@conference {raykova-pet2008,
	title = {PAR: Payment for Anonymous Routing},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the Eighth International Symposium on Privacy Enhancing Technologies (PETS 2008)},
	year = {2008},
	month = {July},
	pages = {219{\textendash}236},
	publisher = {Springer},
	organization = {Springer},
	address = {Leuven, Belgium},
	abstract = {Despite the growth of the Internet and the increasing concern for privacy of online communications, current deployments of anonymization networks depend on a very small set of nodes that volunteer their bandwidth. We believe that the main reason is not disbelief in their ability to protect anonymity, but rather the practical limitations in bandwidth and latency that stem from limited participation. This limited participation, in turn, is due to a lack of incentives to participate. We propose providing economic incentives, which historically have worked very well.
In this paper, we demonstrate a payment scheme that can be used to compensate nodes which provide anonymity in Tor, an existing onion routing, anonymizing network. We show that current anonymous payment schemes are not suitable and introduce a hybrid payment system based on a combination of the Peppercoin Micropayment system and a new type of {\textquotedblleft}one use{\textquotedblright} electronic cash. Our system claims to maintain users{\textquoteright} anonymity, although payment techniques mentioned previously {\textendash} when adopted individually {\textendash} provably fail.},
	keywords = {anonymity, onion routing, Tor},
	doi = {10.1007/978-3-540-70630-4},
	url = {http://www.springerlink.com/content/r1h1046823587382/},
	author = {Elli Androulaki and Mariana Raykova and Shreyas Srivatsan and Angelos Stavrou and Steven M. Bellovin},
	editor = {Borisov, Nikita and Ian Goldberg}
}

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We believe that the main reason is not disbelief in their ability to protect anonymity, but rather the practical limitations in bandwidth and latency that stem from limited participation. This limited participation, in turn, is due to a lack of incentives to participate. We propose providing economic incentives, which historically have worked very well. In this paper, we demonstrate a payment scheme that can be used to compensate nodes which provide anonymity in Tor, an existing onion routing, anonymizing network. We show that current anonymous payment schemes are not suitable and introduce a hybrid payment system based on a combination of the Peppercoin Micropayment system and a new type of \\textquotedblleftone use\\textquotedblright electronic cash. Our system claims to maintain users\\textquoteright anonymity, although payment techniques mentioned previously \\textendash when adopted individually \\textendash provably fail.","keywords":"anonymity, onion routing, Tor","doi":"10.1007/978-3-540-70630-4","url":"http://www.springerlink.com/content/r1h1046823587382/","author":[{"firstnames":["Elli"],"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Androulaki"],"suffixes":[]},{"firstnames":["Mariana"],"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Raykova"],"suffixes":[]},{"firstnames":["Shreyas"],"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Srivatsan"],"suffixes":[]},{"firstnames":["Angelos"],"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Stavrou"],"suffixes":[]},{"firstnames":["Steven","M."],"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Bellovin"],"suffixes":[]}],"editor":[{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Borisov"],"firstnames":["Nikita"],"suffixes":[]},{"firstnames":["Ian"],"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Goldberg"],"suffixes":[]}],"bibtex":"@conference {raykova-pet2008,\n\ttitle = {PAR: Payment for Anonymous Routing},\n\tbooktitle = {Proceedings of the Eighth International Symposium on Privacy Enhancing Technologies (PETS 2008)},\n\tyear = {2008},\n\tmonth = {July},\n\tpages = {219{\\textendash}236},\n\tpublisher = {Springer},\n\torganization = {Springer},\n\taddress = {Leuven, Belgium},\n\tabstract = {Despite the growth of the Internet and the increasing concern for privacy of online communications, current deployments of anonymization networks depend on a very small set of nodes that volunteer their bandwidth. 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