Keyword: gbms
2019 (1)
Effect of body length, trophic position and habitat use on mercury concentrations of sharks from contrasted ecosystems in the southwestern Indian Ocean. Le Bourg, B., Kiszka, J., J., Bustamante, P., Heithaus, M., R., Jaquemet, S., & Humber, F. Environmental Research, 169:387-395, 2019.
abstract bibtex
abstract bibtex
The non-essential metal mercury (Hg) can have deleterious effects on health of organisms, and tends to bioaccumulate with age in long-lived organisms and to biomagnify along food webs. Because elasmobranchs are fished for human consumption and their Hg levels are frequently above the maximum Hg concentration recommended for fish consumption, understanding the drivers of Hg concentration is of considerable interest. Total Hg concentrations were analysed in muscle tissues of 14 shark and 2 batoid species (n = 339 individuals) sampled across multiple habitats (coastal, open ocean and bathyal) in the southwestern Indian Ocean. Stable isotope ratios of carbon (δ13C) and nitrogen (δ15N) were analysed to assess whether relative trophic position and foraging habitats affected Hg concentrations. Hg concentrations increased with δ15N and body length, highlighting the mechanisms of bioaccumulation and biomagnification in relation with the trophic position and size of the individuals. Habitats where elasmobranchs were collected also affected their Hg concentrations. Bathyal sharks had high Hg concentrations that were almost similar to those of oceanic species, despite their lower relative trophic position. Higher bioavailability of Hg due to its enhanced methylation in deeper waters was considered as the most likely explanation for this result. These results highlight that multiple factors contribute to mercury accumulation in elasmobranchs.
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abstract = {The non-essential metal mercury (Hg) can have deleterious effects on health of organisms, and tends to bioaccumulate with age in long-lived organisms and to biomagnify along food webs. Because elasmobranchs are fished for human consumption and their Hg levels are frequently above the maximum Hg concentration recommended for fish consumption, understanding the drivers of Hg concentration is of considerable interest. Total Hg concentrations were analysed in muscle tissues of 14 shark and 2 batoid species (n = 339 individuals) sampled across multiple habitats (coastal, open ocean and bathyal) in the southwestern Indian Ocean. Stable isotope ratios of carbon (δ13C) and nitrogen (δ15N) were analysed to assess whether relative trophic position and foraging habitats affected Hg concentrations. Hg concentrations increased with δ15N and body length, highlighting the mechanisms of bioaccumulation and biomagnification in relation with the trophic position and size of the individuals. Habitats where elasmobranchs were collected also affected their Hg concentrations. Bathyal sharks had high Hg concentrations that were almost similar to those of oceanic species, despite their lower relative trophic position. Higher bioavailability of Hg due to its enhanced methylation in deeper waters was considered as the most likely explanation for this result. These results highlight that multiple factors contribute to mercury accumulation in elasmobranchs.},
bibtype = {article},
author = {Le Bourg, Baptiste and Kiszka, Jeremy J. and Bustamante, Paco and Heithaus, Michael R. and Jaquemet, Sébastien and Humber, Frances},
journal = {Environmental Research}
}2017 (1)
Spatial variation in the accumulation of POPs and mercury in bottlenose dolphins of the Lower Florida Keys and the coastal Everglades (South Florida). Damseaux, F., Kiszka, J., J., Heithaus, M., R., Scholl, G., Eppe, G., Thomé, J., P., Lewis, J., Hao, W., Fontaine, M., C., & Das, K. Environmental Pollution, 220:577-587, 2017.
abstract bibtex
abstract bibtex
The bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) is an upper trophic level predator and the most common cetacean species found in nearshore waters of southern Florida, including the Lower Florida Keys (LFK) and the Florida Coastal Everglades (FCE). The objective of this study was to assess contamination levels of total mercury (T-Hg) in skin and persistent organic pollutants (PCBs, PBDEs, DDXs, HCHs, HCB, Σ PCDD/Fs and Σ DL-PCBs) in blubber samples of bottlenose dolphins from LFK (n = 27) and FCE (n = 24). PCBs were the major class of compounds found in bottlenose dolphin blubber and were higher in individuals from LFK (Σ 6 PCBs LFK males: 13,421 ± 7730 ng g−1 lipids, Σ 6 PCBs LFK females: 9683 ± 19,007 ng g−1 lipids) than from FCE (Σ 6 PCBs FCE males: 5638 ng g−1 ± 3627 lipids, Σ 6 PCBs FCE females: 1427 ± 908 ng g−1 lipids). These levels were lower than previously published data from the southeastern USA. The Σ DL-PCBs were the most prevalent pollutants of dioxin and dioxin like compounds (Σ DL-PCBs LFK: 739 ng g−1 lipids, Σ DL-PCBs FCE: 183 ng g−1 lipids) since PCDD/F concentrations were low for both locations (mean 0.1 ng g−1 lipids for LFK and FCE dolphins). The toxicity equivalences of PCDD/Fs and DL-PCBs expressed as TEQ in LFK and FCE dolphins is mainly expressed by DL-PCBs (81% LFK - 65% FCE). T-Hg concentrations in skin were significantly higher in FCE (FCE median 9314 ng g−1 dw) compared to LFK dolphins (LFK median 2941 ng g−1 dw). These concentrations are the highest recorded in bottlenose dolphins in the southeastern USA, and may be explained, at least partially, by the biogeochemistry of the Everglades and mangrove sedimentary habitats that create favourable conditions for the retention of mercury and make it available at high concentrations for aquatic predators.
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abstract = {The bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) is an upper trophic level predator and the most common cetacean species found in nearshore waters of southern Florida, including the Lower Florida Keys (LFK) and the Florida Coastal Everglades (FCE). The objective of this study was to assess contamination levels of total mercury (T-Hg) in skin and persistent organic pollutants (PCBs, PBDEs, DDXs, HCHs, HCB, Σ PCDD/Fs and Σ DL-PCBs) in blubber samples of bottlenose dolphins from LFK (n = 27) and FCE (n = 24). PCBs were the major class of compounds found in bottlenose dolphin blubber and were higher in individuals from LFK (Σ 6 PCBs LFK males: 13,421 ± 7730 ng g−1 lipids, Σ 6 PCBs LFK females: 9683 ± 19,007 ng g−1 lipids) than from FCE (Σ 6 PCBs FCE males: 5638 ng g−1 ± 3627 lipids, Σ 6 PCBs FCE females: 1427 ± 908 ng g−1 lipids). These levels were lower than previously published data from the southeastern USA. The Σ DL-PCBs were the most prevalent pollutants of dioxin and dioxin like compounds (Σ DL-PCBs LFK: 739 ng g−1 lipids, Σ DL-PCBs FCE: 183 ng g−1 lipids) since PCDD/F concentrations were low for both locations (mean 0.1 ng g−1 lipids for LFK and FCE dolphins). The toxicity equivalences of PCDD/Fs and DL-PCBs expressed as TEQ in LFK and FCE dolphins is mainly expressed by DL-PCBs (81% LFK - 65% FCE). T-Hg concentrations in skin were significantly higher in FCE (FCE median 9314 ng g−1 dw) compared to LFK dolphins (LFK median 2941 ng g−1 dw). These concentrations are the highest recorded in bottlenose dolphins in the southeastern USA, and may be explained, at least partially, by the biogeochemistry of the Everglades and mangrove sedimentary habitats that create favourable conditions for the retention of mercury and make it available at high concentrations for aquatic predators.},
bibtype = {article},
author = {Damseaux, France and Kiszka, Jeremy J. and Heithaus, Michael R. and Scholl, George and Eppe, Gauthier and Thomé, Jean Pierre and Lewis, Jennifer and Hao, Wensi and Fontaine, Michaël C. and Das, Krishna},
journal = {Environmental Pollution}
}2016 (1)
Blue sharks (Prionace glauca) as bioindicators of pollution and health in the Atlantic Ocean: Contamination levels and biochemical stress responses. Alves, L., M., Nunes, M., Marchand, P., Le Bizec, B., Mendes, S., Correia, J., P., Lemos, M., F., & Novais, S., C. Science of the Total Environment, 563-564(June):282-292, Elsevier B.V., 2016.
![Blue sharks (Prionace glauca) as bioindicators of pollution and health in the Atlantic Ocean: Contamination levels and biochemical stress responses [link]](https://bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg "link")
Website abstract bibtex
Website abstract bibtex Marine ecosystems are constantly being threatened by contaminants produced by human activities. There is an urge to better understand their impacts on marine organisms and develop reliable tools for biomonitoring studies, while also assessing their potential impacts on human health. Given their position on top of food webs, sharks are particularly susceptible to bioaccumulation, making them potential sentinel species of marine contamination. The main objective of this study was to find suitable biomarkers for future marine pollution biomonitoring studies by correlating biochemical responses with tissue contaminant body burden in blue sharks (Prionace glauca), a species heavily caught and consumed by humans, while also addressing their general health. The chemical contaminants analysed comprised different persistent organic pollutants (POPs) families from polychlorinated compounds to brominated flame retardants (BFRs) and perfluorinated compounds (PFCs) and different trace and heavy metals. Concentrations of some contaminants in sharks' tissues were found to be above the legally allowed limits for human consumption. A canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) was performed and some strong associations were found between biochemical responses and contaminants' accumulation levels. DNA damage and lipid peroxidation levels, as well as the inhibition of the antioxidant enzyme glutathione peroxidase, were the main effects and consequences of contamination. The impact of contamination on these vital macromolecules underlines the suboptimal conditions of the sampled P. glauca, which can ultimately lead to the degradation of core ecological aspects, such as swimming, feeding, and reproduction. It can be concluded that P. glauca demonstrates great potential to be used as environmental sentinel and suitable biomarker candidates were identified in this work. Moreover, this study also highlights the risks that the consumption of blue shark derived products can pose to human health, which is of upmost interest as the sampled organisms were still juveniles and already presented values above regulatory limits.
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title = {Blue sharks (Prionace glauca) as bioindicators of pollution and health in the Atlantic Ocean: Contamination levels and biochemical stress responses},
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abstract = {Marine ecosystems are constantly being threatened by contaminants produced by human activities. There is an urge to better understand their impacts on marine organisms and develop reliable tools for biomonitoring studies, while also assessing their potential impacts on human health. Given their position on top of food webs, sharks are particularly susceptible to bioaccumulation, making them potential sentinel species of marine contamination. The main objective of this study was to find suitable biomarkers for future marine pollution biomonitoring studies by correlating biochemical responses with tissue contaminant body burden in blue sharks (Prionace glauca), a species heavily caught and consumed by humans, while also addressing their general health. The chemical contaminants analysed comprised different persistent organic pollutants (POPs) families from polychlorinated compounds to brominated flame retardants (BFRs) and perfluorinated compounds (PFCs) and different trace and heavy metals. Concentrations of some contaminants in sharks' tissues were found to be above the legally allowed limits for human consumption. A canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) was performed and some strong associations were found between biochemical responses and contaminants' accumulation levels. DNA damage and lipid peroxidation levels, as well as the inhibition of the antioxidant enzyme glutathione peroxidase, were the main effects and consequences of contamination. The impact of contamination on these vital macromolecules underlines the suboptimal conditions of the sampled P. glauca, which can ultimately lead to the degradation of core ecological aspects, such as swimming, feeding, and reproduction. It can be concluded that P. glauca demonstrates great potential to be used as environmental sentinel and suitable biomarker candidates were identified in this work. Moreover, this study also highlights the risks that the consumption of blue shark derived products can pose to human health, which is of upmost interest as the sampled organisms were still juveniles and already presented values above regulatory limits.},
bibtype = {article},
author = {Alves, Luís M.F. and Nunes, Margarida and Marchand, Philippe and Le Bizec, Bruno and Mendes, Susana and Correia, João P.S. and Lemos, Marco F.L. and Novais, Sara C.},
journal = {Science of the Total Environment},
number = {June}
}2014 (1)
Mercury exposure in a large subantarctic avian community. Carravieri, A., Cherel, Y., Blévin, P., Brault-Favrou, M., Chastel, O., & Bustamante, P. Environmental Pollution, 190:51-57, 2014.
abstract bibtex
abstract bibtex
Mercury (Hg) contamination poses potential threats to ecosystems worldwide. In order to study Hg bioavailability in the poorly documented southern Indian Ocean, Hg exposure was investigated in the large avian community of Kerguelen Islands. Adults of 27 species (480 individuals) showed a wide range of feather Hg concentrations, from 0.4 ?? 0.1 to 16.6 ?? 3.8 ??g g -1 dry weight in Wilson's storm petrels and wandering albatrosses, respectively. Hg concentrations increased roughly in the order crustacean- < fish- ??? squid- ???; carrion-consumers, confirming that diet, rather than taxonomy, is an important driver of avian Hg exposure. Adults presented higher Hg concentrations than chicks, due to a longer duration of exposure, with the only exception being the subantarctic skua, likely because of feeding habits' differences of the two age-classes in this species. High Hg concentrations were reported for three species of the poorly known gadfly petrels, which merit further investigation. ?? 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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title = {Mercury exposure in a large subantarctic avian community},
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abstract = {Mercury (Hg) contamination poses potential threats to ecosystems worldwide. In order to study Hg bioavailability in the poorly documented southern Indian Ocean, Hg exposure was investigated in the large avian community of Kerguelen Islands. Adults of 27 species (480 individuals) showed a wide range of feather Hg concentrations, from 0.4 ?? 0.1 to 16.6 ?? 3.8 ??g g -1 dry weight in Wilson's storm petrels and wandering albatrosses, respectively. Hg concentrations increased roughly in the order crustacean- < fish- ??? squid- ???; carrion-consumers, confirming that diet, rather than taxonomy, is an important driver of avian Hg exposure. Adults presented higher Hg concentrations than chicks, due to a longer duration of exposure, with the only exception being the subantarctic skua, likely because of feeding habits' differences of the two age-classes in this species. High Hg concentrations were reported for three species of the poorly known gadfly petrels, which merit further investigation. ?? 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.},
bibtype = {article},
author = {Carravieri, Alice and Cherel, Yves and Blévin, Pierre and Brault-Favrou, Maud and Chastel, Olivier and Bustamante, Paco},
journal = {Environmental Pollution}
}2013 (1)
Wide Range of Mercury Contamination in Chicks of Southern Ocean Seabirds. Blévin, P., Carravieri, A., Jaeger, A., Chastel, O., Bustamante, P., & Cherel, Y. PLoS ONE, 2013.
abstract bibtex
abstract bibtex
Using top predators as sentinels of the marine environment, Hg contamination was investigated within the large subantarctic seabird community of Kerguelen Islands, a remote area from the poorly known Southern Indian Ocean. Chicks of 21 sympatric seabirds presented a wide range of Hg concentrations, with the highest contaminated species containing ~102 times more feather Hg than the less contaminated species. Hence, Kerguelen seabirds encompass the whole range of chick feather Hg values that were previously collected worldwide in poorly industrialized localities. Using stable isotopes, the effects of foraging habitats (reflected by δ(13)C) and trophic positions (reflected by δ(15)N) on Hg concentrations were investigated. Species-related Hg variations were highly and positively linked to feather δ(15)N values, thus highlighting the occurrence of efficient Hg biomagnification processes within subantarctic marine trophic webs. By contrast, Hg contamination overall correlated poorly with feeding habitats, because of the pooling of species foraging within different isotopic gradients corresponding to distinct seabird habitats (benthic, pelagic, neritic and oceanic). However, when focusing on oceanic seabirds, Hg concentration was related to feather δ(13)C values, with species feeding in colder waters (lower δ(13)C values) south of Kerguelen Islands being less prone to be contaminated than species feeding in northern warmer waters (higher δ(13)C values). Within the context of continuous increase in global Hg emissions, Kerguelen Islands that are located far away from anthropogenic sources can be considered as an ideal study site to monitor the temporal trend of global Hg contamination. The present work helps selecting some seabird species as sentinels of environmental pollution according to their high Hg concentrations and their contrasted foraging ecology.
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title = {Wide Range of Mercury Contamination in Chicks of Southern Ocean Seabirds},
type = {article},
year = {2013},
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abstract = {Using top predators as sentinels of the marine environment, Hg contamination was investigated within the large subantarctic seabird community of Kerguelen Islands, a remote area from the poorly known Southern Indian Ocean. Chicks of 21 sympatric seabirds presented a wide range of Hg concentrations, with the highest contaminated species containing ~102 times more feather Hg than the less contaminated species. Hence, Kerguelen seabirds encompass the whole range of chick feather Hg values that were previously collected worldwide in poorly industrialized localities. Using stable isotopes, the effects of foraging habitats (reflected by δ(13)C) and trophic positions (reflected by δ(15)N) on Hg concentrations were investigated. Species-related Hg variations were highly and positively linked to feather δ(15)N values, thus highlighting the occurrence of efficient Hg biomagnification processes within subantarctic marine trophic webs. By contrast, Hg contamination overall correlated poorly with feeding habitats, because of the pooling of species foraging within different isotopic gradients corresponding to distinct seabird habitats (benthic, pelagic, neritic and oceanic). However, when focusing on oceanic seabirds, Hg concentration was related to feather δ(13)C values, with species feeding in colder waters (lower δ(13)C values) south of Kerguelen Islands being less prone to be contaminated than species feeding in northern warmer waters (higher δ(13)C values). Within the context of continuous increase in global Hg emissions, Kerguelen Islands that are located far away from anthropogenic sources can be considered as an ideal study site to monitor the temporal trend of global Hg contamination. The present work helps selecting some seabird species as sentinels of environmental pollution according to their high Hg concentrations and their contrasted foraging ecology.},
bibtype = {article},
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journal = {PLoS ONE},
number = {1},
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}2011 (6)
Mercury in the biotic compartments of Northwest Patagonia lakes, Argentina. Rizzo, A., Arcagni, M., Arribére, M., A., Bubach, D., & Guevara, S., R. Chemosphere, 84(1):70-79, Elsevier Ltd, 3, 2011.
Website abstract bibtex
Website abstract bibtex We report on total mercury (THg) concentrations in the principal components of food webs of selected Northern Patagonia Andean Range ultraoligotrophic lakes, Argentina. The THg contents were determined using Instrumental Neutron Activation Analysis in muscle and liver of four fish species occupying the higher trophic positions (the introduced Salmo trutta, Oncorhynchus mykiss and Salvelinus fontinalis, and the native Percichthys trucha) accounted for eight lakes belonging to Nahuel Huapi and Los Alerces National Parks. We studied the food web components of both the West and East branches of Lake Moreno, including benthic primary producers such as biofilm, mosses, and macrophytes, three plankton fractions, fish, riparian tree leaves, and benthic invertebrates, namely decapods, molluscs, insect larvae, leeches, oligochaetes, and amphipods. Mercury concentrations in fish muscle varied in a wide range, from less than 0.05 to 4μgg(-1) dry weight (DW), without a distribution pattern among species but showing higher values for P. trucha and S. fontinalis, particularly in Lake Moreno. The THg contents of the food web components of Lake Moreno varied within 4 orders of magnitude, with the lower values ranging from 0.01 to 0.5μgg(-1) DW in tree leaves, some macrophytes, juvenile salmonids or benthic macroinvertebrates, and reaching concentrations over 200μgg(-1) DW in the plankton. Juvenile Galaxias maculatus caught in the pelagic area presented the highest THg contents of all fish sampled, reaching 10μgg(-1) DW, contents that could be associated with the high THg concentrations in plankton since it is their main food source. Although Lake Moreno is a system without local point sources of contamination, situated in a protected area, some benthic organisms presented high THg contents when compared with those from polluted ecosystems.
