Keyword: gbms
2021 (3)
Mercury species in fish from a tropical river highly impacted by gold mining at the Colombian Pacific region. Salazar-Camacho, C., Salas-Moreno, M., Paternina-Uribe, R., Marrugo-Negrete, J., & Díez, S. Chemosphere, 2021.
abstract bibtex
abstract bibtex
This study was carried out in the Atrato River basin, a tropical ecosystem in northwestern Colombia, highly impacted by gold mining. The aim of this study was to show how these activities have deteriorated the quality of fish species, and how their intensity has influenced the distribution of mercury (Hg) pollution in the Atrato River basin. Results showed that total mercury (THg, n = 842) ranged between 32 ± 53 μg kg−1 (Cyphocharax magdalenae) and 678.5 ± 345 μg kg−1 (Agneiosus pardalis); 38% of the samples exceeded the WHO limit for the protection of populations at risk, and 15% surpassed the WHO maximum limit of THg in fish for human consumption. A significant positive correlation (p < 0.001) was found between THg with total fish length and trophic level, indicating bioaccumulation and biomagnification of mercury in fish, respectively. Using the non-migratory and carnivorous fish species Hoplias malabaricus and Caquetaia kraussii, Hg contamination was found distributed from high mining activity zones (Rio Quito, Medio Atrato, and Murindó & Vigía del Fuerte - upstream zones) to low activity areas (Rio Sucio & Carmen del Darién, and Ciénaga de Ungía & Tumaradó - downstream zones). In the first-ever performed methylmercury (MeHg) measurements in 520 fish muscle samples analyzed from the Atrato River basin, a high MeHg/THg ratio (91% of the THg) in species such as A. pardalis and H. malabaricus were recorded. Results indicated that the environment and the fish species in the Atrato River basin had been greatly affected by gold mining activities practiced on the river and its tributaries. Therefore, environmental authorities must take protection measures for the inhabitants of the area as well as for the environment.
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abstract = {This study was carried out in the Atrato River basin, a tropical ecosystem in northwestern Colombia, highly impacted by gold mining. The aim of this study was to show how these activities have deteriorated the quality of fish species, and how their intensity has influenced the distribution of mercury (Hg) pollution in the Atrato River basin. Results showed that total mercury (THg, n = 842) ranged between 32 ± 53 μg kg−1 (Cyphocharax magdalenae) and 678.5 ± 345 μg kg−1 (Agneiosus pardalis); 38% of the samples exceeded the WHO limit for the protection of populations at risk, and 15% surpassed the WHO maximum limit of THg in fish for human consumption. A significant positive correlation (p < 0.001) was found between THg with total fish length and trophic level, indicating bioaccumulation and biomagnification of mercury in fish, respectively. Using the non-migratory and carnivorous fish species Hoplias malabaricus and Caquetaia kraussii, Hg contamination was found distributed from high mining activity zones (Rio Quito, Medio Atrato, and Murindó & Vigía del Fuerte - upstream zones) to low activity areas (Rio Sucio & Carmen del Darién, and Ciénaga de Ungía & Tumaradó - downstream zones). In the first-ever performed methylmercury (MeHg) measurements in 520 fish muscle samples analyzed from the Atrato River basin, a high MeHg/THg ratio (91% of the THg) in species such as A. pardalis and H. malabaricus were recorded. Results indicated that the environment and the fish species in the Atrato River basin had been greatly affected by gold mining activities practiced on the river and its tributaries. Therefore, environmental authorities must take protection measures for the inhabitants of the area as well as for the environment.},
bibtype = {article},
author = {Salazar-Camacho, Carlos and Salas-Moreno, Manuel and Paternina-Uribe, Roberth and Marrugo-Negrete, José and Díez, Sergi},
journal = {Chemosphere},
keywords = {E0702,GBMS}
}Stable mercury concentrations of tropical tuna in the south western Pacific ocean: An 18-year monitoring study. Médieu, A., Point, D., Receveur, A., Gauthier, O., Allain, V., Pethybridge, H., Menkes, C., E., Gillikin, D., P., Revill, A., T., Somes, C., J., Collin, J., & Lorrain, A. Chemosphere, 263:128024, Elsevier Ltd, 2021.
![Stable mercury concentrations of tropical tuna in the south western Pacific ocean: An 18-year monitoring study [link]](https://bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg "link")
Website abstract bibtex
Website abstract bibtex Global anthropogenic mercury (Hg) emissions to the atmosphere since industrialization are widely considered to be responsible for a significant increase in surface ocean Hg concentrations. Still unclear is how those inputs are converted into toxic methylmercury (MeHg) then transferred and biomagnified in oceanic food webs. We used a unique long-term and continuous dataset to explore the temporal Hg trend and variability of three tropical tuna species (yellowfin, bigeye, and skipjack) from the southwestern Pacific Ocean between 2001 and 2018 (n = 590). Temporal trends of muscle nitrogen (δ15N) and carbon (δ13C) stable isotope ratios, amino acid (AA) δ15N values and oceanographic variables were also investigated to examine the potential influence of trophic, biogeochemical and physical processes on the temporal variability of tuna Hg concentrations. For the three species, we detected significant inter-annual variability but no significant long-term trend for Hg concentrations. Inter-annual variability was related to the variability in tuna sampled lengths among years and to tuna muscle δ15N and δ13C values. Complementary AA- and model-estimated phytoplankton δ15N values suggested the influence of baseline processes with enhanced tuna Hg concentrations observed when dinitrogen fixers prevail, possibly fuelling baseline Hg methylation and/or MeHg bioavailability at the base of the food web. Our results show that MeHg trends in top predators do not necessary capture the increasing Hg concentrations in surface waters suspected at the global oceanic scale due to the complex and variable processes governing Hg deposition, methylation, bioavailability and biomagnification. This illustrates the need for long-term standardized monitoring programs of marine biota worldwide.
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title = {Stable mercury concentrations of tropical tuna in the south western Pacific ocean: An 18-year monitoring study},
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abstract = {Global anthropogenic mercury (Hg) emissions to the atmosphere since industrialization are widely considered to be responsible for a significant increase in surface ocean Hg concentrations. Still unclear is how those inputs are converted into toxic methylmercury (MeHg) then transferred and biomagnified in oceanic food webs. We used a unique long-term and continuous dataset to explore the temporal Hg trend and variability of three tropical tuna species (yellowfin, bigeye, and skipjack) from the southwestern Pacific Ocean between 2001 and 2018 (n = 590). Temporal trends of muscle nitrogen (δ15N) and carbon (δ13C) stable isotope ratios, amino acid (AA) δ15N values and oceanographic variables were also investigated to examine the potential influence of trophic, biogeochemical and physical processes on the temporal variability of tuna Hg concentrations. For the three species, we detected significant inter-annual variability but no significant long-term trend for Hg concentrations. Inter-annual variability was related to the variability in tuna sampled lengths among years and to tuna muscle δ15N and δ13C values. Complementary AA- and model-estimated phytoplankton δ15N values suggested the influence of baseline processes with enhanced tuna Hg concentrations observed when dinitrogen fixers prevail, possibly fuelling baseline Hg methylation and/or MeHg bioavailability at the base of the food web. Our results show that MeHg trends in top predators do not necessary capture the increasing Hg concentrations in surface waters suspected at the global oceanic scale due to the complex and variable processes governing Hg deposition, methylation, bioavailability and biomagnification. This illustrates the need for long-term standardized monitoring programs of marine biota worldwide.},
bibtype = {article},
author = {Médieu, Anaïs and Point, David and Receveur, Aurore and Gauthier, Olivier and Allain, Valérie and Pethybridge, Heidi and Menkes, Christophe E. and Gillikin, David P. and Revill, Andrew T. and Somes, Christopher J. and Collin, Jeremy and Lorrain, Anne},
journal = {Chemosphere}
}Mercury bioaccumulation in stream fish from an agriculturally-dominated watershed. Donadt, C., Cooke, C., A., Graydon, J., A., & Poesch, M., S. Chemosphere, 262:128059, Elsevier Ltd, 2021.
Website abstract bibtex
Website abstract bibtex Bioaccumulation of mercury in freshwater fish is a complex process driven by environmental and biological factors. In this study, we assessed mercury in fish from four tributaries to the Red Deer River, Alberta, Canada, which are characterized by high surface water mercury concentrations. We used carbon (δ13C) and nitrogen (δ15N) stable isotopes to examine relationships between fish total mercury (THg) concentrations, food web dynamics and patterns in unfiltered THg and methylmercury (MeHg) concentrations. We found that THg concentrations exceeded the tissue residue quality guideline for the protection of wildlife consumers in 99.7% of fish sampled. However, while the surface water THg concentration was highest in Michichi Creek and the MeHg concentration was consistent across streams, patterns of fish THg concentrations varied depending on species. Furthermore, body size and trophic level were only correlated with THg concentrations in white sucker (Catostomus commersoni) and Prussian carp (Carrasius gibelio). The results of this study suggest that mercury poses a risk to the health of piscivorous wildlife in the Red Deer River watershed. Despite high THg concentrations in these streams, mercury bioaccumulation is not driven by environmental inorganic mercury concentrations. Additionally, commonly cited factors associated with mercury concentrations in fish, such as body size and trophic level, may not strongly influence bioaccumulation in these stream ecosystems.
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abstract = {Bioaccumulation of mercury in freshwater fish is a complex process driven by environmental and biological factors. In this study, we assessed mercury in fish from four tributaries to the Red Deer River, Alberta, Canada, which are characterized by high surface water mercury concentrations. We used carbon (δ13C) and nitrogen (δ15N) stable isotopes to examine relationships between fish total mercury (THg) concentrations, food web dynamics and patterns in unfiltered THg and methylmercury (MeHg) concentrations. We found that THg concentrations exceeded the tissue residue quality guideline for the protection of wildlife consumers in 99.7% of fish sampled. However, while the surface water THg concentration was highest in Michichi Creek and the MeHg concentration was consistent across streams, patterns of fish THg concentrations varied depending on species. Furthermore, body size and trophic level were only correlated with THg concentrations in white sucker (Catostomus commersoni) and Prussian carp (Carrasius gibelio). The results of this study suggest that mercury poses a risk to the health of piscivorous wildlife in the Red Deer River watershed. Despite high THg concentrations in these streams, mercury bioaccumulation is not driven by environmental inorganic mercury concentrations. Additionally, commonly cited factors associated with mercury concentrations in fish, such as body size and trophic level, may not strongly influence bioaccumulation in these stream ecosystems.},
bibtype = {article},
author = {Donadt, Caitlyn and Cooke, Colin A. and Graydon, Jennifer A. and Poesch, Mark S.},
journal = {Chemosphere}
}2020 (3)
Following up mercury pollution in the Ebro Delta (NE Spain): Audouin's gull fledglings as model organisms to elucidate anthropogenic impacts on the environment. Sánchez-Fortún, M., Ouled-Cheikh, J., Jover, C., García-Tarrasón, M., Carrasco, J., L., & Sanpera, C. Environmental Pollution, 266:1-9, 2020.
abstract bibtex
abstract bibtex
As top-predators in marine ecosystems, seabirds are regarded as appropriate bioindicator species for a variety of contaminants. Mercury (Hg) is a global pollutant, which can biomagnify along marine and freshwater food webs. Therefore, mercury body burden in seabirds, such as gulls, will integrate information about pollution in the environment. In the Ebro Delta (NE Spain), legacy mercury pollution from a chlor-alkali industry located ca. 100 km upstream of the Ebro river mouth has been affecting the delta environment. We have analyzed a 15-year temporal series (2004–2019) of Hg in birds from a breeding colony of Audouin's gull (Ichthyaetus audouinii) in the Ebro Delta to understand how fluctuations in Hg levels are coupled to human activities in the industrial area in the upstream region of the river. Stable isotopic signatures of C and N (δ13Cbulk and δ15Nbulk) are determined to characterize the trophic ecology of the species. Since only δ13Cbulk but not δ15Nbulk was associated with THg levels, we used compound-specific stable nitrogen isotope analysis of amino acids (AA-CSIA) to evaluate the causes of variation in δ15Nbulk to further investigate the idea of a decoupling of δ15Nbulk and THg over time. We found Audouin's gull to be sensitive to Hg variations in the environment due to anthropogenic changes and to be a good indicator species for this contaminant in the Ebro Delta.
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abstract = {As top-predators in marine ecosystems, seabirds are regarded as appropriate bioindicator species for a variety of contaminants. Mercury (Hg) is a global pollutant, which can biomagnify along marine and freshwater food webs. Therefore, mercury body burden in seabirds, such as gulls, will integrate information about pollution in the environment. In the Ebro Delta (NE Spain), legacy mercury pollution from a chlor-alkali industry located ca. 100 km upstream of the Ebro river mouth has been affecting the delta environment. We have analyzed a 15-year temporal series (2004–2019) of Hg in birds from a breeding colony of Audouin's gull (Ichthyaetus audouinii) in the Ebro Delta to understand how fluctuations in Hg levels are coupled to human activities in the industrial area in the upstream region of the river. Stable isotopic signatures of C and N (δ13Cbulk and δ15Nbulk) are determined to characterize the trophic ecology of the species. Since only δ13Cbulk but not δ15Nbulk was associated with THg levels, we used compound-specific stable nitrogen isotope analysis of amino acids (AA-CSIA) to evaluate the causes of variation in δ15Nbulk to further investigate the idea of a decoupling of δ15Nbulk and THg over time. We found Audouin's gull to be sensitive to Hg variations in the environment due to anthropogenic changes and to be a good indicator species for this contaminant in the Ebro Delta.},
bibtype = {article},
author = {Sánchez-Fortún, Moisès and Ouled-Cheikh, Jazel and Jover, Clara and García-Tarrasón, Manuel and Carrasco, Josep Lluís and Sanpera, Carola},
journal = {Environmental Pollution}
}Mercury concentrations in the tissues of blue shark (Prionace glauca) from Sagami Bay and cephalopods from East China Sea. Kazama, H., Yamaguchi, Y., Harada, Y., Kaneko, N., Mizushima, H., Tsuchiya, K., Nemoto, M., Takaku, Y., Sahoo, Y., V., & Tanaka, M. Environmental Pollution, 266:115192, Elsevier Ltd, 2020.
Website abstract bibtex
Website abstract bibtex The toxicity of mercury (Hg), is generally known, and around 90% of Hg exist as methylmercury (CH3Hg+) in marine organism. Mercury concentrates in sharks and whales, which are at the top of the food chain as predators to cephalopods. The concentrations of Hg in liver and muscle of blue shark, caught in Sagami Bay, and in digestive gland and mantles of Todarodes pacificus, Sepia madokai, and Uroteuthis edulis caught in East China Sea were measured and analyzed. The Hg concentrations in the sharks, squids, and cuttlefishes determined in this study were almost same as those in the other sea regions. In addition, the Hg concentration in the blue shark was higher in the muscle than in the liver. In S. madokai and U. edulis, Hg accumulated in the digestive gland but not in the mantle. Although the Hg concentration in the digestive gland of T. pacificus is lower than those of S. madkai and U edulis, Hg concentration in the mantle is critically higher. More than 90% of Hg is present as CH3Hg+ in muscle of blue shark and mantle of T. pacificus. This feature is explained due to amino acids with the thiol groups and chain genes in the muscle of blue shark as well as in the mantle of T. pacificus. Myosin in the mantle of T. pacificus and blue shark enhances the stability of CH3Hg+. The amount of Hg in the digestive gland of T. pacificus could be too large to store; thus, Hg is released to the mantle, whereas the nutrients in the digestive gland of T. pacificus are supplied to other tissues. It is considered that the muscle fiber of T. pacificus is strong; therefore, large amounts of myosin levels may be present in T. pacificus than in S. madokai and U. edulis.
@article{
title = {Mercury concentrations in the tissues of blue shark (Prionace glauca) from Sagami Bay and cephalopods from East China Sea},
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abstract = {The toxicity of mercury (Hg), is generally known, and around 90% of Hg exist as methylmercury (CH3Hg+) in marine organism. Mercury concentrates in sharks and whales, which are at the top of the food chain as predators to cephalopods. The concentrations of Hg in liver and muscle of blue shark, caught in Sagami Bay, and in digestive gland and mantles of Todarodes pacificus, Sepia madokai, and Uroteuthis edulis caught in East China Sea were measured and analyzed. The Hg concentrations in the sharks, squids, and cuttlefishes determined in this study were almost same as those in the other sea regions. In addition, the Hg concentration in the blue shark was higher in the muscle than in the liver. In S. madokai and U. edulis, Hg accumulated in the digestive gland but not in the mantle. Although the Hg concentration in the digestive gland of T. pacificus is lower than those of S. madkai and U edulis, Hg concentration in the mantle is critically higher. More than 90% of Hg is present as CH3Hg+ in muscle of blue shark and mantle of T. pacificus. This feature is explained due to amino acids with the thiol groups and chain genes in the muscle of blue shark as well as in the mantle of T. pacificus. Myosin in the mantle of T. pacificus and blue shark enhances the stability of CH3Hg+. The amount of Hg in the digestive gland of T. pacificus could be too large to store; thus, Hg is released to the mantle, whereas the nutrients in the digestive gland of T. pacificus are supplied to other tissues. It is considered that the muscle fiber of T. pacificus is strong; therefore, large amounts of myosin levels may be present in T. pacificus than in S. madokai and U. edulis.},
bibtype = {article},
author = {Kazama, Hitomi and Yamaguchi, Yoshitaka and Harada, Yono and Kaneko, Naoki and Mizushima, Hiroyuki and Tsuchiya, Kotaro and Nemoto, Masao and Takaku, Yuichi and Sahoo, Yu Vin and Tanaka, Miho},
journal = {Environmental Pollution}
}Cadmium, mercury, and selenium in muscle of the scalloped hammerhead Sphyrna lewini from the tropical Eastern Pacific: Variation with age, molar ratios and human health risk. Ruelas-Inzunza, J., Amezcua, F., Coiraton, C., & Páez-Osuna, F. Chemosphere, 2020.
abstract bibtex
abstract bibtex
With the aim of assessing health risk to shark consumers, cadmium, mercury, and selenium were measured in muscle of Sphyrna lewini from four coastal states (Baja California Sur, Sinaloa, Nayarit, and Colima) in western Mexico. According to length of specimens, three age modes were found: juveniles and neonates (the majority of the individuals), preadults and adults. Average concentrations (μg g−1 dry weight) in all the studied individuals followed the order cadmium (0.06), selenium (0.94), and mercury (1.56). The mean concentrations of cadmium and mercury increased significantly (p < 0.001) with mean length of specimens. Overall, hazard quotient and hazard index values were below one so there is no health risk to consumers. According to molar ratios of Hg and Se in the edible portion (muscle) of sharks, and depending on the areas of collection, individuals from Baja California Sur might not be beneficial to consumers.
@article{
title = {Cadmium, mercury, and selenium in muscle of the scalloped hammerhead Sphyrna lewini from the tropical Eastern Pacific: Variation with age, molar ratios and human health risk},
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abstract = {With the aim of assessing health risk to shark consumers, cadmium, mercury, and selenium were measured in muscle of Sphyrna lewini from four coastal states (Baja California Sur, Sinaloa, Nayarit, and Colima) in western Mexico. According to length of specimens, three age modes were found: juveniles and neonates (the majority of the individuals), preadults and adults. Average concentrations (μg g−1 dry weight) in all the studied individuals followed the order cadmium (0.06), selenium (0.94), and mercury (1.56). The mean concentrations of cadmium and mercury increased significantly (p < 0.001) with mean length of specimens. Overall, hazard quotient and hazard index values were below one so there is no health risk to consumers. According to molar ratios of Hg and Se in the edible portion (muscle) of sharks, and depending on the areas of collection, individuals from Baja California Sur might not be beneficial to consumers.},
bibtype = {article},
author = {Ruelas-Inzunza, Jorge and Amezcua, Felipe and Coiraton, Claire and Páez-Osuna, Federico},
journal = {Chemosphere}
}2019 (4)
Mercury bioaccumulation in tilefish from the northeastern Gulf of Mexico 2 years after the Deepwater Horizon oil spill: Insights from Hg, C, N and S stable isotopes. Perrot, V., Landing, W., M., Grubbs, R., D., & Salters, V., J. Science of the Total Environment, 666:828-838, Elsevier B.V., 2019.
Website abstract bibtex
Website abstract bibtex Mercury (Hg) concentration in fish of the Gulf of the Mexico (GoM) is a major concern due to the importance of the GoM for U.S. fisheries. The Deepwater Horizon (DWH) oil spill in April 2010 in the northern GoM resulted in large amounts of oil and dispersant released to the water column, which potentially modified Hg bioaccumulation patterns in affected areas. We measured Hg species (methylmercury (MMHg) and inorganic Hg (IHg)) concentrations, and light (C, N and S) and Hg stable isotopes in muscle and liver tissues from tilefish (Lopholatilus chamaleonticeps) sampled in 2012 and 2013 along the shelf break of the northeastern GoM. Fish located close to the mouth of the Mississippi River (MR) and northwest of the DWH well-head (47 km) showed significantly lower Hg levels in muscle and liver than fish located further northeast of the DWH (>109 km), where 98% of tilefish had Hg levels in the muscle above US consumption advisory thresholds (50% for tilefish close to the DWH). Differences in light and Hg stable isotopes signatures were observed between these two areas, showing higher δ 15 N, and lower δ 202 Hg, Δ 199 Hg and δ 34 S in fish close to the DWH/MR. This suggests that suspended particles from the MR reduces Hg bioavailability at the base of the GoM food chains. This phenomenon can be locally enhanced by the DWH that resulted in increased particles in the water column as evidenced by the marine snow layer in the sediments. On the other hand, freshly deposited Hg associated with organic matter in more oligotrophic marine waters enhanced Hg bioaccumulation in local food webs. Comparing Hg isotopic composition in liver and muscle of fish indicates specific metabolic response in fish having accumulated high levels of MMHg.
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title = {Mercury bioaccumulation in tilefish from the northeastern Gulf of Mexico 2 years after the Deepwater Horizon oil spill: Insights from Hg, C, N and S stable isotopes},
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abstract = {Mercury (Hg) concentration in fish of the Gulf of the Mexico (GoM) is a major concern due to the importance of the GoM for U.S. fisheries. The Deepwater Horizon (DWH) oil spill in April 2010 in the northern GoM resulted in large amounts of oil and dispersant released to the water column, which potentially modified Hg bioaccumulation patterns in affected areas. We measured Hg species (methylmercury (MMHg) and inorganic Hg (IHg)) concentrations, and light (C, N and S) and Hg stable isotopes in muscle and liver tissues from tilefish (Lopholatilus chamaleonticeps) sampled in 2012 and 2013 along the shelf break of the northeastern GoM. Fish located close to the mouth of the Mississippi River (MR) and northwest of the DWH well-head (47 km) showed significantly lower Hg levels in muscle and liver than fish located further northeast of the DWH (>109 km), where 98% of tilefish had Hg levels in the muscle above US consumption advisory thresholds (50% for tilefish close to the DWH). Differences in light and Hg stable isotopes signatures were observed between these two areas, showing higher δ 15 N, and lower δ 202 Hg, Δ 199 Hg and δ 34 S in fish close to the DWH/MR. This suggests that suspended particles from the MR reduces Hg bioavailability at the base of the GoM food chains. This phenomenon can be locally enhanced by the DWH that resulted in increased particles in the water column as evidenced by the marine snow layer in the sediments. On the other hand, freshly deposited Hg associated with organic matter in more oligotrophic marine waters enhanced Hg bioaccumulation in local food webs. Comparing Hg isotopic composition in liver and muscle of fish indicates specific metabolic response in fish having accumulated high levels of MMHg.},
bibtype = {article},
author = {Perrot, Vincent and Landing, William M. and Grubbs, R. Dean and Salters, Vincent J.M.},
journal = {Science of the Total Environment}
}Mercury, silver, selenium and other trace elements in three cyprinid fish species from the Vaal Dam, South Africa, including implications for fish consumers. Plessl, C., Gilbert, B., M., Sigmund, M., F., Theiner, S., Avenant-Oldewage, A., Keppler, B., K., & Jirsa, F. Science of the Total Environment, 659:1158-1167, Elsevier B.V., 2019.
Website abstract bibtex
Website abstract bibtex The levels of Cr, Cu, Zn, Se, Ag, Cd, Hg, and Pb were determined in muscle and liver samples from 30 specimens of fish belonging to the species Labeobarbus aeneus, Labeobarbus kimberleyensis, and Labeo umbratus from the Vaal Dam. Health risks for human fish consumers were estimated using the target hazard quotient (THQ), the Se:Hg-ratio, and Se health benefit value (Se HBV). This is the first comprehensive report on Hg levels in fish from this lake. Mean concentrations ranging from 0.247–0.481 mg/kg dw in muscle and from 0.170–0.363 mg/kg dw in liver clearly show a contamination with this element. Although levels in muscle did not exceed maximum allowances for human consumption, a calculated THQ of 0.12 and 0.14 for the two Labeobarbus species, respectively, showed a potential risk due to additive effects. All Se:Hg-ratios as well as Se HBVs clearly suggested positive effects for fish consumers. Levels of Cu were remarkably high in the liver of L. umbratus, calling for further investigation on this species. Cadmium levels were above the maximum allowances for fish consumption in the liver of all three species (means between 0.190 and 0.460 mg/kg dw), but below the LOD in all muscle and intestine samples. This is also the first report of Ag in fish from South Africa. Levels were below the LOD in muscle, but well detectable in liver; they varied significantly between the two Labeobarbus species (0.054 ± 0.030 and 0.037 ± 0.016 mg/kg dw) compared to L. umbratus (1.92 ± 0.83 mg/kg dw) and showed a positive correlation with Cu levels (63.7 ± 17.0; 70.3 ± 9.0 and 1300 ± 823 mg/kg dw), possibly due to similar chemical affinities to metallothioneins. The detected Ag levels can serve as a basis to monitor the development of this new pollutant in aquatic environments in South Africa and worldwide.
@article{
title = {Mercury, silver, selenium and other trace elements in three cyprinid fish species from the Vaal Dam, South Africa, including implications for fish consumers},
type = {article},
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abstract = {The levels of Cr, Cu, Zn, Se, Ag, Cd, Hg, and Pb were determined in muscle and liver samples from 30 specimens of fish belonging to the species Labeobarbus aeneus, Labeobarbus kimberleyensis, and Labeo umbratus from the Vaal Dam. Health risks for human fish consumers were estimated using the target hazard quotient (THQ), the Se:Hg-ratio, and Se health benefit value (Se HBV). This is the first comprehensive report on Hg levels in fish from this lake. Mean concentrations ranging from 0.247–0.481 mg/kg dw in muscle and from 0.170–0.363 mg/kg dw in liver clearly show a contamination with this element. Although levels in muscle did not exceed maximum allowances for human consumption, a calculated THQ of 0.12 and 0.14 for the two Labeobarbus species, respectively, showed a potential risk due to additive effects. All Se:Hg-ratios as well as Se HBVs clearly suggested positive effects for fish consumers. Levels of Cu were remarkably high in the liver of L. umbratus, calling for further investigation on this species. Cadmium levels were above the maximum allowances for fish consumption in the liver of all three species (means between 0.190 and 0.460 mg/kg dw), but below the LOD in all muscle and intestine samples. This is also the first report of Ag in fish from South Africa. Levels were below the LOD in muscle, but well detectable in liver; they varied significantly between the two Labeobarbus species (0.054 ± 0.030 and 0.037 ± 0.016 mg/kg dw) compared to L. umbratus (1.92 ± 0.83 mg/kg dw) and showed a positive correlation with Cu levels (63.7 ± 17.0; 70.3 ± 9.0 and 1300 ± 823 mg/kg dw), possibly due to similar chemical affinities to metallothioneins. The detected Ag levels can serve as a basis to monitor the development of this new pollutant in aquatic environments in South Africa and worldwide.},
bibtype = {article},
author = {Plessl, Christof and Gilbert, Beric M. and Sigmund, Martin F. and Theiner, Sarah and Avenant-Oldewage, Annemariè and Keppler, Bernhard K. and Jirsa, Franz},
journal = {Science of the Total Environment}
}Determination of Hg in farmed and wild atlantic bluefin tuna (Thunnus thynnus L.) muscle. Annibaldi, A., Truzzi, C., Carnevali, O., Pignalosa, P., Api, M., Scarponi, G., & Illuminati, S. Molecules, 24(7):1-16, 2019.
abstract bibtex
abstract bibtex
Mercury (Hg) is a well-known toxic element, diffused in the environment, especially in the Mediterranean Sea which is rich in cinnabar deposits. Mercury bioaccumulation in fish is of great concern, especially for top-level aquatic predators (e.g., shark, tuna, swordfish) and above all for species of large human consumption and high nutritional value. This work aimed to determine Hg concentrations in farmed and wild Atlantic Bluefin tuna (Thunnus thynnus) caught in the Mediterranean area in order to evaluate the level of Hg bioaccumulation. selenium (Se) content was also determined, since this element is an antagonist of mercury toxicity. Mercury and Se were analysed by atomic absorption spectrometry after microwave digestion of the samples. Hg content in farmed tuna was below the legal limit (1 mg/kg, wet weight, w.w.) for all specimens (0.6 ± 0.2 mg/kg), whereas the wild ones had a content over the limit (1.7 ± 0.6 mg/kg); Se concentration was higher in farmed specimens (1.1 ± 0.9 mg/kg) compared to wild ones (0.6 ± 0.3 mg/kg). A safe seafood could show a Se/Hg ratio >1 and a health benefit value (HBVSe) > 0: farmed tuna had higher values than the wild specimens (Se/Hg 5.48 vs. 1.32; HBVSe 11.16 vs. 0.29). These results demonstrate that for Hg, there is a better risk/benefit ratio in farmed T. thynnus. making it safer than wild tuna.
