsevier},
 day = {14},
 id = {75f3a8ea-090e-3023-a106-f5eec76558d3},
 created = {2012-01-12T03:08:19.000Z},
 accessed = {2012-01-12},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {b32caa3a-a6aa-3875-9eaa-ba9f1eb70905},
 last_modified = {2018-05-26T20:51:55.932Z},
 read = {true},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {true},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 citation_key = {Willmes2012b},
 language = {en},
 notes = {<b>From Duplicate 1 ( </b><br/><br/><b><br/><i>Surface age of the ice–dust mantle deposit in Malea Planum, Mars</i><br/></b><br/><br/><b>- Willmes, Malte; Reiss, Dennis; Hiesinger, Harald; Zanetti, Michael )<br/><br/></b>},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {The mid- and high-latitudes of Mars are covered by a smooth young mantle that is interpreted as an atmospherically derived air-fall deposit of ice and dust related to recent climate changes. In order to determine relative and absolute ages of this surface unit within the southern hemisphere, a systematic survey of all available HiRISE and CTX images in the Malea Planum region from 5560??S latitude and 5070??E longitude was performed and the distribution and the morphology of small impact craters on the mantle deposit were investigated. Using crater size-frequency measurements, we derived absolute model ages of ???35 Ma for the surface of the mantle, immediately south of the Hellas basin rim. Morphologic observations of the mantle, its fresh appearance, very low number of craters, and superposition on older units support this very young Amazonian age. Nearly all observed craters on the smooth mantle in Malea Planum are small and show signs of erosion, evidence for the ongoing modification of the ice-dust mantle. However, this modification has not been strong enough to reset the surface age. Compared to the ice-dust mantle at higher latitudes in the northern and southern hemisphere, the surface of the mantle in Malea Planum is older and thus has been relatively stable during obliquity changes in the last ???35 Ma. This is consistent with the hypothesis that the ice-dust mantle is a complex surface deposit of different layers, that shows a strong latitude dependence in morphology and has been deposited and degraded at different times in martian history. ?? 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Willmes, Malte and Reiss, Dennis and Hiesinger, Harald and Zanetti, Michael},
 doi = {10.1016/j.pss.2011.08.006},
 journal = {Planetary and Space Science},
 number = {1}
}

The mid- and high-latitudes of Mars are covered by a smooth young mantle that is interpreted as an atmospherically derived air-fall deposit of ice and dust related to recent climate changes. In order to determine relative and absolute ages of this surface unit within the southern hemisphere, a systematic survey of all available HiRISE and CTX images in the Malea Planum region from 5560??S latitude and 5070??E longitude was performed and the distribution and the morphology of small impact craters on the mantle deposit were investigated. Using crater size-frequency measurements, we derived absolute model ages of ???35 Ma for the surface of the mantle, immediately south of the Hellas basin rim. Morphologic observations of the mantle, its fresh appearance, very low number of craters, and superposition on older units support this very young Amazonian age. Nearly all observed craters on the smooth mantle in Malea Planum are small and show signs of erosion, evidence for the ongoing modification of the ice-dust mantle. However, this modification has not been strong enough to reset the surface age. Compared to the ice-dust mantle at higher latitudes in the northern and southern hemisphere, the surface of the mantle in Malea Planum is older and thus has been relatively stable during obliquity changes in the last ???35 Ma. This is consistent with the hypothesis that the ice-dust mantle is a complex surface deposit of different layers, that shows a strong latitude dependence in morphology and has been deposited and degraded at different times in martian history. ?? 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

