@article{allen_fully-modelled_2023,
	title = {Fully-modelled blood-focused variable inversion times for {3D} late gadolinium-enhanced imaging},
	volume = {98},
	issn = {0730-725X},
	url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0730725X22002296},
	doi = {10.1016/j.mri.2022.12.014},
	abstract = {Purpose
Variable heart rate during single-cycle inversion-recovery Late Gadolinium-Enhanced (LGE) scanning degrades image quality, which can be mitigated using Variable Inversion Times (VTIs) in real-time response to R-R interval changes. We investigate in vivo and in simulations an extension of a single-cycle VTI method previously applied in 3D LGE imaging, that now fully models the longitudinal magnetisation (fmVTI).
Methods
The VTI and fmVTI methods were used to perform 3D LGE scans for 28 3D LGE patients, with qualitative image quality scores assigned for left atrial wall clarity and total ghosting. Accompanying simulations of numerical phantom images were assessed in terms of ghosting of normal myocardium, blood, and myocardial scar.
Results
The numerical simulations for fmVTI showed a significant decrease in blood ghosting (VTI: 410 ± 710, fmVTI: 68 ± 40, p {\textless} 0.0005) and scar ghosting (VTI: 830 ± 1300, fmVTI: 510 ± 730, p {\textless} 0.02). Despite this, there was no significant change in qualitative image quality scores, either for left atrial wall clarity (VTI: 2.0 ± 1.0, fmVTI: 1.8 ± 1.0, p {\textgreater} 0.1) or for total ghosting (VTI: 1.9 ± 1.0, fmVTI: 2.0 ± 1.0, p {\textgreater} 0.7).
Conclusions
Simulations indicated reduced ghosting with the fmVTI method, due to reduced Mz variability in the blood signal. However, other sources of phase-encode ghosting and blurring appeared to dominate and obscure this finding in the patient studies available.},
	urldate = {2024-02-12},
	journal = {Magnetic Resonance Imaging},
	author = {Allen, Jack J. and Keegan, Jennifer and Mathew, George and Conway, Miriam and Jenkins, Sophie and Pennell, Dudley J. and Nielles-Vallespin, Sonia and Gatehouse, Peter and Babu-Narayan, Sonya V.},
	month = may,
	year = {2023},
	keywords = {Arrhythmia, Atrial fibrillation, Cardiac, Late gadolinium-enhanced (LGE) imaging, Myocardium, Variable inversion time (VTI)},
	pages = {44--54},
}

{"_id":"utFRjmnzuFJtQS2AD","bibbaseid":"allen-keegan-mathew-conway-jenkins-pennell-niellesvallespin-gatehouse-etal-fullymodelledbloodfocusedvariableinversiontimesfor3dlategadoliniumenhancedimaging-2023","author_short":["Allen, J. J.","Keegan, J.","Mathew, G.","Conway, M.","Jenkins, S.","Pennell, D. J.","Nielles-Vallespin, S.","Gatehouse, P.","Babu-Narayan, S. V."],"bibdata":{"bibtype":"article","type":"article","title":"Fully-modelled blood-focused variable inversion times for 3D late gadolinium-enhanced imaging","volume":"98","issn":"0730-725X","url":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0730725X22002296","doi":"10.1016/j.mri.2022.12.014","abstract":"Purpose Variable heart rate during single-cycle inversion-recovery Late Gadolinium-Enhanced (LGE) scanning degrades image quality, which can be mitigated using Variable Inversion Times (VTIs) in real-time response to R-R interval changes. We investigate in vivo and in simulations an extension of a single-cycle VTI method previously applied in 3D LGE imaging, that now fully models the longitudinal magnetisation (fmVTI). Methods The VTI and fmVTI methods were used to perform 3D LGE scans for 28 3D LGE patients, with qualitative image quality scores assigned for left atrial wall clarity and total ghosting. Accompanying simulations of numerical phantom images were assessed in terms of ghosting of normal myocardium, blood, and myocardial scar. Results The numerical simulations for fmVTI showed a significant decrease in blood ghosting (VTI: 410 ± 710, fmVTI: 68 ± 40, p \\textless 0.0005) and scar ghosting (VTI: 830 ± 1300, fmVTI: 510 ± 730, p \\textless 0.02). Despite this, there was no significant change in qualitative image quality scores, either for left atrial wall clarity (VTI: 2.0 ± 1.0, fmVTI: 1.8 ± 1.0, p \\textgreater 