Analysis of Juniperus Phoenicea from throughout Its Range in the Mediterranean Using DNA Sequence Data from nrDNA and petN-psbM: The Case for the Recognition of J. Turbinata Guss. Adams, R. P., Boratynski, A., Arista, M., Schwarzbach, A. E., Leschner, H., Liber, Z., Minissale, P., Mataraci, T., & Manolis, A. 95(2):202–209.
Analysis of Juniperus Phoenicea from throughout Its Range in the Mediterranean Using DNA Sequence Data from nrDNA and petN-psbM: The Case for the Recognition of J. Turbinata Guss [pdf]Paper  abstract   bibtex   
DNA sequences were analyzed from 19 populations of J. phoeniceafrom throughout its range. The sequence data (nrDNA, petN-psbM) revealed that J. phoeniceais clearly divided into two taxa. These taxa have been recognized as var. (subsp.) phoeniceaand var. (subsp.) turbinataby Adams (2011) and Farjon (2005). However, the magnitude of the differences in the DNA regions, along with the differences in pollen shedding times, morphology and prodelphinidin content support the recognition of J. turbinataGuss. No differentiation was found between the typical Mediterranean and Canary Island populations, offering no support for the recognition of J. phoeniceasubsp. canariensis(Guyot) Rivas-Martinez. Juniperus turbinataappears to be widespread from Madeira - Canary Islands to the Sinai with few DNA differences among most populations. However, some populations (Grazalema, Madeira, Sinai, central Italy) had moderate amounts of divergence (3-4 mutations) and warrant additional study.

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