Environmental isotopes in the hydrological cycle Volume IV Groundwater. International Atomic Energy Agency, IHP-V ( Te edition, 2001.
Environmental isotopes in the hydrological cycle Volume IV Groundwater [pdf]Paper  abstract   bibtex   
This volume starts with a brief discussion of the characteristics and behaviour of groundwater as a medium of mass transport for gases, dissolved constituents and colloids. The geohydraulic aspects of groundwater flow under steady-state conditions are described in combination with an explanation of the most important terms related to isotope hydrology (e.g. transit time, turn-over time, mean residence time, water age). Non-steady state flow conditions caused by palaeoclimatic variations and anthropogenic activities such as overexploitation or groundwater mining seriously affect the interpretation of isotope hydrological data. Also water-rock interactions may modify the isotope composition of a carbonate rock environment, especially in high-temperature systems.

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