@article{
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abstract = {Mercury (Hg) is a well-known toxic element, diffused in the environment, especially in the Mediterranean Sea which is rich in cinnabar deposits. Mercury bioaccumulation in fish is of great concern, especially for top-level aquatic predators (e.g., shark, tuna, swordfish) and above all for species of large human consumption and high nutritional value. This work aimed to determine Hg concentrations in farmed and wild Atlantic Bluefin tuna (Thunnus thynnus) caught in the Mediterranean area in order to evaluate the level of Hg bioaccumulation. selenium (Se) content was also determined, since this element is an antagonist of mercury toxicity. Mercury and Se were analysed by atomic absorption spectrometry after microwave digestion of the samples. Hg content in farmed tuna was below the legal limit (1 mg/kg, wet weight, w.w.) for all specimens (0.6 ± 0.2 mg/kg), whereas the wild ones had a content over the limit (1.7 ± 0.6 mg/kg); Se concentration was higher in farmed specimens (1.1 ± 0.9 mg/kg) compared to wild ones (0.6 ± 0.3 mg/kg). A safe seafood could show a Se/Hg ratio >1 and a health benefit value (HBVSe) > 0: farmed tuna had higher values than the wild specimens (Se/Hg 5.48 vs. 1.32; HBVSe 11.16 vs. 0.29). These results demonstrate that for Hg, there is a better risk/benefit ratio in farmed T. thynnus. making it safer than wild tuna.},
bibtype = {article},
author = {Annibaldi, Anna and Truzzi, Cristina and Carnevali, Oliana and Pignalosa, Paolo and Api, Martina and Scarponi, Giuseppe and Illuminati, Silvia},
journal = {Molecules},
number = {7}
}Understanding the antagonism of Hg and Se in two shark species from Baja California South, México. Terrazas-López, R., Arreola-Mendoza, L., Galván-Magaña, F., Sujitha, S., B., & Jonathan, M., P. Science of the Total Environment, 650:202-209, Elsevier B.V., 2019.
Website abstract bibtex
Website abstract bibtex Mercury and Selenium concentrations were determined in the muscle and liver tissues of Silky shark (Carcharhinus falciformis) and Smooth Hammerhead shark (Sphyrna zygaena) caught off Todos Santos, Southern Baja California, Mexico during August–December 2014. The average mercury concentrations in C. falciformis [(mg/kg) muscle: 3.04; liver: 3.95] and S. zygaena (muscle: 5.23; liver: 3.39) exceeded the permissible limit of 1.0 mg/kg established by the Mexican government. Biomagnification Factors (BMF) to understand the prey-predator relations were also calculated and it was observed that all BMFs were >1 indicating absolute biomagnification of Hg. Additional Se concentrations were found in C. falciformis: 5.34 mg/kg and S. zygaena: 3.29 mg/kg resulting in a molar excess of Se over Hg. Thus, our results prove to offer the basic strategies of Hg-Se biogeochemical processes in marine sharks.
@article{
title = {Understanding the antagonism of Hg and Se in two shark species from Baja California South, México},
type = {article},
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abstract = {Mercury and Selenium concentrations were determined in the muscle and liver tissues of Silky shark (Carcharhinus falciformis) and Smooth Hammerhead shark (Sphyrna zygaena) caught off Todos Santos, Southern Baja California, Mexico during August–December 2014. The average mercury concentrations in C. falciformis [(mg/kg) muscle: 3.04; liver: 3.95] and S. zygaena (muscle: 5.23; liver: 3.39) exceeded the permissible limit of 1.0 mg/kg established by the Mexican government. Biomagnification Factors (BMF) to understand the prey-predator relations were also calculated and it was observed that all BMFs were >1 indicating absolute biomagnification of Hg. Additional Se concentrations were found in C. falciformis: 5.34 mg/kg and S. zygaena: 3.29 mg/kg resulting in a molar excess of Se over Hg. Thus, our results prove to offer the basic strategies of Hg-Se biogeochemical processes in marine sharks.},
bibtype = {article},
author = {Terrazas-López, Rafael and Arreola-Mendoza, Laura and Galván-Magaña, Felipe and Sujitha, S. B. and Jonathan, M. P.},
journal = {Science of the Total Environment}
}2018 (3)
Mercury Exposure in Humboldt (Spheniscus humboldti) and Chinstrap (Pygoscelis antarcticus) Penguins Throughout the Chilean Coast and Antarctica. Álvarez-Varas, R., Morales-Moraga, D., González-Acuña, D., Klarian, S., A., & Vianna, J., A. Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 75(1):75-86, Springer US, 2018.
Website abstract bibtex
Website abstract bibtex Penguins are reliable sentinels for environmental assessments of mercury (Hg) due to their longevity, abundance, high trophic level, and relatively small foraging areas. We analyzed Hg concentrations from blood and feathers of adult Humboldt penguins (Spheniscus humboldti) and feathers of chinstrap penguins (Pygoscelis antarcticus) from different reproductive colonies with variable degrees of urbanization and industrialization along the Chilean and Antarctic coasts. We evaluated Hg concentration differences between species, sexes (Humboldt penguins), and localities. Our results showed significantly greater levels in Humboldt penguins than in chinstrap penguins and nonsignificant differences between sexes among Humboldts. Penguin Hg concentrations showed a latitudinal pattern, with greater values of the metal at lower latitudes, independent of the species. Both studied penguin species showed elevated Hg concentrations compared to their congeners, highlighting the necessity to investigate potential negative effects on their populations. Although differences between species are possibly due to variation in diet and trophic level, our results suggest an important effect of the degree of Hg pollution adjacent to foraging areas. Further research on Hg content in prey species and environmental samples, together with a larger overall sample size, and investigation on penguin’s diet and trophic level are needed to elucidate Hg bioavailability in each location and the role of local Hg pollution levels. Likewise, it is important to monitor Hg and other heavy metals of ecotoxicological importance in penguin populations in vulnerable regions of Chile.
@article{
title = {Mercury Exposure in Humboldt (Spheniscus humboldti) and Chinstrap (Pygoscelis antarcticus) Penguins Throughout the Chilean Coast and Antarctica},
type = {article},
year = {2018},
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pages = {75-86},
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abstract = {Penguins are reliable sentinels for environmental assessments of mercury (Hg) due to their longevity, abundance, high trophic level, and relatively small foraging areas. We analyzed Hg concentrations from blood and feathers of adult Humboldt penguins (Spheniscus humboldti) and feathers of chinstrap penguins (Pygoscelis antarcticus) from different reproductive colonies with variable degrees of urbanization and industrialization along the Chilean and Antarctic coasts. We evaluated Hg concentration differences between species, sexes (Humboldt penguins), and localities. Our results showed significantly greater levels in Humboldt penguins than in chinstrap penguins and nonsignificant differences between sexes among Humboldts. Penguin Hg concentrations showed a latitudinal pattern, with greater values of the metal at lower latitudes, independent of the species. Both studied penguin species showed elevated Hg concentrations compared to their congeners, highlighting the necessity to investigate potential negative effects on their populations. Although differences between species are possibly due to variation in diet and trophic level, our results suggest an important effect of the degree of Hg pollution adjacent to foraging areas. Further research on Hg content in prey species and environmental samples, together with a larger overall sample size, and investigation on penguin’s diet and trophic level are needed to elucidate Hg bioavailability in each location and the role of local Hg pollution levels. Likewise, it is important to monitor Hg and other heavy metals of ecotoxicological importance in penguin populations in vulnerable regions of Chile.},
bibtype = {article},
author = {Álvarez-Varas, Rocío and Morales-Moraga, David and González-Acuña, Daniel and Klarian, Sebastián A. and Vianna, Juliana A.},
journal = {Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology},
number = {1},
keywords = {E0573,GBMS}
}Risk assessment of total mercury and methylmercury in aquatic products from offshore farms in China. Zhang, W., Zhang, X., Tian, Y., Zhu, Y., Tong, Y., Li, Y., & Wang, X. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 354(April):198-205, Elsevier, 2018.
Website abstract bibtex
Website abstract bibtex Contamination of methylmercury (MeHg) in aquatic products has been a wide spread health concern. The objective of this study is to determine total mercury (THg) and MeHg concentrations in different species of aquatic products from major offshore farms in China, and to assess health impacts from consumption. Results showed that the concentrations of THg and MeHg ranged 5.6-328.4 ng/g (wet weight) and 4.3-303.6 ng/g (wet weight) in aquatic products, respectively, and were very variable among species and origin sources. Target hazard quotient (THQ) suggested that MeHg exposure via consumption posed high health risks to children aged 2-7 and higher income families. Residents above the age of 13 and with low income have relatively lower health risk of MeHg exposure. Health impacts on heart attacks and newborns’ IQ from MeHg exposure were evaluated using dose-response relationships. Results showed that mother's consumption of aquatic products (at 6 ounce per day) may cause a loss of 0.38 IQ points for newborns. For non-pregnant, consumption of aquatic products may cause an increase rate of mortality and morbidity of heart attacks at 10.59 and 78.45 per 100,000 persons, respectively. The negative health impact of consuming seawater fish was higher than freshwater fish.
@article{
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year = {2018},
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abstract = {Contamination of methylmercury (MeHg) in aquatic products has been a wide spread health concern. The objective of this study is to determine total mercury (THg) and MeHg concentrations in different species of aquatic products from major offshore farms in China, and to assess health impacts from consumption. Results showed that the concentrations of THg and MeHg ranged 5.6-328.4 ng/g (wet weight) and 4.3-303.6 ng/g (wet weight) in aquatic products, respectively, and were very variable among species and origin sources. Target hazard quotient (THQ) suggested that MeHg exposure via consumption posed high health risks to children aged 2-7 and higher income families. Residents above the age of 13 and with low income have relatively lower health risk of MeHg exposure. Health impacts on heart attacks and newborns’ IQ from MeHg exposure were evaluated using dose-response relationships. Results showed that mother's consumption of aquatic products (at 6 ounce per day) may cause a loss of 0.38 IQ points for newborns. For non-pregnant, consumption of aquatic products may cause an increase rate of mortality and morbidity of heart attacks at 10.59 and 78.45 per 100,000 persons, respectively. The negative health impact of consuming seawater fish was higher than freshwater fish.},
bibtype = {article},
author = {Zhang, Wei and Zhang, Xue and Tian, Yuling and Zhu, Yan and Tong, Yindong and Li, Ying and Wang, Xuejun},
journal = {Journal of Hazardous Materials},
number = {April}
}Potential risk of mercury to human health in three species of fish from the southern Caspian Sea. Manavi, P., N. & Mazumder, A. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 130(December 2017):1-5, Elsevier, 2018.
Website abstract bibtex
Website abstract bibtex We aimed to investigate mercury level in three species of fish such as Sander lucioperca, Liza aurata, and Rutilus frisii kutum. Sampling was done in the southern coasts of the Caspian Sea. The ranges of mercury level in S. lucioperca, L. aurata, and R. frisii kutum were 104.67–675.33 ppb, 60.66–175.33 ppb, and 123.33–170.33 ppb, respectively. Results revealed that the mercury level in S. lucioperca was more than the allowable limit at several sites, while it was less than the allowable limit in R. frisii kutum and L. aurata at all sampling sites. Further, the target hazard quotient (THQ) index for S. lucioperca was >1 at some sites and <1 for other species at all sites. The maximum allowable consumption for each species at the study area was measured daily and monthly.
@article{
title = {Potential risk of mercury to human health in three species of fish from the southern Caspian Sea},
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abstract = {We aimed to investigate mercury level in three species of fish such as Sander lucioperca, Liza aurata, and Rutilus frisii kutum. Sampling was done in the southern coasts of the Caspian Sea. The ranges of mercury level in S. lucioperca, L. aurata, and R. frisii kutum were 104.67–675.33 ppb, 60.66–175.33 ppb, and 123.33–170.33 ppb, respectively. Results revealed that the mercury level in S. lucioperca was more than the allowable limit at several sites, while it was less than the allowable limit in R. frisii kutum and L. aurata at all sampling sites. Further, the target hazard quotient (THQ) index for S. lucioperca was >1 at some sites and <1 for other species at all sites. The maximum allowable consumption for each species at the study area was measured daily and monthly.},
bibtype = {article},
author = {Manavi, Parisa Nejatkhah and Mazumder, Asit},
journal = {Marine Pollution Bulletin},
number = {December 2017}
}2017 (4)
Accumulation of Mercury in The Tissues of the Great Cormorant (Phalacrocorax carbo) From Common Carp. Kral, T., Blahova, J., Doubkova, V., Farkova, D., Vecerek, V., & Svobodova, Z. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 98(2):167-171, Springer US, 2017.
bibtex
bibtex
@article{
title = {Accumulation of Mercury in The Tissues of the Great Cormorant (Phalacrocorax carbo) From Common Carp},
type = {article},
year = {2017},
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keywords = {E0164,GBMS},
pages = {167-171},
volume = {98},
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bibtype = {article},
author = {Kral, Tomas and Blahova, Jana and Doubkova, Veronika and Farkova, Dagmar and Vecerek, Vladimir and Svobodova, Zdenka},
journal = {Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology},
number = {2}
}Toxic heavy metal concentration in soft tissues of gray mullet Liza aurata ( Mugilidae : Perciformes ) during the sexual maturity and sexual rest. Norouzi, M., M, B., T., Sh, G., & Amirjanati, A. Iranian Journal of Fisheries Sciences, 16(3):920-934, 2017.
abstract bibtex
abstract bibtex
This study was conducted to determine the concentration of five heavy metals, including lead, cadmium, mercury, arsenic, and chromium in muscle, liver and gills of the gray mullet, Liza aurata in southern part of the Caspian Sea. The samples were collected during sexual maturity (in the fall) and sexual rest (in the spring). The mean concentration of lead, cadmium, mercury, arsenic, and chromium in the muscle tissue were 1.40, 0.43, 0.16, 0.07 and 0.54 µg/g, respectively during sexual maturity and 1.90, 0.93, 0.24, 0.12 and 0.61 µg/g, respectively during sexual rest. Generally, the uptake of heavy metals during sexual rest was higher (Pb>Cd>Cr>Hg>As) than that (Pb>Cr>Cd>Hg>As) during sexual maturity. Pollutants are effective in the accumulation of heavy and toxic metals in L. aurata in the Caspian Sea during different seasons. The concentration pattern of the metals in the three tissues was as follows: liver>gill>muscle. The difference between the concentrations of the metals in studied tissues was significant. A highly significant correlation between the elements in tissues was observed in both sexual periods. The comparison of the data obtained for muscle tissue with the WHO and NHMRC guidelines showed that the concentrations of all the five heavy metals (Pb, Cr, Cd, Hg, As) were higher than the global standard levels for these metals.
@article{
title = {Toxic heavy metal concentration in soft tissues of gray mullet Liza aurata ( Mugilidae : Perciformes ) during the sexual maturity and sexual rest},
type = {article},
year = {2017},
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pages = {920-934},
volume = {16},
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abstract = {This study was conducted to determine the concentration of five heavy metals, including lead, cadmium, mercury, arsenic, and chromium in muscle, liver and gills of the gray mullet, Liza aurata in southern part of the Caspian Sea. The samples were collected during sexual maturity (in the fall) and sexual rest (in the spring). The mean concentration of lead, cadmium, mercury, arsenic, and chromium in the muscle tissue were 1.40, 0.43, 0.16, 0.07 and 0.54 µg/g, respectively during sexual maturity and 1.90, 0.93, 0.24, 0.12 and 0.61 µg/g, respectively during sexual rest. Generally, the uptake of heavy metals during sexual rest was higher (Pb>Cd>Cr>Hg>As) than that (Pb>Cr>Cd>Hg>As) during sexual maturity. Pollutants are effective in the accumulation of heavy and toxic metals in L. aurata in the Caspian Sea during different seasons. The concentration pattern of the metals in the three tissues was as follows: liver>gill>muscle. The difference between the concentrations of the metals in studied tissues was significant. A highly significant correlation between the elements in tissues was observed in both sexual periods. The comparison of the data obtained for muscle tissue with the WHO and NHMRC guidelines showed that the concentrations of all the five heavy metals (Pb, Cr, Cd, Hg, As) were higher than the global standard levels for these metals.},
bibtype = {article},
author = {Norouzi, M and M, Bagheri Tavani and Sh, Ghodrati and Amirjanati, A},
journal = {Iranian Journal of Fisheries Sciences},
number = {3}
}Mercury Exposure and Diet in Brown Pelicans (Pelecanus occidentalis) in North Carolina, USA. N, K. & Emslie, S., D. Waterbirds, 40(1):50-57, 2017.
abstract bibtex
abstract bibtex
Methylmercury biomagnifies in food chains and can lower reproductive success in many organisms, particularly in top predators such as Brown Pelicans (Pelecanus occidentalis). To determine and compare variability in mercury exposure in this species, chick feathers and egg membranes were collected from seven breeding sites located in the remote Pamlico Sound and the more human-impacted Cape Fear River in North Carolina, USA. The average concentration of total mercury in egg membrane was 0.20 +/- 0.14 ppm dry weight, a level associated with slightly reduced reproductive success in some birds, while chick feather total mercury concentrations (1.13 +/- 0.02 ppm fresh weight) were well below the lowest observable adverse effects level. Mercury-exposure did not vary between the Cape Fear River and Pamlico Sound, but did vary significantly among three Cape Fear River colonies. Diet analysis using delta C-13 and delta N-15 revealed minimal differences in the trophic level and foraging location of prey between islands in close proximity, indicating that differences in mercury availability are not due to differences in diet composition. The source of mercury variation in Brown Pelicans remains unknown and in need of further study.
@article{
title = {Mercury Exposure and Diet in Brown Pelicans (Pelecanus occidentalis) in North Carolina, USA},
type = {article},
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abstract = {Methylmercury biomagnifies in food chains and can lower reproductive success in many organisms, particularly in top predators such as Brown Pelicans (Pelecanus occidentalis). To determine and compare variability in mercury exposure in this species, chick feathers and egg membranes were collected from seven breeding sites located in the remote Pamlico Sound and the more human-impacted Cape Fear River in North Carolina, USA. The average concentration of total mercury in egg membrane was 0.20 +/- 0.14 ppm dry weight, a level associated with slightly reduced reproductive success in some birds, while chick feather total mercury concentrations (1.13 +/- 0.02 ppm fresh weight) were well below the lowest observable adverse effects level. Mercury-exposure did not vary between the Cape Fear River and Pamlico Sound, but did vary significantly among three Cape Fear River colonies. Diet analysis using delta C-13 and delta N-15 revealed minimal differences in the trophic level and foraging location of prey between islands in close proximity, indicating that differences in mercury availability are not due to differences in diet composition. The source of mercury variation in Brown Pelicans remains unknown and in need of further study.},
bibtype = {article},
author = {N, Kiersten and Emslie, Steven D},
journal = {Waterbirds},
number = {1}
}Post-breeding dispersal of frigatebirds increases their exposure to mercury. Mott, R., Herrod, A., & Clarke, R., H. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 119(1):204-210, Elsevier Ltd, 2017.
Website abstract bibtex
Website abstract bibtex Migration and dispersal can expose wildlife to threats in different parts of their range, particularly for localized anthropogenic threats. Wildlife exposure to metal contaminants may correlate with local anthropogenic emissions. Feather mercury concentrations of adult and juvenile Lesser Frigatebirds (Fregata ariel) and Great Frigatebirds (F. minor) were determined for individuals breeding in the eastern Indian Ocean. Low mercury concentration in juveniles relative to adults, higher mercury concentration in adult females than adult males, and a trend for Lesser Frigatebirds to have higher mercury concentration than Great Frigatebirds implicate non-breeding ground exposure as the major influence on mercury burden. Aspects of foraging ecology are congruent with high exposure occurring in inshore waters of the non-breeding range, particularly in the South China Sea. These findings highlight the need for tighter mercury emission regulations in southeast Asia to minimise the potential threat to frigatebirds and other species dependent on marine resources including humans.
@article{
title = {Post-breeding dispersal of frigatebirds increases their exposure to mercury},
type = {article},
year = {2017},
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pages = {204-210},
volume = {119},
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abstract = {Migration and dispersal can expose wildlife to threats in different parts of their range, particularly for localized anthropogenic threats. Wildlife exposure to metal contaminants may correlate with local anthropogenic emissions. Feather mercury concentrations of adult and juvenile Lesser Frigatebirds (Fregata ariel) and Great Frigatebirds (F. minor) were determined for individuals breeding in the eastern Indian Ocean. Low mercury concentration in juveniles relative to adults, higher mercury concentration in adult females than adult males, and a trend for Lesser Frigatebirds to have higher mercury concentration than Great Frigatebirds implicate non-breeding ground exposure as the major influence on mercury burden. Aspects of foraging ecology are congruent with high exposure occurring in inshore waters of the non-breeding range, particularly in the South China Sea. These findings highlight the need for tighter mercury emission regulations in southeast Asia to minimise the potential threat to frigatebirds and other species dependent on marine resources including humans.},
bibtype = {article},
author = {Mott, Rowan and Herrod, Ashley and Clarke, Rohan H.},
journal = {Marine Pollution Bulletin},
number = {1}
}2016 (3)
Low total mercury in Caiman yacare (Alligatoridae) as compared to carnivorous, and non-carnivorous fish consumed by Amazonian indigenous communities. Rivera, S., J., Pacheco, L., F., Achá, D., Molina, C., I., & Miranda-Chumacero, G. Environmental Pollution, 2016.
abstract bibtex
abstract bibtex
Mercury contamination in the River Beni basin is an important health risk factor, primarily for indigenous communities that live along the river. Among them are the Tacana, living in their original territory with sustainable use of their natural resources, consuming fish, Caiman yacare, and other riverine resources as their main source of protein. To assess mercury exposure to Tacana people, total mercury (THg) was evaluated in the muscle of seven commercial fish, and Caiman yacare (yacare caiman) during 2007 and 2008. THg was extracted by acid digestion and concentrations were determined by atomic absorption spectrometry. Mean mercury concentrations in C. yacare was 0.21 ± 0.22 μg g−1Hg w.w. (wet weight), which is lower than expected given its high trophic level, and its long life-span. It is possible that mercury in C. yacare is accumulated in other organs, not included in this study; but it is also possible that physiological mechanisms are involved that help caimans get rid of ingested mercury, or simply that C. yacare's diverse diet reduces THg accumulation. Carnivorous fishes (Pygocentrus nattereri, Pseudoplatystoma tigrinum, Zungaro zungaro, Plagioscion squamosissimus, and Leiarius marmoratus) had the highest total mercury concentrations, ranging from 0.35 to 1.27 μg g−1Hg w.w. moreover, most were above the limit recommended by WHO (0.5 μg g−1Hg w.w.); except for Leiarius marmuratus, which presented a mean of 0.353 ± 0.322 μg g−1Hg w.w. The two non-carnivorous fish species (Prochilodus nigricans, and Piaractus brachypomus) present mean concentrations of 0.099 ± 0.027, and 0.041 ± 0.019 μg g−1Hg w.w., respectively. Finally, recommendations on the consumption habits of Tacana communities are discussed.
@article{
title = {Low total mercury in Caiman yacare (Alligatoridae) as compared to carnivorous, and non-carnivorous fish consumed by Amazonian indigenous communities},
type = {article},
year = {2016},
identifiers = {[object Object]},
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abstract = {Mercury contamination in the River Beni basin is an important health risk factor, primarily for indigenous communities that live along the river. Among them are the Tacana, living in their original territory with sustainable use of their natural resources, consuming fish, Caiman yacare, and other riverine resources as their main source of protein. To assess mercury exposure to Tacana people, total mercury (THg) was evaluated in the muscle of seven commercial fish, and Caiman yacare (yacare caiman) during 2007 and 2008. THg was extracted by acid digestion and concentrations were determined by atomic absorption spectrometry. Mean mercury concentrations in C. yacare was 0.21 ± 0.22 μg g−1Hg w.w. (wet weight), which is lower than expected given its high trophic level, and its long life-span. It is possible that mercury in C. yacare is accumulated in other organs, not included in this study; but it is also possible that physiological mechanisms are involved that help caimans get rid of ingested mercury, or simply that C. yacare's diverse diet reduces THg accumulation. Carnivorous fishes (Pygocentrus nattereri, Pseudoplatystoma tigrinum, Zungaro zungaro, Plagioscion squamosissimus, and Leiarius marmoratus) had the highest total mercury concentrations, ranging from 0.35 to 1.27 μg g−1Hg w.w. moreover, most were above the limit recommended by WHO (0.5 μg g−1Hg w.w.); except for Leiarius marmuratus, which presented a mean of 0.353 ± 0.322 μg g−1Hg w.w. The two non-carnivorous fish species (Prochilodus nigricans, and Piaractus brachypomus) present mean concentrations of 0.099 ± 0.027, and 0.041 ± 0.019 μg g−1Hg w.w., respectively. Finally, recommendations on the consumption habits of Tacana communities are discussed.},
bibtype = {article},
author = {Rivera, S. J. and Pacheco, L. F. and Achá, D. and Molina, C. I. and Miranda-Chumacero, G.},
journal = {Environmental Pollution}
}Contrasted accumulation patterns of persistent organic pollutants and mercury in sympatric tropical dolphins from the south-western Indian Ocean. Dirtu, A., C., Malarvannan, G., Das, K., Dulau-Drouot, V., Kiszka, J., J., Lepoint, G., Mongin, P., & Covaci, A. Environmental Research, 146:263-273, 2016.
Website abstract bibtex
Website abstract bibtex Due to their high trophic position and long life span, small cetaceans are considered as suitable bioindicators to monitor the presence of contaminants in marine ecosystems. Here, we document the contamination with persistent organic pollutants (POPs) and total mercury (T-Hg) of spinner (Stenella longirostris, n =21) and Indo-Pacific bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops aduncus, n=32) sampled from the coastal waters of La Réunion (south-western Indian Ocean). In addition, seven co-occurring teleost fish species were sampled and analyzed as well. Blubber samples from living dolphins and muscle from teleosts were analyzed for polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), DDT and metabolites (DDTs), chlordanes (CHLs), hexachlorocyclohexanes (HCHs), hexachlorobenzene (HCB), and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs). Methoxylated PBDEs (MeO-PBDEs), reported as having a natural origin, were also analyzed. T-Hg levels were measured in blubber and skin biopsies of the two dolphin species. Stable isotopes δ13C and δ15N values were determined in skin of the dolphins and in the muscle of teleosts. For PCBs, HCHs and T-Hg, concentrations were significantly higher in T. aduncus than in S. longirostris. For other POP levels, intra-species variability was high. MeO-PBDEs were the dominant compounds (55% of the total POPs) in S. longirostris, while PCBs dominated (50% contribution) in T. aduncus. Other contaminants showed similar profiles between the two species. Given the different patterns of POPs and T-Hg contamination and the δ15N values observed among analyzed teleosts, dietary and foraging habitat preferences most likely explain the contrasted contaminant profiles observed in the two dolphin species. Levels of each class of contaminants were significantly higher in males than females. Despite their spatial and temporal overlap in the waters of La Réunion, S. longirostris and T. aduncus are differently exposed to contaminant accumulation.
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title = {Contrasted accumulation patterns of persistent organic pollutants and mercury in sympatric tropical dolphins from the south-western Indian Ocean},
type = {article},
year = {2016},
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websites = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0013935116300068},
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abstract = {Due to their high trophic position and long life span, small cetaceans are considered as suitable bioindicators to monitor the presence of contaminants in marine ecosystems. Here, we document the contamination with persistent organic pollutants (POPs) and total mercury (T-Hg) of spinner (Stenella longirostris, n =21) and Indo-Pacific bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops aduncus, n=32) sampled from the coastal waters of La Réunion (south-western Indian Ocean). In addition, seven co-occurring teleost fish species were sampled and analyzed as well. Blubber samples from living dolphins and muscle from teleosts were analyzed for polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), DDT and metabolites (DDTs), chlordanes (CHLs), hexachlorocyclohexanes (HCHs), hexachlorobenzene (HCB), and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs). Methoxylated PBDEs (MeO-PBDEs), reported as having a natural origin, were also analyzed. T-Hg levels were measured in blubber and skin biopsies of the two dolphin species. Stable isotopes δ13C and δ15N values were determined in skin of the dolphins and in the muscle of teleosts. For PCBs, HCHs and T-Hg, concentrations were significantly higher in T. aduncus than in S. longirostris. For other POP levels, intra-species variability was high. MeO-PBDEs were the dominant compounds (55% of the total POPs) in S. longirostris, while PCBs dominated (50% contribution) in T. aduncus. Other contaminants showed similar profiles between the two species. Given the different patterns of POPs and T-Hg contamination and the δ15N values observed among analyzed teleosts, dietary and foraging habitat preferences most likely explain the contrasted contaminant profiles observed in the two dolphin species. Levels of each class of contaminants were significantly higher in males than females. Despite their spatial and temporal overlap in the waters of La Réunion, S. longirostris and T. aduncus are differently exposed to contaminant accumulation.},
bibtype = {article},
author = {Dirtu, Alin C. and Malarvannan, Govindan and Das, Krishna and Dulau-Drouot, Violaine and Kiszka, Jeremy J. and Lepoint, Gilles and Mongin, Philippe and Covaci, Adrian},
journal = {Environmental Research}
}Temporal trends of mercury in eggs of five sympatrically breeding seabird species in the Canadian Arctic. Braune, B., M., Gaston, A., J., & Mallory, M., L. Environmental Pollution, 214(April):124-131, Elsevier Ltd, 2016.
