@article{
 title = {Using an F-2 screen to search for resistance alleles to Bacillus thuringiensis toxin in European corn borer (Lepidoptera : Crambidae)},
 type = {article},
 year = {1998},
 pages = {579-584},
 volume = {91},
 websites = {<Go to ISI>://000074273400004},
 id = {4950cbc1-2b6c-3fd3-9bad-69c3975c3cee},
 created = {2012-01-04T19:06:03.000Z},
 file_attached = {false},
 profile_id = {1a467167-0a41-3583-a6a3-034c31031332},
 group_id = {0e532975-1a47-38a4-ace8-4fe5968bcd72},
 last_modified = {2012-01-04T19:21:45.000Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {false},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 source_type = {Journal Article},
 abstract = {We present an application of an F-2 screening method for recovering and estimating the frequencies of rare alleles that confer insect resistance to a transgenic corn variety producing Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner crystal protein toxin (Bt corn). Based on a sample of 91 female Ostrinia nubilalis (Hubner) we show with 95% confidence that the frequency of B. thuringiensis resistance alleles from a wild Minnesota population is <0.013. This is an upper limit to the estimated allele frequency and does not provide clear evidence that 1 of the assumptions of the refuge plus high-dose strategy will or will not be met. With additional sampling, a more precise estimate of resistance allele frequency could be obtained that would clearly support or refute 1 of the assumptions of the refuge plus high-dose strategy. Variable costs of the screening method were $19.70 per female line, but these could be reduced by improved collecting, rearing; and handling methods.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Andow, D A and Alstad, D N and Pang, Y H and Bolin, P C and Hutchison, W D},
 journal = {Journal of Economic Entomology},
 number = {3}
}

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