A decade of EEG Theta/Beta Ratio Research in ADHD: a meta-analysis. Arns, M., Conners, C K., & Kraemer, H. C Journal of attention disorders, 17(5):374–83, July, 2013.
Paper doi abstract bibtex OBJECTIVE: Many EEG studies have reported that ADHD is characterized by elevated Theta/Beta ratio (TBR). In this study we conducted a meta-analysis on the TBR in ADHD. METHOD: TBR data during Eyes Open from location Cz were analyzed from children/adolescents 6-18 years of age with and without ADHD. RESULTS: Nine studies were identified with a total of 1253 children/adolescents with and 517 without ADHD. The grand-mean effect size (ES) for the 6-13 year-olds was 0.75 and for the 6-18 year-olds was 0.62. However the test for heterogeneity remained significant; therefore these ESs are misleading and considered an overestimation. Post-hoc analysis found a decreasing difference in TBR across years, explained by an increasing TBR for the non-ADHD groups. CONCLUSION: Excessive TBR cannot be considered a reliable diagnostic measure of ADHD, however a substantial sub-group of ADHD patients do deviate on this measure and TBR has prognostic value in this sub-group, warranting its use as a prognostic measure rather than a diagnostic measure.
@article{arns_decade_2013,
title = {A decade of {EEG} {Theta}/{Beta} {Ratio} {Research} in {ADHD}: a meta-analysis.},
volume = {17},
issn = {1557-1246},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23086616},
doi = {10.1177/1087054712460087},
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: Many EEG studies have reported that ADHD is characterized by elevated Theta/Beta ratio (TBR). In this study we conducted a meta-analysis on the TBR in ADHD.
METHOD: TBR data during Eyes Open from location Cz were analyzed from children/adolescents 6-18 years of age with and without ADHD.
RESULTS: Nine studies were identified with a total of 1253 children/adolescents with and 517 without ADHD. The grand-mean effect size (ES) for the 6-13 year-olds was 0.75 and for the 6-18 year-olds was 0.62. However the test for heterogeneity remained significant; therefore these ESs are misleading and considered an overestimation. Post-hoc analysis found a decreasing difference in TBR across years, explained by an increasing TBR for the non-ADHD groups.
CONCLUSION: Excessive TBR cannot be considered a reliable diagnostic measure of ADHD, however a substantial sub-group of ADHD patients do deviate on this measure and TBR has prognostic value in this sub-group, warranting its use as a prognostic measure rather than a diagnostic measure.},
number = {5},
urldate = {2015-04-09},
journal = {Journal of attention disorders},
author = {Arns, Martijn and Conners, C Keith and Kraemer, Helena C},
month = jul,
year = {2013},
pmid = {23086616},
keywords = {Adolescent, Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity, Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity: dia, Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity: phy, Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity: psy, Beta Rhythm, Beta Rhythm: physiology, Cerebral Cortex, Cerebral Cortex: physiopathology, Child, Female, Humans, Male, Reference Values, Reproducibility of Results, Theta Rhythm, Theta Rhythm: physiology},
pages = {374--83},
}
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However the test for heterogeneity remained significant; therefore these ESs are misleading and considered an overestimation. Post-hoc analysis found a decreasing difference in TBR across years, explained by an increasing TBR for the non-ADHD groups. CONCLUSION: Excessive TBR cannot be considered a reliable diagnostic measure of ADHD, however a substantial sub-group of ADHD patients do deviate on this measure and TBR has prognostic value in this sub-group, warranting its use as a prognostic measure rather than a diagnostic measure.","number":"5","urldate":"2015-04-09","journal":"Journal of attention disorders","author":[{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Arns"],"firstnames":["Martijn"],"suffixes":[]},{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Conners"],"firstnames":["C","Keith"],"suffixes":[]},{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Kraemer"],"firstnames":["Helena","C"],"suffixes":[]}],"month":"July","year":"2013","pmid":"23086616","keywords":"Adolescent, Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity, Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity: dia, Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity: phy, Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity: psy, Beta Rhythm, Beta Rhythm: physiology, Cerebral Cortex, Cerebral Cortex: physiopathology, Child, Female, Humans, Male, Reference Values, Reproducibility of Results, Theta Rhythm, Theta Rhythm: physiology","pages":"374–83","bibtex":"@article{arns_decade_2013,\n\ttitle = {A decade of {EEG} {Theta}/{Beta} {Ratio} {Research} in {ADHD}: a meta-analysis.},\n\tvolume = {17},\n\tissn = {1557-1246},\n\turl = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23086616},\n\tdoi = {10.1177/1087054712460087},\n\tabstract = {OBJECTIVE: Many EEG studies have reported that ADHD is characterized by elevated Theta/Beta ratio (TBR). In this study we conducted a meta-analysis on the TBR in ADHD.\n\nMETHOD: TBR data during Eyes Open from location Cz were analyzed from children/adolescents 6-18 years of age with and without ADHD.\n\nRESULTS: Nine studies were identified with a total of 1253 children/adolescents with and 517 without ADHD. The grand-mean effect size (ES) for the 6-13 year-olds was 0.75 and for the 6-18 year-olds was 0.62. However the test for heterogeneity remained significant; therefore these ESs are misleading and considered an overestimation. Post-hoc analysis found a decreasing difference in TBR across years, explained by an increasing TBR for the non-ADHD groups.\n\nCONCLUSION: Excessive TBR cannot be considered a reliable diagnostic measure of ADHD, however a substantial sub-group of ADHD patients do deviate on this measure and TBR has prognostic value in this sub-group, warranting its use as a prognostic measure rather than a diagnostic measure.},\n\tnumber = {5},\n\turldate = {2015-04-09},\n\tjournal = {Journal of attention disorders},\n\tauthor = {Arns, Martijn and Conners, C Keith and Kraemer, Helena C},\n\tmonth = jul,\n\tyear = {2013},\n\tpmid = {23086616},\n\tkeywords = {Adolescent, Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity, Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity: dia, Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity: phy, Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity: psy, Beta Rhythm, Beta Rhythm: physiology, Cerebral Cortex, Cerebral Cortex: physiopathology, Child, Female, Humans, Male, Reference Values, Reproducibility of Results, Theta Rhythm, Theta Rhythm: physiology},\n\tpages = {374--83},\n}\n\n","author_short":["Arns, M.","Conners, C K.","Kraemer, H. 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