Website abstract bibtex
Website abstract bibtex We compared temporal trends of total mercury (Hg) in eggs of five seabird species breeding at Prince Leopold Island in the Canadian high Arctic. As changes in trophic position over time have the potential to influence contaminant temporal trends, Hg concentrations were adjusted for trophic position (measured as δ15N). Adjusted Hg concentrations in eggs of thick-billed murres (Uria lomvia) and northern fulmars (Fulmarus glacialis) increased from 1975 to the 1990s, followed by a plateauing of levels from the 1990s to 2014. Trends of adjusted Hg concentrations in eggs of murres, fulmars, black guillemots (Cepphus grylle) and black-legged kittiwakes (Rissa tridactyla) had negative slopes between 1993 and 2013. Adjusted Hg concentrations in glaucous gull (Larus hyperboreus) eggs decreased by 50% from 1993 to 2003 before starting to increase again. Glaucous gull eggs had the highest Hg concentrations followed by black guillemot eggs, and black-legged kittiwake eggs had the lowest concentrations consistently in the five years compared between 1993 and 2013. Based on published toxicological thresholds for Hg in eggs, there is little concern for adverse reproductive effects due to Hg exposure in these birds, although the levels in glaucous gull eggs warrant future scrutiny given the increase in Hg concentrations observed in recent years. There is evidence that the Hg trends observed reflect changing anthropogenic Hg emissions. It remains unclear, however, to what extent exposure to Hg on the overwintering grounds influences the Hg trends observed in the seabird eggs at Prince Leopold Island. Future research should focus on determining the extent to which Hg exposure on the breeding grounds versus the overwintering areas contribute to the trends observed in the eggs.
@article{
title = {Temporal trends of mercury in eggs of five sympatrically breeding seabird species in the Canadian Arctic},
type = {article},
year = {2016},
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abstract = {We compared temporal trends of total mercury (Hg) in eggs of five seabird species breeding at Prince Leopold Island in the Canadian high Arctic. As changes in trophic position over time have the potential to influence contaminant temporal trends, Hg concentrations were adjusted for trophic position (measured as δ15N). Adjusted Hg concentrations in eggs of thick-billed murres (Uria lomvia) and northern fulmars (Fulmarus glacialis) increased from 1975 to the 1990s, followed by a plateauing of levels from the 1990s to 2014. Trends of adjusted Hg concentrations in eggs of murres, fulmars, black guillemots (Cepphus grylle) and black-legged kittiwakes (Rissa tridactyla) had negative slopes between 1993 and 2013. Adjusted Hg concentrations in glaucous gull (Larus hyperboreus) eggs decreased by 50% from 1993 to 2003 before starting to increase again. Glaucous gull eggs had the highest Hg concentrations followed by black guillemot eggs, and black-legged kittiwake eggs had the lowest concentrations consistently in the five years compared between 1993 and 2013. Based on published toxicological thresholds for Hg in eggs, there is little concern for adverse reproductive effects due to Hg exposure in these birds, although the levels in glaucous gull eggs warrant future scrutiny given the increase in Hg concentrations observed in recent years. There is evidence that the Hg trends observed reflect changing anthropogenic Hg emissions. It remains unclear, however, to what extent exposure to Hg on the overwintering grounds influences the Hg trends observed in the seabird eggs at Prince Leopold Island. Future research should focus on determining the extent to which Hg exposure on the breeding grounds versus the overwintering areas contribute to the trends observed in the eggs.},
bibtype = {article},
author = {Braune, Birgit M. and Gaston, Anthony J. and Mallory, Mark L.},
journal = {Environmental Pollution},
number = {April}
}2015 (7)
Mercury in Pacific bluefin tuna (Thunnus orientalis): bioaccumulation and trans-Pacific Ocean migration. Colman, J., A., Nogueira, J., I., Pancorbo, O., C., Batdorf, C., A., & Block, B., A. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 72(7):1015-1023, 2015.
Website abstract bibtex
Website abstract bibtex Pacific bluefin tuna (Thunnus orientalis) have the largest home range of any tuna species and are well known for the capacity to make transoceanic migrations. We report the measurement of mercury (Hg) concentrations in wild Pacific bluefin tuna (PBFT), the first reported with known size-of-fish and capture location. The results indicate juvenile PBFT that are recently arrived in the California Current from the western Pacific Ocean have significantly higher Hg concentrations in white muscle (0.51 μg·g–1 wet mass, wm) than PBFT of longer California Current residency (0.41 μg·g–1 wm). These new arrivals are also higher in Hg concentration than PBFT in farm pens (0.43 μg·g–1 wm) that were captured on arrival in the California Current and raised in pens on locally derived feed. Analysis by direct Hg analyzer and attention to Hg by tissue type and location on the fish allowed precise comparisons of mercury among wild and captive fish populations. Analysis of migration and nearshore residency, determined through extensive archival tagging, bioaccumulation models, trophic investigations, and potential coastal sources of methylmercury, indicates Hg bioaccumulation is likely greater for PBFT juvenile habitats in the western Pacific Ocean (East China Sea, Yellow Sea) than in the eastern Pacific Ocean (California Current). Differential bioaccumulation may be a trophic effect or reflect methylmercury availability, with potential sources for coastal China (large hypoxic continental shelf receiving discharge of three large rivers, and island-arc volcanism) different from those for coastal Baja California (small continental shelf, no large rivers, spreading-center volcanism).
@article{
title = {Mercury in Pacific bluefin tuna (Thunnus orientalis): bioaccumulation and trans-Pacific Ocean migration},
type = {article},
year = {2015},
identifiers = {[object Object]},
pages = {1015-1023},
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websites = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjfas-2014-0476},
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abstract = {Pacific bluefin tuna (Thunnus orientalis) have the largest home range of any tuna species and are well known for the capacity to make transoceanic migrations. We report the measurement of mercury (Hg) concentrations in wild Pacific bluefin tuna (PBFT), the first reported with known size-of-fish and capture location. The results indicate juvenile PBFT that are recently arrived in the California Current from the western Pacific Ocean have significantly higher Hg concentrations in white muscle (0.51 μg·g–1 wet mass, wm) than PBFT of longer California Current residency (0.41 μg·g–1 wm). These new arrivals are also higher in Hg concentration than PBFT in farm pens (0.43 μg·g–1 wm) that were captured on arrival in the California Current and raised in pens on locally derived feed. Analysis by direct Hg analyzer and attention to Hg by tissue type and location on the fish allowed precise comparisons of mercury among wild and captive fish populations. Analysis of migration and nearshore residency, determined through extensive archival tagging, bioaccumulation models, trophic investigations, and potential coastal sources of methylmercury, indicates Hg bioaccumulation is likely greater for PBFT juvenile habitats in the western Pacific Ocean (East China Sea, Yellow Sea) than in the eastern Pacific Ocean (California Current). Differential bioaccumulation may be a trophic effect or reflect methylmercury availability, with potential sources for coastal China (large hypoxic continental shelf receiving discharge of three large rivers, and island-arc volcanism) different from those for coastal Baja California (small continental shelf, no large rivers, spreading-center volcanism).},
bibtype = {article},
author = {Colman, J A and Nogueira, J I and Pancorbo, O C and Batdorf, C A and Block, B A},
journal = {Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences},
number = {7},
keywords = {C0292,GBMS}
}Mercury speciation and selenium in toothed-whale muscles. Sakamoto, M., Itai, T., Yasutake, A., Iwasaki, T., Yasunaga, G., Fujise, Y., Nakamura, M., Murata, K., Man Chan, H., Domingo, J., L., & Marumoto, M. Environmental Research, 143:55-61, Elsevier, 2015.
Website bibtex
Website bibtex @article{
title = {Mercury speciation and selenium in toothed-whale muscles},
type = {article},
year = {2015},
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pages = {55-61},
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author = {Sakamoto, Mineshi and Itai, Takaaki and Yasutake, Akira and Iwasaki, Toshihide and Yasunaga, Genta and Fujise, Yoshihiro and Nakamura, Masaaki and Murata, Katsuyuki and Man Chan, Hing and Domingo, José L. and Marumoto, Masumi},
journal = {Environmental Research}
}Food preferences and Hg distribution in Chelonia mydas assessed by stable isotopes. Bezerra, M., F., Lacerda, L., D., Rezende, C., E., Franco, M., A., L., Almeida, M., G., Macêdo, G., R., Pires, T., T., Rostán, G., & Lopez, G., G. Environmental Pollution, 206(September):236-246, 2015.
abstract bibtex
abstract bibtex
Abstract Mercury (Hg) is a highly toxic pollutant that poses in risk several marine animals, including green turtles (Chelonia mydas). Green turtles are globally endangered sea turtle species that occurs in Brazilian coastal waters as a number of life stage classes (i.e., foraging juveniles and nesting adults). We assessed total Hg concentrations and isotopic signatures (13C and 15N) in muscle, kidney, liver and scute of juvenile green turtles and their food items from two foraging grounds with different urban and industrial development. We found similar food preferences in specimens from both areas but variable Hg levels in tissues reflecting the influence of local Hg backgrounds in food items. Some juvenile green turtles from the highly industrialized foraging ground presented liver Hg levels among the highest ever reported for this species. Our results suggest that juvenile foraging green turtles are exposed to Hg burdens from locally anthropogenic activities in coastal areas.
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abstract = {Abstract Mercury (Hg) is a highly toxic pollutant that poses in risk several marine animals, including green turtles (Chelonia mydas). Green turtles are globally endangered sea turtle species that occurs in Brazilian coastal waters as a number of life stage classes (i.e., foraging juveniles and nesting adults). We assessed total Hg concentrations and isotopic signatures (13C and 15N) in muscle, kidney, liver and scute of juvenile green turtles and their food items from two foraging grounds with different urban and industrial development. We found similar food preferences in specimens from both areas but variable Hg levels in tissues reflecting the influence of local Hg backgrounds in food items. Some juvenile green turtles from the highly industrialized foraging ground presented liver Hg levels among the highest ever reported for this species. Our results suggest that juvenile foraging green turtles are exposed to Hg burdens from locally anthropogenic activities in coastal areas.},
bibtype = {article},
author = {Bezerra, M. F. and Lacerda, L. D. and Rezende, C. E. and Franco, M. A L and Almeida, M. G. and Macêdo, G. R. and Pires, T. T. and Rostán, G. and Lopez, G. G.},
journal = {Environmental Pollution},
number = {September}
}Trace element concentrations in harvested auks from Newfoundland: Toxicological risk of a traditional hunt. Bond, A., L., Robertson, G., J., Lavers, J., L., Hobson, K., A., & Ryan, P., C. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 115:1-6, Elsevier, 2015.
Website abstract bibtex
Website abstract bibtex Common (Uria aalge) and Thick-billed Murres (. Uria lomvia) are apex predators in the North Atlantic Ocean, and are also subject to a traditional hunt in Newfoundland and Labrador during the winter months, along with small numbers of illegally harvested Razorbills (. Alca torda). Because of their high trophic position, auks are at risk from high contaminant burdens that bioaccumulate and biomagnify, and could therefore pose a toxicological risk to human consumers. We analysed trace element concentrations from breast muscle of 51 auks collected off Newfoundland in the 2011-2012 hunting season. There were few differences in contaminant concentrations among species. In total, 14 (27%) exceeded Health Canada or international guidelines for arsenic, lead, or cadmium; none exceeded guidelines for mercury. Cadmium concentrations >0.05. ??g/g have persisted in Newfoundland murres for the last 25 years. We urge the integration of this consumptive harvest for high-trophic marine predators into periodic human health risk assessments.
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abstract = {Common (Uria aalge) and Thick-billed Murres (. Uria lomvia) are apex predators in the North Atlantic Ocean, and are also subject to a traditional hunt in Newfoundland and Labrador during the winter months, along with small numbers of illegally harvested Razorbills (. Alca torda). Because of their high trophic position, auks are at risk from high contaminant burdens that bioaccumulate and biomagnify, and could therefore pose a toxicological risk to human consumers. We analysed trace element concentrations from breast muscle of 51 auks collected off Newfoundland in the 2011-2012 hunting season. There were few differences in contaminant concentrations among species. In total, 14 (27%) exceeded Health Canada or international guidelines for arsenic, lead, or cadmium; none exceeded guidelines for mercury. Cadmium concentrations >0.05. ??g/g have persisted in Newfoundland murres for the last 25 years. We urge the integration of this consumptive harvest for high-trophic marine predators into periodic human health risk assessments.},
bibtype = {article},
author = {Bond, Alexander L. and Robertson, Gregory J. and Lavers, Jennifer L. and Hobson, Keith A. and Ryan, Pierre C.},
journal = {Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety}
}Mercury in Forage Fish from Mexico and Central America: Implications for Fish-Eating Birds. Elliott, J., E., Kirk, D., A., Elliott, K., H., Dorzinsky, J., Lee, S., Inzunza, E., R., u., Cheng, K., M., T., Scheuhammer, A., M., & Shaw, P. Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology, 69(4):375-389, Springer US, 2015.
abstract bibtex
abstract bibtex
Mercury (Hg) is a global contaminant of aquatic food chains. Aquatic birds, such as the osprey (Pandion haliaetus), with migratory populations breeding in Canada and the northern United States and wintering in the Central and South America, can be exposed to mercury on both the breeding and wintering ranges. We examined Hg levels in 14 fish taxa from 24 osprey wintering sites identified from satellite telemetry. Our main goal was to determine whether fish species that feature in the diet of overwintering and resident fish-eating birds reached toxicity thresholds for Hg. Mean Hg levels in fish whole carcasses ranged from a high of 0.18 µg g(-1) (wet weight) in Scomberomorus sierra to a low of 0.009 µg g(-1) in Catostomidae. Average Hg levels were within published toxicity threshold values in forage fish for only two sites in Mexico (Puerto Vallarta and San Blas Estuary), and all were marine species, such as mackerel (Scomberomorus sierra), sea catfish (Ariopus spp.), and sardinas species (Centropomus spp.). Except for one sample from Nicaragua, sea catfish from Puerto Morazan, none of the fish from sites in Central America had Hg levels which exceeded the thresholds. Nonmetric multidimensional scaling revealed geographical differences in Hg levels with significant pairwise differences between sites along the Pacific Ocean (Mexico) versus the Bay of Campeche, partly due to differences in species composition of sampled fish (and species distributions). Hg increased with trophic level, as assessed by nitrogen stable isotope ratios (δ(15)N but not δ(13)C), in freshwater and marine, but not estuarine, environments. Hg concentrations in forage fish do not account for the elevated Hg reported for many osprey populations on the breeding grounds, thus primary sources of contamination appear to be in the north.
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abstract = {Mercury (Hg) is a global contaminant of aquatic food chains. Aquatic birds, such as the osprey (Pandion haliaetus), with migratory populations breeding in Canada and the northern United States and wintering in the Central and South America, can be exposed to mercury on both the breeding and wintering ranges. We examined Hg levels in 14 fish taxa from 24 osprey wintering sites identified from satellite telemetry. Our main goal was to determine whether fish species that feature in the diet of overwintering and resident fish-eating birds reached toxicity thresholds for Hg. Mean Hg levels in fish whole carcasses ranged from a high of 0.18 µg g(-1) (wet weight) in Scomberomorus sierra to a low of 0.009 µg g(-1) in Catostomidae. Average Hg levels were within published toxicity threshold values in forage fish for only two sites in Mexico (Puerto Vallarta and San Blas Estuary), and all were marine species, such as mackerel (Scomberomorus sierra), sea catfish (Ariopus spp.), and sardinas species (Centropomus spp.). Except for one sample from Nicaragua, sea catfish from Puerto Morazan, none of the fish from sites in Central America had Hg levels which exceeded the thresholds. Nonmetric multidimensional scaling revealed geographical differences in Hg levels with significant pairwise differences between sites along the Pacific Ocean (Mexico) versus the Bay of Campeche, partly due to differences in species composition of sampled fish (and species distributions). Hg increased with trophic level, as assessed by nitrogen stable isotope ratios (δ(15)N but not δ(13)C), in freshwater and marine, but not estuarine, environments. Hg concentrations in forage fish do not account for the elevated Hg reported for many osprey populations on the breeding grounds, thus primary sources of contamination appear to be in the north.},
bibtype = {article},
author = {Elliott, John E. and Kirk, David A. and Elliott, Kyle H. and Dorzinsky, Jessica and Lee, Sandi and Inzunza, Ernesto R uelas and Cheng, Kimberly M T and Scheuhammer, Anton M. and Shaw, Patrick},
journal = {Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology},
number = {4},
keywords = {E0175,GBMS}
}Mercury Exposure Assessment and Spatial Distribution in A Ghanaian Small-Scale Gold Mining Community. Rajaee, M., Long, R., Renne, E., & Basu, N. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 12(9):10755-10782, 2015.
Website abstract bibtex
Website abstract bibtex Mercury is utilized worldwide in artisanal and small-scale gold mining (ASGM) and may pose a risk for miners and mining communities. While a number of studies have characterized mercury in ASGM communities, most have focused on a single media and few have taken a holistic approach. Here, a multiple media exposure assessment and cross-sectional study of mercury was conducted in 2010 through 2012 in northeast Ghana with a small-scale gold mining community, Kejetia, a subsistence farming community, Gorogo, and an urban ASGM gold refinery in Bolgatanga. The objective was to assess mercury in a range of human (urine and hair) and ecological (household soil, sediment, fish, and ore) samples to increase understanding of mercury exposure pathways. All participants were interviewed on demographics, occupational and medical histories, and household characteristics. Participants included 90 women of childbearing age and 97 adults from Kejetia and 75 adults from Gorogo. Median total specific gravity-adjusted urinary, hair, and household soil mercury were significantly higher in Kejetia miners (5.18 µg/L, 0.967 µg/g, and 3.77 µg/g, respectively) than Kejetia non-miners (1.18 µg/L, 0.419 µg/g, and 2.00 µg/g, respectively) and Gorogo participants (0.154 µg/L, 0.181 µg/g, and 0.039 µg/g) in 2011. Sediment, fish, and ore Hg concentrations were below guideline values. Median soil mercury from the Bolgatanga refinery was very high (54.6 µg/g). Estimated mean mercury ingestion for Kejetia adults from soil and dust exceeded the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency reference dose (0.3 µg Hg/kg·day) for pica (0.409 µg Hg/kg·day) and geophagy (20.5 µg Hg/kg·day) scenarios. Most participants with elevated urinary and household soil mercury were miners, but some non-miners approached and exceeded guideline values, suggesting a health risk for non-mining residents living within these communities.
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abstract = {Mercury is utilized worldwide in artisanal and small-scale gold mining (ASGM) and may pose a risk for miners and mining communities. While a number of studies have characterized mercury in ASGM communities, most have focused on a single media and few have taken a holistic approach. Here, a multiple media exposure assessment and cross-sectional study of mercury was conducted in 2010 through 2012 in northeast Ghana with a small-scale gold mining community, Kejetia, a subsistence farming community, Gorogo, and an urban ASGM gold refinery in Bolgatanga. The objective was to assess mercury in a range of human (urine and hair) and ecological (household soil, sediment, fish, and ore) samples to increase understanding of mercury exposure pathways. All participants were interviewed on demographics, occupational and medical histories, and household characteristics. Participants included 90 women of childbearing age and 97 adults from Kejetia and 75 adults from Gorogo. Median total specific gravity-adjusted urinary, hair, and household soil mercury were significantly higher in Kejetia miners (5.18 µg/L, 0.967 µg/g, and 3.77 µg/g, respectively) than Kejetia non-miners (1.18 µg/L, 0.419 µg/g, and 2.00 µg/g, respectively) and Gorogo participants (0.154 µg/L, 0.181 µg/g, and 0.039 µg/g) in 2011. Sediment, fish, and ore Hg concentrations were below guideline values. Median soil mercury from the Bolgatanga refinery was very high (54.6 µg/g). Estimated mean mercury ingestion for Kejetia adults from soil and dust exceeded the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency reference dose (0.3 µg Hg/kg·day) for pica (0.409 µg Hg/kg·day) and geophagy (20.5 µg Hg/kg·day) scenarios. Most participants with elevated urinary and household soil mercury were miners, but some non-miners approached and exceeded guideline values, suggesting a health risk for non-mining residents living within these communities.},
bibtype = {article},
author = {Rajaee, Mozhgon and Long, Rachel and Renne, Elisha and Basu, Niladri},
journal = {International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health},
number = {9}
}Estimating Mercury Exposure of Piscivorous Birds and Sport Fish Using Prey Fish Monitoring. Ackerman, J., T., Hartman, C., A., Eagles-Smith, C., A., Herzog, M., P., Davis, J., Ichikawa, G., & Bonnema, A. Environmental Science and Technology, 49(22):13596-13604, 2015.
abstract bibtex
abstract bibtex
? 2015 American Chemical Society.Methylmercury is a global pollutant of aquatic ecosystems, and monitoring programs need tools to predict mercury exposure of wildlife. We developed equations to estimate methylmercury exposure of piscivorous birds and sport fish using mercury concentrations in prey fish. We collected original data on western grebes (Aechmophorus occidentalis) and Clark's grebes (Aechmophorus clarkii) and summarized the published literature to generate predictive equations specific to grebes and a general equation for piscivorous birds. We measured mercury concentrations in 354 grebes (blood averaged 1.06 ? 0.08 ?g/g ww), 101 grebe eggs, 230 sport fish (predominantly largemouth bass and rainbow trout), and 505 prey fish (14 species) at 25 lakes throughout California. Mercury concentrations in grebe blood, grebe eggs, and sport fish were strongly related to mercury concentrations in prey fish among lakes. Each 1.0 ?g/g dw (?0.24 ?g/g ww) increase in prey fish resulted in an increase in mercury concentrations of 103% in grebe blood, 92% in grebe eggs, and 116% in sport fish. We also found strong correlations between mercury concentrations in grebes and sport fish among lakes. Our results indicate that prey fish monitoring can be used to estimate mercury exposure of piscivorous birds and sport fish when wildlife cannot be directly sampled.
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bibtype = {article},
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}2014 (6)
Trophic ecology and bioindicator potential of the North Atlantic tope shark. Torres, P., da Cunha, R., T., Maia, R., & dos Santos Rodrigues, A. Science of the Total Environment, 481(1):574-581, Elsevier B.V., 2014.
Website abstract bibtex
Website abstract bibtex Sharks are top marine predators vital in maintaining ecosystem health and food web structure. In order to assess tope shark (Galeorhinus galeus) trophic ecology, stable isotope ratios and trace metal concentrations in muscle tissue were determined, according to size and gender, for 124 individuals caught within the Mid-Atlantic region. Data was complemented and analysed according to previous stomach content information and compared with studies performed in the North East Atlantic. Our results revealed that tope sharks fed at a low trophic level and within a more pelagic-based food web when compared with other North Atlantic regions. MixSIR application reflected its piscivorous diet and study area topography, oligotrophic waters and volcanic nature, suggesting the occurrence of a Mid-Atlantic tope shark population. Considering a non-anthropogenic volcanic source for observed metal contents, the results reflect bioaccumulation and suggest biomagnification processes for As and Hg. These metals exceeded legislated maximum limits for some countries with a maximum of 28.98±1.26 and 0.57±0.01mgkg-1wet weight, respectively, increasing significantly with size for both males and females. Conversely, Cr, Rb and Zn were relatively stable while Cd and Pb were not detected. Hg and Se were strongly correlated, suggesting a Se toxicity mitigation role. Given the tope shark travel capacity and the results obtained, the species may be used as a Mid-Atlantic bioindicator of environmental quality. © 2014 Elsevier B.V.
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abstract = {Sharks are top marine predators vital in maintaining ecosystem health and food web structure. In order to assess tope shark (Galeorhinus galeus) trophic ecology, stable isotope ratios and trace metal concentrations in muscle tissue were determined, according to size and gender, for 124 individuals caught within the Mid-Atlantic region. Data was complemented and analysed according to previous stomach content information and compared with studies performed in the North East Atlantic. Our results revealed that tope sharks fed at a low trophic level and within a more pelagic-based food web when compared with other North Atlantic regions. MixSIR application reflected its piscivorous diet and study area topography, oligotrophic waters and volcanic nature, suggesting the occurrence of a Mid-Atlantic tope shark population. Considering a non-anthropogenic volcanic source for observed metal contents, the results reflect bioaccumulation and suggest biomagnification processes for As and Hg. These metals exceeded legislated maximum limits for some countries with a maximum of 28.98±1.26 and 0.57±0.01mgkg-1wet weight, respectively, increasing significantly with size for both males and females. Conversely, Cr, Rb and Zn were relatively stable while Cd and Pb were not detected. Hg and Se were strongly correlated, suggesting a Se toxicity mitigation role. Given the tope shark travel capacity and the results obtained, the species may be used as a Mid-Atlantic bioindicator of environmental quality. © 2014 Elsevier B.V.},
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}Determination and maternal transfer of heavy metals (Cd, Cu, Zn, Pb and Hg) in the Hawksbill sea turtle (Eretmochelys imbricata) from a nesting colony of Qeshm Island, Iran. Ehsanpour, M., Afkhami, M., Khoshnood, R., & Reich, K., J. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 92(6):667-673, 2014.
abstract bibtex
abstract bibtex
This study was conducted to determine trace metal concentrations (Cd, Cu, Zn, Pb and Hg) in blood and three egg fractions from Eretmochelys imbricata nesting on Qeshm Island in Iran. The results showed detectable levels of all analytes in all fractions. Pb and Hg were detectable in the blood and eggs, reflecting a maternal transfer. With the exception of Cu and Pb, analyzed elements in eggs were concentrated in yolk. Only Zn in blood had a significant correlation with the body size and weight (p < 0.01). It appears that Hawksbill sea turtles can regulate Zn concentrations through homeostatic processes to balance metabolic requirements. The relatively low concentrations of metals in blood support the knowledge that E. imbricata feed mainly on the low trophic levels. All essential and non-essential elements were detectable in blood and in eggs of the hawksbill, reflecting a maternal transfer. Consequently, movement patterns, home ranges of foraging grounds, and availability of food could explain variations in trace element concentrations among female turtles.
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abstract = {This study was conducted to determine trace metal concentrations (Cd, Cu, Zn, Pb and Hg) in blood and three egg fractions from Eretmochelys imbricata nesting on Qeshm Island in Iran. The results showed detectable levels of all analytes in all fractions. Pb and Hg were detectable in the blood and eggs, reflecting a maternal transfer. With the exception of Cu and Pb, analyzed elements in eggs were concentrated in yolk. Only Zn in blood had a significant correlation with the body size and weight (p < 0.01). It appears that Hawksbill sea turtles can regulate Zn concentrations through homeostatic processes to balance metabolic requirements. The relatively low concentrations of metals in blood support the knowledge that E. imbricata feed mainly on the low trophic levels. All essential and non-essential elements were detectable in blood and in eggs of the hawksbill, reflecting a maternal transfer. Consequently, movement patterns, home ranges of foraging grounds, and availability of food could explain variations in trace element concentrations among female turtles.},
bibtype = {article},
author = {Ehsanpour, Maryam and Afkhami, Majid and Khoshnood, Reza and Reich, Kimberly J.},
journal = {Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology},
number = {6}
}Seafood substitutions obscure patterns of mercury contamination in Patagonian toothfish (Dissostichus eleginoides) or “Chilean sea bass”. Marko PloS one, 2014.
bibtex
bibtex
@article{
title = {Seafood substitutions obscure patterns of mercury contamination in Patagonian toothfish (Dissostichus eleginoides) or “Chilean sea bass”},
type = {article},
year = {2014},
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author = {Marko, undefined},
journal = {PloS one},
keywords = {D0046,GBMS}
}Selenium and mercury concentrations in harbor seals (Phoca vitulina) from central California: Health implications in an urbanized estuary. McHuron, E., A., Harvey, J., T., Castellini, J., M., Stricker, C., A., & O'Hara, T., M. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 83(1):48-57, Elsevier Ltd, 2014.
Website abstract bibtex
Website abstract bibtex We measured total selenium and total mercury concentrations ([TSe] and [THg]) in hair (n= 138) and blood (n= 73) of harbor seals (Phoca vitulina) from California to assess ariation by geography and sex, and inferred feeding relationships based on carbon, nitrogen, and sulfur stable isotopes. Harbor seals from Hg-contaminated sites had significantly greater [THg], and lesser [TSe] and TSe:THg molar ratios than seals from a relatively uncontaminated site. Males had significantly greater [THg] than females at all locations. Sulfur stable isotope values explained approximately 25% of the variability in [THg], indicating increased Hg exposure for seals with a greater use of estuarine prey species. Decreased [TSe] in harbor seals from Hg-contaminated regions may indicate a relative Se deficiency to mitigate the toxic effects of Hg. Further investigation into the Se status and the potential negative impact of Hg on harbor seals from Hg-contaminated sites is warranted. © 2014 Elsevier Ltd.