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title = {Mercury in the biotic compartments of Northwest Patagonia lakes, Argentina.},
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abstract = {We report on total mercury (THg) concentrations in the principal components of food webs of selected Northern Patagonia Andean Range ultraoligotrophic lakes, Argentina. The THg contents were determined using Instrumental Neutron Activation Analysis in muscle and liver of four fish species occupying the higher trophic positions (the introduced Salmo trutta, Oncorhynchus mykiss and Salvelinus fontinalis, and the native Percichthys trucha) accounted for eight lakes belonging to Nahuel Huapi and Los Alerces National Parks. We studied the food web components of both the West and East branches of Lake Moreno, including benthic primary producers such as biofilm, mosses, and macrophytes, three plankton fractions, fish, riparian tree leaves, and benthic invertebrates, namely decapods, molluscs, insect larvae, leeches, oligochaetes, and amphipods. Mercury concentrations in fish muscle varied in a wide range, from less than 0.05 to 4μgg(-1) dry weight (DW), without a distribution pattern among species but showing higher values for P. trucha and S. fontinalis, particularly in Lake Moreno. The THg contents of the food web components of Lake Moreno varied within 4 orders of magnitude, with the lower values ranging from 0.01 to 0.5μgg(-1) DW in tree leaves, some macrophytes, juvenile salmonids or benthic macroinvertebrates, and reaching concentrations over 200μgg(-1) DW in the plankton. Juvenile Galaxias maculatus caught in the pelagic area presented the highest THg contents of all fish sampled, reaching 10μgg(-1) DW, contents that could be associated with the high THg concentrations in plankton since it is their main food source. Although Lake Moreno is a system without local point sources of contamination, situated in a protected area, some benthic organisms presented high THg contents when compared with those from polluted ecosystems.},
bibtype = {article},
author = {Rizzo, A and Arcagni, M and Arribére, M A and Bubach, D and Guevara, S Ribeiro},
journal = {Chemosphere},
number = {1},
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}Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and mercury in fish from lakes of the Tibetan Plateau. Yang, R., Jing, C., Zhang, Q., Wang, Z., Wang, Y., Li, Y., & Jiang, G. Chemosphere, 83(6):862-7, Elsevier Ltd, 4, 2011.
Website abstract bibtex
Website abstract bibtex High mountains may act as cold traps for globally transported persistent organic pollutants (POPs) and mercury (Hg). In the present study, 60 fish samples were collected from eight alpine lakes across the Tibetan Plateau. Concentrations of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), total mercury (HgT) and methyl mercury (MeHg) were quantified in the fish muscle tissues to improve the understanding of pollution status and factors regulating the transport and fate of these contaminants on the Plateau. The results showed that lake-averaged ∑(14)PBDEs concentration was between 0.09ngg(-1) dw and 4.32ngg(-1) dw, which was lower than those reported for European mountains. The total mercury concentration in individual fish ranged from 243 to 2384ngg(-1) dw, and that of MeHg from 131 to 1610ngg(-1) dw, which is much higher than those reported in other mountain fish. The spatial variation of PBDEs and mercury in the Plateau is largely controlled by the specific meteorological patterns.
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abstract = {High mountains may act as cold traps for globally transported persistent organic pollutants (POPs) and mercury (Hg). In the present study, 60 fish samples were collected from eight alpine lakes across the Tibetan Plateau. Concentrations of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), total mercury (HgT) and methyl mercury (MeHg) were quantified in the fish muscle tissues to improve the understanding of pollution status and factors regulating the transport and fate of these contaminants on the Plateau. The results showed that lake-averaged ∑(14)PBDEs concentration was between 0.09ngg(-1) dw and 4.32ngg(-1) dw, which was lower than those reported for European mountains. The total mercury concentration in individual fish ranged from 243 to 2384ngg(-1) dw, and that of MeHg from 131 to 1610ngg(-1) dw, which is much higher than those reported in other mountain fish. The spatial variation of PBDEs and mercury in the Plateau is largely controlled by the specific meteorological patterns.},
bibtype = {article},
author = {Yang, Ruiqiang and Jing, Chuanyong and Zhang, Qinghua and Wang, Zhenhua and Wang, Yawei and Li, Yingming and Jiang, Guibin},
journal = {Chemosphere},
number = {6},
keywords = {A0001,AS_FS_001,GBMS}
}Mercury, cadmium, lead and arsenic levels in three pelagic fish species from the Atlantic Ocean: intra- and inter-specific variability and human health risks for consumption. Vieira, C., Morais, S., Ramos, S., Delerue-Matos, C., & Oliveira, M., B., P., P. Food and chemical toxicology : an international journal published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association, 49(4):923-32, Elsevier Ltd, 4, 2011.
Website abstract bibtex
Website abstract bibtex Three commonly consumed and commercially valuable fish species (sardine, chub and horse mackerel) were collected from the Northeast and Eastern Central Atlantic Ocean in Portuguese waters during one year. Mercury, cadmium, lead and arsenic amounts were determined in muscles using graphite furnace and cold vapour atomic absorption spectrometry. Maximum mean levels of mercury (0.1715 ± 0.0857 mg/kg, ww) and arsenic (1.139 ± 0.350 mg/kg, ww) were detected in horse mackerel. The higher mean amounts of cadmium (0.0084 ± 0.0036 mg/kg, ww) and lead (0.0379 ± 0.0303 mg/kg, ww) were determined in chub mackerel and in sardine, respectively. Intra- and inter-specific variability of metals bioaccumulation was statistically assessed and species and length revealed to be the major influencing biometric factors, in particular for mercury and arsenic. Muscles present metal concentrations below the tolerable limits considered by European Commission Regulation and Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations/World Health Organization (FAO/WHO). However, estimation of non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic health risks by the target hazard quotient and target carcinogenic risk, established by the US Environmental Protection Agency, suggests that these species must be eaten in moderation due to possible hazard and carcinogenic risks derived from arsenic (in all analyzed species) and mercury ingestion (in horse and chub mackerel species).
@article{
title = {Mercury, cadmium, lead and arsenic levels in three pelagic fish species from the Atlantic Ocean: intra- and inter-specific variability and human health risks for consumption.},
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abstract = {Three commonly consumed and commercially valuable fish species (sardine, chub and horse mackerel) were collected from the Northeast and Eastern Central Atlantic Ocean in Portuguese waters during one year. Mercury, cadmium, lead and arsenic amounts were determined in muscles using graphite furnace and cold vapour atomic absorption spectrometry. Maximum mean levels of mercury (0.1715 ± 0.0857 mg/kg, ww) and arsenic (1.139 ± 0.350 mg/kg, ww) were detected in horse mackerel. The higher mean amounts of cadmium (0.0084 ± 0.0036 mg/kg, ww) and lead (0.0379 ± 0.0303 mg/kg, ww) were determined in chub mackerel and in sardine, respectively. Intra- and inter-specific variability of metals bioaccumulation was statistically assessed and species and length revealed to be the major influencing biometric factors, in particular for mercury and arsenic. Muscles present metal concentrations below the tolerable limits considered by European Commission Regulation and Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations/World Health Organization (FAO/WHO). However, estimation of non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic health risks by the target hazard quotient and target carcinogenic risk, established by the US Environmental Protection Agency, suggests that these species must be eaten in moderation due to possible hazard and carcinogenic risks derived from arsenic (in all analyzed species) and mercury ingestion (in horse and chub mackerel species).},
bibtype = {article},
author = {Vieira, C and Morais, S and Ramos, S and Delerue-Matos, C and Oliveira, M B P P},
journal = {Food and chemical toxicology : an international journal published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association},
number = {4},
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}Mercury and methylmercury concentrations in high altitude lakes and fish (Arctic charr) from the French Alps related to watershed characteristics. Marusczak, N., Larose, C., Dommergue, A., Paquet, S., Beaulne, J., Maury-Brachet, R., Lucotte, M., Nedjai, R., & Ferrari, C., P. The Science of the total environment, 409(10):1909-15, Elsevier B.V., 4, 2011.
Website abstract bibtex
Website abstract bibtex Total mercury (THg) and methylmercury (MeHg) concentrations were measured in the muscle of Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus) and in the water column of 4 lakes that are located in the French Alps. Watershed characteristics were determined (6 coverage classes) for each lake in order to evaluate the influence of watershed composition on mercury and methylmercury concentrations in fish muscle and in the water column. THg and MeHg concentrations in surface water were relatively low and similar among lakes and watershed characteristics play a major role in determining water column Hg and MeHg levels. THg muscle concentrations for fish with either a standardized length of 220mm, a standardized age of 5 years or for individualuals did not exceed the 0.5mg kg(-1) fish consumption advisory limit established for Hg by the World Health Organization (WHO, 1990). These relatively low THg concentrations can be explained by watershed characteristics, which lead to short Hg residence time in the water column, and also by the short trophic chain that is characteristic of mountain lakes. Growth rate did not seem to influence THg concentrations in fish muscles of these lakes and we observed no relationship between fish Hg concentrations and altitude. This study shows that in the French Alps, high altitude lakes have relatively low THg and MeHg concentrations in both the water column and in Arctic charr populations. Therefore, Hg does not appear to present a danger for local populations and the fishermen of these lakes.
@article{
title = {Mercury and methylmercury concentrations in high altitude lakes and fish (Arctic charr) from the French Alps related to watershed characteristics.},
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abstract = {Total mercury (THg) and methylmercury (MeHg) concentrations were measured in the muscle of Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus) and in the water column of 4 lakes that are located in the French Alps. Watershed characteristics were determined (6 coverage classes) for each lake in order to evaluate the influence of watershed composition on mercury and methylmercury concentrations in fish muscle and in the water column. THg and MeHg concentrations in surface water were relatively low and similar among lakes and watershed characteristics play a major role in determining water column Hg and MeHg levels. THg muscle concentrations for fish with either a standardized length of 220mm, a standardized age of 5 years or for individualuals did not exceed the 0.5mg kg(-1) fish consumption advisory limit established for Hg by the World Health Organization (WHO, 1990). These relatively low THg concentrations can be explained by watershed characteristics, which lead to short Hg residence time in the water column, and also by the short trophic chain that is characteristic of mountain lakes. Growth rate did not seem to influence THg concentrations in fish muscles of these lakes and we observed no relationship between fish Hg concentrations and altitude. This study shows that in the French Alps, high altitude lakes have relatively low THg and MeHg concentrations in both the water column and in Arctic charr populations. Therefore, Hg does not appear to present a danger for local populations and the fishermen of these lakes.},
bibtype = {article},
author = {Marusczak, Nicolas and Larose, Catherine and Dommergue, Aurélien and Paquet, Serge and Beaulne, Jean-Sébastien and Maury-Brachet, Régine and Lucotte, Marc and Nedjai, Rachid and Ferrari, Christophe P},
journal = {The Science of the total environment},
number = {10}
}Mercury species of sediment and fish in freshwater fish ponds around the Pearl River Delta, PR China: human health risk assessment. Shao, D., Liang, P., Kang, Y., Wang, H., Cheng, Z., Wu, S., Shi, J., Lo, S., C., L., Wang, W., & Wong, M., H. Chemosphere, 83(4):443-8, Elsevier Ltd, 4, 2011.
Website abstract bibtex
Website abstract bibtex This study investigated total mercury (THg) and methylmercury (MeHg) concentrations in five species of freshwater fish and their associated fish pond sediments collected from 18 freshwater fish ponds around the Pearl River Delta (PRD). The concentrations of THg and MeHg in fish pond surface sediments were 33.1-386 ng g(-1) dry wt and 0.18-1.25 ng g(-1) dry wt, respectively. The age of ponds affected the surface sediment MeHg concentration. The vertical distribution of MeHg in sediment cores showed that MeHg concentrations decreased with increasing depth in the top 10 cm. In addition, a significant correlation was observed between %MeHg and DNA from Desulfovibrionacaea or Desulfobulbus (p<0.05) in sediment cores. Concentrations of THg and MeHg in fish muscles ranged from 7.43-76.7 to 5.93-76.1 ng g(-1) wet wt, respectively, with significant linear relationships (r=0.97, p<0.01, n=122) observed between THg and MeHg levels in fish. A significant correlation between THg concentrations in fish (herbivorous: r=0.71, p<0.05, n=7; carnivorous: r=0.77, p<0.05, n=11) and corresponding sediments was also obtained. Risk assessment indicated that the consumption of largemouth bass and mandarin fish would result in higher estimated daily intakes (EDIs) of MeHg than reference dose (RfD) for both adults and children.
@article{
title = {Mercury species of sediment and fish in freshwater fish ponds around the Pearl River Delta, PR China: human health risk assessment.},
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abstract = {This study investigated total mercury (THg) and methylmercury (MeHg) concentrations in five species of freshwater fish and their associated fish pond sediments collected from 18 freshwater fish ponds around the Pearl River Delta (PRD). The concentrations of THg and MeHg in fish pond surface sediments were 33.1-386 ng g(-1) dry wt and 0.18-1.25 ng g(-1) dry wt, respectively. The age of ponds affected the surface sediment MeHg concentration. The vertical distribution of MeHg in sediment cores showed that MeHg concentrations decreased with increasing depth in the top 10 cm. In addition, a significant correlation was observed between %MeHg and DNA from Desulfovibrionacaea or Desulfobulbus (p<0.05) in sediment cores. Concentrations of THg and MeHg in fish muscles ranged from 7.43-76.7 to 5.93-76.1 ng g(-1) wet wt, respectively, with significant linear relationships (r=0.97, p<0.01, n=122) observed between THg and MeHg levels in fish. A significant correlation between THg concentrations in fish (herbivorous: r=0.71, p<0.05, n=7; carnivorous: r=0.77, p<0.05, n=11) and corresponding sediments was also obtained. Risk assessment indicated that the consumption of largemouth bass and mandarin fish would result in higher estimated daily intakes (EDIs) of MeHg than reference dose (RfD) for both adults and children.},
bibtype = {article},
author = {Shao, Dingding and Liang, Peng and Kang, Yuan and Wang, Hongsheng and Cheng, Zhang and Wu, Shengchun and Shi, Jianbo and Lo, Samuel Chun Lap and Wang, Wenxiong and Wong, Ming H},
journal = {Chemosphere},
number = {4},
keywords = {A0005,AS_FS_005,GBMS}
}Mercury and DDT exposure risk to fish-eating human populations in Amazon. Rabitto, I., D., S., Bastos, W., R., Almeida, R., Anjos, A., de Holanda, I., B., B., Galvão, R., C., F., Neto, F., F., de Menezes, M., L., Dos Santos, C., A., M., & de Oliveira Ribeiro, C., A. Environment International, 37(1):56-65, Elsevier Ltd, 1, 2011.
Website abstract bibtex
Website abstract bibtex In order to investigate the potential risk of mercury and DDTs exposure to fish-eating human populations in Samuel Reservoir, not affected directly by gold-mining activities, the axial muscle of Cichla monoculus was analyzed. Twenty-nine and thirty adults individuals were collected respectively on February (rainy season) and August (dry season) 2007. The specimens were sacrificed by spinal section before sex identification, body weight and total length determination. For total mercury, DDT and DDE quantifications and cholinesterase activity samples of the axial muscle were frozen at -20°C, and for histopathological studies gill and liver were fixed in ALFAC solution for 16 h. A value of 48.2% and 33% of the individuals, respectively from rainy and dry seasons, presented mercury concentrations higher than the maximum established for safe human consumption (0.5 μg g⁻¹) by World Health Organization. A positive correlation between body weight and Hg concentration was observed only in individuals from the rainy season, but no correlation was observed to DDT and DDE from both seasons. Differently from that observed to mercury, DDT levels presented a significant difference between both studied seasons, but no correlation was observed for both mercury and DDTs and sex. The levels of DDTs in muscle of C. monoculus are under the maximum established by FAO-Alimentarius CODEX and Swedish Food Regulation for human consumption. The histopathological and neurotoxic findings showed that the wild population of fish is affected by chronic exposure to mercury, meaning risk also to fish-eating populations. Finally, the results showed that C. monoculus is an important vehicle for human exposure to mercury and DDTs in Samuel Reservoir and that it is necessary a continuous biomonitoring of the levels of both pollutants in order to manage the risk of exposure to human populations.
@article{
title = {Mercury and DDT exposure risk to fish-eating human populations in Amazon.},
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abstract = {In order to investigate the potential risk of mercury and DDTs exposure to fish-eating human populations in Samuel Reservoir, not affected directly by gold-mining activities, the axial muscle of Cichla monoculus was analyzed. Twenty-nine and thirty adults individuals were collected respectively on February (rainy season) and August (dry season) 2007. The specimens were sacrificed by spinal section before sex identification, body weight and total length determination. For total mercury, DDT and DDE quantifications and cholinesterase activity samples of the axial muscle were frozen at -20°C, and for histopathological studies gill and liver were fixed in ALFAC solution for 16 h. A value of 48.2% and 33% of the individuals, respectively from rainy and dry seasons, presented mercury concentrations higher than the maximum established for safe human consumption (0.5 μg g⁻¹) by World Health Organization. A positive correlation between body weight and Hg concentration was observed only in individuals from the rainy season, but no correlation was observed to DDT and DDE from both seasons. Differently from that observed to mercury, DDT levels presented a significant difference between both studied seasons, but no correlation was observed for both mercury and DDTs and sex. The levels of DDTs in muscle of C. monoculus are under the maximum established by FAO-Alimentarius CODEX and Swedish Food Regulation for human consumption. The histopathological and neurotoxic findings showed that the wild population of fish is affected by chronic exposure to mercury, meaning risk also to fish-eating populations. Finally, the results showed that C. monoculus is an important vehicle for human exposure to mercury and DDTs in Samuel Reservoir and that it is necessary a continuous biomonitoring of the levels of both pollutants in order to manage the risk of exposure to human populations.},
bibtype = {article},
author = {Rabitto, Inês Da Silva and Bastos, Wanderley Rodrigues and Almeida, Ronaldo and Anjos, Adilson and de Holanda, Igor Bruno Barbosa and Galvão, Roberta Carolina Ferreira and Neto, Francisco Filipak and de Menezes, Manoel Lima and Dos Santos, Cid Aimbiré Moraes and de Oliveira Ribeiro, Ciro Alberto},
journal = {Environment International},
number = {1}
}2010 (6)
Arsenic and mercury in commercially valuable fish species from the Persian Gulf: influence of season and habitat. Saei-Dehkordi, S., S., Fallah, A., a., & Nematollahi, A. Food and chemical toxicology : an international journal published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association, 48(10):2945-50, Elsevier Ltd, 10, 2010.
Website abstract bibtex
Website abstract bibtex This study was undertaken to determine the concentrations of arsenic and mercury in edible muscle of pelagic (Scomberomorus commerson, Chirocentrus dorab, Sphyraena jello, Rachycentron conadum, Thunus tonggol), benthopelagic (Trichiurus lepturus, Caranx sem, Pampus argenteus, Parastromateus niger) and demersal (Nemipterus japonicas, Epinephelus coioides, Platycephalus indicus, Psettodes erumei, Pomadasys argenteus, Acanthopagrus latus) fish species from the Persian Gulf during summer and winter. The samples were analyzed by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (GFAAS) for arsenic and cold vapor atomic absorption spectrometry (CVAAS) for mercury after wet-ashing digestion. The results were expressed as μg/g of wet weight. The resulted range of contamination in fish species was between 0.156-0.834 μg/g for arsenic; and 0.120-0.527 μg/g for mercury. Also study revealed that seasonal variation influenced the concentration of the metals in the fish samples. The highest concentration of arsenic and mercury was found in Epinephelus coioides (1.011 μg/g) and Thunus tonggol (0.548 μg/g) in winter, respectively. Moreover, demersal fish species had the highest arsenic (0.481 μg/g) and mercury (0.312 μg/g) concentrations. Our study demonstrates that estimated daily and weekly intakes of arsenic and mercury via consumption of fish flesh were far below the PTDI and PTWI values established by FAO/WHO.
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title = {Arsenic and mercury in commercially valuable fish species from the Persian Gulf: influence of season and habitat.},
type = {article},
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abstract = {This study was undertaken to determine the concentrations of arsenic and mercury in edible muscle of pelagic (Scomberomorus commerson, Chirocentrus dorab, Sphyraena jello, Rachycentron conadum, Thunus tonggol), benthopelagic (Trichiurus lepturus, Caranx sem, Pampus argenteus, Parastromateus niger) and demersal (Nemipterus japonicas, Epinephelus coioides, Platycephalus indicus, Psettodes erumei, Pomadasys argenteus, Acanthopagrus latus) fish species from the Persian Gulf during summer and winter. The samples were analyzed by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (GFAAS) for arsenic and cold vapor atomic absorption spectrometry (CVAAS) for mercury after wet-ashing digestion. The results were expressed as μg/g of wet weight. The resulted range of contamination in fish species was between 0.156-0.834 μg/g for arsenic; and 0.120-0.527 μg/g for mercury. Also study revealed that seasonal variation influenced the concentration of the metals in the fish samples. The highest concentration of arsenic and mercury was found in Epinephelus coioides (1.011 μg/g) and Thunus tonggol (0.548 μg/g) in winter, respectively. Moreover, demersal fish species had the highest arsenic (0.481 μg/g) and mercury (0.312 μg/g) concentrations. Our study demonstrates that estimated daily and weekly intakes of arsenic and mercury via consumption of fish flesh were far below the PTDI and PTWI values established by FAO/WHO.},
bibtype = {article},
author = {Saei-Dehkordi, S Siavash and Fallah, Aziz a and Nematollahi, Amin},
journal = {Food and chemical toxicology : an international journal published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association},
number = {10}
}Distributions of total mercury and methylmercury in surface sediments and fishes in Lake Shihwa, Korea. Oh, S., Kim, M., Yi, S., & Zoh, K. The Science of the total environment, 408(5):1059-68, Elsevier B.V., 2, 2010.
