@phdthesis{ashley_effects_2018,
	address = {Athens, Georgia},
	type = {Honors {Thesis}},
	title = {Effects of {Salinity} on {Growth}, {Stress}, and {Behavior} of {Hatchling} {Malaclemys} terrapin centrata},
	abstract = {Carolina Diamond-backed terrapins reside in southeastern U.S. coastal salt marshes, ecosystems characterized by the competing influences of inland freshwater and marine environments. Terrapins are adapted to intermediate salinities yet frequently face saltwater-inundated marsh habitat with salinities greater than 25 ppt. We investigated the effect of salinity on hatchling terrapin growth and potential compensatory behavioral and physiological responses to increasing osmotic stress. We acquired 30 terrapin hatchlings from Skidaway Island, Georgia and randomly assigned each to one of five salinity treatments: 1, 5, 10, 20, 35 ppt. For 75 days, we monitored behavior and appetite daily, regularly measured growth, and measured leukocyte ratios as indications of stress. Consistent with previous studies, high salinity significantly reduced hatchling growth. Hatchlings in 20 ppt and 35 ppt salinities exhibited anorexia and saltwater avoidance and were more likely to show freshwater-seeking behaviors. Heterophil-to-lymphocyte ratios were higher among hatchlings in 20 and 35 ppt salinities, indicating stress hormones were chronically elevated. Growth retardation from chronic high salinity exposure could increase hatchling mortality and alter terrapin spatial demography. However, employing compensatory behaviors may offset severe growth effects in the wild, provided freshwater is accessible. Little is known about hatchling behavior and microhabitat use, and our findings suggest hatchling distribution and survival may be partially dependent on freshwater access. As sea levels and coastal salinities rise, alterations to freshwater sources may have implications for terrapin hatchling population persistence.},
	language = {en},
	school = {University of Georgia},
	author = {Ashley, Elizabeth A},
	year = {2018},
}

{"_id":"F3hEyWbn9MJSvgKZz","bibbaseid":"ashley-effectsofsalinityongrowthstressandbehaviorofhatchlingmalaclemysterrapincentrata-2018","author_short":["Ashley, E. A"],"bibdata":{"bibtype":"phdthesis","type":"Honors Thesis","address":"Athens, Georgia","title":"Effects of Salinity on Growth, Stress, and Behavior of Hatchling Malaclemys terrapin centrata","abstract":"Carolina Diamond-backed terrapins reside in southeastern U.S. coastal salt marshes, ecosystems characterized by the competing influences of inland freshwater and marine environments. Terrapins are adapted to intermediate salinities yet frequently face saltwater-inundated marsh habitat with salinities greater than 25 ppt. We investigated the effect of salinity on hatchling terrapin growth and potential compensatory behavioral and physiological responses to increasing osmotic stress. We acquired 30 terrapin hatchlings from Skidaway Island, Georgia and randomly assigned each to one of five salinity treatments: 1, 5, 10, 20, 35 ppt. For 75 days, we monitored behavior and appetite daily, regularly measured growth, and measured leukocyte ratios as indications of stress. Consistent with previous studies, high salinity significantly reduced hatchling growth. Hatchlings in 20 ppt and 35 ppt salinities exhibited anorexia and saltwater avoidance and were more likely to show freshwater-seeking behaviors. Heterophil-to-lymphocyte ratios were higher among hatchlings in 20 and 35 ppt salinities, indicating stress hormones were chronically elevated. Growth retardation from chronic high salinity exposure could increase hatchling mortality and alter terrapin spatial demography. However, employing compensatory behaviors may offset severe growth effects in the wild, provided freshwater is accessible. Little is known about hatchling behavior and microhabitat use, and our findings suggest hatchling distribution and survival may be partially dependent on freshwater access. As sea levels and coastal salinities rise, alterations to freshwater sources may have implications for terrapin hatchling population persistence.","language":"en","school":"University of Georgia","author":[{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Ashley"],"firstnames":["Elizabeth","A"],"suffixes":[]}],"year":"2018","bibtex":"@phdthesis{ashley_effects_2018,\n\taddress = {Athens, Georgia},\n\ttype = {Honors {Thesis}},\n\ttitle = {Effects of {Salinity} on {Growth}, {Stress}, and {Behavior} of {Hatchling} {Malaclemys} terrapin centrata},\n\tabstract = {Carolina Diamond-backed terrapins reside in southeastern U.S. coastal salt marshes, ecosystems characterized by the competing influences of inland freshwater and marine environments. Terrapins are adapted to intermediate salinities yet frequently face saltwater-inundated marsh habitat with salinities greater than 25 ppt. We investigated the effect of salinity on hatchling terrapin growth and potential compensatory behavioral and physiological responses to increasing osmotic stress. We acquired 30 terrapin hatchlings from Skidaway Island, Georgia and randomly assigned each to one of five salinity treatments: 1, 5, 10, 20, 35 ppt. For 75 days, we monitored behavior and appetite daily, regularly measured growth, and measured leukocyte ratios as indications of stress. Consistent with previous studies, high salinity significantly reduced hatchling growth. Hatchlings in 20 ppt and 35 ppt salinities exhibited anorexia and saltwater avoidance and were more likely to show freshwater-seeking behaviors. Heterophil-to-lymphocyte ratios were higher among hatchlings in 20 and 35 ppt salinities, indicating stress hormones were chronically elevated. Growth retardation from chronic high salinity exposure could increase hatchling mortality and alter terrapin spatial demography. However, employing compensatory behaviors may offset severe growth effects in the wild, provided freshwater is accessible. Little is known about hatchling behavior and microhabitat use, and our findings suggest hatchling distribution and survival may be partially dependent on freshwater access. As sea levels and coastal salinities rise, alterations to freshwater sources may have implications for terrapin hatchling population persistence.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tschool = {University of Georgia},\n\tauthor = {Ashley, Elizabeth A},\n\tyear = {2018},\n}\n\n\n\n","author_short":["Ashley, E. A"],"key":"ashley_effects_2018","id":"ashley_effects_2018","bibbaseid":"ashley-effectsofsalinityongrowthstressandbehaviorofhatchlingmalaclemysterrapincentrata-2018","role":"author","urls":{},"metadata":{"authorlinks":{}},"html":""},"bibtype":"phdthesis","biburl":"https://bibbase.org/zotero-group/jcmaerz/6026148","dataSources":["mCHFziEwJLRwofY4u","cEHounRE4nrKSn63i"],"keywords":[],"search_terms":["effects","salinity","growth","stress","behavior","hatchling","malaclemys","terrapin","centrata","ashley"],"title":"Effects of Salinity on Growth, Stress, and Behavior of Hatchling Malaclemys terrapin centrata","year":2018}