@article{
 title = {Enterotypes of the human gut microbiome.},
 type = {article},
 year = {2011},
 pages = {174-180},
 volume = {473},
 id = {0041b61a-723c-3991-b174-22a33b01ef15},
 created = {2025-07-07T13:25:04.040Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {9c1a206b-6cfb-375e-a257-a4c31f5a0791},
 group_id = {89bece75-0a7e-3035-98e1-71b82260b8e8},
 last_modified = {2025-07-07T13:25:52.100Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {false},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
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 abstract = {Our knowledge of species and functional composition of the human gut microbiome is rapidly increasing, but it is still based on very few cohorts and little is known about variation across the world. By combining 22 newly sequenced faecal metagenomes of individuals from four countries with previously published data sets, here we identify three robust clusters (referred to as enterotypes hereafter) that are not nation or continent specific. We also confirmed the enterotypes in two published, larger cohorts, indicating that intestinal microbiota variation is generally stratified, not continuous. This indicates further the existence of a limited number of well-balanced host-microbial symbiotic states that might respond differently to diet and drug intake. The enterotypes are mostly driven by species composition, but abundant molecular functions are not necessarily provided by abundant species, highlighting the importance of a functional analysis to understand microbial communities. Although individual host properties such as body mass index, age, or gender cannot explain the observed enterotypes, data-driven marker genes or functional modules can be identified for each of these host properties. For example, twelve genes significantly correlate with age and three functional modules with the body mass index, hinting at a diagnostic potential of microbial markers.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Arumugam, Manimozhiyan and Raes, Jeroen and Pelletier, Eric and Le Paslier, Denis and Yamada, Takuji and Mende, Daniel R and Fernandes, Gabriel R and Tap, Julien and Bruls, Thomas and Batto, Jean-Michel and Bertalan, Marcelo and Borruel, Natalia and Casellas, Francesc and Fernandez, Leyden and Gautier, Laurent and Hansen, Torben and Hattori, Masahira and Hayashi, Tetsuya and Kleerebezem, Michiel and Kurokawa, Ken and Leclerc, Marion and Levenez, Florence and Manichanh, Chaysavanh and Nielsen, H Bjørn and Nielsen, Trine and Pons, Nicolas and Poulain, Julie and Qin, Junjie and Sicheritz-Ponten, Thomas and Tims, Sebastian and Torrents, David and Ugarte, Edgardo and Zoetendal, Erwin G and Wang, Jun and Guarner, Francisco and Pedersen, Oluf and de Vos, Willem M and Brunak, Søren and Doré, Joel and Antolín, María and Artiguenave, François and Blottiere, Hervé M and Almeida, Mathieu and Brechot, Christian and Cara, Carlos and Chervaux, Christian and Cultrone, Antonella and Delorme, Christine and Denariaz, Gérard and Dervyn, Rozenn and Foerstner, Konrad U and Friss, Carsten and van de Guchte, Maarten and Guedon, Eric and Haimet, Florence and Huber, Wolfgang and van Hylckama-Vlieg, Johan and Jamet, Alexandre and Juste, Catherine and Kaci, Ghalia and Knol, Jan and Lakhdari, Omar and Layec, Severine and Le Roux, Karine and Maguin, Emmanuelle and Mérieux, Alexandre and Melo Minardi, Raquel and M'rini, Christine and Muller, Jean and Oozeer, Raish and Parkhill, Julian and Renault, Pierre and Rescigno, Maria and Sanchez, Nicolas and Sunagawa, Shinichi and Torrejon, Antonio and Turner, Keith and Vandemeulebrouck, Gaetana and Varela, Encarna and Winogradsky, Yohanan and Zeller, Georg and Weissenbach, Jean and Ehrlich, S Dusko and Bork, Peer},
 doi = {10.1038/nature10187},
 journal = {Nature},
 number = {7346}
}

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