Measuring Sea Level with GPS-Equipped Buoys: A Multi-Instruments Experiment at Aix Island. André, G., Míguez, B. M., Ballu, V., Testut, L., & Wöppelmann, G. The International Hydrographic Review, 2013.
Measuring Sea Level with GPS-Equipped Buoys: A Multi-Instruments Experiment at Aix Island [link]Paper  abstract   bibtex   
Measuring sea-level in a global reference frame with sub-centimeter accuracy is a relevant challenge in the context of current global warming and associated sea-level rise. Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) can provide sea-level measurements directly referenced in an absolute geocentric frame. We present here the results of a multi-instruments experiment with three buoys equipped with Global Positioning System (GPS), a radar tide gauge and a tide pole. This experiment was carried out at Aix Island (West coast of France) on the 27-28 March 2012. The GPS buoys were evaluated against conventional tide gauge measurements through a Van de Casteele test. The Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) computed from the difference between the GPS-buoys and radar tide gauge data ranges from 1 cm to 2.2 cm, which is suitable for tidal applications and offers interesting perspectives for future sea-level variations studies.
@article{andre_measuring_2013,
	title = {Measuring {Sea} {Level} with {GPS}-{Equipped} {Buoys}: {A} {Multi}-{Instruments} {Experiment} at {Aix} {Island}},
	copyright = {Copyright (c) 2015 The International Hydrographic Review},
	issn = {0020-6946},
	shorttitle = {Measuring {Sea} {Level} with {GPS}-{Equipped} {Buoys}},
	url = {https://journals.lib.unb.ca/index.php/ihr/article/view/22826},
	abstract = {Measuring sea-level in a global reference frame with sub-centimeter accuracy is a relevant challenge in the context of current global warming and associated sea-level rise. Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) can provide sea-level measurements directly referenced in an absolute geocentric frame. We present here the results of a multi-instruments experiment with three buoys equipped with Global Positioning System (GPS), a radar tide gauge and a tide pole. This experiment was carried out at Aix Island (West coast of France) on the 27-28 March 2012. The GPS buoys were evaluated against conventional tide gauge measurements through a Van de Casteele test. The Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) computed from the difference between the GPS-buoys and radar tide gauge data ranges from 1 cm to 2.2 cm, which is suitable for tidal applications and offers interesting perspectives for future sea-level variations studies.},
	language = {en},
	urldate = {2020-01-27},
	journal = {The International Hydrographic Review},
	author = {André, Gaël and Míguez, Belén Martín and Ballu, Valérie and Testut, Laurent and Wöppelmann, Guy},
	year = {2013}
}

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