Website abstract bibtex
Website abstract bibtex The concentrations of total mercury (THg) and methylmercury (MeHg) in the sediments of Lake Shihwa, an artificial salt lake in Korea located near two large industrial complexes, were determined to investigate the state of Hg contamination in the lake sediments and the effect of local Hg source. THg and MeHg concentrations in the sediments, monitored for 2 years, ranged from 0.02 to 0.28 microg g(-1) and
@article{
title = {Distributions of total mercury and methylmercury in surface sediments and fishes in Lake Shihwa, Korea.},
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abstract = {The concentrations of total mercury (THg) and methylmercury (MeHg) in the sediments of Lake Shihwa, an artificial salt lake in Korea located near two large industrial complexes, were determined to investigate the state of Hg contamination in the lake sediments and the effect of local Hg source. THg and MeHg concentrations in the sediments, monitored for 2 years, ranged from 0.02 to 0.28 microg g(-1) and <or=0.026 to 0.67 ng g(-1), respectively. The overall distribution of Hg in lake sediments showed higher values near industrial complexes and in the central part of the lake. However, the correlations between Hg and environmental factors, such as organic material (OM) content, and acid volatile sulfide (AVS), were weak and did not clearly explain the variation in Hg distribution. The spatial distribution of sediment Hg and monthly precipitation data during the sampling period showed that the amount of runoff following rain events and water gate operation may be additional important factors regulating Hg level and distribution in lake sediments. The levels of THg in fish species in this lake ranged from 9.8 to 35 ng g(-1), suggesting that the bioavailability of sediment Hg in the lake may be low. Although the THg concentrations in Lake Shihwa sediment were lower than those in other foreign study sites, they were higher than in neighboring coastal regions, and are constantly increasing. This result indicates that the nearby industrial complexes may be the major source of Hg found in the sediments of Lake Shihwa.},
bibtype = {article},
author = {Oh, Sehee and Kim, Moon-Kyung and Yi, Seung-Muk and Zoh, Kyung-Duk},
journal = {The Science of the total environment},
number = {5}
}Bioaccumulation of mercury in the pelagic food chain of the Lake Baikal. Ciesielski, T., Pastukhov, M., V., Szefer, P., & Jenssen, B., M. Chemosphere, 78(11):1378-84, Elsevier Ltd, 3, 2010.
Website abstract bibtex
Website abstract bibtex Mercury (Hg) concentrations were analyzed in the livers of Baikal seals and in plankton, zoobenthos and fish which constitute food items for the seals. Concentrations of Hg in the liver of Baikal seals were up to two orders of magnitude lower than those in seals inhabiting other lakes. The low levels of Hg are due to the low levels of the Hg in the fish from the family Comephoride, which reflect the very low concentrations of Hg in Baikal water. The development stage (pups and adults) and the sex of the seals have significant influence on their hepatic Hg concentrations. The differences between Hg accumulation in adult males, adult females and pups could be attributed to the reproductive cycle of the Baikal seals. In spite of low concentrations, Hg is characterized by high values of the concentration factor (CF) for the livers of for Baikal seals. Biomagnification factors (BMFs) suggest biomagnifications of Hg in the fish-seal trophic link.
@article{
title = {Bioaccumulation of mercury in the pelagic food chain of the Lake Baikal.},
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pages = {1378-84},
volume = {78},
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month = {3},
publisher = {Elsevier Ltd},
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abstract = {Mercury (Hg) concentrations were analyzed in the livers of Baikal seals and in plankton, zoobenthos and fish which constitute food items for the seals. Concentrations of Hg in the liver of Baikal seals were up to two orders of magnitude lower than those in seals inhabiting other lakes. The low levels of Hg are due to the low levels of the Hg in the fish from the family Comephoride, which reflect the very low concentrations of Hg in Baikal water. The development stage (pups and adults) and the sex of the seals have significant influence on their hepatic Hg concentrations. The differences between Hg accumulation in adult males, adult females and pups could be attributed to the reproductive cycle of the Baikal seals. In spite of low concentrations, Hg is characterized by high values of the concentration factor (CF) for the livers of for Baikal seals. Biomagnification factors (BMFs) suggest biomagnifications of Hg in the fish-seal trophic link.},
bibtype = {article},
author = {Ciesielski, T and Pastukhov, M V and Szefer, P and Jenssen, B M},
journal = {Chemosphere},
number = {11}
}Trophic transfer of mercury and methylmercury in an aquatic ecosystem impacted by municipal sewage effluents in Beijing, China. Fu, J., Wang, Y., Zhou, Q., & Jiang, G. Journal of Environmental Sciences, 22(8):1189-1194, The Research Centre for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 8, 2010.
Website bibtex
Website bibtex @article{
title = {Trophic transfer of mercury and methylmercury in an aquatic ecosystem impacted by municipal sewage effluents in Beijing, China},
type = {article},
year = {2010},
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pages = {1189-1194},
volume = {22},
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month = {8},
publisher = {The Research Centre for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences},
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private_publication = {false},
bibtype = {article},
author = {Fu, Jianjie and Wang, Yawei and Zhou, Qunfang and Jiang, Guibin},
journal = {Journal of Environmental Sciences},
number = {8}
}Stable isotope ratios of carbon and nitrogen and mercury concentrations in 13 toothed whale species taken from the western Pacific Ocean off Japan. Endo, T., Hisamichi, Y., Kimura, O., Haraguchi, K., Lavery, S., Dalebout, M., L., Funahashi, N., & Baker, C., S. Environmental science & technology, 44(7):2675-81, 4, 2010.
Website abstract bibtex
Website abstract bibtex Stable isotope ratios of carbon (partial differential(13)C) and nitrogen (partial differential(15)N) and total mercury (T-Hg) concentrations were measured in red meat samples from 11 odontocete species (toothed whales, dolphins, and porpoises) sold in Japan (n = 96) and in muscle samples from stranded killer whales (n = 6) and melon-headed whales (n = 15), and the analytical data for these species were classified into three regions (northern, central, and southern Japan) depending on the locations in which they were caught or stranded. The partial differential(15)N in the samples from southern Japan tended to be lower than that in samples from the north, whereas both partial differential(13)C and T-Hg concentrations in samples from the south tended to higher than those in samples from northern Japan. Negative correlations were found between the partial differential(13)C and partial differential(15)N values and between the partial differential(15)N value and T-Hg concentrations in the combined samples all three regions (gamma= -0.238, n = 117, P < 0.01). The partial differential(13)C, partial differential(15)N, and T-Hg concentrations in the samples varied more by habitat than by species. Spatial variations in partial differential(13)C, partial differential(15)N, and T-Hg concentrations in the ocean may be the cause of these phenomena.
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title = {Stable isotope ratios of carbon and nitrogen and mercury concentrations in 13 toothed whale species taken from the western Pacific Ocean off Japan.},
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abstract = {Stable isotope ratios of carbon (partial differential(13)C) and nitrogen (partial differential(15)N) and total mercury (T-Hg) concentrations were measured in red meat samples from 11 odontocete species (toothed whales, dolphins, and porpoises) sold in Japan (n = 96) and in muscle samples from stranded killer whales (n = 6) and melon-headed whales (n = 15), and the analytical data for these species were classified into three regions (northern, central, and southern Japan) depending on the locations in which they were caught or stranded. The partial differential(15)N in the samples from southern Japan tended to be lower than that in samples from the north, whereas both partial differential(13)C and T-Hg concentrations in samples from the south tended to higher than those in samples from northern Japan. Negative correlations were found between the partial differential(13)C and partial differential(15)N values and between the partial differential(15)N value and T-Hg concentrations in the combined samples all three regions (gamma= -0.238, n = 117, P < 0.01). The partial differential(13)C, partial differential(15)N, and T-Hg concentrations in the samples varied more by habitat than by species. Spatial variations in partial differential(13)C, partial differential(15)N, and T-Hg concentrations in the ocean may be the cause of these phenomena.},
bibtype = {article},
author = {Endo, Tetsuya and Hisamichi, Yohsuke and Kimura, Osamu and Haraguchi, Koichi and Lavery, Shane and Dalebout, Merel L and Funahashi, Naoko and Baker, C Scott},
journal = {Environmental science & technology},
number = {7}
}Assessment of trace metal composition in fish samples from Nworie River. Alinnor, I., J. & Obiji, I., A. Pakistan Journal of Nutrition, 9(1):81-85, 2010.
abstract bibtex
abstract bibtex
This investigation surveyed heavy metal content of fish samples from Nworie river. The elements studied were Pb, Fe, Cd, Mn, Hg, Cu and Zn. The fish samples were collected from different locations in the river. The fish samples were analyzed for heavy metals using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). The elemental toxicants Fe, Cd, Mn were identified in fresh fish species Tilapia guineensis of mean values 3.275, 0.048 and 0.103 ppm respectively, whereas Pb was below detection level. The analysis also shows Cu and Zn level of mean values 1.247 ppm and 3.241 ppm in Tilapia guineesis respectively. Also Hg was below detection level in Tilapia guineesis. The analysis of frozen fish samples purchased from Ekeonunwa market located 3 km from the river shows Pb, Fe, and Cd levels of mean values 0.50, 4.73 and 0.05 ppm respectively. Also frozen fish analysis shows concentration of Mn, Hg, Cu and Zn of mean values 11.82, 0.0083, 8.00 and 1.02 ppm, respectively. There are three institutions that discharge untreated waste products into Nworie river. In view of this, there is need to determine the level of contamination of the river, since the inhabitants depend on the river for fishing and other domestic uses. This study is aimed at determining the level of heavy metal contaminants in fish samples from Nworie river. The effects of these elemental toxicants and the associated health hazards were examined.
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abstract = {This investigation surveyed heavy metal content of fish samples from Nworie river. The elements studied were Pb, Fe, Cd, Mn, Hg, Cu and Zn. The fish samples were collected from different locations in the river. The fish samples were analyzed for heavy metals using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). The elemental toxicants Fe, Cd, Mn were identified in fresh fish species Tilapia guineensis of mean values 3.275, 0.048 and 0.103 ppm respectively, whereas Pb was below detection level. The analysis also shows Cu and Zn level of mean values 1.247 ppm and 3.241 ppm in Tilapia guineesis respectively. Also Hg was below detection level in Tilapia guineesis. The analysis of frozen fish samples purchased from Ekeonunwa market located 3 km from the river shows Pb, Fe, and Cd levels of mean values 0.50, 4.73 and 0.05 ppm respectively. Also frozen fish analysis shows concentration of Mn, Hg, Cu and Zn of mean values 11.82, 0.0083, 8.00 and 1.02 ppm, respectively. There are three institutions that discharge untreated waste products into Nworie river. In view of this, there is need to determine the level of contamination of the river, since the inhabitants depend on the river for fishing and other domestic uses. This study is aimed at determining the level of heavy metal contaminants in fish samples from Nworie river. The effects of these elemental toxicants and the associated health hazards were examined.},
bibtype = {article},
author = {Alinnor, I J and Obiji, I A},
journal = {Pakistan Journal of Nutrition},
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}2009 (6)
Consistently low mercury concentrations in dolphinfish, Coryphaena hippurus, an oceanic pelagic predator. Adams, D., H. Environmental research, 109(6):697-701, Elsevier, 8, 2009.
Website abstract bibtex
Website abstract bibtex Compared to total mercury concentrations in other oceanic pelagic and syntopic fish species examined from waters of the southeastern United States (e.g., king mackerel, Scomberomorus cavalla; wahoo, Acanthocybium solanderi; yellowfin tuna, Thunnus albacares; blackfin tuna, T. atlanticus), total mercury concentrations in dolphinfish, Coryphaena hippurus, examined were consistently low. Dorsal-muscle tissue from 385 dolphinfish (317-1395 mm fork length) from Florida offshore waters was analyzed for total mercury content. Total mercury concentration in individual fish ranged from 0.012 to 0.55 mg/kg (wet weight), with a mean of 0.10 mg/kg (+/- 0.089 SD). Compared to mercury concentrations in other similar species, mercury concentrations detected in dolphinfish did not vary widely with respect to fish size, estimated age, or sex. A positive relationship between total mercury concentrations and fish length was observed, indicating that mercury tends to increase moderately over time as dolphinfish grow. Low mercury concentrations in dolphinfish occur on a global scale throughout tropical and subtropical waters. The short life span, rapid growth rate, known physiology, and feeding ecology of dolphinfish are comparable regardless of where they are found, suggesting that the forcing factors that influence mercury concentrations in this species are similar throughout its circumtropical range.
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title = {Consistently low mercury concentrations in dolphinfish, Coryphaena hippurus, an oceanic pelagic predator},
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abstract = {Compared to total mercury concentrations in other oceanic pelagic and syntopic fish species examined from waters of the southeastern United States (e.g., king mackerel, Scomberomorus cavalla; wahoo, Acanthocybium solanderi; yellowfin tuna, Thunnus albacares; blackfin tuna, T. atlanticus), total mercury concentrations in dolphinfish, Coryphaena hippurus, examined were consistently low. Dorsal-muscle tissue from 385 dolphinfish (317-1395 mm fork length) from Florida offshore waters was analyzed for total mercury content. Total mercury concentration in individual fish ranged from 0.012 to 0.55 mg/kg (wet weight), with a mean of 0.10 mg/kg (+/- 0.089 SD). Compared to mercury concentrations in other similar species, mercury concentrations detected in dolphinfish did not vary widely with respect to fish size, estimated age, or sex. A positive relationship between total mercury concentrations and fish length was observed, indicating that mercury tends to increase moderately over time as dolphinfish grow. Low mercury concentrations in dolphinfish occur on a global scale throughout tropical and subtropical waters. The short life span, rapid growth rate, known physiology, and feeding ecology of dolphinfish are comparable regardless of where they are found, suggesting that the forcing factors that influence mercury concentrations in this species are similar throughout its circumtropical range.},
bibtype = {article},
author = {Adams, Douglas H},
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}Biomagnifications of mercury and methylmercury in tuna and mackerel. Hajeb, P., Jinap, S., & Ahmad, I. Environmental monitoring and assessment, 171(1-4):205-17, 12, 2009.
Website abstract bibtex
Website abstract bibtex Seawater may be contaminated by harmful substances, including toxic elements released by human activities. The present study evaluates the total mercury and methylmercury concentrations and their correlations to fish body size in longtail tuna and short-bodied mackerel from Chendring, Kuantan, at east coast and Kuala Perlis at west costs of Peninsular Malaysia during May to November 2007. Total mercury and methylmercury in muscle tissue of 69 samples of longtail tuna and short-bodied mackerel, ranged from 0.180 to 1.460 μg/g and 0.0.169-0.973 μg/g and 0.251-1.470 μg/g and 0.202-1.352, whereas the methylmercury to total mercury ratio ranged from 70% to 83%, respectively. Samples of both species from the east coast showed higher levels of mercury compared to those from west coast. In all of the locations, significant positive correlations were found between fish body weight and mercury content (R(2) > 0.470). The estimated weekly intake of total mercury and methylmercury from the consumption 66.33 g/week of short-bodied mackerel and 18.34 g/week of longtail tuna (based on local dietry survey) was found to be lower than the maximum limit of 5 and 1.5 μg/kg bodyweight established by FAO/WHO and codex, respectively.
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abstract = {Seawater may be contaminated by harmful substances, including toxic elements released by human activities. The present study evaluates the total mercury and methylmercury concentrations and their correlations to fish body size in longtail tuna and short-bodied mackerel from Chendring, Kuantan, at east coast and Kuala Perlis at west costs of Peninsular Malaysia during May to November 2007. Total mercury and methylmercury in muscle tissue of 69 samples of longtail tuna and short-bodied mackerel, ranged from 0.180 to 1.460 μg/g and 0.0.169-0.973 μg/g and 0.251-1.470 μg/g and 0.202-1.352, whereas the methylmercury to total mercury ratio ranged from 70% to 83%, respectively. Samples of both species from the east coast showed higher levels of mercury compared to those from west coast. In all of the locations, significant positive correlations were found between fish body weight and mercury content (R(2) > 0.470). The estimated weekly intake of total mercury and methylmercury from the consumption 66.33 g/week of short-bodied mackerel and 18.34 g/week of longtail tuna (based on local dietry survey) was found to be lower than the maximum limit of 5 and 1.5 μg/kg bodyweight established by FAO/WHO and codex, respectively.},
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}Influence of ecological factors and of land use on mercury levels in fish in the Tapajós River basin, Amazon. Sampaio da Silva, D., Lucotte, M., Paquet, S., & Davidson, R. Environmental research, 109(4):432-46, 5, 2009.
Website abstract bibtex
Website abstract bibtex Mercury (Hg) contamination of riparian communities and of environmental compartments of the Amazon can be directly related to the occupation of the territory. The objective of this study was to identify the characteristics of aquatic environments that are associated with high levels of Hg in ichthyofauna. Our research aimed at determining the influence of variables related to fish ecology, types of aquatic environment, fishing activities by local riparian populations, and watershed use on the levels of contamination of ichthyofauna. Six sites were sampled during two distinct periods of the hydrological cycle: at the beginning of descending waters and during low waters. We focused on ten dominant fish species representing four trophic levels: Curimata inornata, Geophagus proximus, Schizodon vittatum, Leporinus fasciatus, Anostomoides laticeps, Hemiodus unimaculatus, Caenotropus labyrinthicus, Hoplias malabaricus, Plagioscion squamosissimus, Acestrorhynchus falcirostris. The study sites, which included lotic and lentic habitats, are exploited year-round by local riparian communities. Spatial variations in Hg contamination in ichthyofauna were determined by factorial analysis of variance taking into account fish diets, seasons, and sampling sites. Multiple regressions were used to check the influence of ecological and anthropogenic variables and variables related to watershed uses, on Hg levels in key species representing the four trophic groups. Each variable was checked independently. Next, multiple regressions were used to verify the concomitant influence of selected variables. Independently of the study site and the phase of the hydrologic cycle, fish Hg contamination followed the trend piscivores>omnivores>herbivores>detritivores. In all the aquatic study sites, Hg levels measured in predatory species were often higher than the 500 ng/g fresh weight threshold. Mean Hg levels in key species were significantly higher during descending waters in lotic environments, and during low waters in lentic environments. Data from this study demonstrated that simple models based on watershed use and on easily obtained variables such as the suspended particulate matter (SPM) load and SPM Hg concentrations, number of inhabitants, habitat types, and the stage in the hydrological cycle enable very good prediction of Hg levels in fish. Our cartographical data clearly showed that the watershed site with the highest aquatic vegetation cover (6% of the open water body) and with the lowest forest cover (62% of the land) corresponded to the highest Hg concentrations in fish. Conversely, the watershed site with 94% forest cover and 1% aquatic vegetation corresponded to the lowest levels Hg concentrations in fish. These results suggest that land uses of watersheds play a key role in the level of Hg contamination of local ichthyofauna.
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bibtype = {article},
author = {Sampaio da Silva, D and Lucotte, M and Paquet, S and Davidson, R},
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}Contamination levels of mercury in the muscle of female and male spiny dogfishes (Squalus acanthias) caught off the coast of Japan. Endo, T., Hisamichi, Y., Kimura, O., Kotaki, Y., Kato, Y., Ohta, C., Koga, N., & Haraguchi, K. Chemosphere, 77(10):1333-7, Elsevier Ltd, 11, 2009.