0.1) or for total ghosting (VTI: 1.9 ± 1.0, fmVTI: 2.0 ± 1.0, p \\textgreater 0.7). Conclusions Simulations indicated reduced ghosting with the fmVTI method, due to reduced Mz variability in the blood signal. However, other sources of phase-encode ghosting and blurring appeared to dominate and obscure this finding in the patient studies available.","urldate":"2024-02-12","journal":"Magnetic Resonance Imaging","author":[{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Allen"],"firstnames":["Jack","J."],"suffixes":[]},{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Keegan"],"firstnames":["Jennifer"],"suffixes":[]},{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Mathew"],"firstnames":["George"],"suffixes":[]},{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Conway"],"firstnames":["Miriam"],"suffixes":[]},{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Jenkins"],"firstnames":["Sophie"],"suffixes":[]},{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Pennell"],"firstnames":["Dudley","J."],"suffixes":[]},{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Nielles-Vallespin"],"firstnames":["Sonia"],"suffixes":[]},{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Gatehouse"],"firstnames":["Peter"],"suffixes":[]},{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Babu-Narayan"],"firstnames":["Sonya","V."],"suffixes":[]}],"month":"May","year":"2023","keywords":"Arrhythmia, Atrial fibrillation, Cardiac, Late gadolinium-enhanced (LGE) imaging, Myocardium, Variable inversion time (VTI)","pages":"44–54","bibtex":"@article{allen_fully-modelled_2023,\n\ttitle = {Fully-modelled blood-focused variable inversion times for {3D} late gadolinium-enhanced imaging},\n\tvolume = {98},\n\tissn = {0730-725X},\n\turl = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0730725X22002296},\n\tdoi = {10.1016/j.mri.2022.12.014},\n\tabstract = {Purpose\nVariable heart rate during single-cycle inversion-recovery Late Gadolinium-Enhanced (LGE) scanning degrades image quality, which can be mitigated using Variable Inversion Times (VTIs) in real-time response to R-R interval changes. We investigate in vivo and in simulations an extension of a single-cycle VTI method previously applied in 3D LGE imaging, that now fully models the longitudinal magnetisation (fmVTI).\nMethods\nThe VTI and fmVTI methods were used to perform 3D LGE scans for 28 3D LGE patients, with qualitative image quality scores assigned for left atrial wall clarity and total ghosting. Accompanying simulations of numerical phantom images were assessed in terms of ghosting of normal myocardium, blood, and myocardial scar.\nResults\nThe numerical simulations for fmVTI showed a significant decrease in blood ghosting (VTI: 410 ± 710, fmVTI: 68 ± 40, p {\\textless} 0.0005) and scar ghosting (VTI: 830 ± 1300, fmVTI: 510 ± 730, p {\\textless} 0.02). Despite this, there was no significant change in qualitative image quality scores, either for left atrial wall clarity (VTI: 2.0 ± 1.0, fmVTI: 1.8 ± 1.0, p {\\textgreater} 0.1) or for total ghosting (VTI: 1.9 ± 1.0, fmVTI: 2.0 ± 1.0, p {\\textgreater} 0.7).\nConclusions\nSimulations indicated reduced ghosting with the fmVTI method, due to reduced Mz variability in the blood signal. However, other sources of phase-encode ghosting and blurring appeared to dominate and obscure this finding in the patient studies available.},\n\turldate = {2024-02-12},\n\tjournal = {Magnetic Resonance Imaging},\n\tauthor = {Allen, Jack J. and Keegan, Jennifer and Mathew, George and Conway, Miriam and Jenkins, Sophie and Pennell, Dudley J. and Nielles-Vallespin, Sonia and Gatehouse, Peter and Babu-Narayan, Sonya V.},\n\tmonth = may,\n\tyear = {2023},\n\tkeywords = {Arrhythmia, Atrial fibrillation, Cardiac, Late gadolinium-enhanced (LGE) imaging, Myocardium, Variable inversion time (VTI)},\n\tpages = {44--54},\n}\n\n","author_short":["Allen, J. J.","Keegan, J.","Mathew, G.","Conway, M.","Jenkins, S.","Pennell, D. J.","Nielles-Vallespin, S.","Gatehouse, P.","Babu-Narayan, S. 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