@inproceedings{
 title = {Isotopic reconstruction of ancient human migrations: A comprehensive Sr isotope reference database for France and the first case study at Tumulus de Sables, south-western France},
 type = {inproceedings},
 year = {2012},
 pages = {7201},
 volume = {14},
 websites = {http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012EGUGA..14.7201W},
 month = {4},
 day = {14},
 id = {c534a4db-a08b-30c3-af09-61893980ef79},
 created = {2012-02-20T06:46:05.000Z},
 accessed = {2012-09-14},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {b32caa3a-a6aa-3875-9eaa-ba9f1eb70905},
 last_modified = {2018-05-26T20:51:46.599Z},
 read = {true},
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 authored = {true},
 confirmed = {true},
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 citation_key = {Willmes2012c},
 language = {en},
 notes = {<b>From Duplicate 1 ( </b><br/><br/><b><br/><i>Isotopic reconstruction of ancient human migrations: A comprehensive Sr isotope reference database for France and the first case study at Tumulus de Sables, south-western France</i><br/></b><br/><br/><b>- Willmes, M.; Boel, C.; Grün, R.; Armstrong, R.; Chancerel, A.; Maureille, B.; Courtaud, P. )<br/><br/></b>},
 private_publication = {false},
 bibtype = {inproceedings},
 author = {Willmes, Malte and Boel, Ceridwen A. and Grün, Rainer and Armstrong, Richard A. and Chancerel, Antoine and Maureille, Bruno and Courtaud, Patrice},
 booktitle = {Geophysical Research Abstracts Vol. 14, EGU2012-7201-2}
}

@inproceedings{
 title = {Isotopic Reconstruction of Ancient Human Migration (IRHUM): A Bioavailable Sr Isotope Reference Database for France and Case Study at the Bell Beaker Site Tumulus de Sables, South-Western France.},
 type = {inproceedings},
 year = {2012},
 id = {1ff53213-7ec1-3ec7-8968-1c4e1bc8f4dc},
 created = {2013-03-24T01:58:23.000Z},
 file_attached = {true},
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 read = {true},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {true},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 citation_key = {Willmes2012a},
 private_publication = {false},
 bibtype = {inproceedings},
 author = {Willmes, Malte and Boel, Ceridwen A. and Grün, Rainer and Moffat, Ian and Armstrong, Richard A. and Chancerel, Antoine and Maureille, Bruno and Courtaud, Patrice},
 booktitle = {AAA conference 2012}
}

@inproceedings{
 title = {The bioavailable Sr isotope reference database of France — a tool for archaeology and forensic sciences},
 type = {inproceedings},
 year = {2012},
 pages = {2207},
 id = {48f70b80-3226-365d-9106-1d0418c9ca2d},
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 bibtype = {inproceedings},
 author = {Willmes, Malte and Boel, Ceridwen A. and Grün, Rainer and Armstrong, Richard A. and Chancerel, Antoine and Maureille, Bruno and Courtaud, Patrice},
 booktitle = {34th International Geological Congress}
}

@inproceedings{
 title = {Megablocks in the Ries impact crater, Germany: New discoveries and statistical analysis of distribution and lithologies},
 type = {inproceedings},
 year = {2011},
 volume = {d},
 id = {893dbb9a-cbb0-393f-bcad-ee020d3a39e8},
 created = {2013-03-24T01:51:46.000Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {b32caa3a-a6aa-3875-9eaa-ba9f1eb70905},
 last_modified = {2018-05-26T21:44:50.208Z},
 read = {true},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {true},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 citation_key = {Sturm2011},
 private_publication = {false},
 bibtype = {inproceedings},
 author = {Sturm, Sebastian and Willmes, Malte and Hiesinger, Harald and Kenkmann, Thomas and Pösges, Gisela},
 booktitle = {42nd Lunar and Planetary Science Conference}
}

@inproceedings{
 title = {Crater retention ages of the ice-dust mantle deposit in Malea Planum, Mars.},
 type = {inproceedings},
 year = {2011},
 id = {215c7652-82b7-3476-8b7a-01925e0914b2},
 created = {2013-03-24T01:56:58.000Z},
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 starred = {false},
 authored = {true},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 citation_key = {Willmes2011},
 private_publication = {false},
 bibtype = {inproceedings},
 author = {Willmes, Malte and Hiesinger, Harald and Reiss, Dennis and Zanetti, Michael},
 booktitle = {11th Australian Space Science Conference}
}

