A 1.66-nW/kHz, 32.7-kHz, 99.5ppm/°C fully integrated current-mode RC oscillator for real-time clock applications with PVT stability. Asano, H., Hirose, T., Tsubaki, K., Miyoshi, T., Ozaki, T., Kuroki, N., & Numa, M. In ESSCIRC Conference 2016: 42nd European Solid-State Circuits Conference, pages 149–152, September, 2016. doi abstract bibtex A compact and low-power current-mode RC oscillator (RCO) with process, voltage, and temperature (PVT) stability has been developed. The circuit employs a current-mode RCO architecture without using a conventional comparator based voltage-mode architecture. The current-mode architecture enables a compact RCO and faster switching speed to be achieved. By designing transistor sizes equally between one in a bias circuit and another in a voltage to current converter, the effect of process variation can be minimized. A prototype chip in a 0.18-μm CMOS process demonstrated that the RCO generates a stable clock frequency of 32.7 kHz with a small area of 0.19 mm2and low-power dissipation of 54.2 nW at 0.85-V power supply, which achieves a figure of merit (FoM) of 1.66 nW/kHz. The measured temperature coefficient and line regulation were 99.5ppm/°C and 8.9ppm/mV, respectively.
@inproceedings{asano_1.66-nw/khz_2016,
title = {A 1.66-{nW}/{kHz}, 32.7-{kHz}, 99.5ppm/°{C} fully integrated current-mode {RC} oscillator for real-time clock applications with {PVT} stability},
doi = {10.1109/ESSCIRC.2016.7598264},
abstract = {A compact and low-power current-mode RC oscillator (RCO) with process, voltage, and temperature (PVT) stability has been developed. The circuit employs a current-mode RCO architecture without using a conventional comparator based voltage-mode architecture. The current-mode architecture enables a compact RCO and faster switching speed to be achieved. By designing transistor sizes equally between one in a bias circuit and another in a voltage to current converter, the effect of process variation can be minimized. A prototype chip in a 0.18-μm CMOS process demonstrated that the RCO generates a stable clock frequency of 32.7 kHz with a small area of 0.19 mm2and low-power dissipation of 54.2 nW at 0.85-V power supply, which achieves a figure of merit (FoM) of 1.66 nW/kHz. The measured temperature coefficient and line regulation were 99.5ppm/°C and 8.9ppm/mV, respectively.},
booktitle = {{ESSCIRC} {Conference} 2016: 42nd {European} {Solid}-{State} {Circuits} {Conference}},
author = {Asano, H. and Hirose, T. and Tsubaki, K. and Miyoshi, T. and Ozaki, T. and Kuroki, N. and Numa, M.},
month = sep,
year = {2016},
keywords = {CMOS logic circuits, CMOS process, Clocks, Delays, FoM, Manganese, Oscillators, PVT stability, RC circuits, Resistors, Semiconductor device measurement, Temperature measurement, bias circuit, clocks, current-mode RCO architecture, current-mode logic, figure of merit, frequency 32.7 kHz, fully integrated current-mode RC oscillator, line regulation, low-power current-mode RC oscillator, low-power dissipation, low-power electronics, power supply, process variation effect minimization, process-voltage-and-temperature stability, real-time clock applications, real-time systems, size 0.18 mum, temperature coefficient, transistor size, voltage 0.85 V, voltage to current converter},
pages = {149--152},
}
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By designing transistor sizes equally between one in a bias circuit and another in a voltage to current converter, the effect of process variation can be minimized. A prototype chip in a 0.18-μm CMOS process demonstrated that the RCO generates a stable clock frequency of 32.7 kHz with a small area of 0.19 mm2and low-power dissipation of 54.2 nW at 0.85-V power supply, which achieves a figure of merit (FoM) of 1.66 nW/kHz. 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