Website abstract bibtex
Website abstract bibtex We analyzed the total mercury (T-Hg) and stable isotopes of (13)C and (15)N in the muscle of spiny dogfish (Squalus acanthias) caught off the coast of Japan. The average body length of the female spiny dogfish sampled (94.9+/-20.2 cm, 50.5-131.0 cm, n=40) was significantly larger than that of the males sampled (77.8+/-10.8 cm, 55.5-94.0 cm, n=35), although the ages of the samples were unknown. The T-Hg concentration in the muscle samples rapidly increased after maturity in the females (larger than about 120 cm) and males (larger than about 90 cm), followed by a continued gradual increase. Contamination level of T-Hg in female muscle samples (0.387+/-0.378 microg(wet g)(-1), n=40) was slightly higher than that in male muscle samples (0.316+/-0.202 microg(wet g)(-1), n=35), probably due to the greater longevity of females. In contrast, the contamination level of T-Hg in females smaller than 94.0 cm in length (0.204+/-0.098 microg(wet g)(-1), n=20) was slightly lower than that in the males, probably due to the faster growth rate of females. Although the partial differential(13)C and partial differential(15)N values in the muscle samples increased with an increase in body length, there were no significant differences between the females (-17.2+/-0.4 per thousand and 12.4+/-0.9 per thousand, respectively) and males (-17.3+/-0.4 per thousand and 12.4+/-0.8 per thousand, respectively). A positive correlation was found between partial differential(13)C and partial differential(15)N values, suggesting trophic enrichment due to the growth.
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citation_key = {Endo2009},
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abstract = {We analyzed the total mercury (T-Hg) and stable isotopes of (13)C and (15)N in the muscle of spiny dogfish (Squalus acanthias) caught off the coast of Japan. The average body length of the female spiny dogfish sampled (94.9+/-20.2 cm, 50.5-131.0 cm, n=40) was significantly larger than that of the males sampled (77.8+/-10.8 cm, 55.5-94.0 cm, n=35), although the ages of the samples were unknown. The T-Hg concentration in the muscle samples rapidly increased after maturity in the females (larger than about 120 cm) and males (larger than about 90 cm), followed by a continued gradual increase. Contamination level of T-Hg in female muscle samples (0.387+/-0.378 microg(wet g)(-1), n=40) was slightly higher than that in male muscle samples (0.316+/-0.202 microg(wet g)(-1), n=35), probably due to the greater longevity of females. In contrast, the contamination level of T-Hg in females smaller than 94.0 cm in length (0.204+/-0.098 microg(wet g)(-1), n=20) was slightly lower than that in the males, probably due to the faster growth rate of females. Although the partial differential(13)C and partial differential(15)N values in the muscle samples increased with an increase in body length, there were no significant differences between the females (-17.2+/-0.4 per thousand and 12.4+/-0.9 per thousand, respectively) and males (-17.3+/-0.4 per thousand and 12.4+/-0.8 per thousand, respectively). A positive correlation was found between partial differential(13)C and partial differential(15)N values, suggesting trophic enrichment due to the growth.},
bibtype = {article},
author = {Endo, Tetsuya and Hisamichi, Yohsuke and Kimura, Osamu and Kotaki, Yuichi and Kato, Yoshihisa and Ohta, Chiho and Koga, Nobuyuki and Haraguchi, Koichi},
journal = {Chemosphere},
number = {10}
}Assessment of mercury level in commonly consumed marine fishes in Malaysia. Hajeb, P., Jinap, S., Ismail, A., Fatimah, A., Jamilah, B., & Abdulrahim, M. Food Control, 20(1):79-84, 1, 2009.
Website bibtex
Website bibtex @article{
title = {Assessment of mercury level in commonly consumed marine fishes in Malaysia},
type = {article},
year = {2009},
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notes = {Results do not match up throughout the publication. Contridictions bewteen dry and wet weight [Hg].},
folder_uuids = {4246fe96-2389-417f-9056-527e16d7e71c},
private_publication = {false},
bibtype = {article},
author = {Hajeb, P and Jinap, S and Ismail, A and Fatimah, A and Jamilah, B and Abdulrahim, M},
journal = {Food Control},
number = {1},
keywords = {A0067,AS_FS_077,GBMS}
}Mercury distribution and speciation in water and fish from abandoned Hg mines in Wanshan, Guizhou province, China. Qiu, G., Feng, X., Wang, S., Fu, X., & Shang, L. The Science of the total environment, 407(18):5162-8, Elsevier B.V., 9, 2009.
Website abstract bibtex
Website abstract bibtex Concentrations of total mercury (Hg(T)), methylmercury (MeHg), and its speciation in water samples as well as fish collected from abandoned Hg mines in Wanshan, Guizhou province, China, were measured to show regional dispersion of Hg contaminations that are not well known. High Hg(T) and MeHg(T) (total methylmercury) concentrations obtained in waters from mining areas, ranged from 15 to 9300 ng/l and 0.31 to 25 ng/l, respectively. MeHg(T) were not correlated with Hg(T), whereas, peak values in both cases were in accord with high concentrations of particulate fraction, which appeared to be enhanced during high-flow regime with ratios reaching to 99%. Elevated Hg concentrations in the particulate form indicated that particles released from Hg mining tailings (calcines) might be an important pathway of Hg to the aquatic system. The concentrations of total Hg in fish muscle were elevated ranging from 0.061 to 0.68 mg/kg, but MeHg were generally low ranging from 0.024 to 0.098 mg/kg with a mean ratio of 28%. The concentrations and distribution patterns of Hg in aquatic systems suggested derivation from historic Hg mining sites in the Wanshan area.
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title = {Mercury distribution and speciation in water and fish from abandoned Hg mines in Wanshan, Guizhou province, China.},
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abstract = {Concentrations of total mercury (Hg(T)), methylmercury (MeHg), and its speciation in water samples as well as fish collected from abandoned Hg mines in Wanshan, Guizhou province, China, were measured to show regional dispersion of Hg contaminations that are not well known. High Hg(T) and MeHg(T) (total methylmercury) concentrations obtained in waters from mining areas, ranged from 15 to 9300 ng/l and 0.31 to 25 ng/l, respectively. MeHg(T) were not correlated with Hg(T), whereas, peak values in both cases were in accord with high concentrations of particulate fraction, which appeared to be enhanced during high-flow regime with ratios reaching to 99%. Elevated Hg concentrations in the particulate form indicated that particles released from Hg mining tailings (calcines) might be an important pathway of Hg to the aquatic system. The concentrations of total Hg in fish muscle were elevated ranging from 0.061 to 0.68 mg/kg, but MeHg were generally low ranging from 0.024 to 0.098 mg/kg with a mean ratio of 28%. The concentrations and distribution patterns of Hg in aquatic systems suggested derivation from historic Hg mining sites in the Wanshan area.},
bibtype = {article},
author = {Qiu, Guangle and Feng, Xinbin and Wang, Shaofeng and Fu, Xuewu and Shang, Lihai},
journal = {The Science of the total environment},
number = {18}
}2008 (8)
Mercury in fish that are of dietary importance from the coasts of Sinaloa (SE Gulf of California). Ruelas-Inzunza, J., Mezalopez, G., & Paezosuna, F. Journal of Food Composition and Analysis, 21(3):211-218, 5, 2008.
Website bibtex
Website bibtex @article{
title = {Mercury in fish that are of dietary importance from the coasts of Sinaloa (SE Gulf of California)},
type = {article},
year = {2008},
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month = {5},
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bibtype = {article},
author = {Ruelas-Inzunza, J and Mezalopez, G and Paezosuna, F},
journal = {Journal of Food Composition and Analysis},
number = {3}
}Organochlorine and mercury contamination in fish tissues from the River Nestos, Greece. Christoforidis, A., Stamatis, N., Schmieder, K., & Tsachalidis, E. Chemosphere, 70(4):694-702, 1, 2008.
Website abstract bibtex
Website abstract bibtex Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH) isomers, dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) and its metabolites, other organochlorine pesticides such as hexachlorobenzene (HCB), chlordane compounds (CHLs, including trans-chlordane and cis- and trans-nonachlor) and the heavy metal mercury were quantified in muscle and liver of the European chub (Leuciscus cephalus, Linnaeus, 1758) and in the muscle of the barbel (Barbus cyclolepis, Heckel, 1837) at two sampling sites of the River Nestos, Greece. PCBs in muscle and DDTs in the liver tissues were the predominant organochlorinated contaminants. Among the PCBs, congeners 47 (up to 9.60 ng g(-1) wet wt.), 180 (up to 1.15 ng g(-1) wet wt.) and 190 (up to 1.50 ng g(-1) wet wt.) were the most frequent and abundant. The contamination degree by the sum of PCBs on the fish tissue samples from the River Nestos is lower or similar to PCB levels found in other ecosystems. Among the organochlorine pesticides, essentially only p,p'-DDD, p,p'-DDE and alpha-, beta- and gamma-HCH were found, with the former appearing at mean levels up to 30.71 ng g(-1) wet wt. From a public health standpoint, residue organochlorine pesticide levels from our work are considerably lower than the recommended tolerance limits. Finally, mean values of Hg in chub were significant lower (up to 31.04 ng g(-1) wet wt.) compared to those detected on barbel (up to 169.27 ng g(-1) wet wt.). The concentrations of Hg in fresh water fish from the River Nestos did not exceed WHO and US EPA health guidelines, and were suitable for human consumption.
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abstract = {Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH) isomers, dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) and its metabolites, other organochlorine pesticides such as hexachlorobenzene (HCB), chlordane compounds (CHLs, including trans-chlordane and cis- and trans-nonachlor) and the heavy metal mercury were quantified in muscle and liver of the European chub (Leuciscus cephalus, Linnaeus, 1758) and in the muscle of the barbel (Barbus cyclolepis, Heckel, 1837) at two sampling sites of the River Nestos, Greece. PCBs in muscle and DDTs in the liver tissues were the predominant organochlorinated contaminants. Among the PCBs, congeners 47 (up to 9.60 ng g(-1) wet wt.), 180 (up to 1.15 ng g(-1) wet wt.) and 190 (up to 1.50 ng g(-1) wet wt.) were the most frequent and abundant. The contamination degree by the sum of PCBs on the fish tissue samples from the River Nestos is lower or similar to PCB levels found in other ecosystems. Among the organochlorine pesticides, essentially only p,p'-DDD, p,p'-DDE and alpha-, beta- and gamma-HCH were found, with the former appearing at mean levels up to 30.71 ng g(-1) wet wt. From a public health standpoint, residue organochlorine pesticide levels from our work are considerably lower than the recommended tolerance limits. Finally, mean values of Hg in chub were significant lower (up to 31.04 ng g(-1) wet wt.) compared to those detected on barbel (up to 169.27 ng g(-1) wet wt.). The concentrations of Hg in fresh water fish from the River Nestos did not exceed WHO and US EPA health guidelines, and were suitable for human consumption.},
bibtype = {article},
author = {Christoforidis, Achilleas and Stamatis, Nikolaos and Schmieder, Klaus and Tsachalidis, Efstathios},
journal = {Chemosphere},
number = {4}
}A summary of total mercury concentrations in flora and fauna near common contaminant sources in the Gulf of Mexico. Lewis, M. & Chancy, C. Chemosphere, 70(11):2016-24, 2, 2008.
Website abstract bibtex
Website abstract bibtex Total mercury concentrations are summarized for environmental media and biota collected from near-coastal areas, several impacted by contaminant sources common to the Gulf of Mexico. Water, sediment, fish, blue crabs, oysters, clams, mussels, periphyton and seagrasses were collected during 1993-2002 from targeted areas affected by point and non-point source contaminants. Mean concentrations in water and sediment were 0.02 (+/-1 standard deviation=0.06) microg l(-1) and 96.3 (230.8) ng g(-1) dry wt, respectively. Mean total mercury concentrations in fish, blue crabs, brackish clams and mussels were significantly greater than those in sediment, seagrass, colonized periphyton and oysters. Concentrations (ng g(-1) dry wt) averaged 23.1 (two seagrass species), 220.1 (oysters), 287.8 (colonized periphyton), 604.0 (four species of freshwater mussels), 772.4 (brackish clam), 857.9 (blue crabs) and 933.1 (nine fish species). Spatial, intraspecific and interspecific variability in results limited most generalizations concerning the relative mercury contributions of different stressor types. However, concentrations were significantly greater for some biota collected from areas receiving wastewater discharges and golf course runoff (fish), agricultural runoff (oysters) and urban stormwater runoff (colonized periphyton and sediment). Marine water quality criteria and proposed sediment quality guidelines were exceeded in 1-12% of total samples. At least one seafood consumption guideline, criteria or screening value were exceeded in edible tissues of blue crabs (6% total samples) and nine fish species (8-33% total samples) but all residues were less than the US Federal Drug Administration action limit of 1.0 ppm and the few reported toxic effect concentrations available for the targeted biota.
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abstract = {Total mercury concentrations are summarized for environmental media and biota collected from near-coastal areas, several impacted by contaminant sources common to the Gulf of Mexico. Water, sediment, fish, blue crabs, oysters, clams, mussels, periphyton and seagrasses were collected during 1993-2002 from targeted areas affected by point and non-point source contaminants. Mean concentrations in water and sediment were 0.02 (+/-1 standard deviation=0.06) microg l(-1) and 96.3 (230.8) ng g(-1) dry wt, respectively. Mean total mercury concentrations in fish, blue crabs, brackish clams and mussels were significantly greater than those in sediment, seagrass, colonized periphyton and oysters. Concentrations (ng g(-1) dry wt) averaged 23.1 (two seagrass species), 220.1 (oysters), 287.8 (colonized periphyton), 604.0 (four species of freshwater mussels), 772.4 (brackish clam), 857.9 (blue crabs) and 933.1 (nine fish species). Spatial, intraspecific and interspecific variability in results limited most generalizations concerning the relative mercury contributions of different stressor types. However, concentrations were significantly greater for some biota collected from areas receiving wastewater discharges and golf course runoff (fish), agricultural runoff (oysters) and urban stormwater runoff (colonized periphyton and sediment). Marine water quality criteria and proposed sediment quality guidelines were exceeded in 1-12% of total samples. At least one seafood consumption guideline, criteria or screening value were exceeded in edible tissues of blue crabs (6% total samples) and nine fish species (8-33% total samples) but all residues were less than the US Federal Drug Administration action limit of 1.0 ppm and the few reported toxic effect concentrations available for the targeted biota.},
bibtype = {article},
author = {Lewis, M and Chancy, C},
journal = {Chemosphere},
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}Linking mercury exposure to habitat and feeding behaviour in Beaufort Sea beluga whales. Loseto, L., Stern, G., Deibel, D., Connelly, T., Prokopowicz, A., Lean, D., Fortier, L., & Ferguson, S. Journal of Marine Systems, 74(3-4):1012-1024, Elsevier B.V., 12, 2008.
Website bibtex
Website bibtex @article{
title = {Linking mercury exposure to habitat and feeding behaviour in Beaufort Sea beluga whales},
type = {article},
year = {2008},
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month = {12},
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author = {Loseto, L and Stern, G and Deibel, D and Connelly, T and Prokopowicz, A and Lean, D and Fortier, L and Ferguson, S},
journal = {Journal of Marine Systems},
number = {3-4}
}Mercury biomagnification in the food web of Lake Tanganyika (Tanzania, East Africa). Campbell, L., Verburg, P., Dixon, D., G., & Hecky, R., E. The Science of the total environment, 402(2-3):184-91, 9, 2008.
Website abstract bibtex
Website abstract bibtex Lake Tanganyika is a globally important lake with high endemic biodiversity. Millions of people in the lake basin depend on several fish species for consumption. Due to the importance of fish consumption as an exposure route of mercury to humans, we sampled Lake Tanganyika in 2000 to assess total mercury concentrations and biomagnification of total mercury through the food web. Stable nitrogen and carbon isotope analyses of food web structure indicate a complex food web with overlapping omnivory with some specialist fish species. Stable nitrogen isotope analyses further confirm that mercury is biomagnifying through the Tanganyika food web at rates similar to those seen in Lakes Malawi and Victoria, the other two African Great Lakes. Most collected fish species and all invertebrate species had mercury concentrations below 0.2 microg Hg/g wet weight. However, several fish species, Ctenochromis horei (average 0.15 microg/g ww), Neolamprologus boulengeri (0.2 microg/g ww) , Bathybates spp.spp. (0.21 microg/g ww), Mastacembelus cunningtoni (0.22 microg/g ww) and Clarias theodorae (0.22 microg/g ww) approached or slightly exceeded the World Health Organization (WHO)'s recommended guideline of 0.2 microg Hg/g for vulnerable populations with high rates of fish consumption. Two individuals of the piscivorous fish species Lates microlepis (0.54, 0.78 microg/g ww) and a Polypterus congicus (1.3 microg/g ww) exceeded the international marketing limit value of 0.5 microg/g ww. Because C. theodorae and L. microlepis are also important market fish species, there is a need to monitor mercury concentrations in internationally marketed fish from Lake Tanganikya to ensure that those fish do not present a risk to human consumers.
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abstract = {Lake Tanganyika is a globally important lake with high endemic biodiversity. Millions of people in the lake basin depend on several fish species for consumption. Due to the importance of fish consumption as an exposure route of mercury to humans, we sampled Lake Tanganyika in 2000 to assess total mercury concentrations and biomagnification of total mercury through the food web. Stable nitrogen and carbon isotope analyses of food web structure indicate a complex food web with overlapping omnivory with some specialist fish species. Stable nitrogen isotope analyses further confirm that mercury is biomagnifying through the Tanganyika food web at rates similar to those seen in Lakes Malawi and Victoria, the other two African Great Lakes. Most collected fish species and all invertebrate species had mercury concentrations below 0.2 microg Hg/g wet weight. However, several fish species, Ctenochromis horei (average 0.15 microg/g ww), Neolamprologus boulengeri (0.2 microg/g ww) , Bathybates spp.spp. (0.21 microg/g ww), Mastacembelus cunningtoni (0.22 microg/g ww) and Clarias theodorae (0.22 microg/g ww) approached or slightly exceeded the World Health Organization (WHO)'s recommended guideline of 0.2 microg Hg/g for vulnerable populations with high rates of fish consumption. Two individuals of the piscivorous fish species Lates microlepis (0.54, 0.78 microg/g ww) and a Polypterus congicus (1.3 microg/g ww) exceeded the international marketing limit value of 0.5 microg/g ww. Because C. theodorae and L. microlepis are also important market fish species, there is a need to monitor mercury concentrations in internationally marketed fish from Lake Tanganikya to ensure that those fish do not present a risk to human consumers.},
bibtype = {article},
author = {Campbell, L and Verburg, Piet and Dixon, D G and Hecky, R E},
journal = {The Science of the total environment},
number = {2-3}
}Fish mercury development in relation to abiotic characteristics and carbon sources in a six-year-old, Brazilian reservoir. Tuomola, L., Niklasson, T., de Castro E Silva, E., & Hylander, L., D. The Science of the total environment, 390(1):177-87, 2, 2008.
Website abstract bibtex
Website abstract bibtex Time series on fish mercury (Hg) development are rare for hydroelectric reservoirs in the tropics. In the central-western part of Brazil, a hydroelectric reservoir, called Lago Manso, was completed in 1999 after that background levels of fish Hg concentrations had been determined. The development for the first 3 years was studied in 2002. The objective of the present study was to determine development of fish Hg concentrations for a second three-year period after flooding. The bioaccumulation factor and certain abiotic and biotic factors, possibly affecting the availability and accumulation of Hg, were also examined. The results show that Hg levels in fish from Lago Manso have increased more than five times compared to the background levels observed before construction of the reservoir. At the same time, dissolved organic carbon has increased while dissolved oxygen has decreased indicating enhanced bioavailability of Hg. In the reservoir, Salminus brasiliensis had in average a Hg content of 1.1 microg g(-1) f.w., Pseudoplatystoma fasciatum 1.2, Serrasalmus marginatus/spilopleura 0.9, and Brycon hilarii 0.6 microg g(-1) f.w. The average fish Hg contents were higher downstream, except for B. hilarii. In the reservoir, the average Hg content of each species was in 2005 always over the consumption limit (0.55 microg total Hg g(-1) f.w.) recommended by WHO. Therefore, the people living around Lago Manso should be informed of the health effects of Hg, and fish consumption recommendations should be carried out. The accumulation of Hg varies widely between species as shown by the bioaccumulation factor which ranges between 5.08 and 5.59 log units. The observed variation is explained by differences in diet and trophic position with piscivorous fish exhibiting the highest mean Hg concentration, followed by carnivorous and omnivorous species. Carbon isotope analyses imply that trophic position is not the only cause of the observed differences in Hg levels between omnivorous B. hilarii, having a diet partly based on C(4) plants, and carnivorous S. marginatus as well as piscivorous S. brasiliensis, whose carbon sources are depleted in (13)C. The fact that the species have different carbon sources indicates that they belong to different food chains.
