Actin capping proteins, CapZ (β-actinin) and tropomodulin in amphioxus striated muscle. Bao, Y., Kake, T., Hanashima, A., Nomiya, Y., Kubokawa, K., & Kimura, S. Gene, 510(1):78–86, November, 2012. ![Actin capping proteins, CapZ (β-actinin) and tropomodulin in amphioxus striated muscle. [link]](https://bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg "link")
Paper doi abstract bibtex CapZ (β-actinin) and tropomodulin (Tmod) are capping proteins involved in the maintenance of thin filaments in vertebrate skeletal muscles. In this study, we focused on amphioxus, the most primitive chordate. We searched for CapZ and Tmod genes in the amphioxus genome and determined their primary structures. Amphioxus possess one CapZα gene (CAPZA) and one CapZβ gene (CAPZB), and the transcripts of these genes were found to be 67%-85% identical to those of human CapZ genes. On the other hand, amphioxus contain one Tmod gene (TMOD), and the product of this gene has an identity of approximately 50% with human Tmod genes 1-4. However, helix 2 of amphioxus Tmod, which is involved in protein-binding to tropomyosin, was highly conserved with approximately 74% identity to human Tmod genes. Western blotting indicated the presence of CapZ and Tmod in the striated muscle of amphioxus. These results suggest that unlike most of vertebrates, such as fish, amphibian, bird, and mammal, CapZ from amphioxus striated muscle is derived from two genes CAPZA and CAPZB, and Tmod is derived from one TMOD gene.
@article{bao_actin_2012,
title = {Actin capping proteins, {CapZ} (β-actinin) and tropomodulin in amphioxus striated muscle.},
volume = {510},
issn = {1879-0038},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22951807},
doi = {10.1016/j.gene.2012.07.081},
abstract = {CapZ (β-actinin) and tropomodulin (Tmod) are capping proteins involved in the maintenance of thin filaments in vertebrate skeletal muscles. In this study, we focused on amphioxus, the most primitive chordate. We searched for CapZ and Tmod genes in the amphioxus genome and determined their primary structures. Amphioxus possess one CapZα gene (CAPZA) and one CapZβ gene (CAPZB), and the transcripts of these genes were found to be 67\%-85\% identical to those of human CapZ genes. On the other hand, amphioxus contain one Tmod gene (TMOD), and the product of this gene has an identity of approximately 50\% with human Tmod genes 1-4. However, helix 2 of amphioxus Tmod, which is involved in protein-binding to tropomyosin, was highly conserved with approximately 74\% identity to human Tmod genes. Western blotting indicated the presence of CapZ and Tmod in the striated muscle of amphioxus. These results suggest that unlike most of vertebrates, such as fish, amphibian, bird, and mammal, CapZ from amphioxus striated muscle is derived from two genes CAPZA and CAPZB, and Tmod is derived from one TMOD gene.},
number = {1},
journal = {Gene},
author = {Bao, Yulong and Kake, Takei and Hanashima, Akira and Nomiya, Yui and Kubokawa, Kaoru and Kimura, Sumiko},
month = nov,
year = {2012},
keywords = {Actinin, Actinin: classification, Actinin: genetics, Actinin: metabolism, Amino Acid, Amino Acid Sequence, Animals, Base Sequence, Blotting, CapZ Actin Capping Protein, CapZ Actin Capping Protein: classification, CapZ Actin Capping Protein: genetics, CapZ Actin Capping Protein: metabolism, Chordata, Chordata: genetics, Chordata: metabolism, Complementary, Complementary: chemistry, Complementary: genetics, DNA, Genetic Variation, Humans, Molecular Sequence Data, Muscle, Phylogeny, Protein Isoforms, Protein Isoforms: classification, Protein Isoforms: genetics, Protein Isoforms: metabolism, Sequence Analysis, Sequence Homology, Skeletal, Skeletal: metabolism, Tropomodulin, Tropomodulin: classification, Tropomodulin: genetics, Tropomodulin: metabolism, Western, misaki},
pages = {78--86}
}
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In this study, we focused on amphioxus, the most primitive chordate. We searched for CapZ and Tmod genes in the amphioxus genome and determined their primary structures. Amphioxus possess one CapZα gene (CAPZA) and one CapZβ gene (CAPZB), and the transcripts of these genes were found to be 67\\%-85\\% identical to those of human CapZ genes. On the other hand, amphioxus contain one Tmod gene (TMOD), and the product of this gene has an identity of approximately 50\\% with human Tmod genes 1-4. However, helix 2 of amphioxus Tmod, which is involved in protein-binding to tropomyosin, was highly conserved with approximately 74\\% identity to human Tmod genes. Western blotting indicated the presence of CapZ and Tmod in the striated muscle of amphioxus. 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