@inproceedings{
 title = {Detection of Subsurface Megablocks in the Ries Crater, Germany: Results from a Field Campaign and Remote Sensing Analysis},
 type = {inproceedings},
 year = {2010},
 pages = {#7002},
 id = {5afac699-7a44-33a3-b315-d347b7f15c0f},
 created = {2012-03-05T09:15:52.000Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {b32caa3a-a6aa-3875-9eaa-ba9f1eb70905},
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 authored = {true},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 citation_key = {Willmes2010},
 private_publication = {false},
 bibtype = {inproceedings},
 author = {Willmes, Malte and Sturm, Sebastian and Hiesinger, Harald and Kenkmann, Thomas and Pösges, Gisela},
 booktitle = {LPI Conference in Nördlingen 2010, The Ries crater, the Moon, and the Future of Human Space Exploration.}
}

@inproceedings{
 title = {Distribution of megablocks in the Ries crater, Germany: Remote sensing and field analysis},
 type = {inproceedings},
 year = {2010},
 keywords = {10,1111,12408,2014,31,and statistical analyses,doi,eoritics,field,germany,in the ries crater,investigation,maps,planetary science 1,remote sensing,the distribution of megablocks},
 pages = {5212},
 volume = {12},
 websites = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/maps.12408},
 month = {12},
 day = {21},
 id = {bc9bacab-013b-3194-96b6-c19157230b69},
 created = {2015-02-08T01:41:41.000Z},
 accessed = {2014-12-22},
 file_attached = {false},
 profile_id = {b32caa3a-a6aa-3875-9eaa-ba9f1eb70905},
 last_modified = {2017-03-09T15:55:20.304Z},
 read = {true},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {true},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 citation_key = {Sturm2010},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {The Ries impact structure, located in Bavaria, southern Germany, has a diameter of 26 km. It is one of the best studied impact craters on the Earth and it is used as an archetype for complex craters across the solar system [e.g. 1, 2]. However its geologic structure still poses questions regarding crater formation mechanics and about the distribution of distinct morphologic units. Especially the hummocky terrain of the megablock zone, which is located between the so-called inner crystalline ring and outer rim of the crater, is not well understood [2]. On the one hand it consists of excavated allochthonous blocks of brecciated crystalline and sedimentary rocks that are embedded in Bunte Breccia (a polymict lithic breccia), on the other hand it is built up of sedimentary blocks that slumped into the crater cavity during crater collapse [2, 3]. Thus the megablock zone gives unique insights into processes of target damaging, fragmentation and excavation and interaction with collapse-induced slumping. Published geologic maps merely display megablocks that are exposed at the surface [4]. A preliminary analysis of the area utilizing Google Earth imagery (average resolution of 1m/pxl) additionally show abundant megablocks in the near subsurface covered by soil that were not yet recorded until now. They are clearly visible in fields with sparse or no vegetation and show a structure and morphology similar to megablock outcrops at the surface. The megablocks could not be observed in fields with dense vegetation and residential areas. Visibility of megablocks in the fields is likely due to differences in humidity in the top soil caused by the different underlying megablock material. Using a 1-3 m shallow drilling device (Pürckhauer) we were able to prove the existence of several megablock structures that are clearly visible in remote sensing images. Their top was reached at a depth of around 2-3 m. A field campaign using a percussion piston corer in combination with the analysis of new high-resolution remote sensing images from the HRSC-AX Camera (resolution 20 cm/pxl) is carried out to further investigate the distribution, composition, and size of megablocks in the subsurface of the Ries crater as a function of radial distance to the crater center. The remote sensing images allow for a detailed mapping of the megablock structures while the field campaign provides ground truth. This is especially important since this detection technique has not been used on recognition of megablock structures before. To compensate for the problems of megablock visibility due to different levels of vegetation we will use Google Earth and HRSC-AX images that have been taken at different times. With the proposed combination of datasets, we will significantly increase our chance to observe megablock structures, thereby increasing our knowledge. Extensive field work also allows for detailed composition and structural analysis of the megablocks at the surface. Combining existing geologic maps [4 and references therein] with our results will yield a comprehensive map of the megablock zone of the Ries crater. Detailed analysis will provide a more in-depth understanding of the Ries impact crater, its complex geologic history and the emplacement mechanism of megablock structures in complex craters. These results can then be compared to similar complex impact craters on the Earth and on other terrestrial bodies like the Moon and Mars. References [1] Stöffler, 1997, Geologica Bavarica, 75, 163-189; [2] Kenkmann and Ivanov, 2006, Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 252, 15-29; [3] Pohl et al., 1977, Impact and Explosion Cratering, Flagstaff, Arizona; [4] Hüttner and Schmidt-Kaler, 1999, Geologica Bavarica, 104, 7.76.},
 bibtype = {inproceedings},
 author = {Sturm, Sebastian and Willmes, Malte and Hiesinger, Harald and Kenkmann, Thomas and Pösges, Gisela},
 doi = {10.1111/maps.12408},
 booktitle = {Geophysical Research Abstracts Vol. 12, EGU2010-5212-1}
}

