Guard cell photosynthesis is critical for stomatal turgor production, yet does not directly mediate CO2 - and ABA-induced stomatal closing. Azoulay-Shemer, T., Palomares, A., Bagheri, A., Israelsson-Nordstrom, M., Engineer, C. B., Bargmann, B. O., Stephan, A. B., & Schroeder, J. I. Plant J, 83(4):567–81, August, 2015. Edition: 2015/06/23
Guard cell photosynthesis is critical for stomatal turgor production, yet does not directly mediate CO2 - and ABA-induced stomatal closing [link]Paper  doi  abstract   bibtex   
Stomata mediate gas exchange between the inter-cellular spaces of leaves and the atmosphere. CO2 levels in leaves (Ci) are determined by respiration, photosynthesis, stomatal conductance and atmospheric [CO2 ]. [CO2 ] in leaves mediates stomatal movements. The role of guard cell photosynthesis in stomatal conductance responses is a matter of debate, and genetic approaches are needed. We have generated transgenic Arabidopsis plants that are chlorophyll-deficient in guard cells only, expressing a constitutively active chlorophyllase in a guard cell specific enhancer trap line. Our data show that more than 90% of guard cells were chlorophyll-deficient. Interestingly, approximately 45% of stomata had an unusual, previously not-described, morphology of thin-shaped chlorophyll-less stomata. Nevertheless, stomatal size, stomatal index, plant morphology, and whole-leaf photosynthetic parameters (PSII, qP, qN, FV '/FM' ) were comparable with wild-type plants. Time-resolved intact leaf gas-exchange analyses showed a reduction in stomatal conductance and CO2 -assimilation rates of the transgenic plants. Normalization of CO2 responses showed that stomata of transgenic plants respond to [CO2 ] shifts. Detailed stomatal aperture measurements of normal kidney-shaped stomata, which lack chlorophyll, showed stomatal closing responses to [CO2 ] elevation and abscisic acid (ABA), while thin-shaped stomata were continuously closed. Our present findings show that stomatal movement responses to [CO2 ] and ABA are functional in guard cells that lack chlorophyll. These data suggest that guard cell CO2 and ABA signal transduction are not directly modulated by guard cell photosynthesis/electron transport. Moreover, the finding that chlorophyll-less stomata cause a 'deflated' thin-shaped phenotype, suggests that photosynthesis in guard cells is critical for energization and guard cell turgor production.
@article{azoulay-shemer_guard_2015,
	title = {Guard cell photosynthesis is critical for stomatal turgor production, yet does not directly mediate {CO2} - and {ABA}-induced stomatal closing},
	volume = {83},
	issn = {1365-313X (Electronic) 0960-7412 (Linking)},
	url = {https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26096271},
	doi = {10/f3pk33},
	abstract = {Stomata mediate gas exchange between the inter-cellular spaces of leaves and the atmosphere. CO2 levels in leaves (Ci) are determined by respiration, photosynthesis, stomatal conductance and atmospheric [CO2 ]. [CO2 ] in leaves mediates stomatal movements. The role of guard cell photosynthesis in stomatal conductance responses is a matter of debate, and genetic approaches are needed. We have generated transgenic Arabidopsis plants that are chlorophyll-deficient in guard cells only, expressing a constitutively active chlorophyllase in a guard cell specific enhancer trap line. Our data show that more than 90\% of guard cells were chlorophyll-deficient. Interestingly, approximately 45\% of stomata had an unusual, previously not-described, morphology of thin-shaped chlorophyll-less stomata. Nevertheless, stomatal size, stomatal index, plant morphology, and whole-leaf photosynthetic parameters (PSII, qP, qN, FV '/FM' ) were comparable with wild-type plants. Time-resolved intact leaf gas-exchange analyses showed a reduction in stomatal conductance and CO2 -assimilation rates of the transgenic plants. Normalization of CO2 responses showed that stomata of transgenic plants respond to [CO2 ] shifts. Detailed stomatal aperture measurements of normal kidney-shaped stomata, which lack chlorophyll, showed stomatal closing responses to [CO2 ] elevation and abscisic acid (ABA), while thin-shaped stomata were continuously closed. Our present findings show that stomatal movement responses to [CO2 ] and ABA are functional in guard cells that lack chlorophyll. These data suggest that guard cell CO2 and ABA signal transduction are not directly modulated by guard cell photosynthesis/electron transport. Moreover, the finding that chlorophyll-less stomata cause a 'deflated' thin-shaped phenotype, suggests that photosynthesis in guard cells is critical for energization and guard cell turgor production.},
	language = {en},
	number = {4},
	urldate = {2021-06-07},
	journal = {Plant J},
	author = {Azoulay-Shemer, T. and Palomares, A. and Bagheri, A. and Israelsson-Nordstrom, M. and Engineer, C. B. and Bargmann, B. O. and Stephan, A. B. and Schroeder, J. I.},
	month = aug,
	year = {2015},
	note = {Edition: 2015/06/23},
	keywords = {Abscisic Acid/*metabolism, Arabidopsis thaliana, Arabidopsis/genetics/metabolism/physiology, Carbon Dioxide/*metabolism, Chlorophyll/metabolism, Co 2, Photosynthesis/genetics/*physiology, Plant Leaves/metabolism/physiology, Plant Stomata/genetics/*metabolism/*physiology, Plants, Genetically Modified/genetics/metabolism/physiology, abscisic acid, chlorophyll, chlorophyllase, guard cell, photosynthesis, stomata, turgor},
	pages = {567--81},
}
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