Neurobiology of addiction versus drug use driven by lack of choice. Ahmed, S. H, Lenoir, M., & Guillem, K. Curr. Opin. Neurobiol., 23(4):581--587, August, 2013. 00000
Neurobiology of addiction versus drug use driven by lack of choice [link]Paper  doi  abstract   bibtex   
Research on the neurobiology of addiction often involves nonhuman animals that are given ready access to drugs for self-administration but without other choices. Here we argue using cocaine as an example that this standard setting may no longer be sufficient and can even lead to the formulation of unrealistic views about the neurobiology of addiction. Addiction as a psychiatric disorder is defined as resulting from brain dysfunctions that affect normal choice-making, not as an expectable response to lack of alternative choices. We encourage neurobiologists involved in addiction research to increase animals' choice during drug access, preferably by supplying alternative rewarding pursuits. Only animals that continue to take and prefer drugs despite and at the expense of other available choices may be considered as having developed an addiction-like behavior in comparison to those that remain able to stop drug use for other pursuits, even after extended drug use. The systematic comparison of these two individual behaviors should reveal new insights about the neurobiology of drug choice and addiction. More generally, this research should also shed a unique light on how the brain 'chooses' among qualitatively different kinds of pursuits.
@article{ahmed_neurobiology_2013,
	title = {Neurobiology of addiction versus drug use driven by lack of choice},
	volume = {23},
	issn = {0959-4388},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.conb.2013.01.028},
	doi = {10.1016/j.conb.2013.01.028},
	abstract = {Research on the neurobiology of addiction often involves nonhuman animals
that are given ready access to drugs for self-administration but without
other choices. Here we argue using cocaine as an example that this
standard setting may no longer be sufficient and can even lead to the
formulation of unrealistic views about the neurobiology of addiction.
Addiction as a psychiatric disorder is defined as resulting from brain
dysfunctions that affect normal choice-making, not as an expectable
response to lack of alternative choices. We encourage neurobiologists
involved in addiction research to increase animals' choice during drug
access, preferably by supplying alternative rewarding pursuits. Only
animals that continue to take and prefer drugs despite and at the expense
of other available choices may be considered as having developed an
addiction-like behavior in comparison to those that remain able to stop
drug use for other pursuits, even after extended drug use. The systematic
comparison of these two individual behaviors should reveal new insights
about the neurobiology of drug choice and addiction. More generally, this
research should also shed a unique light on how the brain 'chooses' among
qualitatively different kinds of pursuits.},
	number = {4},
	journal = {Curr. Opin. Neurobiol.},
	author = {Ahmed, Serge H and Lenoir, Magalie and Guillem, Karine},
	month = aug,
	year = {2013},
	note = {00000},
	keywords = {Sep 20 import, duplicate},
	pages = {581--587}
}

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