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title = {Selenium and mercury concentrations in harbor seals (Phoca vitulina) from central California: Health implications in an urbanized estuary},
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abstract = {We measured total selenium and total mercury concentrations ([TSe] and [THg]) in hair (n= 138) and blood (n= 73) of harbor seals (Phoca vitulina) from California to assess ariation by geography and sex, and inferred feeding relationships based on carbon, nitrogen, and sulfur stable isotopes. Harbor seals from Hg-contaminated sites had significantly greater [THg], and lesser [TSe] and TSe:THg molar ratios than seals from a relatively uncontaminated site. Males had significantly greater [THg] than females at all locations. Sulfur stable isotope values explained approximately 25% of the variability in [THg], indicating increased Hg exposure for seals with a greater use of estuarine prey species. Decreased [TSe] in harbor seals from Hg-contaminated regions may indicate a relative Se deficiency to mitigate the toxic effects of Hg. Further investigation into the Se status and the potential negative impact of Hg on harbor seals from Hg-contaminated sites is warranted. © 2014 Elsevier Ltd.},
bibtype = {article},
author = {McHuron, Elizabeth A. and Harvey, James T. and Castellini, J. Margaret and Stricker, Craig A. and O'Hara, Todd M.},
journal = {Marine Pollution Bulletin},
number = {1}
}‘‘Pig in a poke (gato por liebre)’’: The ‘‘mota’’ (Calophysus macropterus) Fishery, Molecular Evidence of Commercialization in Colombia and Toxicological Analyses. Salinas et al. EcoHealth, 2014.
bibtex
bibtex
@article{
title = {‘‘Pig in a poke (gato por liebre)’’: The ‘‘mota’’ (Calophysus macropterus) Fishery, Molecular Evidence of Commercialization in Colombia and Toxicological Analyses},
type = {article},
year = {2014},
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bibtype = {article},
author = {Salinas et al., undefined},
journal = {EcoHealth},
keywords = {D0049,GBMS}
}Mercury in the gold mining district of San Martin de Loba, South of Bolivar (Colombia). Olivero-Verbel, J., Caballero-Gallardo, K., & Turizo-Tapia, A. 2014.
abstract bibtex
abstract bibtex
Gold mining is responsible for most Hg pollution in developing countries. The aims of this study were to assess the levels of total Hg (T-Hg) in human hair, fish, water, macro-phyte, and sediment samples in the gold mining district of San Martin de Loba, Colombia, as well as to determine fish consumption-based risks for T-Hg ingestion. T-Hg levels were measured by electrothermal atomization and atomic absorp-tion spectroscopy. The overall mean T-Hg level in hair for humans in the mining district of San Martin de Loba was 2.12 μg/g, whereas for the reference site, Chimichagua, Cesar, it was 0.58 μg/g. Mean T-Hg levels were not different when considered within localities belonging to the mining district but differed when the comparison included Chimichagua. T-Hg levels in examined locations were weakly but significantly associated with age and height, as well as with fish consump-tion, except in San Martin de Loba. High T-Hg concentrations in fish were detected in Pseudoplatystoma magdaleniatum, Caquetaia kraussii, Ageneiosus pardalis, Cyrtocharax magdalenae, and Triportheus magdalenae, whereas the low-est appeared in Prochilodus magdalenae and Hemiancistrus wilsoni. In terms of Hg exposure due to fish consumption, only these last two species offer some guarantee of low risk for Hg-related health problems. Water, floating macrophytes, and sediments from effluents near mining sites also had high Hg values. In mines of San Martin de Loba and Hatillo de Loba, for instance, the geoaccumulation index (I geo) for sediments reached values greater than 6, indicating extreme pollution. In short, these data support the presence of a high Hg-polluted environment in this mining district, with direct risk for dele-terious effects on the health of the mining communities.
@article{
title = {Mercury in the gold mining district of San Martin de Loba, South of Bolivar (Colombia)},
type = {article},
year = {2014},
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abstract = {Gold mining is responsible for most Hg pollution in developing countries. The aims of this study were to assess the levels of total Hg (T-Hg) in human hair, fish, water, macro-phyte, and sediment samples in the gold mining district of San Martin de Loba, Colombia, as well as to determine fish consumption-based risks for T-Hg ingestion. T-Hg levels were measured by electrothermal atomization and atomic absorp-tion spectroscopy. The overall mean T-Hg level in hair for humans in the mining district of San Martin de Loba was 2.12 μg/g, whereas for the reference site, Chimichagua, Cesar, it was 0.58 μg/g. Mean T-Hg levels were not different when considered within localities belonging to the mining district but differed when the comparison included Chimichagua. T-Hg levels in examined locations were weakly but significantly associated with age and height, as well as with fish consump-tion, except in San Martin de Loba. High T-Hg concentrations in fish were detected in Pseudoplatystoma magdaleniatum, Caquetaia kraussii, Ageneiosus pardalis, Cyrtocharax magdalenae, and Triportheus magdalenae, whereas the low-est appeared in Prochilodus magdalenae and Hemiancistrus wilsoni. In terms of Hg exposure due to fish consumption, only these last two species offer some guarantee of low risk for Hg-related health problems. Water, floating macrophytes, and sediments from effluents near mining sites also had high Hg values. In mines of San Martin de Loba and Hatillo de Loba, for instance, the geoaccumulation index (I geo) for sediments reached values greater than 6, indicating extreme pollution. In short, these data support the presence of a high Hg-polluted environment in this mining district, with direct risk for dele-terious effects on the health of the mining communities.},
bibtype = {article},
author = {Olivero-Verbel, Jesus and Caballero-Gallardo, Karina and Turizo-Tapia, Alexi}
}2013 (2)
Morphometric parameters and total mercury in eggs of snowy egret (Egretta thula) from Cartagena Bay and Totumo Marsh, north of Colombia. Olivero-Verbel, J., Agudelo-Frias, D., & Caballero-Gallardo, K. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 69(1-2):105-109, Elsevier Ltd, 2013.
Website abstract bibtex
Website abstract bibtex Eggs from egrets (Egretta thula) were collected from Cartagena Bay and Totumo Marsh, two sites at the north of Colombia with different pollution background, and measured their morphometric parameters as well as total mercury (T-Hg) and calcium levels in eggshell. Statistically significant differences were observed for egg weight and size between the two sampling locations. T-Hg and calcium concentrations in eggshell were greater in eggs from Cartagena Bay, the industrial site, compared to Totumo Marsh, a non-industrial location. The opposite was observed for eggshell thickness (3.6% less in the bay). Pearson correlation analysis showed eggshell T-Hg negatively correlated with eggshell weight in eggs from the marsh (R=-0.795, P<0.006), but not from the bay (R=0.387, P=0.269), probably suggesting greater susceptibility to Hg in birds from the non-polluted site. In short, results suggest eggs from E. thula at Cartagena Bay have greater T-Hg concentrations and less eggshell thickness than those from Totumo Marsh. © 2013 Elsevier Ltd.
@article{
title = {Morphometric parameters and total mercury in eggs of snowy egret (Egretta thula) from Cartagena Bay and Totumo Marsh, north of Colombia},
type = {article},
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abstract = {Eggs from egrets (Egretta thula) were collected from Cartagena Bay and Totumo Marsh, two sites at the north of Colombia with different pollution background, and measured their morphometric parameters as well as total mercury (T-Hg) and calcium levels in eggshell. Statistically significant differences were observed for egg weight and size between the two sampling locations. T-Hg and calcium concentrations in eggshell were greater in eggs from Cartagena Bay, the industrial site, compared to Totumo Marsh, a non-industrial location. The opposite was observed for eggshell thickness (3.6% less in the bay). Pearson correlation analysis showed eggshell T-Hg negatively correlated with eggshell weight in eggs from the marsh (R=-0.795, P<0.006), but not from the bay (R=0.387, P=0.269), probably suggesting greater susceptibility to Hg in birds from the non-polluted site. In short, results suggest eggs from E. thula at Cartagena Bay have greater T-Hg concentrations and less eggshell thickness than those from Totumo Marsh. © 2013 Elsevier Ltd.},
bibtype = {article},
author = {Olivero-Verbel, Jesus and Agudelo-Frias, Diana and Caballero-Gallardo, Karina},
journal = {Marine Pollution Bulletin},
number = {1-2}
}Heavy metal contamination and metallothionein mRNA in blood and feathers of Black-tailed gulls (Larus crassirostris) from South Korea. Kim, M., Park, K., Park, J., Y., & Kwak, I., S. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 185(3):2221-2230, 2013.
abstract bibtex
abstract bibtex
The objectives of this study were to determine levels of heavy metal in the feathers and blood of Black-tailed gulls (Larus crassirostris), to evaluate metallothionein (MT) mRNA level in Black-tailed gulls on three independent islets, and to examine the correlation between heavy metal concentrations and MT mRNA expression. Eleven heavy metals (Al, Cd, Mn, Pb, Cr, Fe, Cu, Zn, Se, Hg, and As) were investigated in blood and feathers of 65 chicks from breeding colonies (Seomando, Hongdo, and Dokdo islet) of South Korea in 2010. Heavy metals were assayed by PerkinElmer NexION 300 inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The mean concentrations of non-essential heavy metals were found to blood containing Cd (0.002 ~ 0.02 ppm), Pb (0.06 ~ 0.18) ppm, Hg (0.03 ~ 0.05) ppm, and As (0.26 ~ 0.48 ppm), and feather containing Cd (0.05 ~ 0.30 ppm), Pb (2.47 ~ 10.80 ppm), Hg (1.18 ~ 1.57 ppm), and As (0.15 ~ 0.44 ppm). Chicks on Seomando islet showed the highest levels of metals (Cd, Pb, Mn, Cr, Cu, and Se in blood; Al, As, Mn, Cr, Fe, Cu, and Se in feathers) among the colonies. Concentrations of Pb and Hg in feathers were the highest on Hongdo, and the levels of Cd and Zn in feathers were the highest on Dokdo islet. MT mRNA in the blood of Black-tailed gulls was relatively higher in gulls from Seomando than in gulls from Hongdo and Dokdo islet. MT mRNA level is thus positively correlated to heavy metal concentrations in Black-tailed gulls.
@article{
title = {Heavy metal contamination and metallothionein mRNA in blood and feathers of Black-tailed gulls (Larus crassirostris) from South Korea},
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abstract = {The objectives of this study were to determine levels of heavy metal in the feathers and blood of Black-tailed gulls (Larus crassirostris), to evaluate metallothionein (MT) mRNA level in Black-tailed gulls on three independent islets, and to examine the correlation between heavy metal concentrations and MT mRNA expression. Eleven heavy metals (Al, Cd, Mn, Pb, Cr, Fe, Cu, Zn, Se, Hg, and As) were investigated in blood and feathers of 65 chicks from breeding colonies (Seomando, Hongdo, and Dokdo islet) of South Korea in 2010. Heavy metals were assayed by PerkinElmer NexION 300 inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The mean concentrations of non-essential heavy metals were found to blood containing Cd (0.002 ~ 0.02 ppm), Pb (0.06 ~ 0.18) ppm, Hg (0.03 ~ 0.05) ppm, and As (0.26 ~ 0.48 ppm), and feather containing Cd (0.05 ~ 0.30 ppm), Pb (2.47 ~ 10.80 ppm), Hg (1.18 ~ 1.57 ppm), and As (0.15 ~ 0.44 ppm). Chicks on Seomando islet showed the highest levels of metals (Cd, Pb, Mn, Cr, Cu, and Se in blood; Al, As, Mn, Cr, Fe, Cu, and Se in feathers) among the colonies. Concentrations of Pb and Hg in feathers were the highest on Hongdo, and the levels of Cd and Zn in feathers were the highest on Dokdo islet. MT mRNA in the blood of Black-tailed gulls was relatively higher in gulls from Seomando than in gulls from Hongdo and Dokdo islet. MT mRNA level is thus positively correlated to heavy metal concentrations in Black-tailed gulls.},
bibtype = {article},
author = {Kim, Miran and Park, Kiyun and Park, Jin Young and Kwak, Inn Sil},
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}2012 (6)
Mercury-Selenium relationships in liver of Guiana Dolphin: The possible role of Kupffer cells in the detoxification process by Tiemannite formation. Lailson-Brito, J., Cruz, R., Dorneles, P., R., Andrade, L., Azevedo, A., d., F., Fragoso, A., B., Vidal, L., G., Costa, M., B., Bisi, T., L., Almeida, R., Carvalho, D., P., Bastos, W., R., & Malm, O. PLoS ONE, 7(7):1-10, 2012.
abstract bibtex
abstract bibtex
Top marine predators present high mercury concentrations in their tissues as consequence of biomagnification of the most toxic form of this metal, methylmercury (MeHg). The present study concerns mercury accumulation by Guiana dolphins (Sotalia guianensis), highlighting the selenium-mediated methylmercury detoxification process. Liver samples from 19 dolphins incidentally captured within Guanabara Bay (Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil) from 1994 to 2006 were analyzed for total mercury (THg), methylmercury (MeHg), total organic mercury (TOrgHg) and selenium (Se). X-ray microanalyses were also performed. The specimens, including from fetuses to 30-year-old dolphins, comprising 8 females and 11 males, presented high THg (0.53–132 mg/g wet wt.) and Se concentrations (0.17–74.8 mg/g wet wt.). Correlations between THg, MeHg, TOrgHg and Se were verified with age (p,0.05), as well as a high and positive correlation was observed between molar concentrations of Hg and Se (p,0.05). Negative correlations were observed between THg and the percentage of MeHg contribution to THg (p,0.05), which represents a consequence of the selenium-mediated methylmercury detoxification process. Accumulation of Se-Hg amorphous crystals in Kupffer Cells was demonstrated through ultra-structural analysis, which shows that Guiana dolphin is capable of carrying out the demethylation process via mercury selenide formation.
@article{
title = {Mercury-Selenium relationships in liver of Guiana Dolphin: The possible role of Kupffer cells in the detoxification process by Tiemannite formation},
type = {article},
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abstract = {Top marine predators present high mercury concentrations in their tissues as consequence of biomagnification of the most toxic form of this metal, methylmercury (MeHg). The present study concerns mercury accumulation by Guiana dolphins (Sotalia guianensis), highlighting the selenium-mediated methylmercury detoxification process. Liver samples from 19 dolphins incidentally captured within Guanabara Bay (Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil) from 1994 to 2006 were analyzed for total mercury (THg), methylmercury (MeHg), total organic mercury (TOrgHg) and selenium (Se). X-ray microanalyses were also performed. The specimens, including from fetuses to 30-year-old dolphins, comprising 8 females and 11 males, presented high THg (0.53–132 mg/g wet wt.) and Se concentrations (0.17–74.8 mg/g wet wt.). Correlations between THg, MeHg, TOrgHg and Se were verified with age (p,0.05), as well as a high and positive correlation was observed between molar concentrations of Hg and Se (p,0.05). Negative correlations were observed between THg and the percentage of MeHg contribution to THg (p,0.05), which represents a consequence of the selenium-mediated methylmercury detoxification process. Accumulation of Se-Hg amorphous crystals in Kupffer Cells was demonstrated through ultra-structural analysis, which shows that Guiana dolphin is capable of carrying out the demethylation process via mercury selenide formation.},
bibtype = {article},
author = {Lailson-Brito, José and Cruz, Renato and Dorneles, Paulo Renato and Andrade, Leonardo and Azevedo, Alexandre de Freitas and Fragoso, Ana Bernadete and Vidal, Lara Gama and Costa, Marianna Badini and Bisi, Tatiana Lemos and Almeida, Ronaldo and Carvalho, Dario Pires and Bastos, Wanderley Rodrigues and Malm, Olaf},
journal = {PLoS ONE},
number = {7},
keywords = {E0368,GBMS}
}Mercury and other mining-related contaminants in ospreys along the upper Clark Fork River, Montana, USA. Langner, H., W., Greene, E., Domenech, R., & Staats, M., F. Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 62(4):681-695, 2012.
abstract bibtex
abstract bibtex
We investigated links between mining-related contaminants in river sediment and their occurrence in nestling ospreys (Pandion haliaetus) in the Clark Fork River Basin, Montana, USA. Blood and feather samples from 111 osprey chicks were collected during 4 years from nests along river sections with greatly different sediment concentrations of arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), lead (Pb), zinc (Zn), and mercury (Hg). No significant differences between river sections were found among Zn (3,150 ± 160 μg L(-1)) and Cd (<5 μg L(-1)) concentrations in blood. Cu, Pb, and As concentrations in blood were significantly increased in chicks from the most contaminated river sections (mean values of 298, 8.9, and 100 μg L(-1), respectively). Cu, Zn, and Pb concentrations increased significantly during a year of above-average river runoff combined with high suspended sediment loads in rivers. Total Hg concentrations in blood and feathers were highly correlated and depended on the geographic locations of the nests. The lowest blood concentrations of Hg were observed in the most upstream river section (mean 151 μg L(-1)) where total sediment concentrations were increased (0.80 mg kg(-1)). River sections with intermediate blood concentrations (mean 206 and 303 μg L(-1)) were associated with low to intermediate sediment concentrations (0.058 and 0.46 mg kg(-1)). The highest concentrations of Hg in ospreys (mean 548 μg L(-1)) were observed downstream from a contaminated tributary (1-4 mg kg(-1) in sediment). In river sections with lower Hg concentrations in sediment, there was a negative correlation between blood Hg concentration and chick mass, presumably due to high deposition rates into growing feathers. This relationship was absent in sections of high Hg exposure. Osprey blood and feathers are suitable for monitoring Hg in aquatic ecosystems; however, responses of As, Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn are more subtle.
@article{
title = {Mercury and other mining-related contaminants in ospreys along the upper Clark Fork River, Montana, USA},
type = {article},
year = {2012},
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pages = {681-695},
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abstract = {We investigated links between mining-related contaminants in river sediment and their occurrence in nestling ospreys (Pandion haliaetus) in the Clark Fork River Basin, Montana, USA. Blood and feather samples from 111 osprey chicks were collected during 4 years from nests along river sections with greatly different sediment concentrations of arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), lead (Pb), zinc (Zn), and mercury (Hg). No significant differences between river sections were found among Zn (3,150 ± 160 μg L(-1)) and Cd (<5 μg L(-1)) concentrations in blood. Cu, Pb, and As concentrations in blood were significantly increased in chicks from the most contaminated river sections (mean values of 298, 8.9, and 100 μg L(-1), respectively). Cu, Zn, and Pb concentrations increased significantly during a year of above-average river runoff combined with high suspended sediment loads in rivers. Total Hg concentrations in blood and feathers were highly correlated and depended on the geographic locations of the nests. The lowest blood concentrations of Hg were observed in the most upstream river section (mean 151 μg L(-1)) where total sediment concentrations were increased (0.80 mg kg(-1)). River sections with intermediate blood concentrations (mean 206 and 303 μg L(-1)) were associated with low to intermediate sediment concentrations (0.058 and 0.46 mg kg(-1)). The highest concentrations of Hg in ospreys (mean 548 μg L(-1)) were observed downstream from a contaminated tributary (1-4 mg kg(-1) in sediment). In river sections with lower Hg concentrations in sediment, there was a negative correlation between blood Hg concentration and chick mass, presumably due to high deposition rates into growing feathers. This relationship was absent in sections of high Hg exposure. Osprey blood and feathers are suitable for monitoring Hg in aquatic ecosystems; however, responses of As, Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn are more subtle.},
bibtype = {article},
author = {Langner, Heiko W. and Greene, Erick and Domenech, Robert and Staats, Molly F.},
journal = {Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology},
number = {4},
keywords = {F0012,GBMS}
}Interspecific and intraspecific variation in selenium:mercury molar ratios in saltwater fish from the Aleutians: potential protection on mercury toxicity by selenium. Burger, J., Gochfeld, M., Jeitner, C., Donio, M., & Pittfield, T. The Science of the total environment, 431:46-56, 8, 2012.
Website abstract bibtex
Website abstract bibtex A number of factors affect the consumption risk from mercury in fish, including mercury levels, seasonal patterns of mercury concentrations, human consumption patterns, and sensitive populations (e.g. pregnant women, fetuses, young children, and yet unknown genetic factors). Recently the protective effects of selenium on methylmercury toxicity have been publicized, particularly for saltwater fish. We examine levels of mercury and selenium in several species of fish and seabirds from the Aleutians (Alaska), determine selenium:mercury molar ratios, and examine species-specific and individual variation in the ratios as a means of exploring the use of the ratio in risk assessment and risk management. Variation among species was similar for mercury and selenium. There was significant interspecific and intraspecific variation in selenium:mercury molar ratios for fish, and for birds. The mean selenium:mercury molar ratios for all fish and bird species were above 1, meaning there was an excess of selenium relative to mercury. It has been suggested that an excess of selenium confers some protective advantage for salt water fish, although the degree of excess necessary is unclear. The selenium:mercury molar ratio was significantly correlated negatively with total length for most fish species, but not for dolly varden. Some individuals of Pacific cod, yellow irish lord, rock greenling, Pacific halibut, dolly varden, and to a lesser extent, flathead sole, had selenium:mercury ratios below 1. No bird muscle had an excess of mercury (ratio below 1), and only glaucous-winged gull and pigeon guillemot had ratios between 1 and 5. There was a great deal of variation in selenium:mercury molar ratios within fish species, and within bird species, making it difficult and impractical to use these ratios in risk assessment or management, for fish advisories, or for consumers, particularly given the difficulty of interpreting the ratios.
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abstract = {A number of factors affect the consumption risk from mercury in fish, including mercury levels, seasonal patterns of mercury concentrations, human consumption patterns, and sensitive populations (e.g. pregnant women, fetuses, young children, and yet unknown genetic factors). Recently the protective effects of selenium on methylmercury toxicity have been publicized, particularly for saltwater fish. We examine levels of mercury and selenium in several species of fish and seabirds from the Aleutians (Alaska), determine selenium:mercury molar ratios, and examine species-specific and individual variation in the ratios as a means of exploring the use of the ratio in risk assessment and risk management. Variation among species was similar for mercury and selenium. There was significant interspecific and intraspecific variation in selenium:mercury molar ratios for fish, and for birds. The mean selenium:mercury molar ratios for all fish and bird species were above 1, meaning there was an excess of selenium relative to mercury. It has been suggested that an excess of selenium confers some protective advantage for salt water fish, although the degree of excess necessary is unclear. The selenium:mercury molar ratio was significantly correlated negatively with total length for most fish species, but not for dolly varden. Some individuals of Pacific cod, yellow irish lord, rock greenling, Pacific halibut, dolly varden, and to a lesser extent, flathead sole, had selenium:mercury ratios below 1. No bird muscle had an excess of mercury (ratio below 1), and only glaucous-winged gull and pigeon guillemot had ratios between 1 and 5. There was a great deal of variation in selenium:mercury molar ratios within fish species, and within bird species, making it difficult and impractical to use these ratios in risk assessment or management, for fish advisories, or for consumers, particularly given the difficulty of interpreting the ratios.},
bibtype = {article},
author = {Burger, Joanna and Gochfeld, Michael and Jeitner, Christian and Donio, Mark and Pittfield, Taryn},
journal = {The Science of the total environment}
}Mercury levels in feathers of Magellanic penguins.pdf. Frias, J., E., Gil, M., N., Esteves, J., L., García, P., Kane, O., J., Smith, J., R., & Boersma, P., D. 64:1265-1269, 2012.
bibtex
bibtex
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title = {Mercury levels in feathers of Magellanic penguins.pdf},
type = {article},
year = {2012},
pages = {1265-1269},
volume = {64},
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author = {Frias, Jorgelina E and Gil, Mónica N and Esteves, José L and García, Pablo and Kane, Olivia J and Smith, Jeff R and Boersma, P Dee},
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}Mercury in different feather types from Great Cormorants (Phalacrocorax carbo L.) inhabiting the Vistula Lagoon ecosystem in Poland. Misztal-Szkudlińska, M., Szefer, P., Konieczka, P., & Namiesńik, J. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 89(4):841-844, 2012.
abstract bibtex
abstract bibtex
Total mercury levels in different feather types (down, contour, tail and flight) in Great Cormorants (Phalacrocorax carbo L.) were determined using CV-AAS. Feathers from Great Cormorants inhabiting the Vistula Lagoon ecosystem have an average Hg level of 7.14 ± 3.99 (μg/g w.w.). Age-dependent concentrations of Hg were statistically significant (ANOVA Kruskal-Wallis, p < 0.0001). There were also significant differences in Hg levels in different parts of feathers from adults and immature birds (ANOVA Kruskal-Wallis, p < 0.0001). Cormorant chick feathers appear to be a potential biomonitor of Hg pollution in the Vistula Lagoon ecosystem, but this subject requires further research.
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abstract = {Total mercury levels in different feather types (down, contour, tail and flight) in Great Cormorants (Phalacrocorax carbo L.) were determined using CV-AAS. Feathers from Great Cormorants inhabiting the Vistula Lagoon ecosystem have an average Hg level of 7.14 ± 3.99 (μg/g w.w.). Age-dependent concentrations of Hg were statistically significant (ANOVA Kruskal-Wallis, p < 0.0001). There were also significant differences in Hg levels in different parts of feathers from adults and immature birds (ANOVA Kruskal-Wallis, p < 0.0001). Cormorant chick feathers appear to be a potential biomonitor of Hg pollution in the Vistula Lagoon ecosystem, but this subject requires further research.},
bibtype = {article},
author = {Misztal-Szkudlińska, Malgorzata and Szefer, Piotr and Konieczka, Piotr and Namiesńik, Jacek},
journal = {Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology},
number = {4}
}The interaction rainfall vs. weight as determinant of total mercury concentration in fish from a tropical estuary. Barletta, M., Lucena, L., R., Costa, M., F., Barbosa-Cintra, S., C., & Cysneiros, F., J. Environmental Pollution, 167:1-6, Elsevier Ltd, 2012.
Website abstract bibtex
Website abstract bibtex Mercury loads in tropical estuaries are largely controlled by the rainfall regime that may cause biodilution due to increased amounts of organic matter (both live and non-living) in the system. Top predators, as Trichiurus lepturus, reflect the changing mercury bioavailability situations in their muscle tissues. In this work two variables [fish weight (g) and monthly total rainfall (mm)] are presented as being important predictors of total mercury concentration (T-Hg) in fish muscle. These important explanatory variables were identified by a Weibull Regression model, which best fit the dataset. A predictive model using readily available variables as rainfall is important, and can be applied for human and ecological health assessments and decisions. The main contribution will be to further protect vulnerable groups as pregnant women and children. Nature conservation directives could also improve by considering monitoring sample designs that include this hypothesis, helping to establish complete and detailed mercury contamination scenarios. © 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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title = {The interaction rainfall vs. weight as determinant of total mercury concentration in fish from a tropical estuary},
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abstract = {Mercury loads in tropical estuaries are largely controlled by the rainfall regime that may cause biodilution due to increased amounts of organic matter (both live and non-living) in the system. Top predators, as Trichiurus lepturus, reflect the changing mercury bioavailability situations in their muscle tissues. In this work two variables [fish weight (g) and monthly total rainfall (mm)] are presented as being important predictors of total mercury concentration (T-Hg) in fish muscle. These important explanatory variables were identified by a Weibull Regression model, which best fit the dataset. A predictive model using readily available variables as rainfall is important, and can be applied for human and ecological health assessments and decisions. The main contribution will be to further protect vulnerable groups as pregnant women and children. Nature conservation directives could also improve by considering monitoring sample designs that include this hypothesis, helping to establish complete and detailed mercury contamination scenarios. © 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.},
bibtype = {article},
author = {Barletta, M. and Lucena, L. R.R. and Costa, M. F. and Barbosa-Cintra, S. C.T. and Cysneiros, F. J.A.},
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}2011 (7)
Total mercury in stranded marine mammals from the Oregon and southern Washington coasts. Wintle, N., J., P., Duffield, D., a., Barros Deceased, N., B., Jones, R., D., & Rice, J., M. Marine Mammal Science, 27(4):E268-E278, 10, 2011.
Website bibtex
Website bibtex @article{
title = {Total mercury in stranded marine mammals from the Oregon and southern Washington coasts},
type = {article},
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websites = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/j.1748-7692.2010.00461.x},
month = {10},
day = {17},
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notes = {<b>From Duplicate 1 ( <i>Total mercury in stranded marine mammals from the Oregon and southern Washington coasts</i> - Wintle, Nathan J. P.; Duffield, Deborah a.; Barros Deceased, Nélio B.; Jones, Ronald D.; Rice, James M. )<br/>And Duplicate 2 ( <i>Total mercury in stranded marine mammals from the Oregon and southern Washington coasts</i> - Wintle, Nathan J. P.; Duffield, Deborah a.; Barros Deceased, Nélio B.; Jones, Ronald D.; Rice, James M. )<br/></b>},
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private_publication = {false},
bibtype = {article},
author = {Wintle, Nathan J. P. and Duffield, Deborah a. and Barros Deceased, Nélio B. and Jones, Ronald D. and Rice, James M.},
journal = {Marine Mammal Science},
number = {4}
}Mercury in Egg and Eggshell of Whiskered Tern (Chlidonias hybrida) from Anzali Wetlands of the Caspian Sea, Iran. Aliakbari, A., Savabieasfahani, M., & Ghasempouri, S. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol, 62(3):301-306, 2011.
abstract bibtex
abstract bibtex
Abstract Mercury content of egg and eggshell from Whiskered Terns of Anzali wetlands of the Caspian Sea were determined. Mercury levels in egg content of both abandoned (433 ± 4) and non-abandoned (459 ± 15) eggs were 150 times greater than eggshells. Eggshell thickness differed between non-abandoned (0.5 ± 0.03) and aban- doned eggs (0.6 ± 0.5) (p\0.001). No significant asso- ciation was found between shell Hg and shell thickness in this study. There was significantly more Hg in egg content than in shell (p\0.001). Mercury levels in eggs did not exceed the levels associated with adverse reproductive effects.
@article{
title = {Mercury in Egg and Eggshell of Whiskered Tern (Chlidonias hybrida) from Anzali Wetlands of the Caspian Sea, Iran},
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abstract = {Abstract Mercury content of egg and eggshell from Whiskered Terns of Anzali wetlands of the Caspian Sea were determined. Mercury levels in egg content of both abandoned (433 ± 4) and non-abandoned (459 ± 15) eggs were 150 times greater than eggshells. Eggshell thickness differed between non-abandoned (0.5 ± 0.03) and aban- doned eggs (0.6 ± 0.5) (p\0.001). No significant asso- ciation was found between shell Hg and shell thickness in this study. There was significantly more Hg in egg content than in shell (p\0.001). Mercury levels in eggs did not exceed the levels associated with adverse reproductive effects.},
bibtype = {article},
author = {Aliakbari, A. and Savabieasfahani, M. and Ghasempouri, S.M.},
journal = {Bull Environ Contam Toxicol},
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}Mercury in blood and eggs of the sea turtle Lepidochelys olivacea from a nesting colony in Oaxaca, Mexico. Páez-Osuna, F., Calderón-Campuzano, M., F., Soto-Jiménez, M., F., & Ruelas-Inzunza, J. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 62(6):1320-1323, Elsevier Ltd, 2011.
