@article{ ISI:000281393700002,
Author = {Beare, Doug and Hoelker, Franz and Engelhard, Georg H. and McKenzie,
   Eddie and Reid, David G.},
Title = {{An unintended experiment in fisheries science: a marine area protected
   by war results in Mexican waves in fish numbers-at-age}},
Journal = {{NATURWISSENSCHAFTEN}},
Year = {{2010}},
Volume = {{97}},
Number = {{9}},
Pages = {{797-808}},
Month = {{SEP}},
Abstract = {{Marine protected areas (MPAs) are attaining increasing importance in the
   management of marine ecosystems. They are effective for conservation in
   tropical and subtropical areas (mainly coral and rocky reefs), but it is
   debated whether they are useful in the management of migratory fish
   stocks in open temperate regions. World War II created a large marine
   area within which commercial fishing was prevented for 6 years. Here we
   analyse scientific trawl data for three important North Sea gadoids,
   collected between 1928 and 1958. Using statistical models to summarise
   the data, we demonstrate the potential of MPAs for expediting the
   recovery of over-exploited fisheries in open temperate regions. Our
   age-structured data and population models suggest that wild fish stocks
   will respond rapidly and positively to reductions in harvesting rates
   and that the numbers of older fish in a population will react before,
   and in much greater proportion, than their younger counterparts in a
   kind of Mexican wave. Our analyses demonstrate both the overall increase
   in survival due to the lack of harvesting in the War and the form of the
   age-dependent wave in numbers. We conclude that large closed areas can
   be very useful in the conservation of migratory species from temperate
   areas and that older fish benefit fastest and in greater proportion.
   Importantly, any rise in spawning stock biomass may also not immediately
   result in better recruitment, which can respond more slowly and hence
   take longer to contribute to higher future harvestable biomass levels.}},
Publisher = {{SPRINGER}},
Address = {{233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA}},
Type = {{Article}},
Language = {{English}},
Affiliation = {{Beare, D (Reprint Author), Wageningen IMARES, Haringkade 1,Postbus 68, NL-1970 AB Ijmuiden, Netherlands.
   Beare, Doug, Wageningen IMARES, NL-1970 AB Ijmuiden, Netherlands.
   Hoelker, Franz, Leibniz Inst Freshwater Ecol \& Inland Fisheries, Berlin, Germany.
   Engelhard, Georg H., Ctr Environm Fisheries \& Aquaculture Sci, Lowestoft, Suffolk, England.
   McKenzie, Eddie, Univ Strathclyde, Dept Stat \& Modelling Sci, Glasgow, Lanark, Scotland.
   Reid, David G., Inst Marine, Oranmore, Co Galway, Ireland.
   Beare, Doug; Hoelker, Franz, Inst Protect \& Secur Citizen, European Commiss, DG Joint Res Ctr, Ispra, Italy.}},
DOI = {{10.1007/s00114-010-0696-5}},
ISSN = {{0028-1042}},
Keywords = {{Marine protected areas; North Sea; World War II; Age-structured
   population; Gadoids; Exploitation; Mortality}},
Keywords-Plus = {{OCEAN ECOSYSTEM SERVICES; BIODIVERSITY LOSS; IMPACTS; CONSERVATION;
   MANAGEMENT}},
Research-Areas = {{Science \& Technology - Other Topics}},
Web-of-Science-Categories  = {{Multidisciplinary Sciences}},
Author-Email = {{doug.beare@gmail.com}},
ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Beare, Doug/F-8299-2010
   Holker, Franz/A-5683-2009
   }},
ORCID-Numbers = {{Beare, Doug/0000-0003-0609-3845
   Holker, Franz/0000-0001-5932-266X
   Engelhard, Georg H./0000-0002-7821-7029
   Reid, Dave/0000-0002-8494-0918}},
Funding-Acknowledgement = {{Commission of the European Communities {[}022644]; Joint Research
   Centre; European Union; UK's Department for Environment, Food and Rural
   Affairs {[}MA010, M1108]}},
Funding-Text = {{We would like to thank Marine Science Scotland in Aberdeen for providing
   the valuable datasets upon which this work is based and to the crews of
   the research vessels (Explorer I, Explorer II and Scotia I) who actually
   went to sea in all weathers to catch the fish. This study was carried
   out with financial support from the Commission of the European
   Communities, under the program ``Specific Support to Policies{''},
   contract no. 022644 ({''}Capacity, F and Effort{''}). Work was also
