Separate neural substrates for skill learning and performance in the ventral and dorsal striatum. Atallah, H. E, Lopez-Paniagua, D., Rudy, J. W, & O'Reilly, R. C Nat Neurosci, 10(1):126-31, 2007.
doi  abstract   bibtex   
It is widely accepted that the striatum of the basal ganglia is a primary substrate for the learning and performance of skills. We provide evidence that two regions of the rat striatum, ventral and dorsal, play distinct roles in instrumental conditioning (skill learning), with the ventral striatum being critical for learning and the dorsal striatum being important for performance but, notably, not for learning. This implies an actor (dorsal) versus director (ventral) division of labor, which is a new variant of the widely discussed actor-critic architecture. Our results also imply that the successful performance of a skill can ultimately result in its establishment as a habit outside the basal ganglia.
@Article{Atallah2007,
  author   = {Hisham E Atallah and Dan Lopez-Paniagua and Jerry W Rudy and Randall C O'Reilly},
  journal  = {Nat Neurosci},
  title    = {Separate neural substrates for skill learning and performance in the ventral and dorsal striatum.},
  year     = {2007},
  number   = {1},
  pages    = {126-31},
  volume   = {10},
  abstract = {It is widely accepted that the striatum of the basal ganglia is a
	primary substrate for the learning and performance of skills. We
	provide evidence that two regions of the rat striatum, ventral and
	dorsal, play distinct roles in instrumental conditioning (skill learning),
	with the ventral striatum being critical for learning and the dorsal
	striatum being important for performance but, notably, not for learning.
	This implies an actor (dorsal) versus director (ventral) division
	of labor, which is a new variant of the widely discussed actor-critic
	architecture. Our results also imply that the successful performance
	of a skill can ultimately result in its establishment as a habit
	outside the basal ganglia.},
  doi      = {10.1038/nn1817},
  keywords = {17187065},
}

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