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abstract = {Time series on fish mercury (Hg) development are rare for hydroelectric reservoirs in the tropics. In the central-western part of Brazil, a hydroelectric reservoir, called Lago Manso, was completed in 1999 after that background levels of fish Hg concentrations had been determined. The development for the first 3 years was studied in 2002. The objective of the present study was to determine development of fish Hg concentrations for a second three-year period after flooding. The bioaccumulation factor and certain abiotic and biotic factors, possibly affecting the availability and accumulation of Hg, were also examined. The results show that Hg levels in fish from Lago Manso have increased more than five times compared to the background levels observed before construction of the reservoir. At the same time, dissolved organic carbon has increased while dissolved oxygen has decreased indicating enhanced bioavailability of Hg. In the reservoir, Salminus brasiliensis had in average a Hg content of 1.1 microg g(-1) f.w., Pseudoplatystoma fasciatum 1.2, Serrasalmus marginatus/spilopleura 0.9, and Brycon hilarii 0.6 microg g(-1) f.w. The average fish Hg contents were higher downstream, except for B. hilarii. In the reservoir, the average Hg content of each species was in 2005 always over the consumption limit (0.55 microg total Hg g(-1) f.w.) recommended by WHO. Therefore, the people living around Lago Manso should be informed of the health effects of Hg, and fish consumption recommendations should be carried out. The accumulation of Hg varies widely between species as shown by the bioaccumulation factor which ranges between 5.08 and 5.59 log units. The observed variation is explained by differences in diet and trophic position with piscivorous fish exhibiting the highest mean Hg concentration, followed by carnivorous and omnivorous species. Carbon isotope analyses imply that trophic position is not the only cause of the observed differences in Hg levels between omnivorous B. hilarii, having a diet partly based on C(4) plants, and carnivorous S. marginatus as well as piscivorous S. brasiliensis, whose carbon sources are depleted in (13)C. The fact that the species have different carbon sources indicates that they belong to different food chains.},
bibtype = {article},
author = {Tuomola, Leena and Niklasson, Terese and de Castro E Silva, Edinaldo and Hylander, Lars D},
journal = {The Science of the total environment},
number = {1}
}Metal tissue levels in Steller sea lion (Eumetopias jubatus) pups. Holmes, A., L., Wise, S., S., Goertz, C., E., C., Dunn, J., L., Gulland, F., M., D., Gelatt, T., Beckmen, K., B., Burek, K., Atkinson, S., Bozza, M., Taylor, R., Zheng, T., Zhang, Y., Aboueissa, A., & Wise, J., P. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 56(8):1416-1421, 8, 2008.
Website abstract bibtex
Website abstract bibtex The endangered Western population of the Steller sea lion declined for three decades for uncertain reasons. We present baseline data of metal concentrations in pups as a first step towards investigating the potential threat of developmental exposures to contaminants. Seven metals were investigated: arsenic, cadmium, silver, aluminum, mercury, lead and vanadium. Vanadium was detected in only a single blubber sample. Mercury appears to be the most toxicologically significant metal with concentrations in the liver well above the current action level for mercury in fish. The concentrations of aluminum, arsenic, silver, cadmium and lead were present in one-fourth to two-thirds of all samples and were at either comparable or below concentrations previously reported. Neither gender nor region had a significant effect on metal burdens. Future work should consider metal concentrations in juveniles and adults and toxicological studies need to be performed to begin to assess the toxicity of these metals.
@article{
title = {Metal tissue levels in Steller sea lion (Eumetopias jubatus) pups.},
type = {article},
year = {2008},
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pages = {1416-1421},
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abstract = {The endangered Western population of the Steller sea lion declined for three decades for uncertain reasons. We present baseline data of metal concentrations in pups as a first step towards investigating the potential threat of developmental exposures to contaminants. Seven metals were investigated: arsenic, cadmium, silver, aluminum, mercury, lead and vanadium. Vanadium was detected in only a single blubber sample. Mercury appears to be the most toxicologically significant metal with concentrations in the liver well above the current action level for mercury in fish. The concentrations of aluminum, arsenic, silver, cadmium and lead were present in one-fourth to two-thirds of all samples and were at either comparable or below concentrations previously reported. Neither gender nor region had a significant effect on metal burdens. Future work should consider metal concentrations in juveniles and adults and toxicological studies need to be performed to begin to assess the toxicity of these metals.},
bibtype = {article},
author = {Holmes, Amie L and Wise, Sandra S and Goertz, Caroline E C and Dunn, J Lawrence and Gulland, Frances M D and Gelatt, Tom and Beckmen, Kimberlee B and Burek, Kathy and Atkinson, Shannon and Bozza, Mary and Taylor, Robert and Zheng, Tongzhang and Zhang, Yawei and Aboueissa, Abouel-Makarim and Wise, John Pierce},
journal = {Marine Pollution Bulletin},
number = {8}
}Contamination levels of mercury and cadmium in melon-headed whales (Peponocephala electra) from a mass stranding on the Japanese coast. Endo, T., Hisamichi, Y., Kimura, O., Haraguchi, K., & Baker, C., S. The Science of the total environment, 401(1-3):73-80, 8, 2008.
Website abstract bibtex
Website abstract bibtex Total mercury (T-Hg), methyl mercury (M-Hg), cadmium (Cd), selenium (Se), zinc (Zn) and copper (Cu) concentrations in the organs of melon-headed whales from a mass stranding on the Japanese coast were analyzed. The mean concentration of T-Hg in the liver (126+/-97 microg/wet g, n=13) was markedly higher than those in kidney (6.34+/-2.36 microg/wet g, n=12) and muscle (4.90+/-2.33 microg/wet g, n=15). In contrast, the mean concentration of M-Hg in the liver (9.08+/-2.24 microg/wet g) was similar to those in the kidney (3.47+/-0.91 microg/wet g) and muscle (3.78+/-1.53 microg/wet g). The mean percentage of M-Hg in the T-Hg found in the liver (13.1+/-10.3) was significantly lower than those in the kidney (58.3+/-15.0) and muscle (78.9+/-8.4). The molar ratio of T-Hg to Se in the liver was effectively 1.0, but those in the kidney and muscle were markedly lower. Conversely, the mean concentration of Cd was markedly higher in the kidney (24.4+/-7.4 microg/wet g) than in the liver (7.24+/-2.08 microg/wet g) and muscle (less than 0.05 microg/wet g). These results suggest that the formation of Hg-Se compounds mainly occurs in the liver after the demethylation of M-Hg, and Cd preferentially accumulates in the kidney of melon-headed whales.
@article{
title = {Contamination levels of mercury and cadmium in melon-headed whales (Peponocephala electra) from a mass stranding on the Japanese coast.},
type = {article},
year = {2008},
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abstract = {Total mercury (T-Hg), methyl mercury (M-Hg), cadmium (Cd), selenium (Se), zinc (Zn) and copper (Cu) concentrations in the organs of melon-headed whales from a mass stranding on the Japanese coast were analyzed. The mean concentration of T-Hg in the liver (126+/-97 microg/wet g, n=13) was markedly higher than those in kidney (6.34+/-2.36 microg/wet g, n=12) and muscle (4.90+/-2.33 microg/wet g, n=15). In contrast, the mean concentration of M-Hg in the liver (9.08+/-2.24 microg/wet g) was similar to those in the kidney (3.47+/-0.91 microg/wet g) and muscle (3.78+/-1.53 microg/wet g). The mean percentage of M-Hg in the T-Hg found in the liver (13.1+/-10.3) was significantly lower than those in the kidney (58.3+/-15.0) and muscle (78.9+/-8.4). The molar ratio of T-Hg to Se in the liver was effectively 1.0, but those in the kidney and muscle were markedly lower. Conversely, the mean concentration of Cd was markedly higher in the kidney (24.4+/-7.4 microg/wet g) than in the liver (7.24+/-2.08 microg/wet g) and muscle (less than 0.05 microg/wet g). These results suggest that the formation of Hg-Se compounds mainly occurs in the liver after the demethylation of M-Hg, and Cd preferentially accumulates in the kidney of melon-headed whales.},
bibtype = {article},
author = {Endo, Tetsuya and Hisamichi, Yohsuke and Kimura, Osamu and Haraguchi, Koichi and Baker, C Scott},
journal = {The Science of the total environment},
number = {1-3}
}2007 (6)
Mercury and selenium in blue shark (Prionace glauca, L. 1758) and swordfish (Xiphias gladius, L. 1758) from two areas of the Atlantic Ocean. Branco, V., Vale, C., Canário, J., & Santos, M., N., D. Environmental Pollution, 150(3):373-80, 12, 2007.
Website abstract bibtex
Website abstract bibtex Muscle, liver and stomach contents of 64 blue sharks and 52 swordfishes, caught between September 2004 and February 2005 near the Azores (area A) and the Equator (area E), were analysed for mercury and selenium. Levels of mercury were relatively high (blue shark: 0.032-2.5microgg(-1); swordfish: 0.031-9.8microgg(-1)) and comparable to values reported in the literature. However, mercury and organic mercury concentrations in muscle and liver of specimens from E were significantly higher than those from A. A similar trend was registered in stomach contents, suggesting higher uptake of Hg in specimens from E. This difference was also observed in the relationship between concentration in muscle and size, indicating a higher accumulation rate in specimens from E. The accumulation of Se in the liver of both species showed a positive correlation with inorganic mercury concentrations, pointing to a detoxifying mechanism of organic mercury in these species through Se-Hg liasons.
@article{
title = {Mercury and selenium in blue shark (Prionace glauca, L. 1758) and swordfish (Xiphias gladius, L. 1758) from two areas of the Atlantic Ocean.},
type = {article},
year = {2007},
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volume = {150},
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month = {12},
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abstract = {Muscle, liver and stomach contents of 64 blue sharks and 52 swordfishes, caught between September 2004 and February 2005 near the Azores (area A) and the Equator (area E), were analysed for mercury and selenium. Levels of mercury were relatively high (blue shark: 0.032-2.5microgg(-1); swordfish: 0.031-9.8microgg(-1)) and comparable to values reported in the literature. However, mercury and organic mercury concentrations in muscle and liver of specimens from E were significantly higher than those from A. A similar trend was registered in stomach contents, suggesting higher uptake of Hg in specimens from E. This difference was also observed in the relationship between concentration in muscle and size, indicating a higher accumulation rate in specimens from E. The accumulation of Se in the liver of both species showed a positive correlation with inorganic mercury concentrations, pointing to a detoxifying mechanism of organic mercury in these species through Se-Hg liasons.},
bibtype = {article},
author = {Branco, Vasco and Vale, Carlos and Canário, João and Santos, Miguel Neves Dos},
journal = {Environmental Pollution},
number = {3}
}Bioaccumulation of mercury in pelagic fishes from the northern Gulf of Mexico. Cai, Y., Rooker, J., R., Gill, G., A., & Turner, J., P. Canadian Journal of Fisheries & Aquatic Sciences, 64:458-469, 2007.
bibtex
bibtex
@article{
title = {Bioaccumulation of mercury in pelagic fishes from the northern Gulf of Mexico},
type = {article},
year = {2007},
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pages = {458-469},
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author = {Cai, Yan and Rooker, Jay R and Gill, Gary A and Turner, Jason P},
journal = {Canadian Journal of Fisheries & Aquatic Sciences},
keywords = {A0068,GBMS,NA_FS_078}
}Total mercury content found in edible tissues of top predator fish from the Gulf of California, Mexico. García-Hernández, J., Cadena-Cárdenas, L., Betancourt-Lozano, M., García-De-La-Parra, L., M., García-Rico, L., & Márquez-Farías, F. Toxicological & Environmental Chemistry, 89(3):507-522, 7, 2007.
Website bibtex
Website bibtex @article{
title = {Total mercury content found in edible tissues of top predator fish from the Gulf of California, Mexico},
type = {article},
year = {2007},
identifiers = {[object Object]},
pages = {507-522},
volume = {89},
websites = {http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/02772240601165594},
month = {7},
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citation_key = {Garcia-Hernandez2007},
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private_publication = {false},
bibtype = {article},
author = {García-Hernández, Jaqueline and Cadena-Cárdenas, Lázaro and Betancourt-Lozano, Miguel and García-De-La-Parra, Luz Maria and García-Rico, Leticia and Márquez-Farías, Fernando},
journal = {Toxicological & Environmental Chemistry},
number = {3},
keywords = {A0041,CA_FS_050,GBMS,rec# 14826}
}Trace element concentrations in skin of free-ranging bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) from the southeast Atlantic coast. Stavros, H., W., Bossart, G., D., Hulsey, T., C., & Fair, P., a. The Science of the total environment, 388(1-3):300-15, 12, 2007.
Website abstract bibtex
Website abstract bibtex Concentrations of trace elements (Al, As, Ba, Be, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Li, Mn, Ni, Pb, Sb, Se, Sn, Tl, U, V, Zn) and total mercury (THg) were determined in skin samples collected from free-ranging bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) populations. Dolphins were captured in the estuarine waters of Charleston (CHS), South Carolina (n=74) and the Indian River Lagoon (IRL), Florida (n=75) during 2003, 2004 and 2005. A subset of the skin tissue samples were used to determine methylmercury (MeHg) levels in CHS (n=17) and IRL (n=8) bottlenose dolphins. Distributions of trace element concentrations by age (adult vs. juvenile), gender (male vs. female) and study area (CHS vs. IRL) were examined. In general, higher elemental skin concentrations were found in CHS adult males than those of IRL adult males, except for THg and MeHg. For CHS dolphins, adult females showed significantly higher THg levels than juvenile females while higher Mn levels were found in juvenile females. For IRL dolphins, adult males showed significantly higher As concentrations than that in juvenile males and females while higher Co and V levels were found in juvenile males than adult males. Of all elements measured in this study, significantly higher levels of Fe, Se and Zn concentrations in skin tissue of both dolphin populations were similar to other studies reported previously. Percentage of MeHg/THg in skin tissue of CHS and IRL dolphin was about 72% and 73%, respectively. Dietary levels of trace elements may play an important role in contributing to concentration differences for As, Co, Mn, Sb, Se, THg and Tl between CHS and IRL dolphins. Total Hg concentrations were significantly correlated with the age of CHS dolphins, while an inverse relationship was detected for Cu, Mn, Pb, U and Zn. The only significant correlation found between trace element concentration and IRL dolphins' age was Mn. Geographic differences in several trace element concentrations (As, Co, Mn, Sb, Se, THg and Tl) in skin tissue may be potentially useful to discriminate between dolphin populations and is a possibility that warrants further investigation.
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title = {Trace element concentrations in skin of free-ranging bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) from the southeast Atlantic coast.},
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notes = {only entered total column for each site.},
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abstract = {Concentrations of trace elements (Al, As, Ba, Be, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Li, Mn, Ni, Pb, Sb, Se, Sn, Tl, U, V, Zn) and total mercury (THg) were determined in skin samples collected from free-ranging bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) populations. Dolphins were captured in the estuarine waters of Charleston (CHS), South Carolina (n=74) and the Indian River Lagoon (IRL), Florida (n=75) during 2003, 2004 and 2005. A subset of the skin tissue samples were used to determine methylmercury (MeHg) levels in CHS (n=17) and IRL (n=8) bottlenose dolphins. Distributions of trace element concentrations by age (adult vs. juvenile), gender (male vs. female) and study area (CHS vs. IRL) were examined. In general, higher elemental skin concentrations were found in CHS adult males than those of IRL adult males, except for THg and MeHg. For CHS dolphins, adult females showed significantly higher THg levels than juvenile females while higher Mn levels were found in juvenile females. For IRL dolphins, adult males showed significantly higher As concentrations than that in juvenile males and females while higher Co and V levels were found in juvenile males than adult males. Of all elements measured in this study, significantly higher levels of Fe, Se and Zn concentrations in skin tissue of both dolphin populations were similar to other studies reported previously. Percentage of MeHg/THg in skin tissue of CHS and IRL dolphin was about 72% and 73%, respectively. Dietary levels of trace elements may play an important role in contributing to concentration differences for As, Co, Mn, Sb, Se, THg and Tl between CHS and IRL dolphins. Total Hg concentrations were significantly correlated with the age of CHS dolphins, while an inverse relationship was detected for Cu, Mn, Pb, U and Zn. The only significant correlation found between trace element concentration and IRL dolphins' age was Mn. Geographic differences in several trace element concentrations (As, Co, Mn, Sb, Se, THg and Tl) in skin tissue may be potentially useful to discriminate between dolphin populations and is a possibility that warrants further investigation.},
bibtype = {article},
author = {Stavros, Hui-Chen W and Bossart, Gregory D and Hulsey, Thomas C and Fair, Patricia a},
journal = {The Science of the total environment},
number = {1-3}
}Essential and non-essential element concentrations in two sleeper shark species collected in arctic waters. McMeans, B., C., Borgå, K., Bechtol, W., R., Higginbotham, D., & Fisk, A., T. Environmental Pollution, 148(1):281-90, 7, 2007.
Website abstract bibtex
Website abstract bibtex A number of elements/metals have increased in arctic biota and are of concern due to their potential toxicity. Most studies on elements in the Arctic have focused on marine mammals and seabirds, but concentrations in the Greenland shark (Somniosus microcephalus) and Pacific sleeper shark (Somniosus pacificus), the only two shark species known to regularly inhabit arctic waters, have never been reported. To address this data gap, concentrations and patterns of 25 elements were analyzed in liver of Greenland sharks collected about Cumberland Sound (n=24) and Pacific sleeper sharks collected about Prince William Sound (n=14). Several non-essential elements differed between species/locations, which could suggest geographical exposure differences or ecological (e.g., diet) differences between the species. Certain essential elements also differed between the two sleeper sharks, which may indicate different physiological requirements between these closely related shark species, although information on such relationships are lacking for sharks and fish.
@article{
title = {Essential and non-essential element concentrations in two sleeper shark species collected in arctic waters.},
type = {article},
year = {2007},
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abstract = {A number of elements/metals have increased in arctic biota and are of concern due to their potential toxicity. Most studies on elements in the Arctic have focused on marine mammals and seabirds, but concentrations in the Greenland shark (Somniosus microcephalus) and Pacific sleeper shark (Somniosus pacificus), the only two shark species known to regularly inhabit arctic waters, have never been reported. To address this data gap, concentrations and patterns of 25 elements were analyzed in liver of Greenland sharks collected about Cumberland Sound (n=24) and Pacific sleeper sharks collected about Prince William Sound (n=14). Several non-essential elements differed between species/locations, which could suggest geographical exposure differences or ecological (e.g., diet) differences between the species. Certain essential elements also differed between the two sleeper sharks, which may indicate different physiological requirements between these closely related shark species, although information on such relationships are lacking for sharks and fish.},
bibtype = {article},
author = {McMeans, Bailey C and Borgå, Katrine and Bechtol, William R and Higginbotham, David and Fisk, Aaron T},
journal = {Environmental Pollution},
number = {1}
}Selenium and mercury in pelagic fish in the central north pacific near Hawaii. Kaneko, J., J. & Ralston, N., V., C. Biological trace element research, 119(3):242-54, 12, 2007.
Website abstract bibtex
Website abstract bibtex Protective effects of selenium against mercury toxicity have been demonstrated in all animal models evaluated. As interactions between selenium and mercury and their molar ratios in seafood are essential factors in evaluating risks associated with dietary mercury exposure, considering mercury content alone is inadequate. In this study, the absolute and molar concentrations of mercury and selenium were determined in edible portions from 420 individual fish representing 15 species of pelagic fish collected from the central North Pacific Ocean near Hawaii. Selenium was in molar excess of mercury in almost all fish species evaluated. The rank order of mean Se/Hg molar ratios was striped marlin (17.6) > yellowfin tuna (14.1) > mahimahi (13.1) > skipjack tuna (12.8) > spearfish (11.4) > wahoo (10.8) > sickle pomfret (6.7) > albacore tuna (5.3) > bigeye tuna (5.2) > blue marlin (4.1) > escolar (2.4) > opah (2.3) > thresher shark (1.5) > swordfish (1.2) > mako shark (0.5). With a Se/Hg molar ratio of less than 1, mako shark was the only fish containing a net molar excess of mercury. A selenium health benefit value based on the absolute amounts and relative proportions of selenium and mercury in seafood is proposed as a more comprehensive seafood safety criterion.
