Differentiating Ferroelectric and Nonferroelectric Electromechanical Effects with Scanning Probe Microscopy. Balke, N., Maksymovych, P., Jesse, S., Herklotz, A., Tselev, A., Eom, C., Kravchenko, I. I., Yu, P., & Kalinin, S. V. ACS NANO, 9(6):6484-6492, JUN, 2015. doi abstract bibtex Ferroelectricity in functional materials remains one of the most fascinating areas of modern science in the past several decades. In the last several years, the rapid development of piezoresponse force microscopy (PFM) and spectroscopy revealed the presence of electromechanical hysteresis loops and bias-induced remnant polar states in a broad variety of materials including many inorganic oxides, polymers, and biosystems. In many cases, this behavior was interpreted as the ample evidence for ferroelectric nature of the system. Here, we systematically analyze PFM responses on ferroelectric and nonferroelectric materials and demonstrate that mechanisms unrelated to ferroelectricity can induce ferroelectric-like characteristics through charge injection and electrostatic forces on the tip. We will focus on similarities and differences in various PFM measurement characteristics to provide an experimental guideline to differentiate between ferroelectric material properties and charge injection. In the end, we apply the developed measurement protocols to an unknown ferroelectric material.
@article{ ISI:000356988500091,
Author = {Balke, Nina and Maksymovych, Petro and Jesse, Stephen and Herklotz,
Andreas and Tselev, Alexander and Eom, Chang-Beom and Kravchenko, Ivan
I. and Yu, Pu and Kalinin, Sergei V.},
Title = {{Differentiating Ferroelectric and Nonferroelectric Electromechanical
Effects with Scanning Probe Microscopy}},
Journal = {{ACS NANO}},
Year = {{2015}},
Volume = {{9}},
Number = {{6}},
Pages = {{6484-6492}},
Month = {{JUN}},
Abstract = {{Ferroelectricity in functional materials remains one of the most
fascinating areas of modern science in the past several decades. In the
last several years, the rapid development of piezoresponse force
microscopy (PFM) and spectroscopy revealed the presence of
electromechanical hysteresis loops and bias-induced remnant polar states
in a broad variety of materials including many inorganic oxides,
polymers, and biosystems. In many cases, this behavior was interpreted
as the ample evidence for ferroelectric nature of the system. Here, we
systematically analyze PFM responses on ferroelectric and
nonferroelectric materials and demonstrate that mechanisms unrelated to
ferroelectricity can induce ferroelectric-like characteristics through
charge injection and electrostatic forces on the tip. We will focus on
similarities and differences in various PFM measurement characteristics
to provide an experimental guideline to differentiate between
ferroelectric material properties and charge injection. In the end, we
apply the developed measurement protocols to an unknown ferroelectric
material.}},
DOI = {{10.1021/acsnano.5b02227}},
ISSN = {{1936-0851}},
EISSN = {{1936-086X}},
ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Yu, Pu/F-1594-2014
Kalinin, Sergei/I-9096-2012
Eom, Chang-Beom/I-5567-2014
Kravchenko, Ivan/K-3022-2015
Jesse, Stephen/D-3975-2016
Tselev, Alexander/L-8579-2015
Maksymovych, Petro/C-3922-2016
Balke, Nina/Q-2505-2015
}},
ORCID-Numbers = {{Yu, Pu/0000-0002-5513-7632
Kalinin, Sergei/0000-0001-5354-6152
Kravchenko, Ivan/0000-0003-4999-5822
Jesse, Stephen/0000-0002-1168-8483
Tselev, Alexander/0000-0002-0098-6696
Maksymovych, Petro/0000-0003-0822-8459
Balke, Nina/0000-0001-5865-5892
Herklotz, Andreas/0000-0002-1545-131X}},
Unique-ID = {{ISI:000356988500091}},
}
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V."],"year":2015,"bibtype":"article","biburl":"http://oxide.engr.wisc.edu/newWebsite/papers/oxide.bib","bibdata":{"bibtype":"article","type":"article","author":[{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Balke"],"firstnames":["Nina"],"suffixes":[]},{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Maksymovych"],"firstnames":["Petro"],"suffixes":[]},{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Jesse"],"firstnames":["Stephen"],"suffixes":[]},{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Herklotz"],"firstnames":["Andreas"],"suffixes":[]},{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Tselev"],"firstnames":["Alexander"],"suffixes":[]},{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Eom"],"firstnames":["Chang-Beom"],"suffixes":[]},{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Kravchenko"],"firstnames":["Ivan","I."],"suffixes":[]},{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Yu"],"firstnames":["Pu"],"suffixes":[]},{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Kalinin"],"firstnames":["Sergei","V."],"suffixes":[]}],"title":"Differentiating Ferroelectric and Nonferroelectric Electromechanical Effects with Scanning Probe Microscopy","journal":"ACS NANO","year":"2015","volume":"9","number":"6","pages":"6484-6492","month":"JUN","abstract":"Ferroelectricity in functional materials remains one of the most fascinating areas of modern science in the past several decades. 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In the\n last several years, the rapid development of piezoresponse force\n microscopy (PFM) and spectroscopy revealed the presence of\n electromechanical hysteresis loops and bias-induced remnant polar states\n in a broad variety of materials including many inorganic oxides,\n polymers, and biosystems. In many cases, this behavior was interpreted\n as the ample evidence for ferroelectric nature of the system. Here, we\n systematically analyze PFM responses on ferroelectric and\n nonferroelectric materials and demonstrate that mechanisms unrelated to\n ferroelectricity can induce ferroelectric-like characteristics through\n charge injection and electrostatic forces on the tip. We will focus on\n similarities and differences in various PFM measurement characteristics\n to provide an experimental guideline to differentiate between\n ferroelectric material properties and charge injection. 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