Website abstract bibtex
Website abstract bibtex Mercury concentrations were assessed in the sea turtle Lepidochelys olivacea from a nesting colony of Oaxaca, Mexico; 25 female turtles were sampled, a total of 250 eggs were collected during the season 2005-2006. Higher concentrations were found in yolk fraction, while in blood and albumen mean levels were below of 0.0010μgg-1 dry wt. On the basis of one nesting season, the maternal transfer of Hg via eggs-laying was estimated in 2.0±1.1%. According to international norms, the health of this population and its habitats is acceptable for Hg and corresponds to baseline levels of a nearly pristine environment. © 2011 Elsevier Ltd.
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abstract = {Mercury concentrations were assessed in the sea turtle Lepidochelys olivacea from a nesting colony of Oaxaca, Mexico; 25 female turtles were sampled, a total of 250 eggs were collected during the season 2005-2006. Higher concentrations were found in yolk fraction, while in blood and albumen mean levels were below of 0.0010μgg-1 dry wt. On the basis of one nesting season, the maternal transfer of Hg via eggs-laying was estimated in 2.0±1.1%. According to international norms, the health of this population and its habitats is acceptable for Hg and corresponds to baseline levels of a nearly pristine environment. © 2011 Elsevier Ltd.},
bibtype = {article},
author = {Páez-Osuna, F. and Calderón-Campuzano, M. F. and Soto-Jiménez, M. F. and Ruelas-Inzunza, J.},
journal = {Marine Pollution Bulletin},
number = {6}
}Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and mercury in fish from lakes of the Tibetan Plateau. Yang, R., Jing, C., Zhang, Q., Wang, Z., Wang, Y., Li, Y., & Jiang, G. Chemosphere, 83(6):862-7, Elsevier Ltd, 4, 2011.
Website abstract bibtex
Website abstract bibtex High mountains may act as cold traps for globally transported persistent organic pollutants (POPs) and mercury (Hg). In the present study, 60 fish samples were collected from eight alpine lakes across the Tibetan Plateau. Concentrations of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), total mercury (HgT) and methyl mercury (MeHg) were quantified in the fish muscle tissues to improve the understanding of pollution status and factors regulating the transport and fate of these contaminants on the Plateau. The results showed that lake-averaged ∑(14)PBDEs concentration was between 0.09ngg(-1) dw and 4.32ngg(-1) dw, which was lower than those reported for European mountains. The total mercury concentration in individual fish ranged from 243 to 2384ngg(-1) dw, and that of MeHg from 131 to 1610ngg(-1) dw, which is much higher than those reported in other mountain fish. The spatial variation of PBDEs and mercury in the Plateau is largely controlled by the specific meteorological patterns.
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abstract = {High mountains may act as cold traps for globally transported persistent organic pollutants (POPs) and mercury (Hg). In the present study, 60 fish samples were collected from eight alpine lakes across the Tibetan Plateau. Concentrations of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), total mercury (HgT) and methyl mercury (MeHg) were quantified in the fish muscle tissues to improve the understanding of pollution status and factors regulating the transport and fate of these contaminants on the Plateau. The results showed that lake-averaged ∑(14)PBDEs concentration was between 0.09ngg(-1) dw and 4.32ngg(-1) dw, which was lower than those reported for European mountains. The total mercury concentration in individual fish ranged from 243 to 2384ngg(-1) dw, and that of MeHg from 131 to 1610ngg(-1) dw, which is much higher than those reported in other mountain fish. The spatial variation of PBDEs and mercury in the Plateau is largely controlled by the specific meteorological patterns.},
bibtype = {article},
author = {Yang, Ruiqiang and Jing, Chuanyong and Zhang, Qinghua and Wang, Zhenhua and Wang, Yawei and Li, Yingming and Jiang, Guibin},
journal = {Chemosphere},
number = {6},
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}Content and character of metal accumulation in fish of the Kichera River (a tributary of Lake Baikal). Pintaeva, E., T., Bazarsadueva, S., V., Radnaeva, L., D., Petrov, E., a., & Smirnova, O., G. Contemporary Problems of Ecology, 4(1):64-68, 2, 2011.
Website bibtex
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title = {Content and character of metal accumulation in fish of the Kichera River (a tributary of Lake Baikal)},
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month = {2},
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bibtype = {article},
author = {Pintaeva, E. Ts. and Bazarsadueva, S. V. and Radnaeva, L. D. and Petrov, E. a. and Smirnova, O. G.},
journal = {Contemporary Problems of Ecology},
number = {1}
}Elemental contaminants in livers of mute swans on lakes Erie and St. Clair. Schummer, M., L., Petrie, S., a., Badzinski, S., S., Deming, M., Chen, Y., & Belzile, N. Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology, 61(4):677-87, 11, 2011.
Website abstract bibtex
Website abstract bibtex Contaminant inputs to the lower Great Lakes (LGL) have decreased since the 1960s and 1970s, but elemental contaminants continue to enter the LGL watershed at levels that are potentially deleterious to migratory waterfowl. Mute swans (Cygnus olor) using the LGL primarily eat plants, are essentially nonmigratory, forage exclusively in aquatic systems, and have increased substantially in number in the last few decades. Therefore, mute swans are an ideal sentinel species for monitoring elemental contaminants available to herbivorous and omnivorous waterfowl that use the LGL. We investigated hepatic concentrations, seasonal dynamics, and correlations of elements in mute swans (n = 50) collected at Long Point, Lake Erie, and Lake St. Clair from 2001 to 2004. Elements detected in liver at levels potentially harmful to waterfowl were copper (Cu) [range 60.3 to 6063.0 μg g(-1) dry weight (dw)] and selenium (SE; range 1.6 to 37.3 μg g(-1) dw). Decreases in aluminum, Se, and mercury (Hg) concentrations were detected from spring (nesting) through winter (nonbreeding). Elemental contaminants may be more available to waterfowl during spring than fall and winter, but study of seasonal availability of elements within LGL aquatic systems is necessary. From April to June, 68% of mute swans had Se levels >10 μg g(-1), whereas only 18% of swans contained these elevated levels of Se from July to March. An increase in the number of mute swans at the LGL despite elevated levels of Cu and Se suggests that these burdens do not substantially limit their reproduction or survival. Se was correlated with Cu (r = 0.85, p < 0.01) and Hg (r = 0.65, p < 0.01), which might indicate interaction between these elements. Some element interactions decrease the toxicity of both elements involved in the interaction. We recommend continued research of elemental contaminant concentrations, including detailed analyses of biological pathways and element forms (e.g., methylmercury) in LGL waterfowl to help determine the role of element interactions on their toxicity in waterfowl.
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title = {Elemental contaminants in livers of mute swans on lakes Erie and St. Clair.},
type = {article},
year = {2011},
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pages = {677-87},
volume = {61},
websites = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21424222},
month = {11},
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abstract = {Contaminant inputs to the lower Great Lakes (LGL) have decreased since the 1960s and 1970s, but elemental contaminants continue to enter the LGL watershed at levels that are potentially deleterious to migratory waterfowl. Mute swans (Cygnus olor) using the LGL primarily eat plants, are essentially nonmigratory, forage exclusively in aquatic systems, and have increased substantially in number in the last few decades. Therefore, mute swans are an ideal sentinel species for monitoring elemental contaminants available to herbivorous and omnivorous waterfowl that use the LGL. We investigated hepatic concentrations, seasonal dynamics, and correlations of elements in mute swans (n = 50) collected at Long Point, Lake Erie, and Lake St. Clair from 2001 to 2004. Elements detected in liver at levels potentially harmful to waterfowl were copper (Cu) [range 60.3 to 6063.0 μg g(-1) dry weight (dw)] and selenium (SE; range 1.6 to 37.3 μg g(-1) dw). Decreases in aluminum, Se, and mercury (Hg) concentrations were detected from spring (nesting) through winter (nonbreeding). Elemental contaminants may be more available to waterfowl during spring than fall and winter, but study of seasonal availability of elements within LGL aquatic systems is necessary. From April to June, 68% of mute swans had Se levels >10 μg g(-1), whereas only 18% of swans contained these elevated levels of Se from July to March. An increase in the number of mute swans at the LGL despite elevated levels of Cu and Se suggests that these burdens do not substantially limit their reproduction or survival. Se was correlated with Cu (r = 0.85, p < 0.01) and Hg (r = 0.65, p < 0.01), which might indicate interaction between these elements. Some element interactions decrease the toxicity of both elements involved in the interaction. We recommend continued research of elemental contaminant concentrations, including detailed analyses of biological pathways and element forms (e.g., methylmercury) in LGL waterfowl to help determine the role of element interactions on their toxicity in waterfowl.},
bibtype = {article},
author = {Schummer, Michael L and Petrie, Scott a and Badzinski, Shannon S and Deming, Misty and Chen, Yu-Wei and Belzile, Nelson},
journal = {Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology},
number = {4}
}Superpredation increases mercury levels in a generalist top predator, the eagle owl. Lourenço, R., Tavares, P., C., del Mar Delgado, M., Rabaça, J., E., & Penteriani, V. Ecotoxicology, 20(4):635-642, 6, 2011.
Website abstract bibtex
Website abstract bibtex Superpredation can increase the length of the food chain and potentially lead to mercury (Hg) bioaccumulation in top predators. We analysed the relationship of Hg concentrations in eagle owls Bubo bubo to diet composition and the percentage of mesopredators in the diet. Hg levels were measured in the adult feathers of eagle owls from 33 owl territories in the south-western Iberian Peninsula, and in three trophic levels of their prey: primary consumers, secondary consumers and mesopredators. In addition, we studied 6,181 prey in the eagle owl diet. Hg concentrations increased along the food chain, but the concentrations in eagle owls showed considerable variation. The Hg concentration in eagle owls increased when the percentage of mesopredators in the diet increased and the percentage of primary consumers decreased. Superpredation is often related to food stress, and the associated increase in accumulation of Hg may cause additional negative effects on vertebrate top predators. Hg levels in these eagle owl populations are relatively low, but future monitoring is recommended.
@article{
title = {Superpredation increases mercury levels in a generalist top predator, the eagle owl},
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year = {2011},
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abstract = {Superpredation can increase the length of the food chain and potentially lead to mercury (Hg) bioaccumulation in top predators. We analysed the relationship of Hg concentrations in eagle owls Bubo bubo to diet composition and the percentage of mesopredators in the diet. Hg levels were measured in the adult feathers of eagle owls from 33 owl territories in the south-western Iberian Peninsula, and in three trophic levels of their prey: primary consumers, secondary consumers and mesopredators. In addition, we studied 6,181 prey in the eagle owl diet. Hg concentrations increased along the food chain, but the concentrations in eagle owls showed considerable variation. The Hg concentration in eagle owls increased when the percentage of mesopredators in the diet increased and the percentage of primary consumers decreased. Superpredation is often related to food stress, and the associated increase in accumulation of Hg may cause additional negative effects on vertebrate top predators. Hg levels in these eagle owl populations are relatively low, but future monitoring is recommended.},
bibtype = {article},
author = {Lourenço, Rui and Tavares, Paula C and del Mar Delgado, Maria and Rabaça, João E and Penteriani, Vincenzo},
journal = {Ecotoxicology},
number = {4}
}2010 (1)
Exposure assessment for mercury from consumption of marine fish in Iran. Moallem, S., a., Karimi, G., Khayyat, M., H., Bozorgi, M., Nili-Ahmadabadi, A., & Nazari, F. Toxicological & Environmental Chemistry, 92(6):1213-1218, 7, 2010.
Website bibtex
Website bibtex @article{
title = {Exposure assessment for mercury from consumption of marine fish in Iran},
type = {article},
year = {2010},
identifiers = {[object Object]},
pages = {1213-1218},
volume = {92},
websites = {http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/02772240903233595},
month = {7},
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bibtype = {article},
author = {Moallem, S. a. and Karimi, G. and Khayyat, M. Hasanzadeh and Bozorgi, M. and Nili-Ahmadabadi, A. and Nazari, F.},
journal = {Toxicological & Environmental Chemistry},
number = {6},
keywords = {B0208,GBMS}
}2009 (4)
Hg concentrations and related risk assessment in coral reef crustaceans, molluscs and fish from New Caledonia. Chouvelon, T., Warnau, M., Churlaud, C., & Bustamante, P. Environmental Pollution, 157(1):331-340, Elsevier Ltd, 2009.
Website abstract bibtex
Website abstract bibtex There is a dramatic lack of data on Hg levels in marine organisms from tropical areas, and in particular from New Caledonia. For the first time, this study reports the total Hg concentrations in the tissues of several marine taxa from the New Caledonian lagoon. Seafood from both wild and farmed populations was considered. Hg concentrations varied over three orders of magnitudes according to factors including species, age (size/weight), trophic level, lifestyle and geographical origin. Taking into account the edible tissues, estimations of the amount of flesh that should be consumed by a 60-kg person to reach the Hg Provisional Tolerable Weekly Intake (PTWI) reveal acceptable risk for Human health in general. However, a risk was clearly identified in one site of the lagoon (i.e. Grande Rade) where high Hg concentrations were measured. These concentrations were higher than values reported in the current literature.
@article{
title = {Hg concentrations and related risk assessment in coral reef crustaceans, molluscs and fish from New Caledonia},
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abstract = {There is a dramatic lack of data on Hg levels in marine organisms from tropical areas, and in particular from New Caledonia. For the first time, this study reports the total Hg concentrations in the tissues of several marine taxa from the New Caledonian lagoon. Seafood from both wild and farmed populations was considered. Hg concentrations varied over three orders of magnitudes according to factors including species, age (size/weight), trophic level, lifestyle and geographical origin. Taking into account the edible tissues, estimations of the amount of flesh that should be consumed by a 60-kg person to reach the Hg Provisional Tolerable Weekly Intake (PTWI) reveal acceptable risk for Human health in general. However, a risk was clearly identified in one site of the lagoon (i.e. Grande Rade) where high Hg concentrations were measured. These concentrations were higher than values reported in the current literature.},
bibtype = {article},
author = {Chouvelon, Tiphaine and Warnau, Michel and Churlaud, Carine and Bustamante, Paco},
journal = {Environmental Pollution},
number = {1}
}Environmental contaminants in Canadian shorebirds. Braune, B., M. & Noble, D., G. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 148(1-4):185-204, 2009.
abstract bibtex
abstract bibtex
Canadian shorebirds are exposed to environmental contaminants throughout their annual cycle. Contaminant exposure among species varies with diet, foraging behaviour and migration patterns. We sampled twelve species of shorebirds from four locations across Canada to assess their exposure to PCBs, organochlorine pesticides, as well as four trace elements (Hg, Se, Cd, As). SigmaPCB and SigmaDDT followed by SigmaCHL were most frequently found above trace level in the shorebird carcasses. In general, the plover species (American golden, semipalmated, black-bellied) appear to be the most contaminated with organochlorines, whereas Hudsonian and marbled godwits appear to be the least contaminated. Among adult birds, the greater and lesser yellowlegs had the highest hepatic Hg concentrations (2.4-2.7 microg g(-1) dw), whereas American golden plovers as well as Hudsonian and marbled godwits contained relatively low levels of Hg (<1 microg g(-1) dw). Renal Se concentrations varied from 3.2 to 16.7 microg g(-1) dw and exhibited little interspecific or seasonal variation. Renal Cd levels in adult birds were highest in Hudsonian godwits from Quill Lakes (43 microg g(-1) dw) and Cape Churchill (12 microg g(-1) dw), and lowest (0.8-1.5 microg g(-1) dw) in greater and lesser yellowlegs from Cape Churchill and Bay of Fundy. Renal As concentrations varied from 0.06 microg g(-1) dw in golden plovers from Cape Churchill to 4.6 and 5.1 microg g(-1) dw in dunlin samples from the Pacific coast. There is no evidence that contaminants were adversely affecting the shorebirds sampled from the Canadian locations in this study.
@article{
title = {Environmental contaminants in Canadian shorebirds},
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abstract = {Canadian shorebirds are exposed to environmental contaminants throughout their annual cycle. Contaminant exposure among species varies with diet, foraging behaviour and migration patterns. We sampled twelve species of shorebirds from four locations across Canada to assess their exposure to PCBs, organochlorine pesticides, as well as four trace elements (Hg, Se, Cd, As). SigmaPCB and SigmaDDT followed by SigmaCHL were most frequently found above trace level in the shorebird carcasses. In general, the plover species (American golden, semipalmated, black-bellied) appear to be the most contaminated with organochlorines, whereas Hudsonian and marbled godwits appear to be the least contaminated. Among adult birds, the greater and lesser yellowlegs had the highest hepatic Hg concentrations (2.4-2.7 microg g(-1) dw), whereas American golden plovers as well as Hudsonian and marbled godwits contained relatively low levels of Hg (<1 microg g(-1) dw). Renal Se concentrations varied from 3.2 to 16.7 microg g(-1) dw and exhibited little interspecific or seasonal variation. Renal Cd levels in adult birds were highest in Hudsonian godwits from Quill Lakes (43 microg g(-1) dw) and Cape Churchill (12 microg g(-1) dw), and lowest (0.8-1.5 microg g(-1) dw) in greater and lesser yellowlegs from Cape Churchill and Bay of Fundy. Renal As concentrations varied from 0.06 microg g(-1) dw in golden plovers from Cape Churchill to 4.6 and 5.1 microg g(-1) dw in dunlin samples from the Pacific coast. There is no evidence that contaminants were adversely affecting the shorebirds sampled from the Canadian locations in this study.},
bibtype = {article},
author = {Braune, Birgit M. and Noble, David G.},
journal = {Environmental Monitoring and Assessment},
number = {1-4}
}Difference of mercury bioaccumulation in red mullets from the north-western Mediterranean and Black seas. Harmelin-Vivien, M., Cossa, D., Crochet, S., Bănaru, D., Letourneur, Y., & Mellon-Duval, C. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 58(5):679-85, 5, 2009.
Website abstract bibtex
Website abstract bibtex The relationships between total mercury (Hg) concentration and stable nitrogen isotope ratio (delta(15)N) were evaluated in Mullus barbatus barbatus and M. surmuletus from the Mediterranean Sea and M. barbatus ponticus from the Black Sea. Mercury concentration in fish muscle was six times higher in the two Mediterranean species than in the Black Sea one for similar sized animals. A positive correlation between Hg concentration and delta(15)N occurred in all species. Increase in Hg concentration with delta(15)N was high and similar in the two Mediterranean fishes and much lower in the Black Sea species. Since this was neither related to trophic level difference between species nor to methylmercury (MeHg) concentration differences between the north-western Mediterranean and the Black Sea waters, we suggested that the higher primary production of the Black Sea induced a dilution of MeHg concentration at the base of the food webs.
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title = {Difference of mercury bioaccumulation in red mullets from the north-western Mediterranean and Black seas.},
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abstract = {The relationships between total mercury (Hg) concentration and stable nitrogen isotope ratio (delta(15)N) were evaluated in Mullus barbatus barbatus and M. surmuletus from the Mediterranean Sea and M. barbatus ponticus from the Black Sea. Mercury concentration in fish muscle was six times higher in the two Mediterranean species than in the Black Sea one for similar sized animals. A positive correlation between Hg concentration and delta(15)N occurred in all species. Increase in Hg concentration with delta(15)N was high and similar in the two Mediterranean fishes and much lower in the Black Sea species. Since this was neither related to trophic level difference between species nor to methylmercury (MeHg) concentration differences between the north-western Mediterranean and the Black Sea waters, we suggested that the higher primary production of the Black Sea induced a dilution of MeHg concentration at the base of the food webs.},
bibtype = {article},
author = {Harmelin-Vivien, M and Cossa, D and Crochet, S and Bănaru, D and Letourneur, Y and Mellon-Duval, C},
journal = {Marine Pollution Bulletin},
number = {5}
}Organic and total mercury in muscle tissue of five aquatic birds with different feeding habits from the SE Gulf of California, Mexico. Ruelas-Inzunza, J., Hernández-Osuna, J., & Páez-Osuna, F. Chemosphere, 76(3):415-418, Elsevier Ltd, 2009.
Website abstract bibtex
Website abstract bibtex We measured organic and total Hg in muscle tissue of five species of aquatic birds from the south-eastern gulf of California region, Mexico. Concentrations of total and organic Hg measured in Pelecanus occidentalis were the highest (2.85 and 2.68 ??g g-1); lowest values of organic Hg (0.20 ??g g-1) and total Hg (0.47 ??g g-1) were detected in Anas discors and Anas clypeata, respectively. Differences of Hg levels were related to feeding habits, being concentrations in birds of piscivorous habits more elevated than corresponding values in non-piscivorous species. ?? 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
@article{
title = {Organic and total mercury in muscle tissue of five aquatic birds with different feeding habits from the SE Gulf of California, Mexico},
type = {article},
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abstract = {We measured organic and total Hg in muscle tissue of five species of aquatic birds from the south-eastern gulf of California region, Mexico. Concentrations of total and organic Hg measured in Pelecanus occidentalis were the highest (2.85 and 2.68 ??g g-1); lowest values of organic Hg (0.20 ??g g-1) and total Hg (0.47 ??g g-1) were detected in Anas discors and Anas clypeata, respectively. Differences of Hg levels were related to feeding habits, being concentrations in birds of piscivorous habits more elevated than corresponding values in non-piscivorous species. ?? 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.},
bibtype = {article},
author = {Ruelas-Inzunza, J. and Hernández-Osuna, J. and Páez-Osuna, F.},
journal = {Chemosphere},
number = {3}
}2008 (7)
Survival of postfledging Forster's Terns in relation to mercury exposure in San Francisco Bay. Ackerman, J., T., Eagles-Smith, C., A., Takekawa, J., Y., & Iverson, S., A. Ecotoxicology, 17(8):789-801, 11, 2008.
abstract bibtex
abstract bibtex
We examined factors influencing mercury concentrations in 90 fledgling Forster's terns (Sterna forsteri) and evaluated whether mercury influenced postfledging survival in San Francisco Bay, California. Mercury concentrations (+/- SE) in chicks 21-29 days old (just before fledging) were 0.33 +/- 0.01 microg g(-1) ww for blood and 6.44 +/- 0.28 microg g(-1) fw for breast feathers. Colony site had an overriding influence on fledgling contamination, however hatching date and age also affected blood, but not feather, mercury concentrations. Blood mercury concentrations decreased by 28% during the 50-day hatching period and increased with chick age by 30% during the last week prior to fledging. Using radio-telemetry, we calculated that cumulative survival during the 35-day postfledging time period was 0.81 +/- 0.09 (SE). Postfledging survival rates increased with size-adjusted mass, and cumulative survival probability was 61% lower for terns with the lowest, compared to the highest, observed masses. Conversely, survival was not influenced by blood mercury concentration, time since fledging, sex, or hatch date. Mercury concentrations in breast feathers of fledglings found dead at nesting colonies also were no different than those in live chicks. Our results indicate that colony site, hatching date, and age influenced mercury concentrations in fledgling Forster's terns, but that mercury did not influence postfledging survival.
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title = {Survival of postfledging Forster's Terns in relation to mercury exposure in San Francisco Bay},
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abstract = {We examined factors influencing mercury concentrations in 90 fledgling Forster's terns (Sterna forsteri) and evaluated whether mercury influenced postfledging survival in San Francisco Bay, California. Mercury concentrations (+/- SE) in chicks 21-29 days old (just before fledging) were 0.33 +/- 0.01 microg g(-1) ww for blood and 6.44 +/- 0.28 microg g(-1) fw for breast feathers. Colony site had an overriding influence on fledgling contamination, however hatching date and age also affected blood, but not feather, mercury concentrations. Blood mercury concentrations decreased by 28% during the 50-day hatching period and increased with chick age by 30% during the last week prior to fledging. Using radio-telemetry, we calculated that cumulative survival during the 35-day postfledging time period was 0.81 +/- 0.09 (SE). Postfledging survival rates increased with size-adjusted mass, and cumulative survival probability was 61% lower for terns with the lowest, compared to the highest, observed masses. Conversely, survival was not influenced by blood mercury concentration, time since fledging, sex, or hatch date. Mercury concentrations in breast feathers of fledglings found dead at nesting colonies also were no different than those in live chicks. Our results indicate that colony site, hatching date, and age influenced mercury concentrations in fledgling Forster's terns, but that mercury did not influence postfledging survival.},
bibtype = {article},
author = {Ackerman, Joshua T. and Eagles-Smith, Collin A. and Takekawa, John Y. and Iverson, Samuel A.},
journal = {Ecotoxicology},
number = {8}
}Mercury correlations among six tissues for four waterbird species breeding in San Francisco Bay, California, USA. Eagles-Smith, C., A., Ackerman, J., T., Adelsbach, T., L., Takekawa, J., Y., Miles, A., K., & Keister, R., A. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 27(10):2136-2153, 10, 2008.
Website abstract bibtex
Website abstract bibtex Despite a large body of research concerning mercury (Hg) in birds, no single tissue has been used consistently to assess Hg exposure, and this has hampered comparisons across studies. We evaluated the relationships of Hg concentrations among tissues in four species of waterbirds (American avocets [Recurvirostra americana], black-necked stilts [Himantopus mexicanus], Caspian terns [Hydroprogne caspia; formerly Sterna caspia], and Forster's terns [Sterna forsteri]) and across three life stages (prebreeding adults, breeding adults, and chicks) in San Francisco Bay, California, USA. Across species and life stages, Hg concentrations (least square mean +/- standard error) were highest in head feathers (6.45 +/- 0.31 microg/g dry wt) and breast feathers (5.76 +/- 0.28 microg/g dry wt), followed by kidney (4.54 +/- 0.22 microg/g dry wt), liver (4.43 +/- 0.21 microg/g dry wt), blood (3.10 +/- 0.15 microg/g dry wt), and muscle (1.67 +/- 0.08 microg/g dry wt). Relative Hg distribution among tissues, however, differed by species and life stage. Mercury concentrations were highly correlated among internal tissues (r2 > or = 0.89). Conversely, the relationships between Hg in feathers and internal tissues were substantially weaker (r2 < or = 0.42). Regression slopes sometimes differed among species and life stages, indicating that care must be used when predicting Hg concentrations in one tissue based on those in another. However, we found good agreement between predictions made using a general tissue-prediction equation and more specific equations developed for each species and life stage. Finally, our results suggest that blood is an excellent, nonlethal predictor of Hg concentrations in internal tissues but that feathers are relatively poor indicators of Hg concentrations in internal tissues.
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abstract = {Despite a large body of research concerning mercury (Hg) in birds, no single tissue has been used consistently to assess Hg exposure, and this has hampered comparisons across studies. We evaluated the relationships of Hg concentrations among tissues in four species of waterbirds (American avocets [Recurvirostra americana], black-necked stilts [Himantopus mexicanus], Caspian terns [Hydroprogne caspia; formerly Sterna caspia], and Forster's terns [Sterna forsteri]) and across three life stages (prebreeding adults, breeding adults, and chicks) in San Francisco Bay, California, USA. Across species and life stages, Hg concentrations (least square mean +/- standard error) were highest in head feathers (6.45 +/- 0.31 microg/g dry wt) and breast feathers (5.76 +/- 0.28 microg/g dry wt), followed by kidney (4.54 +/- 0.22 microg/g dry wt), liver (4.43 +/- 0.21 microg/g dry wt), blood (3.10 +/- 0.15 microg/g dry wt), and muscle (1.67 +/- 0.08 microg/g dry wt). Relative Hg distribution among tissues, however, differed by species and life stage. Mercury concentrations were highly correlated among internal tissues (r2 > or = 0.89). Conversely, the relationships between Hg in feathers and internal tissues were substantially weaker (r2 < or = 0.42). Regression slopes sometimes differed among species and life stages, indicating that care must be used when predicting Hg concentrations in one tissue based on those in another. However, we found good agreement between predictions made using a general tissue-prediction equation and more specific equations developed for each species and life stage. Finally, our results suggest that blood is an excellent, nonlethal predictor of Hg concentrations in internal tissues but that feathers are relatively poor indicators of Hg concentrations in internal tissues.},
bibtype = {article},
author = {Eagles-Smith, Collin A and Ackerman, Joshua T and Adelsbach, Terrence L and Takekawa, John Y and Miles, A Keith and Keister, Robin A},
journal = {Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry},
number = {10}
}Fish mercury development in relation to abiotic characteristics and carbon sources in a six-year-old, Brazilian reservoir. Tuomola, L., Niklasson, T., de Castro E Silva, E., & Hylander, L., D. The Science of the total environment, 390(1):177-87, 2, 2008.
Website abstract bibtex
Website abstract bibtex Time series on fish mercury (Hg) development are rare for hydroelectric reservoirs in the tropics. In the central-western part of Brazil, a hydroelectric reservoir, called Lago Manso, was completed in 1999 after that background levels of fish Hg concentrations had been determined. The development for the first 3 years was studied in 2002. The objective of the present study was to determine development of fish Hg concentrations for a second three-year period after flooding. The bioaccumulation factor and certain abiotic and biotic factors, possibly affecting the availability and accumulation of Hg, were also examined. The results show that Hg levels in fish from Lago Manso have increased more than five times compared to the background levels observed before construction of the reservoir. At the same time, dissolved organic carbon has increased while dissolved oxygen has decreased indicating enhanced bioavailability of Hg. In the reservoir, Salminus brasiliensis had in average a Hg content of 1.1 microg g(-1) f.w., Pseudoplatystoma fasciatum 1.2, Serrasalmus marginatus/spilopleura 0.9, and Brycon hilarii 0.6 microg g(-1) f.w. The average fish Hg contents were higher downstream, except for B. hilarii. In the reservoir, the average Hg content of each species was in 2005 always over the consumption limit (0.55 microg total Hg g(-1) f.w.) recommended by WHO. Therefore, the people living around Lago Manso should be informed of the health effects of Hg, and fish consumption recommendations should be carried out. The accumulation of Hg varies widely between species as shown by the bioaccumulation factor which ranges between 5.08 and 5.59 log units. The observed variation is explained by differences in diet and trophic position with piscivorous fish exhibiting the highest mean Hg concentration, followed by carnivorous and omnivorous species. Carbon isotope analyses imply that trophic position is not the only cause of the observed differences in Hg levels between omnivorous B. hilarii, having a diet partly based on C(4) plants, and carnivorous S. marginatus as well as piscivorous S. brasiliensis, whose carbon sources are depleted in (13)C. The fact that the species have different carbon sources indicates that they belong to different food chains.
