@article{Alobwede2022,
abstract = {Background: Healthcare workers are at an increased risk of acquiring vaccine-preventable diseases and are known to be reliable source of information for the patients and their relatives. Knowledge and attitudes of Healthcare workers about vaccines are thus important determinants of their own vaccination uptake and their intention to recommend vaccinations to their patients. However, culturally adapted tools and studies to address vaccine uptake and hesitancy as well as related behaviours among Healthcare workers in the Global South are limited. Methods: We propose a mixed methods project to understand the extent and determinants of vaccination hesitancy among Healthcare workers and construct a validated scale to measure this complex and context-specific phenomenon in Cape Town. We will summarise responses as counts and percentages for categorical variables and means with standard deviations (or median with inter quartile ranges) for continuous variables. We will run the Shapiro-Wilks test to assess the normality. Analysis of the variance, chi-square tests, and equivalents will be conducted as appropriate for group comparisons. Logistic regression models will also be performed to assess association between variables. We will focus on the seasonal influenza and COVID-19 vaccine. We will use an existing tool developed and validated in Germany and the United States of America to measure five psychological determinants of vaccination (referred to as the 5C scale), as the basis to develop and validate a scale to measure the scope and determinants of vaccine hesitancy and acceptance among Healthcare workers in Cape Town. Discussion and conclusion: Through this study, we hope to expand the scientific evidence based on vaccination acceptance and demand among Healthcare workers in South Africa and build resources to enable better understanding of, detection, and response to vaccination hesitancy in Cape Town. {\#}{\#}{\#} Competing Interest Statement The authors have declared no competing interest. {\#}{\#}{\#} Funding Statement SMA is supported by Partners in Sexual Health, Cape Town, South Africa. MS is supported by the Wellcome Trust Intermediate Fellowship (Grant{\#}: 211360/18/Z) and the South African National Research Foundation (Grant{\#}: 127558). This manuscript was funded by the South African Medical Research Council (through the Cochrane South Africa baseline funding project code 43500) The funders had and will not have a role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. www.wellcome.ac.uk www.samrc.ac.za www.psh.org.za {\#}{\#}{\#} Author Declarations I confirm all relevant ethical guidelines have been followed, and any necessary IRB and/or ethics committee approvals have been obtained. Not Applicable The details of the IRB/oversight body that provided approval or exemption for the research described are given below: University of Cape Town Human Research Ethics Committee, HREC Reference 858/2020 I confirm that all necessary patient/participant consent has been obtained and the appropriate institutional forms have been archived, and that any patient/participant/sample identifiers included were not known to anyone (e.g., hospital staff, patients or participants themselves) outside the research group so cannot be used to identify individuals. Not Applicable I understand that all clinical trials and any other prospective interventional studies must be registered with an ICMJE-approved registry, such as ClinicalTrials.gov. I confirm that any such study reported in the manuscript has been registered and the trial registration ID is provided (note: if posting a prospective study registered retrospectively, please provide a statement in the trial ID field explaining why the study was not registered in advance). Not Applicable I have followed all appropriate research reporting guidelines and uploaded the relevant EQUATOR Network research reporting checklist(s) and other pertinent material as supplementary files, if applicable. Not Applicable Deidentified research data will be made publicly available when the study is completed and published.},
author = {Alobwede, Samuel Muabe and Katoto, Patrick and Cooper, Sara and Lumngwena, Evelyn and Kidzeru, Elvis and Goliath, Rene and Jackson, Amanda and Wiysonge, Charles and Shey, Muki},
doi = {10.1101/2022.06.06.22276038},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/01462563/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Alobwede et al. - 2022 - Cross-cultural adaptation and validation of the 5C scale to identify factors associated with COVID-19 and influ.pdf:pdf},
journal = {medRxiv},
keywords = {OA,fund{\_}not{\_}ack,protocol},
mendeley-tags = {OA,fund{\_}not{\_}ack,protocol},
month = {jun},
pages = {2022.06.06.22276038},
publisher = {Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press},
title = {{Cross-cultural adaptation and validation of the 5C scale to identify factors associated with COVID-19 and influenza vaccine hesitancy among healthcare workers in Cape Town, South Africa – a protocol}},
url = {https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.06.06.22276038v1 https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.06.06.22276038v1.abstract},
volume = {17},
year = {2022}
}

{"_id":"wqXaJ8R6h2Jk8hrez","bibbaseid":"alobwede-katoto-cooper-lumngwena-kidzeru-goliath-jackson-wiysonge-etal-crossculturaladaptationandvalidationofthe5cscaletoidentifyfactorsassociatedwithcovid19andinfluenzavaccinehesitancyamonghealthcareworkersincapetownsouthafricaaprotocol-2022","author_short":["Alobwede, S. M.","Katoto, P.","Cooper, S.","Lumngwena, E.","Kidzeru, E.","Goliath, R.","Jackson, A.","Wiysonge, C.","Shey, M."],"bibdata":{"bibtype":"article","type":"article","abstract":"Background: Healthcare workers are at an increased risk of acquiring vaccine-preventable diseases and are known to be reliable source of information for the patients and their relatives. Knowledge and attitudes of Healthcare workers about vaccines are thus important determinants of their own vaccination uptake and their intention to recommend vaccinations to their patients. However, culturally adapted tools and studies to address vaccine uptake and hesitancy as well as related behaviours among Healthcare workers in the Global South are limited. Methods: We propose a mixed methods project to understand the extent and determinants of vaccination hesitancy among Healthcare workers and construct a validated scale to measure this complex and context-specific phenomenon in Cape Town. We will summarise responses as counts and percentages for categorical variables and means with standard deviations (or median with inter quartile ranges) for continuous variables. We will run the Shapiro-Wilks test to assess the normality. Analysis of the variance, chi-square tests, and equivalents will be conducted as appropriate for group comparisons. Logistic regression models will also be performed to assess association between variables. We will focus on the seasonal influenza and COVID-19 vaccine. We will use an existing tool developed and