   partially funded by the Exploratory Research Program of the Joint
   Research Centre. The original idea to re-examine the WWII effect come
   from a brief discussion Doug Beare had with Hendrik Doerner in the Joint
   Research Centre cafeteria after lunch one day. GHE was also supported by
   the European Union's FP6 project RECLAIM and the UK's Department for
   Environment, Food and Rural Affairs projects MA010 (Fisheries Supporting
   Studies) and M1108 (100 Years of Change). The funders had no role in
   study design, data collation and analysis, decision to publish or
   preparation of the manuscript.}},
Number-of-Cited-References = {{30}},
Times-Cited = {{11}},
Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{0}},
Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{10}},
Journal-ISO = {{Naturwissenschaften}},
Doc-Delivery-Number = {{644QD}},
Unique-ID = {{ISI:000281393700002}},
OA = {{No}},
DA = {{2017-08-17}},
}

{"_id":"69w8w7FfeZWah4ZR9","bibbaseid":"beare-hoelker-engelhard-mckenzie-reid-anunintendedexperimentinfisheriesscienceamarineareaprotectedbywarresultsinmexicanwavesinfishnumbersatage-2010","downloads":0,"creationDate":"2017-08-17T14:08:07.619Z","title":"An unintended experiment in fisheries science: a marine area protected by war results in Mexican waves in fish numbers-at-age","author_short":["Beare, D.","Hoelker, F.","Engelhard, G. H.","McKenzie, E.","Reid, D. G."],"year":2010,"bibtype":"article","biburl":"http://flr-project.org/flr.bib","bibdata":{"bibtype":"article","type":"Article","author":[{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Beare"],"firstnames":["Doug"],"suffixes":[]},{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Hoelker"],"firstnames":["Franz"],"suffixes":[]},{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Engelhard"],"firstnames":["Georg","H."],"suffixes":[]},{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["McKenzie"],"firstnames":["Eddie"],"suffixes":[]},{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Reid"],"firstnames":["David","G."],"suffixes":[]}],"title":"An unintended experiment in fisheries science: a marine area protected by war results in Mexican waves in fish numbers-at-age","journal":"NATURWISSENSCHAFTEN","year":"2010","volume":"97","number":"9","pages":"797-808","month":"SEP","abstract":"Marine protected areas (MPAs) are attaining increasing importance in the management of marine ecosystems. They are effective for conservation in tropical and subtropical areas (mainly coral and rocky reefs), but it is debated whether they are useful in the management of migratory fish stocks in open temperate regions. World War II created a large marine area within which commercial fishing was prevented for 6 years. Here we analyse scientific trawl data for three important North Sea gadoids, collected between 1928 and 1958. Using statistical models to summarise the data, we demonstrate the potential of MPAs for expediting the recovery of over-exploited fisheries in open temperate regions. Our age-structured data and population models suggest that wild fish stocks will respond rapidly and positively to reductions in harvesting rates and that the numbers of older fish in a population will react before, and in much greater proportion, than their younger counterparts in a kind of Mexican wave. Our analyses demonstrate both the overall increase in survival due to the lack of harvesting in the War and the form of the age-dependent wave in numbers. We conclude that large closed areas can be very useful in the conservation of migratory species from temperate areas and that older fish benefit fastest and in greater proportion. Importantly, any rise in spawning stock biomass may also not immediately result in better recruitment, which can respond more slowly and hence take longer to contribute to higher future harvestable biomass levels.","publisher":"SPRINGER","address":"233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA","language":"English","affiliation":"Beare, D (Reprint Author), Wageningen IMARES, Haringkade 1,Postbus 68, NL-1970 AB Ijmuiden, Netherlands. Beare, Doug, Wageningen IMARES, NL-1970 AB Ijmuiden, Netherlands. Hoelker, Franz, Leibniz Inst Freshwater Ecol & Inland Fisheries, Berlin, Germany. Engelhard, Georg