Scaling model for nonlinear supersonic jet noise. Baars, W. J. & Tinney, C. E. Bulletin of the American Physical Society, Division of Fluid Dynamics, San Diego, California USA, San Diego, California USA, 2012.
Scaling model for nonlinear supersonic jet noise [link]Paper  abstract   bibtex   

Numerous endeavors have been undertaken to investigate nonlinear propagation of sound from jet flows in range-restricted environments. However, only weak observations of cumulative nonlinear effects have been made using these laboratory-scale setups, all the while being observed under full-scale conditions. The inconsistency is caused by the lack of rigor in understanding what the appropriate scaling parameters should be for producing measurable cumulative nonlinearities in laboratory-scale environments. A scaling model will be presented that one could use to guide future studies aimed at investigating this unique component of turbulent mixing noise. At first, the important length-scales for cumulative nonlinear waveform distortion – the shock formation distance and the acoustic absorption length – are written in terms of jet exit parameters. Their ratio, expressed as the effective Gol'dberg number, is a measure of the strength of nonlinear distortion relative to that of dissipation. By computing the individual length-scales and this dimensionless ratio for an experiment that is being designed, one can estimate the presence of cumulative nonlinear distortion beforehand.

@article {baars2012scaling,
	title = {Scaling model for nonlinear supersonic jet noise},
	journal = {Bulletin of the American Physical Society, Division of Fluid Dynamics, San Diego, California USA},
	volume = {57},
	number = {17},
	year = {2012},
	abstract = {<p>Numerous endeavors have been undertaken to investigate nonlinear propagation of sound from jet flows in range-restricted environments. However, only weak observations of cumulative nonlinear effects have been made using these laboratory-scale setups, all the while being observed under full-scale conditions. The inconsistency is caused by the lack of rigor in understanding what the appropriate scaling parameters should be for producing measurable cumulative nonlinearities in laboratory-scale environments. A scaling model will be presented that one could use to guide future studies aimed at investigating this unique component of turbulent mixing noise. At first, the important length-scales for cumulative nonlinear waveform distortion -- the shock formation distance and the acoustic absorption length -- are written in terms of jet exit parameters. Their ratio, expressed as the effective Gol'dberg number, is a measure of the strength of nonlinear distortion relative to that of dissipation. By computing the individual length-scales and this dimensionless ratio for an experiment that is being designed, one can estimate the presence of cumulative nonlinear distortion beforehand.</p>},
	address = {San Diego, California USA},
	author = {Baars, W. J. and Tinney, C. E.},
	url = {https://meetings.aps.org/Meeting/DFD12/Session/D24.8}
}

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