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title = {Selenium and mercury in pelagic fish in the central north pacific near Hawaii.},
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abstract = {Protective effects of selenium against mercury toxicity have been demonstrated in all animal models evaluated. As interactions between selenium and mercury and their molar ratios in seafood are essential factors in evaluating risks associated with dietary mercury exposure, considering mercury content alone is inadequate. In this study, the absolute and molar concentrations of mercury and selenium were determined in edible portions from 420 individual fish representing 15 species of pelagic fish collected from the central North Pacific Ocean near Hawaii. Selenium was in molar excess of mercury in almost all fish species evaluated. The rank order of mean Se/Hg molar ratios was striped marlin (17.6) > yellowfin tuna (14.1) > mahimahi (13.1) > skipjack tuna (12.8) > spearfish (11.4) > wahoo (10.8) > sickle pomfret (6.7) > albacore tuna (5.3) > bigeye tuna (5.2) > blue marlin (4.1) > escolar (2.4) > opah (2.3) > thresher shark (1.5) > swordfish (1.2) > mako shark (0.5). With a Se/Hg molar ratio of less than 1, mako shark was the only fish containing a net molar excess of mercury. A selenium health benefit value based on the absolute amounts and relative proportions of selenium and mercury in seafood is proposed as a more comprehensive seafood safety criterion.},
bibtype = {article},
author = {Kaneko, J John and Ralston, Nicholas V C},
journal = {Biological trace element research},
number = {3}
}2006 (2)
Mercury concentrations in fish species caught at Mid-Atlantic Ridge hydrothermal vent fields. Martins, I., Costa, V., Porteiro, F., M., Colaço, A., & Santos, R., S. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 320:253-258, 8, 2006.
Website bibtex
Website bibtex @article{
title = {Mercury concentrations in fish species caught at Mid-Atlantic Ridge hydrothermal vent fields},
type = {article},
year = {2006},
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author = {Martins, I and Costa, V and Porteiro, F M and Colaço, A and Santos, R S},
journal = {Marine Ecology Progress Series}
}Mercury content in commercial pelagic fish and its risk assessment in the Western Indian Ocean. Kojadinovic, J., Potier, M., Le Corre, M., Cosson, R., P., & Bustamante, P. The Science of the total environment, 366(2-3):688-700, 8, 2006.
Website abstract bibtex
Website abstract bibtex As top predators of pelagic food webs, large fish naturally bioaccumulate mercury (Hg). Determining Hg burdens in commercialized fish is essential considering the concern about effects of contaminants on human health and the legal thresholds that are therefore set for local consumption and/or exportation. Total Hg levels were measured in the muscular tissue of 183 fish of five commercially important species from the tropical zone of the Western Indian Ocean. All individuals were measured and sexed in order to study the impregnation of Hg with size and sex within each species. Values of Hg found in this part of the Indian Ocean were comparable to Hg in muscular tissue of the same species studied in other areas. The highest Hg levels were noted in Swordfish (Xiphias gladius) caught in waters surrounding Reunion Island (3.97+/-2.67 microg g(-1) dry weight). Following the Swordfish, in decreasing order of Hg content, were the Yellowfin Tuna (Thunnus albacares) and the Skipjack (Katsuwonus pelamis), then the Common Dolphinfish (Coryphaena hippurus) and the Wahoo (Acanthocybium solandri). In the North of the Mozambique Channel, Swordfish had higher Hg levels than Yellowfin Tunas, and Dolphinfish exhibited intermediate Hg levels. The size of a fish was a determining factor of its Hg burden, as was the species. Differences in size-normalized Hg levels were observed between the two study zones for Swordfish and Common Dolphinfish. Sex, in contrast, did not influence Hg levels suggesting that females and males have similar feeding habits. The muscular Hg levels presented here suggest that consumers of fish originating from the Western Indian Ocean should limit themselves to one Swordfish based meal per week, or one fish meal a day if they choose to eat tuna or Common Dolphinfish.
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abstract = {As top predators of pelagic food webs, large fish naturally bioaccumulate mercury (Hg). Determining Hg burdens in commercialized fish is essential considering the concern about effects of contaminants on human health and the legal thresholds that are therefore set for local consumption and/or exportation. Total Hg levels were measured in the muscular tissue of 183 fish of five commercially important species from the tropical zone of the Western Indian Ocean. All individuals were measured and sexed in order to study the impregnation of Hg with size and sex within each species. Values of Hg found in this part of the Indian Ocean were comparable to Hg in muscular tissue of the same species studied in other areas. The highest Hg levels were noted in Swordfish (Xiphias gladius) caught in waters surrounding Reunion Island (3.97+/-2.67 microg g(-1) dry weight). Following the Swordfish, in decreasing order of Hg content, were the Yellowfin Tuna (Thunnus albacares) and the Skipjack (Katsuwonus pelamis), then the Common Dolphinfish (Coryphaena hippurus) and the Wahoo (Acanthocybium solandri). In the North of the Mozambique Channel, Swordfish had higher Hg levels than Yellowfin Tunas, and Dolphinfish exhibited intermediate Hg levels. The size of a fish was a determining factor of its Hg burden, as was the species. Differences in size-normalized Hg levels were observed between the two study zones for Swordfish and Common Dolphinfish. Sex, in contrast, did not influence Hg levels suggesting that females and males have similar feeding habits. The muscular Hg levels presented here suggest that consumers of fish originating from the Western Indian Ocean should limit themselves to one Swordfish based meal per week, or one fish meal a day if they choose to eat tuna or Common Dolphinfish.},
bibtype = {article},
author = {Kojadinovic, Jessica and Potier, Michel and Le Corre, Matthieu and Cosson, Richard P and Bustamante, Paco},
journal = {The Science of the total environment},
number = {2-3}
}2005 (8)
Mercury in freshwater fish of northeast North America - a geographic perspective based on fish tissue monitoring databases. Kamman, N., Burgess, N., Driscoll, C., Simonin, H., Goodale, M., Linehan, J., Estabrook, R., Hutcheson, M., Major, A., & Scheuhammer, A., M. Ecotoxicology, 14(1):163-180, 2005.
abstract bibtex
abstract bibtex
As part of an initiative to assemble and synthesize mercury (Hg) data from environmental matrices across northeastern North America, we analyzed a large dataset comprised of 15,305 records of fish tissue Hg data from 24 studies from New York State to Newfoundland. These data were summarized to provide mean Hg concentrations for 40 fish species and associated families. Detailed analyses were carried out using data for 13 species. Hg in fishes varied by geographic area, waterbody type, and waterbody. The four species with the highest mean Hg concentrations were muskellunge (Esox masquinongy), walleye (Sander vitreus), white perch (Morone americana), and northern pike (Esox luscius). Several species displayed elevated Hg concentrations in reservoirs, relative to lakes and rivers. Normalized deviations from mean tissue levels for yellow perch (Perca flavescens) and brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) were mapped, illustrating how Hg concentrations in these species varied across northeastern North America. Certain geographic regions showed generally below or above-average Hg concentrations in fish, while significant heterogeneity was evident across the landscape. The proportion of waterbodies exhibiting exceedances of USEPA's criterion for fish methylmercury ranged from 14% for standard-length brook trout fillets to 42% for standard-length yellow perch fillets. A preliminary correlation analysis showed that fish Hg concentrations were related to waterbody acidity and watershed size.
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abstract = {As part of an initiative to assemble and synthesize mercury (Hg) data from environmental matrices across northeastern North America, we analyzed a large dataset comprised of 15,305 records of fish tissue Hg data from 24 studies from New York State to Newfoundland. These data were summarized to provide mean Hg concentrations for 40 fish species and associated families. Detailed analyses were carried out using data for 13 species. Hg in fishes varied by geographic area, waterbody type, and waterbody. The four species with the highest mean Hg concentrations were muskellunge (Esox masquinongy), walleye (Sander vitreus), white perch (Morone americana), and northern pike (Esox luscius). Several species displayed elevated Hg concentrations in reservoirs, relative to lakes and rivers. Normalized deviations from mean tissue levels for yellow perch (Perca flavescens) and brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) were mapped, illustrating how Hg concentrations in these species varied across northeastern North America. Certain geographic regions showed generally below or above-average Hg concentrations in fish, while significant heterogeneity was evident across the landscape. The proportion of waterbodies exhibiting exceedances of USEPA's criterion for fish methylmercury ranged from 14% for standard-length brook trout fillets to 42% for standard-length yellow perch fillets. A preliminary correlation analysis showed that fish Hg concentrations were related to waterbody acidity and watershed size.},
bibtype = {article},
author = {Kamman, N. and Burgess, N.M. and Driscoll, C.T. and Simonin, H.A. and Goodale, M.W. and Linehan, J. and Estabrook, R. and Hutcheson, M. and Major, A. and Scheuhammer, Anton M.},
journal = {Ecotoxicology},
number = {1}
}Heavy metal levels in fish from coastal waters of Uruguay. Viana, F., Huertas, R., & Danulat, E. Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology, 48(4):530-7, 5, 2005.
Website abstract bibtex
Website abstract bibtex Copper, mercury, and zinc levels were determined in muscle and liver (N = 163) of seven fish species caught in coastal waters off Montevideo and Piriapolis (control site): Odontesthes spp., Mugil platanus, Micropogonias furnieri, Urophycis brasiliensis, Cynoscion guatucupa, Menticirrhus americanus, and Mustelus schmitti. The local population commonly uses these species for consumption. Heavy metal concentrations determined in this study were generally below those obtained for fish caught in Argentinean and Brazilian coastal waters, with some exceptions in the case of mercury and zinc. Based on copper, mercury, and zinc levels in muscle tissue, we conclude that the fish studied here are acceptable for human consumption. Nevertheless, it is recommended not to consume the fish liver (up to 466 microg Zn g(-1) dry weight in liver) nor large specimens of the investigated species. Regional programs involving the neighboring countries should be established to assess the fisheries resources and potential risks for human health.
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abstract = {Copper, mercury, and zinc levels were determined in muscle and liver (N = 163) of seven fish species caught in coastal waters off Montevideo and Piriapolis (control site): Odontesthes spp., Mugil platanus, Micropogonias furnieri, Urophycis brasiliensis, Cynoscion guatucupa, Menticirrhus americanus, and Mustelus schmitti. The local population commonly uses these species for consumption. Heavy metal concentrations determined in this study were generally below those obtained for fish caught in Argentinean and Brazilian coastal waters, with some exceptions in the case of mercury and zinc. Based on copper, mercury, and zinc levels in muscle tissue, we conclude that the fish studied here are acceptable for human consumption. Nevertheless, it is recommended not to consume the fish liver (up to 466 microg Zn g(-1) dry weight in liver) nor large specimens of the investigated species. Regional programs involving the neighboring countries should be established to assess the fisheries resources and potential risks for human health.},
bibtype = {article},
author = {Viana, F and Huertas, R and Danulat, E},
journal = {Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology},
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}Feeding ecology of five commercial shark species of the Celtic Sea through stable isotope and trace metal analysis. Domi, N., Bouquegneau, J., M., & Das, K. Marine Environmental Research, 60(5):551-69, 12, 2005.
Website abstract bibtex
Website abstract bibtex In order to trace their feeding habits, stable carbon and nitrogen isotope ratios (delta15N and delta13C), as well as trace metal concentrations (Zn, Cd, Fe, Cu, Se and Hg) were analysed in the tissues of five commercial shark species from the Celtic Sea: the tope shark Galeorhinus galeus, the black-mouthed catshark Galeus melastomus, the starry smooth hound Mustelus asterias, the spiny dogfish Squalus acanthias and the lesser-spotted dogfish Scyliorhinus canicula. Our results were compared to previously described stomach contents and isotopic composition of potential preys. Isotopic ratio delta15N suggested that tope sharks fed at a higher trophic level (16.7 per thousand in the muscle) than the other species, reflecting its piscivorous diet. The lower values of spiny dogfish (11.6 per thousand in the muscle) might be explained, amongst other things, by either its migratory behaviour or its preference for preys from lower trophic levels. Cd and Hg were correlated with isotopic ratios delta13C and delta15N, and were shown to be diet-related whereas Zn, Fe and Cu seemed much more linked to species-specific metabolism. Although this multidisciplinary approach is revealed as a useful tool for the study of shark ecology, the lack of known trophic fractionation suggests that isotopic data be compared to traditional diet analyses.
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abstract = {In order to trace their feeding habits, stable carbon and nitrogen isotope ratios (delta15N and delta13C), as well as trace metal concentrations (Zn, Cd, Fe, Cu, Se and Hg) were analysed in the tissues of five commercial shark species from the Celtic Sea: the tope shark Galeorhinus galeus, the black-mouthed catshark Galeus melastomus, the starry smooth hound Mustelus asterias, the spiny dogfish Squalus acanthias and the lesser-spotted dogfish Scyliorhinus canicula. Our results were compared to previously described stomach contents and isotopic composition of potential preys. Isotopic ratio delta15N suggested that tope sharks fed at a higher trophic level (16.7 per thousand in the muscle) than the other species, reflecting its piscivorous diet. The lower values of spiny dogfish (11.6 per thousand in the muscle) might be explained, amongst other things, by either its migratory behaviour or its preference for preys from lower trophic levels. Cd and Hg were correlated with isotopic ratios delta13C and delta15N, and were shown to be diet-related whereas Zn, Fe and Cu seemed much more linked to species-specific metabolism. Although this multidisciplinary approach is revealed as a useful tool for the study of shark ecology, the lack of known trophic fractionation suggests that isotopic data be compared to traditional diet analyses.},
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}Concentrations of mercury in tissues of beluga whales (Delphinapterus leucas) from several communities in the Canadian Arctic from 1981 to 2002. Lockhart, W., L., Stern, G., a., Wagemann, R., Hunt, R., V., Metner, D., A., DeLaronde, J., Dunn, B., Stewart, R., E., A., Hyatt, C., K., Harwood, L., & Mount, K. The Science of the Total Environment, 351-352:391-412, 12, 2005.
Website abstract bibtex
Website abstract bibtex Beluga whales have been hunted for food by Native People in the Canadian Arctic since prehistoric time. Here we report the results of analyses of total mercury in samples of liver, kidney, muscle and muktuk from collections over the period 1981-2002. We compare these results with human consumption guidelines and examine temporal and geographic variation. Liver has been analyzed more frequently than other organs and it has been used as the indicator organ. Mercury accumulates in the liver of the whales over time so that the whale ages are usually linked statistically to their levels of mercury in liver. Virtually all the samples of 566 animals analyzed contained mercury in liver at concentrations higher than the Canadian consumption guideline of 0.5 microg g-1 (wet weight) for fish. (There is no regulatory guideline for concentrations in marine mammals in Canada.) Samples from locations in the Mackenzie Delta in the western Canadian Arctic and from Pangnirtung in the eastern Canadian Arctic were obtained more often than from other location and these offered the best chances to determine whether levels have changed over time. Statistical outlier points were removed and the regressions of (ln) mercury in liver on age were used to calculate the level of mercury in whales of age 13.1 years in order to compare age-adjusted levels at different locations. These age-adjusted levels and also the slopes of regressions suggested that levels have increased in the Mackenzie Delta over the sampling period although not in a simple linear fashion. Other locations had fewer collections, generally spread over fewer years. Some of them indicated differences between sampling times but we could not establish whether these differences were simply temporal variation or whether they were segments of a consistent trend. For example, the levels in whales from Arviat were considerably higher in 1999 than in 1984 but we have only two samples. Similarly, samples from Iqaluit in 1994 exceeded considerably those in 1993 and the interval seems too short to reflect any regional temporal trend and more likely represent an extreme case of year-to-year variation. Previous analyses of data from geographically distinct groups had suggested that whales in the western Canadian Arctic had higher levels of mercury than those from the eastern Canadian Arctic. The present analysis suggests that such regional differences have diminished and are no longer statistically significant. No site has indicated significant decreases in more recent samples. The levels of total mercury in the most analyzed organs fell in the order of liver (highest levels), kidney, muscle and muktuk (lowest level). While muktuk had the lowest level of the organs most frequently analyzed, it is the preferred food item from these whales and it still exceeded the consumption guideline in most instances.
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abstract = {Beluga whales have been hunted for food by Native People in the Canadian Arctic since prehistoric time. Here we report the results of analyses of total mercury in samples of liver, kidney, muscle and muktuk from collections over the period 1981-2002. We compare these results with human consumption guidelines and examine temporal and geographic variation. Liver has been analyzed more frequently than other organs and it has been used as the indicator organ. Mercury accumulates in the liver of the whales over time so that the whale ages are usually linked statistically to their levels of mercury in liver. Virtually all the samples of 566 animals analyzed contained mercury in liver at concentrations higher than the Canadian consumption guideline of 0.5 microg g-1 (wet weight) for fish. (There is no regulatory guideline for concentrations in marine mammals in Canada.) Samples from locations in the Mackenzie Delta in the western Canadian Arctic and from Pangnirtung in the eastern Canadian Arctic were obtained more often than from other location and these offered the best chances to determine whether levels have changed over time. Statistical outlier points were removed and the regressions of (ln) mercury in liver on age were used to calculate the level of mercury in whales of age 13.1 years in order to compare age-adjusted levels at different locations. These age-adjusted levels and also the slopes of regressions suggested that levels have increased in the Mackenzie Delta over the sampling period although not in a simple linear fashion. Other locations had fewer collections, generally spread over fewer years. Some of them indicated differences between sampling times but we could not establish whether these differences were simply temporal variation or whether they were segments of a consistent trend. For example, the levels in whales from Arviat were considerably higher in 1999 than in 1984 but we have only two samples. Similarly, samples from Iqaluit in 1994 exceeded considerably those in 1993 and the interval seems too short to reflect any regional temporal trend and more likely represent an extreme case of year-to-year variation. Previous analyses of data from geographically distinct groups had suggested that whales in the western Canadian Arctic had higher levels of mercury than those from the eastern Canadian Arctic. The present analysis suggests that such regional differences have diminished and are no longer statistically significant. No site has indicated significant decreases in more recent samples. The levels of total mercury in the most analyzed organs fell in the order of liver (highest levels), kidney, muscle and muktuk (lowest level). While muktuk had the lowest level of the organs most frequently analyzed, it is the preferred food item from these whales and it still exceeded the consumption guideline in most instances.},
bibtype = {article},
author = {Lockhart, W L and Stern, G a and Wagemann, R and Hunt, R V and Metner, D A and DeLaronde, J and Dunn, B and Stewart, R E A and Hyatt, C K and Harwood, L and Mount, K},
journal = {The Science of the Total Environment}
}The influence of weight and length on the mercury content in the muscle tissue of fish from four lakes in the Olsztyn Lake District (Poland). Luczynska, J. Archive of Polish Fisheries, 13:51-61, 2005.
bibtex
bibtex
@article{
title = {The influence of weight and length on the mercury content in the muscle tissue of fish from four lakes in the Olsztyn Lake District (Poland)},
type = {article},
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author = {Luczynska, Joanna},
journal = {Archive of Polish Fisheries}
}Mercury distribution in the skin of beluga (Delphinapterus leucas) and narwhal (Monodon monoceros) from the Canadian Arctic and mercury burdens and excretion by moulting. Wagemann, R. & Kozlowska, H. The Science of the total environment, 351-352:333-43, 12, 2005.
Website abstract bibtex
Website abstract bibtex Beluga and narwhal skin as a whole (in Inuktitut known as "muktuk") is considered to be a delicacy by native Canadian and Greenland people. Individual strata of the skin, and muscle from 27 beluga from the western, and 20 narwhal from the eastern Canadian Arctic, were analyzed for mercury and the thickness and density of each skin layer was measured. Mercury was not uniformly distributed in the skin, but increased outwardly with each layer. The concentration was only 0.29 and 0.16 microg/g (wet wt) in the innermost layer (dermis) of belugas and narwhal respectively, and 1.5 and 1.4 microg/g (wet wt) in the outermost layer (degenerative epidermis) of beluga and narwhal, respectively. There was a significant (alpha=0.05) association between age and mercury concentration in each skin layer, the regression coefficients progressively increasing from the inner layer (dermis) to the outer layer: 0.011-0.063 microg/g year-1; 0.034 microg/g year-1 for skin as a whole; 0.054 microg/g year-1 for muscle. The concentration of total mercury was 0.84 and 0.59 microg/g (wet wt) in skin as a whole (muktuk) of beluga and narwhal respectively, and 0.12 and 0.03 microg/g in blubber, respectively. The average, total mercury concentration in muscle tissue was 1.4 and 0.81 microg/g wet wt, in beluga and narwhal respectively, exceeding (except for blubber) the Canadian Government's Guideline (0.5 microg/g wet wt) for fish export and consumption. The skin surface area of an average-size beluga and narwhal was estimated (6.10 and 6.50 m2, respectively), as were excretions of mercury through moulting (13,861 and 6721 microg year-1; 14 and 7 mg year-1) for belugas and narwhal, respectively. The whole-body mercury burden (699,300 microg; 700 mg) for a 1000 kg beluga and its various tissues were estimated, as was the fraction of mercury excreted by moulting (2-0.42% of the whole-body burden). Annual mercury burden increments in beluga skin, muscle and the whole body were estimated (2750; 17,280; 40,00 microg year-1, respectively), using regression coefficients of age on mercury concentration. The annual gross mercury intake via food was estimated (131,400 microg), of which 70% was excreted.