H., Ctr Environm Fisheries & Aquaculture Sci, Lowestoft, Suffolk, England. McKenzie, Eddie, Univ Strathclyde, Dept Stat & Modelling Sci, Glasgow, Lanark, Scotland. Reid, David G., Inst Marine, Oranmore, Co Galway, Ireland. Beare, Doug; Hoelker, Franz, Inst Protect & Secur Citizen, European Commiss, DG Joint Res Ctr, Ispra, Italy.","doi":"10.1007/s00114-010-0696-5","issn":"0028-1042","keywords":"Marine protected areas; North Sea; World War II; Age-structured population; Gadoids; Exploitation; Mortality","keywords-plus":"OCEAN ECOSYSTEM SERVICES; BIODIVERSITY LOSS; IMPACTS; CONSERVATION; MANAGEMENT","research-areas":"Science & Technology - Other Topics","web-of-science-categories":"Multidisciplinary Sciences","author-email":"doug.beare@gmail.com","researcherid-numbers":"Beare, Doug/F-8299-2010 Holker, Franz/A-5683-2009 ","orcid-numbers":"Beare, Doug/0000-0003-0609-3845 Holker, Franz/0000-0001-5932-266X Engelhard, Georg H./0000-0002-7821-7029 Reid, Dave/0000-0002-8494-0918","funding-acknowledgement":"Commission of the European Communities [022644]; Joint Research Centre; European Union; UK's Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs [MA010, M1108]","funding-text":"We would like to thank Marine Science Scotland in Aberdeen for providing the valuable datasets upon which this work is based and to the crews of the research vessels (Explorer I, Explorer II and Scotia I) who actually went to sea in all weathers to catch the fish. This study was carried out with financial support from the Commission of the European Communities, under the program ``Specific Support to Policies'', contract no. 022644 (''Capacity, F and Effort''). Work was also partially funded by the Exploratory Research Program of the Joint Research Centre. The original idea to re-examine the WWII effect come from a brief discussion Doug Beare had with Hendrik Doerner in the Joint Research Centre cafeteria after lunch one day. GHE was also supported by the European Union's FP6 project RECLAIM and the UK's Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs projects MA010 (Fisheries Supporting Studies) and M1108 (100 Years of Change). The funders had no role in study design, data collation and analysis, decision to publish or preparation of the manuscript.","number-of-cited-references":"30","times-cited":"11","usage-count-last-180-days":"0","usage-count-since-2013":"10","journal-iso":"Naturwissenschaften","doc-delivery-number":"644QD","unique-id":"ISI:000281393700002","oa":"No","da":"2017-08-17","bibtex":"@article{ ISI:000281393700002,\nAuthor = {Beare, Doug and Hoelker, Franz and Engelhard, Georg H. and McKenzie,\n Eddie and Reid, David G.},\nTitle = {{An unintended experiment in fisheries science: a marine area protected\n by war results in Mexican waves in fish numbers-at-age}},\nJournal = {{NATURWISSENSCHAFTEN}},\nYear = {{2010}},\nVolume = {{97}},\nNumber = {{9}},\nPages = {{797-808}},\nMonth = {{SEP}},\nAbstract = {{Marine protected areas (MPAs) are attaining increasing importance in the\n management of marine ecosystems. They are effective for conservation in\n tropical and subtropical areas (mainly coral and rocky reefs), but it is\n debated whether they are useful in the management of migratory fish\n stocks in open temperate regions. World War II created a large marine\n area within which commercial fishing was prevented for 6 years. Here we\n analyse scientific trawl data for three important North Sea gadoids,\n collected between 1928 and 1958. Using statistical models to summarise\n the data, we demonstrate the potential of MPAs for expediting the\n recovery of over-exploited fisheries in open temperate regions. Our\n age-structured data and population models suggest that wild fish stocks\n will respond rapidly and positively to reductions in harvesting rates\n and that the numbers of older fish in a population will react before,\n and in much greater proportion, than their younger counterparts in a\n kind of Mexican wave. Our analyses demonstrate both the overall increase\n in survival due to the lack of harvesting in the War and the form of the\n age-dependent wave in numbers. We conclude that large closed areas can\n be very useful in the conservation of migratory species from temperate\n areas and that older fish benefit fastest and in greater proportion.