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title = {Fish mercury development in relation to abiotic characteristics and carbon sources in a six-year-old, Brazilian reservoir.},
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abstract = {Time series on fish mercury (Hg) development are rare for hydroelectric reservoirs in the tropics. In the central-western part of Brazil, a hydroelectric reservoir, called Lago Manso, was completed in 1999 after that background levels of fish Hg concentrations had been determined. The development for the first 3 years was studied in 2002. The objective of the present study was to determine development of fish Hg concentrations for a second three-year period after flooding. The bioaccumulation factor and certain abiotic and biotic factors, possibly affecting the availability and accumulation of Hg, were also examined. The results show that Hg levels in fish from Lago Manso have increased more than five times compared to the background levels observed before construction of the reservoir. At the same time, dissolved organic carbon has increased while dissolved oxygen has decreased indicating enhanced bioavailability of Hg. In the reservoir, Salminus brasiliensis had in average a Hg content of 1.1 microg g(-1) f.w., Pseudoplatystoma fasciatum 1.2, Serrasalmus marginatus/spilopleura 0.9, and Brycon hilarii 0.6 microg g(-1) f.w. The average fish Hg contents were higher downstream, except for B. hilarii. In the reservoir, the average Hg content of each species was in 2005 always over the consumption limit (0.55 microg total Hg g(-1) f.w.) recommended by WHO. Therefore, the people living around Lago Manso should be informed of the health effects of Hg, and fish consumption recommendations should be carried out. The accumulation of Hg varies widely between species as shown by the bioaccumulation factor which ranges between 5.08 and 5.59 log units. The observed variation is explained by differences in diet and trophic position with piscivorous fish exhibiting the highest mean Hg concentration, followed by carnivorous and omnivorous species. Carbon isotope analyses imply that trophic position is not the only cause of the observed differences in Hg levels between omnivorous B. hilarii, having a diet partly based on C(4) plants, and carnivorous S. marginatus as well as piscivorous S. brasiliensis, whose carbon sources are depleted in (13)C. The fact that the species have different carbon sources indicates that they belong to different food chains.},
bibtype = {article},
author = {Tuomola, Leena and Niklasson, Terese and de Castro E Silva, Edinaldo and Hylander, Lars D},
journal = {The Science of the total environment},
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}Metal tissue levels in Steller sea lion (Eumetopias jubatus) pups. Holmes, A., L., Wise, S., S., Goertz, C., E., C., Dunn, J., L., Gulland, F., M., D., Gelatt, T., Beckmen, K., B., Burek, K., Atkinson, S., Bozza, M., Taylor, R., Zheng, T., Zhang, Y., Aboueissa, A., & Wise, J., P. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 56(8):1416-1421, 8, 2008.
Website abstract bibtex
Website abstract bibtex The endangered Western population of the Steller sea lion declined for three decades for uncertain reasons. We present baseline data of metal concentrations in pups as a first step towards investigating the potential threat of developmental exposures to contaminants. Seven metals were investigated: arsenic, cadmium, silver, aluminum, mercury, lead and vanadium. Vanadium was detected in only a single blubber sample. Mercury appears to be the most toxicologically significant metal with concentrations in the liver well above the current action level for mercury in fish. The concentrations of aluminum, arsenic, silver, cadmium and lead were present in one-fourth to two-thirds of all samples and were at either comparable or below concentrations previously reported. Neither gender nor region had a significant effect on metal burdens. Future work should consider metal concentrations in juveniles and adults and toxicological studies need to be performed to begin to assess the toxicity of these metals.
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abstract = {The endangered Western population of the Steller sea lion declined for three decades for uncertain reasons. We present baseline data of metal concentrations in pups as a first step towards investigating the potential threat of developmental exposures to contaminants. Seven metals were investigated: arsenic, cadmium, silver, aluminum, mercury, lead and vanadium. Vanadium was detected in only a single blubber sample. Mercury appears to be the most toxicologically significant metal with concentrations in the liver well above the current action level for mercury in fish. The concentrations of aluminum, arsenic, silver, cadmium and lead were present in one-fourth to two-thirds of all samples and were at either comparable or below concentrations previously reported. Neither gender nor region had a significant effect on metal burdens. Future work should consider metal concentrations in juveniles and adults and toxicological studies need to be performed to begin to assess the toxicity of these metals.},
bibtype = {article},
author = {Holmes, Amie L and Wise, Sandra S and Goertz, Caroline E C and Dunn, J Lawrence and Gulland, Frances M D and Gelatt, Tom and Beckmen, Kimberlee B and Burek, Kathy and Atkinson, Shannon and Bozza, Mary and Taylor, Robert and Zheng, Tongzhang and Zhang, Yawei and Aboueissa, Abouel-Makarim and Wise, John Pierce},
journal = {Marine Pollution Bulletin},
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}Nation-Wide Monitoring Mercury Residues in Freshwater and Estuarine Fish Tissue for Building the National Fish Contamination Survey System in Korea Background : Methods : Results : Conclusion :. Lee, J., Kim, C., Park, K., Choi, T., Lee, J., & Lee, K. Epidemiology, 2008.
bibtex
bibtex
@article{
title = {Nation-Wide Monitoring Mercury Residues in Freshwater and Estuarine Fish Tissue for Building the National Fish Contamination Survey System in Korea Background : Methods : Results : Conclusion :},
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journal = {Epidemiology},
keywords = {E0297,GBMS}
}Adverse effects from environmental mercury loads on breeding Common Loons. Evers, D., C., Savoy, L., J., DeSorbo, C., R., Yates, D., E., Hanson, W., Taylor, K., M., Siegel, L., S., Cooley, J., H., Bank, M., S., Major, A., Munney, K., Mower, B., F., Vogel, H., S., Schoch, N., Pokras, M., Goodale, M., W., & Fair, J. Ecotoxicology, 17(2):69-81, 2008.
abstract bibtex
abstract bibtex
Anthropogenic inputs of mercury (Hg) into the environment have significantly increased in the past century. Concurrently, the availability of methylmercury (MeHg) in aquatic systems has increased to levels posing risks to ecological and human health. We use the common loon (Gavia immer) as an upper trophic level bioindicator of aquatic Hg toxicity in freshwater lakes. Multiple endpoints were selected to measure potential negative impacts from MeHg body burdens on behavior, physiology, survival and reproductive success. A robust spatio-temporal dataset was used that included nearly 5,500 loon Hg measurements over an 18-year period. We measured significant changes related to elevated MeHg body burdens, including aberrant incubation behavior, lethargy, and wing area asymmetry. Mercury body burdens in adult loons increased an average of 8.4% per year. Increasing Hg body burdens reduced the number of fledged chicks per territorial pair, with highest risk loons producing 41% fewer fledged young than our reference group. Our multiple endpoints establish adverse effect thresholds for adult loons at 3.0 ug/g (wet weight) in blood and 40.0 ug/g (fresh weight) in feathers. Mercury contamination in parts of Maine and New Hampshire is a driving stressor for creating breeding population sinks. Standardized monitoring programs are needed to determine if population sinks occur elsewhere and to track aquatic ecosystem responses to changes in Hg emissions and deposition.
@article{
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abstract = {Anthropogenic inputs of mercury (Hg) into the environment have significantly increased in the past century. Concurrently, the availability of methylmercury (MeHg) in aquatic systems has increased to levels posing risks to ecological and human health. We use the common loon (Gavia immer) as an upper trophic level bioindicator of aquatic Hg toxicity in freshwater lakes. Multiple endpoints were selected to measure potential negative impacts from MeHg body burdens on behavior, physiology, survival and reproductive success. A robust spatio-temporal dataset was used that included nearly 5,500 loon Hg measurements over an 18-year period. We measured significant changes related to elevated MeHg body burdens, including aberrant incubation behavior, lethargy, and wing area asymmetry. Mercury body burdens in adult loons increased an average of 8.4% per year. Increasing Hg body burdens reduced the number of fledged chicks per territorial pair, with highest risk loons producing 41% fewer fledged young than our reference group. Our multiple endpoints establish adverse effect thresholds for adult loons at 3.0 ug/g (wet weight) in blood and 40.0 ug/g (fresh weight) in feathers. Mercury contamination in parts of Maine and New Hampshire is a driving stressor for creating breeding population sinks. Standardized monitoring programs are needed to determine if population sinks occur elsewhere and to track aquatic ecosystem responses to changes in Hg emissions and deposition.},
bibtype = {article},
author = {Evers, David C and Savoy, Lucas J and DeSorbo, Christopher R and Yates, David E and Hanson, William and Taylor, Kate M and Siegel, Lori S and Cooley, John H and Bank, Michael S and Major, Andrew and Munney, Kenneth and Mower, Barry F and Vogel, Harry S and Schoch, Nina and Pokras, Mark and Goodale, Morgan W and Fair, Jeff},
journal = {Ecotoxicology},
number = {2}
}Geographic distribution of selected elements in the livers of polar bears from Greenland, Canada and the United States. Rush, S., A., Borgå, K., Dietz, R., Born, E., W., Sonne, C., Evans, T., Muir, D., C., G., Letcher, R., J., Norstrom, R., J., & Fisk, A., T. Environmental Pollution, 153(3):618-626, 6, 2008.
Website abstract bibtex
Website abstract bibtex To assess geographic distributions of elements in the Arctic we compared essential and non-essential elements in the livers of polar bears (Ursus maritimus) collected from five regions within Canada in 2002, in Alaska between 1994 and 1999 and from the northwest and east coasts of Greenland between 1988 and 2000. As, Hg, Pb and Se varied with age, and Co and Zn with gender, which limited spatial comparisons across all populations to Cd, which was highest in Greenland bears. Collectively, geographic relationships appeared similar to past studies with little change in concentration over time in Canada and Greenland for most elements; Hg and Se were higher in some Canadian populations in 2002 as compared to 1982 and 1984. Concentrations of most elements in the polar bears did not exceed toxicity thresholds, although Cd and Hg exceeded levels correlated with the formation of hepatic lesions in laboratory animals.
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title = {Geographic distribution of selected elements in the livers of polar bears from Greenland, Canada and the United States},
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abstract = {To assess geographic distributions of elements in the Arctic we compared essential and non-essential elements in the livers of polar bears (Ursus maritimus) collected from five regions within Canada in 2002, in Alaska between 1994 and 1999 and from the northwest and east coasts of Greenland between 1988 and 2000. As, Hg, Pb and Se varied with age, and Co and Zn with gender, which limited spatial comparisons across all populations to Cd, which was highest in Greenland bears. Collectively, geographic relationships appeared similar to past studies with little change in concentration over time in Canada and Greenland for most elements; Hg and Se were higher in some Canadian populations in 2002 as compared to 1982 and 1984. Concentrations of most elements in the polar bears did not exceed toxicity thresholds, although Cd and Hg exceeded levels correlated with the formation of hepatic lesions in laboratory animals.},
bibtype = {article},
author = {Rush, Scott A. and Borgå, Katrine and Dietz, Rune and Born, Erik W. and Sonne, Christian and Evans, Thomas and Muir, Derek C. G. and Letcher, Robert J. and Norstrom, Ross J. and Fisk, Aaron T.},
journal = {Environmental Pollution},
number = {3}
}2007 (3)
Total mercury and methylmercury concentrations in fish from the Mojana region of Colombia. Marrugo-Negrete, J., Olivero, J., Ae, V., Lans, E., Ae, C., & Norberto Benitez, L. 2007.
abstract bibtex
abstract bibtex
Total mercury (T-Hg) and methylmercury (MeHg) concentrations have been measured in the muscle tissue of 16 fish species consumed in the Mojana region of Colombia. T-Hg analysis was performed by cold-vapor atomic-absorption spectros-copy (CV-ASS) and MeHg analysis by gas chroma-tography with electron-capture detection. Higher T-Hg and MeHg concentrations were detected in carnivorous species (T-Hg = 0.371 ± 0.172 (mg g À1 fresh wt, MeHg = 0.346 ± 0.171 mg g À1 fresh wt) than in non-carnivorous fish (T-Hg = 0.155 ± 0.108 mg g À1 fresh wt, MeHg = 0.146 ± 0.102 mg g À1 fresh wt). In the different species mercury was present almost completely as the methylated form, with percentages between 80.5 and 98.1% (mean 92.0 ± 3.4%). In 13.5% of fish-tissue samples T-Hg concentrations exceeded the maximum level recommended by the World Health Organization for human consumption (Hg = 0.5 mg g À1 fresh wt). Although mean T-Hg concentrations in all fish samples (0.269 ± 0.181 mg g À1 fresh wt) did not exceed this limit, risk assessment suggested that the consumption of 0.12 kg fish day À1 could increase the risk of mercury poisoning of the inhabitants of this region.
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abstract = {Total mercury (T-Hg) and methylmercury (MeHg) concentrations have been measured in the muscle tissue of 16 fish species consumed in the Mojana region of Colombia. T-Hg analysis was performed by cold-vapor atomic-absorption spectros-copy (CV-ASS) and MeHg analysis by gas chroma-tography with electron-capture detection. Higher T-Hg and MeHg concentrations were detected in carnivorous species (T-Hg = 0.371 ± 0.172 (mg g À1 fresh wt, MeHg = 0.346 ± 0.171 mg g À1 fresh wt) than in non-carnivorous fish (T-Hg = 0.155 ± 0.108 mg g À1 fresh wt, MeHg = 0.146 ± 0.102 mg g À1 fresh wt). In the different species mercury was present almost completely as the methylated form, with percentages between 80.5 and 98.1% (mean 92.0 ± 3.4%). In 13.5% of fish-tissue samples T-Hg concentrations exceeded the maximum level recommended by the World Health Organization for human consumption (Hg = 0.5 mg g À1 fresh wt). Although mean T-Hg concentrations in all fish samples (0.269 ± 0.181 mg g À1 fresh wt) did not exceed this limit, risk assessment suggested that the consumption of 0.12 kg fish day À1 could increase the risk of mercury poisoning of the inhabitants of this region.},
bibtype = {article},
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}Total mercury in sharks along the southern Brazilian Coast. Mársico, E., Machado, M., Knoff, M., & São Clemente, S. Arq. Bras. Med. Vet. Zootec, 596:1593-1596, 2007.
abstract bibtex
abstract bibtex
Since the discovery that Minamata disease was originated from the consumption of fish contaminated with organic mercury from industrial pollution, the study of poisoning by mercury has received wide attention with an increased number of studies on fish caught for human consumption. Top predators species, such as sharks, have been pointed out as indicator of heavy metals in the environment, and they frequently contain the highest concentrations, even in unpolluted areas. Heavy metals concentrations in sharks have been widely studied in several areas, but very little information is available on species from the Southern Brazilian coast. Various regulatory agencies have set limits on mercury levels in fish and shellfish, to attempt to safeguard public health. Mercury concentrations above the regulatory limits have been observed in several cases. According to Andersen and Depledge (1997), the limit of 0.5µg.g -1 by wet wt, recommended for mercury in seafood by WHO (Environmental…, 1976), is frequently exceeded in long-lived species and/or in species from high trophic levels. It is generally accepted that consumption of fish is the most significant route of human exposure to environmental mercury (Fujiki and Tajima, 1992). Mercury in fish is found almost totally as methylmercury and the toxic effects of its ingestion can result in serious and permanent damage to the central nervous systems and also can pass through the placental barrier, endangering the human foetus (Galli and Restani, 1993). Due to its reactivity with sulfur-containing amino acids, mercury is stored in fish protein matrices, rather than in fatty tissues (Harris et al., 2003). Mercury acquisition, accumulation, and biomagnification in fish are associated with both Hg chemical form and fish feeding-behavior (Hoyle and Handy, 2005) and carnivorous fish at the top of the chain acquire large amounts of Methyl-mercury that are bioaccumulated as a function of fish size (Barbosa et al., 2003). The primary purpose of this paper is to supply data on mercury accumulation in three shark species inhabiting the Southern Brazilian coast, considering variation of mercury concentration among individuals and the relationship between mercury content and size of the fish. Samples of 39 sharks from three species were collected and captured about 50m deep, 190 miles of the coast of Santa Catarina State (27°08'S-28°38'S and 45°30'W-46°53'W) by professional fishermen of Kiyomã tuna fish boat. Species and total length of each shark were recorded. On board, fish muscle samples were taken about 2.0cm below the epidermis, weighted, measured and stored in plastic bags, maintained cool onto ice and then frozen at -20 o C, until analysis. All glassware used was acid-washed, soaked in a 3%HNO 3 solution for 24h, and rinsed with distilled water. To correct for possible mercury contamination of reagents, blanks were determined with each set of samples
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abstract = {Since the discovery that Minamata disease was originated from the consumption of fish contaminated with organic mercury from industrial pollution, the study of poisoning by mercury has received wide attention with an increased number of studies on fish caught for human consumption. Top predators species, such as sharks, have been pointed out as indicator of heavy metals in the environment, and they frequently contain the highest concentrations, even in unpolluted areas. Heavy metals concentrations in sharks have been widely studied in several areas, but very little information is available on species from the Southern Brazilian coast. Various regulatory agencies have set limits on mercury levels in fish and shellfish, to attempt to safeguard public health. Mercury concentrations above the regulatory limits have been observed in several cases. According to Andersen and Depledge (1997), the limit of 0.5µg.g -1 by wet wt, recommended for mercury in seafood by WHO (Environmental…, 1976), is frequently exceeded in long-lived species and/or in species from high trophic levels. It is generally accepted that consumption of fish is the most significant route of human exposure to environmental mercury (Fujiki and Tajima, 1992). Mercury in fish is found almost totally as methylmercury and the toxic effects of its ingestion can result in serious and permanent damage to the central nervous systems and also can pass through the placental barrier, endangering the human foetus (Galli and Restani, 1993). Due to its reactivity with sulfur-containing amino acids, mercury is stored in fish protein matrices, rather than in fatty tissues (Harris et al., 2003). Mercury acquisition, accumulation, and biomagnification in fish are associated with both Hg chemical form and fish feeding-behavior (Hoyle and Handy, 2005) and carnivorous fish at the top of the chain acquire large amounts of Methyl-mercury that are bioaccumulated as a function of fish size (Barbosa et al., 2003). The primary purpose of this paper is to supply data on mercury accumulation in three shark species inhabiting the Southern Brazilian coast, considering variation of mercury concentration among individuals and the relationship between mercury content and size of the fish. Samples of 39 sharks from three species were collected and captured about 50m deep, 190 miles of the coast of Santa Catarina State (27°08'S-28°38'S and 45°30'W-46°53'W) by professional fishermen of Kiyomã tuna fish boat. Species and total length of each shark were recorded. On board, fish muscle samples were taken about 2.0cm below the epidermis, weighted, measured and stored in plastic bags, maintained cool onto ice and then frozen at -20 o C, until analysis. All glassware used was acid-washed, soaked in a 3%HNO 3 solution for 24h, and rinsed with distilled water. To correct for possible mercury contamination of reagents, blanks were determined with each set of samples},
bibtype = {article},
author = {Mársico, Et and Machado, Mes and Knoff, M and São Clemente, SC},
journal = {Arq. Bras. Med. Vet. Zootec},
keywords = {E0474,GBMS}
}Heavy Metal Contamination Status of Japanese Cranes (Grus Japonensis) in East Hokkaido, Japan— Extensive Mercury Pollution. Teraoka, H. & Kumagai, Y. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 26(2):307-312, 2007.
abstract bibtex
abstract bibtex
—Japanese cranes (Grus japonensis) of eastern Hokkaido, Japan, and migrants between the Amur River basin and the eastern China–Korea Peninsula, live around fresh and brackish wetlands. Only a few thousand cranes are confirmed to exist in the world, so they are under threat of extinction. To understand the adverse effects of metal accumulation, we measured concentrations of three heavy metals in the liver, kidney, and muscle of 93 Japanese cranes from Hokkaido. The cranes were classified into six categories according to their sex and three life stages. Cadmium and mercury (Hg: total mercury) showed age-dependent but not sex-dependent accumulation in the liver and kidney. Twenty cranes showed 30 g/g or higher levels of Hg in dry tissue and five adult cranes had more than 100 g/g in their livers or kidneys. Cadmium concentrations were generally lower in all samples. Two adult cranes showed extremely high lead levels of more than 30 g/g in their livers, suggesting lead poisoning. These results have highlighted the widespread and high levels of Hg pollution in Japanese cranes in Hokkaido, Japan.
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abstract = {—Japanese cranes (Grus japonensis) of eastern Hokkaido, Japan, and migrants between the Amur River basin and the eastern China–Korea Peninsula, live around fresh and brackish wetlands. Only a few thousand cranes are confirmed to exist in the world, so they are under threat of extinction. To understand the adverse effects of metal accumulation, we measured concentrations of three heavy metals in the liver, kidney, and muscle of 93 Japanese cranes from Hokkaido. The cranes were classified into six categories according to their sex and three life stages. Cadmium and mercury (Hg: total mercury) showed age-dependent but not sex-dependent accumulation in the liver and kidney. Twenty cranes showed 30 g/g or higher levels of Hg in dry tissue and five adult cranes had more than 100 g/g in their livers or kidneys. Cadmium concentrations were generally lower in all samples. Two adult cranes showed extremely high lead levels of more than 30 g/g in their livers, suggesting lead poisoning. These results have highlighted the widespread and high levels of Hg pollution in Japanese cranes in Hokkaido, Japan.},
bibtype = {article},
author = {Teraoka, Hiroki and Kumagai, Yoshihiro},
journal = {Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry},
number = {2}
}2006 (5)
Albatross species demonstrate regional differences in North Pacific marine contamination. Finkelstein, M., Keitt, B., S., Croll, D., A., Tershy, B., Jarman, W., M., Rodriguez-Pastor, S., Anderson, D., J., Sievert, P., R., & Smith, D., R. Ecological Applications, 16(2):678-686, 2006.
bibtex
bibtex
@article{
title = {Albatross species demonstrate regional differences in North Pacific marine contamination},
type = {article},
year = {2006},
pages = {678-686},
volume = {16},
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bibtype = {article},
author = {Finkelstein, Myra and Keitt, Bradford S and Croll, Donald A and Tershy, Bernie and Jarman, Walter M and Rodriguez-Pastor, Sue and Anderson, David J and Sievert, Paul R and Smith, Donald R},
journal = {Ecological Applications},
number = {2},
keywords = {C0303,GBMS}
}Mercury, cadmium, lead, arsenic, copper and zinc concentrations in albacore, yellowfin tuna and bigeye tuna from the Atlantic Ocean. Besada, V., Gonzalez, J., J., & Schultze, F. Ciencias Marinas, 32(2B):439-445, 2006.
abstract bibtex
abstract bibtex
The concentrations of Hg, Cd, Pb, As, Cu and Zn were determined in 67 tuna samples from the Atlantic Ocean, in order to determine the concentrations present in different species and to evaluate possible risks for human health as a consequence of the consumption of these products. The maximum permissible levels of Hg, Cd and Pb in foodstuffs are established by Commission Regulations (EC) 466/2001 and 78/2005. The species studied were albacore (Thunnus alalunga), yellowfin tuna (Thunnus albacares) and bigeye tuna (Thunnus obesus). These three species showed differences in the metal concentrations analyzed. The maximum Hg concentrations obtained in albacore and yellowfin tuna samples were well below the limit established for human consumption (1.0 mg kg(-1) wet weight), but some bigeye tuna individuals exceeded this limit. In the case of the other regulated metals, the values were well below the limit. For these three species, Hg concentrations increased as the size of the individuals increased, but there was no clear relationship between concentrations and sizes for the rest of the elements studied.
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abstract = {The concentrations of Hg, Cd, Pb, As, Cu and Zn were determined in 67 tuna samples from the Atlantic Ocean, in order to determine the concentrations present in different species and to evaluate possible risks for human health as a consequence of the consumption of these products. The maximum permissible levels of Hg, Cd and Pb in foodstuffs are established by Commission Regulations (EC) 466/2001 and 78/2005. The species studied were albacore (Thunnus alalunga), yellowfin tuna (Thunnus albacares) and bigeye tuna (Thunnus obesus). These three species showed differences in the metal concentrations analyzed. The maximum Hg concentrations obtained in albacore and yellowfin tuna samples were well below the limit established for human consumption (1.0 mg kg(-1) wet weight), but some bigeye tuna individuals exceeded this limit. In the case of the other regulated metals, the values were well below the limit. For these three species, Hg concentrations increased as the size of the individuals increased, but there was no clear relationship between concentrations and sizes for the rest of the elements studied.},
bibtype = {article},
author = {Besada, V and Gonzalez, J J and Schultze, F},
journal = {Ciencias Marinas},
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}Total mercury and methylmercury accumulation in the muscle tissue of frigate (Auxis thazard thazard) and yellow fin (Thunnus albacares) tuna from the Gulf of Guinea, Ghana. Voegborlo, R., B., Matsuyama, A., Akagi, H., Adimado, a., a., & Ephraim, J., H. Bulletin of environmental contamination and toxicology, 76(5):840-7, 5, 2006.
Website bibtex
Website bibtex @article{
title = {Total mercury and methylmercury accumulation in the muscle tissue of frigate (Auxis thazard thazard) and yellow fin (Thunnus albacares) tuna from the Gulf of Guinea, Ghana.},
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websites = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16786455},
month = {5},
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private_publication = {false},
bibtype = {article},
author = {Voegborlo, R B and Matsuyama, A and Akagi, H and Adimado, a a and Ephraim, J H},
journal = {Bulletin of environmental contamination and toxicology},
number = {5}
}Blood Values in Free-Ranging Nesting Leatherback Sea Turtles (Dermochelys Coriacea) on the Coast of the Republic of Gabon. Deem, S., L., Dierenfeld, E., S., Sounguet, G., P., Alleman, A., R., Cray, C., Poppenga, R., H., Norton, T., M., & Karesh, W., B. Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine, 37(4):464-471, 2006.
Website abstract bibtex
Website abstract bibtex Abstract Leatherback sea turtles (Dermochelys coriacea) are the most endangered of the seven species of sea turtles. The health status of leatherbacks is largely unknown, although the number of nesting females recorded throughout the world has decreased precipitously in the last few decades. Central African beaches may provide one of the last strongholds for nesting leatherback females. In the region, oil extraction and incidental capture pose significant threats to the health of the population. Physical examinations, hematology, plasma biochemistry, plasma corticosterone concentration, plasma protein electrophoresis, plasma vitamin concentrations, and toxicological parameters were evaluated in nesting female leatherbacks in the Republic of Gabon. The general clinical condition of the 35 turtles examined in this study was rated as good. The blood value results for a subset of these turtles are presented and compared to published results from other sea turtles. To the authors' knowledge, these are the firs...
@article{
title = {Blood Values in Free-Ranging Nesting Leatherback Sea Turtles (Dermochelys Coriacea) on the Coast of the Republic of Gabon},
type = {article},
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websites = {http://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.1638/05-102.1},
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abstract = {Abstract Leatherback sea turtles (Dermochelys coriacea) are the most endangered of the seven species of sea turtles. The health status of leatherbacks is largely unknown, although the number of nesting females recorded throughout the world has decreased precipitously in the last few decades. Central African beaches may provide one of the last strongholds for nesting leatherback females. In the region, oil extraction and incidental capture pose significant threats to the health of the population. Physical examinations, hematology, plasma biochemistry, plasma corticosterone concentration, plasma protein electrophoresis, plasma vitamin concentrations, and toxicological parameters were evaluated in nesting female leatherbacks in the Republic of Gabon. The general clinical condition of the 35 turtles examined in this study was rated as good. The blood value results for a subset of these turtles are presented and compared to published results from other sea turtles. To the authors' knowledge, these are the firs...},
bibtype = {article},
author = {Deem, Sharon L. and Dierenfeld, Ellen S. and Sounguet, Guy Phillipe and Alleman, A. Rick and Cray, Carolyn and Poppenga, Robert H. and Norton, Terry M. and Karesh, William B.},
journal = {Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine},
number = {4}
}Concentration of contaminants in breeding bird eggs from the Colorado River delta, Mexico. García-Hernández, J., Sapozhnikova, Y., V., Schlenk, D., Mason, A., Z., Hinojosa-Huerta, O., Rivera-Díaz, J., J., Ramos-Delgado, N., A., & Sánchez-Bon, G. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 25(6):1640-1647, 2006.
abstract bibtex
abstract bibtex
Organic contaminants (organochlorine [OC], organophosphorus [OP] pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls [PCBs]), and metals (As, Cd, Hg, Pb, and Se) are a concern to avian health in the Colorado River delta, Mexico. We determined concentrations of contaminants in eggs of three breeding species of birds from the delta (mourning doves [Zenaida macroura], burrowing owls [Athene cunicularia], and marsh wrens [Cistothorus palustris]). We collected 27 eggs of mourning doves, eight eggs of burrowing owls, and 18 eggs of marsh wrens for analyses. Polychlorinated biphenyls, OC, and OP pesticides were analyzed by gas chromatography equipped with an electron capture detector, and metals were analyzed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The non-ortho PCB congeners (PCB 77 and 126) were found in mourning dove and burrowing owl eggs at concentrations in which hatchability can be affected. Mean selenium concentration found in marsh wren eggs (5.6 microg/g dry wt) exceeded the level of concern. Arsenic and Cd were found at higher than normal concentrations, Hg concentrations did not exceed the level of concern in any of the species, and Pb concentrations were higher in eggs of species subject to hunting. With the exception of lead, marsh wren eggs contained the highest metal concentrations.