validated in Germany and the United States of America to measure five psychological determinants of vaccination (referred to as the 5C scale), as the basis to develop and validate a scale to measure the scope and determinants of vaccine hesitancy and acceptance among Healthcare workers in Cape Town. Discussion and conclusion: Through this study, we hope to expand the scientific evidence based on vaccination acceptance and demand among Healthcare workers in South Africa and build resources to enable better understanding of, detection, and response to vaccination hesitancy in Cape Town. ### Competing Interest Statement The authors have declared no competing interest. ### Funding Statement SMA is supported by Partners in Sexual Health, Cape Town, South Africa. MS is supported by the Wellcome Trust Intermediate Fellowship (Grant#: 211360/18/Z) and the South African National Research Foundation (Grant#: 127558). This manuscript was funded by the South African Medical Research Council (through the Cochrane South Africa baseline funding project code 43500) The funders had and will not have a role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. www.wellcome.ac.uk www.samrc.ac.za www.psh.org.za ### Author Declarations I confirm all relevant ethical guidelines have been followed, and any necessary IRB and/or ethics committee approvals have been obtained. Not Applicable The details of the IRB/oversight body that provided approval or exemption for the research described are given below: University of Cape Town Human Research Ethics Committee, HREC Reference 858/2020 I confirm that all necessary patient/participant consent has been obtained and the appropriate institutional forms have been archived, and that any patient/participant/sample identifiers included were not known to anyone (e.g., hospital staff, patients or participants themselves) outside the research group so cannot be used to identify individuals. Not Applicable I understand that all clinical trials and any other prospective interventional studies must be registered with an ICMJE-approved registry, such as ClinicalTrials.gov. I confirm that any such study reported in the manuscript has been registered and the trial registration ID is provided (note: if posting a prospective study registered retrospectively, please provide a statement in the trial ID field explaining why the study was not registered in advance). Not Applicable I have followed all appropriate research reporting guidelines and uploaded the relevant EQUATOR Network research reporting checklist(s) and other pertinent material as supplementary files, if applicable. Not Applicable Deidentified research data will be made publicly available when the study is completed and published.","author":[{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Alobwede"],"firstnames":["Samuel","Muabe"],"suffixes":[]},{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Katoto"],"firstnames":["Patrick"],"suffixes":[]},{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Cooper"],"firstnames":["Sara"],"suffixes":[]},{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Lumngwena"],"firstnames":["Evelyn"],"suffixes":[]},{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Kidzeru"],"firstnames":["Elvis"],"suffixes":[]},{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Goliath"],"firstnames":["Rene"],"suffixes":[]},{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Jackson"],"firstnames":["Amanda"],"suffixes":[]},{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Wiysonge"],"firstnames":["Charles"],"suffixes":[]},{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Shey"],"firstnames":["Muki"],"suffixes":[]}],"doi":"10.1101/2022.06.06.22276038","file":":C$\\$:/Users/01462563/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Alobwede et al. - 2022 - Cross-cultural adaptation and validation of the 5C scale to identify factors associated with COVID-19 and influ.pdf:pdf","journal":"medRxiv","keywords":"OA,fund_not_ack,protocol","mendeley-tags":"OA,fund_not_ack,protocol","month":"jun","pages":"2022.06.06.22276038","publisher":"Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press","title":"Cross-cultural adaptation and validation of the 5C scale to identify factors associated with COVID-19 and influenza vaccine hesitancy among healthcare workers in Cape Town, South Africa – a protocol","url":"https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.06.06.22276038v1 https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.06.06.22276038v1.abstract","volume":"17","year":"2022","bibtex":"@article{Alobwede2022,\r\nabstract = {Background: Healthcare workers are at an increased risk of acquiring vaccine-preventable diseases and are known to be reliable source of information for the patients and their relatives. Knowledge and attitudes of Healthcare workers about vaccines are thus important determinants of their own vaccination uptake and their intention to recommend vaccinations to their patients. However, culturally adapted tools and studies to address vaccine uptake and hesitancy as well as related behaviours among Healthcare workers in the Global South are limited. Methods: We propose a mixed methods project to understand the extent and determinants of vaccination hesitancy among Healthcare workers and construct a validated scale to measure this complex and context-specific phenomenon in Cape Town. We will summarise responses as counts and percentages for categorical variables and means with standard deviations (or median with inter quartile ranges) for continuous variables. We will run the Shapiro-Wilks test to assess the normality. Analysis of the variance, chi-square tests, and equivalents will be conducted as appropriate for group comparisons. 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Not Applicable The details of the IRB/oversight body that provided approval or exemption for the research described are given below: University of Cape Town Human Research Ethics Committee, HREC Reference 858/2020 I confirm that all necessary patient/participant consent has been obtained and the appropriate institutional forms have been archived, and that any patient/participant/sample identifiers included were not known to anyone (e.g., hospital staff, patients or participants themselves) outside the research group so cannot be used to identify individuals. Not Applicable I understand that all clinical trials and any other prospective interventional studies must be registered with an ICMJE-approved registry, such as ClinicalTrials.gov. I confirm that any such study reported in the manuscript has been registered and the trial registration ID is provided (note: if posting a prospective study registered retrospectively, please provide a statement in the trial ID field explaining why the study was not registered in advance). Not Applicable I have followed all appropriate research reporting guidelines and uploaded the relevant EQUATOR Network research reporting checklist(s) and other pertinent material as supplementary files, if applicable. 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