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abstract = {Beluga and narwhal skin as a whole (in Inuktitut known as "muktuk") is considered to be a delicacy by native Canadian and Greenland people. Individual strata of the skin, and muscle from 27 beluga from the western, and 20 narwhal from the eastern Canadian Arctic, were analyzed for mercury and the thickness and density of each skin layer was measured. Mercury was not uniformly distributed in the skin, but increased outwardly with each layer. The concentration was only 0.29 and 0.16 microg/g (wet wt) in the innermost layer (dermis) of belugas and narwhal respectively, and 1.5 and 1.4 microg/g (wet wt) in the outermost layer (degenerative epidermis) of beluga and narwhal, respectively. There was a significant (alpha=0.05) association between age and mercury concentration in each skin layer, the regression coefficients progressively increasing from the inner layer (dermis) to the outer layer: 0.011-0.063 microg/g year-1; 0.034 microg/g year-1 for skin as a whole; 0.054 microg/g year-1 for muscle. The concentration of total mercury was 0.84 and 0.59 microg/g (wet wt) in skin as a whole (muktuk) of beluga and narwhal respectively, and 0.12 and 0.03 microg/g in blubber, respectively. The average, total mercury concentration in muscle tissue was 1.4 and 0.81 microg/g wet wt, in beluga and narwhal respectively, exceeding (except for blubber) the Canadian Government's Guideline (0.5 microg/g wet wt) for fish export and consumption. The skin surface area of an average-size beluga and narwhal was estimated (6.10 and 6.50 m2, respectively), as were excretions of mercury through moulting (13,861 and 6721 microg year-1; 14 and 7 mg year-1) for belugas and narwhal, respectively. The whole-body mercury burden (699,300 microg; 700 mg) for a 1000 kg beluga and its various tissues were estimated, as was the fraction of mercury excreted by moulting (2-0.42% of the whole-body burden). Annual mercury burden increments in beluga skin, muscle and the whole body were estimated (2750; 17,280; 40,00 microg year-1, respectively), using regression coefficients of age on mercury concentration. The annual gross mercury intake via food was estimated (131,400 microg), of which 70% was excreted.},
bibtype = {article},
author = {Wagemann, R and Kozlowska, H},
journal = {The Science of the total environment}
}Mercury in fish and shark tissues from two coastal lagoons in the Gulf of California, Mexico. Ruelas-Inzunza, J. & Páez-Osuna, F. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 74(2):294-300, 2, 2005.
Website bibtex
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number = {2},
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}Mercury contamination in human hair and fish from Cambodia: levels, specific accumulation and risk assessment. Agusa, T., Kunito, T., Iwata, H., Monirith, I., Tana, T., S., Subramanian, A., & Tanabe, S. Environmental pollution, 134(1):79-86, 3, 2005.
Website abstract bibtex
Website abstract bibtex Mercury (Hg) concentrations in human hair and fish samples from Phnom Penh, Kien Svay, Tomnup Rolork and Batrong, Cambodia, collected in November 1999 and December 2000 were determined to understand the status of contamination, and age- and sex-dependent accumulation in humans and to assess the intake of mercury via fish consumption. Mercury concentrations in human hair ranged from 0.54 to 190mug/g dry wt. About 3% of the samples contained Hg levels exceeding the no observed adverse effects level (NOAEL) of WHO (50mug/g) and the levels in some hair samples of women also exceeded the NOAEL (10mug/g) associated with fetus neurotoxicity. A weak but significant positive correlation was observed between age and Hg levels in hair of residents. Mercury concentrations in muscle of marine and freshwater fish from Cambodia ranged from <0.01 to 0.96mug/g wet wt. Mercury intake rates were estimated on the basis of the Hg content in fish and daily fish consumption. Three samples of marine fish including sharp-tooth snapper and obtuse barracuda, and one sample of sharp-tooth snapper exceeded the guidelines by US EPA and by Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA), respectively, which indicates that some fish specimens examined (9% and 3% for US EPA and JECFA guidelines, respectively) were hazardous for consumption at the ingestion rate of Cambodian people (32.6g/day). It is suggested that fish is probably the main source of Hg for Cambodian people. However, extremely high Hg concentrations were observed in some individuals and could not be explained by Hg intake from fish consumption, indicating some other contamination sources of Hg in Cambodia.
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abstract = {Mercury (Hg) concentrations in human hair and fish samples from Phnom Penh, Kien Svay, Tomnup Rolork and Batrong, Cambodia, collected in November 1999 and December 2000 were determined to understand the status of contamination, and age- and sex-dependent accumulation in humans and to assess the intake of mercury via fish consumption. Mercury concentrations in human hair ranged from 0.54 to 190mug/g dry wt. About 3% of the samples contained Hg levels exceeding the no observed adverse effects level (NOAEL) of WHO (50mug/g) and the levels in some hair samples of women also exceeded the NOAEL (10mug/g) associated with fetus neurotoxicity. A weak but significant positive correlation was observed between age and Hg levels in hair of residents. Mercury concentrations in muscle of marine and freshwater fish from Cambodia ranged from <0.01 to 0.96mug/g wet wt. Mercury intake rates were estimated on the basis of the Hg content in fish and daily fish consumption. Three samples of marine fish including sharp-tooth snapper and obtuse barracuda, and one sample of sharp-tooth snapper exceeded the guidelines by US EPA and by Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA), respectively, which indicates that some fish specimens examined (9% and 3% for US EPA and JECFA guidelines, respectively) were hazardous for consumption at the ingestion rate of Cambodian people (32.6g/day). It is suggested that fish is probably the main source of Hg for Cambodian people. However, extremely high Hg concentrations were observed in some individuals and could not be explained by Hg intake from fish consumption, indicating some other contamination sources of Hg in Cambodia.},
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author = {Agusa, Tetsuro and Kunito, Takashi and Iwata, Hisato and Monirith, In and Tana, Touch Seang and Subramanian, Annamalai and Tanabe, Shinsuke},
journal = {Environmental pollution},
number = {1}
}2004 (5)
Total mercury in the Night Shark , Carcharhinus signatus in the Western Equatorial Atlantic Ocean. Ferreira, A., G., Faria, V., V., Carvalho, C., E., V., d., Lessa, R., P., T., & Silva, F., M., S., d. Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology, 47(4):629-634, 2004.
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title = {Total mercury in the Night Shark , Carcharhinus signatus in the Western Equatorial Atlantic Ocean},
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author = {Ferreira, Alexandre Gomes and Faria, Vicente Vieira and Carvalho, Carlos Eduardo Veiga de and Lessa, Rosangela Paula Teixeira and Silva, Francisco Marcante Santana da},
journal = {Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology},
number = {4}
}Chemical forms of mercury and cadmium accumulated in marine mammals and seabirds as determined by XAFS analysis. Arai, T., Ikemoto, T., Hokura, A., Terada, Y., Kunito, T., Tanabe, S., & Nakai, I. Environmental Science & Technology, 38(24):6468-6474, 2004.
bibtex
bibtex
@article{
title = {Chemical forms of mercury and cadmium accumulated in marine mammals and seabirds as determined by XAFS analysis},
type = {article},
year = {2004},
pages = {6468-6474},
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author = {Arai, Teruko and Ikemoto, Tokutaka and Hokura, Akiko and Terada, Yasuko and Kunito, Takashi and Tanabe, Shinsuke and Nakai, Izumi},
journal = {Environmental Science & Technology},
number = {24},
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}Total and organic mercury concentrations in muscle tissue of the blue shark (Prionace glauca L.1758) from the Northeast Atlantic. Branco, V., Canário, J., Vale, C., Raimundo, J., & Reis, C. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 49(9-10):871-4, 11, 2004.
Website bibtex
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title = {Total and organic mercury concentrations in muscle tissue of the blue shark (Prionace glauca L.1758) from the Northeast Atlantic.},
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}Concentration and subcellular distribution of trace elements in liver of small cetaceans incidentally caugh along the Brazilian coast. Kunito, T., Nakamura, S., Ikemoto, T., Anan, Y., Kubota, R., Tanabe, S., Rosas, F., C., W., Fillmann, G., & Readman, J., W. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 49:574-587, 2004.
abstract bibtex
abstract bibtex
Concentrations of trace elements (V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Cu, Zn, Ga, As, Se, Rb, Sr, Mo, Ag, Cd, Sb, Cs, Ba, T-Hg, Org-Hg, Tl and Pb) were determined in liver samples of estuarine dolphin (Sotalia guianensis; n = 20), Franciscana dolphin (Pontoporia blainvillei; n = 23), Atlantic spotted dolphin (Stenella frontalis; n = 2), common dolphin (Delphinus capensis; n = 1) and striped dolphin (Stenella coeruleoalba; n = 1) incidentally caught along the coast of Sao Paulo State and Parana State, Brazil, from 1997 to 1999. The hepatic concentrations of trace elements in the Brazilian cetaceans were comparable to the data available in literature on marine mammals from Northern Hemisphere. Concentrations of V, Se, Mo, Cd, T-Hg and Org-Hg increased with increasing age in liver of both estuarine and Franciscana dolphins. Very high concentrations of Cu (range, 262-1970 microg/g dry wt.) and Zn (range, 242-369 microg/g dry wt.) were observed in liver of sucklings of estuarine dolphin. Hepatic concentrations of V, Se, T-Hg, Org-Hg and Pb were significantly higher in estuarine dolphin, whereas Franciscana dolphin showed higher concentrations of Mn, Co, As and Rb. Ratio of Org-Hg to T-Hg in liver was significantly higher in Franciscana dolphin than estuarine dolphin, suggesting that demethylation ability of methyl Hg might be lower in liver of Franciscana than estuarine dolphins. High hepatic concentrations of Ag were found in some specimens of Franciscana dolphin (maximum, 20 microg/g dry wt.), and 17% of Franciscana showed higher concentrations of Ag than Hg. These samples with high Ag concentration also exhibited elevated hepatic Se concentration, implying that Ag might be detoxified by Se in the liver. Higher correlation coefficient between (Hg+0.5 Ag) and Se than between Hg and Se and the large distribution of Ag in non-soluble fraction in nuclear and mitochondrial fraction of the liver also suggests that Ag might be detoxified by Se via formation of Ag2Se in the liver of Franciscana dolphin.
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abstract = {Concentrations of trace elements (V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Cu, Zn, Ga, As, Se, Rb, Sr, Mo, Ag, Cd, Sb, Cs, Ba, T-Hg, Org-Hg, Tl and Pb) were determined in liver samples of estuarine dolphin (Sotalia guianensis; n = 20), Franciscana dolphin (Pontoporia blainvillei; n = 23), Atlantic spotted dolphin (Stenella frontalis; n = 2), common dolphin (Delphinus capensis; n = 1) and striped dolphin (Stenella coeruleoalba; n = 1) incidentally caught along the coast of Sao Paulo State and Parana State, Brazil, from 1997 to 1999. The hepatic concentrations of trace elements in the Brazilian cetaceans were comparable to the data available in literature on marine mammals from Northern Hemisphere. Concentrations of V, Se, Mo, Cd, T-Hg and Org-Hg increased with increasing age in liver of both estuarine and Franciscana dolphins. Very high concentrations of Cu (range, 262-1970 microg/g dry wt.) and Zn (range, 242-369 microg/g dry wt.) were observed in liver of sucklings of estuarine dolphin. Hepatic concentrations of V, Se, T-Hg, Org-Hg and Pb were significantly higher in estuarine dolphin, whereas Franciscana dolphin showed higher concentrations of Mn, Co, As and Rb. Ratio of Org-Hg to T-Hg in liver was significantly higher in Franciscana dolphin than estuarine dolphin, suggesting that demethylation ability of methyl Hg might be lower in liver of Franciscana than estuarine dolphins. High hepatic concentrations of Ag were found in some specimens of Franciscana dolphin (maximum, 20 microg/g dry wt.), and 17% of Franciscana showed higher concentrations of Ag than Hg. These samples with high Ag concentration also exhibited elevated hepatic Se concentration, implying that Ag might be detoxified by Se in the liver. Higher correlation coefficient between (Hg+0.5 Ag) and Se than between Hg and Se and the large distribution of Ag in non-soluble fraction in nuclear and mitochondrial fraction of the liver also suggests that Ag might be detoxified by Se via formation of Ag2Se in the liver of Franciscana dolphin.},
bibtype = {article},
author = {Kunito, Takashi and Nakamura, Shinji and Ikemoto, Tokutaka and Anan, Yasumi and Kubota, Reiji and Tanabe, Shinsuke and Rosas, Fernando C W and Fillmann, Gilberto and Readman, James W},
journal = {Marine Pollution Bulletin}
}Regional and inter annual patterns of heavy metals, organochlorines and stable isotopes in narwhals (Monodon monoceros) from West Greenland. Dietz, R., Riget, F., Hobson, K., a., Heide-Jørgensen, M., P., Møller, P., Cleemann, M., Boer, J., d., & Glasius, M. The Science of the total environment, 331(1-3):83-105, 9, 2004.
Website abstract bibtex
Website abstract bibtex Samples of 150 narwhals obtained in different years from two West Greenland areas, Avanersuaq and Uummannaq, were compared for concentrations of and regional differences in heavy metals and organochlorines and stable-carbon and nitrogen isotopes. Cadmium, Hg, and Se concentrations increased in the first 3-4 years of the animal's life, after which no dependence on age was observed. Females had significantly higher concentrations of Cd in all tissues and of Hg and Se in liver than males. No consistent difference in metal levels between narwhals from Avanersuaq and Uummannaq was found. Year-to-year variation in metal levels at one location was larger than the geographical variation. Metal levels were within the range of previous published results for narwhals from Arctic Canada. Organochlorine (OC) concentrations in blubber of narwhals were dependent on age and sex. Females showed decreasing OC concentration in the first 8-10 years, while for males increases were detected in the first few years of life, after which the concentrations became stable. Few statistical differences in mean OC concentrations among individuals were observed. However, narwhals from Avanersuaq in 1993 had the lowest levels, indicating a temporal decrease of SigmaPCBs. SigmaPCBs, DDTs, HCHs and toxaphenes seem to be at similar levels in West Greenland and Arctic Canada, which can be explained by the close winter distributions of populations as well as large ranges in concentrations, time span, number of analyses and the size/age composition of the data. PCB and DDT concentrations in West Greenland narwhals were half those found in East Greenland and Svalbard. Stable-carbon isotope ratios in muscle of 150 narwhals showed a decreasing trend in the first year when they gradually reduced their dependency on mother's milk, after which they became relatively stable. delta15 N values were significantly higher in samples from Uummannaq in 1993 compared to samples from Avanersuaq in 1984 and 1985 indicating that the diet of the narwhals in Uummannaq was at a higher trophic level. However, only a few significant correlations were found between stable isotope ratios and metal and OC concentrations.
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abstract = {Samples of 150 narwhals obtained in different years from two West Greenland areas, Avanersuaq and Uummannaq, were compared for concentrations of and regional differences in heavy metals and organochlorines and stable-carbon and nitrogen isotopes. Cadmium, Hg, and Se concentrations increased in the first 3-4 years of the animal's life, after which no dependence on age was observed. Females had significantly higher concentrations of Cd in all tissues and of Hg and Se in liver than males. No consistent difference in metal levels between narwhals from Avanersuaq and Uummannaq was found. Year-to-year variation in metal levels at one location was larger than the geographical variation. Metal levels were within the range of previous published results for narwhals from Arctic Canada. Organochlorine (OC) concentrations in blubber of narwhals were dependent on age and sex. Females showed decreasing OC concentration in the first 8-10 years, while for males increases were detected in the first few years of life, after which the concentrations became stable. Few statistical differences in mean OC concentrations among individuals were observed. However, narwhals from Avanersuaq in 1993 had the lowest levels, indicating a temporal decrease of SigmaPCBs. SigmaPCBs, DDTs, HCHs and toxaphenes seem to be at similar levels in West Greenland and Arctic Canada, which can be explained by the close winter distributions of populations as well as large ranges in concentrations, time span, number of analyses and the size/age composition of the data. PCB and DDT concentrations in West Greenland narwhals were half those found in East Greenland and Svalbard. Stable-carbon isotope ratios in muscle of 150 narwhals showed a decreasing trend in the first year when they gradually reduced their dependency on mother's milk, after which they became relatively stable. delta15 N values were significantly higher in samples from Uummannaq in 1993 compared to samples from Avanersuaq in 1984 and 1985 indicating that the diet of the narwhals in Uummannaq was at a higher trophic level. However, only a few significant correlations were found between stable isotope ratios and metal and OC concentrations.},
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author = {Dietz, R and Riget, F and Hobson, K a and Heide-Jørgensen, M P and Møller, P and Cleemann, M and Boer, J de and Glasius, M},
journal = {The Science of the total environment},
number = {1-3}
}2003 (5)
Polychlorinated biphenyl, heavy metal and methylmercury residues in hammerhead sharks: contaminant status and assessment. Storelli, M., M., Ceci, E., Storelli, A., & Marcotrigiano, G., O. Marine pollution bulletin, 46(8):1035-9, 8, 2003.
Website bibtex
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}Trace elements in two odontocete species (Kogia breviceps and Globicephala macrorhynchus) stranded in New Caledonia (South Pacific). Bustamante, P., Garrigue, C., Breau, L., Caurant, F., Dabin, W., Greaves, J., & Dodemont, R. Environmental Pollution, 124:263-271, 2003.
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}Distribution and Food-web Transfer of Mercury in Napoleon and Winam Gulfs, Lake Victoria, East Africa. Campbell, L., M., Hecky, R., E., Nyaundi, J., Muggide, R., & George Dixon, D. Journal of Great Lakes Research, 29(Supplement 2):267-282, 2003.
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}Metals and organochlorines in small cetaceans stranded on the east coast of Australia. Law, R., J., Morris, R., J., Allchin, C., R., Jones, B., R., & Nicholson, M., D. Marine pollution bulletin, 46(9):1206-11, 9, 2003.
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}Heavy metal levels in the bottlenose and striped dolphins off the Mediterranean coast of Israel. Roditi-Elasar, M., Kerem, D., Hornung, H., Kress, N., Shoham-Frider, E., Goffman, O., & Spanier, E. Marine pollution bulletin, 46(4):491-521, 4, 2003.
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}2002 (6)
Mercury content in shrimp and fish species from the Gulf. Al-Saleh, I. & Al-Doush, I. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 68:576 -583, 2002.
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}Total Mercury in Muscle Tissue of Five Shark Species from Brazilian Offshore Waters: Effects of Feeding Habit, Sex, and Length. de Pinho, A., Guimaraes, J., Martins, A., Costa, P., Olavo, G., & Valentin, J. Environmental Research, 89(3):250-258, 7, 2002.
Website bibtex
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}Mercury speciation and relationship between mercury and selenium in liver of Galeus melastomus from the Mediterranean sea. Storelli, M., M. & Marcotrigiano, G., O. Bulletin of environmental contamination and toxicology, 69(4):516-22, 10, 2002.
Website bibtex
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}Total and methylmercury residues in cartilaginous fish from Mediterranean Sea. Storelli, M., M., Giacominelli-Stuffler, R., & Marcotrigiano, G., O. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 44(12):1354-1358, 2002.
Website abstract bibtex
Website abstract bibtex Concentrations of mercury and methylmercury residues were determined in the muscle tissue of three cartilaginous fishes Chimaera monstrosa (ghostshark), Torpedo nobiliana (electric ray) and Myliobatis aquila (eagle ray) from the Mediterranean Sea. The highest mean levels of total mercury were detected in ghostshark (3.14 mg/kg wet weight), followed by electric ray (2.42 mg/kg wet weight), and eagle ray (0.83 mg/kg wet weight). Such a variability is influenced by quite a number of factors, among which size, fish ecology and feeding habits. The percentages of the methylated form to total mercury ranged from a minimum of 72% in eagle ray to a maximum of 83% in ghostshark. Relationship between specimen size and mercury and methylmercury concentrations were found in ghostshark species.