The Ries impact structure, located in Bavaria, southern Germany, has a diameter of 26 km. It is one of the best studied impact craters on the Earth and it is used as an archetype for complex craters across the solar system [e.g. 1, 2]. However its geologic structure still poses questions regarding crater formation mechanics and about the distribution of distinct morphologic units. Especially the hummocky terrain of the megablock zone, which is located between the so-called inner crystalline ring and outer rim of the crater, is not well understood [2]. On the one hand it consists of excavated allochthonous blocks of brecciated crystalline and sedimentary rocks that are embedded in Bunte Breccia (a polymict lithic breccia), on the other hand it is built up of sedimentary blocks that slumped into the crater cavity during crater collapse [2, 3]. Thus the megablock zone gives unique insights into processes of target damaging, fragmentation and excavation and interaction with collapse-induced slumping. Published geologic maps merely display megablocks that are exposed at the surface [4]. A preliminary analysis of the area utilizing Google Earth imagery (average resolution of 1m/pxl) additionally show abundant megablocks in the near subsurface covered by soil that were not yet recorded until now. They are clearly visible in fields with sparse or no vegetation and show a structure and morphology similar to megablock outcrops at the surface. The megablocks could not be observed in fields with dense vegetation and residential areas. Visibility of megablocks in the fields is likely due to differences in humidity in the top soil caused by the different underlying megablock material. Using a 1-3 m shallow drilling device (Pürckhauer) we were able to prove the existence of several megablock structures that are clearly visible in remote sensing images. Their top was reached at a depth of around 2-3 m. A field campaign using a percussion piston corer in combination with the analysis of new high-resolution remote sensing images from the HRSC-AX Camera (resolution 20 cm/pxl) is carried out to further investigate the distribution, composition, and size of megablocks in the subsurface of the Ries crater as a function of radial distance to the crater center. The remote sensing images allow for a detailed mapping of the megablock structures while the field campaign provides ground truth. This is especially important since this detection technique has not been used on recognition of megablock structures before. To compensate for the problems of megablock visibility due to different levels of vegetation we will use Google Earth and HRSC-AX images that have been taken at different times. With the proposed combination of datasets, we will significantly increase our chance to observe megablock structures, thereby increasing our knowledge. Extensive field work also allows for detailed composition and structural analysis of the megablocks at the surface. Combining existing geologic maps [4 and references therein] with our results will yield a comprehensive map of the megablock zone of the Ries crater. Detailed analysis will provide a more in-depth understanding of the Ries impact crater, its complex geologic history and the emplacement mechanism of megablock structures in complex craters. These results can then be compared to similar complex impact craters on the Earth and on other terrestrial bodies like the Moon and Mars. References [1] Stöffler, 1997, Geologica Bavarica, 75, 163-189; [2] Kenkmann and Ivanov, 2006, Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 252, 15-29; [3] Pohl et al., 1977, Impact and Explosion Cratering, Flagstaff, Arizona; [4] Hüttner and Schmidt-Kaler, 1999, Geologica Bavarica, 104, 7.76.

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