@ARTICLE{Bar-Sinai2015-wm,
  title    = "Spatial distribution of thermal energy in equilibrium",
  author   = "Bar-Sinai, Yohai and Bouchbinder, Eran",
  abstract = "The equipartition theorem states that in equilibrium, thermal
              energy is equally distributed among uncoupled degrees of freedom
              that appear quadratically in the system's Hamiltonian. However,
              for spatially coupled degrees of freedom, such as interacting
              particles, one may speculate that the spatial distribution of
              thermal energy may differ from the value predicted by
              equipartition, possibly quite substantially in strongly
              inhomogeneous or disordered systems. Here we show that for
              systems undergoing simple Gaussian fluctuations around an
              equilibrium state, the spatial distribution is universally
              bounded from above by 1/2k(B)T. We further show that in
              one-dimensional systems with short-range interactions, the
              thermal energy is equally partitioned even for coupled degrees of
              freedom in the thermodynamic limit and that in higher dimensions
              nontrivial spatial distributions emerge. Some implications are
              discussed.",
  journal  = "Phys. Rev. E Stat. Nonlin. Soft Matter Phys.",
  volume   =  91,
  number   =  6,
  pages    = "060103",
  month    =  jun,
  year     =  2015,
  language = "en"
}

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