Energy biotechnology: beyond the general lignocellulose-to-ethanol pathway. Angenent, L., T. Current Opinion in Biotechnology, 18(3):191, 2007. abstract bibtex Alternative energy generation through biotechnology is already carried out on a large scale. In the USA, for example, not, vert, similar18 million m3 of bioethanol were produced in 2006 from starch-rich corn kernels (mainly grown in the temperate climate of the Midwestern states) by using enzyme contact and/or steeping in dry- and wet-milling plants followed by yeast fermentation. This is similar to the volume that is produced by the Brazilian bioethanol industry from sugar cane. To really compete with nonrenewable energy and to make our society carbon neutral, however, energy biotechnology is now focusing on lignocellulosic feedstocks (e.g. corn stover, poplar wood, grasses) made of a tertiary structure of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin. In the USA, energy biotechnology has redirected its efforts mainly towards a general lignocellulose-to-ethanol pathway, which for the purpose of this editorial is summarized into a five-step pathway: (1) growing, harvesting, storing, and transporting agricultural crops; (2) pretreating lignocellulosic feedstock to open the cell-wall matrix and to remove lignin; (3) exposing the feedstock to a mixture of purified enzymes to hydrolyze hemicellulose and cellulose to five- and six-carbon sugars; (4) fermenting these sugars to ethanol; and (5) separating the produced ethanol. Nevertheless, improvements and innovations for all five steps must be made, as indicated by the fact that lignocellulosic ethanol production is still at the pilot stage. However, it is a mistake to focus all energy biotechnology efforts on just improving these five steps in the general lignocellulose-to-ethanol pathway. This issue of Current Opinion in Biotechnology reviews efforts outside the improvement of this conversion pathway. Other reviews published in 2007 are already available that specifically deal with the general conversion pathway [[1] and [2]].
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title = {Energy biotechnology: beyond the general lignocellulose-to-ethanol pathway},
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abstract = {Alternative energy generation through biotechnology is already carried out on a large scale. In the USA, for example, not, vert, similar18 million m3 of bioethanol were produced in 2006 from starch-rich corn kernels (mainly grown in the temperate climate of the Midwestern states) by using enzyme contact and/or steeping in dry- and wet-milling plants followed by yeast fermentation. This is similar to the volume that is produced by the Brazilian bioethanol industry from sugar cane. To really compete with nonrenewable energy and to make our society carbon neutral, however, energy biotechnology is now focusing on lignocellulosic feedstocks (e.g. corn stover, poplar wood, grasses) made of a tertiary structure of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin. In the USA, energy biotechnology has redirected its efforts mainly towards a general lignocellulose-to-ethanol pathway, which for the purpose of this editorial is summarized into a five-step pathway: (1) growing, harvesting, storing, and transporting agricultural crops; (2) pretreating lignocellulosic feedstock to open the cell-wall matrix and to remove lignin; (3) exposing the feedstock to a mixture of purified enzymes to hydrolyze hemicellulose and cellulose to five- and six-carbon sugars; (4) fermenting these sugars to ethanol; and (5) separating the produced ethanol. Nevertheless, improvements and innovations for all five steps must be made, as indicated by the fact that lignocellulosic ethanol production is still at the pilot stage. However, it is a mistake to focus all energy biotechnology efforts on just improving these five steps in the general lignocellulose-to-ethanol pathway. This issue of Current Opinion in Biotechnology reviews efforts outside the improvement of this conversion pathway. Other reviews published in 2007 are already available that specifically deal with the general conversion pathway [[1] and [2]].},
bibtype = {article},
author = {Angenent, Largus T},
journal = {Current Opinion in Biotechnology},
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