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title = {Concentration of contaminants in breeding bird eggs from the Colorado River delta, Mexico},
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abstract = {Organic contaminants (organochlorine [OC], organophosphorus [OP] pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls [PCBs]), and metals (As, Cd, Hg, Pb, and Se) are a concern to avian health in the Colorado River delta, Mexico. We determined concentrations of contaminants in eggs of three breeding species of birds from the delta (mourning doves [Zenaida macroura], burrowing owls [Athene cunicularia], and marsh wrens [Cistothorus palustris]). We collected 27 eggs of mourning doves, eight eggs of burrowing owls, and 18 eggs of marsh wrens for analyses. Polychlorinated biphenyls, OC, and OP pesticides were analyzed by gas chromatography equipped with an electron capture detector, and metals were analyzed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The non-ortho PCB congeners (PCB 77 and 126) were found in mourning dove and burrowing owl eggs at concentrations in which hatchability can be affected. Mean selenium concentration found in marsh wren eggs (5.6 microg/g dry wt) exceeded the level of concern. Arsenic and Cd were found at higher than normal concentrations, Hg concentrations did not exceed the level of concern in any of the species, and Pb concentrations were higher in eggs of species subject to hunting. With the exception of lead, marsh wren eggs contained the highest metal concentrations.},
bibtype = {article},
author = {García-Hernández, Jaqueline and Sapozhnikova, Yelena V. and Schlenk, Daniel and Mason, Andrew Z. and Hinojosa-Huerta, Osvel and Rivera-Díaz, Juan José and Ramos-Delgado, Norma Alicia and Sánchez-Bon, Gerardo},
journal = {Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry},
number = {6}
}2005 (4)
Accumulation of organotin compounds and mercury in harbour porpoises (Phocoena phocoena) from the Danish waters and West Greenland. Strand, J., Larsen, M., M., & Lockyer, C. The Science of the Total Environment, 350(1-3):59-71, 11, 2005.
Website abstract bibtex
Website abstract bibtex The concentrations of butyltin (summation operatorBT=TBT+DBT+MBT) and mercury (Hg) were determined in the liver of 35 harbour porpoises (Phocoena phocoena), which were found dead along the coastlines or caught as by-catch in the Danish North Sea and the Inner Danish waters. In addition, three harbour porpoises hunted in West Greenland were analysed. High levels of butyltin and mercury, within the range of 68-4605 mg BT/kg ww and 0.22-92 mg Hg/kg ww, were found in the liver of the Danish harbour porpoises and both substances tend to accumulate with age. The levels in the harbour porpoise from West Greenland were 2.0-18 mg BT/kg ww and 6.3-6.9 mg Hg/kg ww, respectively. The concentrations of butyltin and mercury were both found to be higher in stranded than in by-caught harbour porpoises but only the butyltin concentration was significantly higher in stranded porpoises in the age group 1-5 years. These substances are suspected of inducing adverse effects on immune and endocrine systems in mammals and they may thereby pose a threat to the animals. This study suggests that organotin compounds are also important, when assessing the risks of contaminants on the health and viability of harbour porpoises in Danish waters.
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title = {Accumulation of organotin compounds and mercury in harbour porpoises (Phocoena phocoena) from the Danish waters and West Greenland.},
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abstract = {The concentrations of butyltin (summation operatorBT=TBT+DBT+MBT) and mercury (Hg) were determined in the liver of 35 harbour porpoises (Phocoena phocoena), which were found dead along the coastlines or caught as by-catch in the Danish North Sea and the Inner Danish waters. In addition, three harbour porpoises hunted in West Greenland were analysed. High levels of butyltin and mercury, within the range of 68-4605 mg BT/kg ww and 0.22-92 mg Hg/kg ww, were found in the liver of the Danish harbour porpoises and both substances tend to accumulate with age. The levels in the harbour porpoise from West Greenland were 2.0-18 mg BT/kg ww and 6.3-6.9 mg Hg/kg ww, respectively. The concentrations of butyltin and mercury were both found to be higher in stranded than in by-caught harbour porpoises but only the butyltin concentration was significantly higher in stranded porpoises in the age group 1-5 years. These substances are suspected of inducing adverse effects on immune and endocrine systems in mammals and they may thereby pose a threat to the animals. This study suggests that organotin compounds are also important, when assessing the risks of contaminants on the health and viability of harbour porpoises in Danish waters.},
bibtype = {article},
author = {Strand, Jakob and Larsen, Martin M and Lockyer, Christina},
journal = {The Science of the Total Environment},
number = {1-3}
}Heavy metals in liver and muscle of bluefin tuna (Thunnus thynnus) caught in the Straits of Messina (Sicily, Italy). Licata, P., Trombetta, D., Cristani, M., Naccari, C., Martino, D., Calò, M., & Naccari, F. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 107(1-3):239-48, 8, 2005.
Website abstract bibtex
Website abstract bibtex The present investigation was carried out on the bluefin tuna (Thunnus thynnus) collected during the month of April 2003 from the Straits of Messina. The aim of this study is to determine heavy metal levels (Cd, Cu, Hg, Mn, Pb and Zn) in liver and muscle tissues of 14 Thunnus thynnus of different age and sex and to investigate the relationships between fish sex and size (length and weight) and metal concentrations in the tissues. The concentrations of the various metals were determined by a Varian atomic absorption spectroscopy instrument. The results show significant variations (p < 0.01) for Hg and Zn concentrations in muscle than in liver samples. Concentrations of Cd and Pb are below the instrumental detection limits in almost all muscle samples. Levels of Hg (3.03 +/- 0.55 microg/g) are above the MRLs only in muscle (1 microg/g) establishing toxicological risks for the consumer. Regression analysis shows a negative correlation between mercury level and weight and length in samples from both female and male. No significant difference between mean heavy metals concentrations and male or female tuna is seen. For greater food safety, it would be advisable to reduce the mercury intake by selecting safer fish, species and size and by the avoidance of tuna fish consumption by pregnant women, young children and old people, who are more sensitive to mercury exposure.
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notes = {<b>From Duplicate 1 ( <i>Heavy metals in liver and muscle of bluefin tuna (Thunnus thynnus) caught in the Straits of Messina (Sicily, Italy)</i> - Licata, Patrizia; Trombetta, Domenico; Cristani, Mariateresa; Naccari, Clara; Martino, Daniela; Calò, Margherita; Naccari, Francesco )<br/></b>},
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abstract = {The present investigation was carried out on the bluefin tuna (Thunnus thynnus) collected during the month of April 2003 from the Straits of Messina. The aim of this study is to determine heavy metal levels (Cd, Cu, Hg, Mn, Pb and Zn) in liver and muscle tissues of 14 Thunnus thynnus of different age and sex and to investigate the relationships between fish sex and size (length and weight) and metal concentrations in the tissues. The concentrations of the various metals were determined by a Varian atomic absorption spectroscopy instrument. The results show significant variations (p < 0.01) for Hg and Zn concentrations in muscle than in liver samples. Concentrations of Cd and Pb are below the instrumental detection limits in almost all muscle samples. Levels of Hg (3.03 +/- 0.55 microg/g) are above the MRLs only in muscle (1 microg/g) establishing toxicological risks for the consumer. Regression analysis shows a negative correlation between mercury level and weight and length in samples from both female and male. No significant difference between mean heavy metals concentrations and male or female tuna is seen. For greater food safety, it would be advisable to reduce the mercury intake by selecting safer fish, species and size and by the avoidance of tuna fish consumption by pregnant women, young children and old people, who are more sensitive to mercury exposure.},
bibtype = {article},
author = {Licata, Patrizia and Trombetta, Domenico and Cristani, Mariateresa and Naccari, Clara and Martino, Daniela and Calò, Margherita and Naccari, Francesco},
journal = {Environmental Monitoring and Assessment},
number = {1-3}
}Mercury distribution in the skin of beluga (Delphinapterus leucas) and narwhal (Monodon monoceros) from the Canadian Arctic and mercury burdens and excretion by moulting. Wagemann, R. & Kozlowska, H. The Science of the total environment, 351-352:333-43, 12, 2005.
Website abstract bibtex
Website abstract bibtex Beluga and narwhal skin as a whole (in Inuktitut known as "muktuk") is considered to be a delicacy by native Canadian and Greenland people. Individual strata of the skin, and muscle from 27 beluga from the western, and 20 narwhal from the eastern Canadian Arctic, were analyzed for mercury and the thickness and density of each skin layer was measured. Mercury was not uniformly distributed in the skin, but increased outwardly with each layer. The concentration was only 0.29 and 0.16 microg/g (wet wt) in the innermost layer (dermis) of belugas and narwhal respectively, and 1.5 and 1.4 microg/g (wet wt) in the outermost layer (degenerative epidermis) of beluga and narwhal, respectively. There was a significant (alpha=0.05) association between age and mercury concentration in each skin layer, the regression coefficients progressively increasing from the inner layer (dermis) to the outer layer: 0.011-0.063 microg/g year-1; 0.034 microg/g year-1 for skin as a whole; 0.054 microg/g year-1 for muscle. The concentration of total mercury was 0.84 and 0.59 microg/g (wet wt) in skin as a whole (muktuk) of beluga and narwhal respectively, and 0.12 and 0.03 microg/g in blubber, respectively. The average, total mercury concentration in muscle tissue was 1.4 and 0.81 microg/g wet wt, in beluga and narwhal respectively, exceeding (except for blubber) the Canadian Government's Guideline (0.5 microg/g wet wt) for fish export and consumption. The skin surface area of an average-size beluga and narwhal was estimated (6.10 and 6.50 m2, respectively), as were excretions of mercury through moulting (13,861 and 6721 microg year-1; 14 and 7 mg year-1) for belugas and narwhal, respectively. The whole-body mercury burden (699,300 microg; 700 mg) for a 1000 kg beluga and its various tissues were estimated, as was the fraction of mercury excreted by moulting (2-0.42% of the whole-body burden). Annual mercury burden increments in beluga skin, muscle and the whole body were estimated (2750; 17,280; 40,00 microg year-1, respectively), using regression coefficients of age on mercury concentration. The annual gross mercury intake via food was estimated (131,400 microg), of which 70% was excreted.
@article{
title = {Mercury distribution in the skin of beluga (Delphinapterus leucas) and narwhal (Monodon monoceros) from the Canadian Arctic and mercury burdens and excretion by moulting.},
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abstract = {Beluga and narwhal skin as a whole (in Inuktitut known as "muktuk") is considered to be a delicacy by native Canadian and Greenland people. Individual strata of the skin, and muscle from 27 beluga from the western, and 20 narwhal from the eastern Canadian Arctic, were analyzed for mercury and the thickness and density of each skin layer was measured. Mercury was not uniformly distributed in the skin, but increased outwardly with each layer. The concentration was only 0.29 and 0.16 microg/g (wet wt) in the innermost layer (dermis) of belugas and narwhal respectively, and 1.5 and 1.4 microg/g (wet wt) in the outermost layer (degenerative epidermis) of beluga and narwhal, respectively. There was a significant (alpha=0.05) association between age and mercury concentration in each skin layer, the regression coefficients progressively increasing from the inner layer (dermis) to the outer layer: 0.011-0.063 microg/g year-1; 0.034 microg/g year-1 for skin as a whole; 0.054 microg/g year-1 for muscle. The concentration of total mercury was 0.84 and 0.59 microg/g (wet wt) in skin as a whole (muktuk) of beluga and narwhal respectively, and 0.12 and 0.03 microg/g in blubber, respectively. The average, total mercury concentration in muscle tissue was 1.4 and 0.81 microg/g wet wt, in beluga and narwhal respectively, exceeding (except for blubber) the Canadian Government's Guideline (0.5 microg/g wet wt) for fish export and consumption. The skin surface area of an average-size beluga and narwhal was estimated (6.10 and 6.50 m2, respectively), as were excretions of mercury through moulting (13,861 and 6721 microg year-1; 14 and 7 mg year-1) for belugas and narwhal, respectively. The whole-body mercury burden (699,300 microg; 700 mg) for a 1000 kg beluga and its various tissues were estimated, as was the fraction of mercury excreted by moulting (2-0.42% of the whole-body burden). Annual mercury burden increments in beluga skin, muscle and the whole body were estimated (2750; 17,280; 40,00 microg year-1, respectively), using regression coefficients of age on mercury concentration. The annual gross mercury intake via food was estimated (131,400 microg), of which 70% was excreted.},
bibtype = {article},
author = {Wagemann, R and Kozlowska, H},
journal = {The Science of the total environment}
}Risk to breeding success of waterbirds by contaminants in Hong Kong: Evidence from trace elements in eggs. Lam, J., C., W., Tanabe, S., Lam, M., H., W., & Lam, P., K., S. Environmental Pollution, 135(3 SPEC. ISS.):481-490, 2005.
abstract bibtex
abstract bibtex
Concentrations of 17 trace elements (As, Se, Rb, Sr, Ag, Sb, Cs, Tl, Pb, V, Cr, Mn, Co, Cu, Zn, Cd, and Hg) were determined in eggs of little egrets (Egretta garzetta), black-crowned night herons (Nycticorax nycticorax) and bridled terns (Sterna anaethetus) from northwestern and northeastern coastal areas of Hong Kong. Results indicated significant differences among the three species. Eggs of little egrets and black-crowned night herons appeared to be good bioindicators for monitoring selected elements (As, Pb, Zn Cr, Cu, and V) due to consistent correlations between metal concentrations in eggs and those in coastal marine sediments. Based on limited toxicological information, the predicted no effect concentrations (PNECs) of Hg and Se in the bird eggs were estimated as 0.5 to 1.8 and 0.90 to 1.45 μg g-1, dry wt., respectively. Hazard quotients (HQs) indicated that Hg and Se might pose some risk to certain waterbirds in Hong Kong. © 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
@article{
title = {Risk to breeding success of waterbirds by contaminants in Hong Kong: Evidence from trace elements in eggs},
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abstract = {Concentrations of 17 trace elements (As, Se, Rb, Sr, Ag, Sb, Cs, Tl, Pb, V, Cr, Mn, Co, Cu, Zn, Cd, and Hg) were determined in eggs of little egrets (Egretta garzetta), black-crowned night herons (Nycticorax nycticorax) and bridled terns (Sterna anaethetus) from northwestern and northeastern coastal areas of Hong Kong. Results indicated significant differences among the three species. Eggs of little egrets and black-crowned night herons appeared to be good bioindicators for monitoring selected elements (As, Pb, Zn Cr, Cu, and V) due to consistent correlations between metal concentrations in eggs and those in coastal marine sediments. Based on limited toxicological information, the predicted no effect concentrations (PNECs) of Hg and Se in the bird eggs were estimated as 0.5 to 1.8 and 0.90 to 1.45 μg g-1, dry wt., respectively. Hazard quotients (HQs) indicated that Hg and Se might pose some risk to certain waterbirds in Hong Kong. © 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.},
bibtype = {article},
author = {Lam, James C W and Tanabe, Shinsuke and Lam, Michael H W and Lam, Paul K S},
journal = {Environmental Pollution},
number = {3 SPEC. ISS.}
}2004 (2)
Trace metal distribution in the mussel Perna perna along the Moroccan coast. Lam, J., C., W., Tanabe, S., Wong, B., S., F., & Lam, P., K., S. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 48(3-4):385-390, 2, 2004.
Website bibtex
Website bibtex @article{
title = {Trace metal distribution in the mussel Perna perna along the Moroccan coast},
type = {article},
year = {2004},
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pages = {385-390},
volume = {48},
websites = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14972592},
month = {2},
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bibtype = {article},
author = {Lam, James C. W. and Tanabe, Shinsuke and Wong, Bryan S. F. and Lam, Paul K. S.},
journal = {Marine Pollution Bulletin},
number = {3-4}
}Content of mercury and cadmium in fish (Thunnus alalunga) and cephalopods (Eledone moschata) from the south-eastern Mediterranean Sea. Storelli, M., M. & Marcotrigiano, G., O. Food additives and contaminants, 21(11):1051-1056, 2004.
abstract bibtex
abstract bibtex
Mercury and cadmium concentrations were measured in the flesh and liver (or hepatopancreas) of albacore (Thunnus alalunga) and horned octopus (Eledone moschata) to establish whether the concentrations exceeded the maximum levels fixed by the European Commission. In both species, mercury and cadmium mean concentrations were higher in liver (albacore: mercury = 2.41 microg g(-1) wet wt, cadmium = 9.22 microg g(-1) wet wt; horned octopus: mercury = 0.76 microg g(-1) wet wt, cadmium = 6.72 microg g(-1) wet wt) than in flesh (albacore: mercury = 1.56 microg g(-1) wet wt, cadmium = 0.05 microg g(-1) wet wt; horned octopus: mercury = 0.36 microg g(-1) wet wt, cadmium = 0.33 microg g(-1)). Mercury concentrations exceeding the prescribed legal limit of 1 microg g(-1) wet wt were found in almost all albacore samples (flesh: 71.4%; liver: 85.7%). For horned octopus, concentrations above 0.5 microg g(-1) wet wt were observed solely in hepatopancreas, while in flesh, the concentrations were below this limit in all the samples examined. Of the flesh samples of albacore, 42.8% exceeded the proposed tolerance for cadmium for human consumption, whilst for horned octopus, the established limit was not exceeded in any sample.
@article{
title = {Content of mercury and cadmium in fish (Thunnus alalunga) and cephalopods (Eledone moschata) from the south-eastern Mediterranean Sea.},
type = {article},
year = {2004},
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abstract = {Mercury and cadmium concentrations were measured in the flesh and liver (or hepatopancreas) of albacore (Thunnus alalunga) and horned octopus (Eledone moschata) to establish whether the concentrations exceeded the maximum levels fixed by the European Commission. In both species, mercury and cadmium mean concentrations were higher in liver (albacore: mercury = 2.41 microg g(-1) wet wt, cadmium = 9.22 microg g(-1) wet wt; horned octopus: mercury = 0.76 microg g(-1) wet wt, cadmium = 6.72 microg g(-1) wet wt) than in flesh (albacore: mercury = 1.56 microg g(-1) wet wt, cadmium = 0.05 microg g(-1) wet wt; horned octopus: mercury = 0.36 microg g(-1) wet wt, cadmium = 0.33 microg g(-1)). Mercury concentrations exceeding the prescribed legal limit of 1 microg g(-1) wet wt were found in almost all albacore samples (flesh: 71.4%; liver: 85.7%). For horned octopus, concentrations above 0.5 microg g(-1) wet wt were observed solely in hepatopancreas, while in flesh, the concentrations were below this limit in all the samples examined. Of the flesh samples of albacore, 42.8% exceeded the proposed tolerance for cadmium for human consumption, whilst for horned octopus, the established limit was not exceeded in any sample.},
bibtype = {article},
author = {Storelli, M M and Marcotrigiano, G O},
journal = {Food additives and contaminants},
number = {11}
}2003 (5)
Heavy metal levels in the bottlenose and striped dolphins off the Mediterranean coast of Israel. Roditi-Elasar, M., Kerem, D., Hornung, H., Kress, N., Shoham-Frider, E., Goffman, O., & Spanier, E. Marine pollution bulletin, 46(4):491-521, 4, 2003.
Website bibtex
Website bibtex @article{
title = {Heavy metal levels in the bottlenose and striped dolphins off the Mediterranean coast of Israel},
type = {article},
year = {2003},
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keywords = {A0084,AS_MM_042,GBMS,rec# 10876},
pages = {491-521},
volume = {46},
websites = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12705923},
month = {4},
id = {836496e2-8cc9-3b67-b715-6fd7c9d7d84a},
created = {2011-11-21T16:34:03.000Z},
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folder_uuids = {4246fe96-2389-417f-9056-527e16d7e71c},
private_publication = {false},
bibtype = {article},
author = {Roditi-Elasar, Mia and Kerem, Dan and Hornung, Hava and Kress, Nurit and Shoham-Frider, Efrat and Goffman, Oz and Spanier, Ehud},
journal = {Marine pollution bulletin},
number = {4}
}Elemental composition of liver and kidney tissues of rough-toothed dolphins (Steno bredanensis). Mackey, E., a., Oflaz, R., D., Epstein, M., S., Buehler, B., Porter, B., J., Rowles, T., Wise, S., a., & Becker, P., R. Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology, 44:523-532, 2003.
Website abstract bibtex
Website abstract bibtex On December 14, 1997, 62 rough-toothed dolphins (Steno bredanensis) stranded on Cape San Blas, on the Florida coast of the Gulf of Mexico. Approximately 30 animals died either on the beach or in rehabilitation facilities. Two were successfully rehabilitated and released. Liver, kidney, blubber, and muscle tissues were collected from 15 animals that died on the beach. Portions of the liver and kidney from each dolphin were analyzed using instrumental neutron activation analysis and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry to determine mass fractions of 37 elements. Levels of several electrolytes (Na, Cl, K, Br, Rb, I, Cs) and of the essential trace elements Fe, Cu, and Zn in both tissues were similar to those found in other Odontoceti. Mass fractions of Ca ranged from 60 mg/kg to 1,200 mg/kg (wet mass basis), indicating significant inhomogeneity in the kidney tissues of several animals. Necropsy reports noted that the kidneys of many of these animals contained fibrous nodules. The measured Ca inhomogeneity may be due to mineralization of the fibrous kidney tissue. Hepatic levels of Hg and Se were at the high end of the ranges generally found in livers of other Odontoceti and were slightly higher in animals with fibrous kidneys than in the others. Mass fractions of Se, Ag, and Hg in liver tissues increased with the size and age of the animals indicating accumulation of these elements in the liver with age. Results also indicate that Se and Hg accumulate in rough-toothed dolphin kidney. Accumulation of these elements with age has been reported commonly for marine mammals and other species.
@article{
title = {Elemental composition of liver and kidney tissues of rough-toothed dolphins (Steno bredanensis).},
type = {article},
year = {2003},
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websites = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12712283},
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abstract = {On December 14, 1997, 62 rough-toothed dolphins (Steno bredanensis) stranded on Cape San Blas, on the Florida coast of the Gulf of Mexico. Approximately 30 animals died either on the beach or in rehabilitation facilities. Two were successfully rehabilitated and released. Liver, kidney, blubber, and muscle tissues were collected from 15 animals that died on the beach. Portions of the liver and kidney from each dolphin were analyzed using instrumental neutron activation analysis and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry to determine mass fractions of 37 elements. Levels of several electrolytes (Na, Cl, K, Br, Rb, I, Cs) and of the essential trace elements Fe, Cu, and Zn in both tissues were similar to those found in other Odontoceti. Mass fractions of Ca ranged from 60 mg/kg to 1,200 mg/kg (wet mass basis), indicating significant inhomogeneity in the kidney tissues of several animals. Necropsy reports noted that the kidneys of many of these animals contained fibrous nodules. The measured Ca inhomogeneity may be due to mineralization of the fibrous kidney tissue. Hepatic levels of Hg and Se were at the high end of the ranges generally found in livers of other Odontoceti and were slightly higher in animals with fibrous kidneys than in the others. Mass fractions of Se, Ag, and Hg in liver tissues increased with the size and age of the animals indicating accumulation of these elements in the liver with age. Results also indicate that Se and Hg accumulate in rough-toothed dolphin kidney. Accumulation of these elements with age has been reported commonly for marine mammals and other species.},
bibtype = {article},
author = {Mackey, E a and Oflaz, R D and Epstein, M S and Buehler, B and Porter, B J and Rowles, T and Wise, S a and Becker, P R},
journal = {Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology},
keywords = {C0270,GBMS}
}Mercury Concentrations in the Food Web of Lake Malawi, East Africa. Kidd, K., A., Bootsma, H., A., Hesslein, R., H., Lyle Lockhart, W., & Hecky, R., E. Journal of Great Lakes Research, 29:258-266, 1, 2003.
Website abstract bibtex
Website abstract bibtex Little is known about the concentrations of mercury (Hg) and factors affecting this contaminant in tropical freshwater biota. Lake Malawi, an East African Rift Valley lake, is internationally renowned for having the highest diversity of fish species in the world, and the lake supports subsistence fisheries for the three riparian countries. In this study the concentrations of Hg in fish and invertebrates collected from the lake in 1996 and 1997 were examined, and tissue stable carbon (δ13C) and nitrogen (δ15N) isotopes were used to distinguish and contrast those consumers relying upon carbon fixed by either benthic or pelagic primary producers, and their trophic positioning. Concentrations of Hg were generally low (2 to 200 ng/g wet weight) in fish from Lake Malawi. In addition, pelagic fish contained significantly higher concentrations of Hg than the benthic species. As in temperate systems, log-transformed Hg concentrations were significantly predicted by δ15N and the highest concentrations of Hg were found in the largest fish within each species. The rate of Hg accumulation was not significantly different between the pelagic and benthic fishes but pelagic species had significantly higher Hg concentrations at a common weight and trophic position. The slope of the Hg-δ15N relationship in Lake Malawi was comparable to what has been found in temperate and arctic lakes, suggesting that Hg accumulation in freshwater food webs is independent of climatic factors and species composition.
@article{
title = {Mercury Concentrations in the Food Web of Lake Malawi, East Africa},
type = {article},
year = {2003},
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pages = {258-266},
volume = {29},
websites = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S038013300370553X},
month = {1},
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abstract = {Little is known about the concentrations of mercury (Hg) and factors affecting this contaminant in tropical freshwater biota. Lake Malawi, an East African Rift Valley lake, is internationally renowned for having the highest diversity of fish species in the world, and the lake supports subsistence fisheries for the three riparian countries. In this study the concentrations of Hg in fish and invertebrates collected from the lake in 1996 and 1997 were examined, and tissue stable carbon (δ13C) and nitrogen (δ15N) isotopes were used to distinguish and contrast those consumers relying upon carbon fixed by either benthic or pelagic primary producers, and their trophic positioning. Concentrations of Hg were generally low (2 to 200 ng/g wet weight) in fish from Lake Malawi. In addition, pelagic fish contained significantly higher concentrations of Hg than the benthic species. As in temperate systems, log-transformed Hg concentrations were significantly predicted by δ15N and the highest concentrations of Hg were found in the largest fish within each species. The rate of Hg accumulation was not significantly different between the pelagic and benthic fishes but pelagic species had significantly higher Hg concentrations at a common weight and trophic position. The slope of the Hg-δ15N relationship in Lake Malawi was comparable to what has been found in temperate and arctic lakes, suggesting that Hg accumulation in freshwater food webs is independent of climatic factors and species composition.},
bibtype = {article},
author = {Kidd, Karen A. and Bootsma, Harvey A. and Hesslein, Raymond H. and Lyle Lockhart, W. and Hecky, Robert E.},
journal = {Journal of Great Lakes Research}
}Population substructure of North Atlantic minke whales (Balaenoptera acutorostrata) inferred from regional variation of elemental and stable isotopic signatures in tissues. Born, E., Outridge, P., Riget, F., Hobson, K., Dietz, R., Øien, N., & Haug, T. Journal of Marine Systems, 43(1-2):1-17, 2003.
Website bibtex
Website bibtex @article{
title = {Population substructure of North Atlantic minke whales (Balaenoptera acutorostrata) inferred from regional variation of elemental and stable isotopic signatures in tissues},
type = {article},
year = {2003},
identifiers = {[object Object]},
keywords = {C0264,GBMS},
pages = {1-17},
volume = {43},
websites = {http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S092479630300085X},
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bibtype = {article},
author = {Born, E.W. and Outridge, P. and Riget, F.F. and Hobson, K.a. and Dietz, R. and Øien, N. and Haug, T.},
journal = {Journal of Marine Systems},
number = {1-2}
}Sources and Variations of Mercury in Tuna. Kraepiel, A., M., L., Keller, K., Chin, H., B., Malcolm, E., G., & Morel, F., M., M. Environmental science & technology, 37(24):5551-5558, 2003.
Website abstract bibtex
Website abstract bibtex While the bulk of human exposure to mercury is through the consumption of marine fish, most of what we know about mercury methylation and bioaccumulation is from studies of freshwaters. We know little of where and how mercury is methylated in the open oceans, and there is currently a debate whether methylmercury concentrations in marine fish have increased along with global anthropogenic mercury emissions. Measurements of mercury concentrations in Yellowfin tuna caught off Hawaii in 1998 show no increase compared to measurements of the same species caught in the same area in 1971. On the basis of the known increase in the global emissions of mercury over the past century and of a simple model of mercury biogeochemistry in the Equatorial and Subtropical Pacific ocean, we calculate that the methylmercury concentration in these surface waters should have increased between 9 and 26% over this 27 years span if methylation occurred in the mixed layer or in the thermocline. Such an increase is statistically inconsistent with the constant mercury concentrations measured in tuna. We conclude tentatively that mercury methylation in the oceans occurs in deep waters or in sediments.