\n Importantly, any rise in spawning stock biomass may also not immediately\n result in better recruitment, which can respond more slowly and hence\n take longer to contribute to higher future harvestable biomass levels.}},\nPublisher = {{SPRINGER}},\nAddress = {{233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA}},\nType = {{Article}},\nLanguage = {{English}},\nAffiliation = {{Beare, D (Reprint Author), Wageningen IMARES, Haringkade 1,Postbus 68, NL-1970 AB Ijmuiden, Netherlands.\n Beare, Doug, Wageningen IMARES, NL-1970 AB Ijmuiden, Netherlands.\n Hoelker, Franz, Leibniz Inst Freshwater Ecol \\& Inland Fisheries, Berlin, Germany.\n Engelhard, Georg H., Ctr Environm Fisheries \\& Aquaculture Sci, Lowestoft, Suffolk, England.\n McKenzie, Eddie, Univ Strathclyde, Dept Stat \\& Modelling Sci, Glasgow, Lanark, Scotland.\n Reid, David G., Inst Marine, Oranmore, Co Galway, Ireland.\n Beare, Doug; Hoelker, Franz, Inst Protect \\& Secur Citizen, European Commiss, DG Joint Res Ctr, Ispra, Italy.}},\nDOI = {{10.1007/s00114-010-0696-5}},\nISSN = {{0028-1042}},\nKeywords = {{Marine protected areas; North Sea; World War II; Age-structured\n population; Gadoids; Exploitation; Mortality}},\nKeywords-Plus = {{OCEAN ECOSYSTEM SERVICES; BIODIVERSITY LOSS; IMPACTS; CONSERVATION;\n MANAGEMENT}},\nResearch-Areas = {{Science \\& Technology - Other Topics}},\nWeb-of-Science-Categories = {{Multidisciplinary Sciences}},\nAuthor-Email = {{doug.beare@gmail.com}},\nResearcherID-Numbers = {{Beare, Doug/F-8299-2010\n Holker, Franz/A-5683-2009\n }},\nORCID-Numbers = {{Beare, Doug/0000-0003-0609-3845\n Holker, Franz/0000-0001-5932-266X\n Engelhard, Georg H./0000-0002-7821-7029\n Reid, Dave/0000-0002-8494-0918}},\nFunding-Acknowledgement = {{Commission of the European Communities {[}022644]; Joint Research\n Centre; European Union; UK's Department for Environment, Food and Rural\n Affairs {[}MA010, M1108]}},\nFunding-Text = {{We would like to thank Marine Science Scotland in Aberdeen for providing\n the valuable datasets upon which this work is based and to the crews of\n the research vessels (Explorer I, Explorer II and Scotia I) who actually\n went to sea in all weathers to catch the fish. This study was carried\n out with financial support from the Commission of the European\n Communities, under the program ``Specific Support to Policies{''},\n contract no. 022644 ({''}Capacity, F and Effort{''}). Work was also\n partially funded by the Exploratory Research Program of the Joint\n Research Centre. The original idea to re-examine the WWII effect come\n from a brief discussion Doug Beare had with Hendrik Doerner in the Joint\n Research Centre cafeteria after lunch one day. GHE was also supported by\n the European Union's FP6 project RECLAIM and the UK's Department for\n Environment, Food and Rural Affairs projects MA010 (Fisheries Supporting\n Studies) and M1108 (100 Years of Change). The funders had no role in\n study design, data collation and analysis, decision to publish or\n preparation of the manuscript.}},\nNumber-of-Cited-References = {{30}},\nTimes-Cited = {{11}},\nUsage-Count-Last-180-days = {{0}},\nUsage-Count-Since-2013 = {{10}},\nJournal-ISO = {{Naturwissenschaften}},\nDoc-Delivery-Number = {{644QD}},\nUnique-ID = {{ISI:000281393700002}},\nOA = {{No}},\nDA = {{2017-08-17}},\n}\n\n","author_short":["Beare, D.","Hoelker, F.","Engelhard, G. H.","McKenzie, E.","Reid, D. G."],"key":"ISI:000281393700002","id":"ISI:000281393700002","bibbaseid":"beare-hoelker-engelhard-mckenzie-reid-anunintendedexperimentinfisheriesscienceamarineareaprotectedbywarresultsinmexicanwavesinfishnumbersatage-2010","role":"author","urls":{},"keyword":["Marine protected areas; North Sea; World War II; Age-structured population; Gadoids; Exploitation; Mortality"],"metadata":{"authorlinks":{}},"downloads":0},"search_terms":["unintended","experiment","fisheries","science","marine","area","protected","war","results","mexican","waves","fish","numbers","age","beare","hoelker","engelhard","mckenzie","reid"],"keywords":["marine protected areas; north sea; world war ii; age-structured population; gadoids; exploitation; mortality"],"authorIDs":[],"dataSources":["WA8XYs6LQoFRqHaQt","NDGPxX9hJs9BdrF52"]}