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}Mercury accumulation and speciation in muscle tissue of different species of sharks from Mediterranean Sea, Italy. Storelli, M., M., Giacominelli-Stuffler, R., & Marcotrigiano, G. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 68:201-210, 2, 2002.
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}Mercury in human blood, urine, hair, nail, and fish from the Ankobra and Tano River Basins in Southwestern Ghana. Adimado, A., A. & Baah, D., A. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 68(3):339-346, 3, 2002.
Website bibtex
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}2001 (4)
Total mercury and methylmercury in tuna fish and sharks from the south Adriatic Sea. Storelli, M., M., Stuffler, R., G., & Marcotrigiano, G., O. Italian Journal of Food and Science, 13(1):101-106, 2001.
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}Metals and organochlorines in pelagic cetacenas stranded on the coasts of England and Wales. Law, R., J., Bennett, M., E., Blake, S., J., Allchin, C., R., Jones, B., R., & Spurrier, C., J., H. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 42(6):522-526, 2001.
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}Exposure to heavy metals and infectious disease mortality in harbour porpoises from England and Wales. Bennett, P., M., Jepson, P., D., Law, R., J., Jones, B., R., Kuiken, T., Baker, J., R., Rogan, E., & Kirkwood, J., K. Environmental Pollution, 112(1):33-40, 1, 2001.
Website abstract bibtex
Website abstract bibtex We investigate whether long-term exposure to heavy metals, including immunosuppressive metals like mercury (Hg), is associated with infectious disease in a wild cetacean. Post-mortem investigations on 86 harbour porpoises, Phocoena phocoena, found dead along the coasts of England and Wales revealed that 49 of the porpoises were healthy when they died as a consequence of physical trauma (most frequently entrapment in fishing gear). In contrast, 37 porpoises died of infectious diseases caused by parasitic, bacterial, fungal and viral pathogens (most frequently pneumonia caused by lungworm and bacterial infections). We found that mean liver concentrations of Hg, selenium (Se), the Hg:Se molar ratio, and zinc (Zn) were significantly higher in the propoises that died of infectious disease compared to healthy porpoises that died from physical trauma. Liver concentrations of lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu) and chromium (Cr) did not differ between the two groups. Hg, Se, and the Hg:Se molar ratio were also positively correlated with age. The association between Zn concentration and disease status may result from Zn redistribution in response to infection. Further work is required to evaluate whether chronic exposure to Hg may have presented a toxic challenge to the porpoises that succumbed to infectious disease.
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}Concentrations and interactions of selected essential and non-essential elements in bowhead and beluga whales of arctic Alaska. Woshner, V., M., O'Hara, T., M., Bratton, G., R., Suydam, R., S., & Beasley, V., R. Journal of wildlife diseases, 37(4):693-710, 10, 2001.
Website abstract bibtex
Website abstract bibtex In this study, we evaluated concentrations of twelve essential and non-essential elements (As, Cd, Co, Cu, Pb, Mg, Mn, Hg, Mo, Se, Ag, and Zn) in tissues of bowhead (Balaena mysticetus) and beluga (Delphinapterus leucas) whales from arctic Alaska (USA) and northwestern Canada. Tissue samples were collected between 1983 and 1997, mostly in 1995-97. The essential elements are reported to develop reference ranges for health status determination, and to help assess known or suspected interactions affecting toxicoses of cadmium (Cd) and mercury (Hg). In some tissues, Cd, Hg, and selenium (Se) were present at concentrations that have been associated with toxicoses in some domestic animals. Nevertheless, tissue levels of all elements were within ranges that have been reported previously in marine mammals. While mean Ag concentrations in beluga whale liver were relatively high (15.91 micrograms/g ww), Ag was not associated with hepatic Se levels or age, contrary to previous findings. Significant associations included: Cd with age, Zn, or Cu; Cu with age, Zn or Ag; and Hg with age, Se, Zn, or Cu. This study found hepatic Hg:Se molar ratios to be consistently lower than unity and different between species. Possible explanations for observed elemental correlations (i.e., interactions) and ancillary mechanisms of Cd and Hg detoxification are discussed.
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}2000 (1)
Mercury content in shark species from the south-eastern Brazilian coast. Lacerda, L., Paraquetti, H., Marins, R., Rezende, C., Zalmon, I., Gomes, M., & Farias, V. Revista Brasileira de Biologia, 60(4):571-576, 2000.
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}1999 (6)
Mercury levels in four species of sharks from the Atlantic coast of Florida. Adams, D., H. & McMichael, R., H., J. Fishery Bulletin, 97:372-379, 1999.
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}A note on concentrations of metals in cetaceans from southern Africa. Henry, J. Journal of Cetacean Research and Management, Special Is:177-194, 1999.
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}Heavy metals, organochlorines and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in sperm whales stranded in the Southern North Sea during 1994/1995 winter. Holsbeek, L., Joiris, C., R., Debacker, V., Ali, I., B., Roose, P., Nellissen, J., Gobert, S., Bouquegneau, J., & Bossicart, M. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 38(4):304-313, 1999.
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}Elements in liver tissues of bowhead whales (Balaena mysticetus). Krone, C., A., Robisch, P., A., Tilbury, K., L., Stein, J., E., Makcey, E., A., Becker, P., R., O'Hara, T., M., & Philo, L., M. Marine Mammal Science, 15(1):123-142, 1999.
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}Heavy metals and methylmercury in tissues of Risso's dolphin (Grampus griseus) and Cuvier's beaked whale (Ziphius cavirostris) straned in Itlaly (South Adriatic Sea). Storelli, M., M., Zizzo, N., & Marcotrigiano, G., O. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 63:703-710, 1999.
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}Investigation of unusual mortalities of bottlenose dolphins along the mid-Texas coastal bay ecosystem during 1992 (NOAA Techincal Report NMFS 147). Colbert, A., A., Scott, G., I., Fulton, M., H., Wirth, E., F., Daugomah, J., W., Key, P., B., Strozier, E., D., & Galloway, S., B. Technical Report U.S. Department of Commerce, 1999.
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Geographic trend in mercury measured in Common Loon feathers and blood. Evers, D., C., Kaplan, J., D., Meyer, M., W., Reaman, P., S., Braselton, W., E., Major, A., Burgess, N., & Scheuhammer, A., M. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 17(2):173-183, 1998.
![Geographic trend in mercury measured in Common Loon feathers and blood [pdf]](https://bibbase.org/img/filetypes/pdf.svg "pdf")
Paper Website abstract bibtex
Paper Website abstract bibtex The common loon (Gavia immer) is a high-trophic-level, long-lived, obligate piscivore at risk from elevated levels of Hg through biomagnification and bioaccumulation. From 1991 to 1996 feather (n = 455) and blood (n = 381) samples from adult loons were collected between June and September in five regions of North America: Alaska, northwestern United States, Upper Great Lakes, New England, and the Canadian Maritimes. Concentrations of Hg in adults ranged from 2.8 to 36.7 µg/g (fresh weight) in feathers and from 0.12 to 7.80 µg/g (wet weight) in whole blood. Blood Hg concentrations in 3 to 6-week-old juveniles ranged from 0.03 to 0.78 µg/g (wet weight) (n = 183). To better interpret exposure data, relationships between blood and feather Hg concentrations were examined among age and sex classes. Blood and feather Hg concentrations from the same individuals were significantly correlated and varied geographically (r2 ranged from 0.03 to 0.48). Blood and feather Hg correlated strongest in areas with the highest blood Hg levels, indicating a possible carryover of breeding season Hg that is depurated during winter remigial molt. Mean blood and feather Hg concentrations in males were significantly higher than concentrations in females for each region. The mean blood Hg concentration in adults was 10 times higher than that in juveniles, and feather Hg concentrations significantly increased over 1 to 4-year periods in recaptured individuals. Geographic stratification indicates a significant increasing regional trend in adult and juvenile blood Hg concentrations from west to east. This gradient resembles U.S. Environmental Protection Agency-modeled predictions of total anthropogenic Hg deposition across the United States. This gradient is clearest across regions. Within-region blood Hg concentrations in adults and juveniles across nine sites of one region, the Upper Great Lakes, were less influenced by variations in geographic Hg deposition than by hydrology and lake chemistry. Loons breeding on low-pH lakes in the Upper Great Lakes and in all lake types of northeastern North America are most at risk from Hg.
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}Comparative study of heavy metal residue in some tissues of the fish Galeus melastomus caught along the Italian and Albanian coasts. Storelli, M., M., Ceci, E., & Marcotrigiano, G., O. Rapport Commission International pour l'exploration scientifique de la Mer Mediterranee, 35:288-289, 1998.
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Heavy metals in Antarctic organisms. Moreno, J., d., Gerpe, M., Moreno, V., & Vodopivez, C. Polar Biology, 1997.
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}A survey of total mercury and methylmercury in edible fish and invertebrates from Azorean waters. Andersen, J. & Depledge, M. Marine Environmental Research, 44(3):331-350, 10, 1997.
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}Metals and organochlorines in tissues of a Blainville's beaked whale (mesoplodon densirostris) and a killer whale (Orcinus orca) stranded in the United Kingdom. Law, R., J., Allchin, C., R., Jones, B., R., Jepson, P., D., Baker, J., R., & Spurrier, C., J., H. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 34(3):208-212, 1997.
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}Heavy metals in livers of bottlenose dolphins stranded along the South Carolina Coast. Beck, K., M., Fair, P., Mcfee, W., & Wolf, D. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 34(9):734-739, 1997.
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}1996 (3)
Lead, cadmium, mercury and selenium in Greenland marine animals. Dietz, R., Riget, F., & Johansen, P. Science of the Total Environment, 186:67-93, 7, 1996.
Website abstract bibtex
Website abstract bibtex Baseline concentrations of lead, cadmium, mercury and selenium are reported from different tissues in marine organisms from Greenland. Overall, lead levels in marine organisms from Greenland are low, whereas cadmium, mercury and selenium levels are high. Tissue differences are not very distinct for lead, whereas the opposite is the case for cadmium and mercury. Selenium shows an intermediate behaviour in this respect. In general, lead concentrations do not correlate with the age/size of animals, whereas cadmium, mercury and selenium increase with age/size of most species and tissues analysed. No clear conclusions can be drawn in relation to geographical differences in lead, mercury and selenium concentration in Greenland. In general, cadmium levels are higher in Northwest Greenland compared to southern areas. Local differences with increasing cadmium levels from inner fjords to the open sea in stationary species may be of the same order of magnitude as those observed over long distances in Greenland. There is no indication that lead and selenium levels increase in higher trophic levels, although this is clearly the case for cadmium and mercury. In almost all cases lead levels in marine organisms from Greenland are well below the Danish food standard limits, however, a substantial proportion of marine mammals and seabirds in Greenland have cadmium and mercury levels exceeding the Danish standard limits. No food standard limits are given for selenium in food, but in some cases human intake of selenium is estimated to be high.
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abstract = {Baseline concentrations of lead, cadmium, mercury and selenium are reported from different tissues in marine organisms from Greenland. Overall, lead levels in marine organisms from Greenland are low, whereas cadmium, mercury and selenium levels are high. Tissue differences are not very distinct for lead, whereas the opposite is the case for cadmium and mercury. Selenium shows an intermediate behaviour in this respect. In general, lead concentrations do not correlate with the age/size of animals, whereas cadmium, mercury and selenium increase with age/size of most species and tissues analysed. No clear conclusions can be drawn in relation to geographical differences in lead, mercury and selenium concentration in Greenland. In general, cadmium levels are higher in Northwest Greenland compared to southern areas. Local differences with increasing cadmium levels from inner fjords to the open sea in stationary species may be of the same order of magnitude as those observed over long distances in Greenland. There is no indication that lead and selenium levels increase in higher trophic levels, although this is clearly the case for cadmium and mercury. In almost all cases lead levels in marine organisms from Greenland are well below the Danish food standard limits, however, a substantial proportion of marine mammals and seabirds in Greenland have cadmium and mercury levels exceeding the Danish standard limits. No food standard limits are given for selenium in food, but in some cases human intake of selenium is estimated to be high.},
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}Monitoring of fish and human exposure to mercury due to gold mining in the Lake Victoria goldfields, Tanzania. Ikingura, J R & Akagi, H. Science of the total environment, 191(1-2):59-68, 1996.
abstract bibtex
abstract bibtex
Monitoring of environmental and human exposure to mercury in the Nungwe Bay area of the Lake Victoria goldfields. Tanzania, has revealed low mercury concentrations in fish (range: 1.8–16.9 ppb, mean: 7.0 ppb) and human hair (range: 156–5433 ppb, mean: 947 ppb) that represent background levels. Gold mining has not produced a significant increase in environmental methylmercury that is available for bioaccummulation in aquatic food chains. Urinary mercury levels in gold mine workers frequently exposed to Hg vapour in amalgamation and burning of amalgam were significantly higher (mean: 241 ng/ml) than those in the general mine population not occupational exposed to Hg (mean: 2.6 ng/ml). Rotation of mine duties reduced Hg exposure levels and hence the risk of intoxication in the gold mine workers. The lowest urinary and hair mercury levels were found in the Nungwe Bay fishing village population. This was consistent with the low mercury content of fish consumed by the inhabitants of the Nungwe Bay.
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}Mercury in pilot whales: possible limits to the detoxification process. Caurant, F., Navarro, M., & Amiard, J. The Science of the Total Environment, 186:95-104, 1996.
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}1995 (4)
Research into the mercury levels in blue sharks and deepwater dogfish around Tasmania has shown not all sharks have an acceptable mercry level under the proposed Australian Food Standards Code. Davenport, S. Australian Fisheries, 1995.
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title = {Research into the mercury levels in blue sharks and deepwater dogfish around Tasmania has shown not all sharks have an acceptable mercry level under the proposed Australian Food Standards Code},
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}Relationship of silver with selenium and merciru in the liver of two species of toothed whales (Odontocetes). Becker, P., R., Mackey, E., A., Demiralp, R., Suydams, R., Early, G., Kostner, B., J., & Wise, S., A. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 30:262-271, 1995.
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}Methylmercury concentration in shark muscle by species, size and distribution of sharks in Florida coastal waters. Hueter, R., E., Fong, W., G., Henderson, G., French, M., F., & Manire, C., A. Water, Air, and Soil Pollution, 80:893-899, 1995.
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title = {Methylmercury concentration in shark muscle by species, size and distribution of sharks in Florida coastal waters.},
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}Total and organic mercury in Barents Sea pelagic fish. Joiris, C., R., Ali, I., B., Holsbeek, L., Bossicart, M., & Tapia, G. Bulletin of environmental contamination and toxicology, 55(5):674-81, 11, 1995.
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}1994 (1)
Chemical contaminants in gray whales (Eschrichtius robustus) stranded along the west coast of North America. Varanasi, U., Stein, J., E., Tilbury, K., L., Meador, J., P., Sloan, C., A., Clark, R., C., & Chan, S. Science of the Total Environment, 145:29-53, 1994.
bibtex
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title = {Chemical contaminants in gray whales (Eschrichtius robustus) stranded along the west coast of North America},
type = {article},
year = {1994},
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author = {Varanasi, Usha and Stein, John E and Tilbury, Karen L and Meador, James P and Sloan, Catherine A and Clark, Robert C and Chan, Sin-Lam},
journal = {Science of the Total Environment},
keywords = {A0090,GBMS,US_MM_048,rec# 10546}
}1992 (1)
Heavy metals and selenium in stranded dolphins of Northern Tyrrhenian (NW Mediterranean). Leonzio, C., Focardi, S., & Fossi, C. The Science of the Total Environment, 119:77-84, 1992.
bibtex
bibtex
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title = {Heavy metals and selenium in stranded dolphins of Northern Tyrrhenian (NW Mediterranean)},
type = {article},
year = {1992},
pages = {77-84},
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keywords = {A0029,EU_MM_12,GBMS,rec# 10866}
}1991 (2)
Metal accumulation in tissues of sharks from the Bahía Blanca Estuary, Argentina. Marcovecchio, J., E., Moreno, V., J., & Pérez, A. Marine Environmental Research, 31:263-274, 1991.
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title = {Metal accumulation in tissues of sharks from the Bahía Blanca Estuary, Argentina},
type = {article},
year = {1991},
pages = {263-274},
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}Mercury contamination of the harbour porpoise Phocoena phocoena and other cetanceans from the North Sea and the Kattegat. Joiris, C., R., Holsbeek, L., Bouquegneau, J., M., & Bossicart, M. Water, Air, and Soil Pollution, 56:283-293, 1991.
bibtex
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title = {Mercury contamination of the harbour porpoise Phocoena phocoena and other cetanceans from the North Sea and the Kattegat},
type = {article},
year = {1991},
pages = {283-293},
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journal = {Water, Air, and Soil Pollution},
keywords = {A0089,EU_MM_047,GBMS,rec# 10516}
}1990 (1)
Tissue distribution of heavy metals in small cetaceans from the Southwestern Atlantic Ocean. Marcovecchio, J., E., Moreno, V., J., Bastida, R., O., Gerpe, M., S., & H, R., D. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 21(6):299-304, 1990.
bibtex
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title = {Tissue distribution of heavy metals in small cetaceans from the Southwestern Atlantic Ocean},
type = {article},
year = {1990},
pages = {299-304},
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journal = {Marine Pollution Bulletin},
number = {6},
keywords = {A0087,GBMS,SA_MM_045,rec# 10446}
}1988 (1)
Organochlorine and heavy metal contaminats in white-beaked dolphins (Lagenorhynchus albirostris) and pilot whales (Globicephala melaena) from the coast of Newfoundland, Canada. Muir, D., C., G., Wagemann, R., Grift, N., P., Norstrom, R., J., Simon, M., & Lien, J. Archivwes of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 17:613-629, 1988.
bibtex
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journal = {Archivwes of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology},
keywords = {A0085,CD_MM_043,GBMS,rec# 10526}
}1987 (1)
Distribution of heavy metals in Antarctic marine ecosystem. Honda, K., Yamamoto, Y., & Tatsukawa, R. Polar Biology, 1:184-197, 1987.
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@article{
title = {Distribution of heavy metals in Antarctic marine ecosystem},
type = {article},
year = {1987},
pages = {184-197},
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journal = {Polar Biology},
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}1986 (1)
Mercury and selenium concentrations in sharks from Northern Australian waters. Lyle, J. Australian Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research, 37:309-321, 1986.
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author = {Lyle, J.M.},
journal = {Australian Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research},
keywords = {A0053,AU_FS_062,GBMS,rec# 12956}
}1984 (2)
Mercury and polychlorinated biphenyls in striped bass (Morone saxatilis) from two Nova Scotia rivers. Ray, S., Jessop, B., Coffin, J., & Swetnam, D. Water, Air, and Soil Pollution, 21:15-23, 1984.
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title = {Mercury and polychlorinated biphenyls in striped bass (Morone saxatilis) from two Nova Scotia rivers},
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keywords = {A0064,GBMS,NA_FS_073}
}Mercury concentrations in four carcharhinid and three hammerhead sharks from coastal waters of the Northern Territory. Lyle, J. Australian Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research, 35:441-451, 1984.
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title = {Mercury concentrations in four carcharhinid and three hammerhead sharks from coastal waters of the Northern Territory},
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keywords = {A0045,AU_FS_054,GBMS,rec# 12966}
}1981 (1)
Mercury in tropical marine organisms from North Queensland. Denton, G. & Breck, W. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 12(4):116-121, 1981.
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title = {Mercury in tropical marine organisms from North Queensland},
type = {article},
year = {1981},
pages = {116-121},
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journal = {Marine Pollution Bulletin},
number = {4},
keywords = {A0039,AU_FS_048,GBMS,not all data entered into GlobalHG DB,rec# 15026}
}1979 (2)
Mercury and selenium in blue marlin, Makaira nigricans, fomr the Hawaiian Islands. Schultz, C., D. & Ito, B., M. Fishery Bulletin, 76(4):872-879, 1979.
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title = {Mercury and selenium in blue marlin, Makaira nigricans, fomr the Hawaiian Islands},
type = {article},
year = {1979},
pages = {872-879},
volume = {76},
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journal = {Fishery Bulletin},
number = {4},
keywords = {A0072,GBMS,HI,NA_FS_081,only M & F Hg levels for muscle and liver entered}
}Mercury content of shark from south-western Australian waters. Caputi, N., Edmonds, J., & Heald, D. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 10:337-340, 1979.
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title = {Mercury content of shark from south-western Australian waters},
type = {article},
year = {1979},
pages = {337-340},
volume = {10},
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keywords = {A0034,AU_FS_043,GBMS,rec# 15036}
}