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abstract = {While the bulk of human exposure to mercury is through the consumption of marine fish, most of what we know about mercury methylation and bioaccumulation is from studies of freshwaters. We know little of where and how mercury is methylated in the open oceans, and there is currently a debate whether methylmercury concentrations in marine fish have increased along with global anthropogenic mercury emissions. Measurements of mercury concentrations in Yellowfin tuna caught off Hawaii in 1998 show no increase compared to measurements of the same species caught in the same area in 1971. On the basis of the known increase in the global emissions of mercury over the past century and of a simple model of mercury biogeochemistry in the Equatorial and Subtropical Pacific ocean, we calculate that the methylmercury concentration in these surface waters should have increased between 9 and 26% over this 27 years span if methylation occurred in the mixed layer or in the thermocline. Such an increase is statistically inconsistent with the constant mercury concentrations measured in tuna. We conclude tentatively that mercury methylation in the oceans occurs in deep waters or in sediments.},
bibtype = {article},
author = {Kraepiel, Anne M L and Keller, Klaus and Chin, Henry B and Malcolm, Elizabeth G and Morel, François M M},
journal = {Environmental science & technology},
number = {24},
keywords = {C0237,GBMS}
}2002 (1)
Current levels of DDT, PCB and trace elements in the Baltic ringed seals (Phoca hispida baltica) and grey seals (Halichoerus grypus). Nyman, M., Koistinen, J., Fant, M., L., Vartiainen, T., & Helle, E. Environmental Pollution, 119(3):399-412, 1, 2002.
Website abstract bibtex
Website abstract bibtex Residue levels of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis[p-chlorophenyl]ethane (DDT) were determined from liver samples of ringed seals (Phoca lispida) from the Baltic Sea and Svalbard, and of grey seals (Halichoerus grypus) from the Baltic Sea and Sable Island in Canada. Both Baltic seal populations showed clearly higher average sum PCB (SPCB) and sum DDT (SDDT) levels than the reference seal populations. Among the Baltic seals, SPCB levels were twice as high as SDDT levels, and both contaminants were higher in ringed seals than in grey seals. A difference in gender was observed only in the Sable Island grey seal population, in which males showed a higher level of contamination than females. A reduction of the SDDT levels, and to a lower extent of the SPCB levels can be observed in the Baltic seals since the peak contaminant levels during the 1970s. The decrease has been more rapid in the grey seals than in the ringed seals. The SPCB levels in the Baltic ringed seals are still high enough to cause a threat to their well being. Residue levels of the trace elements mercury, cadmium, lead and selenium were determined from liver, kidney and muscle samples of grey seals from the Baltic Sea and Sable Island. Only cadmium showed a geographic difference being higher in the seals from Sable Island than from the Baltic Sea. No clear reduction of the metal burden can be observed in the Baltic grey seal population since the 1970s.
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abstract = {Residue levels of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis[p-chlorophenyl]ethane (DDT) were determined from liver samples of ringed seals (Phoca lispida) from the Baltic Sea and Svalbard, and of grey seals (Halichoerus grypus) from the Baltic Sea and Sable Island in Canada. Both Baltic seal populations showed clearly higher average sum PCB (SPCB) and sum DDT (SDDT) levels than the reference seal populations. Among the Baltic seals, SPCB levels were twice as high as SDDT levels, and both contaminants were higher in ringed seals than in grey seals. A difference in gender was observed only in the Sable Island grey seal population, in which males showed a higher level of contamination than females. A reduction of the SDDT levels, and to a lower extent of the SPCB levels can be observed in the Baltic seals since the peak contaminant levels during the 1970s. The decrease has been more rapid in the grey seals than in the ringed seals. The SPCB levels in the Baltic ringed seals are still high enough to cause a threat to their well being. Residue levels of the trace elements mercury, cadmium, lead and selenium were determined from liver, kidney and muscle samples of grey seals from the Baltic Sea and Sable Island. Only cadmium showed a geographic difference being higher in the seals from Sable Island than from the Baltic Sea. No clear reduction of the metal burden can be observed in the Baltic grey seal population since the 1970s.},
bibtype = {article},
author = {Nyman, Madeleine and Koistinen, Jaana and Fant, Marie Louise and Vartiainen, Terttu and Helle, Eero},
journal = {Environmental Pollution},
number = {3}
}2001 (3)
Total Mercury Content—Fish weight relationship in swordfish (Xiphias gladius) caught in the Southwest Atlantic Ocean. Mendez, E., Giudice, H., Pereira, A., Inocente, G., & Medina, D. Journal of Food Composition and Analysis, 14(5):453-460, 10, 2001.
Website bibtex
Website bibtex @article{
title = {Total Mercury Content—Fish weight relationship in swordfish (Xiphias gladius) caught in the Southwest Atlantic Ocean},
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}Mercury Contamination in Freshwater, Estuarine, and Marine Fishes in Relation to Small-Scale Gold Mining in Suriname, South America. Mol, J., H., Ramlal, J., S., Lietar, C., & Verloo, M. Environmental Research Section A, 86:183-197, 2001.
Website abstract bibtex
Website abstract bibtex The extent of mercury contamination in Surinamese food Ashes due to small-scale gold min-ing was investigated by determination of the total mercury concentration in 318 freshwater Ashes, 109 estuarine Ashes, and 110 Ashes from the Atlantic Ocean. High background levels were found in the piranha Serrasalmus rhombeus (0.35 g Hg g ؊1 muscle tissue, wet mass basis) and the peacock cich-lid Cichla ocellaris (0.39 g g ؊1) from the Central Suriname Nature Reserve. Average mercury levels in freshwater Ashes were higher in piscivorous spe-cies than in nonpiscivorous species, both in poten-tially contaminated water bodies (0.71 and 0.19 g g ؊1 , respectively) and in the control site (0.25 and 0.04 g g ؊1 , respectively). Mercury concentra-tions in piscivorous freshwater Ashes were signiA-cantly higher in rivers potentially affected by gold mining than in the control site. In 57% of 269 piscivorous freshwater Ashes from potentially con-taminated sites, mercury levels exceeded the max-imum permissible concentration of 0.5 g Hg g ؊1 . The highest mercury concentrations (3.13 and 4.26 g g ؊1) were found in two piranhas S. rhombeus from the hydroelectric reservoir Lake Brokopondo. The high mercury levels in Ashes from Lake Brokopondo were to some extent related to gold mining because Ashes collected at eastern sites (i.e., close to the gold Aelds) showed signiAcantly higher mercury concentrations than Ashes from western localities. In the estuaries, mercury levels in ariid catAsh (0.22 g g ؊1) and croakers (0.04+0.33 g g ؊1) were distinctly lower than those in piscivorous Ashes from contaminated freshwater sites. In the isolated Bigi Pan Lagoon, the piscivores snook Cen-tropomus undecimalis (0.04 g g ؊1) and tarpon Megalops atlanticus (0.03 g g ؊1) showed low mer-cury levels. Mercury levels were signiAcantly high-er in marine Ashes than in estuarine Ashes, even with the Bigi Pan Ashes excluded. High mercury concentrations were found in the shark Mustelus higmani (0.71 g g ؊1), the crevalle jack Caranx hippos (1.17 g g ؊1), and the barracuda Sphyraena guachancho (0.39 g g ؊1), but also in nonpiscivorous species such as Calamus bajonado (0.54 g g ؊1), Haemulon plumieri (0.47 g g ؊1), and Isopisthus par-vipinnis (0.48 g g ؊1). Mercury levels were positively correlated with the length of the Ash in populations of the freshwater piscivores S. rhombeus, Hoplias malabaricus, and Plagioscion squamosissimus, in estuarine species (Arius couma, Cynoscion vires-cens, and Macrodon ancylodon), and in S. guachancho from the Atlantic Ocean.
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abstract = {The extent of mercury contamination in Surinamese food Ashes due to small-scale gold min-ing was investigated by determination of the total mercury concentration in 318 freshwater Ashes, 109 estuarine Ashes, and 110 Ashes from the Atlantic Ocean. High background levels were found in the piranha Serrasalmus rhombeus (0.35 g Hg g ؊1 muscle tissue, wet mass basis) and the peacock cich-lid Cichla ocellaris (0.39 g g ؊1) from the Central Suriname Nature Reserve. Average mercury levels in freshwater Ashes were higher in piscivorous spe-cies than in nonpiscivorous species, both in poten-tially contaminated water bodies (0.71 and 0.19 g g ؊1 , respectively) and in the control site (0.25 and 0.04 g g ؊1 , respectively). Mercury concentra-tions in piscivorous freshwater Ashes were signiA-cantly higher in rivers potentially affected by gold mining than in the control site. In 57% of 269 piscivorous freshwater Ashes from potentially con-taminated sites, mercury levels exceeded the max-imum permissible concentration of 0.5 g Hg g ؊1 . The highest mercury concentrations (3.13 and 4.26 g g ؊1) were found in two piranhas S. rhombeus from the hydroelectric reservoir Lake Brokopondo. The high mercury levels in Ashes from Lake Brokopondo were to some extent related to gold mining because Ashes collected at eastern sites (i.e., close to the gold Aelds) showed signiAcantly higher mercury concentrations than Ashes from western localities. In the estuaries, mercury levels in ariid catAsh (0.22 g g ؊1) and croakers (0.04+0.33 g g ؊1) were distinctly lower than those in piscivorous Ashes from contaminated freshwater sites. In the isolated Bigi Pan Lagoon, the piscivores snook Cen-tropomus undecimalis (0.04 g g ؊1) and tarpon Megalops atlanticus (0.03 g g ؊1) showed low mer-cury levels. Mercury levels were signiAcantly high-er in marine Ashes than in estuarine Ashes, even with the Bigi Pan Ashes excluded. High mercury concentrations were found in the shark Mustelus higmani (0.71 g g ؊1), the crevalle jack Caranx hippos (1.17 g g ؊1), and the barracuda Sphyraena guachancho (0.39 g g ؊1), but also in nonpiscivorous species such as Calamus bajonado (0.54 g g ؊1), Haemulon plumieri (0.47 g g ؊1), and Isopisthus par-vipinnis (0.48 g g ؊1). Mercury levels were positively correlated with the length of the Ash in populations of the freshwater piscivores S. rhombeus, Hoplias malabaricus, and Plagioscion squamosissimus, in estuarine species (Arius couma, Cynoscion vires-cens, and Macrodon ancylodon), and in S. guachancho from the Atlantic Ocean.},
bibtype = {article},
author = {Mol, Jan H and Ramlal, Joyce S and Lietar, Carlos and Verloo, Marc},
journal = {Environmental Research Section A}
}Mercury contamination of fish and its implications for other wildlife of the Tapajós basin, Brazilian Amazon. Uryu, Y., Malm, O., Thornton, I., Payne, I., & Cleary, D. Conservation Biology, 15(2):438-446, 2001.
abstract bibtex
abstract bibtex
Abstract: Since 1979 the gold rush in the Brazilian Amazon has caused serious environmental damage to one of the most complex ecosystems on Earth. Mainly due to the toxicity of mercury to humans, this problem has received wide public attention and prompted many studies. Although these studies have involved sampling of fish, the negative effect of mercury contamination to fish themselves and other wildlife has been largely ignored. To assess the present level of mercury contamination of fish, and its implication for fish and other animals, we collected and examined data on mercury concentration in fish of the Brazilian Amazon, especially for the Tapajos basin, between 1991 and 1996. We conclude that omnivores and piscivores that live nearer to gold mining areas in the Tapajos basin are already at high risk of mercury toxification, especially reproductive failure. Mercury concentrations in these fish are also high enough to have detrimental effects on animals at higher trophic levels. The same conclusion applies to other mercury-contaminated areas in the Brazilian Amazon. Because most Amazonian rivers or their tributaries have favorable conditions for mercury contamination, we can expect the problem to persist in the Amazon for a long time, and the consequences are likely to become more significant in the future. These conclusions have important implications for all tropical rainforests where gold mining operations have caused extensive mercury pollution. Contaminacion de Peces por Mercurio y sus Implicaciones para Otras Especies de Vida Silvestre de la Cuenca Tapajos, del Amazonas Brasileno Resumen: Desde 1979, la extraccion del oro en el Amazonas brasileno ha ocasionado un dano ambiental serio a uno de los ecosistemas mas complejos del mundo. Principalmente debido a la toxicidad del mercurio para los humanos, este problema ha recibido una atencion publica amplia y ha impulsado muchos estudios. A pesar de que estos estudios han involucrado el muestreo de peces, el efecto negativo de la contaminacion por mercurio en los mismos peces y otras especies de vida silvestre ha sido ignorado. Para evaluar los niveles actuales de contaminacion por mercurio en peces y sus implicaciones en otros animales, colectamos y examinamos datos sobre la concentracion de mercurio en peces del Amazonas brasileno, especialmente en la cuenca Tapajos, entre 1991 y 1996. Concluimos que los omnivoros y piscivoros que viven mas cerca de las areas de minas de oro en la cuenca Tapajos ya se encuentran en un alto riesgo de intoxicacion por mercurio, especialmente en riesgo de falla reproductiva. Las concentraciones de mercurio en estos peces son lo suficientemente altas como para causar un efecto danino en animales de niveles troficos mas altos. Las mismas conclusiones son validas para otras areas del Amazonas brasileno contaminadas con mercurio. Debido a que la mayoria de los rios del Amazonas o sus tributarios tienen condiciones favorables para la contaminacion por mercurio, podemos esperar que el problema persista en el Amazonas por un periodo de tiempo largo y es probable que las consecuencias sean aun mas significativas en el futuro. Estas conclusiones tienen implicaciones importantes para todos los bosques tropicales lluviosos donde las operaciones de extraccion de oro han causado una contaminacion extensiva de mercurio.
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abstract = {Abstract: Since 1979 the gold rush in the Brazilian Amazon has caused serious environmental damage to one of the most complex ecosystems on Earth. Mainly due to the toxicity of mercury to humans, this problem has received wide public attention and prompted many studies. Although these studies have involved sampling of fish, the negative effect of mercury contamination to fish themselves and other wildlife has been largely ignored. To assess the present level of mercury contamination of fish, and its implication for fish and other animals, we collected and examined data on mercury concentration in fish of the Brazilian Amazon, especially for the Tapajos basin, between 1991 and 1996. We conclude that omnivores and piscivores that live nearer to gold mining areas in the Tapajos basin are already at high risk of mercury toxification, especially reproductive failure. Mercury concentrations in these fish are also high enough to have detrimental effects on animals at higher trophic levels. The same conclusion applies to other mercury-contaminated areas in the Brazilian Amazon. Because most Amazonian rivers or their tributaries have favorable conditions for mercury contamination, we can expect the problem to persist in the Amazon for a long time, and the consequences are likely to become more significant in the future. These conclusions have important implications for all tropical rainforests where gold mining operations have caused extensive mercury pollution. Contaminacion de Peces por Mercurio y sus Implicaciones para Otras Especies de Vida Silvestre de la Cuenca Tapajos, del Amazonas Brasileno Resumen: Desde 1979, la extraccion del oro en el Amazonas brasileno ha ocasionado un dano ambiental serio a uno de los ecosistemas mas complejos del mundo. Principalmente debido a la toxicidad del mercurio para los humanos, este problema ha recibido una atencion publica amplia y ha impulsado muchos estudios. A pesar de que estos estudios han involucrado el muestreo de peces, el efecto negativo de la contaminacion por mercurio en los mismos peces y otras especies de vida silvestre ha sido ignorado. Para evaluar los niveles actuales de contaminacion por mercurio en peces y sus implicaciones en otros animales, colectamos y examinamos datos sobre la concentracion de mercurio en peces del Amazonas brasileno, especialmente en la cuenca Tapajos, entre 1991 y 1996. Concluimos que los omnivoros y piscivoros que viven mas cerca de las areas de minas de oro en la cuenca Tapajos ya se encuentran en un alto riesgo de intoxicacion por mercurio, especialmente en riesgo de falla reproductiva. Las concentraciones de mercurio en estos peces son lo suficientemente altas como para causar un efecto danino en animales de niveles troficos mas altos. Las mismas conclusiones son validas para otras areas del Amazonas brasileno contaminadas con mercurio. Debido a que la mayoria de los rios del Amazonas o sus tributarios tienen condiciones favorables para la contaminacion por mercurio, podemos esperar que el problema persista en el Amazonas por un periodo de tiempo largo y es probable que las consecuencias sean aun mas significativas en el futuro. Estas conclusiones tienen implicaciones importantes para todos los bosques tropicales lluviosos donde las operaciones de extraccion de oro han causado una contaminacion extensiva de mercurio.},
bibtype = {article},
author = {Uryu, Yumiko and Malm, Olaf and Thornton, Iain and Payne, Ian and Cleary, David},
journal = {Conservation Biology},
number = {2},
keywords = {D0064,GBMS}
}2000 (3)
Human exposure to mercury and the accumulation of methylmercury that is associated with gold mining in the Amazon Basin, Brazil. Akagi H, N., A. J Health Sci, 46(323):8, 2000.
bibtex
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@article{
title = {Human exposure to mercury and the accumulation of methylmercury that is associated with gold mining in the Amazon Basin, Brazil},
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}Distribution of mercury in the organs and tissues of five toothed-whale species of the Mediterranean. Frodello, J., P., Roméo, M., & Viale, D. Environmental Pollution, 108(3):447-52, 6, 2000.
Website abstract bibtex
Website abstract bibtex Mercury levels were determined in the tissues and organs (lung, liver, kidney, skin, muscle, bone) of five toothed-whales stranded along the Corsican coast between November 1993 and February 1996. The species taken into consideration were the bottlenose dolphin Tursiops truncatus, the common dolphin Delphinus delphis, the striped dolphin Stenella coeruleoalba, the pilot whale Globicephala melas and the Risso's dolphin Grampus griseus. The variation in mercury levels between the different tissues and organs (lung, liver, kidney, skin, muscle, bone) of the cetacean species are discussed as regards storage, biotransformation and elimination. In all cases, the liver appears to be the preferential organ for mercury accumulation (with concentrations as high as 4250 microg Hg/g dw and 3298 microg Hg/g in the livers of Tursiops truncatus and Grampus griseus, respectively). The kidney and lung are the next organs in terms of mercury uptake followed by the muscle, bone and skin. The stomach contents of Grampus griseus and D. delphis were determined and consisted of cephalopods for Grampus griseus, and of sardines Sardina pilchardus and mackerels Trachurus sp. for D. delphis. Cephalopods had higher mercury concentrations (25.4 microg Hg/g dw) than fish (ca 1 microg Hg/g). These contents represent only one meal and mercury levels found in livers may integrate mercury uptake having occurred during the whole life span of animals.
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title = {Distribution of mercury in the organs and tissues of five toothed-whale species of the Mediterranean.},
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abstract = {Mercury levels were determined in the tissues and organs (lung, liver, kidney, skin, muscle, bone) of five toothed-whales stranded along the Corsican coast between November 1993 and February 1996. The species taken into consideration were the bottlenose dolphin Tursiops truncatus, the common dolphin Delphinus delphis, the striped dolphin Stenella coeruleoalba, the pilot whale Globicephala melas and the Risso's dolphin Grampus griseus. The variation in mercury levels between the different tissues and organs (lung, liver, kidney, skin, muscle, bone) of the cetacean species are discussed as regards storage, biotransformation and elimination. In all cases, the liver appears to be the preferential organ for mercury accumulation (with concentrations as high as 4250 microg Hg/g dw and 3298 microg Hg/g in the livers of Tursiops truncatus and Grampus griseus, respectively). The kidney and lung are the next organs in terms of mercury uptake followed by the muscle, bone and skin. The stomach contents of Grampus griseus and D. delphis were determined and consisted of cephalopods for Grampus griseus, and of sardines Sardina pilchardus and mackerels Trachurus sp. for D. delphis. Cephalopods had higher mercury concentrations (25.4 microg Hg/g dw) than fish (ca 1 microg Hg/g). These contents represent only one meal and mercury levels found in livers may integrate mercury uptake having occurred during the whole life span of animals.},
bibtype = {article},
author = {Frodello, J P and Roméo, M and Viale, D},
journal = {Environmental Pollution},
number = {3}
}Mercury species in the liver of ringed seals. Wagemann, R., Trebacz, E., Boila, G., & Lockhart, W., L. The Science of the Total Environment, 261(1-3):21-32, 10, 2000.
Website abstract bibtex
Website abstract bibtex Four types of mercury species, namely, methylmercury, organic mercury other than methylmercury, inorganic mercury, and insoluble mercury, deemed to be mercuric selenide (HgSe), were found in the liver of 45 ringed seals from the Canadian Arctic. On average, methylmercury, at 2%, made up the smallest fraction of the total mercury in the liver of these animals. Of the total mercury concentration in seal liver, 53% was insoluble mercury, estimated to be largely mercuric selenide. Other workers have found this compound to be present in mammalian liver and identified it to be HgSe. Organic mercury other than methylmercury made up 4%, and inorganic mercury 42% of the total mercury in the liver. The sum of the independently determined mercury species agreed well with the total mercury concentration in the liver. Species other than mercuric selenide are known to be toxic. Mercuric selenide, considered to be a stable end product of the demethylation process of methylmercury, although not readily eliminated from the liver, is inert and apparently non-toxic. Only approximately half of the total mercury in the liver was potentially toxic mercury. All four mercury species were positively correlated with the age of animals, the regression slope on age being 20 times larger for insoluble Hg (HgSe) than for methylmercury. A number of reported observations, such as the long half-life of Hg in liver (> or = 10 years), the dependence of Hg on age, and the often-observed one-to-one relationship between Hg and Se (on a molar basis), are readily explained by the temporal accumulation of HgSe in the liver. In the future, a more accurate assessment of the health risk to animals and humans from the consumption of contaminated animal tissues will be possible, by measuring all mercury species rather than just total mercury or methylmercury. Total mercury alone in the liver is an inadequate indicator of toxicity to animals. Methylmercury was analyzed by capillary gas-liquid chromatography with ECD detection, and the other species were operationally/experimentally defined using physical/chemical methods.
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}1999 (6)
Levels of polychlorinated biphenlyls , organochlorine pesticides , mercury and lead in relation to shell thickness in marsh harrier (Circus aeruginosus) eggs from Charente-Maritime , France. Pain, D., J., Burneleau, G., Bavoux, C., & Wyatt, C. Environmental Pollution, 104:61-68, 1999.
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}Levels of cadmium and mercury in the hair of Atlantic walruses ( Odobenus rosmarus rosmarus ) from Svalbard , Norway. Wiig, O., Renzoni, A., & Gjertz, I. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 21:343-346, 1999.
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}Human health implications of environmental contaminants in Arctic Canada: A review. Van Oostdam, J., Gilman, A., Dewailly, E., Usher, P., Wheatley, B., Kuhnlein, H., Neve, S., Walker, J., Tracy, B., Feeley, M., Jerome, V., & Kwavnick, B. Science of The Total Environment, 230(1-3):1-82, 1999.
Website abstract bibtex
Website abstract bibtex This paper assesses the impact on human health of exposure to current levels of environmental contaminants in the Canadian Arctic, and identifies the data gaps that need to be filled by future human health research and monitoring. The concept of health in indigenous groups of the Arctic includes social, cultural, and spiritual dimensions. The harvesting, sharing and consumption of traditional foods are an integral component to good health among Aboriginal people influencing both physical health and social well-being. Traditional foods are also an economic necessity in many communities. Consequently, the contamination of country food raises problems which go far beyond the usual confines of public health and cannot be resolved by health advisories or food substitutions alone. The primary exposure pathway for the contaminants considered in this paper is through the traditional northern diet. For the Inuit, the OCs of primary concern at this time from the point of view of exposure are chlordane, toxaphene, and PCBs. Exposures are higher in the eastern than in the western region of the North. For Dene/Metis, exposure to OCs is in general below a level of concern. However, estimated intake of chlordane and toxaphene has been found to be elevated for certain groups and is a cause for concern if exposures are elevated on a regular basis. The developing foetus and breast-fed infant are likely to be more sensitive to the effects of OCs and metals than individual adults and are the age groups at greatest risk in the Arctic. Extensive sampling of human tissues in the Canadian north indicate that a significant proportion of Dene, Cree and Inuit had mean maternal hair mercury levels within the 5% risk-range proposed by the WHO for neonatal neurological damage. Based on current levels, lead does not appear to pose a health threat while cadmium is likely only a major risk factor for heavy smokers or consumers of large amounts of organ meats. Consumers of traditional foods are exposed to an approximately seven-fold higher radiation dose than non-consumers of traditional foods due predominantly to the bioaccumulation of natural radionuclides in the food chain. Risk determination for contaminants in country food involves a consideration of the type and amounts of food consumed and the sociocultural, nutritional, economic, and spiritual benefits associated with country foods. Risk management options that minimize the extent to which nutritional and sociocultural aspects of Aboriginal societies are compromised must always be considered. Copyright (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
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}Heavy metals and methylmercury in tissues of Risso's dolphin (Grampus griseus) and Cuvier's beaked whale (Ziphius cavirostris) straned in Itlaly (South Adriatic Sea). Storelli, M., M., Zizzo, N., & Marcotrigiano, G., O. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 63:703-710, 1999.
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}Guimaraes et al. 1999_Hg in human and environmental samples from two lakes in Amapa, Brazil.pdf. Guimaraes 1999.
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}Mercury levels in four species of sharks from the Atlantic coast of Florida. Adams, D., H. & McMichael, R., H., J. Fishery Bulletin, 97:372-379, 1999.
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}1996 (3)
Mercury levels and its chemical form in tissues and organs of seabirds. Kim, E., Y., Murakami, T., Saeki, K., & Tatsukawa, R. Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 30(2):259-266, 1996.
abstract bibtex
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Liver, muscle, kidney, and feather samples from nine species of seabirds were analyzed for total and organic (methyl) mercury (MM). Total mercury (TM) levels in liver showed great intra- and inter-species variations, with the concentrations varied from 306 mu g/g (dry weight) in black-footed albatross (Diomedea nigripes) to 4.9 mu g/g in arctic tern (Sterna paradisaea), while MM levels were less relatively variable. The order of MM concentrations in tissues of all the seabirds except oldsquaw (Clangula hyemalis) was as follows: liver > kidney > muscle. The mean percentage of MM in total was 35%, 36%, and 66% in liver, kidney, and muscle, respectively, for all the species. Statistically significant negative correlations were found between the proportion of MM to TM and concentrations of TM in the liver and muscle of black-footed albatross and in the liver of laysan albatross. Furthermore, the percentage of MM decreased with an increase in TM concentrations in the liver, muscle, and kidney of all the species. Black-footed albatross had the highest concentration and burden of mercury in the liver, wherein more than 70% of the TM occurred as inorganic mercury. On the other hand, the mercury burdens in feathers were less than 10% of the body burdens, indicating that excretion of mercury by moulting is negligible. The results suggest that some seabirds are capable of demethylating MM in the tissues (mainly in liver), and store mercury as an immobilizable inorganic form in the liver. It is noteworthy that the species with a high degree of demethylation capacity and slow moulting pattern showed low mercury burdens in feathers.
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}Trace element accumulation in Baikal seal (Phoca sibirica) from the Lake Baikal. Watanabe, I., Ichihashi, H., Tanabe, S., Amano, M., Miyazaki, N., Petrovc, E., A., & Tatsukawaax, R. Environmental Pollution, 94(2):169-179, 1996.
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}Monitoring of fish and human exposure to mercury due to gold mining in the Lake Victoria goldfields, Tanzania. Ikingura, J R & Akagi, H. Science of the total environment, 191(1-2):59-68, 1996.
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Monitoring of environmental and human exposure to mercury in the Nungwe Bay area of the Lake Victoria goldfields. Tanzania, has revealed low mercury concentrations in fish (range: 1.8–16.9 ppb, mean: 7.0 ppb) and human hair (range: 156–5433 ppb, mean: 947 ppb) that represent background levels. Gold mining has not produced a significant increase in environmental methylmercury that is available for bioaccummulation in aquatic food chains. Urinary mercury levels in gold mine workers frequently exposed to Hg vapour in amalgamation and burning of amalgam were significantly higher (mean: 241 ng/ml) than those in the general mine population not occupational exposed to Hg (mean: 2.6 ng/ml). Rotation of mine duties reduced Hg exposure levels and hence the risk of intoxication in the gold mine workers. The lowest urinary and hair mercury levels were found in the Nungwe Bay fishing village population. This was consistent with the low mercury content of fish consumed by the inhabitants of the Nungwe Bay.
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}1991 (1)
Metal accumulation in tissues of sharks from the Bahía Blanca Estuary, Argentina. Marcovecchio, J., E., Moreno, V., J., & Pérez, A. Marine Environmental Research, 31:263-274, 1991.
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}1989 (1)
Trace elements intake in the Faroe Islands. III. Element concentrations in human organs in populations from Bergen (Norway) and the Faroe Islands. Julshamn, K., Andersen, K., J., Svendsen, E., Ringdal, O., & Egholm, M. The Science of the total environment, 84:25-33, 1989.
abstract bibtex
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Flameless as well as flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry were used for the analysis of six elements (calcium, iron, zinc, selenium, cadmium and mercury) in human organs (liver, kidney cortex and medulla, heart, pancreas and spleen) from 13 bodies from Bergen and 10 from the Faroe Islands. Samples were taken at autopsy and the organs selected were without pathological signs. All patients were born between 1899 and 1923. Element concentrations in the organs studied were comparable to previous studies, except for high mercury and selenium values in the liver, the kidney cortex and medulla of subjects from the Faroe Islands. The high mercury and selenium values may be explained by the high consumption of pilot whales by the Faroe Islands population.
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Changes in mercury levels in harbor porpoises from the Bay of Fundy, Canada, and adjacent waters during 1969-1977. Gaskin, D., E., Stonefield, K., I., Suda, P., & Frank, R. Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 762:733-762, 1979.
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Elevated mercury concentrations in soils, sediments, water, and fish of the Madeira River basin, Brazilian Amazon: a function of natural enrichnments?. Lechler, P., Miller, J., Lacerda, L., Vinson, D., Bonzongo, J., Lyons, W., & Warwick, J.
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title = {Elevated mercury concentrations in soils, sediments, water, and fish of the Madeira River basin, Brazilian Amazon: a function of natural enrichnments?},
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} Metal accumulation in tissues of sharks from the Bahia Blanca Estuary, Argentina. Marcovecchio et al.
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