@book{alcaro_europe_2018,
	address = {Cham},
	title = {Europe and {Iran}'s {Nuclear} {Crisis}: {Lead} {Groups} and {EU} {Foreign} {Policy}-{Making}},
	isbn = {3-319-74297-3},
	abstract = {This book investigates the European involvement in managing the nuclear dispute with Iran, shedding new light on EU foreign policy-making. The author focuses on the peculiar format through which the EU managed Iran's nuclear issue: a 'lead group' consisting of France, Germany and the UK and the High Representative for EU foreign policy (E3/EU). The experience of the E3/EU lends credibility to the claim that lead groups give EU foreign policy direction and substance. The E3/EU set up a negotiating framework that worked as a de-escalating tool, a catalyst for Security Council unity and a forum for crisis management. They inflicted pain on Iran by adopting a comprehensive sanctions regime, but did so only having secured US commitment to a diplomatic solution. Once the deal was reached, they defended it vigorously. The E3/EU may have been supporting actors, but their achievements were real.},
	publisher = {Springer International Publishing AG},
	author = {Alcaro, Riccardo},
	year = {2018},
	doi = {10.1007/978-3-319-74298-4},
	keywords = {Economic sanctions, European Union Politics, Foreign Policy, International Security Studies, Nuclear arms control-Europe, Nuclear nonproliferation, Political Science and International Relations},
}

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